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<span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Biografie-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Middelste_jaren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middelste_jaren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Middelste jaren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middelste_jaren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latere_jaren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latere_jaren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Latere jaren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latere_jaren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beschuldigingen_van_seksueel_misbruik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beschuldigingen_van_seksueel_misbruik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Beschuldigingen van seksueel misbruik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beschuldigingen_van_seksueel_misbruik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golfmechanica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golfmechanica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Golfmechanica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golfmechanica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wat_is_Leven?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wat_is_Leven?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Wat is Leven?</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wat_is_Leven?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persoonlijk_leven" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persoonlijk_leven"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Persoonlijk leven</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persoonlijk_leven-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oeuvre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oeuvre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Oeuvre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oeuvre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Erwin Schrödinger</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 134 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-134" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">134 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%AD%E1%89%AA%E1%8A%95_%E1%88%BD%E1%88%AE%E1%8B%B2%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AD" title="ኤርቪን ሽሮዲንገር – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኤርቪን ሽሮዲንገር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%E1%BB%8Ddinger" title="Erwin Schrọdinger – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Erwin Schrọdinger" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%B1" title="إرفين شرودنغر – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إرفين شرودنغر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="شرودينجر – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شرودينجر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ervin_%C5%9Eredinger" title="Ervin Şredinger – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ervin Şredinger" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1" title="اروین شرودینقر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اروین شرودینقر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Эрвин Шрёдингер – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эрвин Шрёдингер" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ervins_%C5%A0riuod%C4%97ngeris" title="Ervins Šriuodėngeris – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ervins Šriuodėngeris" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Эрвін Шродзінгер – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эрвін Шродзінгер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Эрвін Шрэдынгер – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эрвін Шрэдынгер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ервин Шрьодингер – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ервин Шрьодингер" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="इरविन स्क्रोडिंगर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इरविन स्क्रोडिंगर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="এরভিন শ্রোডিঙার – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এরভিন শ্রোডিঙার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Эрвин Шрёдингер – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Эрвин Шрёдингер" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Шрёдингер, Эрвин – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Шрёдингер, Эрвин" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D8%B1%DA%A4%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8E%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1" title="ئێرڤین شروێدینگەر – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێرڤین شروێدینگەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%A3%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Έρβιν Σρέντινγκερ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έρβιν Σρέντινγκερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="اروین شرودینگر – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اروین