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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lawsuits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawsuits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lawsuits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lawsuits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">alt attribute</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testu_alternativu" title="Testu alternativu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Testu alternativu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt-Text" title="Alt-Text – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alt-Text" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texto_alternativo" title="Texto alternativo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Texto alternativo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_textuelle" title="Alternative textuelle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alternative textuelle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt_%EC%86%8D%EC%84%B1" title="Alt 속성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Alt 속성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt_%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%82" title="Alt атрибут – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Alt атрибут" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt-attribuut" title="Alt-attribuut – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alt-attribuut" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7" title="Alt属性 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Alt属性" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atributo_alt" title="Atributo alt – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Atributo alt" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atribut_alt" title="Atribut alt – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Atribut alt" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt_atribut" title="Alt atribut – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Alt atribut" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt-text" title="Alt-text – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alt-text" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt_etiketi" title="Alt etiketi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alt etiketi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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href="/wiki/HTML_editor" title="HTML editor">HTML editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_encodings_in_HTML" title="Character encodings in HTML">Character encodings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" title="List of XML and HTML character entity references">named characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_and_HTML" title="Unicode and HTML">Unicode</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_code" title="Language code">Language code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">Document Object Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_Object_Model" title="Browser Object Model">Browser Object Model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_sheet_(web_development)" title="Style sheet (web development)">Style sheets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_family_(HTML)" title="Font family (HTML)">Font family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_colors" title="Web colors">Web colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebCL" title="WebCL">WebCL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTMX" class="mw-redirect" title="HTMX">HTMX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web3D" title="Web3D">Web3D</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebGL" title="WebGL">WebGL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebGPU" title="WebGPU">WebGPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebXR" title="WebXR">WebXR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W3C_Markup_Validation_Service" title="W3C Markup Validation Service">Validator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WHATWG" title="WHATWG">WHATWG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirks_mode" title="Quirks mode">Quirks mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_storage" title="Web storage">Web storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_engine" title="Browser engine">Rendering engine</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Comparisons</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_document_markup_languages" title="Comparison of document markup languages">Document markup languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_browser_engines" title="Comparison of browser engines">Comparison of browser engines</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:HTML" title="Template:HTML"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:HTML" title="Template talk:HTML"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:HTML" title="Special:EditPage/Template:HTML"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable plainlinks selfreference noprint">For the use of alt attributes in Wikipedia, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Alternative_text_for_images" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Alternative text for images">Wikipedia:Alternative text for images</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Alternative text that appears when a HTML element cannot be rendered</div> <p>The <b>alt attribute</b> is the <a href="/wiki/HTML_attribute" title="HTML attribute">HTML attribute</a> used in <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and <a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a> documents to specify alternative <a href="/wiki/Plain_text" title="Plain text">text</a> (<b>alt text</b>) that is to be displayed in place of an <a href="/wiki/HTML_element" title="HTML element">element</a> that cannot be rendered. The alt attribute is used for short descriptions, with longer descriptions using the <a href="/wiki/Longdesc_attribute" class="mw-redirect" title="Longdesc attribute">longdesc attribute</a>. The standards organization for the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C), recommends that every image displayed through HTML have an alt attribute, though the alt attribute does not need to contain text. The lack of proper alt attributes on website images has led to several accessibility-related lawsuits. </p><p>The alt attribute is used to increase accessibility and user friendliness, including for blind internet users who rely on special software for web browsing. The use of the alt attribute for images displayed within HTML is part of W3C's <a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines</a> (WCAG). <a href="/wiki/Screen_reader" title="Screen reader">Screen readers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Text-based_web_browser" title="Text-based web browser">text-based web browsers</a> read the alt attribute in place of the image. The text within the alt attribute substitutes the image when <a href="/wiki/Copy-paste" class="mw-redirect" title="Copy-paste">copy-pasted</a> as text and makes images more <a href="/wiki/Machine-readable_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Machine-readable data">machine-readable</a>, which improves <a href="/wiki/Search_engine_optimization" title="Search engine optimization">search engine optimization</a> (SEO). