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Vienna Convention on Road Traffic - Wikipedia
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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_conventions_on_transit_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_conventions_on_transit_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>International conventions on transit transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_conventions_on_transit_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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المرور على الطرق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yol_h%C9%99r%C9%99k%C9%99ti_haqq%C4%B1nda_Vyana_Konvensiyas%C4%B1" title="Yol hərəkəti haqqında Vyana Konvensiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yol hərəkəti haqqında Vyana Konvensiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADde%C5%88sk%C3%A1_%C3%BAmluva_o_silni%C4%8Dn%C3%ADm_provozu" title="Vídeňská úmluva o silničním provozu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vídeňská úmluva o silničním provozu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener_%C3%9Cbereinkommen_%C3%BCber_den_Stra%C3%9Fenverkehr" title="Wiener Übereinkommen über den Straßenverkehr – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wiener Übereinkommen über den Straßenverkehr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viena_interkonsento_pri_trafiko" title="Viena interkonsento pri trafiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Viena interkonsento pri trafiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="کنوانسیون وین درباره ترافیک راهها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کنوانسیون وین درباره ترافیک راهها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_de_Vienne_sur_la_circulation_routi%C3%A8re" title="Convention de Vienne sur la circulation routière – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Convention de Vienne sur la circulation routière" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konvensi_Wina_tentang_Lalu_Lintas_Jalan" title="Konvensi Wina tentang Lalu Lintas Jalan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konvensi Wina tentang Lalu Lintas Jalan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convenzione_di_Vienna_sulla_circolazione_stradale" title="Convenzione di Vienna sulla circolazione stradale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Convenzione di Vienna sulla circolazione stradale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אמנת וינה בדבר תעבורה בדרכים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמנת וינה בדבר תעבורה בדרכים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%B7%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Жол қозғалысы туралы Вена конвенциясы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жол қозғалысы туралы Вена конвенциясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%ABnes_konvencija_par_ce%C4%BCu_satiksmi" title="Vīnes konvencija par ceļu satiksmi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vīnes konvencija par ceļu satiksmi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%85%D3%A9%D0%B4%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B3%D3%A9%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Замын хөдөлгөөний тухай Венийн конвенц – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Замын хөдөлгөөний тухай Венийн конвенц" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdrag_van_Wenen_inzake_het_wegverkeer" title="Verdrag van Wenen inzake het wegverkeer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verdrag van Wenen inzake het wegverkeer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E6%9D%A1%E7%B4%84_(1968%E5%B9%B4)" title="道路交通に関する条約 (1968年) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="道路交通に関する条約 (1968年)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/FN-konvensjonen_om_veitrafikk" title="FN-konvensjonen om veitrafikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="FN-konvensjonen om veitrafikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konwencja_wiede%C5%84ska_o_ruchu_drogowym" title="Konwencja wiedeńska o ruchu drogowym – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Konwencja wiedeńska o ruchu drogowym" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conven%C3%A7%C3%A3o_sobre_Tr%C3%A2nsito_Vi%C3%A1rio" title="Convenção sobre Trânsito Viário – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Convenção sobre Trânsito Viário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conven%C8%9Bia_de_la_Viena_privind_traficul_rutier" title="Convenția de la Viena privind traficul rutier – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Convenția de la Viena privind traficul rutier" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Венская конвенция о дорожном движении – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Венская конвенция о дорожном движении" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konvention_om_v%C3%A4gtrafik" title="Konvention om vägtrafik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Konvention om vägtrafik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viyana_Karayolu_Trafik_S%C3%B6zle%C5%9Fmesi" title="Viyana Karayolu Trafik Sözleşmesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Viyana Karayolu Trafik Sözleşmesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85" title="Віденська конвенція про дорожній рух – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Віденська конвенція про дорожній рух" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4ng_%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Vi%C3%AAn_v%E1%BB%81_Giao_th%C3%B4ng_%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_b%E1%BB%99" title="Công ước Viên về Giao thông đường bộ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Công ước Viên về Giao thông đường bộ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="维也纳道路交通公约 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="维也纳道路交通公约" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q697986#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">Convention on Road Traffic</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Traffic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Traffic.svg/350px-Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Traffic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Traffic.svg/525px-Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Traffic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Traffic.svg/700px-Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Traffic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2755" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">Participation in the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#009664; color:black;"> </span> Signed and ratified</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00dc6e; color:black;"> </span> Acceded