شرودینگر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="aanbevolen artikel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8" title="ארווין שרדינגר – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארווין שרדינגר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="अर्विन श्रोडिन्गर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अर्विन श्रोडिन्गर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%87%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Էրվին Շրյոդինգեր – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էրվին Շրյոդինգեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC" title="エルヴィン・シュレーディンガー – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エルヴィン・シュレーディンガー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ერვინ შრედინგერი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ერვინ შრედინგერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schrodinger" title="Erwin Schrodinger – Gikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Erwin Schrodinger" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Gikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Эрвин Шредингер – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эрвин Шредингер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಇರ್ವಿನ್ ಶ್ರೋಡಿಂಗರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇರ್ವಿನ್ ಶ್ರೋಡಿಂಗರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B4%EB%B9%88_%EC%8A%88%EB%A2%B0%EB%94%A9%EA%B1%B0" title="에르빈 슈뢰딩거 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에르빈 슈뢰딩거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Эрвин Шрөдингер – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эрвин Шрөдингер" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ervinus_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Ervinus Schrödinger – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ervinus Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erv%C4%ABns_%C5%A0r%C4%93dingers" title="Ervīns Šrēdingers – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ervīns Šrēdingers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ервин Шредингер – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ервин Шредингер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BC" title="എർവിൻ ഷ്രോഡിങർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എർവിൻ ഷ്രോഡിങർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Эрвин Шрёдингер – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эрвин Шрёдингер" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%94" title="ꯏꯔꯋꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯤꯟꯒꯔ – Meitei" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯔꯋꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯤꯟꯒꯔ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Meitei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="एर्विन श्र्यॉडिंगर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एर्विन श्र्यॉडिंगर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB" title="အာဝင် ရှရိုဒင်ဂါ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာဝင် ရှရိုဒင်ဂါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="آروین شرودینگر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آروین شرودینگر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0" title="अर्विन स्रोडिन्जर – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अर्विन स्रोडिन्जर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0" title="ਐਰਵਿਨ ਸ਼ਰੋਡਿੰਗਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਰਵਿਨ ਸ਼ਰੋਡਿੰਗਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="ارون شروڈنگر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ارون شروڈنگر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%89%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AB%D8%B1" title="آروین شروډینګر – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آروین شروډینګر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Шрёдингер, Эрвин – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шрёдингер, Эрвин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD%D2%91%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ервін Шредінґер – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ервін Шредінґер" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="अर्विन श्रोडिन्गर – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अर्विन श्रोडिन्गर" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Шрёдингер Эрвин – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Шрёдингер Эрвин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%8A%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="ارون شروڊنگر – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ارون شروڊنگر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ервин Шредингер – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ервин Шредингер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="எர்வின் சுரோடிங்கர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எர்வின் சுரோடிங்கர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="แอร์วีน ชเรอดิงเงอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แอร์วีน ชเรอดิงเงอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_%C5%9Er%C3%BDodinger" title="Erwin Şrýodinger – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Erwin