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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tiny_tables_within_a_text_line" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tiny_tables_within_a_text_line"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tiny tables within a text line</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tiny_tables_within_a_text_line-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moving_or_exchanging_columns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moving_or_exchanging_columns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Moving or exchanging columns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moving_or_exchanging_columns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_non-bug_in_HTML" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_non-bug_in_HTML"> 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solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/30px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/45px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/60px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This help page is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace#Wikipedia_how-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">how-to guide</a>.</b><br/><div style="font-size: 90%;">It explains concepts or processes used by the Wikipedia community. It is not one of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>, and may reflect varying levels of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:ADTABLE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:ADTABLE&redirect=no">WP:ADTABLE</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"><table class="box-Accessibility_dispute plainlinks ombox ombox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antu-preferences-desktop-accessibility-32.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Antu-preferences-desktop-accessibility-32.svg/40px-Antu-preferences-desktop-accessibility-32.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Antu-preferences-desktop-accessibility-32.svg/60px-Antu-preferences-desktop-accessibility-32.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Antu-preferences-desktop-accessibility-32.svg/80px-Antu-preferences-desktop-accessibility-32.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">accessibility</a> of this essay is in question</b>. The specific issue is: <b>Many of these methods <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ACCESS#Layout_tables" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ACCESS">use tables for layout purposes</a></b>. Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Advanced_table_formatting" title="Help talk:Advanced table formatting">talk page</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are several <b>advanced table formatting techniques</b> to improve the display or editing of wikitables in Wikipedia. Most of the tips involve use of standard text-editors. While some special software packages exist, to allow customized editing, they are typically not available when travelling to other computers for wiki-editing. </p><p>Some techniques here are beyond the basics described in the Wikipedia help-page "<a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Help:Table</a>" which explains almost all basic options of table formatting, also showing examples of each. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="A_quick_multi-column_table_with_spacing" data-mw-thread-id="h-A_quick_multi-column_table_with_spacing"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-A_quick_multi-column_table_with_spacing"></span>A quick multi-column table with spacing<span data-mw-comment-end="h-A_quick_multi-column_table_with_spacing"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Advanced_table_formatting&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: A quick multi-column table with spacing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The quickest way to create multiple columns of text is as follows: </p> <table cellpadding="5" style="margin:7px 50px 0 50px; float:right; border:0px"> <tbody><tr> <td>AA</td> <td>BB</td> <td>CC </td></tr> <tr> <td>DD</td> <td>EE</td> <td>FF </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">cellpadding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">5</span> <span class="p">|</span>AA <span class="p">||</span> BB <span class="p">||</span> CC <span class="p">|-</span> <span class="p">|</span>DD <span class="p">||</span> EE <span class="p">||</span> FF <span class="p">|}</span> </pre></div> <p>However, readers often prefer a vertical listing of data, down each column.<br/>A border can be added with style="border:1px solid #BBB": </p> <table cellpadding="5" style="margin:7px 50px 0 50px; float:right; border:1px solid #BBB"> <tbody><tr> <td>AA</td> <td>CC</td> <td>EE </td></tr> <tr> <td>BB</td> <td>DD</td> <td>FF </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">cellpadding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"border:1px solid #BBB"</span> <span class="p">|</span>AA <span class="p">||</span> CC <span class="p">||</span> EE <span class="p">|-</span> <span class="p">|</span>BB <span class="p">||</span> DD <span class="p">||</span> FF <span class="p">|}</span> </pre></div> <p>Note that the default background color is lighter, so a shade of light-bluegreen can be specified on each row, using hex-color code "#fafeff" (or <small>"#FAFEFF"</small>), although the color might not matter in large lists: </p> <table cellpadding="5" style="margin:7px 50px 0 50px; float:right; border:1px solid #BBB"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#fafeff"> <td>AA</td> <td>CC</td> <td>EE </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#fafeff"> <td>BB</td> <td>DD</td> <td>FF </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">cellpadding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"border:1px solid #BBB"</span> <span class="p">|-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">bgcolor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"#fafeff"</span> <span class="p">|</span>AA <span class="p">||</span> CC <span class="p">||</span> EE <span class="p">|-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">bgcolor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"#fafeff"</span> <span class="p">|</span>BB <span class="p">||</span> DD <span class="p">||</span> FF <span class="p">|}</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Compressing_to_one-line_row_format" data-mw-thread-id="h-Compressing_to_one-line_row_format"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Compressing_to_one-line_row_format"></span>Compressing to one-line row format<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Compressing_to_one-line_row_format"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Advanced_table_formatting&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Compressing to one-line row format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The wikitext for any one row can be compressed onto a single line by joining columns with double-bars "||" between them and ending each row with "<code class="nowrap" style=""><tr></code>".</p><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">::</span>Example row 1: |<span class="ge">''fmtspec''</span>|AA||<span class="ge">''fmtspec''</span>|CC||<span class="ge">''fmtspec''</span>|EE<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">tr</span><span class="p">></span> <span class="k">::</span>Example row 2: |<span class="ge">''fmtspec''</span>|BB||<span class="ge">''fmtspec''</span>|DD||<span class="ge">''fmtspec''</span>|FF<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">tr</span><span class="p">></span> </pre></div> <dl><dd><dl><dd>(The <i>fmtspec</i> can be bgcolor=beige or style="font-size:91%" etc.)