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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cultural significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compressed_digital_audio_and_the_future_of_boomboxes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compressed_digital_audio_and_the_future_of_boomboxes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Compressed digital audio and the future of boomboxes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compressed_digital_audio_and_the_future_of_boomboxes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocasset" title="Radiocasset – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Radiocasset" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiomagnetofon" title="Radiomagnetofon – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Radiomagnetofon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghettoblaster" title="Ghettoblaster – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ghettoblaster" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiorekorder" title="Radiorekorder – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Radiorekorder" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocasete" title="Radiocasete – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Radiocasete" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiokasedilo" title="Radiokasedilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Radiokasedilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrati-kasete" title="Irrati-kasete – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Irrati-kasete" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="رادیو-کاست – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رادیو-کاست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-cassette" title="Radio-cassette – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Radio-cassette" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%90%EB%B0%95%EC%8A%A4" title="붐박스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="붐박스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boombox" title="Boombox – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Boombox" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioregistratore" title="Radioregistratore – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Radioregistratore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Магнитола – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Магнитола" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boombox" title="Boombox – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Boombox" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettoblaster" title="Gettoblaster – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gettoblaster" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AA%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BB%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC" title="ラジオカセットレコーダー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラジオカセットレコーダー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettoblaster" title="Gettoblaster – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gettoblaster" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiomagnetofon" title="Radiomagnetofon – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Radiomagnetofon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Бумбокс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бумбокс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergspr%C3%A4ngare_(stereoanl%C3%A4ggning)" title="Bergsprängare (stereoanläggning) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bergsprängare (stereoanläggning)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="บูมบอกซ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บูมบอกซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boombox" title="Boombox – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Boombox" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9)" title="Бумбокс (пристрій) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бумбокс (пристрій)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%8F%90%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%BF" title="手提音響 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="手提音響" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Boombox_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Boombox (disambiguation)">Boombox (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ghettoblaster" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ghettoblaster_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ghettoblaster (disambiguation)">Ghettoblaster (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Boombox" title="Special:EditPage/Boombox">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Boombox%22">"Boombox"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Boombox%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Boombox%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Boombox%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Boombox%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Boombox%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 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</p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:190px;max-width:190px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:112px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharp_GF-9494_(22W)_Ghetto_Blaster_(edited).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sharp_GF-9494_%2822W%29_Ghetto_Blaster_%28edited%29.jpg/188px-Sharp_GF-9494_%2822W%29_Ghetto_Blaster_%28edited%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sharp_GF-9494_%2822W%29_Ghetto_Blaster_%28edited%29.jpg/282px-Sharp_GF-9494_%2822W%29_Ghetto_Blaster_%28edited%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Sharp_GF-9494_%2822W%29_Ghetto_Blaster_%28edited%29.jpg/376px-Sharp_GF-9494_%2822W%29_Ghetto_Blaster_%28edited%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="810" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:190px;max-width:190px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:116px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bombox.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bombox.jpg/188px-Bombox.jpg" decoding="async" width="188" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bombox.jpg/282px-Bombox.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bombox.jpg/376px-Bombox.