Şrýodinger" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_%C5%9Er%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Şrödinger – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Erwin Şrödinger" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ервін Шредінгер – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ервін Шредінгер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="ارون شروڈنگر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ارون شروڈنگر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0r%C3%B6dinger_Ervin" title="Šrödinger Ervin – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Šrödinger Ervin" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Erwin Schrödinger" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E8%96%9B%E5%AE%9A%E8%B0%94" title="埃尔温·薛定谔 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="埃尔温·薛定谔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%80%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Шрёдингерин, Эрвин – Kalmuks" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Шрёдингерин, Эрвин" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" 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href="/wiki/Bestand:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobelprijswinnaar"><img alt="Nobelprijswinnaar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/25px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/38px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span>  Erwin Schrödinger </th></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/12_augustus" title="12 augustus">12 augustus</a> <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a> – <a href="/wiki/4_januari" title="4 januari">4 januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_(1933).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Erwin Schrödinger (1933)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_%281933%29.jpg/266px-Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_%281933%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger_%281933%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%">Erwin Schrödinger (1933)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteland </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oostenrijk" title="Oostenrijk">Oostenrijk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboorteplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wenen" title="Wenen">Wenen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nationaliteit </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Oostenrijk" title="Oostenrijk">Oostenrijks</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Overlijdensplaats </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wenen" title="Wenen">Wenen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nobelprijs </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_de_Natuurkunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelprijs voor de Natuurkunde">Natuurkunde</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jaar </th> <td colspan="2">1933 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Reden </th> <td colspan="2">"Voor de ontdekking van nieuwe, productieve vormen van de <a href="/wiki/Atoom" title="Atoom">atoomtheorie</a>." </td></tr> <tr> <th>Samen met </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="nowrap">Voorganger(s)</span> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Opvolger(s) </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:lightsteelblue; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Natuurkunde" title="Portaal:Natuurkunde">Natuurkunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger</b> (<a href="/wiki/Wenen" title="Wenen">Wenen</a>, <a href="/wiki/12_augustus" title="12 augustus">12 augustus</a> <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a> – aldaar, <a href="/wiki/4_januari" title="4 januari">4 januari</a> <a href="/wiki/1961" title="1961">1961</a>) was een <a href="/wiki/Oostenrijk" title="Oostenrijk">Oostenrijkse</a> <a href="/wiki/Natuurkundige" class="mw-redirect" title="Natuurkundige">natuurkundige</a>, die beroemd werd door zijn bijdragen aan de <a href="/wiki/Kwantummechanica" title="Kwantummechanica">kwantummechanica</a>, in het bijzonder de <a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dingervergelijking" title="Schrödingervergelijking">schrödingervergelijking</a> waarvoor hij in 1933 de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs" title="Nobelprijs">Nobelprijs</a> kreeg. </p><p>Schrödinger is ook bekend van "<a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dingers_kat" title="Schrödingers kat">Schrödingers kat</a>", een <a href="/wiki/Gedachte-experiment" title="Gedachte-experiment">gedachte-experiment</a> uit 1935 omtrent het begrip <a href="/wiki/Superpositie_(natuurkunde)#Kwantummechanica" title="Superpositie (natuurkunde)">superpositie</a> in de kwantummechanica. