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id="toc-Founding_and_initial_growth_(2007–2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growth,_YouTube_acquisition_speculation_(2014)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth,_YouTube_acquisition_speculation_(2014)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Growth, YouTube acquisition speculation (2014) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth,_YouTube_acquisition_speculation_(2014)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amazon_subsidiary_(2014–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amazon_subsidiary_(2014–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Amazon subsidiary (2014–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amazon_subsidiary_(2014–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Content </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Content-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Content subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-As_a_teaching_tool" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_teaching_tool"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 As a teaching tool </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_teaching_tool-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Charity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Esports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Esports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Esports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Esports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Professional sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Emotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creators_and_audience" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creators_and_audience"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Creators and audience </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Creators_and_audience-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Creators and audience subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Creators_and_audience-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Streamers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Streamers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Streamers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Streamers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Users" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Users"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Users </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Users-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partner_and_affiliate_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partner_and_affiliate_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Partner and affiliate programs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partner_and_affiliate_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Content_moderation_and_restrictions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Content_moderation_and_restrictions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Content moderation and restrictions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Content_moderation_and_restrictions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Content moderation and restrictions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Content_moderation_and_restrictions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Copyrighted_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copyrighted_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Copyrighted content </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copyrighted_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mature_content" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mature_content"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Mature content </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mature_content-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hate_speech_and_harassment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hate_speech_and_harassment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Hate speech and harassment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hate_speech_and_harassment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extremism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extremism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Extremism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extremism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gambling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gambling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Gambling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gambling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_censorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_censorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Internet censorship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_censorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Platform_support" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Platform_support"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Platform support </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Platform_support-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Platform support subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Platform_support-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twitch_Desktop_App_and_CurseForge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twitch_Desktop_App_and_CurseForge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Twitch Desktop App and CurseForge </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twitch_Desktop_App_and_CurseForge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creator_Dashboard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creator_Dashboard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Creator Dashboard </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creator_Dashboard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TwitchCon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TwitchCon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 TwitchCon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TwitchCon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Twitch (service)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" > 63 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="تويتش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تويتش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9A_(%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE)" title="টুইচ (সেবা) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="টুইচ (সেবা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch.tv" title="Twitch.tv – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Twitch.tv" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch_(slu%C5%BEba)" title="Twitch (služba) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Twitch (služba)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch.tv" title="Twitch.tv – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Twitch.tv" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C%DA%86" title="توییچ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توییچ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EC%9C%84%EC%B9%98" title="트위치 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="트위치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch.tv" title="Twitch.tv – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Twitch.tv" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="تويتش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تويتش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch_(perkhidmatan)" title="Twitch (perkhidmatan) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Twitch (perkhidmatan)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch_(service)" title="Twitch (service) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Twitch (service)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%86_(%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AA%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C)" title="تویچ (خزمەتگوزاری) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تویچ (خزمەتگوزاری)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D" title="டுவிட்ச் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டுவிட்ச்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%8C" title="ทวิตช์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทวิตช์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%86_%DA%88%D8%A7%D9%B9_%D9%B9%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C" title="ٹویچ ڈاٹ ٹی وی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ٹویچ ڈاٹ ٹی وی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch" title="Twitch – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Twitch" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected until January 25, 2028 at 15:36 UTC."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American live-streaming platform</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Twitch Interactive Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Twitch_logo_2019.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Twitch_logo_2019.svg/220px-Twitch_logo_2019.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Twitch_logo_2019.svg/330px-Twitch_logo_2019.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Twitch_logo_2019.svg/440px-Twitch_logo_2019.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="171" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:gainsboro;text-align:center">Screenshot</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center"> <a href="/wiki/File:Twitch_Website_Screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/ff/Twitch_Website_Screenshot.png/300px-Twitch_Website_Screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/ff/Twitch_Website_Screenshot.png 1.5x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="274" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Homepage in November 2024</div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type of business</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Type of site</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Live_streaming" title="Live streaming">Live streaming</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">Video on demand</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Justin.tv" title="Justin.tv">Justin.tv</a><a href="#cite_note-linout-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area served</th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Organizational_founder" title="Organizational founder">Founder(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Kan" title="Justin Kan">Justin Kan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Shear" title="Emmett Shear">Emmett Shear</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Seibel" title="Michael Seibel">Michael Seibel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Vogt" title="Kyle Vogt">Kyle Vogt</a></li><li>Kevin Lin<a href="#cite_note-linout-1">[1]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key people</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Clancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel J. Clancy">Dan Clancy</a> (<a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a>)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li><li>Laura Lee (<a href="/wiki/Chief_content_officer" title="Chief content officer">CCO</a>)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Boom" title="Steve Boom">Steve Boom</a> (<a href="/wiki/VP" class="mw-redirect" title="VP">VP</a> of Audio, Twitch, and Games at Amazon)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitch.tv">twitch.tv</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commercial</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registration</th><td class="infobox-data">Optional</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">June 6, 2011; 13 years ago (2011-06-06)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Current status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Active</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_System_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous System Number">ASN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bgp.tools/as/46489">46489</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> Twitch is an American video <a href="/wiki/Live-streaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Live-streaming">live-streaming</a> service that focuses on <a href="/wiki/Video_game_live_streaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game live streaming">video game live streaming</a>, including broadcasts of <a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">esports</a> competitions, in addition to offering music broadcasts, creative content, and "in <a href="/wiki/Real_life" title="Real life">real life</a>" streams. Twitch is operated by Twitch Interactive, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gamasutra-amazon-5">[5]</a> It was introduced in June 2011 as a spin-off of the general-interest streaming platform <a href="/wiki/Justin.tv" title="Justin.tv">Justin.tv</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Wilhelm-2011-6">[6]</a> Content on the site can be viewed either live or via <a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">video on demand</a>. The games shown on Twitch's current<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twitch_(service)&action=edit">[update]</a> homepage are listed according to audience preference and include genres such as real-time strategy games (RTS), fighting games, racing games, and first-person shooters.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The popularity of Twitch eclipsed that of its general-interest counterpart. In October 2013, the website had 45 million unique viewers,<a href="#cite_note-Ewalt-2013-8">[8]</a> and by February 2014, it was considered the fourth-largest source of peak <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> traffic in the United States. At the same time, Justin.tv's parent company was re-branded as Twitch Interactive to represent the shift in focus when Justin.tv was getting shut down in August 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Truong-2014-9">[9]</a> The same month, the service was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a> for US$970 million,<a href="#cite_note-ceo-letteramazon-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kim-2014-11">[11]</a> which later led to the introduction of synergies with the company's subscription service <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime" title="Amazon Prime">Amazon Prime</a>. By 2015, Twitch had more than 100 million viewers per month.<a href="#cite_note-Needleman-2015-12">[12]</a> In 2017, Twitch remained the leading live-streaming video service for video games in the US, and had an advantage over <a href="/wiki/YouTube_Gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube Gaming">YouTube Gaming</a>, which shut down its standalone app in May 2019.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> As of February 2020,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twitch_(service)&action=edit">[update]</a> it had three million broadcasters monthly and 15 million active users daily, with 1.4 million average <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_user" title="Concurrent user">concurrent users</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DMR-2015-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Perez-2018-17">[17]</a> As of May 2018,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twitch_(service)&action=edit">[update]</a> Twitch had over 27,000 partner channels.<a href="#cite_note-DMR-2015-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> As of October 2023,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twitch_(service)&action=edit">[update]</a> Twitch was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-visited_websites" title="List of most-visited websites">37th-most-visited website in the world</a> with 20.26% of its traffic coming from the United States, followed by Germany with 7.08% and South Korea with 5.49%.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> In late 2023, Twitch announced that they would stop operating in South Korea in 2024 because of its <a href="/wiki/Internet_in_South_Korea#Network_Fee_policy" title="Internet in South Korea">network fee policy</a>, citing prohibitive costs. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_and_initial_growth_(2007–2013)">Founding and initial growth (2007–2013)</h3></div> When <a href="/wiki/Justin.tv" title="Justin.tv">Justin.tv</a> was launched in 2007 by <a href="/wiki/Justin_Kan" title="Justin Kan">Justin Kan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emmett_Shear" title="Emmett Shear">Emmett Shear</a>, two recent <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</a> graduates, the site was divided into several content categories. The gaming category grew especially fast, and became the most popular content on the site.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In June 2011,<a href="#cite_note-Ewalt-2013-8">[8]</a>: 40  the company decided to spin off the gaming content as TwitchTV, inspired by the term <a href="/wiki/Twitch_gameplay" title="Twitch gameplay">twitch gameplay</a>. It launched officially in public beta on June 6, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-Wilhelm-2011-6">[6]</a> Since then, Twitch has attracted more than 35 million unique visitors a month.<a href="#cite_note-TechCrunch-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-techcrunch1-23">[23]</a> Twitch had about 80 employees in June 2013,<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> which increased to 100 by December 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Ewalt-2013-8">[8]</a> The company was headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_San_Francisco" title="Financial District, San Francisco">San Francisco's Financial District</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ewalt-2013-8">[8]</a> Twitch has been supported by significant investments of <a href="/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital</a>, with US$15 million in 2012 (on top of US$7 million originally raised for Justin.tv),<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> and US$20 million in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Investors during three rounds of fund raising leading up to the end of 2013 included <a href="/wiki/Draper_Associates" class="mw-redirect" title="Draper Associates">Draper Associates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bessemer_Venture_Partners" title="Bessemer Venture Partners">Bessemer Venture Partners</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thrive_Capital" title="Thrive Capital">Thrive Capital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ewalt-2013-8">[8]</a>: 40  In addition to the influx of venture funding, it was believed in 2013 that the company had become profitable.<a href="#cite_note-Ewalt-2013-8">[8]</a>: 40  Especially since the shutdown of its direct competitor Own3d.tv in early 2013, Twitch has become the most popular e-sports streaming service by a large margin, leading some to conclude that the website has a "near monopoly on the market".<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Competing video services, such as <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dailymotion" title="Dailymotion">Dailymotion</a>, began to increase the prominence of their gaming content to compete, but have had a much smaller impact so far.<a href="#cite_note-dominates-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> As of mid-2013, there were over 43 million viewers on Twitch monthly, with the average viewer watching an hour and a half a day.<a href="#cite_note-MTV_interview-31">[31]</a> By February 2014, Twitch was the fourth largest source of Internet traffic during peak times in the United States, behind <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>. Twitch made up 1.8% of total US Internet traffic during peak periods.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In late 2013, particularly due to increasing viewership, Twitch had issues with <a href="/wiki/Latency_(engineering)" title="Latency (engineering)">lag</a> and low <a href="/wiki/Frame_rate" title="Frame rate">frame rates</a> in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Twitch has subsequently added new servers in the region.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Also in order to address these problems, Twitch implemented a new video system shown to be more efficient than the previous system. Initially, the new video system was criticized by users because it caused a significant stream delay, interfering with broadcaster–viewer interaction.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Twitch staff said that the increased delay was likely temporary and at the time, was an acceptable tradeoff for the decrease in <a href="/wiki/Data_buffer" title="Data buffer">buffering</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth,_YouTube_acquisition_speculation_(2014)">Growth, YouTube acquisition speculation (2014)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:350_Bush_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/350_Bush_Street.jpg/220px-350_Bush_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/350_Bush_Street.jpg/330px-350_Bush_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/350_Bush_Street.jpg/440px-350_Bush_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3384" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>Twitch headquarters at 350 Bush Street in San Francisco (which reuses the facade of the old <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Curb_Exchange" title="San Francisco Curb Exchange">San Francisco Curb Exchange</a> as an entrance hall for the modern office tower behind it)<a href="#cite_note-King-36">[36]</a></figcaption></figure> On February 10, 2014, Twitch's parent company (Justin.tv, Inc.) was renamed Twitch Interactive, reflecting the increased prominence of the service over Justin.tv as the company's main business.<a href="#cite_note-Truong-2014-9">[9]</a> That same month, a stream known as <a href="/wiki/Twitch_Plays_Pok%C3%A9mon" title="Twitch Plays Pokémon">Twitch Plays Pokémon</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Crowdsourcing" title="Crowdsourcing">crowdsourced</a> attempt to play <a href="/wiki/Pok%C3%A9mon_Red_and_Blue" class="mw-redirect" title="Pokémon Red and Blue">Pokémon Red</a> using a system translating chat commands into game controls, went viral. By February 17, the channel reached over 6.5 million total views and averaged concurrent viewership between 60 and 70,000 viewers with at least 10% participating. Vice President of Marketing Matthew DiPietro praised the stream as "one more example of how video games have become a platform for entertainment and creativity that extends WAY beyond the original intent of the game creator. By merging a video game, live video and a participatory experience, the broadcaster has created an entertainment hybrid custom made for the Twitch community. This is a wonderful proof of concept that we hope to see more of in the future."<a href="#cite_note-polygon-tpp-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-polygon-65million-38">[38]</a> Beginning with its <a href="/wiki/E3_2014" title="E3 2014">2014 edition</a>, Twitch was made the official live-streaming platform of the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Entertainment_Expo" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Entertainment Expo">Electronic Entertainment Expo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> On May 18, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a> first reported that <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> had reached a preliminary deal to acquire Twitch through its <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> subsidiary for approximately US$1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-variety_google_2-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-venturebeat-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-variety_google_1-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-ign_google-43">[43]</a> On August 5, 2014, the original Justin.tv site suddenly ceased operations, citing a need to focus resources entirely on Twitch.<a href="#cite_note-cnet-justinshutdown-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-shut2-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-shut3-46">[46]</a> On August 6, 2014, Twitch introduced an updated archive system, with multi-platform access to highlights from past broadcasts by a channel, higher quality video, increased server backups, and a new Video Manager interface for managing past broadcasts and compiling "highlights" from broadcasts that can also be exported to <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. Due to technological limitations and resource requirements, the new system contained several regressions; the option to archive complete broadcasts on an indefinite basis ("save forever") was removed, meaning that they can only be retained for a maximum of 14 days, or 60 for partners and Turbo subscribers. While compiled highlights can be archived indefinitely, they were limited to two hours in length.<a href="#cite_note-polygon-archive-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-twitch-newvod-48">[48]</a> In addition, Twitch introduced a copyright fingerprinting system that would mute audio in archived clips if it detected a copyrighted song in the stream. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amazon_subsidiary_(2014–present)">Amazon subsidiary (2014–present)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Twitch_booth_(42607003590).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Twitch_booth_%2842607003590%29.jpg/220px-Twitch_booth_%2842607003590%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Twitch_booth_%2842607003590%29.jpg/330px-Twitch_booth_%2842607003590%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Twitch_booth_%2842607003590%29.jpg/440px-Twitch_booth_%2842607003590%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Twitch booth at the 2018 <a href="/wiki/PAX_West" class="mw-redirect" title="PAX West">PAX West</a></figcaption></figure> On August 25, 2014, Amazon acquired Twitch Interactive for US$970 million in an <a href="/wiki/All-cash_deal" class="mw-redirect" title="All-cash deal">all-cash deal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ceo-letteramazon-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kim-2014-11">[11]</a> Sources reported that the rumoured Google deal had fallen through and allowed Amazon to make the bid, with <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> reporting that Google had backed out of the deal due to potential <a href="/wiki/Antitrust_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitrust law">antitrust</a> concerns surrounding it and its existing ownership of YouTube.<a href="#cite_note-forbes-antitrust-49">[49]</a> The acquisition closed on September 25, 2014.<a href="#cite_note-amazon-secfilingclosed-50">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/Take-Two_Interactive" title="Take-Two Interactive">Take-Two Interactive</a>, which owned a 2% stake at the time of the acquisition, made a windfall of $22 million.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Under Amazon, Shear continued as <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> of Twitch Interactive, with Sara Clemens added to the executive team as <a href="/wiki/Chief_operating_officer" title="Chief operating officer">chief operating officer</a> in January 2018.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Shear touted the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a> platform as an "attractive" aspect of the deal, and that Amazon had "built relationships with the big players in media", which could be used to the service's advantage—particularly in the realm of content licensing. The purchase of Twitch marked the third recent video gaming–oriented acquisition by Amazon, which had previously acquired the developers <a href="/wiki/Reflexive_Entertainment" title="Reflexive Entertainment">Reflexive Entertainment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Double_Helix_Games" title="Double Helix Games">Double Helix Games</a>.