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alt_attribute&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The attribute was first introduced in the HTML 1.2 draft in 1993 to provide support for text-based browsers.<sup id="cite_ref-ietfiiir_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ietfiiir-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/HTML_4.01" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML 4.01">HTML 4.01</a>, which was released in 1999, the attribute was made to be a requirement for the img and area <a href="/wiki/HTML_tag" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML tag">tags</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-w3c1999_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w3c1999-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is optional for the input tag and the deprecated <a href="/wiki/Applet" title="Applet">applet</a> tag.<sup id="cite_ref-hazaël-massieux_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hazaël-massieux-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_7" title="Internet Explorer 7">Internet Explorer 7</a> and earlier render text in alt attributes as <a href="/wiki/Tooltip" title="Tooltip">tooltip</a> text, which is not compliant with the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> (W3C)'s HTML standards.<sup id="cite_ref-moz_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This behavior led many <a href="/wiki/Web_developer" title="Web developer">web developers</a> to misuse the alt attribute when they wished to display tooltips containing additional information about images, instead of using the title attribute that was intended for that use.<sup id="cite_ref-flavell_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flavell-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer_8" title="Internet Explorer 8">Internet Explorer 8</a>, released in 2009, alt attributes no longer render as tooltips on Internet Explorer.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alt_attribute&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alt_attribute_example.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Example image of what displays when the alt text is shown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Alt_attribute_example.png/220px-Alt_attribute_example.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Alt_attribute_example.png/330px-Alt_attribute_example.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Alt_attribute_example.png/440px-Alt_attribute_example.png 2x" data-file-width="858" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption>An example of alt attribute text being displayed in place of an unavailable image, with the underlying HTML displayed below it</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia_Wolf_article_displayed_on_Lynx.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A screenshot of a Wikipedia article using alt text in the Lynx browser" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Wikipedia_Wolf_article_displayed_on_Lynx.png/220px-Wikipedia_Wolf_article_displayed_on_Lynx.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Wikipedia_Wolf_article_displayed_on_Lynx.png/330px-Wikipedia_Wolf_article_displayed_on_Lynx.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Wikipedia_Wolf_article_displayed_on_Lynx.png/440px-Wikipedia_Wolf_article_displayed_on_Lynx.png 2x" data-file-width="782" data-file-height="632" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">Wikipedia article for Wolf</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Lynx_(web_browser)" title="Lynx (web browser)">Lynx web browser</a>, displaying the text of the alt attribute in orange in place of the images</figcaption></figure> <p>The text in the alt attribute is used to replace the image when the image cannot be loaded, without changing the intended meaning of the page's contents.<sup id="cite_ref-mozilladev_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mozilladev-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The W3C's web content accessibility guidelines state that the alt attribute is used to convey the meaning and intent of the image, rather than being a literal description of the image itself.<sup id="cite_ref-wcag_h37_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wcag_h37-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, an alt attribute for an image of an institution's logo should convey that it is the institution's logo rather than describing details of what the logo looks like.<sup id="cite_ref-sc_logo_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sc_logo-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The alt attribute is intended to be used for short and concise descriptions of the image. Longer descriptions can be given using the longdesc attribute, which provides more detailed information and complements but does not replace the alt attribute.<sup id="cite_ref-w3c1999_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w3c1999-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A screen reader such as <a href="/wiki/Orca_(assistive_technology)" title="Orca (assistive technology)">Orca</a> will read out the alt text in place of the image.<sup id="cite_ref-hofmann_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hofmann-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A text-based web browser such as <a href="/wiki/Lynx_(web_browser)" title="Lynx (web browser)">Lynx</a> will display the alt text instead of the image (or will display the value attribute if the image is a <a href="/wiki/Button_(computing)" title="Button (computing)">clickable button</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-lynxman_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lynxman-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A graphical browser typically will display only the image, and will display the alt text only if the user views the image's properties, or has configured the browser not to display images, or if the browser was unable to retrieve or to decode the image.