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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8" title="মোচন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মোচন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekdiza" title="Ekdiza – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ekdiza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88cdisi" title="Ècdisi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ècdisi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svl%C3%A9k%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Svlékání – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svlékání" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4utung" title="Häutung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Häutung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kestumine" title="Kestumine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kestumine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%BA%CE%B4%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Έκδυση – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έκδυση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecdisis" title="Ecdisis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ecdisis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_(%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="پوست‌اندازی (بی‌مهرگان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پوست‌اندازی (بی‌مهرگان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mue_des_arthropodes" title="Mue des arthropodes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mue des arthropodes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferfeljen" title="Ferfeljen – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ferfeljen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cdise" title="Écdise – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Écdise" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekdisis" title="Ekdisis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ekdisis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muta_(biologia)" title="Muta (biologia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Muta (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi_(atwop%C3%B2d)" title="Mi (atwopòd) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mi (atwopòd)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecdysis" title="Ecdysis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ecdysis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="എക്ഡിസിസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എക്ഡിസിസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekdisis" title="Ekdisis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ekdisis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vervelling" title="Vervelling – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vervelling" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E7%9A%AE" title="脱皮 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="脱皮" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudskifte" title="Hudskifte – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hudskifte" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamskifte" title="Hamskifte – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hamskifte" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wylinka" title="Wylinka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wylinka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecdise" title="Ecdise – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ecdise" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Екдизис – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Екдизис" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekdizis" title="Ekdizis – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ekdizis" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hud%C3%B6msning" title="Hudömsning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hudömsning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="தோல்கழற்றல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தோல்கழற்றல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Екдизис – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Екдизис" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13389887#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Shedding of the exoskeleton in arthropods and other invertebrates</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ecdysis_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ecdysis (disambiguation)">Ecdysis (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ecdysis" title="Special:EditPage/Ecdysis">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ecdysis%22">"Ecdysis"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ecdysis%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ecdysis%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ecdysis%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ecdysis%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ecdysis%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhopalomyia_solidaginis_eclosion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Rhopalomyia_solidaginis_eclosion.jpg/220px-Rhopalomyia_solidaginis_eclosion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Rhopalomyia_solidaginis_eclosion.jpg/330px-Rhopalomyia_solidaginis_eclosion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Rhopalomyia_solidaginis_eclosion.jpg/440px-Rhopalomyia_solidaginis_eclosion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2319" data-file-height="1835" /></a><figcaption>Adult <i><a href="/wiki/Rhopalomyia_solidaginis" title="Rhopalomyia solidaginis">Rhopalomyia solidaginis</a></i> fly, emerging from pupal case</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cicada_molting_animated-2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Cicada_molting_animated-2.gif/220px-Cicada_molting_animated-2.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="372" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Cicada_molting_animated-2.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="283" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>Process of ecdysis of a <a href="/wiki/Cicada" title="Cicada">cicada</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ecdysis</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Moulting" title="Moulting">moulting</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cuticle" title="Cuticle">cuticle</a> in many invertebrates of the clade <a href="/wiki/Ecdysozoa" title="Ecdysozoa">Ecdysozoa</a>. Since the cuticle of these animals typically forms a largely inelastic <a href="/wiki/Exoskeleton" title="Exoskeleton">exoskeleton</a>, it is shed during growth and a new, larger covering is formed.