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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pregled" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pregled"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pregled</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pregled-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primjeri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primjeri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Primjeri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primjeri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implikacije_za_hemijske_reakcije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implikacije_za_hemijske_reakcije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Implikacije za hemijske reakcije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Implikacije_za_hemijske_reakcije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kontrast_termodinamičke_i_biološke_terminologije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kontrast_termodinamičke_i_biološke_terminologije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kontrast termodinamičke i biološke terminologije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kontrast_termodinamičke_i_biološke_terminologije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Također_pogledajte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Također_pogledajte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Također pogledajte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Također_pogledajte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjski_linkovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vanjski linkovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjski_linkovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Egzotermni proces</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 22 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="عملية طاردة للحرارة – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عملية طاردة للحرارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BE%CF%8E%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B7_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Εξώθερμη διεργασία – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εξώθερμη διεργασία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exothermic_process" title="Exothermic process – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Exothermic process" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proceso_exot%C3%A9rmico" title="Proceso exotérmico – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Proceso exotérmico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7" title="فرایند گرمازا – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرایند گرمازا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B3iseas_eisiteirmeach" title="Próiseas eisiteirmeach – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Próiseas eisiteirmeach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="ऊष्माक्षेपी प्रक्रिया – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऊष्माक्षेपी प्रक्रिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzotermni_proces" title="Egzotermni proces – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Egzotermni proces" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzot%C3%A8mik" title="Egzotèmik – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Egzotèmik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processo_esotermico" title="Processo esotermico – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Processo esotermico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Экзотермикалық процестер – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Экзотермикалық процестер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzoterminis_procesas" title="Egzoterminis procesas – litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Egzoterminis procesas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotherm_proces" title="Exotherm proces – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Exotherm proces" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processo_exot%C3%A9rmico" title="Processo exotérmico – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Processo exotérmico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proces_exoterm" title="Proces exoterm – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Proces exoterm" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exothermic_reactions" title="Exothermic reactions – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Exothermic reactions" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egzotermni_proces" title="Egzotermni proces – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Egzotermni proces" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="வெப்பம் உமிழ் செயல்முறை – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெப்பம் உமிழ் செயல்முறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="กระบวนการคายความร้อน (อุณหพลศาสตร์) – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กระบวนการคายความร้อน (อุณหพลศาสตร์)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A1_tr%C3%ACnh_t%E1%BB%8Fa_nhi%E1%BB%87t" title="Quá trình tỏa nhiệt – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quá trình tỏa nhiệt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">S Wikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bs" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Razlikovati: <a href="/wiki/Ektotermija" title="Ektotermija">Ektotermija</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Explosion1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Explosion1.JPG/300px-Explosion1.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Explosion1.JPG/450px-Explosion1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Explosion1.JPG/600px-Explosion1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption> Neke eksplozije su među najžešćim egzotermnim reakcijama.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pojam <b>egzotermni proces</b> ili <b>egzotermna reakcija</b> (<a href="/wiki/Starogr%C4%8Dki_jezik" title="Starogrčki jezik">grč.