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="433" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><b>Top</b>: <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp Corporation</a>'s GF-9494, "Ghetto Blaster", released in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-Wikiboombox_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wikiboombox-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /><b>Bottom</b>: <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> CD and cassette CFD-S35CP boombox released in 2006.</div></div></div></div> <p>A <b>boombox</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Transistorized" class="mw-redirect" title="Transistorized">transistorized</a> portable music player featuring one or two <a href="/wiki/Cassette_deck" title="Cassette deck">cassette tape players</a>/recorders and <a href="/wiki/AM/FM_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="AM/FM radio">AM/FM radio</a>, generally with a carrying handle. Beginning in the mid-1990s, a <a href="/wiki/CD_player" title="CD player">CD player</a> was often included.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sound is delivered through an amplifier and two or more integrated <a href="/wiki/Loudspeaker" title="Loudspeaker">loudspeakers</a>. A boombox is a device typically capable of receiving radio stations and playing recorded music (usually <a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassette tape">cassette tapes</a> or CDs usually at a high volume). Many models are also capable of <a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction" title="Sound recording and reproduction">recording</a> onto cassette tapes from radio and other sources. In the 1990s, some boomboxes were available with <a href="/wiki/MiniDisc" title="MiniDisc">MiniDisc</a> recorders and players. Designed for portability, boomboxes can be powered by <a href="/wiki/Electric_battery" title="Electric battery">batteries</a> as well as by line current. The boombox was introduced to the American market during the late 1970s. The desire for louder and heavier bass led to bigger and heavier boxes; by the 1980s, some boomboxes had reached the size of a <a href="/wiki/Suitcase" title="Suitcase">suitcase</a>. Some larger boomboxes even contained vertically mounted record <a href="/wiki/Turntables" class="mw-redirect" title="Turntables">turntables</a>. Most boomboxes were battery-operated, leading to extremely heavy, bulky boxes.<sup id="cite_ref-npr_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The boombox quickly became associated with urban society in the United States, particularly African American and <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic and Latino American">Latino</a> youth. The wide use of boomboxes in urban communities led to the boombox being coined a "<b>ghetto blaster</b>". Some cities petitioned for the banning of boomboxes from public places, and over time, they became less acceptable on city streets.<sup id="cite_ref-bg_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The boombox became closely linked to American <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_(culture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop (culture)">hip hop culture</a> and was instrumental in the rise of <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">hip hop music</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boombox&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first boombox was developed by the inventor of the audio compact cassette, <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. Their first 'Radiorecorder' was released in 1966. The Philips innovation was the first time that radio broadcasts could be recorded onto cassette tapes without the cables or microphones that previous stand-alone cassette tape recorders required. Recordings of radio were still subject to interferences from automobiles and other vehicles nearby with the same frequency, limiting their overall quality.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the sound quality of early cassette tape recordings was poor, improvements in technology and the introduction of stereo recording, chromium tapes, and <a href="/wiki/Dolby_noise_reduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby noise reduction">Dolby noise reduction</a> made hifi quality devices possible. Several European electronics brands, such as <a href="/wiki/Grundig" title="Grundig">Grundig</a>, also introduced similar devices. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony_Cassette_Corder_FM-AM_CF-300_-_a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sony_Cassette_Corder_FM-AM_CF-300_-_a.jpg/250px-Sony_Cassette_Corder_FM-AM_CF-300_-_a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sony_Cassette_Corder_FM-AM_CF-300_-_a.jpg/330px-Sony_Cassette_Corder_FM-AM_CF-300_-_a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Sony_Cassette_Corder_FM-AM_CF-300_-_a.jpg/500px-Sony_Cassette_Corder_FM-AM_CF-300_-_a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3210" data-file-height="1908" /></a><figcaption>Sony's CF-300 released in 1970.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Various_radio_cassette_recorders_and_boomboxes_from_the_1980s_in_Japanese_shop_-_%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BB_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Various_radio_cassette_recorders_and_boomboxes_from_the_1980s_in_Japanese_shop_-_%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BB_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Various_radio_cassette_recorders_and_boomboxes_from_the_1980s_in_Japanese_shop_-_%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BB_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Various_radio_cassette_recorders_and_boomboxes_from_the_1980s_in_Japanese_shop_-_%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BB_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Various_radio_cassette_recorders_and_boomboxes_from_the_1980s_in_Japanese_shop_-_%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BB_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Various_radio_cassette_recorders_and_boomboxes_from_the_1980s_in_Japanese_shop_-_%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BB_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Various_radio_cassette_recorders_and_boomboxes_from_the_1980s_in_Japanese_shop_-_%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BB_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3937" data-file-height="2487" /></a><figcaption>Boomboxes manufactured in Japan and exported to the world in the 1970s and 1980s</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Boombox-National-RX5100-dec292021.webm/220px--Boombox-National-RX5100-dec292021.