<sup id="cite_ref-Ewer_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ewer-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remnants of the old, empty exoskeleton are called <a href="/wiki/Exuviae" title="Exuviae">exuviae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tetlie_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tetlie-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After moulting, an arthropod is described as <i>teneral</i>, a <i>callow</i>; it is "fresh", pale and soft-bodied. Within one or two hours, the cuticle hardens and darkens following a <a href="/wiki/Tanning_(leather)" title="Tanning (leather)">tanning</a> process analogous to the production of <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mcgraw-hill_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcgraw-hill-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this short phase the animal expands, since growth is otherwise constrained by the rigidity of the exoskeleton. Growth of the limbs and other parts normally covered by the hard exoskeleton is achieved by transfer of body fluids from soft parts before the new skin hardens. A spider with a small abdomen may be undernourished but more probably has recently undergone ecdysis. Some arthropods, especially large insects with tracheal respiration, expand their new exoskeleton by swallowing or otherwise taking in air. The maturation of the structure and <a href="/wiki/Animal_coloration" title="Animal coloration">colouration</a> of the new exoskeleton might take days or weeks in a long-lived insect; this can make it difficult to identify an individual if it has recently undergone ecdysis. </p><p>Ecdysis allows damaged tissue and missing limbs to be <a href="/wiki/Regeneration_(biology)" title="Regeneration (biology)">regenerated</a> or substantially re-formed. Complete regeneration may require a series of moults, the stump becoming a little larger with each moult until the limb is a normal, or near normal, size.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecdysis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>ecdysis</i> comes from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ἐκδύω</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">ekduo</i></span>) 'to take off, strip off'.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Process">Process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecdysis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this section by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In preparation for ecdysis, the arthropod becomes inactive for a period of time, undergoing <a href="/wiki/Apolysis" title="Apolysis">apolysis</a> or separation of the old exoskeleton from the underlying epidermal cells. For most organisms, the resting period is a stage of preparation during which the secretion of fluid from the moulting glands of the epidermal layer and the loosening of the underpart of the cuticle occurs. Once the old cuticle has separated from the epidermis, a digesting fluid is secreted into the space between them. However, this fluid remains inactive until the upper part of the new cuticle has been formed. Then, by crawling movements, the organism pushes forward in the old <a href="/wiki/Integumentary_system" title="Integumentary system">integumentary shell</a>, which splits down the back allowing the animal to emerge. Often, this initial crack is caused by a combination of movement and increase in pressure of hemolymph within the body, forcing an expansion across its <a href="/wiki/Exoskeleton" title="Exoskeleton">exoskeleton</a>, leading to an eventual crack that allows for certain organisms such as <a href="/wiki/Spider" title="Spider">spiders</a> to extricate themselves. While the old cuticle is being digested, the new layer is secreted. All cuticular structures are shed at ecdysis, including the inner parts of the exoskeleton, which includes terminal linings of the <a href="/wiki/Alimentary_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Alimentary tract">alimentary tract</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate_trachea" class="mw-redirect" title="Invertebrate trachea">tracheae</a> if they are present. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:732px;max-width:732px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Physiology of ecdysis</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The-arthropods-moulting-1.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The process of moulting in insects begins with the separation of the cuticle from the underlying epidermal cells." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/The-arthropods-moulting-1.gif/240px-The-arthropods-moulting-1.gif" decoding="async" width="240" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/The-arthropods-moulting-1.gif/360px-The-arthropods-moulting-1.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/The-arthropods-moulting-1.gif 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="316" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The-arthropods-moulting-2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="After the separation, moulting fluid is secreted into the space between the old cuticle and the epidermis (the exuvial space); this contains inactive enzymes which are activated only after the new epicuticle is secreted." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The-arthropods-moulting-2.gif/240px-The-arthropods-moulting-2.gif" decoding="async" width="240" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The-arthropods-moulting-2.gif/360px-The-arthropods-moulting-2.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/The-arthropods-moulting-2.gif 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="316" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The-arthropods-moulting-3.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The lower regions of the old cuticle are then digested by the enzymes and subsequently absorbed. The process of moulting can start." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/The-arthropods-moulting-3.gif/240px-The-arthropods-moulting-3.gif" decoding="async" width="240" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/The-arthropods-moulting-3.gif/360px-The-arthropods-moulting-3.