</a> έξω – <i>eksō</i> = prema vani, spolja + θερμικός – <i>termikόs</i> = termički) – u <a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">termodinamici</a> – opisuje proces ili reakciju koja oslobađa <a href="/wiki/Energija" title="Energija">energiju</a> iz sistema u okolinu, obično u obliku <a href="/wiki/Toplota" title="Toplota">toplote</a>, ali i u obliku <a href="/wiki/Svjetlost" title="Svjetlost">svjetlosti</a> (npr. iskra, plamen ili bljesak), <a href="/wiki/Struja" class="mw-redirect" title="Struja">struja</a> (npr. baterija) ili <a href="/wiki/Zvuk" title="Zvuk">zvuk</a> (npr. eksplozija koja se čuje prilikom gorenja vodika).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Termin "egzotermni" prvi je smislio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcellin_Berthelot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcellin Berthelot (stranica ne postoji)">Marcellin Berthelot</a>. Suprotno egzotermnom procesu je <a href="/wiki/Endotermni_proces" title="Endotermni proces">endotermni</a>, koji apsorbira energiju obično u obliku toplote. </p><p>Koncept se često primenjuje u <a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">fizičkim naukama</a> na <a href="/wiki/Hemijska_reakcija" title="Hemijska reakcija">hemijske reakcije</a>, gdje se hemijska <a href="/wiki/Energija_veze" title="Energija veze">energija veze</a> pretvara u <a href="/wiki/Toplotna_energija" title="Toplotna energija">toplotnu energiju</a> (toplotu). </p><p>Egzotermne (i endotermne) opisuju dvije vrste hemijskih reakcija ili sistema koji se nalaze u prirodi, kako slijedi. </p><p>Jednostavno rečeno, nakon egzotermne reakcije u okolinu je ispušteno više energije nego što je apsorbovano za pokretanje i održavanje reakcije. Primjer bi bio izgaranje svijeće, pri čemu suma kalorija proizvedenih izgaranjem. Može se utvrditi promatrajući zračenje okoline i proizvedene vidljive svjetlosti, uključujući porast temperature samog goriva (voska), kada se <a href="/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik">kisik</a> pretvara u vrući <a href="/wiki/Ugljik-dioksid" title="Ugljik-dioksid">CO<sub>2</sub></a> i <a href="/wiki/Vodena_para" title="Vodena para">vodenu paru</a> premašujući broj kalorija apsorbiranih u početku prilikom paljenja plamena i održavanja plamena. Izvjesna energija se ponovo apsorbuje i koristi za topljenja, zatim isparavanje voska itd., ali je daleko nadmašena energijom koja se oslobađa pretvaranjem relativno slabe dvostruke veze kisika<sup id="cite_ref-Schmidt-Rohr_15_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmidt-Rohr_15-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> u snažnije veze kod CO<sub>2</sub> i H<sub>2</sub>O. </p><p>S druge strane, u <a href="/wiki/Endotermni_proces" title="Endotermni proces">endotermnoj reakciji</a> ili sistemu, tokom reakcije, energija se uzima iz okoline, obično usljed povoljnim povećane entropije u sistemu. Primjer endotermne reakcije je hladnjak za prvu pomoć, u kojem su, za reakciju dviju hemikalija ili rastvaranje jedne u drugoj, potrebne su kalorije iz okoline, a reakcija hladi vrećicu i okolinu upijajući iz njih toplotu. Proizvodnja drveta u procesu <a href="/wiki/Fotosinteza" title="Fotosinteza">fotosinteze</a> je endotermni proces: drveće apsorbira zračenje sunčeve energije i koristi ga u endotermnim reakcijama poput razdvajanja CO<sub>2</sub> i H<sub>2</sub>O i rekombinacija atoma za proizvodnju <a href="/wiki/Celuloza" title="Celuloza">celuloze</a> i drugih organskih supstanci, kao i O<sub>2</sub>. Drvo se kasnije može spaliti u kaminu, egzotermno oslobađajući energiju O<sub>2</sub><sup id="cite_ref-Schmidt-Rohr_15_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmidt-Rohr_15-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> u obliku toplote i svjetlosti, u svoju okolinu, npr. u unutrašnjost sobe. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pregled">Pregled</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzotermni_proces&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Pregled"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzotermni_proces&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Pregled"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Egzotermnost odnosi se na transformaciju u kojoj zatvoreni sistem oslobađa energiju (toplotu) u okolinu, izraženu kao: </p> <dl><dd><i><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q<0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Q</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q<0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f720c0f66eb3e4f3d75084b9c7f09100b29277e7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.099ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q<0}"></span></i>.</dd></dl> <p>Kada se transformacija dogodi pod konstantnim pritiskom i bez izmjene električne energije, toplota <i> Q </i> jednaka je promjeni <a href="/wiki/Entalpija" title="Entalpija">entalpije</a>, tj. </p> <dl><dd><i>∆H < 0</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Oxtoby8th_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxtoby8th-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>dok je pri konstantnoj zapremini, prema <a href="/wiki/Prvi_zakon_termodinamike" title="Prvi zakon termodinamike">prvom zakonu termodinamike</a>, jednak unutrašnjoj promjeni energije, tj. </p> <dl><dd><i>∆U</i> = <i>Q</i> + 0 <i>< 0</i>.</dd></dl> <p>U <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jabatski_sistem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jabatski sistem (stranica ne postoji)">adiadijabatskom sistemu</a> (tj. sistemu koji ne razmjenjuje toplotu s okolinom), inače egzotermni proces rezultira porastom temperature.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U egzotermnim hemijskim reakcijama, oslobođena toplota poprima oblik elektromagnetske energije ili kinetičke energije molekula. Prijelaz elektrona s jednog nivoa kvantne energije na drugi uzrokuje oslobađanje svjetlosti. Ova svjetlost je po energiji ekvivalentna energiji stabilizacije energije za hemijsku reakciju, tj. energiji veze. Oslobođenu svjetlost mogu apsorbirati druge molekule u rastvoru, dajući molekulske translacije i rotacije, što dovodi do klasičnog razumijevanja topline. U egzotermnoj reakciji energija potrebna za pokretanje reakcije manja je od energije koja se naknadno oslobađa, pa dolazi do neto oslobađanja energije. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primjeri">Primjeri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzotermni_proces&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Primjeri"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzotermni_proces&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Primjeri"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:ThermiteReaction.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/ThermiteReaction.jpg/220px-ThermiteReaction.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/ThermiteReaction.jpg/330px-ThermiteReaction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/ThermiteReaction.jpg/440px-ThermiteReaction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2095" data-file-height="2322" /></a><figcaption> Egzotermna <a href="/w/index.php?title=Termit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Termit (stranica ne postoji)">termitna</a> reakcija upotrebom gvožđa (III)- oksida. Iskrice koje lete prema van su kuglice rastopljenog gvožđa koje prate dim.</figcaption></figure> <p>Neki primjeri egzotermnih procesa su: </p> <dl><dd><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sagorijevanje" title="Sagorijevanje">Sagorijevanje</a> <a href="/wiki/Gorivo" title="Gorivo">goriva</a> kao što su <a href="/wiki/Drvo" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Drvo">drvo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ugalj" title="Ugalj">ugalj</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ulje" title="Ulje">ulje</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nafta" title="Nafta">nafta</a> ;</li> <li>Termitna reakcija;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Reakcija <a href="/wiki/Alkalni_metali" title="Alkalni metali">alkalnih metala</a> i drugih visoko <a href="/wiki/Elektri%C4%8Dni_naboj" title="Električni naboj">elektropozitivnih</a> metala sa vodom;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondenzacija" title="Kondenzacija">Kondenzacija</a> kiše iz vodene pare;</li> <li>Miješanje vode i <a href="/wiki/Jake_kiseline" class="mw-redirect" title="Jake kiseline">jake kiseline</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Jake_baze" class="mw-redirect" title="Jake baze">jake baze</a>;</li> <li>Reakcija <a href="/wiki/Kiselina" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiselina">kiseline</a> i <a href="/wiki/Baza_(hemija)" title="Baza (hemija)">baze</a>;</li> <li>Dehidracija <a href="/wiki/Ugljikohidrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugljikohidrat">ugljikohidrata</a> pomoću <a href="/wiki/Sumporna_kiselina" title="Sumporna kiselina">sumporne kiseline</a>;</li> <li>Postavljanje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cement (stranica ne postoji)">cementa</a> i <a href="/wiki/Beton" title="Beton">betona</a>;</li> <li>Neke reakcije <a href="/wiki/Polimerizacija" title="Polimerizacija">polimerizacije</a>, kao što je vezivanje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epoksidna_smola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epoksidna smola (stranica ne postoji)">epoksidne smole</a>;</li> <li>Reakcija većine <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metala</a> s <a href="/wiki/Halogeni" class="mw-redirect" title="Halogeni">halogenima</a> ili kisikom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuklearna_fuzija" title="Nuklearna fuzija">Nuklearna fuzija</a> u vodikovim bombama i u zvjezdanim jezgrima (za <a href="/wiki/Gvo%C5%BE%C4%91e" class="mw-redirect" title="Gvožđe">gvožđe</a>);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuklearna_fisija" title="Nuklearna fisija">Nuklearna fisija</a> teških elemenata;</li> <li>Reakcija između <a href="/wiki/Cink" title="Cink">cinka</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hlorovodik" title="Hlorovodik">hlorovodične kiseline</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%86elijsko_disanje" title="Ćelijsko disanje">Disanje</a> (razgradnja glukoze radi oslobađanja energije u ćelijama)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implikacije_za_hemijske_reakcije">Implikacije za hemijske reakcije</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzotermni_proces&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Implikacije za hemijske reakcije"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzotermni_proces&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Implikacije za hemijske reakcije"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Glavni članak: <a href="/wiki/Egzotermna_reakcija" title="Egzotermna reakcija">Egzotermna reakcija</a></div> <p>Hemijske egzotermne reakcije uglavnom su spontanije od njihovih alternativa, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Endotermna_reakcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endotermna reakcija (stranica ne postoji)">endotermnih reakcija</a>. </p><p>U termohemijskoj reakciji koja je egzotermna, među produktima reakcije može biti biti toplota. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kontrast_termodinamičke_i_biološke_terminologije"><span id="Kontrast_termodinami.C4.8Dke_i_biolo.C5.A1ke_terminologije"></span>Kontrast termodinamičke i biološke terminologije</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzotermni_proces&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Kontrast termodinamičke i biološke terminologije"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzotermni_proces&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Kontrast termodinamičke i biološke terminologije"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zbog historijske nesporazuma, studenti nailaze na izvor moguće zabune između terminologije u <a href="/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika">fizici</a> i <a href="/wiki/Biologija" title="Biologija">biologiji</a>. Dok se termin <i>termodinamički</i> i <i>egzotermni</i>, odnosno <i>endotermni</i> odnose na procese koji odaju toplotnu energiju i procese koji apsorbiraju toplotnu energiju, u biologiji smisao je efektivno obrnut. Pojmovi <a href="/wiki/Metabolizam" title="Metabolizam">metabolički</a> <a href="/wiki/Ektotermija" title="Ektotermija">ektotermni</a> i <a href="/wiki/Endotermija" title="Endotermija">endotermni</a> odnose se na organizme koji se u velikoj mjeri oslanjaju na vanjsku toplotu da bi postigli punu radnu temperaturu, te na organizme koji proizvode toplotu iz kao glavni faktor u kontroli njihove tjelesne temperature. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Također_pogledajte"><span id="Tako.C4.91er_pogledajte"></span>Također pogledajte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzotermni_proces&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak "Također pogledajte"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzotermni_proces&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Također pogledajte"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312387">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalorimetrija" title="Kalorimetrija">Kalorimetrija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemijska_termodinamika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemijska termodinamika (stranica ne postoji)">Hemijska termodinamika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diferencijalna_skeniraju%C4%87a_kalorimetrija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diferencijalna skenirajuća kalorimetrija (stranica ne postoji)">Diferencijalna skenirajuća kalorimetrija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endergonska_reakcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endergonska reakcija (stranica ne postoji)">Endergonska reakcija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzergoniija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egzergoniija (stranica ne postoji)">Egzergoniija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eksergonska_reakcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eksergonska reakcija (stranica ne postoji)">Eksergonska reakcija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Endotermna_reakcija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endotermna reakcija (stranica ne postoji)">Endotermna reakcija</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzotermni_proces&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak "Reference"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzotermni_proces&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Reference"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312388">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greek-language.gr/greekLang/modern_greek/tools/lexica/search.html?lq=%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82&dq=">"Gate for the Greek language" on-line dictionary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171205235500/http://www.greek-language.gr/greekLang/modern_greek/tools/lexica/search.html?lq=%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82&dq=">Arhivirano</a> 5. 12. 2017. na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. greek-language.gr</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmidt-Rohr_15-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schmidt-Rohr_15_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmidt-Rohr_15_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schmidt-Rohr, K. (2015). "Why Combustions Are Always Exothermic, Yielding About 418 kJ per Mole of O<sub>2</sub>", <i>J. Chem. Educ.</i> <b>92</b>: 2094-2099. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00333">http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00333</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxtoby8th-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oxtoby8th_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oxtoby, D. W; Gillis, H.P., Butler, L. J. (2015).<i>Principles of Modern Chemistry</i>, Brooks Cole. p. 617. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/978-1305079113" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/978-1305079113">978-1305079113</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3303350">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFPerrot1998" class="citation book cs1">Perrot, Pierre (1998). <i>A to Z of Thermodynamics</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/0-19-856552-6" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/0-19-856552-6"><bdi>0-19-856552-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+to+Z+of+Thermodynamics&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-19-856552-6&rft.aulast=Perrot&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbs.wikipedia.org%3AEgzotermni+proces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/thermo/faq/exothermic-endothermic-examples.shtml">Exothermic – Endothermic examples</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060901100540/http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/thermo/faq/exothermic-endothermic-examples.shtml">Arhivirano</a> 1. 9. 2006. na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. frostburg.edu</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.colorado.edu/lab/lecture-demo-manual/t510-exothermic-reaction-thermite">[1]</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjski_linkovi">Vanjski linkovi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzotermni_proces&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak "Vanjski linkovi"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egzotermni_proces&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Vanjski linkovi"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3627399">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3486241">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons logo"><img alt="Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons logo</figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" class="extiw" title="commons:Početna strana">Commons</a> ima datoteke na temu: <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Exothermic_reaction?uselang=bs">Egzotermni proces </a></span></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://chemistry.about.com/b/a/184556.htm">http://chemistry.about.com/b/a/184556.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060522175716/http://chemistry.about.com/b/a/184556.htm">Arhivirano</a> 22. 5. 2006. na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Observe exothermic reactions in a simple experiment</li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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