CINXE.COM
Analysis: Books, Articles, Etc. – International Justice Resource Center
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://ijrcenter.org/xmlrpc.php"> <title>Analysis: Books, Articles, Etc. – International Justice Resource Center</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//platform-api.sharethis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="International Justice Resource Center » Feed" href="https://ijrcenter.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="International Justice Resource Center » Comments Feed" href="https://ijrcenter.org/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/ijrcenter.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='zeedynamic-custom-fonts-css' href='https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/themes/zeedynamic/assets/css/custom-fonts.css?ver=20180413' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='zeedynamic-pro-custom-fonts-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro%3A400%2C400italic%2C700%2C700italic%7CSource+Sans+Pro%3A400%2C400italic%2C700%2C700italic%7CSource+Sans+Pro%3A400%2C400italic%2C700%2C700italic%7CSource+Sans+Pro%3A400%2C400italic%2C700%2C700italic&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext&display=swap' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://ijrcenter.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://ijrcenter.org/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css?ver=4.2.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://ijrcenter.org/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #333333;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--primary: #e58d34;--wp--preset--color--light-gray: #f0f0f0;--wp--preset--color--dark-gray: #777777;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <style id='calendar-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .calnk a:hover { background-position:0 0; text-decoration:none; color:#000000; border-bottom:1px dotted #000000; } .calnk a:visited { text-decoration:none; color:#000000; border-bottom:1px dotted #000000; } .calnk a { text-decoration:none; color:#000000; border-bottom:1px dotted #000000; } .calnk a span { display:none; } .calnk a:hover span { color:#333333; background:#F6F79B; display:block; position:absolute; margin-top:1px; padding:5px; width:150px; z-index:100; line-height:1.2em; } .calendar-table { border:0 !important; width:100% !important; border-collapse:separate !important; border-spacing:2px !important; } .calendar-heading { height:25px; text-align:center; border:1px solid #D6DED5; background-color:#E4EBE3; } .calendar-next { width:25%; text-align:center; } .calendar-prev { width:25%; text-align:center; } .calendar-month { width:50%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; } .normal-day-heading { text-align:center; width:25px; height:25px; font-size:0.8em; border:1px solid #DFE6DE; background-color:#EBF2EA; } .weekend-heading { text-align:center; width:25px; height:25px; font-size:0.8em; border:1px solid #DFE6DE; background-color:#EBF2EA; color:#FF0000; } .day-with-date { vertical-align:text-top; text-align:left; width:60px; height:60px; border:1px solid #DFE6DE; } .no-events { } .day-without-date { width:60px; height:60px; border:1px solid #E9F0E8; } span.weekend { color:#FF0000; } .current-day { vertical-align:text-top; text-align:left; width:60px; height:60px; border:1px solid #BFBFBF; background-color:#E4EBE3; } span.event { font-size:0.75em; } .kjo-link { font-size:0.75em; text-align:center; } .calendar-date-switcher { height:25px; text-align:center; border:1px solid #D6DED5; background-color:#E4EBE3; } .calendar-date-switcher form { margin:2px; } .calendar-date-switcher input { border:1px #D6DED5 solid; margin:0; } .calendar-date-switcher select { border:1px #D6DED5 solid; margin:0; } .calnk a:hover span span.event-title { padding:0; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:1.2em; margin-left:0px; } .calnk a:hover span span.event-title-break { width:96%; text-align:center; height:1px; margin-top:5px; margin-right:2%; padding:0; background-color:#000000; margin-left:0px; } .calnk a:hover span span.event-content-break { width:96%; text-align:center; height:1px; margin-top:5px; margin-right:2%; padding:0; background-color:#000000; margin-left:0px; } .page-upcoming-events { font-size:80%; } .page-todays-events { font-size:80%; } .calendar-table table,tbody,tr,td { margin:0 !important; padding:0 !important; } table.calendar-table { margin-bottom:5px !important; } .cat-key { width:100%; margin-top:30px; padding:5px; border:0 !important; } .cal-separate { border:0 !important; margin-top:10px; } table.cat-key { margin-top:5px !important; border:1px solid #DFE6DE !important; border-collapse:separate !important; border-spacing:4px !important; margin-left:2px !important; width:99.5% !important; margin-bottom:5px !important; } .cat-key td { border:0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='toc-screen-css' href='https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/plugins/table-of-contents-plus/screen.min.css?ver=2411.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='toc-screen-inline-css' type='text/css'> div#toc_container {width: 95%;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cookie-law-info-css' href='https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/plugins/webtoffee-gdpr-cookie-consent/public/css/cookie-law-info-public.css?ver=2.3.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cookie-law-info-gdpr-css' href='https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/plugins/webtoffee-gdpr-cookie-consent/public/css/cookie-law-info-gdpr.css?ver=2.3.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='cookie-law-info-gdpr-inline-css' type='text/css'> .cli-modal-content, .cli-tab-content { background-color: #ffffff; }.cli-privacy-content-text, .cli-modal .cli-modal-dialog, .cli-tab-container p, a.cli-privacy-readmore { color: #000000; }.cli-tab-header { background-color: #f2f2f2; }.cli-tab-header, .cli-tab-header a.cli-nav-link,span.cli-necessary-caption,.cli-switch .cli-slider:after { color: #000000; }.cli-switch .cli-slider:before { background-color: #ffffff; }.cli-switch input:checked + .cli-slider:before { background-color: #ffffff; }.cli-switch .cli-slider { background-color: #e3e1e8; }.cli-switch input:checked + .cli-slider { background-color: #28a745; }.cli-modal-close svg { fill: #000000; }.cli-tab-footer .wt-cli-privacy-accept-all-btn { background-color: #00acad; color: #ffffff}.cli-tab-footer .wt-cli-privacy-accept-btn { background-color: #00acad; color: #ffffff}.cli-tab-header a:before{ border-right: 1px solid #000000; border-bottom: 1px solid #000000; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-components-css' href='https://ijrcenter.org/wp-includes/css/dist/components/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='godaddy-styles-css' href='https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/mu-plugins/vendor/wpex/godaddy-launch/includes/Dependencies/GoDaddy/Styles/build/latest.css?ver=2.0.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='zeedynamic-stylesheet-css' href='https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/themes/zeedynamic/style.css?ver=1.7.9' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='zeedynamic-stylesheet-inline-css' type='text/css'> .site-title, .site-description, .type-post .entry-footer .entry-tags { position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='genericons-css' href='https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/genericons/genericons/genericons.css?ver=3.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='zeedynamic-slider-css' href='https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/themes/zeedynamic/assets/css/flexslider.css?ver=20170421' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='akismet-widget-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .a-stats { --akismet-color-mid-green: #357b49; --akismet-color-white: #fff; --akismet-color-light-grey: #f6f7f7; max-width: 350px; width: auto; } .a-stats * { all: unset; box-sizing: border-box; } .a-stats strong { font-weight: 600; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:visited, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:active { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); border: none; box-shadow: none; border-radius: 8px; color: var(--akismet-color-white); cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Roboto', 'Oxygen-Sans', 'Ubuntu', 'Cantarell', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-weight: 500; padding: 12px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; } /* Extra specificity to deal with TwentyTwentyOne focus style */ .widget .a-stats a.a-stats__link:focus { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); color: var(--akismet-color-white); text-decoration: none; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link:hover { filter: brightness(110%); box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06), 0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16); } .a-stats .count { color: var(--akismet-color-white); display: block; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.4; padding: 0 13px; white-space: nowrap; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tablepress-default-css' href='https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/tablepress-combined.min.css?ver=73' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='zeedynamic-pro-css' href='https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/plugins/zeedynamic-pro/assets/css/zeedynamic-pro.css?ver=1.5.