or succeeded</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ffbe28; color:black;"> </span> Signatory only</div> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed</th><td class="infobox-data">8 November 1968</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location">Vienna</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Effective</th><td class="infobox-data">21 May 1977</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signatories</th><td class="infobox-data attendee plainlist">36</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parties</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;"><div>86<sup id="cite_ref-status_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-status-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Uganda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uganda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uzbekistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Depositary</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">UN Secretary-General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">English, French, Chinese, Russian and Spanish</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Full text</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/16px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/32px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Traffic" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Vienna Convention on Road Traffic">Vienna Convention on Road Traffic</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Convention on Road Traffic</b>, commonly known as the <b>Vienna Convention on Road Traffic</b>, is an international <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">treaty</a> designed to facilitate international road traffic and to increase road safety by establishing <a href="/wiki/Traffic#Rules_of_the_road" title="Traffic">standard traffic rules</a> among the contracting parties. The convention was agreed upon at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">United Nations Economic and Social Council</a>'s Conference on Road Traffic (7 October – 8 November 1968) and concluded in Vienna on 8 November 1968. This conference also produced the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Signs_and_Signals" title="Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals">Convention on Road Signs and Signals</a>. The convention had amendments on 3 September 1993 and 28 March 2006. There is a European Agreement supplementing the Convention on Road Traffic (1968), which was concluded in Geneva on 1 May 1971. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contracting_parties">Contracting parties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Traffic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Contracting parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Vienna Convention on Road Traffic was concluded at Vienna on 8 November 1968. Since its entry into force on 21 May 1977, in signatory countries ("Contracting Parties") it replaces previous road traffic conventions, notably the 1949 <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Convention_on_Road_Traffic" title="Geneva Convention on Road Traffic">Geneva Convention on Road Traffic</a>, in accordance with Article 48 of the convention. As of October 2022, the convention has been ratified by 86 countries, but those who have not ratified the convention may still be parties to the 1949 <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Convention_on_Road_Traffic" title="Geneva Convention on Road Traffic">Geneva Convention on Road Traffic</a>. Ireland, Canada, the United States, Cyprus, Iceland, Malta, China and Malaysia are examples of non-signatory countries. Several other countries, such as Spain and Mexico, have signed the convention but have not ratified it.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cross-border_vehicles">Cross-border vehicles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Traffic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cross-border vehicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:341px;max-width:341px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:174px;max-width:174px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:112px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:D_international_vehicle_registration_oval.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/D_international_vehicle_registration_oval.svg/172px-D_international_vehicle_registration_oval.svg.png" decoding="async" width="172" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/D_international_vehicle_registration_oval.svg/258px-D_international_vehicle_registration_oval.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/D_international_vehicle_registration_oval.svg/344px-D_international_vehicle_registration_oval.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="262" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:53px;max-width:53px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:112px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EU-section-with-D.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/EU-section-with-D.svg/51px-EU-section-with-D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/EU-section-with-D.svg/77px-EU-section-with-D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/EU-section-with-D.svg/102px-EU-section-with-D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:53px;max-width:53px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:112px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Non-EU-section-with-N.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Non-EU-section-with-N.svg/51px-Non-EU-section-with-N.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Non-EU-section-with-N.svg/77px-Non-EU-section-with-N.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Non-EU-section-with-N.svg/102px-Non-EU-section-with-N.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:53px;max-width:53px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:112px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Non-EU-section-with-BY.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Non-EU-section-with-BY.svg/51px-Non-EU-section-with-BY.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Non-EU-section-with-BY.svg/77px-Non-EU-section-with-BY.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Non-EU-section-with-BY.svg/102px-Non-EU-section-with-BY.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Distinguishing sign of the state of registration as a separate sign and as a field incorporated into the vehicle registration plate. <b>D</b> denotes Deutschland (Germany), <b>N</b> denotes Norge (Norway) and <b>BY</b> denotes Belarus.