<a href="#cite_note-verge-makessense-53">[53]</a> On December 9, 2014, Twitch announced it had acquired GoodGame Agency, an organisation that owns the <a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">esports</a> teams <a href="/wiki/Evil_Geniuses" title="Evil Geniuses">Evil Geniuses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alliance_(esports)" title="Alliance (esports)">Alliance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> In March 2015, Twitch reset all user passwords and disabled all connections to external <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> and YouTube accounts after the service reported that someone had gained "unauthorised access" to the user information of some Twitch users.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In June 2016, Twitch added a new feature known as "Cheering", a special form of emoticon purchased as a <a href="/wiki/Microtransaction" title="Microtransaction">microtransaction</a> using an in-site currency known as "Bits".<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Bits are bought using <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Payments" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Payments">Amazon Payments</a>, and cheers act as donations to the channel. Users also earn badges within a channel based on how much they have cheered.<a href="#cite_note-gs-bits-58">[58]</a> On August 1, 2016, it was reported that Twitch had signed a lease for 185,000 square feet (17,187 m2) in a new office tower to be constructed at 350 Bush Street in San Francisco.<a href="#cite_note-Li-59">[59]</a> On August 16, 2016, Twitch acquired <a href="/wiki/Curse_LLC" title="Curse LLC">Curse LLC</a>, an operator of online video gaming communities and gaming-oriented VoIP software.<a href="#cite_note-polygon-twitchcurse-60">[60]</a> In December 2016, GoodGame Agency was divested by Amazon to their respective members due to <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_interest" title="Conflict of interest">conflict of interest</a> concerns.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> On September 30, 2016, Twitch announced Twitch Prime, a service which provides premium features that are exclusive to users who have an active <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime" title="Amazon Prime">Amazon Prime</a> subscription. This included advertising-free streaming, monthly offers of free add-on content ("Game Loot"), and game discounts.<a href="#cite_note-verge-twitchprime-62">[62]</a> Games included with the game loot rewards were <a href="/wiki/Apex_Legends" title="Apex Legends">Apex Legends</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legends_of_Runeterra" title="Legends of Runeterra">Legends of Runeterra</a>, <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Ultimate_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="FIFA Ultimate Team">FIFA Ultimate Team</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teamfight_Tactics" title="Teamfight Tactics">Teamfight Tactics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobile_Legends:_Bang_Bang" title="Mobile Legends: Bang Bang">Mobile Legends: Bang Bang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doom_Eternal" title="Doom Eternal">Doom Eternal</a>, and more.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> In December 2016, Twitch announced a semi-automated chat moderation tool (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style>AutoMod), which uses <a href="/wiki/Natural_language_processing" title="Natural language processing">natural language processing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a> to set aside potentially unwanted content for human review.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> In February 2017, Twitch announced the Twitch Game Store, a digital distribution platform that would expose digital purchases of games within the site's browsing interface. When streaming games available on the store, partnered channels could display a <a href="/wiki/Referral_marketing" title="Referral marketing">referral link</a> to purchase the game—receiving a 5% commission. Users also received a "Twitch Crate" on every purchase, which included Bits and a collection of random chat emotes.<a href="#cite_note-verge-twitchcommerce-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> In August 2017, Twitch announced it had acquired video indexing platform ClipMine.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> On August 20, 2018, Twitch announced that it will no longer offer advertising-free access to the entire service to Amazon Prime subscribers, with this privilege requiring the separate "Twitch Turbo" subscription or an individual channel subscription. This privilege ended for new customers effective September 14, 2018, and for existing customers October 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Statt-2018-69">[69]</a> In October 2018, Twitch announced Amazon Blacksmith, a new extension allowing broadcasters to configure displays of products associated with their streams with Amazon affiliate links.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> On November 27, 2018, Twitch discontinued the Game Store service, citing that it did not generate as much additional revenue for partners as they hoped, and new revenue opportunities such as Amazon Blacksmith. Users retain access to their purchased games.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> On December 12, 2018, <a href="/wiki/Fandom_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Fandom Inc.">Fandom, Inc.</a> had reached an agreement to acquire <a href="/wiki/Curse_LLC#Curse_Media" title="Curse LLC">Curse Media</a>, a spin-off of Curse, from Twitch Interactive for an undisclosed amount. Curse was dissolved and its assets were moved under Twitch Interactive.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Twitch's new headquarters at 350 Bush Street opened in August 2019. To comply with <a href="/wiki/Historic_preservation" title="Historic preservation">historic preservation</a> requirements, the developer kept the front facade of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Curb_Exchange" title="San Francisco Curb Exchange">San Francisco Curb Exchange</a>, but tore down everything behind the facade, and built a reconstruction of the old trading hall through which visitors must walk to reach the modern high-rise office tower behind it.<a href="#cite_note-King-36">[36]</a> Twitch acquired the <a href="/wiki/IGDB" title="IGDB">Internet Games Database</a> (IGDb), a user-driven website similar in functionality to <a href="/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Movie Database">Internet Movie Database</a> (IMDb) to catalog details of video games in September 2019. Twitch plans to use the database service to improve its own internal search features and help users find games they are interested in.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> On September 26, 2019, Twitch unveiled a new logo and updated site design. The design is accompanied by a new advertising campaign, "You're already one of us", which will seek to promote the platform's community members.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Twitch began signing exclusivity deals with high-profile streamers in December 2019.<a href="#cite_note-Stephen-2019-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shanley-2020-78">[78]</a> Twitch introduced a Safety Advisory Council in May 2020, made up from streamers, academics, and <a href="/wiki/Think_tanks" class="mw-redirect" title="Think tanks">think tanks</a>, with a goal to develop guidelines for moderation, work-life balance, and safeguarding the interests of marginalized communities for the platform.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The announcement attracted controversy, and CEO Emmett Shear later clarified that the role of the council was purely advisory.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> On June 22, 2020, Twitch Interactive sold <a href="/wiki/CurseForge" class="mw-redirect" title="CurseForge">CurseForge</a> to <a href="/wiki/Overwolf" title="Overwolf">Overwolf</a> for an undisclosed sum.<a href="#cite_note-:0-83">[83]</a> In August 2020, Twitch Prime was renamed Prime Gaming, aligning it closer with the Amazon Prime family of services.<a href="#cite_note-Peters-2020-84">[84]</a> In 2020, Twitch sold Union For Gamers to Magic Find.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> In May 2021, Twitch announced that it would introduce over 350 new tags to categorize streams, including finer tags for <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender identity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sexual_identity" title="Sexual identity">sexual identity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">disabilities</a>, as well as tags for other types of themes (such as <a href="/wiki/Vtubers" class="mw-redirect" title="Vtubers">virtual streamers</a>). The disability and LGBT-oriented tags were developed in consultation with the video game accessibility charities <a href="/wiki/AbleGamers" title="AbleGamers">AbleGamers</a> and <a href="/wiki/SpecialEffect" title="SpecialEffect">SpecialEffect</a>, and the LGBT organizations <a href="/wiki/GLAAD" title="GLAAD">GLAAD</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Trevor_Project" title="The Trevor Project">The Trevor Project</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> On October 6, 2021, an anonymous hacker reportedly leaked "the entirety" of Twitch, including its source code of the Twitch client and APIs, and details of the payouts made to almost 2.4 million streamers since August 2019.<a href="#cite_note-Warren-2021-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tidy-2021-88">[88]</a> The user posted a 128GB torrent link to <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a> and said that the leak, which includes source code from almost 6,000 internal <a href="/wiki/Git" title="Git">Git</a> <a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">repositories</a>, is also "part one" of a larger release.<a href="#cite_note-Warren-2021-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The leak also included details of plans for a digital storefront under the codename of "Vapor" meant to be a competitor to <a href="/wiki/Steam_(service)" title="Steam (service)">Steam</a> along with details on payment received by streamers for their work on Twitch.<a href="#cite_note-wapost_oct21_leak-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pesce-2021-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-Carpenter-2021-93">[93]</a> Twitch verified they had suffered a data leak which they attributed to a server misconfiguration used by a "malicious third party".<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> While Twitch found no indication of login credentials or credit card information to have been taken in the breach, the company reset all stream keys as a precaution.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> On August 23, 2022, Twitch announced that it would no longer enforce its exclusivity agreement, allowing Twitch streamers to livestream on other streaming platforms.<a href="#cite_note-Parrish-2022a-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sung-2022-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-Grayson-2022b-101">[101]</a> The announcement noted that simulcasting on Twitch and other "Twitch-like" streaming platforms was still prohibited; however, an exemption to the simulcasting restriction was applied to short-form streaming platforms such as <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> and <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Parrish-2022a-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sung-2022-99">[99]</a> Despite the specific mention of restrictions on simulcasting, former Twitch employees noted that Twitch would likely not enforce the restriction, as doing so would be very difficult, and they had not been enforcing it for several months prior to the announcement.<a href="#cite_note-Grayson-2022b-101">[101]</a> After the announcement, many high-profile streamers who were limited by exclusivity, such as Ninja and Pokimane, started streaming on other platforms.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> On September 21, 2022, Twitch announced it would be reducing the subscription revenue earned by large streamers.<a href="#cite_note-Metz-2022-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Though most streamers get a 50% of revenue from subscriptions, some larger streamers have premium subscription terms, which give them 70% of subscription revenue. The new change, set to take effect on June 1, 2023, would mean premium streamers would keep 70% of the first $100,000 earned from subscriptions, after which their cut would be lowered to 50%.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The announcement came after Twitch declined a popular request for all streamers to have 70% subscription revenue, which many noted is the same revenue already offered by YouTube.<a href="#cite_note-Nightingale-2022-107">[107]</a> Twitch President <a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Clancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel J. Clancy">Dan Clancy</a> justified the change in a statement issued on Twitch's blog, stating it was done to cover Twitch's operating costs, noting the premium 70% split stopped being offered to new streamers over a year prior, and pointing to alternate streamer revenue sources that would not be affected by the subscription revenue reductions, such as Prime Subs or advertisement breaks.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Though Clancy claimed 90% of streamers would not be affected by the revenue reduction, the change drew criticism from many streamers,<a href="#cite_note-:5-109">[109]</a> who viewed it as harmful to the security of streaming careers and more beneficial to Twitch and its advertisers than their users, with several streamers expressing doubt at Clancy's claims of Twitch's high operating costs, and noting that Twitch already has alternative revenue sources that make reducing streamer revenue unnecessary.<a href="#cite_note-Metz-2022-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nightingale-2022-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-Parrish-2022b-110">[110]</a> The announcement led to some streamers considering leaving Twitch or organizing boycotts.<a href="#cite_note-Metz-2022-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-Parrish-2022b-110">[110]</a> In December 2022, Amazon Senior Vice President Jeff Blackburn retired and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Boom" title="Steve Boom">Steve Boom</a> as Vice President of Audio, Twitch, and Games.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Twitch CEO Dan Clancy reports directly to Boom.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> In March 2023, Clancy became CEO of Twitch, after previous CEO and Justin.tv co-founder Emmett Shear announced he would step down after 16 years at the company.<a href="#cite_note-:1-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-115">[115]</a> Both Shear and Clancy have been described as "more product-focused than creator-focused".<a href="#cite_note-:4-116">[116]</a> On March 20, Clancy announced that Twitch would be laying off 400 employees, as part of Amazon-wide layoffs affecting 9,000 workers across the company.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> On June 6, 2023, Twitch announced restrictions on third-party sponsor placements in streams, including restricting the size of sponsor logos, and prohibiting "burned-in" audio, video, or <a href="/wiki/Display_advertising" class="mw-redirect" title="Display advertising">display</a> advertising. The changes were met with criticism from major streamers such as <a href="/wiki/Asmongold" title="Asmongold">Asmongold</a> (who threatened to leave the service), <a href="/wiki/Cr1TiKaL" title="Cr1TiKaL">Cr1TiKaL</a>, and <a href="/wiki/VShojo" title="VShojo">Zentreya</a> due to their broad wording, concerns that it would impact streamers' existing relationships with advertisers, and their impact on charity and esports events that rely extensively on sponsorship. The service quickly retracted the new branded content policy and announced that it would be clarified, stating that it was intended to "clarify our existing ads policy that was intended to prohibit third party ad networks from selling burned in video and display ads on Twitch, which is consistent with other services", and that Twitch "[does] not intend to limit streamers' ability to enter into direct relationships with sponsors."<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> In August 2023, Twitch began to trial a "Discovery Feed" feature in its mobile apps, populated by "featured" clips from followed users.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> In October 2023, Twitch began to implement <a href="/wiki/Story_(social_media)" title="Story (social media)">stories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> At TwitchCon 2023, Twitch announced upcoming updates to its Guest Star feature (concurrently renamed "Stream Together") to allow for merged chat rooms, and that streamers under an affiliation or partnership agreement with the service (unless contractually required) would be allowed to simulcast their streams on competing platforms such as YouTube, as opposed to only mobile-centric video platforms.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> On December 6, 2023, Twitch announced that it would exit the South Korea market effective February 27, 2024, citing the prohibitive costs of offering the service in the country.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Due to demands from internet service providers that Twitch pay network access fees, Twitch restricted streams to <a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p</a> quality in September 2022, and blocked access to video-on-demand (VOD) content (including archived broadcasts and clips) in February 2023.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Users in South Korea will no longer be allowed to monetize their streams, and will be offboarded from the affiliate and partnership programs.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> In February 2024, Twitch was additionally fined <a href="/wiki/South_Korean_won" title="South Korean won">₩</a>435 million ($327,067) by the Korea Telecommunications Commission, deeming Twitch's degradation of service in the country to be unjustified and undermining the interests of users.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> In January 2024, Twitch announced another <a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%932024_video_game_industry_layoffs" title="2023–2024 video game industry layoffs">mass layoff</a>, affecting 500 employees or 35% of total staff, after previous layoffs in early 2023.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> The announcement came amid ongoing struggles and ensuing layoffs across the <a href="/wiki/Tech_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Tech industry">tech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_media_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital media companies">digital media</a> sectors.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> In October 2024, Twitch's longtime head of music Cindy Charles died.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2></div> Twitch is designed to be a platform for content, including <a href="/wiki/Esports" title="Esports">esports</a> tournaments, personal streams of individual players, and gaming-related talk shows.<a href="#cite_note-iphone_release-135">[135]</a> A number of channels do live <a href="/wiki/Speedrunning" title="Speedrunning">speedrunning</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The Twitch homepage currently displays games based on viewership.<a href="#cite_note-MTV_interview-31">[31]</a> As of June 2018,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twitch_(service)&action=edit">[update]</a> some of the most popular games streamed on Twitch are <a href="/wiki/Fortnite" title="Fortnite">Fortnite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto_V" title="Grand Theft Auto V">Grand Theft Auto V</a>, <a href="/wiki/League_of_Legends" title="League of Legends">League of Legends</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dota_2" title="Dota 2">Dota 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/PlayerUnknown%27s_Battlegrounds" class="mw-redirect" title="PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds">PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hearthstone" title="Hearthstone">Hearthstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Overwatch_(video_game)" title="Overwatch (video game)">Overwatch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Counter-Strike:_Global_Offensive" title="Counter-Strike: Global Offensive">Counter-Strike: Global Offensive</a> with a combined total of over 356 million hours watched.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Twitch has also made expansions into non-gaming content; such as in July 2013, the site streamed a performance of 'Fester's Feast' from <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Comic-Con" title="San Diego Comic-Con">San Diego Comic-Con</a>, and on July 30, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">electronic dance music</a> act <a href="/wiki/Steve_Aoki" title="Steve Aoki">Steve Aoki</a> broadcast a live performance from a nightclub in <a href="/wiki/Ibiza" title="Ibiza">Ibiza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-polygon-vgltwitch-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-verge-aoki-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnet-aoki-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-polygon-aoki-140">[140]</a> In January 2015, Twitch introduced an official category for music streams, such as radio shows and music production activities, and in March 2015, announced that it would become the new official live-streaming partner of the <a href="/wiki/Ultra_Music_Festival" title="Ultra Music Festival">Ultra Music Festival</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic music festival">electronic music festival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pcw-twitchmusic-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-verge-ultratwitch-142">[142]</a> On October 28, 2015, Twitch launched a second non-gaming category, "Creative", which is intended for streams showcasing the creation of artistic and creative works. To promote the launch, the service also streamed an eight-day <a href="/wiki/Marathon_(television)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marathon (television)">marathon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bob_Ross" title="Bob Ross">Bob Ross</a>' <a href="/wiki/The_Joy_of_Painting" title="The Joy of Painting">The Joy of Painting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ars-creative-143">[143]</a> In July 2016, Twitch launched "Social eating" as a beta; it was inspired by the Korean phenomenon of <a href="/wiki/Mukbang" title="Mukbang">mukbang</a> and Korean players having engaged in the practice as intermissions on their gaming streams.<a href="#cite_note-polygon-eating-144">[144]</a> In March 2017, Twitch added an "IRL" category, which is designed for content within Twitch guidelines that does not fall within any of the other established categories on the site (such as <a href="/wiki/Lifelog" title="Lifelog">lifelogs</a>).<a href="#cite_note-IRL-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> <a href="/wiki/GeekWire" title="GeekWire">GeekWire</a> reported that "while gameplay still makes up the vast majority of the content broadcast via Twitch, the 'Just Chatting' category—a catch-all term that encompasses anything from candid conversation to reality programming—took the top spot by a comfortable margin overall in December [2019]. While the category has been on the rise for the last couple of months, this was the first time that it's actually achieved No. 1 overall for a tracked period on the platform".<a href="#cite_note-Wilde-2020-147">[147]</a> In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Thrillist" title="Thrillist">Thrillist</a> described Twitch as "talk radio for the <a href="/wiki/Extremely_online" title="Extremely online">extremely online</a>".<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Michael Espinosa, for <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a> in 2021, highlighted that "Twitch dominates the live content space, with 17 billion hours watched last year (per StreamElements), compared to YouTube Gaming Live's 10 billion (per the company). But the vast majority of gaming content is still consumed on-demand, where YouTube is the clear leader with over 100 billion hours watched last year".<a href="#cite_note-Espinosa-2021-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_teaching_tool">As a teaching tool</h3></div> Twitch is often used for video game tutorials; the nature of Twitch allows mass numbers of learners to interact with each other and the instructor in real time.<a href="#cite_note-examining-150">[150]</a> Twitch is also used for software development learning,<a href="#cite_note-examining-150">[150]</a> with communities of users streaming programming projects and talking through their work. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charity">Charity</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Summer_Games_Done_Quick_attendees_(48149404692).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Summer_Games_Done_Quick_attendees_%2848149404692%29.jpg/220px-Summer_Games_Done_Quick_attendees_%2848149404692%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Summer_Games_Done_Quick_attendees_%2848149404692%29.jpg/330px-Summer_Games_Done_Quick_attendees_%2848149404692%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Summer_Games_Done_Quick_attendees_%2848149404692%29.jpg/440px-Summer_Games_Done_Quick_attendees_%2848149404692%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Games_Done_Quick" title="Games Done Quick">Games Done Quick</a> is a bi-annual <a href="/wiki/Speedrunning" title="Speedrunning">speedrunning</a> event for charity hosted on Twitch.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></figcaption></figure> Broadcasters on Twitch often host streams promoting and raising money towards charity. By 2013, the website has hosted events which, in total, raised over US$8 million in donations for charitable causes, such as <a href="/wiki/Extra_Life_(fundraiser)" title="Extra Life (fundraiser)">Extra Life</a> 2013.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> As of 2017,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twitch_(service)&action=edit">[update]</a> Twitch has raised over US$75 million in donations for charitable causes.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> The biggest charity event of Twitch is <a href="/wiki/ZEvent" class="mw-redirect" title="ZEvent">ZEvent</a>, a French project created by <a href="/wiki/ZeratoR" class="mw-redirect" title="ZeratoR">Adrien Nougaret</a> and Alexandre Dachary, with more than US$10 million raised for <a href="/wiki/Action_Contre_la_Faim" class="mw-redirect" title="Action Contre la Faim">Action Contre la Faim</a> in October 2021. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Esports">Esports</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Twitch_Rivals" title="Twitch Rivals">Twitch Rivals</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1cun0472_Jpg_(127168403).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/1cun0472_Jpg_%28127168403%29.jpeg/220px-1cun0472_Jpg_%28127168403%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/1cun0472_Jpg_%28127168403%29.jpeg/330px-1cun0472_Jpg_%28127168403%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/1cun0472_Jpg_%28127168403%29.jpeg/440px-1cun0472_Jpg_%28127168403%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1366" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/League_of_Legends_World_Championship" title="League of Legends World Championship">League of Legends World Championship</a> has been broadcast on Twitch annually since 2012.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/ESL_(company)" title="ESL (company)">ESL</a> tournaments have aired on Justin.tv and later Twitch.tv since 2009.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> The platform has also been a longtime broadcaster of the <a href="/wiki/Evolution_Championship_Series" title="Evolution Championship Series">Evolution Championship Series</a>.