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie">Biografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Biografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Biografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Erwin was het enige kind van Rudolf Schrödinger en Georgine Bauer. Zijn vader leidde een succesvol familiebedrijf in <a href="/wiki/Linoleum" title="Linoleum">linoleum</a> maar had een achtergrond als botanicus en auteur van een reeks artikelen over de genetica van planten. Rudolf had ook scheikunde gestudeerd bij Alexander Bauer, die later zijn schoonvader werd. Vader en zoon Schrödinger hielden menige intellectuele discussie. Georgines moeder was een Engelse, en Erwin leerde die taal al vroeg vlot spreken en schrijven. Erwin zou trouwens altijd sterk blijven in talen en doceerde later in het Engels, Duits, Frans en Spaans.<sup id="cite_ref-scott_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scott-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hij genoot privéonderwijs tot zijn elfde jaar. In 1898 studeerde hij aan het <a href="/wiki/Akademisches_Gymnasium_Wien" title="Akademisches Gymnasium Wien">Akademisches Gymnasium</a>. Als jongen hield hij van Duitse poëzie en excelleerde in vele vakken. In 1906 ging hij naar de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Wenen" title="Universiteit van Wenen">Universiteit van Wenen</a>, waar hij in 1910 zijn doctoraal in de <a href="/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde">natuurkunde</a> behaalde. Aan de universiteit werd hij sterk beïnvloed door <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Hasen%C3%B6hrl" title="Friedrich Hasenöhrl">Friedrich Hasenöhrl</a>, een briljante fysicus die tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Wereldoorlog" title="Eerste Wereldoorlog">Eerste Wereldoorlog</a> zou omkomen. Tijdens zijn Nobeltoespraak merkte Schrödinger op dat indien Hasenöhrl niet was gesneuveld, niet hij maar Hasenöhrl in Stockholm zou zijn geëerd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middelste_jaren">Middelste jaren</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Middelste jaren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Middelste jaren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In oktober 1911 eindigde Schrödingers verplichte legerdienst. Hij werd plaatsvervangend assistent bij <a href="/wiki/Franz-Serafin_Exner" title="Franz-Serafin Exner">Franz-Serafin Exner</a> in Wenen. De eerstaanwezend assistent was Egon von Schweidler; toen die in de zomer van 1911 een hoogleraarschap kreeg in Innsbruck, kwam Fritz Karl Wilhelm Kohlrausch (niet te verwarren met <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Kohlrausch" title="Friedrich Kohlrausch">Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Kohlrausch</a>) in zijn plaats. Als ervaren experimentalist vulde hij goed Schrödingers theoretisch standpunt aan. Hij moedigde Schrödinger aan in diens onderzoek, vooral naar onderwerpen over atmosferische elektriciteit en radioactiviteit, en later over kleurentheorie. De mannen zouden levenslange vrienden blijven. Het was ook in het vakantiehuis van Kohlrausch nabij Salzburg dat Schrödinger door diens bemiddeling in 1913 zijn latere vrouw Annemarie Bertel ontmoette.<sup id="cite_ref-mehra_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mehra-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1914 verkreeg Schrödinger zijn <a href="/wiki/Habilitatie" title="Habilitatie">habilitatie</a>. Tussen 1914 en 1918 nam hij deel aan de Eerste Wereldoorlog als officier bij de Oostenrijkse artillerie aan het Italiaanse front. Na de Oostenrijkse nederlaag waren zijn plaatselijke carrièrekansen minder gunstig; op 6 april 1920 trouwde hij met Annemarie en datzelfde jaar verhuisden ze naar Duitsland en werd Schrödinger assistent van <a href="/wiki/Max_Wien" title="Max Wien">Max Wien</a> aan de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Jena" class="mw-redirect" title="Universiteit van Jena">Universiteit van Jena</a>. In september 1920 verkreeg hij de positie van buitengewoon hoogleraar theoretische natuurkunde in <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>. In 1921 werd hij benoemd tot gewoon hoogleraar aan de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Breslau" class="mw-redirect" title="Universiteit van Breslau">Universiteit van Breslau</a>. </p><p>In de herfst van 1921 vertrok hij naar de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Universiteit Zürich">Universiteit Zürich</a>, waar hij de leerstoel theoretische natuurkunde overnam van <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Max von Laue</a>. De zes jaar die hij aan Zürich verbleef, waren waarschijnlijk de productiefste van zijn wetenschappelijke carrière. </p><p>Bij het begin van zijn verblijf in Zürich ondervond Schrödinger gezondheidsproblemen. Na een diagnose van een licht geval van <a href="/wiki/Tuberculose" title="Tuberculose">tuberculose</a> verbleef hij negen maanden met Annemarie in het kuuroord <a href="/wiki/Arosa_(Zwitserland)" title="Arosa (Zwitserland)">Arosa</a>. Hij zou er de daaropvolgende jaren nog verscheidene malen terugkeren om gezondheidsredenen en als vakantie. Een en ander bracht met zich mee dat hij zijn <a href="/wiki/Inaugurele_rede" title="Inaugurele rede">inaugurele rede</a> "Wat is een natuurwet?" pas op 9 december 1922 hield, over het belang van toeval en statistiek bij de beschrijving van verschijnselen op atomaire schaal. Hij slaagde er tijdens de kuur van 1922 wel in twee wetenschappelijke artikelen af te schrijven, waaronder een diepzinnige verhandeling over de mogelijke banen van elektronen om atoomkernen. Dat artikel introduceerde ook de rol van <a href="/wiki/Complex_getal" title="Complex getal">complexe getallen</a> bij de beschrijving van kwantumfenomenen.