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='zeedynamic-pro-inline-css' type='text/css'> /* Top Navigation Color Setting */.header-bar-wrap,.top-navigation-menu ul {background: #ffffff;}/* Primary Navigation Color Setting */.main-navigation-menu a:hover,.main-navigation-menu a:active,.main-navigation-menu li.current-menu-item > a,.main-navigation-toggle:hover,.main-navigation-toggle:focus,.main-navigation-toggle:active {background: #5d8ebf;}/* Secondary Navigation Color Setting */.primary-navigation,.main-navigation-toggle,.main-navigation-menu ul {background: #13558e;}/* Content Primary Color Setting */a,a:link,a:visited,.site-title,.site-title a:link,.site-title a:visited,.has-primary-color {color: #e58d34;}a:hover,a:focus,a:active,.site-title a:hover,.site-title a:active { color: #333333;}button,input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],.more-link,.entry-tags .meta-tags a,.widget_tag_cloud .tagcloud a,.pagination .current,.infinite-scroll #infinite-handle span,.tzwb-social-icons .social-icons-menu li a,.post-slider-controls .zeeflex-direction-nav a,.post-slider-controls .zeeflex-control-nav li a:hover,.post-slider-controls .zeeflex-control-nav li a.zeeflex-active,.scroll-to-top-button,.scroll-to-top-button:focus,.scroll-to-top-button:active { color: #fff;background: #e58d34;}.post-slider .zeeslide .slide-post {border-color: #e58d34;}button:hover,input[type="button"]:hover,input[type="reset"]:hover,input[type="submit"]:hover,button:focus,input[type="button"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="submit"]:focus,button:active,input[type="button"]:active,input[type="reset"]:active,input[type="submit"]:active,.more-link:hover,.more-link:focus,.more-link:active,.entry-tags .meta-tags a:hover,.entry-tags .meta-tags a:focus,.entry-tags .meta-tags a:active,.widget_tag_cloud .tagcloud a:hover,.widget_tag_cloud .tagcloud a:focus,.widget_tag_cloud .tagcloud a:active,.infinite-scroll #infinite-handle span:hover,.infinite-scroll #infinite-handle span:active,.tzwb-social-icons .social-icons-menu li a:hover,.tzwb-social-icons .social-icons-menu li a:focus,.tzwb-social-icons .social-icons-menu li a:active { background: #333333;}.has-primary-background-color {background-color: #e58d34;}/* Content Secondary Color Setting */a:hover,a:focus,a:active,.site-title a:hover,.site-title a:active,.page-title,.entry-title,.entry-title a:link,.entry-title a:visited {color: #2c608e;}.entry-title a:hover,.entry-title a:active { color: #e84747;}.widget-header,.page-header,button:hover,input[type="button"]:hover,input[type="reset"]:hover,input[type="submit"]:hover,button:focus,input[type="button"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="submit"]:focus,button:active,input[type="button"]:active,input[type="reset"]:active,input[type="submit"]:active,.more-link:hover,.more-link:focus,.more-link:active,.entry-tags .meta-tags a:hover,.entry-tags .meta-tags a:focus,.entry-tags .meta-tags a:active,.widget_tag_cloud .tagcloud a:hover,.widget_tag_cloud .tagcloud a:focus,.widget_tag_cloud .tagcloud a:active,.pagination a:link,.pagination a:visited,.infinite-scroll #infinite-handle span:hover,.infinite-scroll #infinite-handle span:active,.tzwb-tabbed-content .tzwb-tabnavi li a,.tzwb-tabbed-content .tzwb-tabnavi li a:link,.tzwb-tabbed-content .tzwb-tabnavi li a:visited,.tzwb-social-icons .social-icons-menu li a:hover,.tzwb-social-icons .social-icons-menu li a:focus,.tzwb-social-icons .social-icons-menu li a:active,.post-slider .zeeslide .slide-post,.post-slider-controls .zeeflex-direction-nav a:hover,.post-slider-controls .zeeflex-direction-nav a:active,.post-slider-controls .zeeflex-control-nav li a,.scroll-to-top-button:hover {background: #2c608e;}.pagination a:hover,.pagination a:active,.tzwb-tabbed-content .tzwb-tabnavi li a:hover,.tzwb-tabbed-content .tzwb-tabnavi li a:active,.tzwb-tabbed-content .tzwb-tabnavi li a.current-tab { background: #e84747;}/* Content Primary Hover Color Setting */.entry-title a:hover,.entry-title a:active {color: #e58d34;}.pagination a:hover,.pagination a:active,.tzwb-tabbed-content .tzwb-tabnavi li a:hover,.tzwb-tabbed-content .tzwb-tabnavi li a:active,.tzwb-tabbed-content .tzwb-tabnavi li a.current-tab {background: #e58d34;}/* Footer Area Color Setting */.footer-wrap,.footer-widgets-background {background: #898989;}/* Footer Navigation Color Setting */.footer-navigation {background: #909ab2;}/* Base Font Setting */body,button,input,select,textarea {font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}/* Headings Font Setting */.site-title,.page-title,.entry-title {font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}/* Navigation Font Setting */.main-navigation-menu a {font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}/* Widget Titles Font Setting */.page-header .archive-title,.comments-header .comments-title,.comment-reply-title span,.widget-title {font-family: "Source Sans Pro", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sharedaddy-css' href='https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/sharedaddy/sharing.css?ver=14.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='social-logos-css' href='https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/social-logos/social-logos.min.css?ver=14.3' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="cookie-law-info-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var Cli_Data = {"nn_cookie_ids":[],"non_necessary_cookies":[],"cookielist":[],"ajax_url":"https:\/\/ijrcenter.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","current_lang":"en","security":"26831a4feb","eu_countries":["GB"],"geoIP":"disabled","use_custom_geolocation_api":"","custom_geolocation_api":"https:\/\/geoip.cookieyes.com\/geoip\/checker\/result.php","consentVersion":"1","strictlyEnabled":["necessary","obligatoire"],"cookieDomain":"","privacy_length":"250","ccpaEnabled":"","ccpaRegionBased":"","ccpaBarEnabled":"","ccpaType":"gdpr","triggerDomRefresh":"","secure_cookies":""}; var log_object = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/ijrcenter.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/plugins/webtoffee-gdpr-cookie-consent/public/js/cookie-law-info-public.js?ver=2.3.7" id="cookie-law-info-js"></script> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/themes/zeedynamic/assets/js/html5shiv.min.js?ver=3.7.3" id="html5shiv-js"></script> <![endif]--> <script type="text/javascript" id="zeedynamic-jquery-navigation-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var zeedynamic_menu_title = {"text":"Menu"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/themes/zeedynamic/assets/js/navigation.js?ver=20210324" id="zeedynamic-jquery-navigation-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/themes/zeedynamic/assets/js/jquery.flexslider-min.js?ver=2.6.0" id="jquery-flexslider-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="zeedynamic-slider-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var zeedynamic_slider_params = {"animation":"fade","speed":"7000"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/themes/zeedynamic/assets/js/slider.js?ver=20170421" id="zeedynamic-slider-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//platform-api.sharethis.com/js/sharethis.js#source=googleanalytics-wordpress#product=ga&property=59a84962b6f4830012913cc7" id="googleanalytics-platform-sharethis-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/194" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://ijrcenter.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ijrcenter.org/research-aids/legal-analysis-books-articles-etc/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://wp.me/P4rqod-38' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fijrcenter.org%2Fresearch-aids%2Flegal-analysis-books-articles-etc%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fijrcenter.org%2Fresearch-aids%2Flegal-analysis-books-articles-etc%2F&format=xml" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/IJRC-logo-e1502307652679.jpg" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/IJRC-logo-e1502307652679.jpg" /> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <script type="text/javascript"> var jQueryMigrateHelperHasSentDowngrade = false; window.onerror = function( msg, url, line, col, error ) { // Break out early, do not processing if a downgrade reqeust was already sent. if ( jQueryMigrateHelperHasSentDowngrade ) { return true; } var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); var nonce = 'aaeacabe56'; var jQueryFunctions = [ 'andSelf', 'browser', 'live', 'boxModel', 'support.boxModel', 'size', 'swap', 'clean', 'sub', ]; var match_pattern = /\)\.