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> Twitch has been the official broadcaster of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Legends_World_Championship" title="League of Legends World Championship">League of Legends World Championship</a> since 2012,<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> as well as other League of Legends tournaments organized by <a href="/wiki/Riot_Games" title="Riot Games">Riot Games</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dota_2" title="Dota 2">Dota 2</a>'s premier tournament <a href="/wiki/The_International_(Dota_2)" class="mw-redirect" title="The International (Dota 2)">The International</a> has been livestreamed on Twitch since 2013.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> The platform airs <a href="/wiki/Rocket_League" title="Rocket League">Rocket League</a> tournaments organized by <a href="/wiki/Psyonix" title="Psyonix">Psyonix</a> since 2016.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> The <a href="/wiki/ELeague" title="ELeague">ELeague</a> also broadcasts events on Twitch since 2016.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Twitch and <a href="/wiki/Blizzard_Entertainment" title="Blizzard Entertainment">Blizzard Entertainment</a> signed a two-year deal in June 2017 to make Twitch be the exclusive streaming broadcaster of select Blizzard esports championship events, with viewers under Twitch Prime earning special rewards in various Blizzard games.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Twitch also reached a deal in 2018 to be the streaming partner of the <a href="/wiki/Overwatch_League" title="Overwatch League">Overwatch League</a>, with the site also offering an "All-Access Pass" with exclusive content, emotes, and in-game items for <a href="/wiki/Overwatch_(video_game)" title="Overwatch (video game)">Overwatch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> Blizzard switched to rival platform YouTube in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fortnite_Battle_Royale" title="Fortnite Battle Royale">Fortnite Battle Royale</a> competitions have aired on Twitch since its launch in 2017, including the <a href="/wiki/E3_2018" title="E3 2018">E3 2018</a> Fortnite Pro-Am and the 2019 <a href="/wiki/Fortnite_World_Cup" title="Fortnite World Cup">Fortnite World Cup</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> The <a href="/wiki/NBA_2K_League" title="NBA 2K League">NBA 2K League</a> has been livestreamed on Twitch since its inception in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> As the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> suspended motorsports competitions around the world, several series launched <a href="/wiki/Sim_racing" title="Sim racing">sim racing</a> competitions with real-life professional drivers. Some series had official broadcasts on Twitch, such as <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Motor_Sports_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="International Motor Sports Association">IMSA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Many drivers also had their personal live streams on Twitch, as was the case of several <a href="/wiki/ENASCAR_iRacing_Pro_Invitational_Series" title="ENASCAR iRacing Pro Invitational Series">eNASCAR iRacing Pro Invitational Series</a> and <a href="/wiki/INDYCAR_iRacing_Challenge" class="mw-redirect" title="INDYCAR iRacing Challenge">INDYCAR iRacing Challenge</a> drivers.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professional_sports">Professional sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sports_on_Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Sports on Amazon Prime Video">Sports on Amazon Prime Video</a></div> In December 2017, the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> announced that it would stream <a href="/wiki/NBA_G_League" title="NBA G League">NBA G League</a> games on Twitch starting on December 15; the broadcasts also include interactive statistics overlays, as well as additional streams of the games with commentary by Twitch personalities.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> In April 2018, it was announced that Twitch would carry eleven <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> <a href="/wiki/Thursday_Night_Football" title="Thursday Night Football">Thursday Night Football</a> games from 2018 to 2021 in simulcast with <a href="/wiki/NFL_on_Fox" title="NFL on Fox">Fox</a>, as part of the league's renewed streaming deal with Amazon Prime Video. During the <a href="/wiki/2017_NFL_season" title="2017 NFL season">2017 season</a>, these streams had been exclusive to Amazon Prime subscribers.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> As part of the broadcasts, Twitch would also offer alternate broadcasts, including broadcasts hosted by Twitch personalities, and NFL Next Live—an interactive broadcast hosted by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Hawkins" title="Andrew Hawkins">Andrew Hawkins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cari_Champion" title="Cari Champion">Cari Champion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> With Thursday Night Football moving exclusively to Amazon Prime Video for the <a href="/wiki/2022_NFL_season" title="2022 NFL season">2022 NFL season</a>, Twitch will continue to carry simulcasts of all games, while the site will also carry alternate broadcasts (such as one featuring <a href="/wiki/Dude_Perfect" title="Dude Perfect">Dude Perfect</a>).<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> In January 2019, <a href="/wiki/Professional_wrestling" title="Professional wrestling">professional wrestling</a> promotion <a href="/wiki/Impact_Wrestling" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact Wrestling">Impact Wrestling</a> announced that it would stream its weekly show <a href="/wiki/Impact!_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact! (TV series)">Impact!</a> on Twitch, in simulcast with the television airing on the US cable network <a href="/wiki/Pursuit_Channel" title="Pursuit Channel">Pursuit Channel</a> (co-owned with the promotion's parent company <a href="/wiki/Anthem_Sports_%26_Entertainment" title="Anthem Sports & Entertainment">Anthem Sports & Entertainment</a>).<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> On September 5, 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Premier_Hockey_Federation" title="Premier Hockey Federation">Premier Hockey Federation</a> announced a three-year broadcast rights deal with Twitch, covering all games and league events. The deal also contained an agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Premier_Hockey_Federation_Players%27_Association" title="Premier Hockey Federation Players' Association">Premier Hockey Federation Players' Association</a> for revenue sharing with players, and marked the first time that the NWHL had ever received a rights fee.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Soccer_League" title="National Women's Soccer League">National Women's Soccer League</a> announced a three-year deal in March 2020 for Twitch to stream 24 matches per season in the United States and Canada, collaborate on original content, and serve as the rightsholder for all matches outside of the United States and Canada.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> On June 20, 2020, as an extension of Prime Video's local rights to the league, a plan to air all of the remaining matches of the <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Premier_League" title="2019–20 Premier League">2019–20 season</a> (for the resumption of play due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> and matches being played <a href="/wiki/Behind_closed_doors_(sport)" title="Behind closed doors (sport)">behind closed doors</a>), and a plan for some of these matches to be carried free-to-air, it was announced that Twitch would stream a package of four <a href="/wiki/Premier_League" title="Premier League">Premier League</a> soccer matches within the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> On July 16, 2020, US radio broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Entercom" class="mw-redirect" title="Entercom">Entercom</a> announced a partnership to stream video simulcasts of programs from some of their major-market <a href="/wiki/Sports_talk" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports talk">sports talk</a> stations on Twitch channels.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> On July 22, 2020, Twitch officially launched a Sports category, primarily playing host to content streamed by sports leagues and teams on the platform.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2021_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica" title="2021 Copa América">2021 Copa América</a> association football tournament aired in Spain on Twitch, under a partnership with <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Piqu%C3%A9" title="Gerard Piqué">Gerard Piqué</a>'s media company Kosmos and streamer <a href="/wiki/Ibai_Llanos" title="Ibai Llanos">Ibai Llanos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emotes">Emotes</h3></div> Twitch features a large number of <a href="/wiki/Emotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Emotes">emotes</a>. There are emotes free for all users, emotes for Turbo users, emotes for Twitch Prime users, and emotes for users who are subscribed to Twitch partners or affiliates.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> As of May 2024,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twitch_(service)&action=edit">[update]</a> the most used emote is "x0pashL" with 8.85 billion uses, and the most used global emote is "TriHard" with 4.39 billion uses.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Twitch partnered broadcasters unlock more "emote slots" as they gain more subscribers up to a maximum of 50 emotes per channel.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> On January 6, 2021, Twitch announced that they had removed the <a href="/wiki/PogChamp" title="PogChamp">PogChamp</a> emote, the third most-used emote on the platform in 2018,<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> typically used to express excitement, joy or shock.<a href="#cite_note-poggers-remove-verge-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> The decision was made in response to comments from the streamer Ryan "Gootecks" Gutierrez, the face of the emote, supporting civil unrest during the <a href="/wiki/2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 storming of the United States Capitol">2021 storming of the United States Capitol</a> for the death of a protestor.<a href="#cite_note-pcmag-pog-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-twitch-say-pog-no-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-poggers-remove-verge-192">[192]</a> Twitch said it would work with the community for a suitable replacement for the emoticon.<a href="#cite_note-poggers-remove-verge-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-poggers-polygonremove-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-ign-pogchamp-delete-199">[199]</a> Twitch later announced that there would be a new PogChamp emote every 24 hours.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-pog-24hours-ign-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-pog-24hours-rockpaperscissors-202">[202]</a> On February 12, Twitch viewers elected <a href="/wiki/KomodoHype" class="mw-redirect" title="KomodoHype">KomodoHype</a> as the new permanent PogChamp emote.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Creators_and_audience">Creators and audience</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Streamers">Streamers</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Parasocial_interaction#Twitch" title="Parasocial interaction">Parasocial interaction § Twitch</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Twitch_channels" title="List of most-followed Twitch channels">List of most-followed Twitch channels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-subscribed_Twitch_channels" title="List of most-subscribed Twitch channels">List of most-subscribed Twitch channels</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:171px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Ninja2019screenshot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tyler Blevins, aka Ninja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ninja2019screenshot.jpg/122px-Ninja2019screenshot.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ninja2019screenshot.jpg/183px-Ninja2019screenshot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ninja2019screenshot.jpg/244px-Ninja2019screenshot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="977" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:171px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:AuronPlay_(2013).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Raúl Álvarez, aka AuronPlay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/AuronPlay_%282013%29.jpg/135px-AuronPlay_%282013%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/AuronPlay_%282013%29.jpg/203px-AuronPlay_%282013%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/AuronPlay_%282013%29.jpg/270px-AuronPlay_%282013%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="513" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:125px;max-width:125px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:171px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Pokimane_2019.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Imane Anys, aka Pokimane" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pokimane_2019.png/123px-Pokimane_2019.png" decoding="async" width="123" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pokimane_2019.png/185px-Pokimane_2019.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Pokimane_2019.png/246px-Pokimane_2019.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="699" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:150px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Xqc_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Félix Lengyel, aka xQc" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Xqc_2021.jpg/135px-Xqc_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Xqc_2021.jpg/203px-Xqc_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Xqc_2021.jpg/270px-Xqc_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="431" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:109px;max-width:109px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:150px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Amouranth_in_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Kaitlyn Siragusa, aka Amouranth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Amouranth_in_2022.jpg/107px-Amouranth_in_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Amouranth_in_2022.jpg/161px-Amouranth_in_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Amouranth_in_2022.jpg/214px-Amouranth_in_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="778" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:150px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Ibai_Llanos_in_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ibai Llanos, aka Ibai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ibai_Llanos_in_2020.jpg/138px-Ibai_Llanos_in_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ibai_Llanos_in_2020.jpg/207px-Ibai_Llanos_in_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Ibai_Llanos_in_2020.jpg/276px-Ibai_Llanos_in_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="680" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">From top left to bottom right: Twitch streamers <a href="/wiki/Ninja_(gamer)" title="Ninja (gamer)">Ninja</a>, <a href="/wiki/AuronPlay" title="AuronPlay">AuronPlay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pokimane" title="Pokimane">Pokimane</a>, <a href="/wiki/XQc" title="XQc">xQc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amouranth" title="Amouranth">Amouranth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ibai_Llanos" title="Ibai Llanos">Ibai</a></div></div></div></div> Streamer <a href="/wiki/Ninja_(streamer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninja (streamer)">Ninja</a> had been among Twitch's top personalities, with over 14 million followers. In August 2019, however, Ninja announced that he would move exclusively to a Microsoft-owned competitor, <a href="/wiki/Mixer_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixer (website)">Mixer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> After Ninja left, the top three streamers in October 2019 based on follower count were <a href="/wiki/Tfue" title="Tfue">Tfue</a> (7.01 million followers), <a href="/wiki/Shroud_(gamer)" title="Shroud (gamer)">Shroud</a> (6.45 million followers) and <a href="/wiki/TSM_Myth" class="mw-redirect" title="TSM Myth">TSM Myth</a> (5.1 million followers).<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> Twitch began signing exclusivity deals with high-profile streamers in December 2019, starting with <a href="/wiki/DrLupo" title="DrLupo">DrLupo</a>, <a href="/wiki/TimTheTatman" title="TimTheTatman">TimTheTatman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lirik_(video_game_player)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lirik (video game player)">Lirik</a>, who had a combined 10.36 million followers at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Stephen-2019-77">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dr_DisRespect" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr DisRespect">Dr DisRespect</a> signed a multi-year deal in March 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Shanley-2020-78">[78]</a> In May 2020, Twitch signed popular streamers <a href="/wiki/Summit1g" title="Summit1g">Summit1g</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dakotaz" title="Dakotaz">dakotaz</a> and JoshOG to multi-year exclusive deals.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> On June 26, 2020, Dr DisRespect was banned from Twitch for unexplained reasons and his channel was removed from the site.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> Following the discontinuation of Mixer in late-July 2020, both Ninja and Shroud (who had also defected to the service) re-signed exclusively with Twitch.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> As of August 2022,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twitch_(service)&action=edit">[update]</a> there have been eight streamers to have reached over 100,000 concurrent subscribers. These streamers are Ninja, Shroud, Ranboo, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Ahgren" title="Ludwig Ahgren">Ludwig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casimiro_(streamer)" title="Casimiro (streamer)">Casimiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ironmouse" title="Ironmouse">Ironmouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaules" title="Gaules">Gaules</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ibai_Llanos" title="Ibai Llanos">Ibai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> In April 2021, Business Insider reported that "over the past 31 days, Ahgren has streamed non-stop in an attempt to break the record of 269,154 subscribers held by gaming personality Tyler 'Ninja' Blevins. By the end of the month-long stream, Ahgren had over 282,000 subscribers on his channel. [...] At one point during his sleep cycle, his channel had the most concurrent viewers of any on the platform".<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> In analysis of the October 2021 data leak, multiple <a href="/wiki/News_outlets" class="mw-redirect" title="News outlets">news outlets</a> reported that the three top-earning Twitch content creators are <a href="/wiki/Critical_Role" title="Critical Role">Critical Role</a> ($9,626,712), <a href="/wiki/XQc" title="XQc">xQc</a> ($8,454,427), and Summit1g ($5,847,541).<a href="#cite_note-Tidy-2021-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-wapost_oct21_leak-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pesce-2021-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-Carpenter-2021-93">[93]</a> Sisi Jiang, for <a href="/wiki/Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a>, reported that "excluding streams that are run by multiple people (such as Critical Role), there are no women in the top third of top-earning Twitch content creators"; in total, there are only three women in the top 100 and only one is a woman of color. Jiang highlighted that these streamers are "Valorant streamer <a href="/wiki/Pokimane" title="Pokimane">Pokimane</a> at 39th place, cosplayer <a href="/wiki/Amouranth" title="Amouranth">Amouranth</a> at 48th, and music streamer Sintica at 71st" and commented that "in spite of the complaints about the 'hot tub meta,' 'titty streamers,' and how some male streamers perceive that female streamers are stealing views from men, the numbers show that only a small percentage of women are among the ranks of Twitch's highest-earning content creators".<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> In August 2021, DrLupo left Twitch for an exclusivity deal with YouTube;<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> TimTheTatman followed in September 2021,<a href="#cite_note-Grayson-2021-218">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-Espinosa-2021-149">[149]</a> as did Ludwig Ahgren in November 2021.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> Nathan Grayson, for <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, commented that when streamers moved to Mixer in 2019, Twitch quickly locked down multiple streamers in exclusivity deals; however, streamers who moved to Mixer saw their audiences undergo "a marked downsizing. [...] It demonstrated that many viewers within Twitch's ecosystem, when deprived of their favorite big streamers, will just find other Twitch streamers to take their place. [...] Now Twitch is bargaining from a place of confidence. That allows it to reevaluate previous deals made when streamers had more leverage".<a href="#cite_note-Grayson-2021-218">[218]</a> Grayson reported that lower offers from Twitch coupled with Twitch's higher streaming hour requirement ("YouTube's contracts start at 100 hours of streaming time per month while Twitch's start at 200") has made YouTube's exclusivity deals "tantalizing" to some Twitch streamers. Grayson wrote that "<a href="/wiki/Ryan_Wyatt" title="Ryan Wyatt">Ryan Wyatt</a>, head of YouTube Gaming, said that allowing streamers to have a better work–life balance is a big priority for him"; DrLupo cited <a href="/wiki/Work%E2%80%93life_balance" title="Work–life balance">work–life balance</a> as part of his decision to leave Twitch.<a href="#cite_note-Grayson-2021-218">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Users">Users</h3></div> It was reported in the early 2010s that the typical Twitch viewer is male and aged between 18 and 34 years of age, although the site has also made attempts at pursuing other demographics, including women.<a href="#cite_note-MTV_interview-31">[31]</a> By 2015, Twitch had more than 100 million viewers per month.<a href="#cite_note-Needleman-2015-12">[12]</a> In 2017, Twitch remained the leading live-streaming video service for video games in the US.<a href="#cite_note-Perez-2017-221">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coldewey-2017-222">[222]</a> GeekWire reported that "while Twitch's overall share of the streaming market has been steadily diminishing over the course of the year, from 67.1 percent in December 2018 to 61 percent at the end of the 2019, the steady growth of the overall market means that the overall amount of content watched on the service has done nothing but increase".<a href="#cite_note-Wilde-2020-147">[147]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">journal</a> article World of Streaming. Motivation and Gratification on Twitch reported the results of a Twitch user survey in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-Gros-2017-223">[223]</a> In ranking user motivations on the use of Twitch, users were motivated (in descending order) to watch Twitch: "to be entertained", "to follow gaming events", and to "have an alternative for television". Motivations classified as "socialization" and "information" ranked lower than motivations classified as "entertainment".<a href="#cite_note-Gros-2017-223">[223]</a> As of February 2020,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twitch_(service)&action=edit">[update]</a> it had 3 million broadcasters monthly and 15 million daily active users, with 1.4 million average <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_user" title="Concurrent user">concurrent users</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DMR-2015-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Perez-2018-17">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Statista" title="Statista">Statista</a>, a company specializing in market and consumer data, reported that "as of May 2020, users in their teens and twenties accounted for more than three-quarters of Twitch's active app user accounts in the United States. According to recent data users aged 20 to 29 years, accounted for 40.6 percent of the video streaming app's user base on the <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> platform".<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> They also reported that the "distribution of Twitch users in the United States as of 2nd quarter 2021" was 75% male and 25% female.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> Twitch allows anyone to watch a live broadcast and does not require viewers to log in.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> Users also have the option to follow and subscribe (also known as subbing) to streamers. Following is a free option, similar to other platforms such as Instagram and Twitter, where the user will see their followed streamers on the front page of Twitch when signed in and can receive notifications of specific broadcasts.<a href="#cite_note-Stephenson-2020-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morris-2019-228">[228]</a> Subscribing is a way for users to financially support streamers in exchange for exclusive benefits determined by the individual streamer.<a href="#cite_note-Stephenson-2020-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morris-2019-228">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> Users who link their Twitch account to their Amazon Prime account gain access to <a href="/wiki/Prime_Gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Gaming">Prime Gaming</a> which includes one complimentary Twitch subscription per month that the user can assign to the streamer of their choice.<a href="#cite_note-Statt-2018-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Peters-2020-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> The aforementioned 2017 academic survey stated that 31.5% of users "spent money on Twitch"; of those users, 22.6% "donated to a streamer", 31.6% subscribed to a streamer and 45.8% "did both". The majority of these users stated the "main motivation is to support a streamer financially".<a href="#cite_note-Gros-2017-223">[223]</a> Twitch's Terms of Service does not allow people under 13 years of age to use its services. Additionally, people who are at least 13 years old but below the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_majority" title="Age of majority">age of majority</a> in their jurisdiction (18 in most jurisdictions), may only use the services under the supervision or permission of a parent or other legal guardian who agrees to abide to the Terms of Service.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partner_and_affiliate_programs">Partner and affiliate programs</h3></div> In July 2011, Twitch launched its Partner Program,<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> which reached over 11,000 members by August 2015.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> Similar to the Partner Program of other video sites like <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, the Partner Program allows popular content producers to share in the advertisement revenue generated from their streams. Additionally, Twitch users can subscribe to partnered streamers' channels for US$4.99 a month, often granting the user access to unique <a href="/wiki/Emoticons" class="mw-redirect" title="Emoticons">emoticons</a>, live chat privileges, and other various perks. Twitch retains US$2.49 of every US$4.99 channel subscription, with the remaining US$2.50 going directly to the partnered streamer.