CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Compressor - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"49b1b342-d6cc-49c4-bb6b-7ce8054c7764","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Compressor","wgTitle":"Compressor","wgCurRevisionId":1258734840,"wgRevisionId":1258734840,"wgArticleId":508504,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 errors: generic name","CS1 maint: unfit URL","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","All Wikipedia articles needing clarification","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2018","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2014","Commons category link is on Wikidata", "Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via Module:Annotated link","Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning","Gas compressors","Diving support equipment","Gas technologies","Industrial gases"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Compressor","wgRelevantArticleId":508504,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain" :false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q178898","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.math.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Small_stationary_Bauer_HP_compressor_installation_DSC09403.JPG/1200px-Small_stationary_Bauer_HP_compressor_installation_DSC09403.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Small_stationary_Bauer_HP_compressor_installation_DSC09403.JPG/800px-Small_stationary_Bauer_HP_compressor_installation_DSC09403.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Small_stationary_Bauer_HP_compressor_installation_DSC09403.JPG/640px-Small_stationary_Bauer_HP_compressor_installation_DSC09403.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Compressor - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressor"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressor"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Compressor rootpage-Compressor skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Compressor" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Compressor" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Compressor" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Compressor" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Positive_displacement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positive_displacement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Positive displacement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positive_displacement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reciprocating_compressors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reciprocating_compressors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Reciprocating compressors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reciprocating_compressors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ionic_liquid_piston_compressor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ionic_liquid_piston_compressor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Ionic liquid piston compressor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ionic_liquid_piston_compressor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rotary_screw_compressors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rotary_screw_compressors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Rotary screw compressors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rotary_screw_compressors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rotary_vane_compressors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rotary_vane_compressors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Rotary vane compressors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rotary_vane_compressors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rolling_piston" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rolling_piston"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>Rolling piston</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rolling_piston-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scroll_compressors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scroll_compressors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.6</span> <span>Scroll compressors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scroll_compressors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diaphragm_compressors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diaphragm_compressors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.7</span> <span>Diaphragm compressors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diaphragm_compressors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dynamic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dynamic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Dynamic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dynamic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air_bubble_compressor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_bubble_compressor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Air bubble compressor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_bubble_compressor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Centrifugal_compressors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centrifugal_compressors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Centrifugal compressors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centrifugal_compressors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagonal_or_mixed-flow_compressors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagonal_or_mixed-flow_compressors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Diagonal or mixed-flow compressors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diagonal_or_mixed-flow_compressors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Axial_compressors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Axial_compressors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Axial compressors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Axial_compressors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hermetically_sealed,_open,_or_semi-hermetic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hermetically_sealed,_open,_or_semi-hermetic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Hermetically sealed, open, or semi-hermetic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hermetically_sealed,_open,_or_semi-hermetic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thermodynamics_of_gas_compression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thermodynamics_of_gas_compression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Thermodynamics of gas compression</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Thermodynamics_of_gas_compression-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Thermodynamics of gas compression subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Thermodynamics_of_gas_compression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Isentropic_compressor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isentropic_compressor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Isentropic compressor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isentropic_compressor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minimizing_work_required_by_a_compressor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minimizing_work_required_by_a_compressor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Minimizing work required by a compressor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minimizing_work_required_by_a_compressor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comparing_reversible_to_irreversible_compressors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparing_reversible_to_irreversible_compressors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Comparing reversible to irreversible compressors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparing_reversible_to_irreversible_compressors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effect_of_cooling_during_the_compression_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect_of_cooling_during_the_compression_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Effect of cooling during the compression process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effect_of_cooling_during_the_compression_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compressors_in_ideal_thermodynamic_cycles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compressors_in_ideal_thermodynamic_cycles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Compressors in ideal thermodynamic cycles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compressors_in_ideal_thermodynamic_cycles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Temperature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Temperature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Temperature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Temperature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Staged_compression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Staged_compression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Staged compression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Staged_compression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drive_motors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drive_motors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Drive motors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drive_motors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lubrication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lubrication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Lubrication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lubrication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Compressor</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaskompressor" title="Gaskompressor – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gaskompressor" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%B7_%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="ضاغط غاز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ضاغط غاز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompressor" title="Kompressor – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kompressor" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кампрэсар – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кампрэсар" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Компресор – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Компресор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressor" title="Compressor – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Compressor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompresor" title="Kompresor – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kompresor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaskompressor" title="Gaskompressor – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gaskompressor" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdichter" title="Verdichter – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verdichter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompressor" title="Kompressor – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kompressor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%82" title="Αεροσυμπιεστής – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αεροσυμπιεστής" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compresor_(m%C3%A1quina)" title="Compresor (máquina) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Compresor (máquina)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunpremilo" title="Kunpremilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kunpremilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konpresore" title="Konpresore – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Konpresore" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1" title="کمپرسور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کمپرسور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compresseur_m%C3%A9canique" title="Compresseur mécanique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Compresseur mécanique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comhbhr%C3%BAiteoir_aeir" title="Comhbhrúiteoir aeir – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Comhbhrúiteoir aeir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compresor_(m%C3%A1quina)" title="Compresor (máquina) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Compresor (máquina)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%95%EC%B6%95%EA%B8%B0" title="압축기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="압축기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%BA%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Կոմպրեսոր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոմպրեսոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%95" title="गैस संपीडक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गैस संपीडक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompresor" title="Kompresor – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kompresor" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompresor" title="Kompresor – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kompresor" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressore" title="Compressore – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Compressore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Компрессор – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Компрессор" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Компрессор – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Компрессор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompresors" title="Kompresors – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kompresors" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompresorius" title="Kompresorius – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kompresorius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompresszor" title="Kompresszor – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kompresszor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0" title="कॉम्प्रेसर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॉम्प्रेसर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemampat" title="Pemampat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemampat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хийн компрессор – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хийн компрессор" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressor_(gas)" title="Compressor (gas) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Compressor (gas)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A7%E7%B8%AE%E6%A9%9F" title="圧縮機 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="圧縮機" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasskompressor" title="Gasskompressor – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gasskompressor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasskompressor" title="Gasskompressor – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gasskompressor" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompressor" title="Kompressor – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kompressor" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spr%C4%99%C5%BCarka" title="Sprężarka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sprężarka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressor" title="Compressor – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Compressor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compresor" title="Compresor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Compresor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Компрессор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Компрессор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_compressor" title="Gas compressor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gas compressor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompresor_(plyn)" title="Kompresor (plyn) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kompresor (plyn)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompresor" title="Kompresor – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kompresor" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompresor" title="Kompresor – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kompresor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompressori" title="Kompressori – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kompressori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompressor" title="Kompressor – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kompressor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="அழுத்தி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அழுத்தி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Кәмприсер – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кәмприсер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="คอมเพรสเซอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอมเพรสเซอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz_kompres%C3%B6r%C3%BC" title="Gaz kompresörü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gaz kompresörü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Компресор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Компресор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="گیس دابگر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گیس دابگر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_n%C3%A9n_kh%C3%AD" title="Máy nén khí – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Máy nén khí" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E7%B8%AE%E6%A9%9F" title="壓縮機 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="壓縮機" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9%E6%9C%BA" title="压缩机 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="压缩机" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q178898#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Compressor" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Compressor" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Compressor"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Compressor"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Compressor" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Compressor" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&oldid=1258734840" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Compressor&id=1258734840&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCompressor"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCompressor"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Compressor&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Compressors" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q178898" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Machine to increase pressure of gas by reducing its volume</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Compressor_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Compressor (disambiguation)">Compressor (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Small_stationary_Bauer_HP_compressor_installation_DSC09403.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Small_stationary_Bauer_HP_compressor_installation_DSC09403.JPG/220px-Small_stationary_Bauer_HP_compressor_installation_DSC09403.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Small_stationary_Bauer_HP_compressor_installation_DSC09403.JPG/330px-Small_stationary_Bauer_HP_compressor_installation_DSC09403.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Small_stationary_Bauer_HP_compressor_installation_DSC09403.JPG/440px-Small_stationary_Bauer_HP_compressor_installation_DSC09403.