(.+?) is not a function/; var erroredFunction = msg.match( match_pattern ); // If there was no matching functions, do not try to downgrade. if ( null === erroredFunction || typeof erroredFunction !== 'object' || typeof erroredFunction[1] === "undefined" || -1 === jQueryFunctions.indexOf( erroredFunction[1] ) ) { return true; } // Set that we've now attempted a downgrade request. jQueryMigrateHelperHasSentDowngrade = true; xhr.open( 'POST', 'https://ijrcenter.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php' ); xhr.setRequestHeader( 'Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' ); xhr.onload = function () { var response, reload = false; if ( 200 === xhr.status ) { try { response = JSON.parse( xhr.response ); reload = response.data.reload; } catch ( e ) { reload = false; } } // Automatically reload the page if a deprecation caused an automatic downgrade, ensure visitors get the best possible experience. if ( reload ) { location.reload(); } }; xhr.send( encodeURI( 'action=jquery-migrate-downgrade-version&_wpnonce=' + nonce ) ); // Suppress error alerts in older browsers return true; } </script> <script> (function() { (function (i, s, o, g, r, a, m) { i['GoogleAnalyticsObject'] = r; i[r] = i[r] || function () { (i[r].q = i[r].q || []).push(arguments) }, i[r].l = 1 * new Date(); a = s.createElement(o), m = s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0]; a.async = 1; a.src = g; m.parentNode.insertBefore(a, m) })(window, document, 'script', 'https://google-analytics.com/analytics.js', 'ga'); ga('create', 'UA-24492631-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); })(); </script> <style type="text/css" id="custom-background-css"> body.custom-background { background-color: #3f4b68; } </style> <!-- Jetpack Open Graph Tags --> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Analysis: Books, Articles, Etc." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://ijrcenter.org/research-aids/legal-analysis-books-articles-etc/" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Although traditional, paid databases generally contain the most comprehensive collections of journals and other secondary sources, a number of sites provide useful content for free. Book, Article, …" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2010-02-07T08:05:16+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2021-12-10T17:45:21+00:00" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="International Justice Resource Center" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://s0.wp.com/i/blank.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@ijrcenter" /> <meta name="twitter:text:title" content="Analysis: Books, Articles, Etc." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/IJRC-logo-e1502307652679.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <!-- End Jetpack Open Graph Tags --> <link rel="icon" href="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/IJRC-logo-75x75.jpg" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/IJRC-logo-e1502307652679.jpg" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/IJRC-logo-e1502307652679.jpg" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/IJRC-logo-e1502307652679.jpg" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> a:link, a:visited { color: #2d4393; } .widget-header { background-color: #578fbf; } input[type="submit"], .more-link span, .read-more, #commentform #submit { background-color: #0900bc; } button, input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"] { background: #4D90FE; } </style> </head> <body class="page-template-default page page-id-194 page-child parent-pageid-143 custom-background wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive author-hidden"> <div id="page" class="hfeed site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header id="masthead" class="site-header clearfix" role="banner"> <div class="header-main container clearfix"> <div id="logo" class="site-branding clearfix"> <a href="https://ijrcenter.org/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="800" height="52" src="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/logo_header_new-mar20142.png" class="custom-logo" alt="logo" decoding="async" srcset="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/logo_header_new-mar20142.png 800w, https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/logo_header_new-mar20142-300x19.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></a> <p class="site-title"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/" rel="home">International Justice Resource Center</a></p> <p class="site-description">International Justice Resource Center</p> </div><!-- .site-branding --> <div class="header-widgets clearfix"> <aside id="wpcom_social_media_icons_widget-2" class="header-widget widget_wpcom_social_media_icons_widget"><ul><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/ijrcenter/" class="genericon genericon-facebook" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">View ijrcenter’s profile on Facebook</span></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/ijrcenter/" class="genericon genericon-twitter" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">View ijrcenter’s profile on Twitter</span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/ijrcenter/" class="genericon genericon-instagram" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">View ijrcenter’s profile on Instagram</span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/ijrcenter/" class="genericon genericon-linkedin" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">View ijrcenter’s profile on LinkedIn</span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/ijrcenter/" class="genericon genericon-youtube" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">View ijrcenter’s profile on YouTube</span></a></li><li><a href="https://vimeo.com/ijrcenter/" class="genericon genericon-vimeo" target="_blank"><span class="screen-reader-text">View ijrcenter’s profile on Vimeo</span></a></li></ul></aside> </div><!-- .header-widgets --> </div><!-- .header-main --> <div id="main-navigation-wrap" class="primary-navigation-wrap"> <nav id="main-navigation" class="primary-navigation navigation clearfix" role="navigation"> <ul id="menu-main-menu-2014" class="main-navigation-menu"><li id="menu-item-3278" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3278"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/about/">About IJRC</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2627" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2627"><a>Who We Are</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3293" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3293"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/board-of-directors/">Board of Directors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3294" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3294"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/about/who-we-are/advisory-board/">Advisory Board</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3463" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3463"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/ijrcs-services/">What We Do</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-4921" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4921"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/ijrcs-services/online-resource-hub/">Online Resource Hub</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4922" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4922"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/ijrcs-services/support/">Litigation & Advocacy Support</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4920" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4920"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/trainings/">Trainings</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3327" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3327"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/about/ijrc-in-the-news/">IJRC in the News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3328" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3328"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/about/employment/">Work with IJRC</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3330" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3330"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/about/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3341" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-ancestor current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-3341"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/human-rights-law/">Human Rights