</div></div></div></div> <p>One of the main benefits of the convention for motorists is the obligation on signatory countries to recognize the legality of vehicles from other signatory countries. The following requirements must be met when driving outside the country of registration: </p> <ul><li>Cars must display their registration number at the front and rear, even if legislation in the jurisdiction of registration does not require a front <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">vehicle registration plate</a> on cars. Motorcycles need to display their registration number only at the rear. Registration numbers must be composed either of numerals or of numerals and letters. They must be displayed in capital <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin characters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabic_numerals" title="Arabic numerals">Arabic numerals</a>. In addition to this, the registration number may optionally be displayed in a different alphabet.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/International_vehicle_registration_code" title="International vehicle registration code">distinguishing sign of the country of registration</a> must be displayed on the rear of the vehicle. This sign may either be placed separately from the registration plate or may be incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">vehicle registration plate</a>.</li> <li>The physical requirements for the separate sign are defined in Annex 3 of the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, which states that the letters shall be in black on a white background having the shape of an ellipse with the major axis horizontal. The distinguishing sign should not be affixed in such a way that it could be confused with the registration number or impair its legibility.</li> <li>When the distinguishing sign is incorporated into the registration plate, it must also appear on the front registration plate of the vehicle, and may be supplemented with the flag or emblem of the national state, or the emblem of the regional economic integration organization to which the country belongs. The distinguishing sign should be displayed on the far left or far right on the registration plate. When a symbol/flag/emblem is also displayed, the distinguishing sign shall obligatorily be placed on the far left on the plate. The distinguishing sign shall be positioned to be easily identifiable and so that it cannot be confused with the registration number or impair its legibility. The distinguishing sign shall therefore be at least a different color from the registration number, or have a different background color to that reserved for the registration number, or be clearly separated from the registration number, preferably with a line.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The vehicle must meet all technical requirements to be legal for road use in the country of registration. Any conflicting technical requirements (e.g., right-hand-drive or left-hand-drive) in the signatory country where the vehicle is being driven do not apply.</li> <li>The driver must carry the vehicle's registration certificate, and if the vehicle is not registered in the name of an occupant of the vehicle (e.g., a <a href="/wiki/Hire_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Hire car">hire car</a>), proof of the driver's right to be in possession of the vehicle.</li></ul> <p>The convention also addresses minimum mechanical and safety equipment needed to be on board and defines an <b>identification mark</b> (Annex 4) to identify the origin of the vehicle. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vienna_Convention_and_autonomous_driving">Vienna Convention and autonomous driving</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Traffic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vienna Convention and autonomous driving"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the fundamental principles of the convention has been the concept that a <a href="/wiki/Driver_(person)" class="mw-redirect" title="Driver (person)">driver</a> is always fully in control and responsible for the behavior of a vehicle in traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This requirement is challenged by the development of technology for <a href="/wiki/Collision_avoidance_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Collision avoidance systems">collision avoidance systems</a> and <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_driving" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous driving">autonomous driving</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Since 2021, an <a href="/wiki/Automated_driving_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Automated driving system">automated driving system</a> definition is proposed — in Article 1 of Convention on Road Traffic<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — as a vehicle system that uses both hardware and software to exercise dynamic control of a vehicle on a sustained basis where Dynamic control is defined as carrying out all the real-time operational and tactical functions required to move the vehicle. This includes controlling the vehicle's lateral and longitudinal motion, monitoring the road, responding to events in the road traffic, and planning and signalling for manoeuvres. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The requirement that every moving vehicle or combination of vehicles shall have a driver is deemed to be satisfied while the vehicle is using an automated driving system which complies with: </p><p>(a) domestic technical regulations, and any applicable international legal instrument, concerning wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted and/or be used on wheeled vehicles, and </p><p>(b) domestic legislation governing operation. </p><p> The effect of this Article is limited to the territory of the Contracting Party where the relevant domestic technical regulations and legislation governing operation apply.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Article 34 bis, Automated driving (proposed amendment)</cite></div></blockquote> <p>According to a British explanatory Memorandum on the Proposal of Amendment to Article 1 and new Article 34 <span style="font-variant:small-caps">bis</span> of the 1968 Convention on Road Traffic, this amendment should enter into force 18 months following the date of its circulation, on 14 July 2022, unless it is rejected before 13 January 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_Driving_Permit">International Driving Permit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Traffic&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: International Driving Permit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Vienna Convention on Road Traffic is the newest of three conventions that governs <a href="/wiki/International_Driving_Permit" title="International Driving Permit">International Driving Permits</a>. The other two are the 1926 Paris International Convention relative to Motor Traffic and the 1949 <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Convention_on_Road_Traffic" title="Geneva Convention on Road Traffic">Geneva Convention on Road Traffic</a>. When a state is contracting to more than one convention, the newest one terminates and replaces previous ones in relations between those states. </p><p>The main regulations about driving licences are in Annex 6 (domestic driving permit) and Annex 7 (International Driving Permit). The currently active version of those is in force in each contracting party since no later than 29 March 2011 (Article 43). According to the 1968 Vienna Convention, an IDP must have an expiration date of no more than three years from its issue date or until the expiration date of national driving permit, whichever is earlier, and it is valid for a period of one year upon the arrival in the foreign country.