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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ministers of Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ministers_of_Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Names_of_the_Ministry_of_Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Names_of_the_Ministry_of_Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Names of the Ministry of Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Names_of_the_Ministry_of_Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Organisation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultural activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7)" title="وزارة الثقافة (فرنسا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وزارة الثقافة (فرنسا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministrerezh_ar_Sevenadur_(gall)" title="Ministrerezh ar Sevenadur (gall) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ministrerezh ar Sevenadur (gall)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_franske_Kulturministerium" title="Det franske Kulturministerium – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Det franske Kulturministerium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministerium_f%C3%BCr_Kultur_(Frankreich)" title="Ministerium für Kultur (Frankreich) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ministerium für Kultur (Frankreich)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministerio_de_Cultura_(Francia)" title="Ministerio de Cultura (Francia) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ministerio de Cultura (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministerio_pri_kulturo_(Francio)" title="Ministerio pri kulturo (Francio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ministerio pri kulturo (Francio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_Ministerioa_(Frantzia)" title="Kultura Ministerioa (Frantzia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kultura Ministerioa (Frantzia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="وزارت فرهنگ فرانسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وزارت فرهنگ فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_Culture_(France)" title="Ministère de la Culture (France) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ministère de la Culture (France)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EB%B6%80_(%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4)" title="문화부 (프랑스) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="문화부 (프랑스)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministarstvo_kulture_Francuske" title="Ministarstvo kulture Francuske – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ministarstvo kulture Francuske" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministero_della_cultura_(Francia)" title="Ministero della cultura (Francia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ministero della cultura (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_(%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA)" title="משרד התרבות (צרפת) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משרד התרבות (צרפת)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Министерство за култура на Франција – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Министерство за култура на Франција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%9C%81_(%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9)" title="文化省 (フランス) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="文化省 (フランス)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minist%C3%A9rio_da_Cultura_(Fran%C3%A7a)" title="Ministério da Cultura (França) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ministério da Cultura (França)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskan_kulttuuriministeri" title="Ranskan kulttuuriministeri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranskan kulttuuriministeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr_Bakanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1_(Fransa)" title="Kültür Bakanlığı (Fransa) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kültür Bakanlığı (Fransa)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97" title="Міністерство культури Франції – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міністерство культури Франції" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%83%A8" title="法国文化部 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法国文化部" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">Minister of Culture</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: normal;"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Ministre de la Culture</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_Culture.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_Culture.svg/150px-Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_Culture.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_Culture.svg/225px-Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_Culture.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_Culture.svg/300px-Minist%C3%A8re_de_la_Culture.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="151" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rachida_Dati_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Rachida_Dati_portrait.jpg/220px-Rachida_Dati_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Rachida_Dati_portrait.jpg/330px-Rachida_Dati_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Rachida_Dati_portrait.jpg/440px-Rachida_Dati_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br /><a href="/wiki/Rachida_Dati" title="Rachida Dati">Rachida Dati</a><br /></div>since 11 January 2024</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_France" title="Government of France">Council of Ministers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reports to</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of the Republic</a><br />and to <a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">Parliament</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal">Palais-Royal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Seat_(legal_entity)" title="Seat (legal entity)">Seat</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of the Republic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data">No fixed term<br />Remains in office while commanding the confidence