Law</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3280" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3280"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/ihr-reading-room/overview-of-the-human-rights-framework/">Human Rights Overview</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3450" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3450"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/thematic-research-guides/">Civil & Political Rights</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3451" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3451"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/thematic-research-guides/">Vulnerable Groups</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3452" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3452"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/thematic-research-guides/">Economic, Social & Cultural Rights</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13241" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13241"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/country-factsheets/">Country Factsheets</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3331" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current-page-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-3331"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/research-aids/">Research Aids</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3321" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-194 current_page_item menu-item-3321"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/research-aids/legal-analysis-books-articles-etc/" aria-current="page">Books & Articles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3322" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3322"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/research-aids/civil-society/">Civil Society Actors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3283" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3283"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/research-aids/human-rights-conditions/">Human Rights Conditions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3338" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3338"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/research-aids/international-human-rights-instruments/">International Human Rights Instruments</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3287" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3287"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/research-aids/jurisprudence-databases/">Jurisprudence & Document Databases</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2629" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2629"><a>Related Areas of Law</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3289" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3289"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/refugee-law/">Asylum & the Rights of Refugees</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3311" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3311"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/international-criminal-law/">International Criminal Law</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3320" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3320"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/international-humanitarian-law/">International Humanitarian Law</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3337" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3337"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/regional-communities/">Regional Integration Agreements</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3340" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3340"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/courts-monitoring-bodies/">Courts & Monitoring Bodies</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3284" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3284"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/universal-tribunals-treaty-bodies-and-rapporteurs/">United Nations</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3282" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3282"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/un-human-rights-council/">Human Rights Council</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3281" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3281"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/un-human-rights-council/un-universal-periodic-review/">Universal Periodic Review</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3309" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3309"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/un-special-procedures/">Independent Experts</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3308" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3308"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/un-treaty-bodies/">Human Rights Treaty Bodies</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3353" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3353"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/un-treaty-bodies/human-rights-committee/">Human Rights Committee</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3352" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3352"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/un-treaty-bodies/committee-on-economic-social-and-cultural-rights/">Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3349" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3349"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/un-treaty-bodies/committee-against-torture/">Committee Against Torture</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3350" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3350"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/un-treaty-bodies/committee-on-the-elimination-of-discrimination-against-women/">Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3351" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3351"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/un-treaty-bodies/committee-on-the-elimination-of-racial-discrimination/">Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3344" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3344"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/un-treaty-bodies/committee-on-enforced-disappearances/">Committee on Enforced Disappearances</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3346" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3346"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/un-treaty-bodies/committee-on-migrant-workers/">Committee on Migrant Workers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3347" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3347"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/un-treaty-bodies/committee-on-the-rights-of-the-child/">Committee on the Rights of the Child</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3345" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3345"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/un-treaty-bodies/committee-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities/">Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3348" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3348"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/un-treaty-bodies/subcommittee-on-prevention-of-torture/">Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3305" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3305"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/regional/african/">Africa</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2633" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2633"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/ihr-reading-room/regional/african/#African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples8217_Rights">African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2634" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2634"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/ihr-reading-room/regional/african/#African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples8217_Rights">African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3298" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3298"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/regional-communities/common-market-for-eastern-and-southern-africa-court-of-justice/">COMESA Court of Justice</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3301" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3301"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/regional-communities/east-african-court-of-justice/">East African Court of Justice</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3302" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3302"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/regional-communities/economic-community-of-west-african-states-court-of-justice/">ECOWAS Court