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> Although exceptions were made, Twitch previously required that prospective partners have an "average concurrent viewership of 500+", as well as a consistent streaming schedule of at least three days a week.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> However, since the launch of the 'Achievements' feature, there is a clearer "Path to Partnership" with trackable goals for concurrent viewership, duration and frequency of streams.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> In April 2017, Twitch launched its "Affiliate Program" that allows smaller channels to generate revenue as well, also announcing that it would allow channels access to multi-priced subscription tiers.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-verge-newtiers-239">[239]</a> The participants of this program get some but not all of the benefits of the Twitch Partners. Streamers can make profit from cheering with Bits which are purchasable from Twitch directly.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> Affiliates are also able to access the Twitch Subscriptions feature, with all the same functionality that Partners have access to, with a maximum of five subscriber emotes.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In September 2019, the service announced that Affiliates would now receive a share of ad revenue.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> Additionally, in June 2023, Twitch introduced the Partner Plus Program. This program was designed to recognize Twitch partners who consistently bring a large audience and engagement to the platform. Streamers in this program receive a 70/30 revenue share on subscription revenue. To qualify for the program, creators had to maintain a sub count of at least 350 subscribers for three consecutive months.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> Once that is complete, qualifying members will be enrolled for the next 12 months. The program was officially launched on October 1, 2023.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> This enabled partners to earn more as they continue to grow their community. However, a number of streamers were not happy with the program. Streamers argued that it excluded certain creators because of the criteria and that creators would burn themselves out by trying to achieve 350 monthly subscribers.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> In January 2024, Twitch made some changes to the program. The platform announced that it would be introducing a new tier to its revenue share program that would grant a 60/40 revenue split and has lower requirements.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> In addition, the program would also become open to affiliates, expanding access to smaller creators. The program is now known as the "Plus Program." When the program was first launched the year prior, Twitch would only pay out the 70/30 revenue split until streamers made $100,000. Along with expanding the Partner Plus Program and adding a new revenue level, Twitch also announced that it would be eliminating the $100,000 cap for the 70/30 revenue share for all streamers.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> This was part of Twitch's strategy to provide more earning opportunities for streamers. The program uses a points system to determine which revenue split a streamer qualifies for. Each monthly subscription counts towards the points total. However, some subscriptions have higher point values. One tier 1 subscription is one point, one tier 2 subscription is two points, and one tier 3 subscription equals six points.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> To qualify for the 60/40 revenue split, streamers must maintain 100 Plus Points for three consecutive months. For the 70/30 revenue split, streamers must maintain 300 Plus Points. Advertising on the site has been handled by a number of partners. In 2011, Twitch had an exclusive deal with <a href="/wiki/Future_US" title="Future US">Future US</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] On April 17, 2012, Twitch announced a deal to give <a href="/wiki/CBS_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Interactive">CBS Interactive</a> the rights to exclusively sell advertising, promotions and sponsorships for the community.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> On June 5, 2013, Twitch announced the formation of the Twitch Media Group, a new in-house advertisement sales team which has taken over CBS Interactive's role of selling advertisements.<a href="#cite_note-techcrunch1-23">[23]</a> For users who do not have ad-free access to a channel or Twitch Turbo, pre-roll advertising, and mid-roll commercial breaks that are manually triggered by the streamer, are displayed on streams. In September 2020, Twitch announced that it would test automated mid-roll advertising on streams, which cannot be controlled by the streamer.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content_moderation_and_restrictions">Content moderation and restrictions</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copyrighted_content">Copyrighted content</h3></div> On August 6, 2014, Twitch announced that all on-demand videos on Twitch became subject to <a href="/wiki/Acoustic_fingerprint" title="Acoustic fingerprint">acoustic fingerprinting</a> using software provided by content protection company <a href="/wiki/Audible_Magic" title="Audible Magic">Audible Magic</a>; if copyrighted music (particularly, songs played by users from outside of the game they are playing) is detected, the 30-minute portion of the video which contains the music will be muted. Live broadcasts were not subject to these filters.<a href="#cite_note-gamespot-audioblock-250">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-recode-mute-251">[251]</a> A system was available for those who believed they were inappropriately affected and had rights to the music they used to challenge the filtering.<a href="#cite_note-engadget-changesaug-252">[252]</a> Twitch offered a selection of <a href="/wiki/Production_music#Royalty-free_libraries" title="Production music">royalty-free music</a> for streamers to use, which was expanded upon later in January 2015.<a href="#cite_note-pcw-twitchmusic-141">[141]</a> The audio filtering system, along with the lack of communication surrounding the changes in general, proved to be controversial among users. In a <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a> AMA, co-founder Emmett Shear admitted that his staff had "screwed up" and should have provided advance warning of the changes, and promised that Twitch had "absolutely no intention" of implementing audio filtering on live broadcasts.<a href="#cite_note-recode-screwedup-253">[253]</a> In June 2020, Twitch received a large wave of <a href="/wiki/DMCA" class="mw-redirect" title="DMCA">DMCA</a> takedown notices aimed at year-old VODs and "clips" (short segments of streams that can be captured by users) that contain copyrighted music from 2017 to 2019. Twitch complied with the takedowns and also issued a number of copyright strikes against viewers. Concerned streamers were notified that they should remove all VODs and clips if not certain they did not contain copyrighted material. This provoked major backlash, both at the loss of prior content but also based on viability concerns due to an inability to review or even rapidly delete content. There were also complaints based that strikes were being issued on viewer-created clips, even where the streamer-created content was deleted.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> On September 15, 2020, Twitch signed a licensing agreement with the French performance society <a href="/wiki/SACEM" title="SACEM">SACEM</a>, allowing composers and publishers to collect royalties whenever their music is streamed in France. Twitch already had licensing deals with the American societies <a href="/wiki/ASCAP" class="mw-redirect" title="ASCAP">ASCAP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_Music,_Inc." title="Broadcast Music, Inc.">BMI</a>, <a href="/wiki/SESAC" title="SESAC">SESAC</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Global_Music_Rights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Global Music Rights (page does not exist)">Global Music Rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> To address these issues and also build upon the growth of music-based content on Twitch, Twitch introduced an extension known as "Soundtrack" in September 2020, which plays rights-cleared music with curated genre-based playlists. It is contained within a separate audio track that is not recorded with VODs,<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a> and had agreements with 24 music distributors and independent record labels at launch.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> A group of US <a href="/wiki/Performance_rights_organisation" title="Performance rights organisation">performance rights</a> and music associations accused Twitch of designing Soundtrack in such a way as to avoid payment of <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_license" title="Mechanical license">mechanical</a> and <a href="/wiki/Synchronization_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Synchronization license">synchronization licenses</a>—claims which Twitch has defended.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> In September 2021, Twitch and the <a href="/wiki/National_Music_Publishers%27_Association" title="National Music Publishers' Association">National Music Publishers' Association</a> signed a creative partnership.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> In September 2024, Twitch introduced a new program for <a href="/wiki/Disk_jockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk jockey">DJs</a> on the platform, allowing them access to a new stream category for <a href="/wiki/DJ_mix" title="DJ mix">DJ mixes</a> where music from participating labels may be streamed without the risk of a DMCA takedown, with a share of revenue being used to pay royalties (for affiliates and partners, this is deducted from the channel's existing split). This program has limitations: features such as VODs and clips are disabled on any channel enrolled in the DJ program, even if streaming non-DJ content (with Twitch officially recommending the use of a separate account for non-DJ streams), and DJs are restricted to playing music from certain labels and publishers that have reached agreements with the service (potentially restricting the ability to play unofficial remixes).<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mature_content">Mature content</h3></div> Twitch users are not allowed to stream any game that is rated "Adults Only" (AO) in the United States by the <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Software_Rating_Board" title="Entertainment Software Rating Board">Entertainment Software Rating Board</a> (ESRB), regardless of its rating in any other geographical region, and any game that contains "overtly sexual content" or "gratuitous violence", or content which violates the terms of use of third-party services.<a href="#cite_note-polygon-skinsban-267">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-polygon-twitchao-268">[268]</a> Twitch has also explicitly banned specific games from streaming, regardless of rating; this includes games such as <a href="/wiki/BMX_XXX" title="BMX XXX">BMX XXX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eroge" title="Eroge">eroge</a> <a href="/wiki/Visual_novel" title="Visual novel">visual novel</a> games (such as <a href="/wiki/Dramatical_Murder" title="Dramatical Murder">Dramatical Murder</a>), <a href="/wiki/HuniePop" title="HuniePop">HuniePop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rinse_and_Repeat" title="Rinse and Repeat">Rinse and Repeat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Life" title="Second Life">Second Life</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yandere_Simulator" title="Yandere Simulator">Yandere Simulator</a>.<a href="#cite_note-polygon-twitchao-268">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-polygon-yanderebanned-270">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-polygon-showerban-271">[271]</a> The banning of Yandere Simulator was criticized by <a href="/wiki/YandereDev" class="mw-redirect" title="YandereDev">YandereDev</a>, the developer of the game. He believed that the game was being arbitrarily singled out with no explanation, as Twitch has not banned other games with similarly excessive sexual or violent content such as <a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_X" title="Mortal Kombat X">Mortal Kombat X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto" title="Grand Theft Auto">Grand Theft Auto</a>, or <a href="/wiki/The_Witcher_3" class="mw-redirect" title="The Witcher 3">The Witcher 3</a>.<a href="#cite_note-polygon-yanderebanned-270">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-kotaku-yandereban-272">[272]</a> Twitch took temporary action in May 2019 after channels related to the video game <a href="/wiki/Artifact_(video_game)" title="Artifact (video game)">Artifact</a> began to be used for inappropriate content. Artifact, a major game by <a href="/wiki/Valve_Corporation" title="Valve Corporation">Valve</a>, had lost most of its audience in just months from its release, and by late May 2019, several popular <a href="/wiki/Livestream" class="mw-redirect" title="Livestream">livestreamers</a> commented that the total viewership for Artifact streams had dropped to near zero. In the days that followed, several streamers started to make streams purporting to be Artifact gameplay but was <a href="/wiki/Trolling" class="mw-redirect" title="Trolling">trolling</a> or other off-topic content. Initially these new streams were playing with the viewers or were jokes, such as showing animal videos or <a href="/wiki/League_of_Legends" title="League of Legends">League of Legends</a> matches. After a few days, other Artifact channel streams appeared containing content that was against the terms of Twitch's use policy, including full copyrighted movies, pornography, Nazi propaganda, and at least one stream that showed the entirety of the shooter's video from the <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</a>. The titles of such streams were usually presented to imply they were showing other content while waiting in queue for Artifact matches as to appear legitimate. As word of these streams in the Artifact section grew, Twitch took action, deleting the account that streamed the Christchurch shooting.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> Twitch then took steps to temporarily ban new accounts from streaming until they can resolve the issue.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> By June 2019, Twitch started taking legal actions against one hundred "John Doe" streamers in a California court, accusing them of trademark infringement, breach of contract, fraud, and unlawful use of the service that was harming and scaring away users of the service.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> In early 2021, some streams began to use their Twitch channel to broadcast themselves from <a href="/wiki/Hot_tub" title="Hot tub">hot tubs</a> while wearing swimsuits. Twitch considered these streams to be "not advertiser friendly", banning some of the more predominant channels that had taken this route. In May 2021, Twitch clarified in a "Pools, Hot Tubs, and Beaches" post that it was not trying to discriminate against women or others through this action, but through content that they deemed to be "sexually suggestive".<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> In June that year, Twitch also took similar action against users that performed <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a> while at the same time made <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_sensory_meridian_response" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous sensory meridian response">autonomous sensory meridian response</a> (ASMR) sounds via their microphones, which Twitch also stated was approaching sexual content.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> In December 2023, shortly after instating a new policy that allowed specific instances of adult content, Twitch reversed its decision to allow depictions of "fictionalized nudity" following backlash from users and streamers. Twitch CEO Dan Clancy acknowledged that the new policy was a step too far, and that distinguishing between digital art and photography was challenging. As a result, Twitch will no longer permit depictions of real or fictional nudity, regardless of the medium. The company also removed content that violated the updated policy and issued channel enforcements. While some changes to Twitch's Sexual Content Policy remain in effect, such as allowing content that highlights certain body parts and specific dances without a label, games featuring nudity or sexual violence as a core focus are still prohibited.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hate_speech_and_harassment">Hate speech and harassment</h3></div> In February 2018, Twitch updated its acceptable content policies to direct that any content that it deemed hateful be suspended from its platform.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> In June 2020, a number of women stepped forward with accusations towards several streamers on Twitch and other services related to sexual misconduct and harassment claims.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> Twitch stated it would review all reported incidents and comply with law enforcement in any investigative efforts. However, several popular streamers on Twitch's service believed that the platform could do more to evaluate the accused individuals, prevent incidents, and protect others in the future, and used June 24, 2020, as a Twitch blackout day, not streaming any content through Twitch to show their support.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> By the evening of June 24, 2020, Twitch had placed several bans on the accounts of those accused after completing their investigation, and stated in a blog post they would be forwarding additional details to law enforcement.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> Twitch temporarily suspended an account belonging to then <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">US President</a> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s campaign on June 29, 2020. Twitch stated that "hateful conduct is not allowed" as the reason for the suspension.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> Twitch announced a new policy towards harassment and hateful content in December 2020 that would take effect on January 22, 2021, aimed to better protect marginalized users of the service. While the new policy is more strict, Twitch said that this also includes a larger sliding scale of remedies or punishments to better deal with edge cases, such as temporarily blocking one's channel for a short time rather than a full ban. The new rules include a ban on imagery containing the <a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America" title="Flags of the Confederate States of America">Confederate Flag</a>, and 'racist emotes', though the list of such emotes has not been clarified yet.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> The new policy included banning words that were considered sexual insults, such as "<a href="/wiki/Incel" title="Incel">incel</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Virgin" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin">virgin</a>" when used for harassment. The banned words included "<a href="/wiki/Simp" title="Simp">simp</a>", which raised criticism by streamers and long-time viewers. While its slang origins have defined "simp" derogatorily as "a man who invests a lot of time and energy into women who don't want him", the term had become common on Twitch as an insult related to men being nice to women on the service or simply to refer to a person with loyalty to another. Twitch, in response, clarified that penalties for using these terms would only be enforced if they were being used in harassment of other users.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a> On December 4, 2020, Twitch removed the "blind playthrough" tag due to concerns of <a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">ableism</a> that it may be offensive to those who are <a href="/wiki/Visually_impaired" class="mw-redirect" title="Visually impaired">visually impaired</a>. Suggestions for non-offensive and more neutral labels include "first playthrough", "undiscovered," and "no spoilers."<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> A popular feature of Twitch is the ability to "raid" another channel, where multiple users, coordinated from a different Twitch channel or another social media service, all join a target channel to provide support and encouragement. This is typically used to help boost the popularity of the target channel, particularly if the raid is organized by a popular streamer. Twitch had officially supported this type of activity since 2017 with the ability for a streamer to send all of their viewers to another channel as a raid.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> However, around mid-2021, new types of "hate raids" began to occur with increasing frequency on Twitch. In these cases, numerous users would flood a channel and its chat with messages of harassment and hate towards the streamer as a form of cyberbullying. Most of these users are typically from automated bots, which made it difficult for channel moderators to deal with the amount of messages.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> Despite warning Twitch about these hate raids, Twitch had shown little action towards stopping them, leading numerous streams to organize a "#ADayOffTwitch" on September 1, 2021, as a form of protest in anticipation that Twitch will find ways to take action against them.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> After acknowledging a problem with dealing with hate raids, Twitch launched a lawsuit in early September 2021 against two individuals they had determined to be responsible for managing several hate raids after permanently banning their accounts.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> At the end of September 2021, Twitch introduced tools for streamers to be able to limit who may participate in their chat as to prevent hate raids. These tools allow streamers to limit chat to those that have verified their phone number or email with Twitch, as well as to those that have followed their channel for a minimum amount of time.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> In May 2022, following the <a href="/wiki/2022_Buffalo_shooting" title="2022 Buffalo shooting">mass shooting in Buffalo</a>, the New York state attorney general's office announced an investigation into multiple online platforms, including Twitch, to determine their part in platforming or promoting hateful content. The investigation will also focus on the platforms' moderation efforts. A spokesperson for Twitch stated that the service would comply with the investigation.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> In November 2024, Twitch banned "Zionist" as a slur. Twitch specified that the rule was conditional. "You’re allowed to discuss the political movement of that name, but not “attack or demean another individual or group of people on the basis of their background or religious belief.” Twitch said. <a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extremism">Extremism</h3></div> In April 2021, it was reported that Twitch was providing a financial lifeline to extremists such as <a href="/wiki/QAnon" title="QAnon">QAnon</a> adherents and far-right influencers.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> Another report in August and September 2021, by the Institute of Strategic Dialogue also identified Twitch as a platform where far right extremists run rampant. Clips from far-right extremists, such as 'Omegle Redpilling' become quite popular before they are removed from the platform and in some cases, are not removed at all according to <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Strategic_Dialogue" title="Institute for Strategic Dialogue">ISD</a>.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/7_October_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" title="7 October Hamas-led attack on Israel">Hamas-led attack on Israel</a> on October 7, 2023, Twitch restricted creation of new accounts with confirmation from Israel and Palestine. According to a public statement made by Twitch, this was done to prevent streaming "graphic material related to the attack and to protect the safety of users", then had inadvertently forgot to remove this ban in the following months. After some complaints that it was engaging in antisemitism, Twitch reverted the block in October 2024, apologizing for their oversight in removing the block and stating it was a "unacceptable miss".<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gambling">Gambling</h3></div> On September 20, 2022, Twitch announced that beginning October 18, it would prohibit the streaming of slots, roulette and dice games on <a href="/wiki/Online_gambling" title="Online gambling">gambling websites</a> not licensed in the US or "other jurisdictions that provide sufficient consumer protection". The policy change does not affect <a href="/wiki/Sports_betting" title="Sports betting">sports betting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_sport" title="Fantasy sport">fantasy sports</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poker" title="Poker">poker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gerken-2022-304">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-Grayson-2022a-305">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-twitch-community-guidelines-306">[306]</a> Gambling has been extremely popular on Twitch for years, being one of the most popular types of content on the platform, with many streamers being sponsored by online gambling services; however, it has also been controversial, with prominent streamers such as <a href="/wiki/Mizkif" title="Mizkif">Mizkif</a> and Pokimane speaking out against the negative effects of gambling streams.<a href="#cite_note-Gerken-2022-304">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-Grayson-2022a-305">[305]</a> The announcement came shortly after a popular streamer admitted he spent $200,000 in donations on CS:GO <a href="/wiki/Skin_gambling" title="Skin gambling">skin gambling</a>.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internet_censorship">Internet censorship</h2></div> As of September 20, 2018,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Twitch_(service)&action=edit">[update]</a> the Twitch website is blocked and the app is blocked from the <a href="/wiki/App_Store_(Apple)" title="App Store (Apple)">Apple App Store</a> in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, Twitch was reportedly blocked by <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Industries" title="Reliance Industries">Reliance</a>-owned telecommunication company <a href="/wiki/Jio" title="Jio">Jio</a> as well as internet service providers <a href="/wiki/JioFiber" class="mw-redirect" title="JioFiber">JioFiber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hathway" title="Hathway">Hathway</a> in September 2020 as some users were illegally streaming <a href="/wiki/Indian_Premier_League" title="Indian Premier League">Indian Premier League</a> <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> matches on the platform.<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia's</a> government reportedly blocked Twitch in June 2021 after a streamer in the country with around 35,000 followers was found streaming poker, which was in violation of local gambling laws.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> On July 4, 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> government blocked access to Twitch for Iranian Internet users.<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> On February 23, 2024, Twitch was blocked in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> per a complaint by the country's lotteries commission.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> Service was restored in the country six days later on February 29. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Platform_support">Platform support</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Twitch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Twitch.jpg/220px-Twitch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Twitch.jpg/330px-Twitch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Twitch.jpg/440px-Twitch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Twitch mobile app icon featuring the platform's signature purple color.