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="11" data-mwtitle="Boombox-National-RX5100-dec292021.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Boombox-National-RX5100-dec292021.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/Boombox-National-RX5100-dec292021.webm/Boombox-National-RX5100-dec292021.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/Boombox-National-RX5100-dec292021.webm/Boombox-National-RX5100-dec292021.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Boombox-National-RX5100-dec292021.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/Boombox-National-RX5100-dec292021.webm/Boombox-National-RX5100-dec292021.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/Boombox-National-RX5100-dec292021.webm/Boombox-National-RX5100-dec292021.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/Boombox-National-RX5100-dec292021.webm/Boombox-National-RX5100-dec292021.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/Boombox-National-RX5100-dec292021.webm/Boombox-National-RX5100-dec292021.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/Boombox-National-RX5100-dec292021.webm/Boombox-National-RX5100-dec292021.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>A RX5100 National boombox.</figcaption></figure> <p>Boomboxes were soon also sold in Japan since 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-Former-Aiwa-employee-survey_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Former-Aiwa-employee-survey-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first three manufacturers were Crown, Matsushita(currently <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a>) and <a href="/wiki/AIWA" class="mw-redirect" title="AIWA">AIWA</a>, and AIWA's TPR-101 was exported from Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-Former-Aiwa-employee-survey_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Former-Aiwa-employee-survey-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1970s, <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a>, Tokyo Shibaura Electric (<a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a>), Japan Victor (currently <a href="/wiki/JVCKenwood" title="JVCKenwood">JVCKenwood</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric" title="Mitsubishi Electric">Mitsubishi Electric</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanyo" title="Sanyo">Sanyo Electric</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp Corporation</a> also began to sell boomboxes, and boomboxes soon became popular there due to their compact size and impressive sound quality.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Japanese brands rapidly took over a large portion of the European boombox market and were often the first Japanese consumer electronics brands that a European household might purchase. In some cases, there were even Japanese boomboxes manufactured as O.E.M. for European brands. Japanese brands innovated by creating different sizes, form factors, and technology, introducing such advances as stereo boomboxes, removable speakers, and built-in CD players. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chicago_Pride_Parade_1985_033.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Chicago_Pride_Parade_1985_033.jpg/250px-Chicago_Pride_Parade_1985_033.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Chicago_Pride_Parade_1985_033.jpg/330px-Chicago_Pride_Parade_1985_033.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Chicago_Pride_Parade_1985_033.jpg/500px-Chicago_Pride_Parade_1985_033.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>A man holding a <i>C-100F boombox</i> by <i>Conion</i>, <a href="/wiki/Generic_brand" title="Generic brand">an off-brand</a> of Japanese corporation <i><a href="/wiki/Onkyo" title="Onkyo">Onkyo</a></i> at a <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Pride_Parade" title="Chicago Pride Parade">Chicago Pride Parade</a> ca. 1985</figcaption></figure> <p>The boombox became popular in America during the late 1970s, with most then being produced by <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marantz" title="Marantz">Marantz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bg_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was immediately noticed by the urban adolescent community and soon developed a mass market, especially in large metropolitan centers such as New York, Los Angeles, and Washington D.C. </p><p>The earlier models were a hybrid that combined the booming sound of large in-home <a href="/wiki/Stereo_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereo system">stereo systems</a> and the portability of small <a href="/wiki/Portable_cassette_player" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable cassette player">portable cassette players</a>; they were typically small, black or silver, heavy, and capable of producing high volumes.<sup id="cite_ref-bg_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The effective <a href="/wiki/AM/FM_tuner" class="mw-redirect" title="AM/FM tuner">AM/FM tuner</a>, standard in all early boomboxes, was the most popular feature of the early boombox up until the incorporation of <a href="/wiki/Input_and_output_jack" class="mw-redirect" title="Input and output jack">input and output jacks</a> into the boxes, which allowed for the coupling of devices such as <a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">microphones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">turntables</a>, and <a href="/wiki/CD_players" class="mw-redirect" title="CD players">CD players</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bg_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The development of audio jacks brought the boombox to the height of its popularity, and as its popularity rose, so did the level of innovation in the features included in the box. Consumers enjoyed the portability and sound quality of boomboxes, but one of the most important features, especially to the youth market, was the <a href="/wiki/Bass_(sound)" title="Bass (sound)">bass</a>. The desire for louder and heavier bass led to bigger and heavier boxes. </p><p>Regardless of the increasing weight and size, the devices continued to become larger to accommodate the increased bass output; newer boombox models had heavy metal casings to handle the vibrations from the bass.