</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>This is done sometimes because it can be easier to re-arrange or preview rows that are coded as separate lines of text. Multiple columns are joined by double-bars "||" between them, while each single-bar "|" along a line allows a format-specifier before each data-item which ends at a double-bar. However, the wikitable code for a new row, bar-dash ("|-"), must be omitted by adding "<code class="nowrap" style=""><tr></code>" at the <i>end</i> of the prior row above it. The final row does not need an ending "<code class="nowrap" style=""><tr></code>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Floating_images_in_the_center" data-mw-thread-id="h-Floating_images_in_the_center"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Floating_images_in_the_center"></span>Floating images in the center<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Floating_images_in_the_center"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Advanced_table_formatting&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Floating images in the center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A table can be used to wrap an image, so that the table can float towards the center of the page (such as using: style="float: right;"). However, the table margins, border and font-size must be precisely set to match a typical image display. The Image-spec parameter "thumb|" (although auto-thumbnailing to user-preference width) forces a wide left-margin that squeezes the nearby text, so the parameter "center|" can be added to suppress the left-margin padding. However, "center" sometimes shoves the caption to a 2nd line (under a centered box "[]"), so "thumb|" could be omitted and just hard-code the image size, adding a gray (#BBB) border. Using precise parameters to match other images, a floating-image table can be coded as follows: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"float:right; border:1px solid #BBB;margin:.46em 0 0 .2em"</span> <span class="p">|-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"font-size:86%"</span> <span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"vertical-align:top"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|[[</span><span class="nn">File</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nt">DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg</span><span class="p">|</span>180px<span class="p">]]</span><span class="cm"></span><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">br</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">/></span> Temple of <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nt">Bel (mythology)</span><span class="p">|</span>Bel<span class="p">]]</span> (floating). <span class="p">|}</span> </pre></div> <p>The text inside the floating-table is sized by style="font-size:86%" (similar in size to the regular image captions). That floating-image table floats a typical image-box, but also allows adjusting the left-hand margin of the image (see temple-example floating below). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Infobox A</th><td class="infobox-data">This sample infobox shows how the floating image-box aligns toward the center.</td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="float:right; border:1px solid #BBB;margin:.46em 0 0 .2em"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:86%"> <td valign="top"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/180px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/270px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/360px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"/></a></span><br/> Temple of <a href="/wiki/Bel_(mythology)" title="Bel (mythology)">Bel</a> (floating). </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="float:right; clear:right; border: 1px solid black; margin-left:0.4em; margin-top:1.7em;"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/170px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/255px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/340px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"/></a><figcaption>This box shows implicit margins of [[File:... |right]]</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="float:right; clear:right; border: 1px solid black; margin-left:0.4em; margin-top:0.4em;"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/170px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/255px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/340px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"/></a><figcaption>This box shows implicit margins of [[File:... |left]]</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The caption-text could be omitted, or just remove the parameter "thumb|" so the caption will be hidden until shown by "mouse-over display". Unfortunately the parameter "thumb|" (used for displaying the caption) also controls the auto-thumbnailing to re-size images by user-preferences size (default thumbnail size was 180px, then after 2009, became 220px). In March 2010, it was not possible to have auto-thumbnail sizing while also concealing the caption: instead, parameter "thumb|" triggers both actions and forces the caption to display underneath the image. </p><p>An image set with parameter "left|" will gain a wide right-side margin (opposite margin of parameter "right|"), so floating toward the left would require an image set as "center|" inside a table with style="float:left; margin:0.46em 0.2em". </p><p>Recall that, outside an image-table, the parameter "right|" causes an image to align (either) above or below an infobox, but would not float alongside the infobox. For that reason, many images beside an infobox are typically set as "left|" to align along the left-margin, rather than floated into the center of the page. </p><p>Note the <i>order of precedence</i> from the right margin: first, come infoboxes or images using "right|", then come the floating-tables, and lastly, any text will wrap that can still fit. If the first text-word is too long, no text will fit to complete the left-hand side, so beware creating a "ragged left margin" when not enough space remains for text to fit alongside floating-tables. </p><p>If multiple single image-tables are stacked, they will float to align across the page, depending on page-width. The text will be squeezed to allow as many floating-tables as can fit, as auto-aligned, then wrap whatever text (can still fit) at the left-hand side. </p> <table style="float:right; margin-left:0.2em; border:1px solid #BBB"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:87%"> <td valign="top"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/105px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/158px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/210px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"/></a></span><br/>...by float:right </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="float:right; margin-left:0.2em; border:1px solid #BBB"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:87%"> <td valign="top"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/105px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/158px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/210px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"/></a></span><br/> ...images wrap... </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="float:right; margin-left:0.2em; border:1px solid #BBB"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:87%"> <td valign="top"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/105px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/158px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/210px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"/></a></span><br/>All these... </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>That auto-aligning feature can be used to create a "floating-gallery" of images: a set of 20 floating-tables will wrap (backward, right-to-left) as if each table were a word of text to wrap across and down the page. To wrap in the typical direction (wrapping left-to-right) define all those floating-tables, instead, as left-side tables using the top parameter style="float:left; margin:0.46em 0.2em". Multiple floating-images empower more flexible typesetting of images around the text. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shifting/centering" data-mw-thread-id="h-Shifting/centering-Floating_images_in_the_center"><span id="Shifting.2Fcentering"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Shifting/centering-Floating_images_in_the_center"></span>Shifting/centering<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Shifting/centering-Floating_images_in_the_center"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Advanced_table_formatting&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Shifting/centering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Images within a wikitable can be shifted by inserting non-breaking spaces (<code>&nbsp;</code>) before or after the image code (e.g., <span class="nowrap"><code>&nbsp;[[File:...]]</code>)</span>. However, auto-centering simply requires use of the <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|center</code> parameter (see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax#Location" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">WP:Extended image syntax#Location</a>). </p><p>In the example below, note how Col2 uses <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|center</code>, but Col3 uses <code>&nbsp;</code>: </p> <pre> {| class="wikitable" |- |[[File:Domtoren vanaf Brigittenstraat.jpg|299x125px]] |[[File:Utrecht 003.jpg|299x125px|<b>center</b>]] |<b>&nbsp;</b>[[File:Uitzicht--Domtoren.jpg|299x125px]]&nbsp; |- |Dom tower from Brigittenstraat |Cloister garth of the Utrecht Dom Church |&nbsp;&nbsp;<small>View from bell tower</small> |} </pre> <p>The above coding generates the table below: note the middle garden image is centered (but not the left image), and the right image has 2 spaces before "View...", to give an approximation of centering: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Domtoren_vanaf_Brigittenstraat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Domtoren_vanaf_Brigittenstraat.jpg/167px-Domtoren_vanaf_Brigittenstraat.