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A small stationary high pressure breathing air compressor for filling scuba cylinders</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlas_Copco_XASS_-_Ystad-2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Atlas_Copco_XASS_-_Ystad-2024.jpg/220px-Atlas_Copco_XASS_-_Ystad-2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Atlas_Copco_XASS_-_Ystad-2024.jpg/330px-Atlas_Copco_XASS_-_Ystad-2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Atlas_Copco_XASS_-_Ystad-2024.jpg/440px-Atlas_Copco_XASS_-_Ystad-2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1779" data-file-height="1350" /></a><figcaption>A powerful compressor for street work. Model XASS from <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Copco" title="Atlas Copco">Atlas Copco</a> circa 1985.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gas_Compressor_wellsite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gas_Compressor_wellsite.jpg/220px-Gas_Compressor_wellsite.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gas_Compressor_wellsite.jpg/330px-Gas_Compressor_wellsite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gas_Compressor_wellsite.jpg/440px-Gas_Compressor_wellsite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Natural gas compressor at a gas well</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:High_pressure_compressor_BellisMorcom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/High_pressure_compressor_BellisMorcom.jpg/220px-High_pressure_compressor_BellisMorcom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/High_pressure_compressor_BellisMorcom.jpg/330px-High_pressure_compressor_BellisMorcom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/High_pressure_compressor_BellisMorcom.jpg/440px-High_pressure_compressor_BellisMorcom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>High pressure reciprocating compressor from Belliss and Morcom, used in the bottling industry</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>compressor</b> is a mechanical device that increases the <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> by reducing its <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Air_compressor" title="Air compressor">air compressor</a> is a specific type of gas compressor. </p><p>Many compressors can be staged, that is, the gas is compressed several times in steps or stages, to increase discharge pressure. Often, the second stage is physically smaller than the primary stage, to accommodate the already compressed gas without reducing its pressure. Each stage further compresses the gas and increases its pressure and also temperature (if inter cooling between stages is not used). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Compressors are similar to <a href="/wiki/Pump" title="Pump">pumps</a>: both increase the pressure on a <a href="/wiki/Fluid" title="Fluid">fluid</a> (such as a gas) and both can transport the fluid through a <a href="/wiki/Pipe_(material)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipe (material)">pipe</a>. The main distinction is that the focus of a compressor is to change the density or volume of the fluid, which is mostly only achievable on gases. Gases are compressible, while liquids are relatively incompressible, so compressors are rarely used for liquids. The main action of a pump is to pressurize and transport liquids. </p><p>The main and important types of gas compressors are illustrated and discussed below: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Gas-compressors-types-yed.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Gas-compressors-types-yed.png" decoding="async" width="839" height="336" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Positive_displacement">Positive displacement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Positive displacement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A positive displacement compressor is a system that compresses the air by the displacement of a mechanical linkage reducing the volume (since the reduction in volume due to a piston in thermodynamics is considered as positive displacement of the piston).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague. (May 2018)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Put another way, a positive displacement compressor is one that operates by drawing in a discrete volume of gas from its inlet then forcing that gas to exit via the compressor's outlet. The increase in the pressure of the gas is due, at least in part, to the compressor pumping it at a mass flow rate which cannot pass through the outlet at the lower pressure and density of the inlet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reciprocating_compressors">Reciprocating compressors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reciprocating compressors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_compressor" title="Reciprocating compressor">Reciprocating compressor</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ReciprocatingCompressor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/ReciprocatingCompressor.jpg/220px-ReciprocatingCompressor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/ReciprocatingCompressor.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="231" /></a><figcaption>A motor-driven six-cylinder reciprocating compressor that can operate with two, four or six cylinders.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Reciprocating compressors</b> use <a href="/wiki/Piston" title="Piston">pistons</a> driven by a crankshaft. They can be either stationary or portable, can be single or multi-staged, and can be driven by electric motors or internal combustion engines.<sup id="cite_ref-Perry_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Small reciprocating compressors from 5 to 30 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">horsepower</a> (hp) are commonly seen in automotive applications and are typically for intermittent duty. Larger reciprocating compressors well over 1,000 hp (750 kW) are commonly found in large industrial and petroleum applications. <a href="/wiki/Discharge_pressure" title="Discharge pressure">Discharge pressures</a> can range from low pressure to very high pressure (>18000 psi or 124 MPa). In certain applications, such as air compression, multi-stage double-acting compressors are said to be the most efficient compressors available, and are typically larger, and more costly than comparable rotary units.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another type of reciprocating compressor, usually employed in automotive cabin <a href="/wiki/Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">air conditioning</a> systems,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> is the swash plate or wobble plate compressor, which uses pistons moved by a swash plate mounted on a shaft (see <i><a href="/wiki/Axial_piston_pump" title="Axial piston pump">axial piston pump</a></i>). </p><p>Household, home workshop, and smaller job site compressors are typically reciprocating compressors 1.5 hp (1.1 kW) or less with an attached receiver tank. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Linear_compressor" title="Linear compressor">linear compressor</a> is a reciprocating compressor with the piston being the rotor of a linear motor. </p><p>This type of compressor can compress a wide range of gases, including refrigerant, hydrogen, and natural gas. Because of this, it finds use in a wide range of applications in many different industries and can be designed to a wide range of capacities, by varying size, number of cylinders, and cylinder unloading. However, it suffers from higher losses due to clearance volumes, resistance due to discharge and suction valves, weighs more, is difficult to maintain due to having a large number of moving parts, and it has inherent vibration.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ionic_liquid_piston_compressor">Ionic liquid piston compressor</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ionic liquid piston compressor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ionic_liquid_piston_compressor" title="Ionic liquid piston compressor">Ionic liquid piston compressor</a></div> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Ionic_liquid_piston_compressor" title="Ionic liquid piston compressor">ionic liquid piston compressor</a>, <i>ionic compressor</i> or <i>ionic liquid piston pump</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_compressor" title="Hydrogen compressor">hydrogen compressor</a> based on an <a href="/wiki/Ionic_liquid" title="Ionic liquid">ionic liquid</a> piston instead of a metal piston as in a piston-metal <a href="/wiki/Diaphragm_compressor" title="Diaphragm compressor">diaphragm compressor</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rotary_screw_compressors">Rotary screw compressors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rotary screw compressors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RotaryScrewCompressor.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="www" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/RotaryScrewCompressor.gif/220px-RotaryScrewCompressor.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/RotaryScrewCompressor.gif/330px-RotaryScrewCompressor.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/RotaryScrewCompressor.gif 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="252" /></a><figcaption>aDiagram of a rotary screw compressor</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rotary_screw_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotary screw compressor">Rotary screw compressor</a></div> <p><b>Rotary screw compressors</b> use two meshed rotating positive-displacement <a href="/wiki/Helix" title="Helix">helical screws</a> to force the gas into a smaller space.<sup id="cite_ref-Perry_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are usually used for continuous operation in commercial and industrial applications and may be either stationary or portable. Their application can be from 3 horsepower (2.2 kW) to over 1,200 horsepower (890 kW) and from low pressure to moderately high pressure (>1,200 psi or 8.3 MPa). </p><p>The classifications of rotary screw compressors vary based on stages, cooling methods, and drive types among others.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rotary screw compressors are commercially produced in Oil Flooded, Water Flooded and Dry type. The efficiency of rotary compressors depends on the air drier,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2014)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and the selection of air drier is always 1.5 times volumetric delivery of the compressor.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Designs with a single screw<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or three screws<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> instead of two exist. </p><p>Screw compressors have fewer moving components, larger capacity, less vibration and surging, can operate at variable speeds, and typically have higher efficiency. Small sizes or low rotor speeds are not practical due to inherent leaks caused by clearance between the compression cavities or screws and compressor housing.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They depend on fine machining tolerances to avoid high leakage losses and are prone to damage if operated incorrectly or poorly serviced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rotary_vane_compressors">Rotary vane compressors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rotary vane compressors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rotary_vane_pump.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Rotary_vane_pump.svg/300px-Rotary_vane_pump.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Rotary_vane_pump.svg/450px-Rotary_vane_pump.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Rotary_vane_pump.svg/600px-Rotary_vane_pump.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Eccentric rotary-vane pump</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rotary_vane_pump" title="Rotary vane pump">Rotary vane pump</a></div> <p><b>Rotary vane compressors</b> consist of a rotor with a number of blades inserted in radial slots in the rotor. The rotor is mounted offset in a larger housing that is either circular or a more complex shape. As the rotor turns, blades slide in and out of the slots keeping contact with the outer wall of the housing.<sup id="cite_ref-Perry_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, a series of increasing and decreasing volumes is created by the rotating blades. Rotary vane compressors are, with piston compressors one of the oldest of compressor technologies. </p><p>With suitable port connections, the devices may be either a compressor or a vacuum pump. They can be either stationary or portable, can be single or multi-staged, and can be driven by electric motors or internal combustion engines. Dry vane machines are used at relatively low pressures (e.g., 2 bar or 200 kPa or 29 psi) for bulk material movement while oil-injected machines have the necessary volumetric efficiency to achieve pressures up to about 13 bar (1,300 kPa; 190 psi) in a single stage. A rotary vane compressor is well suited to electric motor drive and is significantly quieter in operation than the equivalent piston compressor. </p><p>Rotary vane compressors can have mechanical efficiencies of about 90%.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rolling_piston">Rolling piston</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rolling piston"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rollkolbenverdichter.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Rollkolbenverdichter.png/220px-Rollkolbenverdichter.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Rollkolbenverdichter.png/330px-Rollkolbenverdichter.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Rollkolbenverdichter.png/440px-Rollkolbenverdichter.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption>Rolling piston compressor</figcaption></figure> <p>The Rolling piston in a rolling piston style compressor plays the part of a partition between the vane and the rotor.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rolling piston forces gas against a stationary vane. </p><p>2 of these compressors can be mounted on the same shaft to increase capacity and reduce vibration and noise.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A design without a spring is known as a swing compressor.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In refrigeration and air conditioning, this type of compressor is also known as a rotary compressor, with rotary screw compressors being also known simply as screw compressors. </p><p>It offers higher efficiency than reciprocating compressors due to less losses from the clearance volume between the piston and the compressor casing, it's 40% to 50% smaller and lighter for a given capacity (which can impact material and shipping costs when used in a product), causes less vibration, has fewer components and is more reliable than a reciprocating compressor. But its structure does not allow capacities beyond 5 refrigeration tons, is less reliable than other compressor types, and is less efficient than other compressor types due to losses from the clearance volume.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scroll_compressors">Scroll compressors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Scroll compressors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_moving_spirals_scroll_pump.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Two_moving_spirals_scroll_pump.gif" decoding="async" width="159" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="159" data-file-height="152" /></a><figcaption>Mechanism of a scroll pump</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Scroll_compressor" title="Scroll compressor">Scroll compressor</a></div> <p>A <b>scroll compressor</b>, also known as <b>scroll pump</b> and <b>scroll vacuum pump</b>, uses two interleaved spiral-like vanes to <a href="/wiki/Pump" title="Pump">pump</a> or compress <a href="/wiki/Fluid" title="Fluid">fluids</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Liquids" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquids">liquids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gases</a>. The vane geometry may be <a href="/wiki/Involute" title="Involute">involute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archimedean_spiral" title="Archimedean spiral">archimedean spiral</a>, or hybrid curves.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They operate more smoothly, quietly, and reliably than other types of compressors in the lower volume range. </p><p>Often, one of the scrolls is fixed, while the other orbits eccentrically without rotating, thereby trapping and pumping or compressing pockets of fluid between the scrolls. </p><p>Due to minimum clearance volume between the fixed scroll and the orbiting scroll, these compressors have a very high <a href="/wiki/Volumetric_efficiency" title="Volumetric efficiency">volumetric efficiency</a>. </p><p>These compressors are extensively used in air conditioning and refrigeration because they are lighter, smaller and have fewer moving parts than reciprocating compressors and they are also more reliable. They are more expensive though, so peltier coolers or rotary and reciprocating compressors may be used in applications where cost is the most important or one of the most important factors to consider when designing a refrigeration or air conditioning system. </p><p>This type of compressor was used as the <a href="/wiki/G-Lader" title="G-Lader">supercharger</a> on Volkswagen G60 and G40 engines in the early 1990s. </p><p>When compared with reciprocating and rolling piston compressors, scroll compressors are more reliable since they have fewer components and have a simpler structure, are more efficient since they have no clearance volume nor valves, and possess the advantages both of surging less and not vibrating so much. But, when compared with screw and centrifugal compressors, scroll compressors have lower efficiencies and smaller capacities.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Diaphragm_compressors">Diaphragm compressors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Diaphragm compressors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Diaphragm_compressor" title="Diaphragm compressor">Diaphragm compressor</a></div> <p>A <b>diaphragm compressor</b> (also known as a <b>membrane compressor</b>) is a variant of the conventional reciprocating compressor. The compression of gas occurs by the movement of a flexible membrane, instead of an intake element. The back-and-forth movement of the membrane is driven by a rod and a crankshaft mechanism. Only the membrane and the compressor box come in contact with the gas being compressed.<sup id="cite_ref-Perry_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The degree of flexing and the material constituting the diaphragm affects the maintenance life of the equipment. Generally stiff metal diaphragms may only displace a few cubic centimeters of volume because the metal cannot endure large degrees of flexing without cracking, but the stiffness of a metal diaphragm allows it to pump at high pressures. Rubber or silicone diaphragms are capable of enduring deep pumping strokes of very high flexion, but their low strength limits their use to low-pressure applications, and they need to be replaced as plastic embrittlement occurs. </p><p>Diaphragm compressors are used for hydrogen and compressed natural gas (<a href="/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">CNG</a>) as well as in a number of other applications. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DiaphragmCompressor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/DiaphragmCompressor.jpg/220px-DiaphragmCompressor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/DiaphragmCompressor.