of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> and the <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of the Republic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constituting instrument</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_France" title="Constitution of France">Constitution of 4 October 1958</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">8 January 1959</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Malraux" title="André Malraux">André Malraux</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salary</th><td class="infobox-data">€9,940 per month</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.culture.gouv.fr/en/">www<wbr />.culture<wbr />.gouv<wbr />.fr<wbr />/en<wbr />/</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384602#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Ministry of Culture</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Ministère de la Culture</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_(government_department)" title="Ministry (government department)">ministry</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_France" title="Government of France">Government of France</a> in charge of <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_France" title="List of museums in France">national museums</a> and the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Monument_historique" title="Monument historique">monuments historiques</a></i></span>. Its goal is to maintain the French identity through the promotion and protection of the arts (visual, plastic, theatrical, musical, dance, architectural, literary, televisual and cinematographic) on national soil and abroad. Its budget is mainly dedicated to the management of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Archives_Nationales_(France)" title="Archives Nationales (France)">Archives Nationales</a></i></span> (six national sites and hundred decentralised storage facilities) and the regional <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Maisons de la culture</i></span> (culture centres). </p><p>Its main office is in the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal">Palais-Royal</a></span></span> in the <a href="/wiki/1st_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="1st arrondissement of Paris">1st arrondissement of Paris</a> on the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_Valois" title="Rue de Valois">Rue de Valois</a></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is headed by the Minister of Culture, a cabinet member. The current officeholder has been <a href="/wiki/Rachida_Dati" title="Rachida Dati">Rachida Dati</a> since 11 January 2024. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Culture_(France)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ministry_of_Culture_(France)" title="Special:EditPage/Ministry of Culture (France)">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Deriving from the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Italian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Burgundy" title="Duchy of Burgundy">Burgundian</a> courts of the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, the notion that the state had a key role to play in the sponsoring of artistic production and that the arts were linked to national prestige was found in France from at least the 16th century on. During the pre-revolutionary period, these ideas are apparent in such things as the creation of the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie française">Académie française</a></span></span>, the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_de_peinture_et_de_sculpture" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie de peinture et de sculpture">Académie de peinture et de sculpture</a> and other state-sponsored institutions of artistic production, and through the cultural policies of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a>'s minister <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Colbert" title="Jean-Baptiste Colbert">Jean-Baptiste Colbert</a>. </p><p>The modern post of Minister of Culture was created by <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> in 1959 and the first officeholder was the writer <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Malraux" title="André Malraux">André Malraux</a>. Malraux was responsible for realising the goals of the <i>droit à la culture</i> ('right to culture'), an idea which had been incorporated in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_France" title="Constitution of France">Constitution of France</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> (1948), by democratising access to culture, while also achieving the <a href="/wiki/Gaullism" title="Gaullism">Gaullist</a> aim of elevating the "grandeur" ('greatness') of post-war France. To this end, he created numerous regional cultural centres throughout France and actively sponsored the arts. Malraux's artistic tastes included the modern arts and the avant-garde, but on the whole he remained conservative. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Archives_nationales_Pierrefitte_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Archives_nationales_Pierrefitte_1.jpg/220px-Archives_nationales_Pierrefitte_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Archives_nationales_Pierrefitte_1.jpg/330px-Archives_nationales_Pierrefitte_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Archives_nationales_Pierrefitte_1.jpg/440px-Archives_nationales_Pierrefitte_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>One of France's six National Archives sites operated by the Ministry of Culture, in <a href="/wiki/Pierrefitte-sur-Seine" title="Pierrefitte-sur-Seine">Pierrefitte-sur-Seine</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Under President <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> the Minister of Culture was <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lang_(French_politician)" title="Jack Lang (French politician)">Jack Lang</a> who showed himself to be far more open to popular cultural production, including <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rap_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Rap music">rap music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bande_dessin%C3%A9e" title="Bande dessinée">bande