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Domtoren_vanaf_Brigittenstraat.jpg/251px-Domtoren_vanaf_Brigittenstraat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Domtoren_vanaf_Brigittenstraat.jpg/333px-Domtoren_vanaf_Brigittenstraat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728"/></a></span> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Utrecht_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Utrecht_003.jpg/167px-Utrecht_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Utrecht_003.jpg/251px-Utrecht_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Utrecht_003.jpg/333px-Utrecht_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Uitzicht_vanaf_de_Domtoren.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Uitzicht_vanaf_de_Domtoren.jpg/167px-Uitzicht_vanaf_de_Domtoren.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Uitzicht_vanaf_de_Domtoren.jpg/251px-Uitzicht_vanaf_de_Domtoren.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Uitzicht_vanaf_de_Domtoren.jpg/333px-Uitzicht_vanaf_de_Domtoren.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"/></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dom tower from Brigittenstraat </td> <td>Cloister garth of the Utrecht Dom Church </td> <td> <small>View from bell tower</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Also note that the tag <code class="nowrap" style=""><small>...</small></code> made a smaller-text-size caption. Fonts also can be sized by percent (<code>style="font-size: 87%;"</code>), where the exact percent-size as displayed depends on the various sizes allowed for a particular font; the browser will approximate to the nearest possible size. </p> <pre> | style="font-size: 87%;" | View from bell tower </pre> <p>The column attribute, above, uses <code>style=</code> to set the font size for the caption, following the second pipe symbol. </p><p>A <code>font-size: 65%;</code> is excessively small, while <code>font-size: 87%;</code> is a mid-size font, slightly larger than that produced by the tag <code class="nowrap" style=""><small></code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="More_complex_examples" data-mw-thread-id="h-More_complex_examples"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-More_complex_examples"></span>More complex examples<span data-mw-comment-end="h-More_complex_examples"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Advanced_table_formatting&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: More complex examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mélange" data-mw-thread-id="h-Mélange-More_complex_examples"><span id="M.C3.A9lange"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Mélange-More_complex_examples"></span>Mélange<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Mélange-More_complex_examples"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Advanced_table_formatting&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mélange"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Note: This example is not <a href="/wiki/MOS:ACCESS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:ACCESS">accessible</a>, and should be avoided as much as possible. For example, nested tables (tables inside tables) should be separated into distinct tables when possible.</i> </p><p>Here is a more advanced example, showing some more options available for making up tables. </p><p>Users can play with these settings in their own table to see what effect they have. Not all of these techniques may be appropriate in all cases; just because colored backgrounds can be added, for example, does not mean it is always a good idea. Try to keep the markup in tables relatively simple—remember, other people are going to be editing the article too! This example should give an idea of what is possible, though. </p> <div style="border: 2px solid; padding: 3px;"> <p><b>Wikitext:</b> </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="linenos" data-line="1"></span>Text before centered table... <span class="linenos" data-line="2"></span><span class="p">{|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"border: 1px solid black; border-spacing: 0; margin: 1em auto;"</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="3"></span><span class="p">|+</span><span class="gh"> '''An example table'''</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="4"></span><span class="p">|-</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="5"></span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px; background: #efefef;"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="gu"> First header</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="6"></span><span class="p">!</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">colspan</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"2"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px; background: #ffdead;"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="gu"> Second header</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="7"></span><span class="p">|-</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="8"></span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px;"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span> Upper left <span class="linenos" data-line="9"></span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px;"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span> Upper middle <span class="linenos" data-line="10"></span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">rowspan</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"2"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"border: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 3px solid grey; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="11"></span>Right side <span class="linenos" data-line="12"></span><span class="p">|-</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="13"></span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"border: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 3px solid grey; padding: 5px;"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span> Lower left <span class="linenos" data-line="14"></span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"border: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 3px solid grey; padding: 5px;"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span> Lower middle <span class="linenos" data-line="15"></span><span class="p">|-</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="16"></span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">colspan</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"3"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="17"></span>Text before a nested table... <span class="hll"><span class="linenos" data-line="18"></span><span class="p">{|</span> </span><span class="hll"><span class="linenos" data-line="19"></span><span class="p">|+</span><span class="gh"> ''A table in a table''</span> </span><span class="hll"><span class="linenos" data-line="20"></span><span class="p">|-</span> </span><span class="hll"><span class="linenos" data-line="21"></span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"text-align: center; width: 150px;"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nn">File</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nt">Wiki.png</span><span class="p">]]</span> </span><span class="hll"><span class="linenos" data-line="22"></span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"text-align: center; width: 150px;"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nn">File</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nt">Wiki.png</span><span class="p">]]</span> </span><span class="hll"><span class="linenos" data-line="23"></span><span class="p">|-</span> </span><span class="hll"><span class="linenos" data-line="24"></span><span class="p">|</span> colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: 1px solid red;<span class="cm"></span> border-right: 1px solid red; border-bottom: 2px solid red;<span class="cm"></span> border-left: 1px solid red;" | </span><span class="hll"><span class="linenos" data-line="27"></span>Two Wikipedia logos </span><span class="hll"><span class="linenos" data-line="28"></span><span class="p">|}</span> </span><span class="linenos" data-line="29"></span>...text after a nested table <span class="linenos" data-line="30"></span><span class="p">|}</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="31"></span>...text after centered table </pre></div></div> <p><b>As it appears in a browser:</b> </p> <div style="background: white; border: 2px solid; padding: 2px;"> <p>Text before centered table... </p> <table style="border: 1px solid black; border-spacing: 0; margin: 1em auto;"> <caption><b>An example table</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px; background: #efefef;">First header </th> <th colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px; background: #ffdead;">Second header </th></tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px;">Upper left </td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px;">Upper middle </td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 3px solid grey; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"> <p>Right side </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 3px solid grey; padding: 5px;">Lower left </td> <td style="border: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 3px solid grey; padding: 5px;">Lower middle </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;"> <p>Text before a nested table... </p> <table> <caption><i>A table in a table</i> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Wiki.