CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135f4c98e114a9b',cH: 'VNKFwhwj_WYvKz_GEYbzn0_pMjdAW9VldUxnoz9gSa0-1739797182-1.2.1.1-_WTjjjmeo6S3upQH8FJwJXwHJfZq.p_Scb.sxgvqVBmYWuH7MGdihG9_TrCyMMMP',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=topic%20model&__cf_chl_tk=c__V9YvPJu_5h8TPIQIec9.VEt1xMKeVqzUgHFYd5X8-1739797182-1.0.1.1-zcAYUZ65GeAjEoKD5EowY2fcHCaUaborSCGlh2whnx4",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739797182',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=topic%20model&__cf_chl_f_tk=c__V9YvPJu_5h8TPIQIec9.VEt1xMKeVqzUgHFYd5X8-1739797182-1.0.1.1-zcAYUZ65GeAjEoKD5EowY2fcHCaUaborSCGlh2whnx4",md: "tgT1y9t_N5fJeLGv6UYAZFuEmNeQJp5fhAA5Xv11qYs-1739797182-1.2.1.1-Hjgb2q1jNaSWFWJnNLplWOwwPhYI8vh0L9myWZKCRc1KdNMBhyvWyPdVgEhmR5avRWMizBtKhpRckGe8rcazYeaU1mj.X96qTXVAHeKd9rdiEsC1UTxsHpE3O0Tb66at6ncm7FtvLJVAwI_kPC620GzaK7Fe0mgqxkSoRlSSYnAdd.fxbg.UDxRZnsfV1EzBLnhA48CgrhjGz5UO3zHtz6DKLK7A2ggjp_LNelJv1Z9C.udlLhqewNck3sgQRHoyVYCEvLfDNdopAwZWtDEYMe166YplZ4S1gUqtMDJHHtnusIT50kYG8WaJUg_UlqBZdibkZjt1lGv3WlQ0lLhzZFzUMxPeQmMZMSn52xic.5QgBbjD.bsuIcuUsx8azXOGeBumRD02bfYBAe5DCa3RlX7wS35xbair9knXyBETCpBQ0ZRW8xZUjl.vV0zAlcA21W0AxB7PWfMSY0Ur_yfZIxwetyWsf2.JDQOfrxSZnubOHmP.k1jG9R0WAebHVEeRn4H7_bs_kUqDNeW6tvlNv2uMJLuaFqucfyEx2zU6h_XGRHXcpkfbS5qZuaWtchq4bOWH7rVjbuF5Si8qbg_AUFhE4w_UJrZrWYxdc5SlRAj1OLOqMv4xNN5vPwr74y9GIf2X1PwMlHAUH82e.0.kEzPn8ynXzqKt7SIkz3DStvhsQmkEp6VE8fGhsIcMk0.tlE6FqaOVeoVsnwRungn2fpDtaKPrM6GcRNiHuidpxMnZC1hakzBqdvDy_ADQ_qA.YG2oWFOs9cNVA9bFXGtoEcDyJswT47r9q72C1wd6KbgvnBZo8f_mgM99z7noJS4CQTB.76D8AE9trbrXuYBVQso0ft_L1.2po3DCTEog4YxxxbG0uslw8o.WGVCTo_uaFMlNha9kXTe7qZDBSQYqQWO0ySqQ_tIcnOcYSY2mfYlzUXpeH3jSelNgQ281K68CuGd_Xcx_QmIi_Ox8p7a5hQXlRuz1A.O2M8itxm7ZXumyUj1l9j_HwA2r8WZEUarqBBFTmEP0CexFzjmcJ1aB.umAJbO2lxA7BW3SU0rq5slhKbVxy3mgGvRS7xKDBOAOkV6VDGHDciFGAa3eQdRk.cG63qDdTyGmspJTEQwQYmXmVc20nc8mW6P9iKCw_bJ.gbC2hKUTV1inmv0QuDZda5Gf.dGE_d65v37fMvHtReYwTkim85mad.YZzmOGiq7y8oZczHpuIdi6Hf0DMtKNnBuTMeVmV4U0gbYmp9gFEQrEuM7i7nBZjau6o2FTLrN7jA7GgipRPLDXMxCjk1mKJ6IBsCcfRAP9M74qsEPXTdHosVAHvRsUsOc6RuTvKHVeqYjHws95t_r6PHTJKmqN9SRJ.LXXaeHH1tLV0aFGdeiWbRT_E92NaJ8ptDeS1PXrx94gbfRX5CkNINIFvuP0DPVYUkfcjrl.OeDDnqOcO_URKpwSsfhnzaJU.afe.1LSYc_DhgQU1oPsJ6GUrX0kmuTjsFCOflGIwacEFlbdnfEsCC3K76sNGnbSkSc_okGLTsGCexFTT9jtkhkY_j2vHmZx7ip4vtiFb7RVmlDSsfa1baZIjbxSZqN3mI8w6JnW9lYE1MzMqEd8ZnYutx5AIw_4064BDkOhl3RqFY8wReYDgDP26ChaL0dX.rDIXvtH2S6NnljpJCk3Gre7H2Uk78RuV_crV4qtnJbkS6YLeYZr3h27UVSr1QKVwc2_4wVeakKqO9hj6QEPim9sKqvA3uDCP.HG0bjZX8gXxMGuteElZ68IXtmMj2J9lI_wOhn6HOZHgzpqMgPvRozbjLTpBqTEcjZgNpOHB_75BS49fTCZZrgnBTS2pEyb.5NAs3wguHzhCz_Faop6ak0KgWuqeaemYNSNdjTcFmu8AEuJcSGbGkfmdBxNWwK0AaYUB8P2ZC6pOgH8cXE4AucPYGFBkOQNLpt5sMLZF4j57B8qmUY",mdrd: "zhcpI8J9PR19LrET8p_1cISnyYdeVLLZxpv5wlaHQps-1739797182-1.2.1.1-1.DI8AZtqNLmQV3vlyb41y4wr91qi76ZRJ7Xe_NEVyoYo_jgFc6Z586.vjDp0lbO0xRQItJom9zG5a35ZSY9i0KD.dxqCI.IPxGU6O0DhuOmD.jwBh13MwFv.Xi9QFSz2rVmRBI4X9cxZ00PxJEz7v.SbYdkkxU.TDYOmcITNPBSM3xvjPurribdLBiMDE7ie2zwE7dbViKCf_HOrSJWl30Nf7Zj.2XLtgvYEzo3LB5cVST6Oj70kYLVAovIl7QJrZYwKgxHDAjHnkYz1oQN.PGPPKER6MIjtEBmU5aPozESJPXpJAAntZyROPtJNoM5urm6_EFKc81B3oJKg0bCubpgWDnvZynlB5CtNyuup3eD6WFZOlhrTn7733LztRhYsiMH0MX5D3jLMCMNLbZEW1OSvV.De7JkQrrccxJ4JGnC8JMvTyhUJJ88CVKW_NS_1M6nManC84EOLHrFs.eA.4bsQrg23xaBwATgG1VKnL0PP_UtBVt1J1VVEkUu6PzhWzKTcsg2hcDVVhjzsX4q1iEUFgx99uGoHwU2vVogOk1aihDgBLJ7ftDMtRfRqdnp9yjSYByGy0dkKphUsNCEHvXR4i3U_gjfXa3fkaxcHGUEzK70g3Hvbdcefo6cLNrQxaPyNGPp7in7lUVNjy5k63JYOiEl1SzcqWQMytaiGcXboO5X62UNdS8pPZUE2EZmnt3FeX.KDQvHgi0AgjWmaHsBgmomyXsKkx1Tzzae9T0FDzbC7qqZws0GzvZmoEd2A9uHTHKu0Ipo8vatCIhMXhxbTNpDSY8SWNezs0BmeiW6YMxofDU4DFGyZoHrmtnZbD6dtGuJ1Oiz3mRVuzSNV7DCnjjj63PcZLgOYQ06d_pXc7Qx_6ocmIn90JZoA69aXYi7MHIV8_2imBNSk4wQlU49eePQHa6J2UkAg5CRKJkbrsW5esyXdB7i79HojA0IV4HPH7TxHcq80jyuXF.tOnkW36_iKrbNR_.87B52ILGsD4YjJ9Gc870SUqAfXAJZYaVE8RXIdH3X1ju0Oy8cSTTaQhQckUTA3Vqo9_gSRx7vbVMla6iDBGGqNQEPLQvP9Enwkd2cwqmRRglhfgTMWNaSSkzo.TzAfOyn_1VOob7VMLb.rQOnufwYGgxHv6lFAlGR2kdnIwxc4JMkZGM8LhsLdluYLOjCu8PHBhybbmiO1QNVLzotrgAhGLQrQysDGULiP0rVYP8iFGv64eQ.vu1C66GCqjgmF2Z3gsKoDdW95CtKPG24riN23H65yBV0IEXgukL_TQ1DAgocNqYhPaqaKdk6pLp.Qg.Oiwap5IQExGCtw4xqPa8s09nwMELi1EfhR2kJYyxPAg7F4eXmN02th5NcLjwxEhDP9Vjv83rY29y1Vxamv4F.UapfYy54gqFeKKQXlkAPQ96bPffOxpRVsJmrb5TPjEDYd60dqG4CRABe1Vw0c7s5._MiWEb3dvnx0apSPSS4_GINBohhyZx7H6VNLztHiOrdRppg414gf8_2ibKe88EjRuOd2__cyDRKNIScndfPwuUDAisGPlAbUbya0IeYycoWAmK.2xT6TiywQg27bl5sQTiU9kvzG5n55bEHvE66TvpeiayWsc7jCzLsgTbEAHjP4I2V9WDP_Xkv7rDkDVYdiWjHaeTEaeILGrTq6jo7Gh6qZWrnMtg_n8YT1YF5gnQAI_b2HBC9Swonm4rAvkkwwK.DlwVPNBMCQkdyAKzu9yNKIFLeUNGW0oJPXX0ZsHyvw.uOVrDOOyqKKXF0hno_uypqZ_xyBdaP8X8I_9A0l9OJDjvWQoQXUgBhLRfo9CYP7OmK5hRSKV1gfBaZF1ISEDnqYCAVK4mWu0JQDaZyUEQphZkn.hvcwN2VHEPi7z01MWh45fgh9jUpktOBGLPpcW9GkFURIQYS8uIKwojiDrL09RiKImVYUR90U2EErTCiupd6cBFMbnPek15BZIuo0DJvF4aI"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135f4c98e114a9b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=topic%20model&__cf_chl_rt_tk=c__V9YvPJu_5h8TPIQIec9.VEt1xMKeVqzUgHFYd5X8-1739797182-1.0.1.1-zcAYUZ65GeAjEoKD5EowY2fcHCaUaborSCGlh2whnx4" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>