<sup id="cite_ref-gribbin5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gribbin5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tijdens de periode in Zürich tot aan zijn doorbraak in 1926 publiceerde hij zes artikelen over <a href="/wiki/Statistische_thermodynamica" title="Statistische thermodynamica">statistische mechanica</a>, vijf over <a href="/wiki/Kleur" title="Kleur">kleurwaarneming</a>, vier over <a href="/wiki/Soortelijke_warmte" title="Soortelijke warmte">soortelijke warmte</a>, vier over <a href="/wiki/Atoomfysica" title="Atoomfysica">atoombouw</a> en een over <a href="/wiki/Relativiteitstheorie" title="Relativiteitstheorie">relativiteit</a>. Het getuigt van Schrödingers toenmalige status in de subtop van de fysica dat hij in 1924 werd uitgenodigd voor deelname aan de <a href="/wiki/Internationaal_Instituut_voor_Fysica_en_Chemie" title="Internationaal Instituut voor Fysica en Chemie">Solvayconferentie</a>, maar niet om een voordracht te houden.<sup id="cite_ref-gribbin5_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gribbin5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In januari 1926 publiceerde Schrödinger in de <i>Annalen der Physik</i> het artikel <i>Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem</i> over de golfmechanica en over hetgeen tegenwoordig bekendstaat als de schrödingervergelijking, een van de beroemdste vergelijkingen uit de <a href="/wiki/Kwantummechanica" title="Kwantummechanica">kwantummechanica</a>. In 1927 volgde hij <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> op als hoogleraar aan de <a href="/wiki/Humboldtuniversiteit" class="mw-redirect" title="Humboldtuniversiteit">Friedrich Wilhelm-universiteit</a> in Berlijn. </p><p>Omdat Schrödinger een hekel had aan het <a href="/wiki/Antisemitisme" title="Antisemitisme">antisemitisme</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Nazi" title="Nazi">nazi's</a>, die in 1933 de macht kregen in Duitsland, besloot hij in datzelfde jaar uit eigen beweging in ballingschap te gaan en Duitsland te verlaten. Via <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Lindemann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Lindemann (de pagina bestaat niet)">Frederick Lindemann</a> kwam hij terecht op het <i>Magdalen College</i> van de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Oxford" title="Universiteit van Oxford">Universiteit van Oxford</a>. Kort na zijn aankomst ontving hij, samen met <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_de_Natuurkunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobelprijs voor de Natuurkunde">Nobelprijs voor de Natuurkunde</a>. Zijn baan aan Oxford liep stroef; vooral zijn onconventionele levensstijl - zijn open relatie met twee vrouwen - werd niet door iedereen aanvaard. In 1934 gaf Schrödinger aan de <a href="/wiki/Princeton-universiteit" title="Princeton-universiteit">Princeton-universiteit</a> lezingen; hij kreeg er zelfs een vaste aanstelling aangeboden, maar nam deze na lang uitstel uiteindelijk toch niet aan. Daarentegen keerde hij terug naar zijn geboorteland Oostenrijk, waar hij in 1936 hoogleraar natuurkunde werd aan de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Graz" title="Universiteit van Graz">Universiteit van Graz</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latere_jaren">Latere jaren</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Latere jaren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Latere jaren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <i><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></i> van Oostenrijk bij <a href="/wiki/Nazi-Duitsland" title="Nazi-Duitsland">nazi-Duitsland</a> in 1938 leverde voor Schrödinger meteen problemen op vanwege zijn vertrek uit Duitsland vijf jaar daarvoor, wat door de Duitse autoriteiten was opgevat als een onvriendelijke daad. Kort daarna lukte het hem om naar Italië te vluchten, vanwaar hij doorreisde naar Oxford, en later naar de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Gent" class="mw-redirect" title="Universiteit van Gent">Universiteit van Gent</a>. Van die universiteit kreeg hij in <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a> een <a href="/wiki/Eredoctoraat" title="Eredoctoraat">eredoctoraat</a> toegekend. Na een kort verblijf in Gent vertrok hij naar Ierland, om te helpen bij de opbouw van het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dublin_Institute_for_Advanced_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (de pagina bestaat niet)">Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>. Dit instituut moest de Europese tegenhanger gaan worden van het Amerikaanse <i><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Princeton_(New_Jersey)" title="Princeton (New Jersey)">Princeton</a>. Op voorspraak van de Ierse premier <a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a>, een voormalige wiskundedocent, werd Schrödinger benoemd tot hoogleraar-directeur van de school voor theoretische natuurkunde, een functie die speciaal voor hem werd ingesteld. Hij bleef in Dublin tot aan zijn pensionering in 1955. Hierop keerde hij als hoogleraar terug naar Wenen, waar hij op 73-jarige leeftijd zou overlijden aan de gevolgen van tuberculose. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beschuldigingen_van_seksueel_misbruik">Beschuldigingen van seksueel misbruik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Beschuldigingen van seksueel misbruik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Beschuldigingen van seksueel misbruik"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schrödinger hield een verslag bij van zijn seksuele contacten inclusief die met kinderen die hij mogelijk seksueel misbruikte. Dit deed hij in een dagboek dat hij Ephemeridae noemde en waarin hij een "voorliefde voor tienermeisjes verklaarde omdat hun onschuld de ideale match was voor zijn natuurlijk begaafdheid"<sup id="cite_ref-irishtimes.com_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irishtimes.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Op 39-jarige leeftijd gaf Schrödinger les aan de 14-jarige "Ithi" Junger. John Gribbin schreef hierover in de biografie van Schrödinger uit 2012: "Naast de wiskunde omvatten de lessen ook "een behoorlijke hoeveelheid aaien en knuffelen" en Schrödinger overtuigde zichzelf er al snel van dat hij verliefd was op Ithi".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schrödinger verzekerde Junger dat ze niet zwanger zou worden en verleidde haar op 17-jarige leeftijd. Ze werd later zwanger en onderging een abortus die haar onvruchtbaar maakte.<sup id="cite_ref-irishtimes.com_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irishtimes.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-derstandard.at_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-derstandard.at-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schrödinger verliet haar kort daarna en ging verder met andere doelwitten.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kate Nolan, een pseudoniem dat door overgebleven familie werd gebruikt om het slachtoffer te beschermen, werd ook door Schrödinger bezwangerd zonder dat zij consent had gegeven.<sup id="cite_ref-irishtimes.com_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irishtimes.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carlo Rovelli merkt in zijn boek Helgoland op dat Schrödinger "altijd meerdere relaties tegelijk onderhield - en geen geheim maakte van zijn fascinatie voor preadolescente meisjes." In Ierland, schrijft Rovelli, had hij elk één kind van twee studentes die in een artikel in Der Standard worden geïdentificeerd als een 26-jarige en een vijf jaar getrouwde politieke activiste.<sup id="cite_ref-derstandard.at_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-derstandard.at-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tijdens het onderzoek naar een familiestamboom ontdekte Bernard Biggar berichten dat Schrödinger zijn nicht, Barbara MacEntee, aan het verleiden was toen zij 12 jaar oud was.<sup id="cite_ref-irishtimes.com_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irishtimes.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blijkbaar adviseerde haar oom, de wiskundige en priester Pádraig de Brún, Schrödinger om haar niet langer te benaderen,<sup id="cite_ref-derstandard.at_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-derstandard.at-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en Schrödinger schreef later in zijn dagboek dat zij een van zijn "onbeantwoorde liefdes" was.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MacEntee stierf in 1995, en de verhalen doken postuum op.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walter Moore's biografie van de wetenschapper schetste dat Schrödinger's houding tegenover de vrouwen "in wezen die van een mannelijke supremacist" was,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> een beoordeling bevestigd door Helge Kragh in zijn recensie van Moore's biografie, "De verovering van vrouwen, vooral zeer jonge vrouwen, was het zout van het leven voor deze oprechte romanticus en mannelijke chauvinist."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walter Moore gebruikte Schrödingers relaties met meisjes om te karakteriseren wat Moore Schrödingers "Lolita-complex" noemde.<sup id="cite_ref-irishtimes.com_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irishtimes.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schrödingers kleinzoon en zijn moeder waren ongelukkig met de beschuldiging van Moore, en zodra de biografie was gepubliceerd, verbrak hun familie het contact met hem.<sup id="cite_ref-derstandard.at_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-derstandard.at-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In een artikel in de Irish Times van 2021 werd Schrödingers patroon van serieel misbruik door de krant aangemerkt als een "gedrag [dat] voldeed aan het profiel van een <a href="/wiki/Pedofilie" title="Pedofilie">pedofiel</a> in de algemeen aanvaarde betekenis van die term."