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155"/></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center; width: 150px;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Wiki.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155"/></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: 1px solid red; border-right: 1px solid red; border-bottom: 2px solid red; border-left: 1px solid red;"> <p>Two Wikipedia logos </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>...text after a nested table </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>...text after centered table </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Center-floating_images" data-mw-thread-id="h-Center-floating_images-More_complex_examples"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Center-floating_images-More_complex_examples"></span>Center-floating images<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Center-floating_images-More_complex_examples"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Advanced_table_formatting&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Center-floating images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A table can be used to wrap an image, so that the table can float towards the center of the page (such as using: <code>style="float: right;"</code>). However, the table margins, border and font-size must be precisely set to match a typical image display. The File-spec parameter <code>|thumb</code> (although auto-thumbnailing to user-preference width) forces a wide left-margin that squeezes the nearby text, so the parameter <code>|center</code> can be added to suppress the left-margin padding. However, <code>|center</code> sometimes shoves the caption to a 2nd line (under a centered box "[]"), so <code>|thumb</code> could be omitted and just hard-code the image size, adding a gray (#BBB) border. Using precise parameters to match other images, a floating-image table can be coded as follows: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"float: right; border: 1px solid #BBB; margin: .46em 0 0 .2em;"</span> <span class="p">|-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"font-size: 86%;"</span> <span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"vertical-align: top;"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|[[</span><span class="nn">File</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nt">DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg</span><span class="p">|</span>180px<span class="p">]]</span><span class="cm"></span><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">br</span><span class="p">></span> Temple of <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nt">Bel (mythology)</span><span class="p">|</span>Bel<span class="p">]]</span> (floating) <span class="p">|}</span> </pre></div> <p>The text inside the floating table is sized by <code>style="font-size: 86%;"</code>. That floating-image table floats a typical image box, but allows adjusting the left-hand margin of the image (see temple-example floating below). </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 90px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">This sample infobox shows how the floating image box aligns toward the center.</td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="float: right; border: 1px solid #BBB; margin: .46em 0 0 .2em;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 86%;"> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/180px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/270px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/360px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"/></a></span><br/> Temple of <a href="/wiki/Bel_(mythology)" title="Bel (mythology)">Bel</a> (floating) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="float: right; clear:right; border: 1px dashed black;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/220px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/330px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/440px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"/></a><figcaption>The dashed border around this table shows the implicit margins of Images using "thumb|right".</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The caption text can be omitted, or remove the parameter "thumb|" so the caption is hidden until "mouse-over display". Unfortunately the parameter <code>|thumb</code> (used for displaying the caption) also controls the auto-thumbnailing to re-size images by user-preferences size. To have auto-thumbnail sizing while also concealing the caption, use <code>|frameless|right</code> instead of <code>|thumb</code>. </p><p>An image set with parameter <code>|left</code> has a wide right-side margin (opposite margin of parameter <code>|right</code>), so floating toward the left can be achieved with an image set as <code>|center</code> inside a table with style="float:left; margin:0.46em 0.2em;". </p><p>Recall that, outside an image-table, the parameter <code>|right</code> causes an image to align (either) above or below an infobox, but would not float alongside the infobox. </p><p>Note the <em>order of precedence</em>: first come infoboxes or images using <code>|right</code>, then come the floating tables, and lastly, any text wraps that can still fit. If the first word of the text is too long, no text will fit to complete the left-hand side, so beware creating a "ragged left margin" when not enough space remains for text to fit alongside floating tables. </p><p>If multiple single-image tables are stacked, they float to align across the page, depending on page width. The text squeezes to allow as many floating tables as can fit, as auto-aligned, then wrap whatever text can still fit at the left-hand side. </p> <table style="float: right; margin-left:0.2em; border: 1px solid #BBB;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 87%;"> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/105px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/158px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/210px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"/></a></span><br/>...by float: right </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="float: right; margin-left:0.2em; border: 1px solid #BBB;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 87%;"> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/105px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/158px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/210px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"/></a></span><br/> ...images wrap... </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="float: right; margin-left:0.2em; border: 1px solid #BBB;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 87%;"> <td style="vertical-align: top;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/105px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/158px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg/210px-DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"/></a></span><br/>All these... </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>That auto-aligning feature can be used to create a "floating gallery" of images: a set of 20 floating tables wrap (backward, right-to-left), as if each table were a word of text to wrap across and down the page. To wrap in the typical direction (wrapping left-to-right) define all those floating tables, instead, as left-side tables using the top parameter <code>style="float:left; margin:0.46em 0.2em;"</code>. Multiple floating images empower more flexible typesetting of images around the text. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Undenting/bracketing_of_text" data-mw-thread-id="h-Undenting/bracketing_of_text"><span id="Undenting.2Fbracketing_of_text"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Undenting/bracketing_of_text"></span>Undenting/bracketing of text<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Undenting/bracketing_of_text"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Advanced_table_formatting&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Undenting/bracketing of text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Real typesetting software, for over 30 years, typically has had simple directives to trigger alignments as left, right, center, or <i>undented</i> (beyond the left-margin line). However, for decades, HTML has had only limited options for easy alignment (one: <code class="nowrap" style=""><center></code>, which is now deprecated). A method for undenting the first word of a paragraph is to put the paragraph into a text-table, where the first word (or syllable) is (alone) in column 1, while the other text is in column 2. </p> <dl><dd><dl><dt>Wikicode</dt> <dd><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">table</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">cellspacing</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">cellpadding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">0</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">tr</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">td</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">valign</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">top</span><span class="p">></span>Bee<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">td</span><span class="p">></span>thoven composed the <span class="p">[[</span><span class="nt">Moonlight Sonata</span><span class="p">]]<</span><span class="nt">br</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">/></span>while he was losing his hearing.<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">table</span><span class="p">></span> </pre></div></dd> <dt>Results</dt> <dd><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top">Bee</td><td>thoven composed the <a href="/wiki/Moonlight_Sonata" class="mw-redirect" title="Moonlight Sonata">Moonlight Sonata</a><br/>while he was losing his hearing.</td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Note the use of both "<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0</code>" so as to not separate the spacing between the first syllable "Bee" and "thoven". </p><p>A third column can be used to enclose text in outside brackets, then putting the closing-bracket "]" in column 3, as follows: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dt>Wikicode</dt> <dd><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">table</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">tr</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">td</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">valign</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">top</span><span class="p">></span>[<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">td</span><span class="p">></span>This is line 1.<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">br</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">/></span>Line 2.<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">td</span><span class="p">></span>]<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">table</span><span class="p">></span> </pre></div></dd> <dt>Results</dt> <dd><table><tbody><tr><td valign="top">[</td><td>This is line 1.<br/>Line 2.</td><td valign="bottom">]</td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Tiny_tables_within_a_text_line" data-mw-thread-id="h-Tiny_tables_within_a_text_line"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Tiny_tables_within_a_text_line"></span>Tiny tables within a text line<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Tiny_tables_within_a_text_line"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Advanced_table_formatting&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tiny tables within a text line"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For years in HTML, a table has always forced an implicit line-wrap (or <i>line-break</i>). So, to keep a table within a line, the workaround is to put the whole line into a table, then embed a table within a table, using the outer table to force the whole line to stay together. Consider the following examples: </p> <dl><dt>Wikicode (<i>showing table forces line-break</i>)</dt> <dd><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>* This is a test table here <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">table</span> <span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"border:1px solid black"</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">tr</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">td</span><span class="p">></span>HELLO WORLD<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">table</span><span class="p">></span> followed by this text afterward. </pre></div></dd> <dt>Result</dt> <dd> <ul><li>This is a test table here <table style="border:1px solid black"><tbody><tr><td>HELLO WORLD</td></tr></tbody></table> followed by this text afterward.</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Wikicode (<i>table-within-table</i>)</dt> <dd><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>* <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">table</span> <span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"background-color:#fafeff"</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">tr</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">td</span><span class="p">></span>This is a test table here<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">td</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">table</span> <span class="na">height</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">11px</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">tr</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">td</span> <span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"border:1px solid black; font-size:60%"</span><span class="p">></span>HELLO WORLD<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">table</span><span class="p">></</span><span class="nt">td</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">td</span><span class="p">></span>followed by this text afterward.<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">table</span><span class="p">></span> This line is more text after the outer table. </pre></div></dd> <dt>Result</dt> <dd> <ul><li><table style="background-color:#fafeff"><tbody><tr><td>This is a test table here</td><td><table><tbody><tr><td style="border:1px solid black; font-size:60%">HELLO WORLD</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td>followed by this text afterward.</td></tr></tbody></table> This line is more text after the outer table.</li></ul></dd></dl> <p>Use style="font-size:60%" to shrink the text within the box. However, the small text could be replaced with small images (aligned inside the inner table). The outer table is for 1 line only, so to make a 2nd line appear even, the exact length of line 1 must be pre-determined, to match the length of other lines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Moving_or_exchanging_columns" data-mw-thread-id="h-Moving_or_exchanging_columns"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Moving_or_exchanging_columns"></span>Moving or exchanging columns<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Moving_or_exchanging_columns"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Advanced_table_formatting&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Moving or exchanging columns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sometimes columns of data need to be listed in a different order, such as different contents in the 2nd column. Yet, because a wikitable is coded in markup language, the columns cannot simply be dragged across the screen as with a column-oriented editor. Instead, the harsh reality is that the tedious hand-editing of each cell, within a row, is often required as the fastest solution, in the long run. </p><p>However, some text editors do allow a repetition-loop to be defined to locate and shift every 7th line or such, as a repeated pattern that could re-arrange the columns in a large table. In another method sometimes used, every data-item is first prefixed with an alphabetic code, hand-coded for the eventual sequence, then those lines are sorted, and afterward all the leading-text prefixes are removed. Sorting can be done in separate files, such as using a DOS-prompt command: <code>SORT myfile.DAT > myfile2.DAT</code>, or else use a text-editor such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=NoteTab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NoteTab (page does not exist)">NoteTab</a>, which has a modify-lines-sort option. Edit-tricks are most useful when multiple