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/The-arthropods-moulting-3.gif 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="316" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Insects">Insects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecdysis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Insects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1208px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aeshna_cyanea_freshly_slipped_L2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Moulting (ecdysis) in southern hawker, Aeshna cyanea"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Aeshna_cyanea_freshly_slipped_L2.jpg/1200px-Aeshna_cyanea_freshly_slipped_L2.jpg" decoding="async" width="1200" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Aeshna_cyanea_freshly_slipped_L2.jpg/1800px-Aeshna_cyanea_freshly_slipped_L2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Aeshna_cyanea_freshly_slipped_L2.jpg/2400px-Aeshna_cyanea_freshly_slipped_L2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12065" data-file-height="1240" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Aeshna_cyanea_freshly_slipped_L2.jpg" title="File:Aeshna cyanea freshly slipped L2.jpg"> </a></div>Moulting (ecdysis) in <a href="/wiki/Southern_hawker" title="Southern hawker">southern hawker</a>, <i>Aeshna cyanea</i></div></div></div> <p>Each stage of development between moults for insects in the taxon <a href="/wiki/Endopterygota" class="mw-redirect" title="Endopterygota">Endopterygota</a> is called an <a href="/wiki/Instar" title="Instar">instar</a>, or stadium, and each stage between moults of insects in the <a href="/wiki/Exopterygota" title="Exopterygota">Exopterygota</a> is called a nymph: there may be up to 15 nymphal stages. <a href="/wiki/Endopterygota" class="mw-redirect" title="Endopterygota">Endopterygota</a> tend to have only four or five instars. Endopterygotes have more alternatives to moulting, such as expansion of the cuticle and collapse of air sacs to allow growth of internal organs. </p><p>The process of moulting in insects begins with the separation of the cuticle from the underlying epidermal cells (apolysis) and ends with the shedding of the old cuticle (ecdysis). In many species it is initiated by an increase in the <a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">hormone</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecdysone" title="Ecdysone">ecdysone</a>. This hormone causes: </p> <ul><li>apolysis – the separation of the cuticle from the <a href="/wiki/Squamous_epithelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Squamous epithelium">epidermis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretion" title="Secretion">secretion</a> of new cuticle materials beneath the old</li> <li>degradation of the old cuticle</li></ul> <p>After apolysis the insect is known as a <a href="/wiki/Pharate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharate">pharate</a>. Moulting fluid is then secreted into the exuvial space between the old cuticle and the epidermis, this contains inactive enzymes which are activated only after the new <a href="/wiki/Epicuticle" class="mw-redirect" title="Epicuticle">epicuticle</a> is secreted. This prevents the new <a href="/wiki/Procuticle" class="mw-redirect" title="Procuticle">procuticle</a> from getting digested as it is laid down. The lower regions of the old cuticle, the <a href="/wiki/Endocuticle" class="mw-redirect" title="Endocuticle">endocuticle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mesocuticle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesocuticle">mesocuticle</a>, are then digested by the enzymes and subsequently absorbed. The <a href="/wiki/Exocuticle" class="mw-redirect" title="Exocuticle">exocuticle</a> and epicuticle resist digestion and are hence shed at ecdysis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spiders">Spiders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecdysis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Spiders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crab_spider_female_in_ecdysis;_Genus_Synema,_Family_Thomisidae_5725s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Crab_spider_female_in_ecdysis%3B_Genus_Synema%2C_Family_Thomisidae_5725s.jpg/220px-Crab_spider_female_in_ecdysis%3B_Genus_Synema%2C_Family_Thomisidae_5725s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Crab_spider_female_in_ecdysis%3B_Genus_Synema%2C_Family_Thomisidae_5725s.jpg/330px-Crab_spider_female_in_ecdysis%3B_Genus_Synema%2C_Family_Thomisidae_5725s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Crab_spider_female_in_ecdysis%3B_Genus_Synema%2C_Family_Thomisidae_5725s.jpg/440px-Crab_spider_female_in_ecdysis%3B_Genus_Synema%2C_Family_Thomisidae_5725s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2680" data-file-height="2249" /></a><figcaption>Female <a href="/wiki/Crab_spider" class="mw-redirect" title="Crab spider">crab spider</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Synema_decens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Synema decens (page does not exist)">Synema decens</a></i>, teneral after final ecdysis, still dangling from drop line, about to be mated, <a href="/wiki/Opisthosoma" title="Opisthosoma">opisthosoma</a> still shrunken</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Araign%C3%A9e_en_train_de_muer.webm/220px--Araign%C3%A9e_en_train_de_muer.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="873175" data-mwtitle="Araignée_en_train_de_muer.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Araign%C3%A9e_en_train_de_muer.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/Araign%C3%A9e_en_train_de_muer.webm/Araign%C3%A9e_en_train_de_muer.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/Araign%C3%A9e_en_train_de_muer.webm/Araign%C3%A9e_en_train_de_muer.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Araign%C3%A9e_en_train_de_muer.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/Araign%C3%A9e_en_train_de_muer.webm/Araign%C3%A9e_en_train_de_muer.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/Araign%C3%A9e_en_train_de_muer.webm/Araign%C3%A9e_en_train_de_muer.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/Araign%C3%A9e_en_train_de_muer.webm/Araign%C3%A9e_en_train_de_muer.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Complete process of a spider moulting.</figcaption></figure> <p>Spiders generally change their skin for the first time while still inside the egg sac, and the spiderling that emerges broadly resembles the adult. The number of moults varies, both between species and sexes, but generally will be between five times and nine times before the spider reaches maturity. Not surprisingly, since males are generally smaller than females, the males of many species mature faster and do not undergo ecdysis as many times as the females before maturing. Members of the <a href="/wiki/Mygalomorphae" title="Mygalomorphae">Mygalomorphae</a> are very long-lived, sometimes 20 years or more; they moult annually even after they mature. </p><p>Spiders stop feeding at some time before moulting, usually for several days. The physiological processes of releasing the old exoskeleton from the tissues beneath typically cause various colour changes, such as darkening. If the old exoskeleton is not too thick it may be possible to see new structures, such as <a href="/wiki/Seta" title="Seta">setae</a>, from the outside. However, contact between the nerves and the old exoskeleton is maintained until a very late stage in the process. </p><p>The new, teneral exoskeleton has to accommodate a larger frame than the previous <a href="/wiki/Instar" title="Instar">instar</a>, while the spider has had to fit into the previous exoskeleton until it has been shed. This means the spider