dessinées</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fashion" title="Fashion">fashion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a>. His famous phrase "économie et culture, même combat" ('economy and culture: it's the same fight') is representative of his commitment to cultural democracy and to active national sponsorship and participation in cultural production. In addition to the creation of the <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_la_Musique" title="Fête de la Musique">Fête de la Musique</a></i> and overseeing the French Revolution bicentennial (1989), he was in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Grands_Projets_of_Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="Grands Projets of François Mitterrand">massive architectural program</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> years (the so-called <i>Grands travaux</i>; 'Great Works') that gave permission for the building of the <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale">Bibliothèque nationale</a>, the new <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_World_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab World Institute">Arab World Institute</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay" title="Musée d'Orsay">Musée d'Orsay</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-Bastille" class="mw-redirect" title="Opéra-Bastille">Opéra-Bastille</a>, the "<a href="/wiki/Grande_Arche" title="Grande Arche">Grande Arche</a>" of <a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9fense" title="La Défense">La Défense</a> (the Parisian business quarter), the new seat of the <a href="/wiki/French_Ministry_for_the_Economy_and_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="French Ministry for the Economy and Finance">French Ministry for the Economy and Finance</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Tjibaou_Cultural_Centre" title="Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre">Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_des_Sciences_et_de_l%27Industrie" title="Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie">Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_de_la_Musique" title="Cité de la Musique">Cité de la Musique</a>, both in the <a href="/wiki/Parc_de_la_Villette" title="Parc de la Villette">Parc de la Villette</a>. </p><p>The Ministry of <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Toubon" title="Jacques Toubon">Jacques Toubon</a> was notable for a number of laws (the "<a href="/wiki/Toubon_Law" title="Toubon Law">Toubon Laws</a>") enacted for the preservation of the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French language</a>, both in advertisements (all ads must include a French translation of foreign words) and on the radio (35% of songs on French radio stations must be in French), ostensibly in reaction to the presence of English. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ministers_of_Culture">Ministers of Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Culture_(France)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ministers of Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following people were appointed Minister of Culture of France: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>February 1959: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Malraux" title="André Malraux">André Malraux</a></li> <li>June 1969: <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Michelet" title="Edmond Michelet">Edmond Michelet</a></li> <li>October 1970: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bettencourt" title="André Bettencourt">André Bettencourt</a></li> <li>January 1971: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Duhamel" title="Jacques Duhamel">Jacques Duhamel</a></li> <li>April 1973: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Druon" title="Maurice Druon">Maurice Druon</a></li> <li>March 1974: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Peyrefitte" title="Alain Peyrefitte">Alain Peyrefitte</a></li> <li>June 1974: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Guy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Guy (page does not exist)">Michel Guy</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Guy" class="extiw" title="fr:Michel Guy">fr</a>]</span></li> <li>August 1976: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Giroud" title="Françoise Giroud">Françoise Giroud</a></li> <li>March 1977: <a href="/wiki/Michel_d%27Ornano" title="Michel d'Ornano">Michel d'Ornano</a></li> <li>April 1978: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Philippe_Lecat" title="Jean-Philippe Lecat">Jean-Philippe Lecat</a></li> <li>March 1981: <a href="/wiki/Michel_d%27Ornano" title="Michel d'Ornano">Michel d'Ornano</a></li> <li>May 1981: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lang_(French_politician)" title="Jack Lang (French politician)">Jack Lang</a></li> <li>March 1986: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_L%C3%A9otard" title="François Léotard">François Léotard</a></li> <li>May 1988: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lang_(French_politician)" title="Jack Lang (French politician)">Jack Lang</a></li> <li>March 1993: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Toubon" title="Jacques Toubon">Jacques Toubon</a></li> <li>May 1995: <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Douste-Blazy" title="Philippe Douste-Blazy">Philippe Douste-Blazy</a></li> <li>June 1997: <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Trautmann" title="Catherine Trautmann">Catherine Trautmann</a></li> <li>March 2000: <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Tasca" title="Catherine Tasca">Catherine Tasca</a></li> <li>May 2002: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Aillagon" title="Jean-Jacques Aillagon">Jean-Jacques Aillagon</a></li> <li>March 2004: <a href="/wiki/Renaud_Donnedieu_de_Vabres" title="Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres">Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres</a></li> <li>May 2007: <a href="/wiki/Christine_Albanel" title="Christine Albanel">Christine Albanel</a></li> <li>June 2009: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mitterrand" title="Frédéric Mitterrand">Frédéric Mitterrand</a></li> <li>May 2012: <a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A9lie_Filippetti" title="Aurélie Filippetti">Aurélie