<sup id="cite_ref-pennstate_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pennstate-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of descriptions in the alt attribute improves search engine optimization and allows image-specific search engines, such as <a href="/wiki/Google_Images" title="Google Images">Google Images</a>, to search for and display relevant images that are used on websites in search results.<sup id="cite_ref-googledev_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-googledev-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For non-image search results, the text within the alt attribute is read by search engines the same way that regular text on the page is read.<sup id="cite_ref-southern_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-southern-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The W3C recommends that images that convey no information, but are purely decorative, be specified in <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a> rather than in the HTML markup. If decorative images are rendered using HTML that do not add to the content and provide no additional information, then the W3C recommends that a blank alt attribute be included in the form of <code>alt=""</code>.<sup id="cite_ref-w3c_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w3c-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This makes the page more navigable for users of screen readers or non-graphical browsers by skipping over images that do not convey any meaning. If no alt attribute has been supplied, then browsers that cannot display the image will not overlook the image but instead will read or display the URL or another identifying marker.<sup id="cite_ref-solovieva_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solovieva-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This creates ambiguity since the user is generally unable to determine from a bare reading of a URL if the image is relevant to the text or if it is a purely decorative element of the webpage.<sup id="cite_ref-curl_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curl-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2021 <a href="/wiki/Google_Lighthouse" title="Google Lighthouse">Google Lighthouse</a> audit showed that 27% of alt text attributes audited were empty, despite the fact that the majority of those images were non-decorative informational images.<sup id="cite_ref-almanac_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-almanac-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lawsuits">Lawsuits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alt_attribute&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Lawsuits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There have been many lawsuits over website accessibility and the lack of proper alt attributes on websites.<sup id="cite_ref-solovieva_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solovieva-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Maguire_v_Sydney_Organising_Committee_for_the_Olympic_Games_(2000)" title="Maguire v Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (2000)">Maguire v Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games</a></i> was a 2000 lawsuit in which a blind man in Australia sued the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Organising_Committee_for_the_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games">Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games</a> because their website www.olympics.com was not accessible to him because of the lack of alt attributes on images.<sup id="cite_ref-white_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-white-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Australian Human Rights Commission">Australian Human Rights Commission</a> ruled that the website had discriminated against him for failing to conform to accessibility standards that enable blind individuals to navigate websites.<sup id="cite_ref-barkham_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barkham-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the lawsuit, the Australian commonwealth, state and territory governments issued a joint statement through the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Broadband,_Communications_and_the_Digital_Economy" title="Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy">Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy</a> that they were adopting the W3C's accessibility guidelines for all .gov.au websites.<sup id="cite_ref-dbcde_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dbcde-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, there have been several high-profile lawsuits involving the lack of alt attributes on images that cite a violation of the <a href="/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Americans with Disabilities Act">Americans with Disabilities Act</a> (ADA).<sup id="cite_ref-cohen_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cohen-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> gives the lack of alt attributes as an example of a barrier to website accessibility.<sup id="cite_ref-ada.gov_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ada.gov-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_the_Blind_v._Target_Corp." title="National Federation of the Blind v. Target Corp.">National Federation of the Blind v. Target Corp.</a></i> was a 2006 class-action lawsuit that alleged that <a href="/wiki/Target.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Target.com">Target.com</a> violated the ADA because the images did not use alt attributes.<sup id="cite_ref-daniels_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daniels-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This lawsuit set a legal precedent in the United States for website accessibility and compliance with the ADA.<sup id="cite_ref-frank_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frank-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alt_attribute&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ietfiiir-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ietfiiir_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBerners-LeeConnolly1993" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Berners-Lee, Tim</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dan_Connolly_(computer_scientist)" title="Dan Connolly (computer scientist)">Connolly, Daniel</a> (June 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/MarkUp/draft-ietf-iiir-html-01.txt">"Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Internet Draft version 1.2"</a>. 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