of Justice</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3303" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3303"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/regional-communities/southern-african-development-community-tribunal/">Southern African Development Community Tribunal</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3292" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3292"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/regional/inter-american-system/">Americas</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2632" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2632"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/ihr-reading-room/regional/inter-american-system/#Inter-American_Court_of_Human_Rights">Inter-American Court of Human Rights</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2631" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2631"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/ihr-reading-room/regional/inter-american-system/#Inter-American_Commission_on_Human_Rights">Inter-American Commission on Human Rights</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3296" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3296"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/regional-communities/caribbean-court-of-justice/">Caribbean Court of Justice</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3297" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3297"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/regional-communities/central-american-court-of-justice/">Central American Court of Justice</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3299" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3299"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/regional-communities/court-of-justice-of-the-andean-community/">Court of Justice of the Andean Community</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3306" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3306"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/regional/asia/">Asia</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3304" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3304"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/regional/europe/">Europe</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-4242" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4242"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/european-court-of-human-rights/">European Court of Human Rights</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4241" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4241"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/european-committee-of-social-rights-3/">European Committee of Social Rights</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4240" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4240"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/council-of-europe-commissioner-for-human-rights/">Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3307" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3307"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/regional/middle-east-and-north-africa/">Middle East and North Africa</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3315" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3315"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/cases-before-national-courts/">National Bodies</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3316" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3316"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/cases-before-national-courts/alien-tort-claims-act-litigation-u-s/">National Courts</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3317" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3317"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/national-human-rights-institutions/">National Human Rights Institutions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3318" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3318"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/cases-before-national-courts/truth-and-reconciliation-commissions/">Truth and Reconciliation Commissions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3319" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3319"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/cases-before-national-courts/domestic-exercise-of-universal-jurisdiction/">Universal Jurisdiction</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3323" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3323"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/events/">Hearings & Sessions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2630" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2630"><a>Other International Bodies</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3295" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3295"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/universal-tribunals-treaty-bodies-and-rapporteurs/international-court-of-justice/">International Court of Justice</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3288" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3288"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/international-criminal-law/international-criminal-court/">International Criminal Court</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3313" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3313"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/international-criminal-law/ictr/">ICTR</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3312" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3312"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/international-criminal-law/icty/">ICTY</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3314" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3314"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/international-criminal-law/internationalized-criminal-tribunals/">Internationalized Criminal Tribunals</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3310" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3310"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/universal-tribunals-treaty-bodies-and-rapporteurs/international-labour-organization/">International Labour Organization</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3339" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3339"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/regional-communities/">Courts and Tribunals of Regional Economic Communities</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3342" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3342"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/news-events/">News & Events</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3332" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3332"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/news-room/">News Room</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4740" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4740"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/news-events/the-ijrc-daily/">IJRC Daily</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3335" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3335"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/events/">Hearings & Sessions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3333" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3333"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/ijrc-events/">IJRC Events</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3343" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3343"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/media-publications/">Media & Publications</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3464" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3464"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/ijrc-publications/">IJRC Publications</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3460" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3460"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/ijrc-interview-series/">IJRC Interview Series</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3462" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-has-children menu-item-3462"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org">Educational Videos</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3459" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3459"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/advocacy-before-the-inter-american-human-rights-system/">Advocacy before the Inter-American Human Rights System</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3461" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3461"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/el-litigio-e-incidencia-ante-el-sistema-interamericano-de-derechos-humanos/">El Litigio e Incidencia ante el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3524" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3524"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/atuacao-perante-o-sistema-interamericano-de-direitos-humanos/">Atuação perante o Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3525" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3525"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/pledwaye-devan-sistem-ente-ameriken-pou-pwoteksyon-dwa-moun/">Pledwaye Devan Sistèm Entè-Ameriken pou Pwoteksyon Dwa Moun</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3458" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3458"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/training-sessions/">Training Sessions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3470" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3470"><a href="https://ijrcenter.org/support-ijrc/">Donate</a></li> </ul> </nav><!