tables must be changed, then the time needed to develop complex edit-patterns can be applied to each table. For each table, insert an alpha-prefix on each column (making each row-token "|-" to sort as column zero, like prefix "Row124col00"), then sort into a new file, and then de-prefix the column entries. </p><p>Again, bear in mind, the tedious hand-editing of items in each row is often faster than the potential delay of automated edits gone awry. If just 2 columns are being swapped within 1 table, then cut/paste editing (of those column entries) is typically faster than column-prefixing, sorting and de-prefixing. </p><p>Another alternative is to copy the entire table from the displayed page, paste the text into a spreadsheet, move the columns as you will. Then reconstruct the table lines with a formula. This formula handles a three column table, reconstructing a single line. Editors can copy the line for each line of the table, then copy the formula rows back to the editing page. </p> <pre> =A1&" || "&A2&" || "&A3&"<tr>" </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="A_non-bug_in_HTML" data-mw-thread-id="h-A_non-bug_in_HTML"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-A_non-bug_in_HTML"></span>A non-bug in HTML<span data-mw-comment-end="h-A_non-bug_in_HTML"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Advanced_table_formatting&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: A non-bug in HTML"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If you use tables for two-dimensional graphics you might discover a "feature" in HTML that promotes grey hair. It can affect both rows and columns, depending on the use of either <i>rowspan</i> or <i>colspan</i>. </p><p>In this 7-row table three cells have the height of 3 rows, but the total is 6 rows. Where is row 4? There is a row 5-4! </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>reference </th></tr> <tr> <td>row one </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">row two </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffebd2">row three </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #fff0f0">row four </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffeeff">row five </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #f0fff0">row six </td></tr> <tr> <td>row seven </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">example </th></tr> <tr> <td>row one </td> <td>row one </td> <td>row one </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffe6;" valign="top" rowspan="3"><b>row two</b><br/>3 rows </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6">row two </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6">row two </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffebd2" valign="top" rowspan="3"><b>row three</b><br/>3 rows </td> <td style="background: #ffebd2">row three </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #fff0f0" valign="top" rowspan="3"><b>row four</b><br/>3 rows </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffeeff">row five </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #f0fff0">row six </td> <td style="background: #f0fff0">row six </td></tr> <tr> <td>row seven </td> <td>row seven </td> <td>row seven </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The answer is that when the table has a row without containing any rowspan=1 cell, this row is "compressed" upwards and disappears. </p><p><b>Solution</b>: divide one of the tall cells so that the row gets one rowspan=1 cell (and don't mind the eventual loss of text-centering). Then kill the border between them. Don't forget to fill the cell with nothing (<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Zwsp" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Zwsp">zwsp</a>}}</code>). This being the only solution that correctly preserves the cell height, matching that of the reference seven row table. </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>reference </th></tr> <tr> <td>row one </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">row two </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffebd2">row three </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #fff0f0">row four </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffeeff">row five </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #f0fff0">row six </td></tr> <tr> <td>row seven </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">example </th></tr> <tr> <td>row one </td> <td>row one </td> <td>row one </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffe6; border-style: solid solid none solid;" valign="top" rowspan="2"><b>row two</b><br/>3 rows </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6">row two </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6">row two </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffebd2" valign="top" rowspan="3"><b>row three</b><br/>3 rows </td> <td style="background: #ffebd2">row three </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffff99; border-style: none solid solid solid;" valign="top"> </td> <td style="background: #fff0f0" valign="top" rowspan="3"><b>row four</b><br/>3 rows </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffeeff">row five </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #f0fff0">row six </td> <td style="background: #f0fff0">row six </td></tr> <tr> <td>row seven </td> <td>row seven </td> <td>row seven </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Or, in this case, you can simply add the third line of text (filling up the 3 rows of available space) to the "row two/3 rows" cell, preserving at the same time the text-centering availability: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>reference </th></tr> <tr> <td>row one </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">row two </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffebd2">row three </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #fff0f0">row four </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffeeff">row five </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #f0fff0">row six </td></tr> <tr> <td>row seven </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">example </th></tr> <tr> <td>row one </td> <td>row one </td> <td>row one </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffffe6;" valign="top" rowspan="3"><b>row two</b><br/>3 rows<br/> </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6">row two </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6">row two </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffebd2" valign="top" rowspan="3"><b>row three</b><br/>3 rows </td> <td style="background: #ffebd2">row three </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #fff0f0" valign="top" rowspan="3"><b>row four</b><br/>3 rows </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #ffeeff">row five </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #f0fff0">row six </td> <td style="background: #f0fff0">row six </td></tr> <tr> <td>row seven </td> <td>row seven </td> <td>row seven </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="A_bug_in_class_wikitable" data-mw-thread-id="h-A_bug_in_class_wikitable"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-A_bug_in_class_wikitable"></span>A bug in class wikitable<span data-mw-comment-end="h-A_bug_in_class_wikitable"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Advanced_table_formatting&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: A bug in class wikitable"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is possible to remove borders between adjacent cells in tables, for example when you want a non-rectangular super-cell. </p><p>In this table the yellow cells are set up for exactly that. But, why are there borders anyway? </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;">aaaaa </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;">bbbbb </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; background: #ffffe6;" rowspan="2">to this </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;">cccccc </td> <td style="border-style: solid none solid none; background: #ffffe6;" rowspan="2">connected </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid none solid solid; background: #ffffe6;" rowspan="2">this cell </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;">ddddd </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;">eeeee </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;">ffffffff </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br/> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <td>aaaaa </td> <td>bbbbb </td> <td rowspan="2">to this </td></tr> <tr> <td>cccccc </td> <td rowspan="2">connected </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">this cell </td> <td>ddddd </td></tr> <tr> <td>eeeee </td> <td>ffffffff </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br/> </p><p><br/> If you remove <i>class=wikitable</i> it