Filippetti</a></li> <li>August 2014: <a href="/wiki/Fleur_Pellerin" title="Fleur Pellerin">Fleur Pellerin</a></li> <li>February 2016: <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Azoulay" title="Audrey Azoulay">Audrey Azoulay</a></li> <li>May 2017: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Nyssen" title="Françoise Nyssen">Françoise Nyssen</a></li> <li>October 2018: <a href="/wiki/Franck_Riester" title="Franck Riester">Franck Riester</a></li> <li>July 2020: <a href="/wiki/Roselyne_Bachelot" title="Roselyne Bachelot">Roselyne Bachelot</a></li> <li>May 2022: <a href="/wiki/Rima_Abdul_Malak" title="Rima Abdul Malak">Rima Abdul Malak</a></li> <li>January 2024: <a href="/wiki/Rachida_Dati" title="Rachida Dati">Rachida Dati</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names_of_the_Ministry_of_Culture">Names of the Ministry of Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Culture_(France)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Names of the Ministry of Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the French constitution does not identify specific ministers (merely speaking of "the minister in charge of" this or that), each government may label each ministry as they wish, or even have a broader ministry in charge of several governmental sectors. Hence, the ministry has gone through a number of different names: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <ul><li>1959: <i>Ministère des Affaires culturelles</i></li> <li>1974: <i>Ministère des Affaires culturelles et de l'Environnement</i></li> <li>1974: <i>Secrétariat d'État à la Culture</i></li> <li>1976: <i>Ministère de la Culture et de l'Environnement</i></li> <li>1978: <i>Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication</i></li> <li>1981: <i>Ministère de la Culture</i></li> <li>1986: <i>Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication</i></li> <li>1988: <i>Ministère de la Culture, de la Communication, des Grands Travaux et du Bicentenaire</i></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li>1991: <i>Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication</i></li> <li>1992: <i>Ministère de l'Éducation nationale et de la Culture</i></li> <li>1993: <i>Ministère de la Culture et de la Francophonie</i></li> <li>1995: <i>Ministère de la Culture</i></li> <li>1997: <i>Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication</i></li> <li>2017: <i>Ministère de la Culture</i></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Culture_(France)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_administration">Central administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Culture_(France)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Central administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ministry of Culture is made up of a variety of internal divisions, including: </p> <ul><li><i>Direction de l'administration générale</i> (DAG)</li> <li><i>Direction de l'architecture et du patrimoine</i> (DAPA) in charge of national monuments and heritage <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_inventory_of_cultural_heritage" title="General inventory of cultural heritage">General inventory of cultural heritage</a> maintains extensive databases of historical sites and objects via the <a href="/wiki/Base_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Base Mérimée">Base Mérimée</a> and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Monument_historique" title="Monument historique">monument historique</a></i></span> status.</li></ul></li> <li><i>Direction des archives de France</i> (DAF) in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Archives_nationales_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archives nationales (France)">National Archives</a></li> <li><i>Direction du livre et de la lecture</i> (DLL) in charge of <a href="/wiki/French_literature" title="French literature">French literature</a> and the book trade</li> <li><i>Direction de la musique, de la danse, du théâtre et des spectacles</i> (DMDTS) in charge of <a href="/wiki/French_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="French culture">music, dance and theater</a></li> <li><i>Direction des Musées de France</i> (DMF) in charge of national museums</li></ul> <p>The Ministry has access to one inter-ministerial division: </p> <ul><li><i>Direction du développement des médias</i> (DDM) in charge of developing and expanding the <a href="/wiki/Media_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of France">French media</a> (although French public television is run through the public-service company <a href="/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions" title="France Télévisions">France Télévisions</a>)</li></ul> <p>The Ministry also runs three "delegations" (administrative boards): </p> <ul><li><i>Délégation aux arts plastiques</i> (DAP) in charge of the visual and sculptural arts</li> <li><i>Délégation au développement et aux affaires internationales</i> (DDAI) in charge of international affairs and French art</li> <li><i>Délégation générale à la langue française et aux langues de France</i> (DGLFLF) in charge of the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_France" title="Languages of France">languages of France</a></li></ul> <p>Finally, the Ministry shares in the management of the <a href="/wiki/Centre_national_du_cin%C3%A9ma_et_de_l%27image_anim%C3%A9e" title="Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée">National Centre of Cinema</a> (Centre national de la cinématographie, CNC), a public institution.