</figcaption></figure> Twitch CEO Emmett Shear has stated a desire to support a wide variety of platforms, stating that they wanted to be on "every platform where people watch video".<a href="#cite_note-MTV_interview-31">[31]</a> Users can watch Twitch streams via Twitch's website in a web browser and via dedicated streaming apps for mobile devices, digital media players and video game consoles. This includes: <ul><li>Twitch's mobile apps for Android, <a href="/wiki/Fire_OS" title="Fire OS">Fire OS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a></li> <li>Twitch's web-based TV and game console apps for <a href="/wiki/Fire_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire TV">Fire TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/WebOS" title="WebOS">webOS</a> (LG TVs), <a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a> TVs (2020 and newer),<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> <a href="/wiki/Android_TV" title="Android TV">Android TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_TV" title="Apple TV">Apple TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a>,<a href="#cite_note-gi-ps4twitch-317">[317]</a> <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_5" title="PlayStation 5">PlayStation 5</a>,<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> <a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a>,<a href="#cite_note-verge-xboxonerecape3-319">[319]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xbox_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Xbox Series">Xbox Series X/S</a> <ul><li>The Twitch web-apps for Xbox and PlayStation consoles received an update that replaced the app with the "viewer-only" web-app for TVs, removing several features, including chatting.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a></li></ul></li> <li>The Twitch Desktop App for <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> is no longer supported.<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a></li> <li>Twitch's web-based TV and game console apps for PlayStation 3, Xbox 360,<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> Nintendo Switch,<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> and pre-2021 (Tizen-based) Samsung TVs are no longer supported</li></ul> Users can broadcast to Twitch from the following platforms: <ul><li>Twitch's mobile apps for Android, Fire OS, and iOS</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source</a> <a href="/wiki/OBS_Studio" title="OBS Studio">OBS Studio</a> app for Windows, macOS and <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></li> <li>Twitch Studio app for Windows and macOS</li> <li>Native integration on PlayStation 4,<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X/S, <a href="/wiki/NVIDIA" class="mw-redirect" title="NVIDIA">NVIDIA</a> <a href="/wiki/Nvidia_Shield_TV" title="Nvidia Shield TV">Shield TV</a> Pro,<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> and NVIDIA Shield tablets<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> <ul><li>Prior versions of Twitch's app for Xbox One and Series X/S had broadcasting functionality before being replaced by "viewer-only" wrapped web-apps for a single codebase across TVs on November 16, 2022. Twitch said they worked with Microsoft so those consoles could still broadcast to Twitch, though not through the Twitch app, but with native integration.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Twitch released a software development kit for third-party developers integrate Twitch broadcasting into their software.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a></li> <li>In-app integration in third-party apps for desktop like OBS, <a href="/wiki/Streamlabs" title="Streamlabs">Streamlabs Desktop</a>, Lightstream Studio, Melon, Split Broadcaster, Gamecaster, and NVIDIA <a href="/wiki/GeForce_Experience" class="mw-redirect" title="GeForce Experience">GeForce Experience</a>.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> Broadcasters can also use third party apps for mobile like Omlet Arcade and the Streamlabs App</li> <li>In-game integration such as <a href="/wiki/Eve_Online" title="Eve Online">Eve Online</a>,<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> <a href="/wiki/PlanetSide_2" title="PlanetSide 2">PlanetSide 2</a>, some <a href="/wiki/Call_of_Duty" title="Call of Duty">Call of Duty</a> games,<a href="#cite_note-Ewalt-2013-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Minecraft" title="Minecraft">Minecraft</a><a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_Thunder" title="War Thunder">War Thunder</a><a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a></li> <li>In-app integrations in <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">EA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Origin_(service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Origin (service)">Origin</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ubisoft" title="Ubisoft">Ubisoft</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Uplay" class="mw-redirect" title="Uplay">Uplay</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> are no longer supported.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twitch_Desktop_App_and_CurseForge">Twitch Desktop App and CurseForge</h3></div> After acquiring <a href="/wiki/Curse_LLC" title="Curse LLC">Curse LLC</a>, Twitch Interactive rebranded the Curse app as the Twitch Desktop App in March 2017. It kept features for <a href="/wiki/Video_game_modding" title="Video game modding">mod</a> installation and management for supported games via <a href="/wiki/CurseForge" class="mw-redirect" title="CurseForge">CurseForge</a>; kept Curse Voice features such as screen sharing, text chat, voice chat, video chat and community server creation; added a dedicated browser for the Twitch website; added Twitch's friends system; and added activity sharing. This update also redesigned the application.<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a><a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> The software also served as the client for the former Twitch Game Store.<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> The Curse mobile app was subsequently rebranded as Twitch Messenger[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] which was later shut down.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Twitch removed the app's servers, group messaging, voice chat and video chat functionality in February 2019.<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> On June 22, 2020, Twitch Interactive sold CurseForge to <a href="/wiki/Overwolf" title="Overwolf">Overwolf</a> for an undisclosed sum.<a href="#cite_note-:0-83">[83]</a> On December 2, 2020, mod management functionality was removed from the Twitch Desktop App.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The mod management functionality previously found in the Twitch app can since be found in Overwolf's CurseForge app.<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a> On March 30, 2022, Twitch announced that it would officially end support for the Twitch Desktop App on April 30, 2022, opting users of the desktop app to use a web browser to interact with Twitch on desktop platforms.<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a><a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creator_Dashboard">Creator Dashboard</h3></div> The Creator Dashboard on Twitch is a tool that helps streamers manage and optimize their channels. In 2019, the platform announced a new set of features to make streaming more accessible and interactive. This new Creator Dashboard introduced features such as Stream Manager, Quick Actions, Creator Updates, and Assistant.<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> These features were introduced so that creators could set subscriber goals, analyze engagement trends, and simplify streaming tasks. The Stream Manager allows streamers to view various aspects of their livestream such as their live chat, recent followers and subscribers, and a playback of the stream to see what the viewers are seeing.<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a> The Quick Actions panel on the Creator Dashboard allows streamers to perform actions such as running ads, enabling followers-only or emote-only chat, and creating clips. The Creator Updates section is a dedicated space for streamers to learn about important product updates and feature changes. The Assistant section provides creators with resources to help them grow their channel and become an affiliate or partner.<a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="TwitchCon">TwitchCon</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/TwitchCon" title="TwitchCon">TwitchCon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TwitchCon_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/TwitchCon_2016.jpg/220px-TwitchCon_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/TwitchCon_2016.jpg/330px-TwitchCon_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/TwitchCon_2016.jpg/440px-TwitchCon_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>TwitchCon 2016</figcaption></figure> TwitchCon is a biannual <a href="/wiki/Fan_convention" title="Fan convention">fan convention</a> devoted to Twitch and the culture of video game streaming.<a href="#cite_note-polycon-twitchcon15-353">[353]</a> The inaugural event was held at the <a href="/wiki/Moscone_Center" title="Moscone Center">Moscone Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> from September 25 to 26, 2015. Since its inception TwitchCon has been an annual event. The second TwitchCon was held in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a> at the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Convention_Center" title="San Diego Convention Center">San Diego Convention Center</a> from September 30 to October 2, 2016.<a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a> The third annual TwitchCon was held in <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Beach">Long Beach</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_Convention_and_Entertainment_Center" title="Long Beach Convention and Entertainment Center">Long Beach Convention and Entertainment Center</a> from October 20 to 22, 2017.<a href="#cite_note-355">[355]</a> The fourth annual TwitchCon was held at the <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Convention_Center" title="San Jose Convention Center">San Jose McEnery Convention Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a>, from October 26 to 28, 2018.<a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a> In 2019, Twitchcon expanded overseas and hosted their first ever European event in Berlin in April 2019,<a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a> alongside a North American event later in November 2019 in San Diego.<a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a> TwitchCon had planned to host an event in Amsterdam in May 2020, but this was cancelled due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a> Another TwitchCon event was planned in San Diego in September 2020,<a href="#cite_note-360">[360]</a> but was also cancelled due to COVID-19.<a href="#cite_note-361">[361]</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_networking_services" title="List of social networking services">List of social networking services</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 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Retrieved August 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Amazon+rebrands+Twitch+Prime+as+Prime+Gaming&rft.date=2020-08-10&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2020%2F8%2F10%2F21358463%2Famazon-twitch-prime-gaming-rebrand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.cision.com/m-o-b-a-network-ab/r/m-o-b-a--network-enters-into-an-agreement-to-acquire-the-company-magic-find---a-leading-player-withi,c3349956">"M.O.B.A. Network enters into an agreement to acquire the company Magic Find - a leading player within gaming streaming on YouTube and owner of a number of well-known gaming communities"</a>. 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Retrieved May 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+Powered+by+Cision&rft.atitle=M.O.B.A.+Network+enters+into+an+agreement+to+acquire+the+company+Magic+Find+-+a+leading+player+within+gaming+streaming+on+YouTube+and+owner+of+a+number+of+well-known+gaming+communities&rft.date=2021-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.cision.com%2Fm-o-b-a-network-ab%2Fr%2Fm-o-b-a--network-enters-into-an-agreement-to-acquire-the-company-magic-find---a-leading-player-withi%2Cc3349956&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2021" class="citation web cs1">Marshall, Cass (May 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/22456783/twitch-new-streamer-tags-vtuber-transgender-queer-trans-community">"Twitch introduces more than 350 new streamer tags, including Vtuber, transgender, queer"</a>. 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Retrieved October 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Twitch+hack&rft.date=2021-10-06&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2021%2F10%2F6%2F22712250%2Ftwitch-hack-leak-data-streamer-revenue-steam-competitor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tidy-2021-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tidy-2021_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tidy-2021_88-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-58817658">"Twitch confirms massive data breach"</a>. BBC News. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211006175233/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/06/technology/twitch-data-breach.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2021. 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Retrieved October 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Massive+Twitch+hack+reveals+streamers%27+pay%2C+with+top+stars+making+millions&rft.date=2021-10-06&rft.aulast=Grayson&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fvideo-games%2F2021%2F10%2F06%2Ftwitch-hack-pay-xqc-pokimane-summit1g%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pesce-2021-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pesce-2021_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pesce-2021_92-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marketwatch.com/story/reported-twitch-hacker-leaks-entire-source-code-and-streamers-incomes-for-the-past-three-years-11633533597">"Twitch hacker leaks entire source code and streamers' incomes for the past three years"</a>. <a href="/wiki/MarketWatch" title="MarketWatch">MarketWatch</a>. October 6, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211006153725/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/reported-twitch-hacker-leaks-entire-source-code-and-streamers-incomes-for-the-past-three-years-11633533597">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2021. Retrieved October 6, 2021. <q>The leaked data does apparently reveal just how much money popular Twitch streamers are earning directly from Twitch. Some 81 have been paid more than $1 million by Twitch since August 2019, likely from subscriptions and advertising revenue, according to the leaked documents.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MarketWatch&rft.atitle=Twitch+hacker+leaks+entire+source+code+and+streamers%27+incomes+for+the+past+three+years&rft.date=2021-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketwatch.com%2Fstory%2Freported-twitch-hacker-leaks-entire-source-code-and-streamers-incomes-for-the-past-three-years-11633533597&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carpenter-2021-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenter-2021_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carpenter-2021_93-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter2021" class="citation web cs1">Carpenter, Nicole (October 6, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/22713501/twitch-source-code-earnings-hack-explained">"Massive Twitch source code, creator earnings hack, explained"</a>. Polygon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007134514/https://www.polygon.com/22713501/twitch-source-code-earnings-hack-explained">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=Massive+Twitch+source+code%2C+creator+earnings+hack%2C+explained&rft.date=2021-10-06&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F22713501%2Ftwitch-source-code-earnings-hack-explained&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren2021" class="citation web cs1">Warren, Tom (October 6, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/10/6/22712365/twitch-data-leak-breach-security-confirmation-comments">"Twitch confirms major data breach after its source code and secrets leak out"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211006153231/https://www.theverge.com/2021/10/6/22712365/twitch-data-leak-breach-security-confirmation-comments">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2021. Retrieved October 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Twitch+confirms+major+data+breach+after+its+source+code+and+secrets+leak+out&rft.date=2021-10-06&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2021%2F10%2F6%2F22712365%2Ftwitch-data-leak-breach-security-confirmation-comments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlunkett2021" class="citation web cs1">Plunkett, Luke (October 6, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/twitch-says-malicious-third-party-was-behind-hack-1847815516">"Twitch Says 'Malicious Third Party' Was Behind Hack"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007060225/https://kotaku.com/twitch-says-malicious-third-party-was-behind-hack-1847815516">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2021. Retrieved October 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotaku&rft.atitle=Twitch+Says+%27Malicious+Third+Party%27+Was+Behind+Hack&rft.date=2021-10-06&rft.aulast=Plunkett&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2Ftwitch-says-malicious-third-party-was-behind-hack-1847815516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScullion2021" class="citation web cs1">Scullion, Chris (October 7, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/twitch-leak-all-stream-keys-have-been-reset-out-of-an-abundance-of-caution/">"Twitch leak: All stream keys have been reset 'out of an abundance of caution'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Video_Games_Chronicle" title="Video Games Chronicle">Video Games Chronicle</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211007101031/https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/twitch-leak-all-stream-keys-have-been-reset-out-of-an-abundance-of-caution/">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2021. 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GameSpot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220927155802/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/twitch-now-lets-partners-stream-on-rival-platforms/1100-6506756/">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2022. 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Washington Post. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220927155758/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/21/technology/twitch-reduce-payments-streamers.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2022. 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September 21, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220927155758/https://www.theverge.com/2022/9/21/23364050/twitch-subscription-revenue-split-share-premium-partners">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2022. Retrieved September 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Twitch+is+cutting+how+much+its+biggest+streamers+earn+from+subscriptions&rft.date=2022-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2022%2F9%2F21%2F23364050%2Ftwitch-subscription-revenue-split-share-premium-partners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamespot.com/articles/twitch-is-changing-its-revenue-split-for-its-biggest-streamers-from-2023/1100-6507709/">"Twitch Is Changing Its Revenue Split For Its Biggest Streamers From 2023"</a>. 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Retrieved September 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eurogamer.net&rft.atitle=Twitch+addresses+revenue+split+for+streamers%2C+declining+to+change+50%2F50+split&rft.date=2022-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurogamer.net%2Ftwitch-addresses-revenue-split-for-streamers-declining-to-change-5050-split&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.twitch.tv/en/2022/09/21/a-letter-from-twitch-president-dan-clancy-on-subscription-revenue-shares">"A Letter from Twitch President Dan Clancy on Subscription Revenue Shares"</a>. 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Retrieved November 19, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Amazon%2C+Twitch+Unveil+Enhanced+Features+for+NFL+%27Thursday+Night+Football%27+Live-Streams&rft.date=2018-09-27&rft.aulast=Spangler&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2018%2Fdigital%2Fnews%2Famazon-twitch-nfl-thursday-night-football-live-streams-1202958962%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://awfulannouncing.com/amazon/amazon-prime-thursday-night-football-adding-scout-feed-twitch-stream-new-talent.html">"Amazon Prime Thursday Night Football adding scout feed, Twitch stream, new talent for 2020 NFL season"</a>. Awful Announcing. 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Retrieved October 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Awful+Announcing&rft.atitle=Amazon+Prime+Thursday+Night+Football+adding+scout+feed%2C+Twitch+stream%2C+new+talent+for+2020+NFL+season&rft.date=2020-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fawfulannouncing.com%2Famazon%2Famazon-prime-thursday-night-football-adding-scout-feed-twitch-stream-new-talent.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDachman2022" class="citation web cs1">Dachman, Jason (August 25, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sportsvideo.org/2022/08/25/amazon-prime-video-kicks-off-new-era-of-nfl-production-with-exclusive-thursday-night-football-package/">"Amazon Prime Video Kicks Off New Era of NFL Production With Exclusive Thursday Night Football Package"</a>. Sports Video Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220826041605/https://www.sportsvideo.org/2022/08/25/amazon-prime-video-kicks-off-new-era-of-nfl-production-with-exclusive-thursday-night-football-package/">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2022. Retrieved August 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sports+Video+Group&rft.atitle=Amazon+Prime+Video+Kicks+Off+New+Era+of+NFL+Production+With+Exclusive+Thursday+Night+Football+Package&rft.date=2022-08-25&rft.aulast=Dachman&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportsvideo.org%2F2022%2F08%2F25%2Famazon-prime-video-kicks-off-new-era-of-nfl-production-with-exclusive-thursday-night-football-package%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2022" class="citation web cs1">Staff, S. V. G. (August 3, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sportsvideo.org/2022/08/03/prime-video-presents-tnf-with-dude-perfect-all-new-thursday-night-football-alternate-stream/">"Prime Video Presents TNF With Dude Perfect Alternative Stream"</a>. Sports Video Group. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220826041604/https://www.sportsvideo.org/2022/08/03/prime-video-presents-tnf-with-dude-perfect-all-new-thursday-night-football-alternate-stream/">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2022. Retrieved August 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sports+Video+Group&rft.atitle=Prime+Video+Presents+TNF+With+Dude+Perfect+Alternative+Stream&rft.date=2022-08-03&rft.aulast=Staff&rft.aufirst=S.+V.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportsvideo.org%2F2022%2F08%2F03%2Fprime-video-presents-tnf-with-dude-perfect-all-new-thursday-night-football-alternate-stream%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDecker2019" class="citation web cs1">Decker, Kyle (January 6, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cagesideseats.com/impact-wrestling/2019/1/6/18171501/impacts-wrestling-weekly-program-simulcast-on-twitch-pursuit">"Impact's weekly program will be simulcast on Twitch as it airs on the Pursuit channel"</a>. Cageside Seats. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327074019/https://www.cagesideseats.com/impact-wrestling/2019/1/6/18171501/impacts-wrestling-weekly-program-simulcast-on-twitch-pursuit">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved March 8, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cageside+Seats&rft.atitle=Impact%27s+weekly+program+will+be+simulcast+on+Twitch+as+it+airs+on+the+Pursuit+channel&rft.date=2019-01-06&rft.aulast=Decker&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cagesideseats.com%2Fimpact-wrestling%2F2019%2F1%2F6%2F18171501%2Fimpacts-wrestling-weekly-program-simulcast-on-twitch-pursuit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClinton2019" class="citation news cs1">Clinton, Jared (September 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehockeynews.com/news/article/nwhl-signs-three-year-streaming-deal-with-twitch-receives-broadcasting-rights-fee">"NWHL signs three-year streaming deal with Twitch, receives broadcasting rights fee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hockey_News" title="The Hockey News">The Hockey News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190905203322/https://thehockeynews.com/news/article/nwhl-signs-three-year-streaming-deal-with-twitch-receives-broadcasting-rights-fee">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hockey+News&rft.atitle=NWHL+signs+three-year+streaming+deal+with+Twitch%2C+receives+broadcasting+rights+fee&rft.date=2019-09-05&rft.aulast=Clinton&rft.aufirst=Jared&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehockeynews.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fnwhl-signs-three-year-streaming-deal-with-twitch-receives-broadcasting-rights-fee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2020" class="citation web cs1">Alexander, Julia (March 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/11/21175118/twitch-national-womens-soccer-league-matches-amazon-sports-streaming">"Amazon continues push into sports with National Women's Soccer League on Twitch"</a>. The Verge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200312131757/https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/11/21175118/twitch-national-womens-soccer-league-matches-amazon-sports-streaming">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Amazon+continues+push+into+sports+with+National+Women%27s+Soccer+League+on+Twitch&rft.date=2020-03-11&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2020%2F3%2F11%2F21175118%2Ftwitch-national-womens-soccer-league-matches-amazon-sports-streaming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sportsvideo.org/2020/03/12/nwsl-inks-multi-year-deal-with-cbs-sports-twitch/">"NWSL Inks Multi-Year Deal With CBS Sports, Twitch"</a>. Sports Video Group. March 12, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729072211/https://www.sportsvideo.org/2020/03/12/nwsl-inks-multi-year-deal-with-cbs-sports-twitch/">Archived</a> from the original on July 29, 2020. Retrieved March 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sports+Video+Group&rft.atitle=NWSL+Inks+Multi-Year+Deal+With+CBS+Sports%2C+Twitch&rft.date=2020-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportsvideo.org%2F2020%2F03%2F12%2Fnwsl-inks-multi-year-deal-with-cbs-sports-twitch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/amazon-prime-premier-league-free-streaming-tv-rights">"Amazon's four Premier League matches to be made available free"</a>. SportsPro Media. June 3, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200603214942/https://www.sportspromedia.com/news/amazon-prime-premier-league-free-streaming-tv-rights">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2020. 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Variety. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200813051643/https://variety.com/2020/digital/news/twitch-entercom-sports-radio-talk-video-1234708114/">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2020. Retrieved August 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Twitch+Inks+Deal+to+Livestream+Entercom%27s+Sports+Radio+Talk+Shows+as+Video+Simulcasts+%28EXCLUSIVE%29&rft.date=2020-07-16&rft.aulast=Spangler&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2020%2Fdigital%2Fnews%2Ftwitch-entercom-sports-radio-talk-video-1234708114%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren2020" class="citation web cs1">Warren, Tom (July 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2020/7/22/21333867/twitch-sports-category-launch-streaming-content">"Twitch launches a new sports category as Amazon pushes for sports dominance"</a>. 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Retrieved June 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SportsPro&rft.atitle=Kosmos+turns+to+Twitch+for+Copa+America+broadcasts+in+Spain&rft.date=2021-06-21&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportspromedia.com%2Fnews%2Fkosmos-copa-america-rights-spain-twitch-streaming-ibai-llanos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCommunity" class="citation web cs1">Community, The. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitchemotes.com/">"Twitch Emotes – Bringing a little Kappa to you everyday"</a>. twitchemotes.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025185718/https://twitchemotes.com/">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2017. 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FiveThirtyEight. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171026001422/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-a-former-twitch-employee-has-one-of-the-most-reproduced-faces-ever/">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2017. Retrieved October 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FiveThirtyEight&rft.atitle=How+Kappa+Became+The+Face+Of+Twitch&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft.aulast=Goldenberg&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffivethirtyeight.com%2Ffeatures%2Fwhy-a-former-twitch-employee-has-one-of-the-most-reproduced-faces-ever%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStreamElements" class="citation web cs1">StreamElements. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stats.streamelements.com/">"Chat stats"</a>. StreamElements. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180408010346/https://stats.streamelements.com/">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2018. 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Twitch Help. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015354/https://help.twitch.tv/customer/portal/articles/2348985">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitch+Help&rft.atitle=Subscriber+Emoticon+Tiers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.twitch.tv%2Fcustomer%2Fportal%2Farticles%2F2348985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter2018" class="citation web cs1">Carpenter, Nicole (December 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dotesports.com/culture/news/kappa-dethroned-on-twitch-after-six-years-on-top">"Kappa dethroned on Twitch after six years on top"</a>. Dot Esports. <a href="/wiki/Gamurs" title="Gamurs">Gamurs</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210110155816/https://dotesports.com/culture/news/kappa-dethroned-on-twitch-after-six-years-on-top">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dot+Esports&rft.atitle=Kappa+dethroned+on+Twitch+after+six+years+on+top&rft.date=2018-12-14&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdotesports.com%2Fculture%2Fnews%2Fkappa-dethroned-on-twitch-after-six-years-on-top&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-poggers-remove-verge-192">^ <a href="#cite_ref-poggers-remove-verge_192-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-poggers-remove-verge_192-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-poggers-remove-verge_192-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2021" class="citation web cs1">Kelly, Makena (January 6, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/6/22218088/twitch-bans-pogchamp-poggers-capitol-trump-violence-gootecks">"Twitch deletes PogChamp emote because it's now the face of 'further violence'"</a>. The Verge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108103846/https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/6/22218088/twitch-bans-pogchamp-poggers-capitol-trump-violence-gootecks">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Twitch+deletes+PogChamp+emote+because+it%27s+now+the+face+of+%27further+violence%27&rft.date=2021-01-06&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Makena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2021%2F1%2F6%2F22218088%2Ftwitch-bans-pogchamp-poggers-capitol-trump-violence-gootecks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFordGardnerHorganLiu2017" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-location-test">Ford, Colin; Gardner, Dan; Horgan, Leah Elaine; Liu, Calvin; tsaasan, a. m.; Nardi, Bonnie; Rickman, Jordan (May 6, 2017). "Chat Speed OP PogChamp". Written at Denver, Colorado, US. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems. CHI EA '17. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a>: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 858–871. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F3027063.3052765">10.1145/3027063.3052765</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4503-4656-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4503-4656-6"><bdi>978-1-4503-4656-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23784118">23784118</a>. <q>For instance, a string of PogChamp messages indicated amazement at an impressive play or situation,</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chat+Speed+OP+PogChamp&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+2017+CHI+Conference+Extended+Abstracts+on+Human+Factors+in+Computing+Systems&rft.place=University+of+California%2C+Irvine&rft.series=CHI+EA+%2717&rft.pages=858-871&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.date=2017-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23784118%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F3027063.3052765&rft.isbn=978-1-4503-4656-6&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.au=Gardner%2C+Dan&rft.au=Horgan%2C+Leah+Elaine&rft.au=Liu%2C+Calvin&rft.au=tsaasan%2C+a.+m.&rft.au=Nardi%2C+Bonnie&rft.au=Rickman%2C+Jordan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavisO'MahonyPfautz2019" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Paul K.; O'Mahony, Angela; Pfautz, Jonathan (April 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sNuLDwAAQBAJ&q=%22PogChamp%22&pg=PA421">Social-Behavioral Modeling for Complex Systems</a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 421. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-119-48496-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-119-48496-7"><bdi>978-1-119-48496-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122151446/https://books.google.com/books?id=sNuLDwAAQBAJ&q=%22PogChamp%22&pg=PA421">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social-Behavioral+Modeling+for+Complex+Systems&rft.pages=421&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2019-04-09&rft.isbn=978-1-119-48496-7&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Paul+K.&rft.au=O%27Mahony%2C+Angela&rft.au=Pfautz%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsNuLDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522PogChamp%2522%26pg%3DPA421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pcmag-pog-195"><a href="#cite_ref-pcmag-pog_195-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacgregorWilde2021" class="citation web cs1">Macgregor, Jody; Wilde, Tyler (January 7, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcgamer.com/au/twitch-removes-pogchamp-emote-we-cant-in-good-conscience-continue-to-enable-use-of-the-image/">"Twitch removes PogChamp emote: 'We can't in good conscience continue to enable use of the image'"</a>. PC Gamer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210107083732/https://www.pcgamer.com/au/twitch-removes-pogchamp-emote-we-cant-in-good-conscience-continue-to-enable-use-of-the-image/">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PC+Gamer&rft.atitle=Twitch+removes+PogChamp+emote%3A+%27We+can%27t+in+good+conscience+continue+to+enable+use+of+the+image%27&rft.date=2021-01-07&rft.aulast=Macgregor&rft.aufirst=Jody&rft.au=Wilde%2C+Tyler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcgamer.com%2Fau%2Ftwitch-removes-pogchamp-emote-we-cant-in-good-conscience-continue-to-enable-use-of-the-image%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-twitch-say-pog-no-196"><a href="#cite_ref-twitch-say-pog-no_196-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTwitch2021" class="citation web cs1">@Twitch (January 6, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/Twitch/status/1347003152910807045">"We've made the decision to remove the PogChamp emote following statements from the face of the emote encouraging further violence after what took place in the Capitol today"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We%27ve+made+the+decision+to+remove+the+PogChamp+emote+following+statements+from+the+face+of+the+emote+encouraging+further+violence+after+what+took+place+in+the+Capitol+today.&rft.date=2021-01-06&rft.au=Twitch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FTwitch%2Fstatus%2F1347003152910807045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlunkett2021" class="citation web cs1">Plunkett, Luke (January 7, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/twitch-removes-pogchamp-emote-1846005505">"Twitch Removes "PogChamp" Emote"</a>. Kotaku. <a href="/wiki/G/O_Media" title="G/O Media">G/O Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210107024251/https://kotaku.com/twitch-removes-pogchamp-emote-1846005505">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotaku&rft.atitle=Twitch+Removes+%22PogChamp%22+Emote&rft.date=2021-01-07&rft.aulast=Plunkett&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2Ftwitch-removes-pogchamp-emote-1846005505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-poggers-polygonremove-198"><a href="#cite_ref-poggers-polygonremove_198-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHernandez2021" class="citation web cs1">Hernandez, Patricia (January 6, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/2021/1/6/22218059/pogchamp-twitch-removed-emote-ryan-gootecks-gutierrez-trump-capitol-hill">"Twitch removes PogChamp emote after star encourages 'further violence' at Capitol Hill"</a>. Polygon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108121159/https://www.polygon.com/2021/1/6/22218059/pogchamp-twitch-removed-emote-ryan-gootecks-gutierrez-trump-capitol-hill">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=Twitch+removes+PogChamp+emote+after+star+encourages+%27further+violence%27+at+Capitol+Hill&rft.date=2021-01-06&rft.aulast=Hernandez&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2021%2F1%2F6%2F22218059%2Fpogchamp-twitch-removed-emote-ryan-gootecks-gutierrez-trump-capitol-hill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ign-pogchamp-delete-199"><a href="#cite_ref-ign-pogchamp-delete_199-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT.M._Kim2021" class="citation web cs1">T.M. Kim, Matt (January 7, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/pogchamp-twitch-emote-removed-capitol-hill-gootecks">"Twitch Removes 'Pogchamp' Emote Following Tweets by Gootecks"</a>. IGN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108074531/https://www.ign.com/articles/pogchamp-twitch-emote-removed-capitol-hill-gootecks">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGN&rft.atitle=Twitch+Removes+%27Pogchamp%27+Emote+Following+Tweets+by+Gootecks&rft.date=2021-01-07&rft.aulast=T.M.+Kim&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2Fpogchamp-twitch-emote-removed-capitol-hill-gootecks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen2021" class="citation web cs1">Stephen, Bijan (January 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/8/22220874/twitch-pogchamp-face-change-ryan-gootecks-gutierrez">"Twitch will change the face of PogChamp every 24 hours"</a>. The Verge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111044208/https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/8/22220874/twitch-pogchamp-face-change-ryan-gootecks-gutierrez">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Twitch+will+change+the+face+of+PogChamp+every+24+hours&rft.date=2021-01-08&rft.aulast=Stephen&rft.aufirst=Bijan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2021%2F1%2F8%2F22220874%2Ftwitch-pogchamp-face-change-ryan-gootecks-gutierrez&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pog-24hours-ign-201"><a href="#cite_ref-pog-24hours-ign_201-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ign.com/articles/twitch-new-pogchamp-emote-random">"Twitch Will Randomly Choose a New 'PogChamp' Emote Every 24 Hours - IGN"</a>. January 8, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210110210446/https://www.ign.com/articles/twitch-new-pogchamp-emote-random">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2021 – via ign.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twitch+Will+Randomly+Choose+a+New+%27PogChamp%27+Emote+Every+24+Hours+-+IGN&rft.date=2021-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ign.com%2Farticles%2Ftwitch-new-pogchamp-emote-random&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pog-24hours-rockpaperscissors-202"><a href="#cite_ref-pog-24hours-rockpaperscissors_202-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton2021" class="citation web cs1">Morton, Lauren (January 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2021/01/08/twitch-are-swapping-in-a-new-pogchamp-emote-every-24-hours/">"Twitch are swapping in a new PogChamp emote every 24 hours"</a>. Rock, Paper, Shotgun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111010645/https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2021/01/08/twitch-are-swapping-in-a-new-pogchamp-emote-every-24-hours/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 10, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rock%2C+Paper%2C+Shotgun&rft.atitle=Twitch+are+swapping+in+a+new+PogChamp+emote+every+24+hours&rft.date=2021-01-08&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockpapershotgun.com%2F2021%2F01%2F08%2Ftwitch-are-swapping-in-a-new-pogchamp-emote-every-24-hours%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrayson2021" class="citation web cs1">Grayson, Nathan (February 12, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/twitch-viewers-elect-meme-lizard-as-new-permanent-pogch-1846261537">"Twitch Viewers Elect Meme Lizard As New Permanent Pogchamp"</a>. Kotaku. <a href="/wiki/G/O_Media" title="G/O Media">G/O Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210213011006/https://kotaku.com/twitch-viewers-elect-meme-lizard-as-new-permanent-pogch-1846261537">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotaku&rft.atitle=Twitch+Viewers+Elect+Meme+Lizard+As+New+Permanent+Pogchamp&rft.date=2021-02-12&rft.aulast=Grayson&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2Ftwitch-viewers-elect-meme-lizard-as-new-permanent-pogch-1846261537&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/1/20750393/ninja-mixer-exclusive-twitch-fortnite-streaming-gaming-announcement">"Ninja announces he is leaving Twitch to stream exclusively on Mixer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190814160821/https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/1/20750393/ninja-mixer-exclusive-twitch-fortnite-streaming-gaming-announcement">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved August 1, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Ninja+announces+he+is+leaving+Twitch+to+stream+exclusively+on+Mixer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2019%2F8%2F1%2F20750393%2Fninja-mixer-exclusive-twitch-fortnite-streaming-gaming-announcement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2019" class="citation web cs1">Alexander, Julia (August 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/1/20750432/mixer-ninja-microsoft-twitch-youtube-streaming-fortnite">"What is Mixer, Ninja's new exclusive streaming home?"</a>. The Verge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190814160948/https://www.theverge.com/2019/8/1/20750432/mixer-ninja-microsoft-twitch-youtube-streaming-fortnite">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2019. 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Retrieved May 26, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Twitch+signs+multiyear+deals+with+popular+streamers+Summit1G%2C+Dakotaz%2C+and+JoshOG&rft.date=2020-05-26&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2020%2F5%2F26%2F21270912%2Ftwitch-streamer-contracts-re-signs-summit1g-dakotaz-joshog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThier" class="citation web cs1">Thier, Dave. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidthier/2020/06/28/statement-respond-why-dr-disrespect-banned-from-twitch-for-mysterious-reasons/">"Dr. Disrespect Banned From Twitch: Doc's Statement And What We Know"</a>. 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Retrieved August 8, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Re%2Fcode&rft.atitle=Under+Fire%2C+Twitch+CEO+Says+%22We+Screwed+Up%22+Policy+Announcement&rft.date=2014-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frecode.net%2F2014%2F08%2F07%2Funder-fire-twitch-ceo-says-we-screwed-up-policy-announcement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray_Stassen2020" class="citation web cs1">Murray Stassen (June 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/twitch-users-face-potential-channel-bans-following-platforms-sudden-influx-of-dmca-music-takedown-requests/">"TWITCH USERS FACE POTENTIAL CHANNEL BANS FOLLOWING PLATFORM'S 'SUDDEN INFLUX OF DMCA MUSIC TAKEDOWN REQUESTS'"</a>. 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Retrieved June 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TWITCH+USERS+FACE+POTENTIAL+CHANNEL+BANS+FOLLOWING+PLATFORM%27S+%27SUDDEN+INFLUX+OF+DMCA+MUSIC+TAKEDOWN+REQUESTS%27&rft.pub=Music+Business+Worldwide&rft.date=2020-06-08&rft.au=Murray+Stassen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicbusinessworldwide.com%2Ftwitch-users-face-potential-channel-bans-following-platforms-sudden-influx-of-dmca-music-takedown-requests%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNathan_Grayson2020" class="citation web cs1">Nathan Grayson (June 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/after-massive-dmca-takedown-twitch-streamers-are-delet-1843954430">"After Massive DMCA Takedown, Twitch Streamers Are Deleting Thousands Of Clips"</a>. 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PC Gamer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200609142336/https://www.pcgamer.com/twitch-has-been-hit-by-a-wave-of-copyright-claims-over-old-clips/">Archived</a> from the original on June 9, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twitch+has+been+hit+by+a+wave+of+copyright+claims+over+old+clips&rft.pub=PC+Gamer&rft.date=2020-06-08&rft.au=Fraser+Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcgamer.com%2Ftwitch-has-been-hit-by-a-wave-of-copyright-claims-over-old-clips%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://completemusicupdate.com/article/sacem-announces-licensing-deal-with-twitch/">"SACEM announces licensing deal with Twitch | Complete Music Update"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428084921/https://completemusicupdate.com/article/sacem-announces-licensing-deal-with-twitch/">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SACEM+announces+licensing+deal+with+Twitch+%26%23124%3B+Complete+Music+Update&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcompletemusicupdate.com%2Farticle%2Fsacem-announces-licensing-deal-with-twitch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlistein2020" class="citation magazine cs1">Blistein, Jon (October 1, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/pro/features/twitch-soundtrack-licensing-sync-1069411/">"Twitch Licenses Music Now. But the Music Industry Says It's Skirting the Rules"</a>. 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Retrieved November 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Twitch+Licenses+Music+Now.+But+the+Music+Industry+Says+It%27s+Skirting+the+Rules&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft.aulast=Blistein&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fpro%2Ffeatures%2Ftwitch-soundtrack-licensing-sync-1069411%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/twitch-still-unlicensed-by-majors-launches-rights-cleared-music-via-deals-with-indie-distributors-and-labels/">"Twitch, still unlicensed by majors, launches rights-cleared music via deals with indie distributors and labels"</a>. Music Business Worldwide. September 30, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201003123924/https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/twitch-still-unlicensed-by-majors-launches-rights-cleared-music-via-deals-with-indie-distributors-and-labels/">Archived</a> from the original on October 3, 2020. Retrieved October 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Music+Business+Worldwide&rft.atitle=Twitch%2C+still+unlicensed+by+majors%2C+launches+rights-cleared+music+via+deals+with+indie+distributors+and+labels&rft.date=2020-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicbusinessworldwide.com%2Ftwitch-still-unlicensed-by-majors-launches-rights-cleared-music-via-deals-with-indie-distributors-and-labels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2020/09/30/twitch-launches-a-rights-cleared-music-catalog-for-streamers-soundtrack-by-twitch/">"Twitch launches a rights-cleared music catalog for streamers, Soundtrack by Twitch"</a>. TechCrunch. 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Retrieved October 1, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechCrunch&rft.atitle=Twitch+launches+a+rights-cleared+music+catalog+for+streamers%2C+Soundtrack+by+Twitch&rft.date=2020-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2020%2F09%2F30%2Ftwitch-launches-a-rights-cleared-music-catalog-for-streamers-soundtrack-by-twitch%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen2020" class="citation web cs1">Stephen, Bijan (September 30, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2020/9/30/21495243/twitch-soundtrack-streaming-music-soundcloud-distrokid-facebook-gaming">"Twitch's Soundtrack feature debuts today, and it will let streamers play music while they're live"</a>. 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Variety. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211009040304/https://variety.com/2020/digital/news/twitch-amazon-unlicensed-music-riaa-recording-academy-1234815503/">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2021. 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September 21, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211009040248/https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/twitch-strikes-deal-with-music-publishers">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2021. 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Retrieved May 28, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=Twitch+bans+Adults+Only-rated+games+from+streaming&rft.date=2015-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2015%2F5%2F27%2F8675141%2Ftwitch-bans-adults-only-rated-games-from-streaming-esrb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.twitch.tv/customer/portal/articles/1992676-list-of-prohibited-games">"List of prohibited games"</a>. 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Retrieved January 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitch+Help+Center&rft.atitle=List+of+prohibited+games&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhelp.twitch.tv%2Fcustomer%2Fportal%2Farticles%2F1992676-list-of-prohibited-games&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-polygon-yanderebanned-270">^ <a href="#cite_ref-polygon-yanderebanned_270-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-polygon-yanderebanned_270-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polygon.com/2016/1/22/10815594/yandere-simulator-banned-twitch-reddit">"Yandere Simulator banned from Twitch streaming"</a>. Polygon. Vox Media. January 22, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160129023548/http://www.polygon.com/2016/1/22/10815594/yandere-simulator-banned-twitch-reddit">Archived</a> from the original on January 29, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=Yandere+Simulator+banned+from+Twitch+streaming&rft.date=2016-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2016%2F1%2F22%2F10815594%2Fyandere-simulator-banned-twitch-reddit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-polygon-showerban-271"><a href="#cite_ref-polygon-showerban_271-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polygon.com/2015/9/24/9394327/shower-simulator-rinse-and-repeat-makes-the-twitch-shortlist-for">"Shower simulator Rinse and Repeat makes the Twitch shortlist for banned games"</a>. Polygon. Vox Media. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160211232454/http://www.polygon.com/2015/9/24/9394327/shower-simulator-rinse-and-repeat-makes-the-twitch-shortlist-for">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=Shower+simulator+Rinse+and+Repeat+makes+the+Twitch+shortlist+for+banned+games&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2015%2F9%2F24%2F9394327%2Fshower-simulator-rinse-and-repeat-makes-the-twitch-shortlist-for&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kotaku-yandereban-272"><a href="#cite_ref-kotaku-yandereban_272-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/yandere-simulator-dev-says-twitch-hasnt-told-him-why-hi-1754533741">"Yandere Simulator Dev Says Twitch Hasn't Told Him Why His Game Was Banned"</a>. Kotaku. January 22, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160126070013/http://kotaku.com/yandere-simulator-dev-says-twitch-hasnt-told-him-why-hi-1754533741">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotaku&rft.atitle=Yandere+Simulator+Dev+Says+Twitch+Hasn%27t+Told+Him+Why+His+Game+Was+Banned&rft.date=2016-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2Fyandere-simulator-dev-says-twitch-hasnt-told-him-why-hi-1754533741&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2019" class="citation web cs1">Marshall, Cass (May 27, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/2019/5/27/18641498/artifact-twitch-section-trolling">"Twitch's Artifact section has become a waking nightmare"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Polygon_(website)" title="Polygon (website)">Polygon</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190527231805/https://www.polygon.com/2019/5/27/18641498/artifact-twitch-section-trolling">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2019. Retrieved May 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=Twitch%27s+Artifact+section+has+become+a+waking+nightmare&rft.date=2019-05-27&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Cass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2019%2F5%2F27%2F18641498%2Fartifact-twitch-section-trolling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2019" class="citation web cs1">Alexander, Julia (May 28, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2019/5/28/18643167/twitch-artifact-suspend-new-users-trolls-attack-valve">"Twitch is temporarily suspending new creators from streaming after troll attack"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190528213635/https://www.theverge.com/2019/5/28/18643167/twitch-artifact-suspend-new-users-trolls-attack-valve">Archived</a> from the original on May 28, 2019. Retrieved May 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Twitch+is+temporarily+suspending+new+creators+from+streaming+after+troll+attack&rft.date=2019-05-28&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2019%2F5%2F28%2F18643167%2Ftwitch-artifact-suspend-new-users-trolls-attack-valve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnson2019" class="citation web cs1">Burnson, Robert (June 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-15/twitch-sues-troll-streamers-over-violent-videos-pornography">"Twitch Sues Troll Streamers Over Violent Videos, Pornography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg L.P.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190616111551/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-15/twitch-sues-troll-streamers-over-violent-videos-pornography">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+L.P.