is possible to see that the table is correctly set up: </p> <table style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;">aaaaa </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;">bbbbb </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid none; background: #ffffe6;" rowspan="2">to this </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;">cccccc </td> <td style="border-style: solid none solid none; background: #ffffe6;" rowspan="2">connected </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid none solid solid; background: #ffffe6;" rowspan="2">this cell </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;">ddddd </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;">eeeee </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;">ffffffff </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Class <b>wikitable</b> demands that the border between two cells ONLY disappears when the cells <b>begin</b> on the SAME row (or column for vertical effect). </p><p><b>Solution</b>: cut them up into pieces! And forget the centering of the text. Don't forget to fill the new cells with nothing (nbsp). Here with darker yellow: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;">aaaaa </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;">bbbbb </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid none solid; background: #ffffe6;" rowspan="1">to this </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;">cccccc </td> <td style="border-style: solid none none solid; background: #ffffe6;" rowspan="1">connected </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; background: #ffff99;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid none solid solid; background: #ffffe6;" rowspan="2">this cell </td> <td style="border-style: none solid solid none; background: #ffff99;"> </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;">ddddd </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;">eeeee </td> <td style="border-style: solid solid solid solid;">ffffffff </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Lists_in_multi-column_tables" data-mw-thread-id="h-Lists_in_multi-column_tables"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Lists_in_multi-column_tables"></span>Lists in multi-column tables<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Lists_in_multi-column_tables"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Advanced_table_formatting&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Lists in multi-column tables"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table width="550px" border="0"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#fafdff"> <td>For long lists of data, the quick way is to use asterisk-bullets "<b>*</b>" on separate lines, with a vertical-bar "|" between groups, and then separate the data-columns with spacer-columns, such as for width="30px": </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin-left:1em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <ul><li>Aardvark</li> <li>Badger</li> <li>Coyote</li></ul> </td> <td width="30px"> </td> <td> <ul><li>Dingo</li> <li>Emu</li> <li>Flounder</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table width="585px" border="0"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#fafdff"> <td>Again, any table can have a border using style="border:1px solid #BBB". The color #BBB matches image-boxes, but another color could be used, such as "blue" or #AA6633 (brownish): </td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellpadding="5" style="margin:7px 30px 0 30px; float:right; border:1px solid #AA6633"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#fbfeff"> <td>This is a notebox<br/>to show border color. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">cellpadding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"border:1px solid #AA6633"</span> <span class="p">|-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">bgcolor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"#fafeff"</span> <span class="p">|</span> This is a notebox to show border color. <span class="p">|}</span> </pre></div> <p>Even though the coding might seem a little awkward, the results are easily controlled for spacing and alignment. The width of the table will, by default, remain the same for wider or narrowed windows, retaining the alignment with the left-side text (or section titles) outside the table. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Advanced_table_formatting&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col 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href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplest_diff_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide">Simplest diff guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide">Simple diff and link guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Complete diff and link guide">Complete diff and link guide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Colon_trick" title="Help:Colon trick">Colon trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">Link color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URLs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:Media">Media</a> files: images,<br/>videos and sounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">Media help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files" title="Help:Creation and usage of media files">Creation and usage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_files_to_Commons" title="Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons">Moving files to Commons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Images" title="Wikipedia:Images">Images</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_images_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to images with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction to images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Preparing_images_for_upload" title="Wikipedia:Preparing images for upload">Preparing images for upload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Uploading images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Options_to_hide_an_image" title="Help:Options to hide an image">Options to hide an image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Extended image syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SVG_help" title="Wikipedia:SVG help">SVG help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Gallery_tag" title="Help:Gallery tag">Gallery tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_bitmap_image_editing" title="Wikipedia:Basic bitmap image editing">Basic bitmap image editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_improve_image_quality" title="Wikipedia:How to improve image quality">How to improve image quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_Lab/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Graphics Lab/Resources">Graphics Lab resources</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sound file markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual file markup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Other graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Family_trees" title="Help:Family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphs_and_charts" title="Wikipedia:Graphs and charts">Graphs and charts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles" title="Wikipedia:How to create charts for Wikipedia articles">How to create</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:To_scale_charts" title="Wikipedia:To scale charts">To scale charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math formulas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Use_of_HTML_templates" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Score" title="Help:Score">Musical scores</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Musical symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Timeline" title="Wikipedia:Timeline">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:EasyTimeline_syntax" title="Help:EasyTimeline syntax">EasyTimeline syntax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:WikiHiero_syntax" title="Help:WikiHiero syntax">WikiHiero syntax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Templates</a> and<br/><a href="/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a> modules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advanced_template_coding" title="Wikipedia:Advanced template coding">Advanced template coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">Template documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Template index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template_limits" title="Help:Template limits">Template limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_sandbox_and_test_cases" title="Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases">Template