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="248" /></a><figcaption>A three-stage diaphragm compressor</figcaption></figure> <p>The photograph on the right depicts a three-stage diaphragm compressor used to compress hydrogen gas to 6,000 psi (41 MPa) for use in a prototype <a href="/wiki/Compressed_hydrogen" title="Compressed hydrogen">compressed hydrogen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">compressed natural gas</a> (CNG) fueling station built in downtown <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix, Arizona</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Public_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Arizona Public Service">Arizona Public Service</a> company (an electric utilities company). <a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_compressor" title="Reciprocating compressor">Reciprocating compressors</a> were used to compress the <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>. The reciprocating natural gas compressor was developed by <a href="/wiki/Sertco" title="Sertco">Sertco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prototype <a href="/wiki/Alternative_fuel" title="Alternative fuel">alternative fueling</a> station was built in compliance with all of the prevailing safety, environmental and building codes in Phoenix to demonstrate that such fueling stations could be built in urban areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dynamic">Dynamic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dynamic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Air_bubble_compressor">Air bubble compressor</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Air bubble compressor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Also known as a <a href="/wiki/Trompe" title="Trompe">trompe</a>. A mixture of air and water generated through turbulence is allowed to fall into a subterranean chamber where the air separates from the water. The weight of falling water compresses the air in the top of the chamber. A submerged outlet from the chamber allows water to flow to the surface at a lower height than the intake. An outlet in the roof of the chamber supplies the compressed air to the surface. A facility on this principle was built on the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_River_(Timiskaming_District)" title="Montreal River (Timiskaming District)">Montreal River</a> at Ragged Shutes near <a href="/wiki/Cobalt,_Ontario" title="Cobalt, Ontario">Cobalt, Ontario</a> in 1910 and supplied 5,000 horsepower to nearby mines.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Centrifugal_compressors">Centrifugal compressors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Centrifugal compressors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CentrifugalCompressor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/CentrifugalCompressor.jpg" decoding="async" width="216" height="157" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="157" /></a><figcaption>A single stage centrifugal compressor</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fan,_before_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Fan%2C_before_1945.jpg/220px-Fan%2C_before_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Fan%2C_before_1945.jpg/330px-Fan%2C_before_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Fan%2C_before_1945.jpg/440px-Fan%2C_before_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a><figcaption>A single stage centrifugal compressor, early 1900s, G. Schiele & Co., Frankfurt am Main</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_compressor" title="Centrifugal compressor">Centrifugal compressor</a></div> <p><b>Centrifugal compressors</b> use a rotating disk or <a href="/wiki/Impeller" title="Impeller">impeller</a> in a shaped housing to force the gas to the rim of the impeller, increasing the velocity of the gas. A diffuser (divergent duct) section converts the velocity energy to pressure energy. They are primarily used for continuous, stationary service in industries such as <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">oil refineries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_plant" title="Chemical plant">chemical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petrochemical" title="Petrochemical">petrochemical</a> plants and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural gas processing">natural gas processing</a> plants.<sup id="cite_ref-Perry_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their application can be from 100 horsepower (75 kW) to thousands of horsepower. With multiple staging, they can achieve high output pressures greater than 1,000 psi (6.9 MPa). </p><p>This type of compressor, along with screw compressors, are extensively used in large refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Magnetic bearing (magnetically levitated) and air bearing centrifugal compressors exist. </p><p>Many large <a href="/wiki/Snowmaking" title="Snowmaking">snowmaking</a> operations (like <a href="/wiki/Ski_resorts" class="mw-redirect" title="Ski resorts">ski resorts</a>) use this type of compressor. They are also used in internal combustion engines as <a href="/wiki/Supercharger" title="Supercharger">superchargers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">turbochargers</a>. Centrifugal compressors are used in small <a href="/wiki/Gas_turbine" title="Gas turbine">gas turbine</a> <a href="/wiki/Engine" title="Engine">engines</a> or as the final compression stage of medium-sized gas turbines. </p><p>Centrifugal compressors are the largest available compressors, offer higher efficiencies under partial loads, may be oil-free when using air or magnetic bearings which increases the heat transfer coefficient in evaporators and condensers, weigh up to 90% less and occupy 50% less space than reciprocating compressors, are reliable and cost less to maintain since less components are exposed to wear, and only generate minimal vibration. But, their initial cost is higher, require highly precise <a href="/wiki/CNC" class="mw-redirect" title="CNC">CNC</a> machining, the impeller needs to rotate at high speeds making small compressors impractical, and surging becomes more likely.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surging is gas flow reversal, meaning that the gas goes from the discharge to the suction side, which can cause serious damage, specially in the compressor bearings and its drive shaft. It is caused by a pressure on the discharge side that is higher than the output pressure of the compressor. This can cause gases to flow back and forth between the compressor and whatever is connected to its discharge line, causing oscillations.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Diagonal_or_mixed-flow_compressors">Diagonal or mixed-flow compressors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Diagonal or mixed-flow compressors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Diagonal</b> or <b><a href="/wiki/Mixed-flow_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed-flow compressor">mixed-flow compressors</a></b> are similar to centrifugal compressors, but have a radial and axial velocity component at the exit from the rotor. The diffuser is often used to turn diagonal flow to an axial rather than radial direction.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Comparative to the conventional centrifugal compressor (of the same stage pressure ratio), the value of the speed of the mixed flow compressor is 1.5 times larger.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Axial_compressors">Axial compressors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Axial compressors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Axial_compressor.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Axial_compressor.gif/220px-Axial_compressor.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Axial_compressor.gif/330px-Axial_compressor.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Axial_compressor.gif 2x" data-file-width="358" data-file-height="295" /></a><figcaption>An animation of an axial compressor.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Axial_compressor" title="Axial compressor">Axial compressor</a></div> <p><b>Axial compressors</b> are dynamic rotating compressors that use arrays of fan-like <a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">airfoils</a> to progressively compress a fluid. They are used where high flow rates or a compact design are required. </p><p>The arrays of airfoils are set in rows, usually as pairs: one rotating and one stationary. The rotating airfoils, also known as blades or <i>rotors</i>, accelerate the fluid. The stationary airfoils, also known as <i>stators</i> or vanes, decelerate and redirect the flow direction of the fluid, preparing it for the rotor blades of the next stage.<sup id="cite_ref-Perry_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Axial compressors are almost always multi-staged, with the cross-sectional area of the gas passage diminishing along the compressor to maintain an optimum axial <a href="/wiki/Mach_number" title="Mach number">Mach number</a>. Beyond about 5 stages or a 4:1 design pressure ratio a compressor will not function unless fitted with features such as stationary vanes with variable angles (known as variable inlet guide vanes and variable stators), the ability to allow some air to escape part-way along the compressor (known as interstage bleed) and being split into more than one rotating assembly (known as twin spools, for example). </p><p>Axial compressors can have high efficiencies; around 90% <a href="/wiki/Polytropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polytropic">polytropic</a> at their design conditions. However, they are relatively expensive, requiring a large number of components, tight tolerances and high quality materials. Axial compressors are used in medium to large <a href="/wiki/Gas_turbine" title="Gas turbine">gas turbine</a> engines, natural gas pumping stations, and some chemical plants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hermetically_sealed,_open,_or_semi-hermetic"><span id="Hermetically_sealed.2C_open.2C_or_semi-hermetic"></span><span class="anchor" id="Hermetically-sealed_compressor"></span> Hermetically sealed, open, or semi-hermetic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hermetically sealed, open, or semi-hermetic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ledni%C4%8Dka_Zanussi_ZRA_319_SW,_kompresor_s_odpa%C5%99ovac%C3%AD_miskou_(002).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ledni%C4%8Dka_Zanussi_ZRA_319_SW%2C_kompresor_s_odpa%C5%99ovac%C3%AD_miskou_%28002%29.JPG/220px-Ledni%C4%8Dka_Zanussi_ZRA_319_SW%2C_kompresor_s_odpa%C5%99ovac%C3%AD_miskou_%28002%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ledni%C4%8Dka_Zanussi_ZRA_319_SW%2C_kompresor_s_odpa%C5%99ovac%C3%AD_miskou_%28002%29.JPG/330px-Ledni%C4%8Dka_Zanussi_ZRA_319_SW%2C_kompresor_s_odpa%C5%99ovac%C3%AD_miskou_%28002%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ledni%C4%8Dka_Zanussi_ZRA_319_SW%2C_kompresor_s_odpa%C5%99ovac%C3%AD_miskou_%28002%29.JPG/440px-Ledni%C4%8Dka_Zanussi_ZRA_319_SW%2C_kompresor_s_odpa%C5%99ovac%C3%AD_miskou_%28002%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4416" data-file-height="3312" /></a><figcaption>A small hermetically sealed compressor in a common consumer <a href="/wiki/Refrigerator" title="Refrigerator">refrigerator</a> or <a href="/wiki/Freezer" class="mw-redirect" title="Freezer">freezer</a> typically has a rounded steel outer shell permanently welded shut, which seals operating gases inside the system, in this case an <a href="/wiki/Isobutane" title="Isobutane">R600a</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_refrigerants" title="List of refrigerants">refrigerant</a>. There is no route for gases to leak, such as around motor shaft seals. On this model, the plastic top section is part of an <a href="/wiki/Auto-defrost" title="Auto-defrost">auto-defrost</a> system that uses motor heat to evaporate the water.</figcaption></figure> <p>Compressors used in <a href="/wiki/Vapor-compression_refrigeration" title="Vapor-compression refrigeration">refrigeration</a> systems must exhibit near-zero leakage to avoid the loss of the <a href="/wiki/Refrigerant" title="Refrigerant">refrigerant</a> if they are to function for years without service. This necessitates the use of very effective seals, or even the elimination of all seals and openings to form a <a href="/wiki/Hermetic_seal" title="Hermetic seal">hermetic</a> system. These compressors are often described as being either <b>hermetic</b>, <b>open</b>, or <b>semi-hermetic</b>, to describe how the compressor is enclosed and how the <a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">motor</a> drive is situated in relation to the gas or vapor being compressed. Some compressors outside of refrigeration service may also be hermetically sealed to some extent, typically when handling toxic, polluting, or expensive gasses, with most non-refrigeration applications being in the petrochemical industry. </p><p>In hermetic and most semi-hermetic compressors, the compressor and motor driving the compressor are integrated, and operate within the pressurized gas envelope of the system. The motor is designed to operate in, and be cooled by, the refrigerant gas being compressed. Open compressors have an external motor driving a shaft that passes through the body of the compressor and rely on rotary seals around the shaft to retain the internal pressure. </p><p>The difference between the hermetic and semi-hermetic, is that the hermetic uses a one-piece welded steel casing that cannot be opened for repair; if the hermetic fails it is simply replaced with an entire new unit. A semi-hermetic uses a large cast metal shell with gasketed covers with screws that can be opened to replace motor and compressor components. The primary advantage of a hermetic and semi-hermetic is that there is no route for the gas to leak out of the system. The main advantages of open compressors is that they can be driven by any motive power source, allowing the most appropriate motor to be selected for the application, or even non-electric power sources such as an <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion engine</a> or steam <a href="/wiki/Turbine" title="Turbine">turbine</a>, and secondly the motor of an open compressor can be serviced without opening any part of the refrigerant system. </p><p>An open pressurized system such as an automobile air conditioner can be more susceptible to leak its operating gases. Open systems rely on lubricant in the system to splash on pump components and seals. If it is not operated frequently enough, the lubricant on the seals slowly evaporates, and then the seals begin to leak until the system is no longer functional and must be recharged. By comparison, a hermetic or semi-hermetic system can sit unused for years, and can usually be started up again at any time without requiring maintenance or experiencing any loss of system pressure. Even well lubricated seals will leak a small amount of gas over time, particularly if the refrigeration gasses are soluble in the lubricating oil, but if the seals are well manufactured and maintained this loss is very low. </p><p>The disadvantage of hermetic compressors is that the motor drive cannot be repaired or maintained, and the entire compressor must be replaced if a motor fails. A further disadvantage is that burnt-out windings can contaminate the whole systems, thereby requiring the system to be entirely pumped down and the gas replaced (This can also happen in semi hermetic compressors where the motor operates in the refrigerant). Typically, hermetic compressors are used in low-cost factory-assembled consumer goods where the cost of repair and labor is high compared to the value of the device, and it would be more economical to just purchase a new device or compressor. Semi-hermetic compressors are used in mid-sized to large refrigeration and air conditioning systems, where it is cheaper to repair and/or refurbish the compressor compared to the price of a new one. A hermetic compressor is simpler and cheaper to build than a semi-hermetic or open compressor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Thermodynamics_of_gas_compression">Thermodynamics of gas compression</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Thermodynamics of gas compression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isentropic_compressor">Isentropic compressor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Isentropic compressor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A compressor can be idealized as internally reversible and <a href="/wiki/Adiabatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adiabatic">adiabatic</a>, thus an <a href="/wiki/Isentropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Isentropic">isentropic</a> steady state device, meaning the change in <a href="/wiki/Entropy" title="Entropy">entropy</a> is 0.<sup id="cite_ref-Cengel,_Yunus_A._2012_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cengel,_Yunus_A._2012-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The enthalpy change for a flow process can be calculated.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>dH = VdP +TdS </p><p>Isentropic dS is zero. </p><p>dH = VdP </p><p>Non flow isentropic processes like some positive displacement compressors may use a different equation.