<sup id="cite_ref-bg_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boombox&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018080701_Frontalansicht_GPO_Brooklyn_mit_ausgefahrener_CD_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/2018080701_Frontalansicht_GPO_Brooklyn_mit_ausgefahrener_CD_2018.jpg/250px-2018080701_Frontalansicht_GPO_Brooklyn_mit_ausgefahrener_CD_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/2018080701_Frontalansicht_GPO_Brooklyn_mit_ausgefahrener_CD_2018.jpg/330px-2018080701_Frontalansicht_GPO_Brooklyn_mit_ausgefahrener_CD_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/2018080701_Frontalansicht_GPO_Brooklyn_mit_ausgefahrener_CD_2018.jpg/500px-2018080701_Frontalansicht_GPO_Brooklyn_mit_ausgefahrener_CD_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><span class="nowrap">DAB+/FM/MP3-CD/MP3-USB/cassette/Bluetooth</span> <i><a href="/wiki/General_Post_Office" title="General Post Office">GPO</a> Brooklyn</i> legacy recorder boombox by neo-retro chic manufacturing company; <i>ProTelX</i> released on October 2, 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>A boombox, in its most basic form, is composed of two or more loudspeakers, an <a href="/wiki/Amplifier" title="Amplifier">amplifier</a>, a radio <a href="/wiki/Tuner_(radio)" title="Tuner (radio)">tuner</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette" title="Compact Cassette">cassette</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/CD_player" title="CD player">CD player</a> component, all housed in a single plastic or metal case with a handle for portability. Most units can be powered by <a href="/wiki/Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">AC</a> or <a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">DC</a> cables or <a href="/wiki/Battery_(electricity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery (electricity)">batteries</a>. </p><p>As boomboxes grew in popularity, they also became more complex in design and functionality. By the mid-1980s, many boomboxes included separate high and low frequency speakers and a second tape deck to allow the boombox to record both from the radio and from other pre-recorded cassettes. Equalizers, balance adjusters, Dolby noise reduction, and LED sound gauges were other later additions.<sup id="cite_ref-Morton_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morton-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-1980s, the boombox began to become a status symbol; the popularity among young urbanites caused increasing demand for extravagant boxes. The growing popularity of the compact disc (CD) in the late 1980s led to the introduction of the CD player in standard boombox design. During the 1990s, boombox manufacturers began designing smaller, more compact boomboxes, which were often made out of plastic instead of metal as their counterparts from the previous decade had been.<sup id="cite_ref-npr_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rectangular, angular, <a href="/wiki/Chrome_plating" title="Chrome plating">chrome</a> aesthetic of many 1980s models was frequently replaced with black plastic in the 1990s, and modern designs are typically characterized by a rounded, curved appearance instead of sharp angles. However, the designs of the older models are a source of much interest among boombox enthusiasts and collectors, who frequently seek the larger feature-packed models that represented the cutting edge of portable music technology in their day. Today most boomboxes have replaced the cassette player with <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a> docks to access <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a> technology, and some even come equipped with integrated or removable <a href="/wiki/Satellite_radio" title="Satellite radio">satellite radio</a> tuners.<sup id="cite_ref-whoinvented_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoinvented-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boombox designs vary greatly in size. Larger, more powerful units may require 10 or more size-<a href="/wiki/D_battery" title="D battery">D batteries</a>, may measure more than 76 centimetres (30 in) in width, and can weigh more than 12 kilograms (26 lb). Some take a 12-volt <a href="/wiki/Sealed_lead-acid_battery" class="mw-redirect" title="Sealed lead-acid battery">sealed lead-acid battery</a>, or can be a portable enclosure for a <a href="/wiki/Car_audio" class="mw-redirect" title="Car audio">car audio</a> head unit. </p><p>Audio quality and feature sets vary widely, with high-end models providing features and sound comparable to some home stereo systems. Most models offer <a href="/wiki/Loudness" title="Loudness">volume</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">tone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panning_(audio)" title="Panning (audio)">balance (left/right)</a> controls. </p><p>More sophisticated models may feature dual <a href="/wiki/Compact_Cassette" title="Compact Cassette">cassette</a> decks (often featuring high-speed <a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(music)" title="Dubbing (music)">dubbing</a>, or sometimes even digitally controlled servo cassette mechanics), separate <a href="/wiki/Bass_(sound)" title="Bass (sound)">bass</a> and treble level controls, five- or ten-band <a href="/wiki/Graphic_equalizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphic equalizer">graphic equalizers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolby_noise_reduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby noise reduction">Dolby noise reduction</a>, analog or <a href="/wiki/LED" class="mw-redirect" title="LED">LED</a> sound level (<a href="/wiki/VU_meter" title="VU meter">VU</a>) meters or even VFD, larger <a href="/wiki/Loudspeakers" class="mw-redirect" title="Loudspeakers">speakers</a>, 'soft-touch' tape deck controls, multiple <a href="/wiki/Shortwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Shortwave">shortwave</a> (SW) band reception with fine tuning, <a href="/wiki/Digital_tuner" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital tuner">digital tuner</a> with PLL (<a href="/wiki/Phase-locked_loop" title="Phase-locked loop">phase-locked loop</a>), automatic song search functions for cassettes, line and/or <a href="/wiki/RCA_connector" title="RCA connector">phono</a> inputs and outputs, <a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">microphone</a> inputs, <a href="/wiki/Loudness_compensation" title="Loudness compensation">loudness switches</a>, and detachable speakers, full function infrared remote control. A handful of models even featured an integrated record <a href="/wiki/Turntable" class="mw-redirect" title="Turntable">turntable</a>, an <a href="/wiki/8-track_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="8-track tape">8-track tape</a> player, a <a href="/wiki/Minidisc" class="mw-redirect" title="Minidisc">minidisc</a> player/recorder, or a (typically black-and-white) <a href="/wiki/Television_screen" class="mw-redirect" title="Television screen">television screen</a>, although the basic radio/cassette models have historically been by far the most popular. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_significance">Cultural significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boombox&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cultural significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The boombox quickly became associated with urban society, particularly black and Hispanic youth. The wide use of boomboxes in urban communities led to the boombox being coined a "ghetto blaster", a nickname which was soon used as part of a backlash against the boombox and hip hop culture. The character <a href="/wiki/Radio_Raheem" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Raheem">Radio Raheem</a> in <a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a>'s drama film <i><a href="/wiki/Do_the_Right_Thing" title="Do the Right Thing">Do the Right Thing</a></i> (1989) personifies the connotations associated with "ghetto blasters" and is a prominent example of the boombox's use by urban youth in American media.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cities began banning boomboxes from public places, and they became less acceptable on city streets as time progressed.<sup id="cite_ref-bg_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The boombox became intrinsically linked to <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a> culture and, as <a href="/wiki/Fab_Five_Freddy" title="Fab Five Freddy">Fab Five Freddy</a> puts it, was "instrumental" in the rise of hip hop.<sup id="cite_ref-npr_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain models like the JVC RC-M90 and the Sharp GF-777 were known as the boombox kings, having the power to drown out other ghetto blasters; they were frequently used in music battles.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Beastie_Boys" title="Beastie Boys">Beastie Boys</a> embraced the boombox as a signature, <a href="/wiki/The_Clash" title="The Clash">The Clash</a> always had a boombox with them, and <a href="/wiki/Schoolly_D" title="Schoolly D">Schoolly D</a> carried around a Conion C-100F in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-sugarbarons_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sugarbarons-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decline">Decline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boombox&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1990s were a turning point for the boombox in popular culture. The rise of the <a href="/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman">Walkman</a> and other advanced electronics eliminated the need to carry around such large and heavy audio equipment, and boomboxes quickly disappeared from the streets. As boombox enthusiast Lyle Owerko puts it, "Towards the end of any culture, you have the second or third generation that steps into the culture, which is so far from the origination, it's the impression of what's real, but it's not the full definition of what's real. It's just cheesy."<sup id="cite_ref-Lyle_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lyle-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Electronics_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer Electronics Association">Consumer Electronics Association</a> reported that only 329,000 boombox units without CD players were shipped in the United States in 2003, compared to 20.4 million in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-bg_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compressed_digital_audio_and_the_future_of_boomboxes">Compressed digital audio and the future of boomboxes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boombox&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Compressed digital audio and the future of boomboxes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony_ZS-PS50_CD_player_and_FM_radio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sony_ZS-PS50_CD_player_and_FM_radio.jpg/220px-Sony_ZS-PS50_CD_player_and_FM_radio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sony_ZS-PS50_CD_player_and_FM_radio.jpg/330px-Sony_ZS-PS50_CD_player_and_FM_radio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Sony_ZS-PS50_CD_player_and_FM_radio.jpg/440px-Sony_ZS-PS50_CD_player_and_FM_radio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3844" data-file-height="2452" /></a><figcaption>A modern boombox, the Sony ZS-PS50 with MP3 file support via USB drive or CD</figcaption></figure> <p>Although many boomboxes had dual cassette decks and included dubbing, line, and radio recording capabilities, the rise of recordable CDs, the decline of audio cassette technology, and the popularity of high-density <a href="/wiki/MP3_players" class="mw-redirect" title="MP3 players">MP3 players</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smart phones</a> have reduced the popularity of high-quality boomboxes to such an extent that it is difficult to find a new dual-decked stereo. Dubbing remains popular among audiophiles, <a href="/wiki/Bootleg_recording" title="Bootleg recording">bootleggers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Music_piracy" title="Music piracy">pirates</a>, though most tasks are now accomplished through digital means or analog-to-digital conversion technology. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Durabrand_CD-1095_(9386172839).