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Cannot see a mention validity for one year upon the arrival in the 1968 convention (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Article 41 of the convention describes requirements for <a href="/wiki/Driving_licences" class="mw-redirect" title="Driving licences">driving licences</a>. Key of those are: </p> <ul><li>every driver of a motor vehicle must hold a driving licence;</li> <li>driving licences can be issued only after passing theoretical and practical exams, which are regulated by each country or jurisdiction;</li> <li>Contracting parties shall recognize as valid for driving in their territories: <ul><li>any domestic driving licence drawn up in their national language or in one of their national languages, or, if not drawn up in such a language, accompanied by a certified translation;</li> <li>domestic driving licence conforms to the provisions of annex 6 to the convention;</li> <li>International Driving Permit conforms to the provisions of annex 7 to the convention, on condition that it is presented with the corresponding domestic driving licence;</li></ul></li> <li>driving licences issued by a contracting party shall be recognised in the territory of another contracting party until this territory becomes the place of normal residence of their holder;</li> <li>all of the above does not apply to learner-driver licences;</li> <li>the period of validity of an international driving permit shall be either no more than three years after the date of issue or until the date of expiry of the domestic driving licence, whichever is earlier;</li> <li>Contracting parties may refuse to recognise the validity of driving licences for persons under eighteen or, for categories C, D, CE and DE, under twenty-one;</li> <li>an international driving permit shall only be issued by the contracting party in whose territory the holder has their normal residence and that issued the domestic driving licence or that recognised the driving licence issued by another contracting party; it shall not be valid for use in that territory.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Licence categories according to the 1968 convention applicable from 29 March 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-unece.org_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unece.org-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Cate­gory</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Cate­gory</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>A</b></div></td> <td>Motorcycles </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>A1</b></div></td> <td>Motorcycles with a cubic capacity not exceeding 125 cm³ and a power not exceeding 11 kW (light motorcycles) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>B</b></div></td> <td>Motor vehicles, other than those in category A, having a permissible maximum mass not exceeding 3,500 kg and not more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat; or motor vehicles of category В coupled to a trailer the permissible maximum mass of which does not exceed 750 kg; or motor vehicles of category В coupled to a trailer the permissible maximum mass of which exceeds 750 kg but does not exceed the unladen mass of the motor vehicle, where the combined permissible maximum mass of the vehicles so coupled does not exceed 3,500 kg </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>B1</b></div></td> <td>Motor tricycles and quadricycles </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>C</b></div></td> <td>Motor vehicles, other than those in category D, having a permissible maximum mass exceeding 3,500 kg; or motor vehicles of category С coupled to a trailer the permissible maximum mass of which does not exceed 750 kg </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>C1</b></div></td> <td>Motor vehicles, with the exception of those in category D, the permissible maximum mass of which exceeds 3,500 kg but does not exceed 7,500 kg; or motor vehicles of subcategory C1 coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum mass of which does not exceed 750 kg </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>D</b></div></td> <td>Motor vehicles used for the carriage of passengers and having more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat; or motor vehicles of category D coupled to a trailer the permissible maximum mass of which does not exceed 750 kg </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>D1</b></div></td> <td>Motor vehicles used for the carriage of passengers and having more than 8 seats in addition to the driver's seat but not more than 16 seats in addition to the driver's seat; or motor vehicles of subcategory D1 coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum mass of which does not exceed 750 kg </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>BE</b></div></td> <td>Motor vehicles of category В coupled to a trailer the permissible maximum mass of which exceeds 750<span class="nowrap"> </span>kg and exceeds the unladen mass of the motor vehicle; or motor vehicles of category В coupled to a trailer the permissible maximum mass of which exceeds 750 kg, where the combined permissible maximum mass of the vehicles so coupled exceeds 3,500 kg </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>CE</b></div></td> <td>Motor vehicles of category С coupled to a trailer whose permissible maximum mass exceeds 750 kg </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>C1E</b></div></td> <td>Motor vehicles of subcategory C1 coupled to a trailer the permissible maximum mass of which exceeds 750 kg but does not exceed the unladen mass of the motor vehicle, where the combined permissible maximum mass of the vehicles so coupled does not exceed 12,000 kg </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>DE</b></div></td> <td>Motor vehicles of category D coupled to a trailer whose permissible maximum mass exceeds 750 kg </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>D1E</b></div></td> <td>Motor