&rft.atitle=Twitch+Sues+Troll+Streamers+Over+Violent+Videos%2C+Pornography&rft.date=2019-06-15&rft.aulast=Burnson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2019-06-15%2Ftwitch-sues-troll-streamers-over-violent-videos-pornography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2019" class="citation web cs1">Kim, Matt (June 19, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usgamer.net/articles/twitch-lawsuit-blames-artifact-porn-streams-for-permanently-pushing-users-off-the-platform">"Twitch Lawsuit Blames Artifact Porn Streams for Permanently Pushing Users Off the Platform"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USGamer" class="mw-redirect" title="USGamer">USGamer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619225833/https://www.usgamer.net/articles/twitch-lawsuit-blames-artifact-porn-streams-for-permanently-pushing-users-off-the-platform">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2019. Retrieved June 19, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USGamer&rft.atitle=Twitch+Lawsuit+Blames+Artifact+Porn+Streams+for+Permanently+Pushing+Users+Off+the+Platform&rft.date=2019-06-19&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usgamer.net%2Farticles%2Ftwitch-lawsuit-blames-artifact-porn-streams-for-permanently-pushing-users-off-the-platform&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChalk2021" class="citation web cs1">Chalk, Andy (May 21, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcgamer.com/twitch-addresses-hot-tub-streaming-controversy-by-adding-a-hot-tub-category/">"Twitch addresses hot tub streaming controversy by adding a hot tub category"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PC_Gamer" title="PC Gamer">PC Gamer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203213/https://www.pcgamer.com/twitch-addresses-hot-tub-streaming-controversy-by-adding-a-hot-tub-category/">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PC+Gamer&rft.atitle=Twitch+addresses+hot+tub+streaming+controversy+by+adding+a+hot+tub+category&rft.date=2021-05-21&rft.aulast=Chalk&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcgamer.com%2Ftwitch-addresses-hot-tub-streaming-controversy-by-adding-a-hot-tub-category%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiaz2021" class="citation web cs1">Diaz, Ana (June 21, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/22543478/twitch-amouranth-indiefoxx-yoga-asmr-stream-hot-tub-meta-ban">"Twitch bans popular streamers Amouranth and Indiefoxx after yoga ASMR streams"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Polygon_(website)" title="Polygon (website)">Polygon</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210621171903/https://www.polygon.com/22543478/twitch-amouranth-indiefoxx-yoga-asmr-stream-hot-tub-meta-ban">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=Twitch+bans+popular+streamers+Amouranth+and+Indiefoxx+after+yoga+ASMR+streams&rft.date=2021-06-21&rft.aulast=Diaz&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F22543478%2Ftwitch-amouranth-indiefoxx-yoga-asmr-stream-hot-tub-meta-ban&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpangler2023" class="citation web cs1">Spangler, Todd (December 15, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/twitch-reverses-artistic-nudity-sexual-content-policy-1235841288/">"Twitch Reverses Policy Allowing 'Artistic Nudity,' Citing AI's Ability to Create Realistic Images"</a>. 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Retrieved June 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Engadget&rft.atitle=Twitch+responds+to+sexual+abuse+accusations%2C+bans+several+streamers&rft.date=2020-06-24&rft.aulast=Lawler&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2Ftwitch-abuse-bans-051617639.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFung2020" class="citation news cs1">Fung, Brian (June 29, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/29/tech/twitch-suspends-trump-account/index.html">"Twitch suspends Trump campaign account"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200629224231/https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/29/tech/twitch-suspends-trump-account/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Twitch+suspends+Trump+campaign+account&rft.date=2020-06-29&rft.aulast=Fung&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F06%2F29%2Ftech%2Ftwitch-suspends-trump-account%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen2020" class="citation web cs1">Stephen, Bijan (December 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2020/12/9/22165342/twitch-hateful-conduct-harassment-policy-update">"Twitch overhauls its rules around harassment and hateful conduct"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210217185817/https://www.theverge.com/2020/12/9/22165342/twitch-hateful-conduct-harassment-policy-update">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved December 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Twitch+overhauls+its+rules+around+harassment+and+hateful+conduct&rft.date=2020-12-09&rft.aulast=Stephen&rft.aufirst=Bijan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2020%2F12%2F9%2F22165342%2Ftwitch-hateful-conduct-harassment-policy-update&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKastrenakes2020" class="citation web cs1">Kastrenakes, Jacob (December 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2020/12/16/22179256/twitch-bans-simp-virgin-incel-new-sexual-harassment-policy">"Twitch bans "simp""</a>. The Verge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327103625/https://www.theverge.com/2020/12/16/22179256/twitch-bans-simp-virgin-incel-new-sexual-harassment-policy">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Twitch+bans+%22simp%22&rft.date=2020-12-16&rft.aulast=Kastrenakes&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2020%2F12%2F16%2F22179256%2Ftwitch-bans-simp-virgin-incel-new-sexual-harassment-policy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRolli2020" class="citation web cs1">Rolli, Bryan (December 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailydot.com/debug/twitch-simp-ban-insult/">"Twitch won't let you call people 'simp' anymore"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Dot" title="The Daily Dot">The Daily Dot</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514040242/https://www.dailydot.com/debug/twitch-simp-ban-insult/">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Dot&rft.atitle=Twitch+won%27t+let+you+call+people+%27simp%27+anymore&rft.date=2020-12-17&rft.aulast=Rolli&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailydot.com%2Fdebug%2Ftwitch-simp-ban-insult%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChalk2020" class="citation web cs1">Chalk, Andy (December 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcgamer.com/twitch-outlaws-simp-and-incel-as-sexually-disparaging-insults/">"Twitch outlaws 'simp' and 'incel' as sexually disparaging insults"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PC_Gamer" title="PC Gamer">PC Gamer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201217011211/https://www.pcgamer.com/twitch-outlaws-simp-and-incel-as-sexually-disparaging-insults/">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PC+Gamer&rft.atitle=Twitch+outlaws+%27simp%27+and+%27incel%27+as+sexually+disparaging+insults&rft.date=2020-12-17&rft.aulast=Chalk&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcgamer.com%2Ftwitch-outlaws-simp-and-incel-as-sexually-disparaging-insults%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrayson2020" class="citation web cs1">Grayson, Nathan (December 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/twitch-is-cracking-down-on-simp-emotes-because-of-haras-1843347454">"Streamers Flabbergasted After Twitch Partially Bans The Word 'Simp'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514040204/https://kotaku.com/twitch-is-cracking-down-on-simp-emotes-because-of-haras-1843347454">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotaku&rft.atitle=Streamers+Flabbergasted+After+Twitch+Partially+Bans+The+Word+%27Simp%27&rft.date=2020-12-17&rft.aulast=Grayson&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2Ftwitch-is-cracking-down-on-simp-emotes-because-of-haras-1843347454&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/twitch-removes-blind-playthrough-tag-after-disability-c-1845813019">"Twitch Removes 'Blind Playthrough' Tag After Disability Criticism"</a>. December 4, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210302060139/https://kotaku.com/twitch-removes-blind-playthrough-tag-after-disability-c-1845813019">Archived</a> from the original on March 2, 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twitch+Removes+%27Blind+Playthrough%27+Tag+After+Disability+Criticism&rft.date=2020-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2Ftwitch-removes-blind-playthrough-tag-after-disability-c-1845813019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrubb2017" class="citation web cs1">Grubb, Jeff (October 20, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://venturebeat.com/2017/10/20/twitch-officially-incorporates-channel-raids-and-other-new-features/">"Twitch reveals official channel raids and new ways to make money"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Venture_Beat" class="mw-redirect" title="Venture Beat">Venture Beat</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125210216/https://venturebeat.com/2017/10/20/twitch-officially-incorporates-channel-raids-and-other-new-features/">Archived</a> from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Venture+Beat&rft.atitle=Twitch+reveals+official+channel+raids+and+new+ways+to+make+money&rft.date=2017-10-20&rft.aulast=Grubb&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fventurebeat.com%2F2017%2F10%2F20%2Ftwitch-officially-incorporates-channel-raids-and-other-new-features%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParrish2021" class="citation web cs1">Parrish, Ash (August 20, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/22633874/how-to-stop-a-hate-raid-twitch-safety-tools">"How to stop a hate raid"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210822000606/https://www.theverge.com/22633874/how-to-stop-a-hate-raid-twitch-safety-tools">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2021. Retrieved August 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=How+to+stop+a+hate+raid&rft.date=2021-08-20&rft.aulast=Parrish&rft.aufirst=Ash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F22633874%2Fhow-to-stop-a-hate-raid-twitch-safety-tools&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlake2021" class="citation web cs1">Blake, Vikki (August 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2021-08-22-twitch-streamers-organise-adayofftwitch-in-protest-of-hate-raids">"Twitch streamers organise #ADayOffTwitch in protest of hate raids"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210822155721/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2021-08-22-twitch-streamers-organise-adayofftwitch-in-protest-of-hate-raids">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2021. Retrieved August 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurogamer&rft.atitle=Twitch+streamers+organise+%23ADayOffTwitch+in+protest+of+hate+raids&rft.date=2021-08-22&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Vikki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurogamer.net%2Farticles%2F2021-08-22-twitch-streamers-organise-adayofftwitch-in-protest-of-hate-raids&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2021" class="citation web cs1">Phillips, Tom (September 2, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2021-09-02-twitch-streamers-adayofftwitch-protest-hits-platform-viewer-totals">"Twitch streamers' big #ADayOffTwitch protest hits platform viewer totals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210902120711/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2021-09-02-twitch-streamers-adayofftwitch-protest-hits-platform-viewer-totals">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurogamer&rft.atitle=Twitch+streamers%27+big+%23ADayOffTwitch+protest+hits+platform+viewer+totals&rft.date=2021-09-02&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurogamer.net%2Farticles%2F2021-09-02-twitch-streamers-adayofftwitch-protest-hits-platform-viewer-totals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZheng2021" class="citation web cs1">Zheng, Jenny (September 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamespot.com/articles/twitch-sues-two-alleged-hate-raiders/1100-6496124/?ftag=CAD-01-10abi2f">"Twitch Sues Two Alleged Hate Raiders"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210910174717/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/twitch-sues-two-alleged-hate-raiders/1100-6496124/?ftag=CAD-01-10abi2f">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2021. Retrieved September 10, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameSpot&rft.atitle=Twitch+Sues+Two+Alleged+Hate+Raiders&rft.date=2021-09-10&rft.aulast=Zheng&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamespot.com%2Farticles%2Ftwitch-sues-two-alleged-hate-raiders%2F1100-6496124%2F%3Fftag%3DCAD-01-10abi2f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiaz2021" class="citation web cs1">Diaz, Ana (September 29, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/22700564/twitch-hate-raids-safety-feature-streaming">"Twitch announces new features to curb hate raids"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210929181815/https://www.polygon.com/22700564/twitch-hate-raids-safety-feature-streaming">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2021. Retrieved September 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Twitch+announces+new+features+to+curb+hate+raids&rft.date=2021-09-29&rft.aulast=Diaz&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F22700564%2Ftwitch-hate-raids-safety-feature-streaming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2022" class="citation web cs1">Roth, Emma (May 18, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2022/5/18/23125783/ny-attorney-general-launches-investigation-twitch-discord-buffalo-shooting">"NY attorney general is investigating Twitch, Discord, and 4chan over Buffalo shooting"</a>. The Verge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220520154456/https://www.theverge.com/2022/5/18/23125783/ny-attorney-general-launches-investigation-twitch-discord-buffalo-shooting">Archived</a> from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved May 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=NY+attorney+general+is+investigating+Twitch%2C+Discord%2C+and+4chan+over+Buffalo+shooting&rft.date=2022-05-18&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2022%2F5%2F18%2F23125783%2Fny-attorney-general-launches-investigation-twitch-discord-buffalo-shooting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParrish2024" class="citation web cs1">Parrish, Ash (November 15, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2024/11/15/24297474/twitch-says-zionist-can-be-a-punishable-slur">"Twitch says 'Zionist' can be a punishable slur"</a>. The Verge. 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Retrieved November 16, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Gamer&rft.atitle=Twitch+forbids+the+use+of+%27Zionist%27+to+%27attack+or+demean%2C%27+but+says+you+can+still+use+it+to+talk+about+the+political+movement&rft.date=2024-11-15&rft.au=Andy+Chalk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcgamer.com%2Fsoftware%2Fplatforms%2Ftwitch-forbids-the-use-of-zionist-to-attack-or-demean-but-says-you-can-still-use-it-to-talk-about-the-political-movement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowning2021" class="citation news cs1">Browning, Kellen (April 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/27/technology/twitch-livestream-extremists.html">"Extremists Find a Financial Lifeline on Twitch"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221011043540/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/27/technology/twitch-livestream-extremists.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2022. Retrieved October 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Extremists+Find+a+Financial+Lifeline+on+Twitch&rft.date=2021-04-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Browning&rft.aufirst=Kellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F04%2F27%2Ftechnology%2Ftwitch-livestream-extremists.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isdglobal.org/isd-publications/gaming-and-extremism-the-extreme-right-on-twitch/">"Gaming and Extremism: The Extreme Right on Twitch"</a>. 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Retrieved October 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired+UK&rft.atitle=How+the+far+right+took+over+Steam+and+Discord&rft.issn=1357-0978&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fsteam-discord-far-right&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/article-825477">"Following year-long ban, Twitch publicly enables sign-ups from Israeli IP addresses"</a>. The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. October 21, 2024. 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September 21, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220927141158/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-62982509">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2022. 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Retrieved September 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotaku&rft.atitle=Top+Twitch+Streamers+Like+Pokimane%2C+Mizkif+Threaten+Strike+After+%24200%2C000+Gambling+Scam&rft.date=2022-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2Ftwitch-gambling-scam-pokimane-mizkif-hasanabi-strike-1849554448&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/20/17883736/twitch-china-block-app-store">Twitch is now blocked in China</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002060548/https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/20/17883736/twitch-china-block-app-store">Archived</a> October 2, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Shannon Liao, <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>, September 20, 2018 </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gadgets.ndtv.com/telecom/news/jio-twitch-block-streams-ipl-2020-cricket-matches-reliance-hathway-users-report-2301985">"Jio Blocking Twitch Streams During IPL 2020 Cricket Matches, Users Report"</a>. 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July 4, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220709213330/https://ir.voanews.com/a/new-wave-filtering-twitch-discord-iran/6644220.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2022. 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Retrieved May 21, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TwitchTV+Launches+iPad+and+Android+Apps%3B+Expands+Mobile+Market+Presence+for+Live+Video+Game+Streaming+Movement&rft.pub=Business+Wire&rft.date=2012-04-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F20120412005443%2Fen%2FTwitchTV-Launches-iPad-Android-Apps-Expands-Mobile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhalid2022" class="citation web cs1">Khalid, Amrita (June 30, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/twitch-amazon-luna-samsung-smart-tv-2022-gaming-hub-app-150034012.html">"Samsung Gaming Hub goes live today with Twitch, Xbox Game Pass and more"</a>. Engadget. 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Retrieved February 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=TwitchCon+2015%3A+What+it+is%2C+and+what+to+watch&rft.date=2015-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2015%2F9%2F24%2F9387647%2Fwhat-is-twitchcon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarkar2016" class="citation web cs1">Sarkar, Samit (February 18, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/2016/2/18/11038070/twitchcon-2016-dates-san-diego">"TwitchCon 2016 announced, coming to San Diego this September"</a>. polygon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170810171220/https://www.polygon.com/2016/2/18/11038070/twitchcon-2016-dates-san-diego">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=polygon&rft.atitle=TwitchCon+2016+announced%2C+coming+to+San+Diego+this+September&rft.date=2016-02-18&rft.aulast=Sarkar&rft.aufirst=Samit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2016%2F2%2F18%2F11038070%2Ftwitchcon-2016-dates-san-diego&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-355"><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarkar2017" class="citation web cs1">Sarkar, Samit (January 10, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polygon.com/2017/1/10/14219536/twitchcon-2017-dates-los-angeles-long-beach">"TwitchCon 2017 announced for late October"</a>. Polygon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170810170855/https://www.polygon.com/2017/1/10/14219536/twitchcon-2017-dates-los-angeles-long-beach">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=TwitchCon+2017+announced+for+late+October&rft.date=2017-01-10&rft.aulast=Sarkar&rft.aufirst=Samit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2017%2F1%2F10%2F14219536%2Ftwitchcon-2017-dates-los-angeles-long-beach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLumb2018" class="citation web cs1">Lumb, David (February 28, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.engadget.com/2018/02/28/twitchcon-2018-bay-area-october-26th/">"TwitchCon returns to the Bay Area on October 26th"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Engadget" title="Engadget">Engadget</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180228202544/https://www.engadget.com/2018/02/28/twitchcon-2018-bay-area-october-26th/">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2018. Retrieved February 28, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Engadget&rft.atitle=TwitchCon+returns+to+the+Bay+Area+on+October+26th&rft.date=2018-02-28&rft.aulast=Lumb&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2018%2F02%2F28%2Ftwitchcon-2018-bay-area-october-26th%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-357"><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrecente2018" class="citation web cs1">Crecente, Brian (November 21, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/twitchcon-europe-location-dates-1203034419/">"TwitchCon Expands to Europe in 2019"</a>. Variety. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190928105753/https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/twitchcon-europe-location-dates-1203034419/">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved January 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=TwitchCon+Expands+to+Europe+in+2019&rft.date=2018-11-21&rft.aulast=Crecente&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2018%2Fdigital%2Fnews%2Ftwitchcon-europe-location-dates-1203034419%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-358"><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincent2019" class="citation web cs1">Vincent, Brittany (February 20, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2019/gaming/news/twitchcon-returns-san-diego-1203144208/">"TwitchCon 2019 Returns To San Diego Convention Center With Fifth Annual Event"</a>. Variety. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190221022304/https://variety.com/2019/gaming/news/twitchcon-returns-san-diego-1203144208/">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2019. Retrieved January 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=TwitchCon+2019+Returns+To+San+Diego+Convention+Center+With+Fifth+Annual+Event&rft.date=2019-02-20&rft.aulast=Vincent&rft.aufirst=Brittany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2019%2Fgaming%2Fnews%2Ftwitchcon-returns-san-diego-1203144208%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-359"><a href="#cite_ref-359">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitt2020" class="citation web cs1">Hitt, Kevin (March 6, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esportsobserver.com/twitchcon-amsterdam-canceled/">"Twitch Cancels TwitchCon Amsterdam Event Amid Coronavirus Concerns"</a>. The Esports Observer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200408220709/https://esportsobserver.com/twitchcon-amsterdam-canceled/">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2020. Retrieved March 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Esports+Observer&rft.atitle=Twitch+Cancels+TwitchCon+Amsterdam+Event+Amid+Coronavirus+Concerns&rft.date=2020-03-06&rft.aulast=Hitt&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesportsobserver.com%2Ftwitchcon-amsterdam-canceled%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-360"><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shacknews.com/article/114227/twitch-announces-twitchcon-2020-dates-and-locations">"Twitch announces TwitchCon 2020 dates and locations"</a>. Shacknews. September 27, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190928105752/https://www.shacknews.com/article/114227/twitch-announces-twitchcon-2020-dates-and-locations">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2019. Retrieved January 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shacknews&rft.atitle=Twitch+announces+TwitchCon+2020+dates+and+locations&rft.date=2019-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shacknews.com%2Farticle%2F114227%2Ftwitch-announces-twitchcon-2020-dates-and-locations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATwitch+%28service%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-361"><a href="#cite_ref-361">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrumbore2020" class="citation web cs1">Trumbore, Dave (June 19, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collider.com/twitchcon-2020-cancelled-san-diego/">"TwitchCon 2020 San Diego Event Officially Cancelled"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Collider_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Collider (website)">Collider</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200619180710/https://collider.com/twitchcon-2020-cancelled-san-diego/">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2020. 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-followed_Twitch_channels" title="List of most-followed Twitch channels">Most-followed channels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-subscribed_Twitch_channels" title="List of most-subscribed Twitch channels">Most-subscribed channels</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Livestream</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dream_SMP" title="Dream SMP">Dream SMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half-Life_VR_but_the_AI_Is_Self-Aware" title="Half-Life VR but the AI Is Self-Aware">Half-Life VR but the AI Is Self-Aware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitch_Plays_Pok%C3%A9mon" title="Twitch Plays Pokémon">Twitch Plays Pokémon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Critical_Role" title="Critical Role">Critical Role</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._by_Night" title="L.A. by Night">L.A. by Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Late_Night_Alternative" class="mw-redirect" title="The Late Night Alternative">The Late Night Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Impact_Wrestling_Twitch_specials" title="List of Impact Wrestling Twitch specials">Impact Wrestling Twitch specials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Critical_Role_Productions" title="Critical Role Productions">Critical Role Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_Games" title="Riot Games">Riot Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Twitch_logo_2019.svg/120px-Twitch_logo_2019.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Twitch_logo_2019.svg/180px-Twitch_logo_2019.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Twitch_logo_2019.svg/240px-Twitch_logo_2019.