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>dH = PdV </p><p>By defining the compression cycle as <a href="/wiki/Isentropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Isentropic">isentropic</a>, an ideal efficiency for the process can be attained, and the ideal compressor performance can be compared to the actual performance of the machine. Isotropic Compression as used in <a href="/wiki/ASME" class="mw-redirect" title="ASME">ASME</a> PTC 10 Code refers to a reversible, adiabatic compression process<sup id="cite_ref-PTC_10_-_Compressors_and_Exhauters_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PTC_10_-_Compressors_and_Exhauters-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Isentropic efficiency of Compressors: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \eta _{C}={\frac {\rm {Isentropic\;Compressor\;Work}}{\rm {Actual\;Compressor\;Work}}}={\frac {W_{s}}{W_{a}}}\cong {\frac {h_{2s}-h_{1}}{h_{2a}-h_{1}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>η</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">W</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">k</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>≅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \eta _{C}={\frac {\rm {Isentropic\;Compressor\;Work}}{\rm {Actual\;Compressor\;Work}}}={\frac {W_{s}}{W_{a}}}\cong {\frac {h_{2s}-h_{1}}{h_{2a}-h_{1}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7e5d1480bd947781a65cd55b55828a36f8f8b694" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:55.164ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \eta _{C}={\frac {\rm {Isentropic\;Compressor\;Work}}{\rm {Actual\;Compressor\;Work}}}={\frac {W_{s}}{W_{a}}}\cong {\frac {h_{2s}-h_{1}}{h_{2a}-h_{1}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/14e8880a2e4243a2fe5157e574a0547ef3d5d373" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.393ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h_{1}}"></span> is the <a href="/wiki/Enthalpy" title="Enthalpy">enthalpy</a> at the initial state</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h_{2a}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h_{2a}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/36df0352e5b3dd39f5ab19d687aa244785073264" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.263ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h_{2a}}"></span> is the <a href="/wiki/Enthalpy" title="Enthalpy">enthalpy</a> at the final state for the actual process</dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h_{2s}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>h</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h_{2s}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9c2cd6e753499063456fa89a51c72b64b82bcb53" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.164ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h_{2s}}"></span> is the <a href="/wiki/Enthalpy" title="Enthalpy">enthalpy</a> at the final state for the isentropic process</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minimizing_work_required_by_a_compressor">Minimizing work required by a compressor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Minimizing work required by a compressor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Comparing_reversible_to_irreversible_compressors">Comparing reversible to irreversible compressors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Comparing reversible to irreversible compressors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comparison of the differential form of the energy balance for each device. </p><p>Let <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle q}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>q</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle q}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/06809d64fa7c817ffc7e323f85997f783dbdf71d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.07ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle q}"></span> be heat, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>w</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/88b1e0c8e1be5ebe69d18a8010676fa42d7961e6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.664ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w}"></span> be work, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ke}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ke}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a669964c6bf7df2e18a47107b9192bdc694737a3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.295ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ke}"></span> be kinetic energy, and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle pe}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mi>e</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle pe}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/228e429a2c2663dda3d4f759e17c3e8e1f153d12" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:2.342ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle pe}"></span> be potential energy. </p><p>Actual Compressor:<br /> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta q_{act}-\delta w_{acteltaq_{act}}{T}\geq 0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>δ</mi> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <mi>δ</mi> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta q_{act}-\delta w_{acteltaq_{act}}{T}\geq 0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a9e428c82773e8e2d584d5948d502f7180c33e85" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:23.734ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta q_{act}-\delta w_{acteltaq_{act}}{T}\geq 0}"></span></dd></dl> <p><br />Furthermore, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ds\geq {\frac {\delta q_{act}}{T}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>d</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>δ</mi> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ds\geq {\frac {\delta q_{act}}{T}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/34258b732b13abf704dafce26cc4067b25c0ae26" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:10.734ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ds\geq {\frac {\delta q_{act}}{T}}}"></span> and T is [absolute temperature] (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T\geq 0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T\geq 0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/07251f925ce3c2848edcc56971479a8ac6f5f811" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.897ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T\geq 0}"></span>) which produces:<br /><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \delta w_{rev}\geq \delta w_{act}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>δ</mi> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>≥</mo> <mi>δ</mi> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \delta w_{rev}\geq \delta w_{act}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9edc0325c42b8628043e90a470feac9b9f595228" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.469ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \delta w_{rev}\geq \delta w_{act}}"></span> </p><p>or<br /><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle w_{rev}\geq w_{act}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>≥</mo> <msub> <mi>w</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle w_{rev}\geq w_{act}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7835adca6cae0bd0be8ab90638350fb776228e77" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.371ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle w_{rev}\geq w_{act}}"></span> </p><p>Therefore, work-consuming devices such as pumps and compressors (work is negative) require less work when they operate reversibly.<sup id="cite_ref-Cengel,_Yunus_A._2012_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cengel,_Yunus_A._2012-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Effect_of_cooling_during_the_compression_process">Effect of cooling during the compression process</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Effect of cooling during the compression process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Insetropic,polytropic,isothermal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Insetropic%2Cpolytropic%2Cisothermal.jpg/220px-Insetropic%2Cpolytropic%2Cisothermal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Insetropic%2Cpolytropic%2Cisothermal.jpg/330px-Insetropic%2Cpolytropic%2Cisothermal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Insetropic%2Cpolytropic%2Cisothermal.jpg/440px-Insetropic%2Cpolytropic%2Cisothermal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>P-v (Specific volume vs. Pressure) diagram comparing isentropic, polytropic, and isothermal processes between the same pressure limits.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Isentropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Isentropic">isentropic</a> process: involves no cooling,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Polytropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Polytropic">polytropic</a> process: involves some cooling<br /> <a href="/wiki/Isothermal" class="mw-redirect" title="Isothermal">isothermal</a> process: involves maximum cooling </p><p>By making the following assumptions the required work for the compressor to compress a gas from <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/398f438d75434e6fbf48dc232c1ad7228a738568" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}}"></span> to <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87858df7457aa93caaef5a316db87a7240cc8c29" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{2}}"></span> is the following for each process: <br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p><p><br /> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/398f438d75434e6fbf48dc232c1ad7228a738568" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}}"></span> and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87858df7457aa93caaef5a316db87a7240cc8c29" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{2}}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd>Flow processes VdP</dd> <dd>All processes are internally reversible</dd> <dd>The gas behaves like an <a href="/wiki/Ideal_gas" title="Ideal gas">ideal gas</a> with constant <a href="/wiki/Specific_heats" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific heats">specific heats</a></dd></dl> <p>Isentropic (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Pv^{k}=constant}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Pv^{k}=constant}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/686bb9745ac8bc663fe56f13542059048661920d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:15.984ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Pv^{k}=constant}"></span>, where <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k=C_{p}/C_{v}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>v</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k=C_{p}/C_{v}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f1d6bb3ec4031fbcd71aebb28627cf76182ab566" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:10.885ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k=C_{p}/C_{v}}"></span>): <br /> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{comp,in}={\frac {kR(T_{2}-T_{1})}{k-1}}={\frac {kRT_{1}}{k-1}}\left[\left({\frac {P_{2}}{P_{1}}}\right)^{(k-1)/k}-1\right]}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mi>R</mi> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>k</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{comp,in}={\frac {kR(T_{2}-T_{1})}{k-1}}={\frac {kRT_{1}}{k-1}}\left[\left({\frac {P_{2}}{P_{1}}}\right)^{(k-1)/k}-1\right]}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f66237aabf99ee9b418a2d6f24ad74ede633f82b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:53.972ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{comp,in}={\frac {kR(T_{2}-T_{1})}{k-1}}={\frac {kRT_{1}}{k-1}}\left[\left({\frac {P_{2}}{P_{1}}}\right)^{(k-1)/k}-1\right]}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Polytropic (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Pv^{n}=constant}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Pv^{n}=constant}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3be397cc54789a4da491bc2700a32599bde29d6e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:16.113ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Pv^{n}=constant}"></span>): <br /> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{comp,in}={\frac {nR(T_{2}-T_{1})}{n-1}}={\frac {nRT_{1}}{n-1}}\left[\left({\frac {P_{2}}{P_{1}}}\right)^{(n-1)/n}-1\right]}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mi>R</mi> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{comp,in}={\frac {nR(T_{2}-T_{1})}{n-1}}={\frac {nRT_{1}}{n-1}}\left[\left({\frac {P_{2}}{P_{1}}}\right)^{(n-1)/n}-1\right]}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/211f78478247060e357165ca0f969938f822c714" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:54.598ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{comp,in}={\frac {nR(T_{2}-T_{1})}{n-1}}={\frac {nRT_{1}}{n-1}}\left[\left({\frac {P_{2}}{P_{1}}}\right)^{(n-1)/n}-1\right]}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Isothermal (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T=constant}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T=constant}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/05a4da57ea555a5fc5c8bb01488f37dff0126c57" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:13.658ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T=constant}"></span> or <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Pv=constant}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Pv=constant}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8acdd1fefd18f58bb4832f6998c22461e5f6c063" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:14.895ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Pv=constant}"></span>): <br /> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W_{comp,in}=RTln\left({\frac {P_{2}}{P_{1}}}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>W</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>m</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W_{comp,in}=RTln\left({\frac {P_{2}}{P_{1}}}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7a03ce901b1970285e69271be444c5b1db39bd4e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:23.994ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W_{comp,in}=RTln\left({\frac {P_{2}}{P_{1}}}\right)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>By comparing the three internally reversible processes compressing an ideal gas from <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/398f438d75434e6fbf48dc232c1ad7228a738568" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{1}}"></span> to <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle P_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle P_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87858df7457aa93caaef5a316db87a7240cc8c29" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.547ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle P_{2}}"></span>, the results show that isentropic compression (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Pv^{k}=constant}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Pv^{k}=constant}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/686bb9745ac8bc663fe56f13542059048661920d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:15.984ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Pv^{k}=constant}"></span>) requires the most work in and the isothermal compression(<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T=constant}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T=constant}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/05a4da57ea555a5fc5c8bb01488f37dff0126c57" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:13.658ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T=constant}"></span> or <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Pv=constant}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <mi>v</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Pv=constant}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8acdd1fefd18f58bb4832f6998c22461e5f6c063" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:14.895ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Pv=constant}"></span>) requires the least amount of work in. For the polytropic process (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Pv^{n}=constant}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>P</mi> <msup> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Pv^{n}=constant}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3be397cc54789a4da491bc2700a32599bde29d6e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:16.113ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Pv^{n}=constant}"></span>) work decreases as the exponent, n, decreases, by increasing the heat rejection during the compression process. One common way of cooling the gas during compression is to use cooling jackets around the casing of the compressor.<sup id="cite_ref-Cengel,_Yunus_A._2012_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cengel,_Yunus_A._2012-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compressors_in_ideal_thermodynamic_cycles">Compressors in ideal thermodynamic cycles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Compressors in ideal thermodynamic cycles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ideal <a href="/wiki/Rankine_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Rankine Cycle">Rankine Cycle</a> 1->2 <a href="/wiki/Isentropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Isentropic">Isentropic</a> compression in a <a href="/wiki/Pump" title="Pump">pump</a> <br /> Ideal <a href="/wiki/Carnot_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnot Cycle">Carnot Cycle</a> 4->1 <a href="/wiki/Isentropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Isentropic">Isentropic</a> compression <br /> Ideal <a href="/wiki/Otto_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto Cycle">Otto Cycle</a> 1->2 <a href="/wiki/Isentropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Isentropic">Isentropic</a> compression <br /> Ideal <a href="/wiki/Diesel_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Diesel Cycle">Diesel Cycle</a> 1->2 <a href="/wiki/Isentropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Isentropic">Isentropic</a> compression <br /> Ideal <a href="/wiki/Brayton_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Brayton Cycle">Brayton Cycle</a> 1->2 <a href="/wiki/Isentropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Isentropic">Isentropic</a> compression in a compressor <br /> Ideal <a href="/wiki/Vapor-compression_refrigeration" title="Vapor-compression refrigeration"> Vapor-compression refrigeration Cycle</a> 1->2 <a href="/wiki/Isentropic" class="mw-redirect" title="Isentropic">Isentropic</a> compression in a compressor <br /> NOTE: The isentropic assumptions are only applicable with ideal cycles. Real world cycles have inherent losses due to inefficient compressors and turbines. The real world system are not truly isentropic but are rather idealized as isentropic for calculation purposes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temperature">Temperature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Temperature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gas_laws" title="Gas laws">Gas laws</a></div> <p>Compression of a gas increases its <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a>. </p><p>For a <a href="/wiki/Polytropic_process" title="Polytropic process">polytropic transformation</a> of a gas: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{cases}pV^{n}={\text{constant}}=p_{1}V_{1}^{n}=p_{2}V_{2}^{n}\Rightarrow {\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\ =\left({\frac {V_{1}}{V_{2}}}\right)^{n}&\\{\frac {p^{\frac {n-1}{n}}}{T}}={\text{constant}}={\frac {p_{1}^{\frac {n-1}{n}}}{T_{1}}}={\frac {p_{2}^{\frac {n-1}{n}}}{T_{2}}}\Rightarrow \left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)^{\frac {n-1}{n}}={\frac {T_{2}}{T_{1}}}&\end{cases}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mtable columnalign="left left" rowspacing=".2em" columnspacing="1em" displaystyle="false"> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>p</mi> <msup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>constant</mtext> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⇒</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mtd> <mtd /> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>constant</mtext> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msubsup> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msubsup> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </msubsup> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">⇒</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd /> </mtr> </mtable> <mo fence="true" stretchy="true" symmetric="true"></mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{cases}pV^{n}={\text{constant}}=p_{1}V_{1}^{n}=p_{2}V_{2}^{n}\Rightarrow {\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\ =\left({\frac {V_{1}}{V_{2}}}\right)^{n}&\\{\frac {p^{\frac {n-1}{n}}}{T}}={\text{constant}}={\frac {p_{1}^{\frac {n-1}{n}}}{T_{1}}}={\frac {p_{2}^{\frac {n-1}{n}}}{T_{2}}}\Rightarrow \left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)^{\frac {n-1}{n}}={\frac {T_{2}}{T_{1}}}&\end{cases}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/276f8871736af274393090cad5fadea53f9c16ef" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.911ex; margin-bottom: -0.26ex; width:56.796ex; height:11.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{cases}pV^{n}={\text{constant}}=p_{1}V_{1}^{n}=p_{2}V_{2}^{n}\Rightarrow {\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\ =\left({\frac {V_{1}}{V_{2}}}\right)^{n}&\\{\frac {p^{\frac {n-1}{n}}}{T}}={\text{constant}}={\frac {p_{1}^{\frac {n-1}{n}}}{T_{1}}}={\frac {p_{2}^{\frac {n-1}{n}}}{T_{2}}}\Rightarrow \left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)^{\frac {n-1}{n}}={\frac {T_{2}}{T_{1}}}&\end{cases}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>The work done for <a href="/wiki/Polytropic_process" title="Polytropic process">polytropic compression</a> (or expansion) of a gas into a closed cylinder. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W=\int _{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}pdV=p_{1}V_{1}^{n}\int _{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}V^{-n}dV={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}^{n}}{1-n}}(V_{2}^{1-n}-V_{1}^{1-n})={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}^{n}}{1-n}}V_{1}^{1-n}\left({\frac {V_{2}^{1-n}}{V_{1}^{1-n}}}-1\right)={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{1-n}}\left({\frac {V_{2}^{1-n}}{V_{1}^{1-n}}}-1\right)=}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>W</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi>p</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <msup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mi>d</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msubsup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>−</mo> <msubsup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msubsup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <msubsup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msubsup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msubsup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msubsup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W=\int _{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}pdV=p_{1}V_{1}^{n}\int _{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}V^{-n}dV={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}^{n}}{1-n}}(V_{2}^{1-n}-V_{1}^{1-n})={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}^{n}}{1-n}}V_{1}^{1-n}\left({\frac {V_{2}^{1-n}}{V_{1}^{1-n}}}-1\right)={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{1-n}}\left({\frac {V_{2}^{1-n}}{V_{1}^{1-n}}}-1\right)=}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e65a5fc013816b3d12b6de7d509d8f886086b854" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:114.809ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W=\int _{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}pdV=p_{1}V_{1}^{n}\int _{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}V^{-n}dV={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}^{n}}{1-n}}(V_{2}^{1-n}-V_{1}^{1-n})={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}^{n}}{1-n}}V_{1}^{1-n}\left({\frac {V_{2}^{1-n}}{V_{1}^{1-n}}}-1\right)={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{1-n}}\left({\frac {V_{2}^{1-n}}{V_{1}^{1-n}}}-1\right)=}"></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{1-n}}\left(\left({\frac {V_{1}}{V_{2}}}\right)^{n-1}-1\right)={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{1-n}}\left(\left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)^{\frac {n-1}{n}}-1\right)={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{1-n}}\left({\frac {T_{2}}{T_{1}}}-1\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{1-n}}\left(\left({\frac {V_{1}}{V_{2}}}\right)^{n-1}-1\right)={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{1-n}}\left(\left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)^{\frac {n-1}{n}}-1\right)={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{1-n}}\left({\frac {T_{2}}{T_{1}}}-1\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/28b04c642cdd0c0602126bd9dc743237b6119083" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.671ex; width:74.98ex; height:8.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{1-n}}\left(\left({\frac {V_{1}}{V_{2}}}\right)^{n-1}-1\right)={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{1-n}}\left(\left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)^{\frac {n-1}{n}}-1\right)={\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{1-n}}\left({\frac {T_{2}}{T_{1}}}-1\right)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>so </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W=-{\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{n-1}}\left(\left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)^{\frac {n-1}{n}}-1\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>W</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W=-{\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{n-1}}\left(\left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)^{\frac {n-1}{n}}-1\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/39101e200161fd62c12d7342a52acfe0ec5b7525" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.671ex; width:32.088ex; height:8.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W=-{\frac {p_{1}V_{1}}{n-1}}\left(\left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)^{\frac {n-1}{n}}-1\right)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>in which <i>p</i> is pressure, <i>V</i> is volume, <i>n</i> takes different values for different compression processes (see below), and 1 & 2 refer to initial and final states. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Adiabatic"></span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adiabatic_process" title="Adiabatic process">Adiabatic</a> – This model assumes that no energy (heat) is transferred to or from the gas during the compression, and all supplied work is added to the internal energy of the gas, resulting in increases of temperature and pressure. Theoretical temperature rise is:<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{2}=T_{1}\left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)^{(\kappa -1)/\kappa }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>κ</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>κ</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{2}=T_{1}\left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)^{(\kappa -1)/\kappa }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1d0a5585b7b3c044e1068f3fcd1a292aeb9e5a1e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:20.731ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{2}=T_{1}\left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)^{(\kappa -1)/\kappa }}"></span></dd></dl> <p>with <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> and <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> in degrees <a href="/wiki/Rankine_scale" title="Rankine scale">Rankine</a> or <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvins</a>, <i>p</i><sub>2</sub> and <i>p</i><sub>1</sub> being absolute pressures and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \kappa =}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>κ</mi> <mo>=</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \kappa =}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7aa084ee369c209a3c00af5ff1d6003150e2cbf4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.792ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \kappa =}"></span> <a href="/wiki/Heat_capacity_ratio" title="Heat capacity ratio">ratio of specific heats</a> (approximately 1.4 for air). The rise in air and temperature ratio means compression does not follow a simple pressure to volume ratio. This is less efficient, but quick. Adiabatic compression or expansion more closely model real life when a compressor has good insulation, a large gas volume, or a short time scale (i.e., a high power level). In practice there will always be a certain amount of heat flow out of the compressed gas. Thus, making a perfect adiabatic compressor would require perfect heat insulation of all parts of the machine. For example, even a bicycle tire pump's metal tube becomes hot as you compress the air to fill a tire. The relation between temperature and compression ratio described above means that the value of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}"></span> for an adiabatic process is <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \kappa }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>κ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \kappa }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/54ddec2e922c5caea4e47d04feef86e782dc8e6d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \kappa }"></span> (the ratio of specific heats). </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Isothermal"></span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isothermal_process" title="Isothermal process">Isothermal</a> – This model assumes that the compressed gas remains at a constant temperature throughout the compression or expansion process. In this cycle, internal energy is removed from the system as heat at the same rate that it is added by the mechanical work of compression. Isothermal compression or expansion more closely models real life when the compressor has a large heat exchanging surface, a small gas volume, or a long time scale (i.e., a small power level). Compressors that utilize inter-stage cooling between compression stages come closest to achieving perfect isothermal compression. However, with practical devices perfect isothermal compression is not attainable. For example, unless you have an infinite number of compression stages with corresponding intercoolers, you will never achieve perfect isothermal compression.</li></ul> <p>For an isothermal process, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}"></span> is 1, so the value of the work integral for an isothermal process is: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle W=\int _{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}pdV=p_{1}V_{1}\int _{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}{\frac {1}{V}}dV=p_{1}V_{1}\ln {\frac {V_{2}}{V_{1}}}=-p_{1}V_{1}\ln \left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>W</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi>p</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>V</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi>ln</mi> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle W=\int _{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}pdV=p_{1}V_{1}\int _{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}{\frac {1}{V}}dV=p_{1}V_{1}\ln {\frac {V_{2}}{V_{1}}}=-p_{1}V_{1}\ln \left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4cbcba18dd81628a77012dc1036e95f655a37753" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:65.236ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle W=\int _{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}pdV=p_{1}V_{1}\int _{V_{1}}^{V_{2}}{\frac {1}{V}}dV=p_{1}V_{1}\ln {\frac {V_{2}}{V_{1}}}=-p_{1}V_{1}\ln \left({\frac {p_{2}}{p_{1}}}\right)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>When evaluated, the isothermal work is found to be lower than the adiabatic work. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Polytropic"></span> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polytropic_process" title="Polytropic process">Polytropic</a> – This model takes into account both a rise in temperature in the gas as well as some loss of energy (heat) to the compressor's components. This assumes that heat may enter or leave the system, and that input shaft work can appear as both increased pressure (usually useful work) and increased temperature above adiabatic (usually losses due to cycle efficiency). Compression efficiency is then the ratio of temperature rise at theoretical 100 percent (adiabatic) vs. actual (polytropic). Polytropic compression will use a value of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}"></span> between 0 (a constant-pressure process) and infinity (a constant volume process). For the typical case where an effort is made to cool the gas compressed by an approximately adiabatic process, the value of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}"></span> will be between 1 and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \kappa }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>κ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \kappa }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/54ddec2e922c5caea4e47d04feef86e782dc8e6d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \kappa }"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Staged_compression">Staged compression</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Staged compression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the case of centrifugal compressors, commercial designs currently do not exceed a compression ratio of more than 3.5 to 1 in any one stage (for a typical gas). Since compression raises the temperature, the compressed gas is to be cooled between stages making the compression less adiabatic and more isothermal. The inter-stage coolers (intercoolers) typically result in some partial condensation that is removed in <a href="/wiki/Vapor%E2%80%93liquid_separator" title="Vapor–liquid separator">vapor–liquid separators</a>. </p><p>In the case of small reciprocating compressors, the compressor flywheel may drive a cooling fan that directs ambient air across the <a href="/wiki/Intercooler" title="Intercooler">intercooler</a> of a two or more stage compressor. </p><p>Because rotary screw compressors can make use of cooling lubricant to reduce the temperature rise from compression, they very often exceed a 9 to 1 compression ratio. For instance, in a typical diving compressor the air is compressed in three stages. If each stage has a compression ratio of 7 to 1, the compressor can output 343 times atmospheric pressure (7 × 7 × 7 = 343 <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosphere (unit)">atmospheres</a>). (343 atm or 34.8 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">MPa</a> or 5.04 <a href="/wiki/Pound_per_square_inch" title="Pound per square inch">ksi</a>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Drive_motors">Drive motors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Drive motors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many options for the motor that powers the compressor: </p> <ul><li>Gas <a href="/wiki/Turbine" title="Turbine">turbines</a> power the axial and centrifugal flow compressors that are part of <a href="/wiki/Jet_engine" title="Jet engine">jet engines</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_turbine" title="Steam turbine">Steam turbines</a> or <a href="/wiki/Water_turbine" title="Water turbine">water turbines</a> are possible for large compressors.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">Electric motors</a> are cheap and quiet for static compressors. Small motors suitable for domestic electrical supplies use <a href="/wiki/Single-phase_electric_power" title="Single-phase electric power">single-phase</a> <a href="/wiki/Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">alternating current</a>. Larger motors can only be used where an industrial electrical <a href="/wiki/Three-phase_electric_power" title="Three-phase electric power">three phase</a> alternating current supply is available.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">Diesel engines</a> or <a href="/wiki/Petrol_engine" title="Petrol engine">petrol engines</a> are suitable for portable compressors and support compressors.</li> <li>In automobiles and other types of vehicles (including piston-powered airplanes, boats, trucks, etc.), diesel or gasoline engine's power output can be increased by compressing the intake air, so that more fuel can be burned per cycle. These engines can power compressors using their own crankshaft power (this setup known as a <a href="/wiki/Supercharger" title="Supercharger">supercharger</a>), or, use their exhaust gas to drive a turbine connected to the compressor (this setup known as a <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">turbocharger</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lubrication">Lubrication</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Lubrication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Compressors that are driven by an electric motor can be controlled using a <a href="/wiki/Variable-frequency_drive" title="Variable-frequency drive">VFD</a> or <a href="/wiki/Power_inverter" title="Power inverter">power inverter</a>, however many hermetic and semi-hermetic compressors can only work in a range of or at fixed speeds, since they may include built-in oil pumps. The built-in oil pump is connected to the same shaft that drives the compressor, and forces oil into the compressor and motor bearings. At low speeds, insufficient quantities of oil reach the bearings, eventually leading to bearing failure, while at high speeds, excessive amounts of oil may be lost from the bearings and compressor and potentially into the discharge line due to splashing. Eventually the oil runs out and the bearings are left unlubricated, leading to failure, and the oil may contaminate the refrigerant, air or other working gas.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gas compressors are used in various applications where either higher pressures or lower volumes of gas are needed: </p> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Pipeline_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipeline transport">pipeline transport</a> of purified natural gas from the production site to the consumer, a compressor is driven by a motor fueled by gas bled from the pipeline. Thus, no external power source is necessary.</li> <li>In maritime cargo transport and cargo operations by <a href="/wiki/Gas_carrier" title="Gas carrier">gas carriers</a>.</li> <li>Petroleum refineries, natural gas processing plants, petrochemical and chemical plants, and similar large industrial plants require compressing for intermediate and end-product gases.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigeration" title="Refrigeration">Refrigeration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Air_conditioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Air conditioner">air conditioner</a> equipment use compressors to move <a href="/wiki/Heat" title="Heat">heat</a> in <a href="/wiki/Refrigerant" title="Refrigerant">refrigerant</a> cycles (see <i><a href="/wiki/Vapor-compression_refrigeration" title="Vapor-compression refrigeration">vapor-compression refrigeration</a></i>).</li> <li>Gas turbine systems compress the intake <a href="/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion">combustion</a> air.</li> <li>Small-volume purified or manufactured gases require compression to fill high pressure cylinders for <a href="/wiki/Medical" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical">medical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welding" title="Welding">welding</a>, and other uses.</li> <li>Various industrial, manufacturing, and building processes require <a href="/wiki/Compressed_air" title="Compressed air">compressed air</a> to power <a href="/wiki/Pneumatic_tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumatic tools">pneumatic tools</a>.</li> <li>In the manufacturing and <a href="/wiki/Blow_moulding" class="mw-redirect" title="Blow moulding">blow moulding</a> of PET <a href="/wiki/Plastic_bottles" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic bottles">plastic bottles</a> and containers.</li> <li>Some aircraft require compressors to maintain <a href="/wiki/Cabin_pressurization" title="Cabin pressurization">cabin pressurization</a> at altitude.</li> <li>Some types of <a href="/wiki/Jet_engine" title="Jet engine">jet engines</a>—such as <a href="/wiki/Turbojet" title="Turbojet">turbojets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">turbofans</a>—compress the air required for fuel combustion. The jet engine's <a href="/wiki/Turbine" title="Turbine">turbines</a> power the combustion air compressor.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving" title="Underwater diving">underwater diving</a>, <a href="/wiki/Self-contained_breathing_apparatus" title="Self-contained breathing apparatus">self-contained breathing apparatus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_oxygen_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperbaric oxygen therapy">hyperbaric oxygen therapy</a>, and other life support equipment, compressors provide pressurised <a href="/wiki/Breathing_gas" title="Breathing gas">breathing gas</a> either directly or via high pressure gas storage containers, such as <a href="/wiki/Diving_cylinder" title="Diving cylinder">diving cylinders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-evil_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evil-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oxyhackers_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxyhackers-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Surface_supplied_diving" class="mw-redirect" title="Surface supplied diving">surface supplied diving</a>, an air compressor is generally used to supply low pressure air (10 to 20 bar) for breathing.