vehicles of subcategory D1 coupled to a trailer, not used for the carriage of persons, the permissible maximum mass of which exceeds 750 kg but does not exceed the unladen mass of the motor vehicle, where the combined permissible maximum mass of the vehicles so coupled does not exceed 12,000 kg </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Prior to 29 March 2011, annex 6 and annex 7 defined forms of driver's licences that are different from those defined after that date. Driving licences issued before 29 March 2011 that match older edition of the annexes are valid until their expiration dates (article 43). </p><p>Before 29 March 2011 the convention demanded contracting parties to recognise as valid for driving in their territories: </p> <ul><li>any domestic driver's licence drawn up in their national language or in one of their national languages, or, if not drawn up in such a language, accompanied by a certified translation;</li> <li>any domestic driver's licence conforming to the provisions of annex 6 to the convention; and</li> <li>any international driver permit conforming to the provisions of annex 7 to the convention.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_conventions_on_transit_transport">International conventions on transit transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Traffic&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: International conventions on transit transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The broad objective of these international conventions and agreements, the depositary of which is the Secretary-General of the United Nations, is to facilitate international transport while providing for a high level of safety, security, and environmental protection in transport: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATP_(treaty)" title="ATP (treaty)">Agreement on the International Carriage of Perishable Foodstuffs and on the Special Equipment to be used for such Carriage (ATP)</a> (1970)</li> <li>Convention on Customs Treatment of Pool Containers Used in International Transport (1994)</li> <li>Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods By Road (1956) and its protocol (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_concerning_Customs_Facilities_for_Touring" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention concerning Customs Facilities for Touring">Convention concerning Customs Facilities for Touring</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Convention_on_Containers" title="Customs Convention on Containers">Customs Convention on Containers</a> (1956, 1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Convention_on_the_Temporary_Importation_of_Commercial_Road_Vehicles" title="Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation of Commercial Road Vehicles">Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation of Commercial Road Vehicles</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_Convention_on_the_Temporary_Importation_of_Private_Road_Vehicles" title="Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation of Private Road Vehicles">Customs Convention on the Temporary Importation of Private Road Vehicles</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADR_(treaty)" title="ADR (treaty)">European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR)</a> (1957) and its Protocol amending articles 1 and 14 (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Convention_on_Road_Traffic" title="Geneva Convention on Road Traffic">Geneva Convention on Road Traffic</a> (1949)</li> <li>European Agreement concerning the Work of Crews of Vehicles engaged in International Road Transport (1970)</li> <li>International Convention to Facilitate the Crossing of Frontiers for Passengers and Baggage Carried by Rail (1952)</li> <li>International Convention to Facilitate the Crossing of Frontiers for Goods Carried by Rail (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_the_Harmonization_of_Frontier_Controls_of_Goods" title="International Convention on the Harmonization of Frontier Controls of Goods">International Convention on the Harmonization of Frontier Controls of Goods</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIR_Convention" title="TIR Convention">TIR Convention</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Traffic&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Signs_and_Signals" title="Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals">Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_vehicle_registration_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of international vehicle registration codes">List of international vehicle registration codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Driving_Permit" title="International Driving Permit">International Driving Permit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic#Rules_of_the_road" title="Traffic">Rules of the road</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Traffic&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-status-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-status_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-19&chapter=11&Temp=mtdsg3&clang=_en">"Status of 19. Convention on Road Traffic"</a>. United Nations<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Status+of+19.+Convention+on+Road+Traffic&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2FPages%2FViewDetailsIII.aspx%3Fsrc%3DTREATY%26mtdsg_no%3DXI-B-19%26chapter%3D11%26Temp%3Dmtdsg3%26clang%3D_en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVienna+Convention+on+Road+Traffic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-19&chapter=11&Temp=mtdsg3&lang=en">"UNTC"</a>. 2020-08-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNTC&rft.date=2020-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftreaties.un.org%2FPages%2FViewDetailsIII.aspx%3Fsrc%3DTREATY%26mtdsg_no%3DXI-B-19%26chapter%3D11%26Temp%3Dmtdsg3%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVienna+Convention+on+Road+Traffic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.international-driving-permit.com/Convention-on-Road-Traffic/8-November-1968/EN/Annexex/Annex-3-Distinguishing-Sign-of-Motor-Vehicles-and-Trailers-to-International-Traffic.aspx">"Annexes- Distinguishing Sign of Motor Vehicles and Trailers to International Traffic- Convention on Road Traffic on 8 November 1968"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annexes-+Distinguishing+Sign+of+Motor+Vehicles+and+Trailers+to+International+Traffic-+Convention+on+Road+Traffic+on+8+November+1968&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.international-driving-permit.com%2FConvention-on-Road-Traffic%2F8-November-1968%2FEN%2FAnnexex%2FAnnex-3-Distinguishing-Sign-of-Motor-Vehicles-and-Trailers-to-International-Traffic.