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="171" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Kan" title="Justin Kan">Justin Kan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Shear" title="Emmett Shear">Emmett Shear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Seibel" title="Michael Seibel">Michael Seibel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Vogt" title="Kyle Vogt">Kyle Vogt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By Twitch</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TwitchCon" title="TwitchCon">TwitchCon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitch_Rivals" title="Twitch Rivals">Twitch Rivals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">For charity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friendly_Fire_(event)" title="Friendly Fire (event)">Friendly Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Games_Done_Quick" title="Games Done Quick">Games Done Quick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_Event" title="Z Event">Z Event</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justin.tv" title="Justin.tv">Justin.tv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PogChamp" title="PogChamp">PogChamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Streamer_Awards" title="The Streamer Awards">The Streamer Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitch_Sings" title="Twitch Sings">Twitch Sings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_game_live_streaming_services" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_game_livestreaming_services" title="Template:Video game livestreaming services"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_game_livestreaming_services" title="Template talk:Video game livestreaming services"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_game_livestreaming_services" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video game livestreaming services"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Video_game_live_streaming_services" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_live_streaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game live streaming">Video game live streaming</a> services</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AfreecaTV" class="mw-redirect" title="AfreecaTV">AfreecaTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilibili" title="Bilibili">Bilibili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHZZK" title="CHZZK">CHZZK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DLive" title="DLive">DLive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DouYu" title="DouYu">DouYu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Gaming" title="Facebook Gaming">Facebook Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huya_Live" title="Huya Live">Huya Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kick_(service)" title="Kick (service)">Kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_(service)" title="Steam (service)">Steam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trovo_Live" title="Trovo Live">Trovo Live</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Twitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_Gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube Gaming">YouTube Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YY.com" title="YY.com">YY.com</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azubu" title="Azubu">Azubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine_(service)" title="Caffeine (service)">Caffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitbox_(service)" title="Hitbox (service)">Hitbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixer_(service)" title="Mixer (service)">Mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smashcast" title="Smashcast">Smashcast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cloud_gaming" title="Category:Cloud gaming">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Live_internet_streaming_services" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internet_streaming_services" title="Template:Internet streaming services"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet_streaming_services" title="Template talk:Internet streaming services"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Internet_streaming_services" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Internet streaming services"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Live_internet_streaming_services" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Live <a href="/wiki/Streaming_television" title="Streaming television">internet streaming</a> services</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Livestreaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Livestreaming">Live streaming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AfreecaTV" class="mw-redirect" title="AfreecaTV">AfreecaTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigo_Live" title="Bigo Live">Bigo Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyond_Live" title="Beyond Live">Beyond Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilibili" title="Bilibili">Bilibili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHZZK" title="CHZZK">CHZZK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DLive" title="DLive">DLive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DouYu" title="DouYu">DouYu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Live" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook Live">Facebook Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC2_(portal)" title="FC2 (portal)">FC2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huya_Live" title="Huya Live">Huya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Cloud_Video" title="IBM Cloud Video">IBM Cloud Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KakaoTV" title="KakaoTV">KakaoTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kick_(service)" title="Kick (service)">Kick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odnoklassniki" title="Odnoklassniki">Ok.ru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeerTube" title="PeerTube">PeerTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumble_(company)" title="Rumble (company)">Rumble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showroom_(streaming_service)" title="Showroom (streaming service)">Showroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trovo_Live" title="Trovo Live">Trovo Live</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Twitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimeo_Livestream" title="Vimeo Livestream">Vimeo Livestream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouNow" title="YouNow">YouNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paid television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AbemaTV" class="mw-redirect" title="AbemaTV">AbemaTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMC%2B" title="AMC+">AMC+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirecTV_Stream" title="DirecTV Stream">DirecTV Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxtel_Now" title="Foxtel Now">Foxtel Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frndly_TV" title="Frndly TV">Frndly TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FuboTV" title="FuboTV">FuboTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotstar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotstar">Hotstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulu#Hulu_with_Live_TV" title="Hulu">Hulu with Live TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jio_TV" title="Jio TV">Jio TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount%2B" title="Paramount+">Paramount+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacock_(streaming_service)" title="Peacock (streaming service)">Peacock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_(company)" title="Philo (company)">Philo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RiverTV" title="RiverTV">RiverTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sling_TV" title="Sling TV">Sling TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StackTV" title="StackTV">StackTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVING" title="TVING">TVING</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVPlayer" title="TVPlayer">TVPlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_TV" title="YouTube TV">YouTube TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZEE5" title="ZEE5">ZEE5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Free, ad-supported, television (FAST)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3ABN" class="mw-redirect" title="3ABN">3ABN</a>+</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_TV" title="Pluto TV">Pluto TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sling_TV#Features_and_availability" title="Sling TV">Sling Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirr" title="Stirr">Stirr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubi" title="Tubi">Tubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xumo" title="Xumo">Xumo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aereo" title="Aereo">Aereo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azubu" title="Azubu">Azubu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlogTV" title="BlogTV">BlogTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine_(service)" title="Caffeine (service)">Caffeine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitbox_(service)" title="Hitbox (service)">Hitbox.tv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LocalBTV" title="LocalBTV">LocalBTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locast" title="Locast">Locast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meerkat_(app)" title="Meerkat (app)">Meerkat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixer_(service)" title="Mixer (service)">Mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacock_(streaming_service)" title="Peacock (streaming service)">Peacock Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periscope_(service)" title="Periscope (service)">Periscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vue" title="PlayStation Vue">PlayStation Vue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickam" title="Stickam">Stickam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-Mobile_US#TVision_Home" title="T-Mobile US">TVision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidgo" title="Vidgo">Vidgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_Live" title="V Live">V Live</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:VOD_services" title="Template:VOD services">Streaming video on demand services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puffer_(research_study)" title="Puffer (research study)">Puffer (research study)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Amazon" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Amazon" title="Template:Amazon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Amazon" title="Template talk:Amazon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Amazon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Amazon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Amazon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeff Bezos</a> (Founder and Executive Chairman)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Jassy" title="Andy Jassy">Andy Jassy</a> (President and CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Vogels" title="Werner Vogels">Werner Vogels</a> (CTO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Dalzell" title="Rick Dalzell">Rick Dalzell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Davis_(programmer)" title="Paul Davis (programmer)">Paul Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Hsieh" title="Tony Hsieh">Tony Hsieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_North_(businessman)" title="Christopher North (businessman)">Christopher North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Shriram" title="Ram Shriram">Ram Shriram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Szkutak" title="Tom Szkutak">Tom Szkutak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Valentine" title="Brian Valentine">Brian Valentine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Amazon_locations" title="List of Amazon locations">List of Amazon locations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doppler_(building)" title="Doppler (building)">Doppler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_1_(building)" title="Day 1 (building)">Day 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_HQ2" title="Amazon HQ2">HQ2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principal_Place" title="Principal Place">Principal Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Spheres" title="Amazon Spheres">Spheres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellevue_600" title="Bellevue 600">Bellevue 600</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A9.com" title="A9.com">A9.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AbeBooks" title="AbeBooks">AbeBooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Clinic" title="Amazon Clinic">Amazon Clinic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Games" title="Amazon Games">Amazon Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_Helix_Games" title="Double Helix Games">Double Helix Games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Lab126" title="Amazon Lab126">Amazon Lab126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Pharmacy" title="Amazon Pharmacy">Amazon Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Robotics" title="Amazon Robotics">Amazon Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_University_Esports" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon University Esports">Amazon University Esports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Labs" title="Annapurna Labs">Annapurna Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audible_(service)" title="Audible (service)">Audible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blink_Home" title="Blink Home">Blink Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_Labs" title="Body Labs">Body Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_Depository" title="Book Depository">Book Depository</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BookFinder.com" title="BookFinder.com">BookFinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ComiXology" title="ComiXology">ComiXology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Freevee" title="Amazon Freevee">Freevee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AmazonFresh" class="mw-redirect" title="AmazonFresh">Fresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodreads" title="Goodreads">Goodreads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goodreads_Choice_Awards" title="Goodreads Choice Awards">Goodreads Choice Awards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphiq" title="Graphiq">Graphiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMDb#IMDbPro" title="IMDb">IMDbPro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_Systems" title="Kuiper Systems">Kuiper Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1Life_Healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="1Life Healthcare">One Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PillPack" title="PillPack">PillPack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_(company)" title="Ring (company)">Ring</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neighbors_(app)" title="Neighbors (app)">Neighbors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopbop" title="Shopbop">Shopbop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souq.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Souq.com">Souq.com</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Twitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woot" title="Woot">Woot.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappos" title="Zappos">Zappos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoox_(company)" title="Zoox (company)">Zoox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cloud computing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Web Services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Machine_Image" title="Amazon Machine Image">AMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Aurora" title="Amazon Aurora">Amazon Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWS_Elastic_Beanstalk" title="AWS Elastic Beanstalk">Beanstalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_CloudFront" title="Amazon CloudFront">CloudFront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_DynamoDB" title="Amazon DynamoDB">DynamoDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_Block_Store" title="Amazon Elastic Block Store">EBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_Compute_Cloud" title="Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud">EC2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_File_System" title="Amazon Elastic File System">EFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_ElastiCache" title="Amazon ElastiCache">ElastiCache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Elastic_MapReduce" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Elastic MapReduce">EMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Glacier" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Glacier">Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWS_Glue" title="AWS Glue">Glue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWS_Lambda" title="AWS Lambda">Lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Lightsail" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Lightsail">Lightsail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Mechanical_Turk" title="Amazon Mechanical Turk">MTurk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Neptune" title="Amazon Neptune">Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Product_Advertising_API" title="Amazon Product Advertising API">Product Advertising API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Relational_Database_Service" title="Amazon Relational Database Service">RDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Redshift" title="Amazon Redshift">Redshift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Rekognition" title="Amazon Rekognition">Rekognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Route_53" title="Amazon Route 53">Route 53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_S3" title="Amazon S3">S3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_SageMaker" title="Amazon SageMaker">SageMaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">SES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Simple_Notification_Service" title="Amazon Simple Notification Service">SNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_SimpleDB" title="Amazon SimpleDB">SimpleDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Simple_Queue_Service" title="Amazon Simple Queue Service">SQS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Virtual_Private_Cloud" title="Amazon Virtual Private Cloud">VPC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)#Website" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon.com</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_China" title="Amazon China">China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Alexa" title="Amazon Alexa">Alexa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Appstore" title="Amazon Appstore">Appstore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Digital_Game_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Digital Game Store">Digital Game Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_OS" title="Fire OS">Fire OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindle_Store" title="Kindle Store">Kindle Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Luna" title="Amazon Luna">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Pay" title="Amazon Pay">Payments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime" title="Amazon Prime">Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_miniTV" title="Amazon miniTV">Amazon miniTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MX_Player" title="MX Player">MX Player</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Key" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Key">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Prime Music">Prime Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Now" title="Prime Now">Prime Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Pantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Prime Pantry">Prime Pantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Amazon Prime Video">Prime Video</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sports_on_Amazon_Prime_Video" title="Sports on Amazon Prime Video">Sports</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Marketplace" title="Amazon Marketplace">Marketplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Music" title="Amazon Music">Music</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wondery" title="Wondery">Wondery</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Silk" title="Amazon Silk">Silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)#AmazonWireless" title="Amazon (company)">Wireless</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Astro" title="Amazon Astro">Astro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Echo" title="Amazon Echo">Echo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Echo_Show" title="Amazon Echo Show">Show</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Echo_Buds" title="Amazon Echo Buds">Echo Buds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire" title="Amazon Fire">Fire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_HD" title="Fire HD">Fire HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_HDX" title="Fire HDX">Fire HDX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire_TV" title="Amazon Fire TV">Fire TV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fire_TV#Fire_TV_Stick" title="Amazon Fire TV">Stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Kindle" title="Amazon Kindle">Kindle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1-Click" title="1-Click">1-Click</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamo_(storage_system)" title="Dynamo (storage system)">Dynamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obidos_(software)" title="Obidos (software)">Obidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Lumberyard" title="Amazon Lumberyard">Lumberyard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Games" title="Amazon Games">Amazon Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Publishing" title="Amazon Publishing">Amazon Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Breakthrough_Novel_Award" title="Amazon Breakthrough Novel Award">Breakthrough Novel Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon%27s_Best_Books_of_the_Year" title="Amazon's Best Books of the Year">Best Books of the Year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_MGM_Studios" title="Amazon MGM Studios">Amazon MGM Studios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Pictures" title="Orion Pictures">Orion Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_International_Pictures" title="American International Pictures">American International Pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM%2B" title="MGM+">MGM+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindle_Direct_Publishing" title="Kindle Direct Publishing">Kindle Direct Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YES_Network" title="YES Network">YES Network</a> (15%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fresh" title="Amazon Fresh">Amazon Fresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Go" title="Amazon Go">Amazon Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Logistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Air" title="Amazon Air">Amazon Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime_Air" title="Amazon Prime Air">Amazon Prime Air</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/43_Things" title="43 Things">43 Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askville" title="Askville">Askville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexa_Internet" title="Alexa Internet">Alexa Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amapedia" title="Amapedia">Amapedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Books" title="Amazon Books">Amazon Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amie_Street" title="Amie Street">Amie Street</a> (<a href="/wiki/Songza" title="Songza">Songza</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDNow" title="CDNow">CDNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Dash" title="Amazon Dash">Dash buttons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Dash#Barcode_scanner" title="Amazon Dash">Dash wand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diapers.com" title="Diapers.com">Diapers.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Photography_Review" title="Digital Photography Review">Digital Photography Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Drive" title="Amazon Drive">Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endless.com" title="Endless.com">Endless.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Phone" title="Fire Phone">Fire Phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexcycle" title="Lexcycle">Lexcycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquavista" title="Liquavista">Liquavista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LivingSocial" title="LivingSocial">LivingSocial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LoveFilm" title="LoveFilm">LoveFilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM_Holdings" title="MGM Holdings">MGM Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobipocket" title="Mobipocket">Mobipocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlanetAll" title="PlanetAll">PlanetAll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflexive_Entertainment" title="Reflexive Entertainment">Reflexive Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sellaband" title="Sellaband">Sellaband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelfari" title="Shelfari">Shelfari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TenMarks_Education,_Inc." title="TenMarks Education, Inc.">TenMarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Truck" title="Treasure Truck">Treasure Truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withoutabox" title="Withoutabox">Withoutabox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Litigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_10,_Inc._v._Amazon.com,_Inc." title="Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.">Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon.com,_Inc._v._Barnesandnoble.com,_Inc." title="Amazon.com, Inc. v. Barnesandnoble.com, Inc.">Amazon.com, Inc. v. Barnesandnoble.com, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon.com_Inc_v_Canada_(Commissioner_of_Patents)" title="Amazon.com Inc v Canada (Commissioner of Patents)">Amazon.com Inc v Canada (Commissioner of Patents)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTC_v._Amazon" title="FTC v. Amazon">FTC v. Amazon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Light" title="Amazon Light">Amazon Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Banana_Stand" title="Community Banana Stand">Community Banana Stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Amazon" title="Criticism of Amazon">Criticism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amazon_tax" title="Amazon tax">tax</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Fishbowl" title="Amazon Fishbowl">Fishbowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Amazon" title="History of Amazon">History of Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LibraryThing" title="LibraryThing">LibraryThing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Amazon_brands" title="List of Amazon brands">List of Amazon brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Amazon_products_and_services" title="List of Amazon products and services">List of Amazon products and services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Amazon" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Amazon">List of mergers and acquisitions by Amazon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Locker" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Locker">Locker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacKenzie_Scott" title="MacKenzie Scott">MacKenzie Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistically_improbable_phrase" title="Statistically improbable phrase">Statistically improbable phrase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Vine" title="Amazon Vine">Vine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_worker_organization" title="Amazon worker organization">Worker organization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Essential_Workers" title="Congress of Essential Workers">Congress of Essential Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Labor_Union" title="Amazon Labor Union">Amazon Labor Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Amazon_(company)" title="Category:Amazon (company)">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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