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarines</a> use compressors to store air for later use in displacing water from buoyancy chambers to adjust buoyancy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">Turbochargers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supercharger" title="Supercharger">superchargers</a> are compressors that increase <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion engine</a> performance by increasing the mass flow of air inside the cylinder, so the engine can burn more fuel and hence produce more power.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Rail</a> and heavy <a href="/wiki/Road_transport" title="Road transport">road transport</a> vehicles use <a href="/wiki/Compressed_air" title="Compressed air">compressed air</a> to operate <a href="/wiki/Air_brake_(rail)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air brake (rail)">rail vehicle</a> or <a href="/wiki/Air_brake_(road_vehicle)" title="Air brake (road vehicle)">road vehicle</a> brakes—and various other systems (<a href="/wiki/Door" title="Door">doors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windscreen_wiper" title="Windscreen wiper">windscreen wipers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engine" title="Engine">engine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gearbox" class="mw-redirect" title="Gearbox">gearbox</a> control, etc.).</li> <li>Service stations and auto repair shops use compressed air to fill pneumatic <a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">tires</a> and power pneumatic tools.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_piston" title="Fire piston">Fire pistons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heat_pump" title="Heat pump">heat pumps</a> exist to heat air or other gasses, and compressing the gas is only a means to that end.</li> <li>Rotary lobe compressors are often used to provide air in pneumatic conveying lines for powder or solids. Pressure reached can range from 0.5 to 2 bar g.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diving_air_compressor_P8046745.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Diving air compressor in noise reduction cabinet"><img alt="Diving air compressor in noise reduction cabinet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Diving_air_compressor_P8046745.JPG/120px-Diving_air_compressor_P8046745.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Diving_air_compressor_P8046745.JPG/180px-Diving_air_compressor_P8046745.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Diving_air_compressor_P8046745.JPG/240px-Diving_air_compressor_P8046745.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Diving air compressor in noise reduction cabinet</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Compressors" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Compressors">Compressors</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axial_compressor" title="Axial compressor">Axial compressor</a> – Machine for continuous flow gas compression</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabin_pressurization" title="Cabin pressurization">Cabin pressurization</a> – Process to maintain internal air pressure in aircraft or spacecraft</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_fan" title="Centrifugal fan">Centrifugal fan</a> – Mechanical fan that forces fluid to move radially outward</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressed_air" title="Compressed air">Compressed air</a> – Air under a pressure greater than atmospheric</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressed_air_dryer" title="Compressed air dryer">Compressed air dryer</a> – Filter systems to reduce humidity of compressed air</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrochemical_hydrogen_compressor" title="Electrochemical hydrogen compressor">Electrochemical hydrogen compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_piston" title="Fire piston">Fire piston</a> – Tool for kindling a fire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foil_bearing" title="Foil bearing">Foil bearing</a> – Type of air bearing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_air_engine" title="Hot air engine">Hot air engine</a> – External combustion engine using air as the working fluid</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided-rotor_compressor" title="Guided-rotor compressor">Guided-rotor compressor</a> – Type of positive-displacement rotary gas compressor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_compressor" title="Hydrogen compressor">Hydrogen compressor</a> – Device to increase pressure of hydrogen gas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_compressor" title="Linear compressor">Linear compressor</a> – Gas compressor where the piston is driven by a linear actuator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid-ring_pump" title="Liquid-ring pump">Liquid-ring compressor</a> – Type of rotating positive-displacement pump.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydride_compressor" title="Hydride compressor">Hydride compressor</a> – Hydrogen compressor based on absorption and desorption of hydrogen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natterer_compressor" title="Natterer compressor">Natterer compressor</a> – Type of manually operated air compression machine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumatic_cylinder" title="Pneumatic cylinder">Pneumatic cylinder</a> – Mechanical device with compressed gas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumatic_tube" title="Pneumatic tube">Pneumatic tube</a> – Compressed air or vacuum transport system</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_compressor" title="Reciprocating compressor">Reciprocating compressor</a> – Device used to pump gases at high pressure (piston compressor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots-type_supercharger" class="mw-redirect" title="Roots-type supercharger">Roots blower</a> – A positive displacement lobe pump<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span> (a lobe-type compressor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_factor" title="Slip factor">Slip factor</a> – Measure of the fluid slip in the impeller of a compressor or a turbine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trompe" title="Trompe">Trompe</a> – Water-powered air compressor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapor-compression_refrigeration" title="Vapor-compression refrigeration">Vapor-compression refrigeration</a> – Refrigeration process</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable-speed_air_compressor" title="Variable-speed air compressor">Variable-speed air compressor</a> – Air compressor using variable-speed drive technology</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compressor&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Perry-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perry_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perry_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perry_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perry_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perry_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perry_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPerry,_R.H.Green,_D.W.2007" class="citation book cs1">Perry, R.H.; Green, D.W., eds. (2007). <i><a href="/wiki/Perry%27s_Chemical_Engineers%27_Handbook" title="Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook">Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook</a></i> (8th ed.). McGraw Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-142294-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-142294-9"><bdi>978-0-07-142294-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perry%27s+Chemical+Engineers%27+Handbook&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=McGraw+Hill&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-07-142294-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloch,_H.P.Hoefner,_J.J.1996" class="citation book cs1">Bloch, H.P.; Hoefner, J.J. (1996). <i>Reciprocating Compressors, Operation and Maintenance</i>. Gulf Professional Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88415-525-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-88415-525-0"><bdi>0-88415-525-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reciprocating+Compressors%2C+Operation+and+Maintenance&rft.pub=Gulf+Professional+Publishing&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-88415-525-0&rft.au=Bloch%2C+H.P.&rft.au=Hoefner%2C+J.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.machinerylubrication.com/article_detail.asp?articleid=775&pagetitle=Reciprocating%20Compressor%20Basics">Reciprocating Compressor Basics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090418034216/http://www.machinerylubrication.com/article_detail.asp?articleid=775&pagetitle=Reciprocating%20Compressor%20Basics">Archived</a> 2009-04-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Adam Davis, Noria Corporation, <i>Machinery Lubrication</i>, July 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100428012223/http://www.thomasnet.com/articles/machinery-tools-supplies/industrial-compressed-air-systems">"Machinery, Tools & Supplies Articles on ThomasNet"</a>. <i>www.thomasnet.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thomasnet.com/articles/machinery-tools-supplies/">the original</a> on April 28, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thomasnet.com&rft.atitle=Machinery%2C+Tools+%26+Supplies+Articles+on+ThomasNet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thomasnet.com%2Farticles%2Fmachinery-tools-supplies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_Doc_Ref=SPD_VAVR-AE7T7G_EN">"Ref Doc"</a>. <i>download.schneider-electric.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=download.schneider-electric.com&rft.atitle=Ref+Doc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdownload.schneider-electric.com%2Ffiles%3Fp_Doc_Ref%3DSPD_VAVR-AE7T7G_EN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blackmer.com/tech-screw.jsp">Screw Compressor</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080110103341/http://www.blackmer.com/tech-screw.jsp">Archived</a> 2008-01-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Describes how screw compressors work and include photographs.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.domnickhunter.com/tech_Centre.asp?chapter=1&section=3_Screw-Compressors_2_3.htm&getIndex=false">Technical Centre</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071213211548/http://www.domnickhunter.com/tech_Centre.asp?chapter=1&section=3_Screw-Compressors_2_3.htm&getIndex=false">Archived</a> 2007-12-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Discusses oil-flooded screw compressors including a complete system flow diagram</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFICS" class="citation news cs1">ICS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.industrialcompressorsolutions.com/articles/how-does-a-rotary-screw-air-compressor-work">"How Does a Rotary Screw Air Compressor Work?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170817001135/http://www.industrialcompressorsolutions.com/articles/how-does-a-rotary-screw-air-compressor-work">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-08-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+Does+a+Rotary+Screw+Air+Compressor+Work%3F&rft.au=ICS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.industrialcompressorsolutions.com%2Farticles%2Fhow-does-a-rotary-screw-air-compressor-work&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheremisinoffDavletshin2015" class="citation book cs1">Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P.; Davletshin, Anton (2015-01-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1w5yBgAAQBAJ&q=%22The+efficiency+of+rotary+compressors+depends+on+the+air+drier%22&pg=PA643"><i>Hydraulic Fracturing Operations: Handbook of Environmental Management Practices</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781119100003" title="Special:BookSources/9781119100003"><bdi>9781119100003</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171224222642/https://books.google.com/books?id=1w5yBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA643&lpg=PA643&dq=%22The+efficiency+of+rotary+compressors+depends+on+the+air+drier%22&source=bl&ots=DIZJEjhMaW&sig=coZe1GEy2bN8CTUmSaK8IuA3jSw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjV9YOjntzVAhUp7oMKHeIvCLoQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=%22The%20efficiency%20of%20rotary%20compressors%20depends%20on%20the%20air%20drier%22&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-12-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hydraulic+Fracturing+Operations%3A+Handbook+of+Environmental+Management+Practices&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2015-01-28&rft.isbn=9781119100003&rft.aulast=Cheremisinoff&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+P.&rft.au=Davletshin%2C+Anton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1w5yBgAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522The%2Befficiency%2Bof%2Brotary%2Bcompressors%2Bdepends%2Bon%2Bthe%2Bair%2Bdrier%2522%26pg%3DPA643&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daikinapplied.uk/features/single-screw-compressor">"Single Screw Compressor"</a>. <i>Daikin Applied UK</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daikin+Applied+UK&rft.atitle=Single+Screw+Compressor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.daikinapplied.uk%2Ffeatures%2Fsingle-screw-compressor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs2006" class="citation cs2">Jacobs, John S. (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2824&context=icec"><i>Variable Speed Tri-Rotor Screw Compression Technology</i></a>, International Compressor Engineering Conference. Paper 1825.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Variable+Speed+Tri-Rotor+Screw+Compression+Technology&rft.pub=International+Compressor+Engineering+Conference.+Paper+1825.&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=John+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.lib.purdue.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D2824%26context%3Dicec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInc" class="citation web cs1">Inc, Mattei Compressors. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100509233715/http://www.matteicomp.com/compressor-news.htm?id=165176063">"Rotary Vane Compressors and the Vane Compressor - Compressors for stationary industrial and OEM applications - Mattei"</a>. <i>www.matteicomp.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.matteicomp.com/">the original</a> on May 9, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.matteicomp.com&rft.atitle=Rotary+Vane+Compressors+and+the+Vane+Compressor+-+Compressors+for+stationary+industrial+and+OEM+applications+-+Mattei&rft.aulast=Inc&rft.aufirst=Mattei+Compressors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.matteicomp.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1390&context=icec">"Motion of Rolling Piston in Rotary Compressor"</a>. <i>Purdue University</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816232859/http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1390&context=icec">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-08-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Purdue+University&rft.atitle=Motion+of+Rolling+Piston+in+Rotary+Compressor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.lib.purdue.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1390%26context%3Dicec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.samsung.com/global/what-the-new-samsung-mini-rotary-compressor-means">"What the New Samsung Mini Rotary Compressor Means"</a>. <i>news.samsung.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.samsung.com&rft.atitle=What+the+New+Samsung+Mini+Rotary+Compressor+Means&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.samsung.com%2Fglobal%2Fwhat-the-new-samsung-mini-rotary-compressor-means&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daikin.com/products/ac/lineup/skyair/">"High Efficiency Compressor to Achieve a High COP | Air Conditioning and Refrigeration | Daikin Global"</a>. <i>www.daikin.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.daikin.com&rft.atitle=High+Efficiency+Compressor+to+Achieve+a+High+COP+%26%23124%3B+Air+Conditioning+and+Refrigeration+%26%23124%3B+Daikin+Global&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.daikin.com%2Fproducts%2Fac%2Flineup%2Fskyair%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tischer, J., Utter, R: "Scroll Machine Using Discharge Pressure For Axial Sealing," U.S. Patent 4522575, 1985.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Caillat, J., Weatherston, R., Bush, J: "Scroll-Type Machine With Axially Compliant Mounting," U.S. Patent 4767293, 1988.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richardson, Jr., Hubert: "Scroll Compressor With Orbiting Scroll Member Biased By Oil Pressure," U.S. Patent 4875838, 1989.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEric_Slack2016" class="citation journal cs1">Eric Slack (Winter 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emi-magazine.com/index.php/featured-content/1067-sertco">"Sertco"</a>. <i>Energy and Mining International</i>. Phoenix Media Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304170914/http://www.emi-magazine.com/index.php/featured-content/1067-sertco">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Energy+and+Mining+International&rft.atitle=Sertco&rft.ssn=winter&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Eric+Slack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emi-magazine.com%2Findex.php%2Ffeatured-content%2F1067-sertco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaynard1910" class="citation journal cs1">Maynard, Frank (November 1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-N0DAAAAMBAJ">"Five thousand horsepower from air bubbles"</a>. <i>Popular Mechanics</i>: 633. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170326071901/https://books.google.com/books?id=-N0DAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Five+thousand+horsepower+from+air+bubbles&rft.pages=633&rft.date=1910-11&rft.aulast=Maynard&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-N0DAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixon_S.L.1978" class="citation book cs1">Dixon S.L. (1978). <i>Fluid Mechanics, Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery</i> (Third ed.). Pergamon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-08-022722-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-08-022722-8"><bdi>0-08-022722-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fluid+Mechanics%2C+Thermodynamics+of+Turbomachinery&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-08-022722-8&rft.au=Dixon+S.L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAungier,_Ronald_H.2000" class="citation book cs1">Aungier, Ronald H. (2000). <i>Centrifugal Compressors A Strategy for Aerodynamic design and Analysis</i>. <a href="/wiki/ASME" class="mw-redirect" title="ASME">ASME</a> Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7918-0093-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7918-0093-8"><bdi>0-7918-0093-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Centrifugal+Compressors+A+Strategy+for+Aerodynamic+design+and+Analysis&rft.pub=ASME+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7918-0093-8&rft.au=Aungier%2C+Ronald+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheremisinoff2016" class="citation book cs1">Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. (2016-04-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WQcEDAAAQBAJ&q=diffuser+turns+diagonal+flow+to+axial+flow&pg=PT251"><i>Pollution Control Handbook for Oil and Gas Engineering</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781119117889" title="Special:BookSources/9781119117889"><bdi>9781119117889</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171224222642/https://books.google.com/books?id=WQcEDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT251&lpg=PT251&dq=diffuser+turns+diagonal+flow+to+axial+flow&source=bl&ots=rkZptfuirh&sig=RgvJpyW13dPTS677R4UWIOCaQtU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjbvIKZ9NnVAhXD6YMKHWfvCuwQ6AEINzAG#v=onepage&q=diffuser%20turns%20diagonal%20flo&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-12-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pollution+Control+Handbook+for+Oil+and+Gas+Engineering&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2016-04-20&rft.isbn=9781119117889&rft.aulast=Cheremisinoff&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWQcEDAAAQBAJ%26q%3Ddiffuser%2Bturns%2Bdiagonal%2Bflow%2Bto%2Baxial%2Bflow%26pg%3DPT251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKano" class="citation web cs1">Kano, Fumikata. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140811093700/http://turbolab.tamu.edu/proc/turboproc/T13/T13139%2D147.pdf">"Development of High Specific Speed Mixed Flow Compressors"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Texas A&M University</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://turbolab.tamu.edu/proc/turboproc/T13/T13139-147.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2014-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Texas+A%26M+University&rft.atitle=Development+of+High+Specific+Speed+Mixed+Flow+Compressors&rft.aulast=Kano&rft.aufirst=Fumikata&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fturbolab.tamu.edu%2Fproc%2Fturboproc%2FT13%2FT13139-147.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cengel,_Yunus_A._2012-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cengel,_Yunus_A._2012_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cengel,_Yunus_A._2012_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cengel,_Yunus_A._2012_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cengel, Yunus A., and Michaeul A. Boles. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach. 7th Edition ed. New York: Mcgraw-Hill, 2012. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlvi" class="citation web cs1">Alvi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web1.eng.famu.fsu.edu/~alvi/EML3015/Lecture-notes/lecture%20notes/entropy%20change/tsld004.htm">"TdS Equations"</a>. <i>Florida State University</i>. Famu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Florida+State+University&rft.atitle=TdS+Equations&rft.au=Alvi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb1.eng.famu.fsu.edu%2F~alvi%2FEML3015%2FLecture-notes%2Flecture%2520notes%2Fentropy%2520change%2Ftsld004.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMae" class="citation web cs1">Mae. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwwcourses.sens.buffalo.edu/mae431/ES12Ch04.pdf">"Non-Flow Thermodynamic Processes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>courses.sens</i>. buffalo.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=courses.sens&rft.atitle=Non-Flow+Thermodynamic+Processes&rft.au=Mae&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwwwcourses.sens.buffalo.edu%2Fmae431%2FES12Ch04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PTC_10_-_Compressors_and_Exhauters-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PTC_10_-_Compressors_and_Exhauters_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150619013643/https://www.asme.org/products/codes-standards/ptc-10-1997-performance-test-code-compressors">"PTC-10 Performance Test Code on Compressors & Exhausters - ASME"</a>. <i>www.asme.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asme.org/codes-standards/find-codes-standards/ptc-10-performance-test-code-compressors-exhausters">the original</a> on June 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.asme.org&rft.atitle=PTC-10+Performance+Test+Code+on+Compressors+%26+Exhausters+-+ASME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asme.org%2Fcodes-standards%2Ffind-codes-standards%2Fptc-10-performance-test-code-compressors-exhausters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook</i> 8th edition Perry, Green, page 10-45 section 10-76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toshiba-mirai-kagakukan.jp/en/learn/history/ichigoki/1981aircon/index.htm">"Toshiba Science Museum : World's First Residential Inverter Air Conditioner"</a>. <i>toshiba-mirai-kagakukan.jp</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toshiba-mirai-kagakukan.jp&rft.atitle=Toshiba+Science+Museum+%3A+World%27s+First+Residential+Inverter+Air+Conditioner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoshiba-mirai-kagakukan.jp%2Fen%2Flearn%2Fhistory%2Fichigoki%2F1981aircon%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-evil-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-evil_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillarMouldey2008" class="citation journal cs1">Millar IL, Mouldey PG (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101225063245/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/7964">"Compressed breathing air – the potential for evil from within"</a>. <i>Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine</i>. <b>38</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_Underwater_Medicine_Society" title="South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society">South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society</a>: 145–51. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22692708">22692708</a>. Archived from the original on 2010-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diving+and+Hyperbaric+Medicine&rft.atitle=Compressed+breathing+air+%E2%80%93+the+potential+for+evil+from+within&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=145-51&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22692708&rft.aulast=Millar&rft.aufirst=IL&rft.au=Mouldey%2C+PG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.rubicon-foundation.org%2F7964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oxyhackers-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oxyhackers_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarlow,_V2002" class="citation book cs1">Harlow, V (2002). <i>Oxygen Hacker's Companion</i>. Airspeed Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9678873-2-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-9678873-2-1"><bdi>0-9678873-2-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxygen+Hacker%27s+Companion&rft.pub=Airspeed+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-9678873-2-1&rft.au=Harlow%2C+V&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.powderprocess.net/Equipments%20html/Blowers.html">"Blowers (Roots)"</a>. <i>Engineering resources for powder processing industries</i>. www.powderprocess.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170814175023/http://www.powderprocess.net/Equipments%20html/Blowers.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Engineering+resources+for+powder+processing+industries&rft.atitle=Blowers+%28Roots%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.powderprocess.net%2FEquipments%2520html%2FBlowers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACompressor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning" style="vertical-align: middle;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:HVAC" title="Template:HVAC"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:HVAC" title="Template talk:HVAC"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:HVAC" title="Special:EditPage/Template:HVAC"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning" title="Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning">Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fundamental <br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_changes_per_hour" title="Air changes per hour">Air changes per hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bake-out" title="Bake-out">Bake-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_envelope" title="Building envelope">Building envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convection" title="Convection">Convection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilution_(equation)" title="Dilution (equation)">Dilution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_energy_consumption" title="Domestic energy consumption">Domestic energy consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy" title="Enthalpy">Enthalpy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_dynamics" title="Fluid dynamics">Fluid dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas compressor">Gas compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_pump_and_refrigeration_cycle" title="Heat pump and refrigeration cycle">Heat pump and refrigeration cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_transfer" title="Heat transfer">Heat transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidity" title="Humidity">Humidity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infiltration_(HVAC)" title="Infiltration (HVAC)">Infiltration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latent_heat" title="Latent heat">Latent heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_control" title="Noise control">Noise control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outgassing" title="Outgassing">Outgassing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particulates" title="Particulates">Particulates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychrometrics" title="Psychrometrics">Psychrometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensible_heat" title="Sensible heat">Sensible heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stack_effect" title="Stack effect">Stack effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_comfort" title="Thermal comfort">Thermal comfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_destratification" title="Thermal destratification">Thermal destratification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_mass" title="Thermal mass">Thermal mass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">Thermodynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapour_pressure_of_water" title="Vapour pressure of water">Vapour pressure of water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absorption-compression_heat_pump" title="Absorption-compression heat pump">Absorption-compression heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absorption_refrigerator" title="Absorption refrigerator">Absorption refrigerator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_barrier" title="Air barrier">Air barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">Air conditioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifreeze" title="Antifreeze">Antifreeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobile_air_conditioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile air conditioning">Automobile air conditioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_building" title="Autonomous building">Autonomous building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_insulation_material" title="Building insulation material">Building insulation materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_heating" title="Central heating">Central heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_solar_heating" title="Central solar heating">Central solar heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilled_beam" title="Chilled beam">Chilled beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilled_water" title="Chilled water">Chilled water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constant_air_volume" title="Constant air volume">Constant air volume</a> (CAV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolant" title="Coolant">Coolant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_ventilation" title="Cross ventilation">Cross ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedicated_outdoor_air_system" title="Dedicated outdoor air system">Dedicated outdoor air system</a> (DOAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_water_source_cooling" title="Deep water source cooling">Deep water source cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demand_controlled_ventilation" title="Demand controlled ventilation">Demand controlled ventilation</a> (DCV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Displacement_ventilation" title="Displacement ventilation">Displacement ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_cooling" title="District cooling">District cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_heating" title="District heating">District heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_heating" title="Electric heating">Electric heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_recovery_ventilation" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy recovery ventilation">Energy recovery ventilation</a> (ERV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firestop" title="Firestop">Firestop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced-air" title="Forced-air">Forced-air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced-air_gas" title="Forced-air gas">Forced-air gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_cooling" title="Free cooling">Free cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_recovery_ventilation" title="Heat recovery ventilation">Heat recovery ventilation</a> (HRV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_heat" title="Hybrid heat">Hybrid heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydronics" title="Hydronics">Hydronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_storage_air_conditioning" title="Ice storage air conditioning">Ice storage air conditioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_ventilation" title="Kitchen ventilation">Kitchen ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-mode_ventilation" title="Mixed-mode ventilation">Mixed-mode ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microgeneration" title="Microgeneration">Microgeneration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_cooling" title="Passive cooling">Passive cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_daytime_radiative_cooling" title="Passive daytime radiative cooling">Passive daytime radiative cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_house" title="Passive house">Passive house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_ventilation" title="Passive ventilation">Passive ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiant_heating_and_cooling" title="Radiant heating and cooling">Radiant heating and cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiant_cooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiant cooling">Radiant cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiant_heating" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiant heating">Radiant heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radon_mitigation" title="Radon mitigation">Radon mitigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigeration" title="Refrigeration">Refrigeration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_heat" title="Renewable heat">Renewable heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_air_distribution" title="Room air distribution">Room air distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_air_heat" title="Solar air heat">Solar air heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_combisystem" title="Solar combisystem">Solar combisystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_cooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar cooling">Solar cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_heating" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar heating">Solar heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_insulation" title="Thermal insulation">Thermal insulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermosiphon" title="Thermosiphon">Thermosiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underfloor_air_distribution" title="Underfloor air distribution">Underfloor air distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underfloor_heating" title="Underfloor heating">Underfloor heating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapor_barrier" title="Vapor barrier">Vapor barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapor-compression_refrigeration" title="Vapor-compression refrigeration">Vapor-compression refrigeration</a> (VCRS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_air_volume" title="Variable air volume">Variable air volume</a> (VAV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_refrigerant_flow" title="Variable refrigerant flow">Variable refrigerant flow</a> (VRF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventilation_(architecture)" title="Ventilation (architecture)">Ventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_heat_recycling" title="Water heat recycling">Water heat recycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_conditioner_inverter" class="mw-redirect" title="Air conditioner inverter">Air conditioner inverter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_door" title="Air door">Air door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_filter" title="Air filter">Air filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_handler" title="Air handler">Air handler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_ioniser" title="Air ioniser">Air ionizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air-mixing_plenum" title="Air-mixing plenum">Air-mixing plenum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_purifier" title="Air purifier">Air purifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_source_heat_pump" title="Air source heat pump">Air source heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic_fan" title="Attic fan">Attic fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_balancing_valve" title="Automatic balancing valve">Automatic balancing valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_boiler" title="Back boiler">Back boiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrier_pipe" title="Barrier pipe">Barrier pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blast_damper" title="Blast damper">Blast damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">Boiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_fan" title="Centrifugal fan">Centrifugal fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_heater" title="Ceramic heater">Ceramic heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiller" title="Chiller">Chiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condensate_pump" title="Condensate pump">Condensate pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condenser_(heat_transfer)" title="Condenser (heat transfer)">Condenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condensing_boiler" title="Condensing boiler">Condensing boiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convection_heater" title="Convection heater">Convection heater</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooling_tower" title="Cooling tower">Cooling tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damper_(flow)" title="Damper (flow)">Damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumidifier" title="Dehumidifier">Dehumidifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duct_(flow)" title="Duct (flow)">Duct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economizer" title="Economizer">Economizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrostatic_precipitator" title="Electrostatic precipitator">Electrostatic precipitator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporative_cooler" title="Evaporative cooler">Evaporative cooler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporator" title="Evaporator">Evaporator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhaust_hood" class="mw-redirect" title="Exhaust hood">Exhaust hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_tank" title="Expansion tank">Expansion tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_(machine)" title="Fan (machine)">Fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_coil_unit" title="Fan coil unit">Fan coil unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_filter_unit" title="Fan filter unit">Fan filter unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_heater" title="Fan heater">Fan heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_damper" title="Fire damper">Fire damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireplace" title="Fireplace">Fireplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireplace_insert" title="Fireplace insert">Fireplace insert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeze_stat" title="Freeze stat">Freeze stat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flue" title="Flue">Flue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freon" title="Freon">Freon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fume_hood" title="Fume hood">Fume hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furnace_(house_heating)" class="mw-redirect" title="Furnace (house heating)">Furnace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas compressor">Gas compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_heater" title="Gas heater">Gas heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasoline_heater" title="Gasoline heater">Gasoline heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grease_duct" title="Grease duct">Grease duct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grille_(architecture)" title="Grille (architecture)">Grille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground-coupled_heat_exchanger" title="Ground-coupled heat exchanger">Ground-coupled heat exchanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_source_heat_pump" title="Ground source heat pump">Ground source heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_exchanger" title="Heat exchanger">Heat exchanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_pipe" title="Heat pipe">Heat pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_pump" title="Heat pump">Heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heating_film" title="Heating film">Heating film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heating_system" title="Heating system">Heating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HEPA" title="HEPA">HEPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_efficiency_glandless_circulating_pump" title="High efficiency glandless circulating pump">High efficiency glandless circulating pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-pressure_cut-off_switch" class="mw-redirect" title="High-pressure cut-off switch">High-pressure cut-off switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidifier" title="Humidifier">Humidifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_heater" title="Infrared heater">Infrared heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverter_compressor" title="Inverter compressor">Inverter compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerosene_heater" title="Kerosene heater">Kerosene heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louver" title="Louver">Louver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_room" title="Mechanical room">Mechanical room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_heater" title="Oil heater">Oil heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaged_terminal_air_conditioner" title="Packaged terminal air conditioner">Packaged terminal air conditioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plenum_space" title="Plenum space">Plenum space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressurisation_ductwork" title="Pressurisation ductwork">Pressurisation ductwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_duct_work" title="Process duct work">Process duct work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiator_(heating)" title="Radiator (heating)">Radiator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiator_reflector" title="Radiator reflector">Radiator reflector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recuperator" title="Recuperator">Recuperator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigerant" title="Refrigerant">Refrigerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Register_(air_and_heating)" title="Register (air and heating)">Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversing_valve" title="Reversing valve">Reversing valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run-around_coil" title="Run-around coil">Run-around coil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sail_switch" title="Sail switch">Sail switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scroll_compressor" title="Scroll compressor">Scroll compressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_chimney" title="Solar chimney">Solar chimney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar-assisted_heat_pump" title="Solar-assisted heat pump">Solar-assisted heat pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_heater" title="Space heater">Space heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_canopy" title="Smoke canopy">Smoke canopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_damper" title="Smoke damper">Smoke damper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_exhaust_ductwork" title="Smoke exhaust ductwork">Smoke exhaust ductwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_expansion_valve" title="Thermal expansion valve">Thermal expansion valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_wheel" title="Thermal wheel">Thermal wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermostatic_radiator_valve" title="Thermostatic radiator valve">Thermostatic radiator valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trickle_vent" title="Trickle vent">Trickle vent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trombe_wall" title="Trombe wall">Trombe wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboSwing" title="TurboSwing">TurboSwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_vanes_(HVAC)" title="Turning vanes (HVAC)">Turning vanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-low_particulate_air" title="Ultra-low particulate air">Ultra-low particulate air</a> (ULPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole-house_fan" title="Whole-house fan">Whole-house fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windcatcher" title="Windcatcher">Windcatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood-burning_stove" title="Wood-burning stove">Wood-burning stove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_valve" title="Zone valve">Zone valve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measurement<br />and control</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_flow_meter" title="Air flow meter">Air flow meter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquastat" title="Aquastat">Aquastat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BACnet" title="BACnet">BACnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blower_door" title="Blower door">Blower door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_automation" title="Building automation">Building automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_sensor" title="Carbon dioxide sensor">Carbon dioxide sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_air_delivery_rate" title="Clean air delivery rate">Clean air delivery rate</a> (CADR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_valve" title="Control valve">Control valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_detector" title="Gas detector">Gas detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_energy_monitor" title="Home energy monitor">Home energy monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidistat" title="Humidistat">Humidistat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HVAC_control_system" title="HVAC control system">HVAC control system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_thermometer" title="Infrared thermometer">Infrared thermometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_buildings" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent buildings">Intelligent buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LonWorks" title="LonWorks">LonWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimum_efficiency_reporting_value" title="Minimum efficiency reporting value">Minimum efficiency reporting value</a> (MERV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normal_temperature_and_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="Normal temperature and pressure">Normal temperature and pressure</a> (NTP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenTherm" title="OpenTherm">OpenTherm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_communicating_thermostat" title="Programmable communicating thermostat">Programmable communicating thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programmable_thermostat" title="Programmable thermostat">Programmable thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychrometrics" title="Psychrometrics">Psychrometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_temperature" title="Room temperature">Room temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_thermostat" title="Smart thermostat">Smart thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_temperature_and_pressure" title="Standard temperature and pressure">Standard temperature and pressure</a> (STP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermographic_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermographic camera">Thermographic camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermostat" title="Thermostat">Thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermostatic_radiator_valve" title="Thermostatic radiator valve">Thermostatic radiator valve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions,<br />trades,<br />and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_acoustics" title="Architectural acoustics">Architectural acoustics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_engineering" title="Architectural engineering">Architectural engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_technologist" title="Architectural technologist">Architectural technologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_services_engineering" title="Building services engineering">Building services engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_information_modeling" title="Building information modeling">Building information modeling</a> (BIM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_energy_retrofit" title="Deep energy retrofit">Deep energy retrofit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duct_cleaning" class="mw-redirect" title="Duct cleaning">Duct cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duct_leakage_testing" title="Duct leakage testing">Duct leakage testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydronic_balancing" title="Hydronic balancing">Hydronic balancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_exhaust_cleaning" title="Kitchen exhaust cleaning">Kitchen exhaust cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">Mechanical engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical,_electrical,_and_plumbing" title="Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing">Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mold_growth,_assessment,_and_remediation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mold growth, assessment, and remediation">Mold growth, assessment, and remediation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refrigerant_reclamation" title="Refrigerant reclamation">Refrigerant reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testing,_adjusting,_balancing" title="Testing, adjusting, balancing">Testing, adjusting, balancing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry <br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Conditioning,_Heating_and_Refrigeration_Institute" title="Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute">AHRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Movement_and_Control_Association" title="Air Movement and Control Association">AMCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASHRAE" title="ASHRAE">ASHRAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTM_International" title="ASTM International">ASTM International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_Research_Establishment" title="Building Research Establishment">BRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSRIA" title="BSRIA">BSRIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Institution_of_Building_Services_Engineers" title="Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers">CIBSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Refrigeration" title="Institute of Refrigeration">Institute of Refrigeration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Refrigeration" title="International Institute of Refrigeration">IIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_in_Energy_and_Environmental_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design">LEED</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheet_Metal_and_Air_Conditioning_Contractors%27_National_Association" title="Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association">SMACNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Mechanical_Code" title="Uniform Mechanical Code">UMC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health and safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_air_quality" title="Indoor air quality">Indoor air quality</a> (IAQ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_smoking" title="Passive smoking">Passive smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sick_building_syndrome" title="Sick building syndrome">Sick building syndrome</a> (SBS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volatile_organic_compound" title="Volatile organic compound">Volatile organic compound</a> (VOC)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASHRAE_Handbook" title="ASHRAE Handbook">ASHRAE Handbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_science" title="Building science">Building science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireproofing" title="Fireproofing">Fireproofing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_HVAC_terms" title="Glossary of HVAC terms">Glossary of HVAC terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warm_Spaces" title="Warm Spaces">Warm Spaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Refrigeration_Day" title="World Refrigeration Day">World Refrigeration Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Home_automation" title="Template:Home automation">Template:Home automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Solar_energy" title="Template:Solar energy">Template:Solar energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178898#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4078787-4">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Compressors"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85029444">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Compresseurs"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb133183331">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Compresseurs"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb133183331">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00560392">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="kompresory"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph121764&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007545784905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Compressor&oldid=1258734840">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Compressor&oldid=1258734840</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning" title="Category:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning">Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gas_compressors" title="Category:Gas compressors">Gas compressors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Diving_support_equipment" title="Category:Diving support equipment">Diving support equipment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gas_technologies" title="Category:Gas technologies">Gas technologies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Industrial_gases" title="Category:Industrial gases">Industrial gases</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_generic_name" title="Category:CS1 errors: generic name">CS1 errors: generic name</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">CS1 maint: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles needing clarification">All Wikipedia articles needing clarification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_May_2018" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2018">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2017" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_May_2014" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2014">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_displaying_short_descriptions_of_redirect_targets_via_Module:Annotated_link" title="Category:Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via Module:Annotated link">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via Module:Annotated link</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 09:15<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Compressor&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-688fc9465-cpps2","wgBackendResponseTime":173,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.986","walltime":"1.582","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6765,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":93794,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3518,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":14,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":115028,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1159.697 1 -total"," 36.39% 422.003 23 Template:Annotated_link"," 23.91% 277.239 1 Template:Reflist"," 11.55% 133.964 7 Template:Cite_book"," 7.43% 86.205 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.22% 83.761 1 Template:HVAC"," 7.00% 81.187 1 Template:Navbox"," 5.30% 61.430 13 Template:Cite_web"," 4.87% 56.487 2 Template:Pagetype"," 4.11% 47.696 1 Template:Authority_control"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.580","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21542690,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-75c465f4c6-hqxlb","timestamp":"20241125142825","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Compressor","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Compressor","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q178898","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q178898","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-03-06T16:37:48Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T09:15:38Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5a\/Small_stationary_Bauer_HP_compressor_installation_DSC09403.JPG","headline":"mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume"}</script> </body> </html>