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Alliance_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Alliance française">Alliance française</a> is run by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Europe_and_Foreign_Affairs_(France)" title="Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (France)">Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_services">Other services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Culture_(France)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the national level, the Ministry also runs: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Regional</a> Cultural Affairs (Direction régionale des affaires culturelles, DRAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Departmental</a> Architecture and Monuments (Services départementaux de l'architecture et du patrimoine, SDAP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Departmental</a> Archives under the direction of the <a href="/wiki/Departmental_councils_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Departmental councils (France)">departmental councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_National_de_la_Danse" title="Centre National de la Danse">Centre National de la Danse</a>, institution for the study and preservation of dance<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_activities">Cultural activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Culture_(France)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cultural activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ministry of Culture is responsible for, or a major sponsor of, a number of annual cultural activities, including the <i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_la_Musique" title="Fête de la Musique">Fête de la Musique</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Maison_de_la_culture_de_Grenoble" title="Maison de la culture de Grenoble">Maison de la culture de Grenoble</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Festival_d%27Avignon" title="Festival d'Avignon">Festival d'Avignon</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Public_Establishment_of_the_Palace,_Museum_and_National_Estate_of_Versailles" title="Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles">Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Joconde" title="Joconde">Joconde</a> (online database of objects in French museums), the <a href="/wiki/Base_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Base Mérimée">Base Mérimée</a> (database of listed heritage monuments), and the <a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%AEtre_d%27art" title="Maître d'art">Maître d'art</a> program. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Culture_(France)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Nancy Marmer, "The New Culture: France '82", <i>Art in America,</i> December 1982, pp. 115–123, 181-189.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Culture_(France)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturecommunication.gouv.fr/">"Accueil"</a>. <i>Ministère de la Culture</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160511161520/http://www.culturecommunication.gouv.fr/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2016</span>. <q>Nous contacter: 3, rue de Valois, 75001 Paris</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Minist%C3%A8re+de+la+Culture&rft.atitle=Accueil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturecommunication.gouv.fr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinistry+of+Culture+%28France%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Base_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Base Mérimée">Base Mérimée</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/PA00085993">Domaine national du Palais-Royal (ancien Palais Cardinal), comprenant Conseil d'Etat, Conseil Constitutionnel, Ministère de la Culture, théâtre de la Comédie Française</a>, Ministère français de la Culture. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Go to their link <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnc.fr">here</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051210074418/http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/min/index-min.htm">Ministry of Culture</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnd.fr/en/page/21-missions">"Missions"</a>. <i>Centre national de la danse</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centre+national+de+la+danse&rft.atitle=Missions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnd.fr%2Fen%2Fpage%2F21-missions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinistry+of+Culture+%28France%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Culture_(France)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministers_of_Culture_of_France" title="Template:Ministers of Culture of France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministers_of_Culture_of_France" title="Template talk:Ministers of Culture of France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers_of_Culture_of_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministers of Culture of France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_Culture_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Culture_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Culture (France)">Ministers of Culture of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Malraux" title="André Malraux">André Malraux</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Michelet" title="Edmond Michelet">Edmond Michelet</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bettencourt" title="André Bettencourt">André Bettencourt</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Duhamel" title="Jacques Duhamel">Jacques Duhamel</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Druon" title="Maurice Druon">Maurice Druon</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Peyrefitte" title="Alain Peyrefitte">Alain Peyrefitte</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Guy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Guy (page does not exist)">Michel Guy</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Giroud" title="Françoise Giroud">Françoise Giroud</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_d%27Ornano" title="Michel d'Ornano">Michel d'Ornano</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Philippe_Lecat" title="Jean-Philippe Lecat">Jean-Philippe Lecat</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_d%27Ornano" title="Michel d'Ornano">Michel d'Ornano</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lang_(French_politician)" title="Jack Lang (French politician)">Jack Lang</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_L%C3%A9otard" title="François Léotard">François Léotard</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lang_(French_politician)" title="Jack Lang (French politician)">Jack Lang</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Toubon" title="Jacques Toubon">Jacques Toubon</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Douste-Blazy" title="Philippe Douste-Blazy">Philippe Douste-Blazy</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Trautmann" title="Catherine Trautmann">Catherine