-- #main-navigation --> </div> </header><!-- #masthead --> <div id="content" class="site-content container clearfix"> <section id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <article id="post-194" class="post-194 page type-page status-publish hentry"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="page-title">Analysis: Books, Articles, Etc.</h1> </header><!-- .entry-header --> <div class="entry-content clearfix"> <p>Although traditional, paid databases generally contain the most comprehensive collections of journals and other secondary sources, a number of sites provide useful content for free.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><div id="toc_container" class="no_bullets"><p class="toc_title">Contents</p><ul class="toc_list"><li><a href="#Book_Article_and_Working_Paper_Databases">Book, Article, and Working Paper Databases</a></li><li><a href="#Law_Journals">Law Journals</a></li><li><a href="#Other_Reports">Other Reports</a></li></ul></div> </p> <h3><span id="Book_Article_and_Working_Paper_Databases"><span style="color: #006666;"><strong>Book, Article, and Working Paper Databases</strong></span></span></h3> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://aleph.mpg.de/F?func=file&file_name=find-b&CON_LNG=eng&local_base=vrh01" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law Library</a> is a library catalog that includes links to many free, downloadable PDF versions of articles and books, searchable through the <a href="http://rzblx1.uni-regensburg.de/ezeit/search.phtml?bibid=MPIV&colors=7&lang=en" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Electronic Journals Library</a> and <a href="http://aleph.mpg.de/F/?func=file&file_name=find-b&local_base=ebx01" target="_blank" rel="noopener">eBooks Catalog</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Thousands of articles and conference papers on human rights topics are available on the Social Science Research Network (<a href="http://www.ssrn.com/">SSRN</a>).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="http://scholar.google.com/">Google Scholar</a> contains a searchable database of scholarly articles and books, including on human rights topics.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Use Google book’s <a href="http://books.google.com/advanced_book_search">Advanced Book Search</a> to find digitized books on human rights topics.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Search among thousands of <a href="http://law.bepress.com/do/discipline_browser/articles?discipline_key=847">human rights</a> student papers, working papers and conference papers available through the <a href="http://law.bepress.com/repository/">bepress Legal Repository</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/fwps_papers/">Georgetown Law Faculty Working Papers</a> cover a range of legal issues, including international human rights.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The library catalog <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/advancedsearch">WorldCat</a> contains links to downloadable articles (some available free of charge).</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/">Yale Law School Legal Scholarship Repository</a> includes student and faculty papers.</li> </ul> <h3><span id="Law_Journals"><strong><span style="color: #006666;">Law Journals</span></strong></span></h3> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://harvardhrj.com/">Harvard Human Rights Journal</a> provides free access to all content.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/JELJOUR_Results.cfm?form_name=journalBrowse&journal_id=924302">Human Rights & the Global Economy eJournal</a><strong> </strong>is a free online journal.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The Washington College of Law’s <a href="http://www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/">Human Rights Brief</a> is an international human rights and humanitarian law journal and is available free online. Request a free print subscription <a href="http://www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/subscription.cfm">here</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://hrlr.oxfordjournals.org/">Human Rights Law Review</a> provides free access to select articles on its website, and occasionally provides free access to a <a href="http://hrlr.oxfordjournals.org/site/subscriptions/sample.xhtml">sample issue</a>, after registering with Oxford Journals.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Register for free access to select articles and a sample copy of the <a href="http://ijtj.oxfordjournals.org/">International Journal of Transitional Justice</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://jhrp.oxfordjournals.org/">Journal of Human Rights Practice</a> provides free access to <a href="http://oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/jhuman/editorschoice.html">select articles</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://ijrl.oxfordjournals.org/">International Journal of Refugee Law</a> provides free access to select articles, as well as free access to <a href="http://ijrl.oxfordjournals.org/content/vol20/issue1/">one issue</a>, after registering with Oxford Journals.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://jcsl.oxfordjournals.org/">Journal of Conflict and Security Law</a> provides free access to <a href="http://jcsl.oxfordjournals.org/content/vol13/issue1/">one issue</a>, after registering with Oxford Journals.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://icon.oxfordjournals.org/">International Journal of Constitutional Law</a> provides free access to <a href="http://icon.oxfordjournals.org/content/vol6/issue3-4/">one issue</a> and to <a href="http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/ijclaw/specialissues.html">special issues</a>, after registering with Oxford Journals.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://ejil.oxfordjournals.org/">European Journal of International Law</a> provides free access to <a href="http://ejil.oxfordjournals.org/content/vol19/issue5/">one issue</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://jids.oxfordjournals.org/current.dtl">Journal of International Dispute Settlement</a> is currently providing free access to select articles and to its first edition online.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://jicj.oxfordjournals.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Journal of International Criminal Justice</a> provides free access to editor’s choice articles and a free sample issue.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://www.law.yale.edu/academics/YHRDLJ.htm">Yale Human Rights & Development Law Journal</a> provides free access to all content.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://icj.sagepub.com/">International Criminal Justice Review</a> occasionally provides free access to a <a href="http://icj.sagepub.com/content/23/1.toc">sample issue</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/15718123">International Criminal Law Review</a> occasionally provides free access to a <a href="http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/15718123/11/1">sample issue</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/15718158">Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law</a> provides free access to <a href="http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/15718158/11/1">select issues</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://www3.law.columbia.edu/hrlr/">Columbia Human Rights Law Review</a> provides free access to articles in recent volumes, and provides previews to articles in older volumes.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="https://www.press.jhu.edu/journals/human_rights_quarterly/">Human Rights Quarterly</a> provides free access to <a href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/human_rights_quarterly/">select issues</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/15718034">Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals</a> provides free access to editor’s choice articles and a free <a href="http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/15718034/10/1">sample issue</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tjcil/">Tulsa Journal of Comparative and International Law</a> provides free access to <a href="http://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tjcil/all_issues.html">all issues</a> published between 1993 to 2008.