sandbox and test cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Lua" title="Help:Lua">Lua help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Lua project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Lua/Resources">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/To_do" title="Wikipedia:Lua/To do">To do</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">Substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Purge" title="Help:Purge">Purge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Job_queue" title="Help:Job queue">Job queue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">Transclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Labeled_section_transclusion" title="Help:Labeled section transclusion">Labeled section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion_costs_and_benefits" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion costs and benefits">Costs and benefits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling" title="Wikipedia:Guide to Scribbling">Guide to Scribbling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration#Data_structure_and_development" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Data structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">Main/Article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Drafts" title="Wikipedia:Drafts">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">File</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:File_description_page" title="Help:File description page">File description page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Help namespace">Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project/Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archiving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">Simple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_page_design_guide" title="Wikipedia:User page design guide">User page design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">MediaWiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bug_reports_and_feature_requests" title="Wikipedia:Bug reports and feature requests">Bug reports and feature requests</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler">TimedMediaHandler extension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Help:Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML in wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Catalogue_of_CSS_classes" title="Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes">Catalogue of CSS classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Common.js_and_common.css" title="Wikipedia:Common.js and common.css">Common.js and common.css</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mxt/User_CSS_for_a_monospaced_coding_font" title="Template:Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font">User CSS for monospaced coding font</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Microformats/classes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats/classes">Classes in microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Markup_validation" title="Help:Markup validation">Markup validation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Span_tags" title="Wikipedia:Span tags">Span tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Useful_styles" title="Help:Useful styles">Useful styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customisation" title="Wikipedia:Customisation">Customisation</a><br/>and tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Preferences" title="Help:Preferences">Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gadget" title="Wikipedia:Gadget">Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Skin" title="Wikipedia:Skin">Skins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_tools" title="Help:Citation tools">Citation tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleaning_up_vandalism/Tools" title="Wikipedia:Cleaning up vandalism/Tools">Cleaning up vandalism tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customizing_watchlists" title="Wikipedia:Customizing watchlists">Customizing watchlists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Hide_Pages_in_Watchlist" title="Help:Hide Pages in Watchlist">Hide pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Scripts" title="Wikipedia:Scripts">IRC Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts" title="Wikipedia:User scripts">User scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Guide" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Guide">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/List" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/List">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Techniques" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Techniques">Techniques</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_style" title="Help:User style">User style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative_browsing" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative browsing">Alternative browsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Browser_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Browser tools">Browser tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Editing tools">Editing tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_shortcuts" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation shortcuts">Navigation shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum_tool_set" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum tool set">Optimum tool set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Cloud_Services" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Cloud Services">Wikimedia Cloud Services</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Beta_Features" class="extiw" title="mw:Beta Features">Beta Features at MediaWiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Automated editing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Helper_script" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Helper script">AfC helper script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AntiVandal" title="Wikipedia:AntiVandal">AntiVandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser" title="Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser">AutoWikiBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots" title="Wikipedia:Bots">Bots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creating_a_bot" title="Help:Creating a bot">Creating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_of_Wikipedia_bots" title="Wikipedia:History of Wikipedia bots">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:HotCat" title="Wikipedia:HotCat">HotCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Huggle" title="Wikipedia:Huggle">Huggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_popups" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups">Navigation popups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RedWarn" title="Wikipedia:RedWarn">RedWarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Twinkle" title="Wikipedia:Twinkle">Twinkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ultraviolet" title="Wikipedia:Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WPCleaner" title="Wikipedia:WPCleaner">WPCleaner</a></li> <li>Inactive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Igloo" title="Wikipedia:Igloo">igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:STiki" title="Wikipedia:STiki">STiki</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li>See also: <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">Category:Wikipedia how-to</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">Category:Wikipedia information pages</a></b><br/>Further navigation at: <a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages">Help pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrators%27_guide" title="Template:Administrators' guide">Administrators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Accessibility/Navigation_menu" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility/Navigation menu">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_accounts" title="Template:Wikipedia accounts">Accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Botnav" title="Template:Botnav">Bots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Template:Wikipedia referencing">Referencing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_metadata_navbox" title="Template:Citation metadata navbox">Citation metadata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_templates" title="Template:Wikipedia templates">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Navbox" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Navbox">User scripts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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