Trautmann</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Tasca" title="Catherine Tasca">Catherine Tasca</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Aillagon" title="Jean-Jacques Aillagon">Jean-Jacques Aillagon</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaud_Donnedieu_de_Vabres" title="Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres">Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Albanel" title="Christine Albanel">Christine Albanel</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mitterrand" title="Frédéric Mitterrand">Frédéric Mitterrand</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aur%C3%A9lie_Filippetti" title="Aurélie Filippetti">Aurélie Filippetti</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleur_Pellerin" title="Fleur Pellerin">Fleur Pellerin</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audrey_Azoulay" title="Audrey Azoulay">Audrey Azoulay</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Nyssen" title="Françoise Nyssen">Françoise Nyssen</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franck_Riester" title="Franck Riester">Franck Riester</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roselyne_Bachelot" title="Roselyne Bachelot">Roselyne Bachelot</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rima_Abdul_Malak" title="Rima Abdul Malak">Rima Abdul Malak</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachida_Dati" title="Rachida Dati">Rachida Dati</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government_of_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_Government" title="Template:French Government"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_Government" title="Template talk:French Government"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_Government" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French Government"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Government_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_France" title="Government of France">Government of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Head of government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministerial portfolios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Europe_and_Foreign_Affairs_(France)" title="Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (France)">Europe and Foreign Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(France)" title="Ministry of National Education (France)">National Education, Youth and Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economics_and_Finance_(France)" title="Ministry of Economics and Finance (France)">Economy and Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Armed_Forces_(France)" title="Ministry of Armed Forces (France)">Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Interior_(France)" title="Minister of the Interior (France)">Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Labour,_Employment_and_Economic_Inclusion_(France)" title="Minister of Labour, Employment and Economic Inclusion (France)">Labour, Employment and Economic Inclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ecological_Transition_(France)" title="Ministry of Ecological Transition (France)">Ecological Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Territorial_Development_(France)" title="Minister of Territorial Development (France)">Territorial Cohesion and Relations with Local Authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Justice (France)">Justice</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Overseas_(France)" title="Ministry of the Overseas (France)">Overseas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Health_(France)" title="Minister of Health (France)">Solidarity and Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Sea_(France)" title="Minister of the Sea (France)">Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Higher_Education,_Research_and_Innovation_(France)" title="Minister of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (France)">Higher Education, Research and Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(France)" title="Ministry of Agriculture (France)">Agriculture and Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Civil_Service_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Civil Service Ministers of France">Public Transformation and Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Gender_Equality,_Diversity_and_Equal_Opportunities" title="Minister for Gender Equality, Diversity and Equal Opportunities">Gender Equality, Diversity and Equal Opportunities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former portfolios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Air_(France)" title="Minister of Air (France)">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(France)" title="Ministry of Information (France)">Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Navy_(France)" title="Ministry of the Navy (France)">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Police_(France)" title="Ministry of Police (France)">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_War_(France)" title="Ministry of War (France)">War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid 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.portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/21px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/42px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/21px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/42px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384602#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384602#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384602#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123487710">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/127775066">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/127833995">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/158199212">3</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83033984">United States</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83174909">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11868511w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11868511w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987009348978705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list 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