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>It can also be worthwhile to browse the article abstracts in the archives of journals such as those published by <a href="http://www.oxfordjournals.org/">Oxford University Press</a> for a review of current topics and perspectives. Most journals provide paid access to individual articles without requiring a journal subscription.</li> </ul> <h3><span id="Other_Reports"><span style="color: #006666;"><strong>Other Reports</strong></span></span></h3> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">IJRC’s <a href="https://cse.google.com/cse/publicurl?cx=016332981764076211810:qfh4m386j5o">custom Google Search tool</a> allows visitors to search human rights bodies’ web sites simultaneously for press releases, policy statements, State reports, and commentary.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">For resources on human rights conditions around the world, see the <a href="https://ijrcenter.org/research-aids/human-rights-conditions/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Human Rights Conditions</a> section of the Online Resource Hub.</p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;">For reports, statements, decisions, and recommendations produced by human rights bodies, see the <a href="https://ijrcenter.org/research-aids/jurisprudence-databases/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jurisprudence & Document Databases</a> section of the Online Resource Hub.</p> <div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing"><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-194" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://ijrcenter.org/research-aids/legal-analysis-books-articles-etc/?share=twitter" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Twitter" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-194" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://ijrcenter.org/research-aids/legal-analysis-books-articles-etc/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-linkedin"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-linkedin-194" class="share-linkedin sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://ijrcenter.org/research-aids/legal-analysis-books-articles-etc/?share=linkedin" target="_blank" title="Click to share on LinkedIn" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-print sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://ijrcenter.org/research-aids/legal-analysis-books-articles-etc/#print" target="_blank" title="Click to print" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to print (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div> </div><!-- .entry-content --> </article> <div id="comments" class="comments-area"> </div><!-- #comments --> </main><!-- #main --> </section><!-- #primary --> <section id="secondary" class="sidebar widget-area clearfix" role="complementary"> <aside id="custom_html-2" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html clearfix"><div class="widget-header"><h3 class="widget-title">COVID-19 & Human Rights Oversight</h3></div><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><p style="text-align: justify;">See human rights bodies' COVID-19 guidance on our <a href= "https://ijrcenter.org/covid-19-guidance-from-supranational-human-rights-bodies/">dedicated webpage</a>, organized by mechanism and theme, and updated regularly.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;">For human rights bodies' schedule and activity changes due to the pandemic, see our <a href= "https://ijrcenter.org/category/monthly-overview/">Monthly Overview</a> posts or the IJRC Hearings & Sessions <a href= "https://ijrcenter.org/events/">Calendar</a>.</p> <center><a href= "https://ijrcenter.org/covid-19-guidance-from-supranational-human-rights-bodies/"><img src="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Human-Rights-and-COVID-19-e1589306694455.png" /></a></center></div></aside><aside id="text-12" class="widget widget_text clearfix"><div class="widget-header"><h3 class="widget-title">Human Rights Document Search</h3></div> <div class="textwidget"><p><script async src="https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=016332981764076211810:qfh4m386j5o"></script></p> <div id="cse" style="width: 80%;"> <div class="gcse-search"></div> </div> </div> </aside><aside id="text-13" class="widget widget_text clearfix"><div class="widget-header"><h3 class="widget-title">Subscribe to the News Room</h3></div> <div class="textwidget"><p><!-- Begin Mailchimp Signup Form --> <link href="//cdn-images.mailchimp.com/embedcode/horizontal-slim-10_7.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <style type="text/css"> #mc_embed_signup{background:#fff; clear:left; font:14px Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; width:100%;} /* Add your own Mailchimp form style overrides in your site stylesheet or in this style block. We recommend moving this block and the preceding CSS link to the HEAD of your HTML file. */ </style> <style type="text/css"> #mc-embedded-subscribe-form input[type=checkbox]{display: inline; width: auto;margin-right: 10px;} #mergeRow-gdpr {margin-top: 5px;} #mergeRow-gdpr fieldset label {font-weight: normal;} #mc-embedded-subscribe-form .mc_fieldset{border:none;min-height: 0px;padding-bottom:0px;} </style> <div id="mc_embed_signup"> <form action="https://ijrcenter.us4.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=b89fcf0ac2eb5845683e6c0ba&id=1c94a48c3c" method="post" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate" target="_blank" novalidate> <div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll"> <p> <input type="email" value="" name="EMAIL" class="email" id="mce-EMAIL" placeholder="email address" required><br /> <!-- real people should not fill this in and expect good things - do not remove this or risk form bot signups--></p> <div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;" aria-hidden="true"><input type="text" name="b_b89fcf0ac2eb5845683e6c0ba_1c94a48c3c" tabindex="-1" value=""></div> <div class="clear"><input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe" class="button"></div> </p></div> </form> </div> <p><!--End mc_embed_signup--></p> </div> </aside><aside id="search-4" class="widget widget_search clearfix"><div class="widget-header"><h3 class="widget-title">Search this Site</h3></div> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://ijrcenter.org/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" title="Search for:" /> </label> <button type="submit" class="search-submit"> <span class="genericon-search"></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search</span> </button> </form> </aside> </section><!-- #secondary --> </div><!-- #content --> <div id="footer-widgets-bg" class="footer-widgets-background"> <div id="footer-widgets-wrap" class="footer-widgets-wrap container"> <div id="footer-widgets" class="footer-widgets clearfix" role="complementary"> <div class="footer-widget-column widget-area"> <aside id="text-8" class="widget widget_text clearfix"><div class="widget-header"><h3 class="widget-title">About IJRC</h3></div> <div class="textwidget"><p align="left">The International Justice Resource Center (IJRC) informs, trains, and advises advocates and individual victims on using international and regional human rights protections to advance justice and accountability in their communities.</p></div> </aside> </div> <div class="footer-widget-column widget-area"> <aside id="text-9" class="widget widget_text clearfix"><div class="widget-header"><h3 class="widget-title">Donate Today!</h3></div> <div class="textwidget"><a href="https://www.paypal.com/us/webapps/mpp/search-cause?charityId=119060&s=3"><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-6481" src="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/PayPal-Giving-Fund.png" alt="PayPal Giving Fund" width="224" height="47" /></a> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="footer-widget-column widget-area"> <aside id="text-7" class="widget widget_text clearfix"><div class="widget-header"><h3 class="widget-title">Join Our Mailing List</h3></div> <div class="textwidget"><!-- Begin MailChimp Signup Form --> <link href="//cdn-images.mailchimp.com/embedcode/slim-081711.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <style type="text/css"> #mc_embed_signup{background:#fff; clear:left; font:14px Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; } /* Add your own MailChimp form style overrides in your site stylesheet or in this style block. We recommend moving this block and the preceding CSS link to the HEAD of your HTML file. */ </style> <div id="mc_embed_signup"> <form action="//ijrcenter.us4.