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Durabrand_CD-1095_%289386172839%29.jpg/250px-Durabrand_CD-1095_%289386172839%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Durabrand_CD-1095_%289386172839%29.jpg/330px-Durabrand_CD-1095_%289386172839%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Durabrand_CD-1095_%289386172839%29.jpg/500px-Durabrand_CD-1095_%289386172839%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>A basic (low-end) boombox, the <a href="/wiki/Durabrand" title="Durabrand">Durabrand</a> CD-1095 with only track number display, lacking the time indicator</figcaption></figure> <p>Most modern boomboxes include a CD player compatible with <a href="/wiki/CD-R" title="CD-R">CD-R</a> and <a href="/wiki/CD-RW" title="CD-RW">CD-RW</a>, which allows the user to carry their own music compilations on a higher fidelity medium. Many also permit iPod and similar devices to be plugged into them through one or more auxiliary ports. Some also support formats such as <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio" title="Windows Media Audio">WMA</a>. Some models, typically higher-end, are able to display <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> such as title, artist, album (known as "<a href="/wiki/ID3_tag" class="mw-redirect" title="ID3 tag">ID3 tag</a>" on MP3 specifically), file name, and parent folder or file path, on the <a href="/wiki/Segment_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Segment display">segment display</a> itself or a separate character row.<sup id="cite_ref-EX30_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EX30-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RR510_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RR510-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The simplest way to connect an older boombox to an MP3 player is to use a <a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape_adaptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassette tape adaptor">cassette adapter</a>, which interfaces an MP3 player's output directly to the cassette player's heads. The 'Line In' (also known as 'Aux In') can be used if the boombox has one. </p><p>Some modern boombox designs provide other connections for MP3 (and sometimes other digital formats) such as a <a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a> connector for use with a removable <a href="/wiki/USB_flash_drive" title="USB flash drive">USB drive</a>, slots for various <a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash memory</a> media such as <a href="/wiki/Secure_Digital_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Digital card">SD</a>, <a href="/wiki/MultiMediaCard" title="MultiMediaCard">MMC</a>, <a href="/wiki/SmartMedia" title="SmartMedia">SmartMedia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Memory_Stick" title="Memory Stick">Memory Stick</a>, or even a CD drive capable of reading MP3s directly from a CD, thus allowing for a relatively cheap and large music storage to be carried and played back at full volume. </p><p>Starting in mid-2010, there are new lines of boomboxes that use <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a> technology known as Stereo Bluetooth, or A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution Profile). They use the wireless Bluetooth technology to "stream" audio to the boombox from a compatible Bluetooth device, such as a mobile phone or Bluetooth MP3 player. An example of this is the JAMBOX,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is marketed as a "Smart Speaker" as it can also function as a speakerphone for voice calls in addition to being an audio playback device. </p><p>Another modern variant is a DVD player/boombox with a top-loading CD/DVD drive and an <a href="/wiki/LCD" class="mw-redirect" title="LCD">LCD</a> video screen in the position once occupied by a cassette deck.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many models of this type of boombox include inputs for external video (such as television broadcasts) and outputs to connect the DVD player to a full-sized television. </p><p>Some newer boomboxes, may also have DAB/DAB+ radio, internet radio, or network capabilities and various apps, like TuneIn, Spotify, MusicCast, DLNA, etc. Also they have Wi-Fi, Network RJ45 connection. However, this may limit their portability, as internet access is needed to use them at full potential. Without internet service, they can operate as standard, radio (both FM, AM and DAB), USB and CD player (if available), aux input, and bluetooth (if available). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boombox&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_player_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Audio player (disambiguation)">Audio player (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV_receiver" title="AV receiver">AV receiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_media_player" title="Portable media player">Portable media player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_receiver" title="Radio receiver">Radio receiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelf_stereo" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelf stereo">Shelf stereo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_audio" title="Vehicle audio">Vehicle audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_speaker" title="Wireless speaker">Wireless speaker</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boombox&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Wikiboombox-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wikiboombox_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wikiboombox.com/tiki-index.php?page=Sharp+GF-9494">"Sharp GF-9494"</a>. 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CD boomboxes are a big growth area"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/282084854">282084854</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Some+Bright+Spots+at+Consumer+Electronics+Show+%3A+The+MiniDisc+digital+audio+format+gets+a+boost+with+the+announcement+of+upcoming+models.+CD+boomboxes+are+a+big+growth+area.