does not fill out the new exoskeleton completely, so it commonly appears somewhat wrinkled. </p><p><br /> Most species of spiders hang from silk during the entire process, either dangling from a drop line, or fastening their claws into webbed fibres attached to a suitable base. The discarded, dried exoskeleton typically remains hanging where it was abandoned once the spider has left. </p><p><br /> To open the old exoskeleton, the spider generally contracts its abdomen (<a href="/wiki/Opisthosoma" title="Opisthosoma">opisthosoma</a>) to supply enough fluid to pump into the <a href="/wiki/Cephalothorax" title="Cephalothorax">prosoma</a> with sufficient pressure to crack it open along its lines of weakness. The <a href="/wiki/Carapace" title="Carapace">carapace</a> lifts off from the front, like a helmet, as its surrounding skin ruptures, but it remains attached at the back. Now the spider works its limbs free and typically winds up dangling by a new thread of silk attached to its own exuviae, which in turn hang from the original silk attachment. </p><p><br /> At this point the spider is a callow; it is teneral and vulnerable. As it dangles, its exoskeleton hardens and takes shape. The process may take minutes in small spiders, or some hours in the larger Mygalomorphs. Some spiders, such as some <i><a href="/wiki/Synema_(spider)" title="Synema (spider)">Synema</a></i> species, members of the <a href="/wiki/Thomisidae" title="Thomisidae">Thomisidae</a> (crab spiders), mate while the female is still callow, during which time she is unable to eat the male.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eurypterids">Eurypterids</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecdysis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Eurypterids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Eurypterid" title="Eurypterid">Eurypterids</a> are a group of <a href="/wiki/Chelicerates" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelicerates">chelicerates</a> that became <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinct</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lopingian" title="Lopingian">Late Permian</a>. They underwent ecdysis similarly to extant chelicerates, and most fossils are thought to be of exuviae, rather than cadavers.<sup id="cite_ref-Tetlie_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tetlie-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecdysis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecdysteroid" title="Ecdysteroid">Ecdysteroid</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecdysis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ewer-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ewer_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Ewer2005" class="citation journal cs1">John Ewer (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1250302">"How the ecdysozoan changed its coat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PLOS_Biology" title="PLOS Biology">PLOS Biology</a></i>. <b>3</b> (10): e349. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0030349">10.1371/journal.pbio.0030349</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1250302">1250302</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16207077">16207077</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:624103">624103</a>.</cite><span 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Hopkins (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ficb%2F41.3.389">"Limb regeneration in the fiddler crab, <i>Uca pugilator</i>: hormonal and growth factor control"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Zoologist" class="mw-redirect" title="American Zoologist">American Zoologist</a></i>. <b>41</b> (3): 389–398. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ficb%2F41.3.389">10.1093/icb/41.3.389</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Zoologist&rft.atitle=Limb+regeneration+in+the+fiddler+crab%2C+Uca+pugilator%3A+hormonal+and+growth+factor+control&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=389-398&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ficb%2F41.3.389&rft.au=Penny+M.+Hopkins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Ficb%252F41.3.389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcdysis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiddell_&_Scott1889" class="citation book cs1">Liddell & Scott (1889). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0058%3Aentry%3De)kdu%2Fw"><i>An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon</i></a>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Intermediate+Greek-English+Lexicon&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1889&rft.au=Liddell+%26+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.04.0058%253Aentry%253De%29kdu%252Fw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcdysis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErik_Holm_&_Anna_Sophia_Dippenaar-Schoeman2010" class="citation book cs1">Erik Holm & Anna Sophia Dippenaar-Schoeman (2010). <i>Goggo Guide: the Arthropods of Southern Africa</i>. LAPA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7993-4689-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7993-4689-3"><bdi>978-0-7993-4689-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goggo+Guide%3A+the+Arthropods+of+Southern+Africa&rft.pub=LAPA&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7993-4689-3&rft.au=Erik+Holm+%26+Anna+Sophia+Dippenaar-Schoeman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcdysis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecdysis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ecdysis" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ecdysis">Ecdysis</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ecdysis&oldid=1224532011">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ecdysis&oldid=1224532011</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_developmental_biology" title="Category:Animal developmental biology">Animal developmental biology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Protostome_anatomy" title="Category:Protostome anatomy">Protostome anatomy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethology" title="Category:Ethology">Ethology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_May_2024" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2024">Articles needing additional references from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_in-text_citations_from_May_2024" title="Category:Articles lacking in-text citations from May 2024">Articles lacking in-text citations from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_in-text_citations" title="Category:All articles lacking in-text citations">All articles lacking in-text citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 May 2024, at 23:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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