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=b89fcf0ac2eb5845683e6c0ba&id=27c7d5a3fe" method="post" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate" target="_blank" novalidate> <div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll"> <label for="mce-EMAIL">Subscribe to our mailing list</label> <input type="email" value="" name="EMAIL" class="email" id="mce-EMAIL" placeholder="email address" required> <!-- real people should not fill this in and expect good things - do not remove this or risk form bot signups--> <div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;" aria-hidden="true"><input type="text" name="b_b89fcf0ac2eb5845683e6c0ba_27c7d5a3fe" tabindex="-1" value=""></div> <div class="clear"><input type="submit" value="Subscribe" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe" class="button"></div> </div> </form> </div> <!--End mc_embed_signup--></div> </aside> </div> <div class="footer-widget-column widget-area"> <aside id="media_image-2" class="widget widget_media_image clearfix"><img width="200" height="201" src="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/cropped-logo-no-text-298x300.jpg" class="image wp-image-3360 aligncenter attachment-200x201 size-200x201" alt="" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/cropped-logo-no-text-298x300.jpg 298w, https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/cropped-logo-no-text-150x150.jpg 150w, https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/cropped-logo-no-text.jpg 400w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" /></aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" class="footer-wrap"> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer clearfix" role="contentinfo"> <div id="footer-text" class="site-info"> <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>. </div><!-- .site-info --> </footer><!-- #colophon --> </div> </div><!-- #page --> <div class="wt-cli-cookie-bar-container" data-nosnippet="true"><!--googleoff: all--><div id="cookie-law-info-bar" role="dialog" aria-live="polite" aria-label="cookieconsent" aria-describedby="wt-cli-cookie-banner" data-cli-geo-loc="0" style="text-align:left; padding:15px 30px;" class="wt-cli-cookie-bar"><div class="cli-wrapper"><span id="wt-cli-cookie-banner">This website uses cookies to improve your experience. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish.<a id="wt-cli-accept-btn" tabindex="0" role='button' style="margin:5px 5px 5px 30px; border-radius:0; padding:8px 25px 8px 25px;" data-cli_action="accept" class="wt-cli-element medium cli-plugin-button cli-plugin-main-button cookie_action_close_header cli_action_button" >Accept</a> <a id="wt-cli-policy-link" tabindex="0" href="https://ijrcenter.org/privacy-policy" style="" target="_blank" class="wt-cli-element wt-cli-element cli-plugin-main-link" >Read More</a></span></div></div><div tabindex="0" id="cookie-law-info-again" style="display:none;"><span id="cookie_hdr_showagain">Privacy & Cookies Policy</span></div><div class="cli-modal" id="cliSettingsPopup" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="wt-cli-privacy-title" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="cli-modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="cli-modal-content cli-bar-popup"> <button aria-label="Close" type="button" class="cli-modal-close" id="cliModalClose"> <svg class="" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41l-1.41-1.41-5.59 5.59-5.59-5.59-1.41 1.41 5.59 5.59-5.59 5.59 1.41 1.41 5.59-5.59 5.59 5.59 1.41-1.41-5.59-5.59z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24h-24z" fill="none"></path></svg> <span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Close</span> </button> <div class="cli-modal-body"> <div class="wt-cli-element cli-container-fluid cli-tab-container"> <div class="cli-row"> <div class="cli-col-12 cli-align-items-stretch cli-px-0"> <div class="cli-privacy-overview"> <h4 id='wt-cli-privacy-title'>Privacy Overview</h4> <div class="cli-privacy-content"> <div class="cli-privacy-content-text">This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience.</div> </div> <a id="wt-cli-privacy-readmore" tabindex="0" role="button" class="cli-privacy-readmore" data-readmore-text="Show more" data-readless-text="Show less"></a> </div> </div> <div class="cli-col-12 cli-align-items-stretch cli-px-0 cli-tab-section-container" role="tablist"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-modal-footer"> <div class="wt-cli-element cli-container-fluid cli-tab-container"> <div class="cli-row"> <div class="cli-col-12 cli-align-items-stretch cli-px-0"> <div class="cli-tab-footer wt-cli-privacy-overview-actions"> <a id="wt-cli-privacy-save-btn" role="button" tabindex="0" data-cli-action="accept" class="wt-cli-privacy-btn cli_setting_save_button wt-cli-privacy-accept-btn cli-btn">Save & Accept</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-modal-backdrop cli-fade cli-settings-overlay"></div> <div class="cli-modal-backdrop cli-fade cli-popupbar-overlay"></div> <!--googleon: all--></div> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ cli_cookiebar_settings='{"animate_speed_hide":"500","animate_speed_show":"500","background":"#fff","border":"#444","border_on":false,"button_1_button_colour":"#000","button_1_button_hover":"#000000","button_1_link_colour":"#fff","button_1_as_button":true,"button_1_new_win":false,"button_2_button_colour":"#333","button_2_button_hover":"#292929","button_2_link_colour":"#444","button_2_as_button":false,"button_2_hidebar":false,"button_2_nofollow":false,"button_3_button_colour":"#000","button_3_button_hover":"#000000","button_3_link_colour":"#fff","button_3_as_button":true,"button_3_new_win":false,"button_4_button_colour":"#000","button_4_button_hover":"#000000","button_4_link_colour":"#fff","button_4_as_button":"fffffff","button_7_button_colour":"#61a229","button_7_button_hover":"#4e8221","button_7_link_colour":"#fff","button_7_as_button":true,"button_7_new_win":false,"font_family":"inherit","header_fix":false,"notify_animate_hide":true,"notify_animate_show":false,"notify_div_id":"#cookie-law-info-bar","notify_position_horizontal":"left","notify_position_vertical":"bottom","scroll_close":false,"scroll_close_reload":false,"accept_close_reload":false,"reject_close_reload":false,"showagain_tab":true,"showagain_background":"#fff","showagain_border":"#000","showagain_div_id":"#cookie-law-info-again","showagain_x_position":"100px","text":"#000","show_once_yn":true,"show_once":"30000","logging_on":false,"as_popup":false,"popup_overlay":true,"bar_heading_text":"","cookie_bar_as":"banner","cookie_setting_popup":true,"accept_all":true,"js_script_blocker":false,"popup_showagain_position":"bottom-right","widget_position":"left","button_1_style":[["margin","5px 5px 5px 30px"],["border-radius","0"],["padding","8px 25px 8px 25px"]],"button_2_style":[],"button_3_style":[["margin","5px 5px 5px 5px"],["border-radius","0"],["padding","8px 25px 8px 25px"]],"button_4_style":[["border-bottom","1px solid"],["text-decoration","none"],["text-decoration","none"]],"button_5_style":[["float","right"],["text-decoration","none"],["color","#333"]],"button_7_style":[["margin","5px 5px 5px 30px"],["border-radius","0"],["padding","8px 25px 8px 25px"]],"accept_close_page_navigation":false}'; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.WPCOM_sharing_counts = {"https:\/\/ijrcenter.org\/research-aids\/legal-analysis-books-articles-etc\/":194}; </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack_social_media_icons_widget-css' href='https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/widgets/social-media-icons/style.css?ver=20150602' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/plugins/table-of-contents-plus/front.min.js?ver=2411.1" id="toc-front-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202509.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"65641645\",\"post\":\"194\",\"tz\":\"-7\",\"srv\":\"ijrcenter.org\",\"j\":\"1:14.3\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "65641645", "194" ]); _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"65641645\",\"post\":\"194\",\"tz\":\"-7\",\"srv\":\"ijrcenter.org\",\"j\":\"1:14.3\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "65641645", "194" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1","is_stats_active":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://ijrcenter.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/build/sharedaddy/sharing.min.js?ver=14.3" id="sharing-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomtwitter', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=350' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomfacebook', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-linkedin' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomlinkedin', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=580,height=450' ); return false; } } ); } )(); /* ]]> */ </script> </body> </html>