&rft.date=1993-06-11&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1993-06-11-ca-2121-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoombox" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-npr-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-npr_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-npr_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-npr_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/e84hf5aUmNA">Ghostarchive</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101024081012/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e84hf5aUmNA&feature=youtu.be">Wayback Machine</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e84hf5aUmNA">"The History of the Boombox, NPR Music"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. April 22, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=The+History+of+the+Boombox%2C+NPR+Music&rft.date=2009-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3De84hf5aUmNA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoombox" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bg-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bg_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bg_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bg_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bg_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bg_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bg_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bg_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308183404/http://www.beginnersguide.com/mobile-electronics/boomboxes/the-history-of-the-boombox.php">"Boomboxes – The History of the Boombox"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beginnersguide.com/mobile-electronics/boomboxes/the-history-of-the-boombox.php">the original</a> on March 8, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boomboxes+%E2%80%93+The+History+of+the+Boombox&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beginnersguide.com%2Fmobile-electronics%2Fboomboxes%2Fthe-history-of-the-boombox.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoombox" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBijsterveldDijck2009" class="citation book cs1">Bijsterveld, Karin; Dijck, José van (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ribkrdRrkkEC&dq=philips+radio+recorder&pg=PA25"><i>Sound Souvenirs: Audio Technologies, Memory and Cultural Practices</i></a>. 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April 6, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sugarbarons.com/?p=3553">the original</a> on October 18, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sugar+Barons&rft.atitle=The+Boombox+Project&rft.date=2011-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sugarbarons.com%2F%3Fp%3D3553&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoombox" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lyle-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lyle_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lyle Owerko and Spike Lee, <i>The Boombox Project: The Machines, The Music, and the Urban Underground</i> (New York: <a href="/wiki/Abrams_Image" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrams Image">Abrams Image</a>), 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EX30-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EX30_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200820112149if_/http://resources.jvc.com/Resources/00/00/95/lvt1213-001b.pdf">"JVC RC-EX30 operation manual"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in multiple languages). 2004. p. 11. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://resources.jvc.com/Resources/00/00/95/lvt1213-001b.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on August 20, 2020. <q>When you press and hold DISPLAY for more than 1 second, the title, artist name and album name scroll through the display window once, and then the track number being played and elapsed playing time are displayed again.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JVC+RC-EX30+operation+manual&rft.pages=11&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresources.jvc.com%2FResources%2F00%2F00%2F95%2Flvt1213-001b.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoombox" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RR510-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RR510_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bedienungsanleitu.ng/karcher-audio/rr-510/anleitung?p=8">"LCD-Display – Karcher Audio RR 510 anleitung"</a>. <i>www.bedienungsanleitu.ng</i> (in German). p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bedienungsanleitu.ng&rft.atitle=LCD-Display+%E2%80%93+Karcher+Audio+RR+510+anleitung&rft.pages=8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bedienungsanleitu.ng%2Fkarcher-audio%2Frr-510%2Fanleitung%3Fp%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoombox" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2010/12/03/jawbone-jambox-review/">"Jawbone Jambox review"</a>. <i>Engadget</i>. December 3, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Engadget&rft.atitle=Jawbone+Jambox+review&rft.date=2010-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2010%2F12%2F03%2Fjawbone-jambox-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoombox" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ubergizmo.com/15/archives/2007/08/go_video_brings_lcd_to_boombox.html">"Go Video brings LCD to boombox"</a>. Ubergizmo.com. August 15, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Go+Video+brings+LCD+to+boombox&rft.date=2007-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubergizmo.com%2F15%2Farchives%2F2007%2F08%2Fgo_video_brings_lcd_to_boombox.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoombox" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boombox&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120210145226/http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-3445_162-20031687.html">CBS Sunday Morning – Boomboxes: A REAL blast from the past</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/16/arts/music/16boombox.html">New York Times Review – The Boombox Project</a></li> <li>Photographer <a href="/wiki/Lyle_Owerko" title="Lyle Owerko">Lyle Owerko</a>, documented the cultural history of the device in his 2010 book <i>The Boombox Project: The Machines, the Music and the Urban Underground</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781613128107" title="Special:BookSources/9781613128107">9781613128107</a>), with a foreword by <a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boombox&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External 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