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVienna+Convention+on+Road+Traffic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 37 - Distinguishing sign of the State of registration | Vienna Convention on Road Traffic (Consolidated version)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalautoregs.com/rules/157-1968-vienna-convention-on-road-traffic">"GAR | 1968 Vienna Convention"</a>. <i>globalautoregs.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=globalautoregs.com&rft.atitle=GAR+%26%23124%3B+1968+Vienna+Convention&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalautoregs.com%2Frules%2F157-1968-vienna-convention-on-road-traffic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVienna+Convention+on+Road+Traffic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ECE/TRANS/WP.1/173/Add.1 Report of the Global Forum for Road Traffic Safety on its eighty-first session, Addendum, Amendments to Article 1 and new Article 34bis, 1968 Convention on Road Traffic</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/Trudy_Harrison" title="Trudy Harrison">Harrison, Trudy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1023594/EM_MS_5.2021_Proposal_Amendment_1968_Convention_Road_Traffic.odt">Explanatory Memorandum on the Proposal of Amendment to Article 1 and new Article 34 BIS of the 1968 Convention on Road Traffic</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Government_Digital_Service" title="Government Digital Service">Government Digital Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Explanatory+Memorandum+on+the+Proposal+of+Amendment+to+Article+1+and+new+Article+34+BIS+of+the+1968+Convention+on+Road+Traffic&rft.pub=Government+Digital+Service&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Trudy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F1023594%2FEM_MS_5.2021_Proposal_Amendment_1968_Convention_Road_Traffic.odt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVienna+Convention+on+Road+Traffic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unece.org-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unece.org_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/conventn/Conv_road_traffic_EN.pdf">"1968 Convention on Road Traffic (2006 consolidated version) in English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese and Arabic"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>unece.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unece.org&rft.atitle=1968+Convention+on+Road+Traffic+%282006+consolidated+version%29+in+English%2C+French%2C+Spanish%2C+Russian%2C+Chinese+and+Arabic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unece.org%2Ffileadmin%2FDAM%2Ftrans%2Fconventn%2FConv_road_traffic_EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVienna+Convention+on+Road+Traffic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/main/wp1/wp1doc/International_Driving_Permit_Categories.pdf">International Driving Permit Categories - 1968 convention on road traffic (differences between International Driving Permit Categories in 1968 convention and EU driving licence directive 2006), unece.org</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Traffic&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-19&chapter=11&Temp=mtdsg3&lang=en">Ratifications (list of countries)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unece.org/DAM/trans/conventn/Conv_road_traffic_EN.pdf">Vienna Convention on Road Traffic (Consolidated version as at 28 March 2006)</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unece.org/DAM/trans/conventn/Distsigns.pdf">Distinguishing signs used on vehicles in international traffic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1977/05/19770524%2000-13%20AM/Ch_XI_B_19.pdf">Official text of the Convention on Road Traffic in English, French, Chinese, Russian and Spanish</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Traffic_signs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Traffic_signs" title="Template:Traffic signs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Traffic_signs" title="Template talk:Traffic signs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Traffic_signs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Traffic signs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Traffic_signs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Traffic_sign" title="Traffic sign">Traffic signs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Signs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_speed_limit" title="Advisory speed limit">Advisory speed limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilingual_sign" title="Bilingual sign">Bilingual sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossbuck" title="Crossbuck">Crossbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_end_street#Signage" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead end street">Dead end sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driver_location_sign" title="Driver location sign">Driver location signs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logo_sign" title="Logo sign">Logo sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-way_traffic" title="One-way traffic">One-way traffic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_sign" title="Regulatory sign">Regulatory sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_limit" title="Speed limit">Speed limit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Speed_limits_by_country" title="Speed limits by country">by country</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourist_sign" title="Tourist sign">Tourist sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable-message_sign" title="Variable-message sign">Variable-message sign</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Priority_signs" title="Priority signs">Priority signs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Priority_to_the_right" title="Priority to the right">Priority to the right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_sign" title="Stop sign">Stop sign</a> (<a href="/wiki/All-way_stop" title="All-way stop">all way</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yield_sign" title="Yield sign">Give Way / Yield sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filter_in_turn" title="Filter in turn">Filter in turn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Signs_and_Signals" title="Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals">Vienna Convention Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warning_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Warning sign">Warning sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priority_signs" title="Priority signs">Priority signs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibitory_traffic_sign" title="Prohibitory traffic sign">Prohibitory traffic sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_sign" title="Mandatory sign">Mandatory sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_regulation_sign" title="Special regulation sign">Special regulation sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Information sign">Information sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direction,_position,_or_indication_sign" title="Direction, position, or indication sign">Direction, position, or indication sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traffic_signs_by_country" title="Traffic signs by country">By country</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Angola" title="Road signs in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Botswana" title="Road signs in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Mauritius" title="Road signs in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Namibia" title="Road signs in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_South_Africa" title="Road signs in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Tanzania" class="mw-redirect" title="Road signs in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Uganda" title="Road signs in Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Armenia" title="Road signs in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Azerbaijan" title="Road signs in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Bangladesh" title="Road signs in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Cambodia" title="Road signs in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_China" title="Road signs in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Hong_Kong" title="Road signs in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Macau" title="Road signs in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Cyprus" title="Road signs in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Georgia" title="Road signs in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_India" title="Road signs in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Indonesia" title="Road signs in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Iran" title="Road signs in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Israel" title="Road signs in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Japan" title="Road signs in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Kazakhstan" title="Road signs in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Road signs in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Laos" title="Road signs in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Malaysia" title="Road signs in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Mongolia" title="Road signs in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Nepal" title="Road signs in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Pakistan" title="Road signs in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_the_Philippines" title="Road signs in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Road signs in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Singapore" title="Road signs in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_South_Korea" title="Road signs in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Road signs in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Tajikistan" title="Road signs in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Thailand" title="Road signs in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Turkey" title="Road signs in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Turkmenistan" title="Road signs in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Road signs in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Uzbekistan" title="Road signs in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Vietnam" title="Road signs in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_European_road_signs" title="Comparison of European road signs">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Armenia" title="Road signs in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Austria" title="Road signs in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Azerbaijan" title="Road signs in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Belarus" title="Road signs in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Belgium" title="Road signs in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Road signs in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Bulgaria" title="Road signs in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Croatia" title="Road signs in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Cyprus" title="Road signs in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Road signs in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Denmark" title="Road signs in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Estonia" title="Road signs in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Finland" title="Road signs in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_France" title="Road signs in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Georgia" title="Road signs in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Germany" title="Road signs in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Greece" title="Road signs in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Hungary" title="Road signs in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Iceland" title="Road signs in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Ireland" title="Road signs in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Italy" title="Road signs in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Latvia" title="Road signs in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Switzerland_and_Liechtenstein" title="Road signs in Switzerland and Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Lithuania" title="Road signs in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Malta" title="Road signs in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Montenegro" title="Road signs in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_the_Netherlands" title="Road signs in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_North_Macedonia" title="Road signs in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Norway" title="Road signs in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Poland" title="Road signs in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Portugal" title="Road signs in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Romania" title="Road signs in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Russia" title="Road signs in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Serbia" title="Road signs in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Spain" title="Road signs in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Sweden" title="Road signs in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Switzerland_and_Liechtenstein" title="Road signs in Switzerland and Liechtenstein">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Turkey" title="Road signs in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Ukraine" title="Road signs in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Road signs in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_road_signs_in_Scotland" title="Gaelic road signs in Scotland">Gaelic-speaking Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Wales" title="Road signs in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Canada" title="Road signs in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Cuba" title="Road signs in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Jamaica" title="Road signs in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Mexico" title="Road signs in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_the_United_States" title="Road signs in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Road signs in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_signs_in_Central_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Road signs in Central America (page does not exist)">SICA</a> <ul><li>Costa Rica</li> <li>El Salvador</li> <li>Guatemala</li> <li>Honduras</li> <li>Nicaragua</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Australia" title="Road signs in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_New_Zealand" title="Road signs in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_South_America" title="Road signs in South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Argentina" title="Road signs in Argentina">Argentina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Visual_Plan" title="Buenos Aires Visual Plan">Buenos Aires</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Road_signs_in_Bolivia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Road signs in Bolivia (page does not exist)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Brazil" title="Road signs in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Chile" title="Road signs in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Colombia" title="Road signs in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_Ecuador" title="Road signs in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Road_signs_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Road signs in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_signs_in_post-Soviet_states" title="Traffic signs in post-Soviet states">Traffic signs in post-Soviet states</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_light" title="Traffic light">Traffic light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variations_in_traffic_light_operation" title="Variations in traffic light operation">Variations in traffic light operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_light_control_and_coordination" title="Traffic light control and coordination">Traffic light control and coordination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Typefaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arial" title="Arial">Arial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTRA-Frutiger" class="mw-redirect" title="ASTRA-Frutiger">ASTRA-Frutiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria_(typeface)" title="Austria (typeface)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caract%C3%A8res" title="Caractères">Caractères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarendon_(typeface)" title="Clarendon (typeface)">Clarendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearview_(typeface)" title="Clearview (typeface)">Clearview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_1451" title="DIN 1451">DIN 1451</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_Gothic" title="Highway Gothic">Highway Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LLM_Lettering" title="LLM Lettering">LLM Lettering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorway_(typeface)" title="Motorway (typeface)">Motorway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPS_Rawlinson_Roadway" title="NPS Rawlinson Roadway">NPS Rawlinson Roadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panno_(typeface)" title="Panno (typeface)">Panno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_road_signs_typeface" title="Polish road signs typeface">Polish road signs typeface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_Alphabet" title="Rail Alphabet">Rail Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotis" title="Rotis">Rotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNV_(typeface)" title="SNV (typeface)">SNV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tern_(typeface)" title="Tern (typeface)">Tern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafikkalfabetet" title="Trafikkalfabetet">Trafikkalfabetet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_(typeface)" title="Transport (typeface)">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tratex" title="Tratex">Tratex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International conventions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Convention_on_Road_Traffic" title="Geneva Convention on Road Traffic">Geneva</a></li> <li>Vienna <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Traffic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Signs_and_Signals" title="Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals">Road signs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Manual_on_Uniform_Traffic_Control_Devices" title="Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices">Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices</a></i> (US)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_Signs_Regulations_and_General_Directions" title="Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions">Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions</a> (UK)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_Asian_road_signs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comparison of Asian road signs (page does not exist)">Comparison of Asian road signs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_European_road_signs" title="Comparison of European road signs">Comparison of European road signs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_MUTCD-influenced_traffic_signs" title="Comparison of MUTCD-influenced traffic signs">Comparison of MUTCD-influenced traffic signs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_traffic_signs_in_English-speaking_territories" title="Comparison of traffic signs in English-speaking territories">Comparison of traffic signs in English-speaking territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐65766dc7f8‐8tmk8 Cached time: 20241210044348 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.821 seconds Real time usage: 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