<sup id="cite_ref-irishtimes.com_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irishtimes.com-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De natuurkundeafdeling van <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Dublin" title="Universiteit van Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a> kondigde in januari 2022 aan dat zij zouden aanbevelen een collegezaal die sinds de jaren negentig naar Schrödinger was vernoemd, een andere naam te geven in het licht van zijn geschiedenis van seksueel misbruik,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> terwijl een foto van de wetenschapper zou worden verwijderd, en de naamsverandering van een gelijknamige serie colleges zou worden overwogen.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Golfmechanica">Golfmechanica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Golfmechanica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Golfmechanica"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De basis van zijn <a href="/wiki/Golfvergelijking" title="Golfvergelijking">golfvergelijking</a> werd gelegd in 1925, toen Schrödinger zich tijdens de kerstvakantie met 'een Weense vriendin' had teruggetrokken in het Zwitserse skioord <a href="/wiki/Arosa_(Zwitserland)" title="Arosa (Zwitserland)">Arosa</a>. Zijn beschouwingen kwamen voort uit een verhandeling over het zogenaamde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf-deeltjesdualisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golf-deeltjesdualisme (de pagina bestaat niet)">golf-deeltjesdualisme</a> van de jonge Franse student <a href="/wiki/Louis-Victor_de_Broglie" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Victor de Broglie">Louis-Victor de Broglie</a>, waarop <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> hem opmerkzaam had gemaakt. De <a href="/wiki/Hypothese_van_De_Broglie" title="Hypothese van De Broglie">hypothese van De Broglie</a> zette hij om in een <a href="/wiki/Wiskunde" title="Wiskunde">wiskundige</a> vergelijking, de naar hem vernoemde <a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dingervergelijking" title="Schrödingervergelijking">schrödingervergelijking</a>. Op 27 januari publiceerde hij in <i>Annalen der Physik</i> het eerste deel van het vierdelige artikel met de titel "Kwantisering als probleem van eigenwaarden", waarin hij het concept van de <a href="/wiki/Golfmechanica" class="mw-redirect" title="Golfmechanica">golfmechanica</a> vastlegde.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1927 ontving hij de <a href="/wiki/Matteucci_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Matteucci Medal">Matteucci Medal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wat_is_Leven?"><span id="Wat_is_Leven.3F"></span>Wat is Leven?</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Wat is Leven?" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Wat is Leven?"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Minder bekend is dat Schrödinger ook beschouwd wordt als de vader van de moleculaire biologie. In Dublin hield hij – onder grote publieke belangstelling – op <a href="/wiki/5_februari" title="5 februari">5 februari</a> <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a> een 'openbare les', niet over een natuurkundig maar over een biologisch onderwerp met als titel “What is Life?”. In 1944 verscheen de lezing in boekvorm.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In zowel de lezing als in het boek, dat zou uitgroeien tot een van de invloedrijkste werken van de twintigste-eeuwse wetenschap, beargumenteerde hij dat de fundamentele natuur van levende organismen waarschijnlijk bestudeerd en begrepen konden worden in termen van natuurkundige principes, en dan in het bijzonder die van de kwantummechanica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Persoonlijk_leven">Persoonlijk leven</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Persoonlijk leven" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Persoonlijk leven"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1908 had Schrödinger als student een korte maar passionele verhouding met Ella Kolbe. Schrödinger woonde toen nog thuis, maar ze ontmoetten elkaar op de kamers van zijn medestudent Jakob Salpeter.<sup id="cite_ref-gribbin3_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gribbin3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1920 huwde Schrödinger Annemarie (Anny) Bertel (1896-1965), de dochter van een Salzburgse fotograaf, acteur en industrieel. Op 24 maart werd er een katholieke ceremonie gevierd in Anny’s parochie en twee weken later, op 6 april, nog één in een evangelische kerk. Het koppel bleef kinderloos<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, maar Schrödinger had talrijke buitenechtelijke escapades tijdens zijn leven en heeft ten minste drie buitenechtelijke kinderen verwekt bij andere vrouwen. Een van deze kinderen was Ruth Georgie Erica March, de op 30 mei 1934 in Oxford geboren dochter van hem en Hilde March, de vrouw van zijn assistent <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_March&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur March (de pagina bestaat niet)">Arthur March</a>. Schrödinger leed aan tuberculose en verbleef in de jaren 1920 verschillende malen in een <a href="/wiki/Sanatorium" title="Sanatorium">sanatorium</a> in het Zwitserse <a href="/wiki/Arosa_(Zwitserland)" title="Arosa (Zwitserland)">Arosa</a>, waar hij zijn bekende golfvergelijking ontwikkelde. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Grave_Schroedinger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Grave_Schroedinger.jpg/260px-Grave_Schroedinger.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="390" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Grave_Schroedinger.jpg/390px-Grave_Schroedinger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Grave_Schroedinger.jpg/520px-Grave_Schroedinger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Graf van Erwin en Anny Schrödinger in Alpbach. Op het graf staat zijn bekende vergelijking.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hij stierf in <a href="/wiki/Wenen" title="Wenen">Wenen</a> op 73-jarige leeftijd aan de gevolgen van tuberculose en werd begraven in <a href="/wiki/Alpbach" title="Alpbach">Alpbach</a> in Oostenrijk, op een <a href="/wiki/Rooms-Katholieke_Kerk" title="Rooms-Katholieke Kerk">katholieke</a> begraafplaats. Alhoewel Schrödinger geen katholiek was, gaf de priester die verantwoordelijk was voor de begraafplaats toch toestemming om hem daar te begraven, nadat hij vernomen had dat Schrödinger lid was van de <a href="/wiki/Pauselijke_Academie_voor_de_Wetenschappen" title="Pauselijke Academie voor de Wetenschappen">Pauselijke Academie voor de Wetenschappen</a>. Zijn vrouw stierf vier jaar later op 3 oktober 1965. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oeuvre">Oeuvre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Oeuvre" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Oeuvre"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gedurende zijn leven publiceerde Schrödinger niet alleen werken en boeken over de natuurkunde, maar schreef ook over de wetenschap bij de oude Grieken, fysische aspecten van levende materie en over menselijk temperament. Ook gaf hij een gedichtenbundel uit. Bekende werken van hem zijn onder andere: </p> <ul><li><i>Science and the Human Temperament</i> (1935)</li> <li><i>What is life?</i> (1944)</li> <li><i>Statistical Thermodynamics</i> (1946)</li> <li><i>Space-time Structure</i> (1950)</li> <li><i>Nature and the Greeks</i> (1954)</li> <li><i>Mind and Matter</i> (1958)</li> <li><i>Meine Weltansicht</i> (1961, postuum)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bibliografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="TEST__CITEREFde_Lang2011"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">de Lang, Herman</span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"></span>  (2011). <cite>Fysici van het leven</cite>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nederlands_Tijdschrift_voor_Natuurkunde" title="Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde">Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde</a></i> 77 (5): 176-179</span></li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFGribbin2013"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gribbin, John</span> (2013). <cite><i>Erwin Schrödinger and the Quantum Revolution</i></cite>. John Wiley & Sons. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-118-29926-5" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-118-29926-5">ISBN 978-1-118-29926-5</a></span>.</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Mehra, Jagdish</span>; <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Rechenberg, Helmut</span> (1987). "Volume 5: Erwin Schrödinger and the Rise of Wave Mechanics. Deel 1: Schrödinger in Vienna and Zurich, 1887-1925". <i>The Historical Development of Quantum Theory</i>.  New York: Springer.</li> <li>Walter J Moore (1992), <i>Schrödinger, life and thought</i>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780521437677" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-521-43767-7</a></li> <li>Waler J Moore (2003), <i>A Life of Erwin Schrödinger</i>, Cambridge University Press</li> <li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Newton, David E.</span> (1995). "Erwin Schrödinger". <i>Notable Twentieth-Century Scientists</i>.  Detroit: Gale Research Inc. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-8103-9181-3" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-8103-9181-3">ISBN 0-8103-9181-3 </a></span>.</li> <li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFScott1967"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Scott, William T.</span> (1967). <cite><i>Erwin Schrödinger: An Introduction to His Writings</i></cite>. University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, Mass.. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-8702-3023-9" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-8702-3023-9">ISBN 0-8702-3023-9</a></span>.</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040203110311/http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Schrodinger.html">O'Connor, Robertson, "MacTutor biografie van Erwin Schrödinger"</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1933/schrodinger-bio.html">Biografie Erwin Schrödinger</a> op Nobelprize.org</li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-scott-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-scott_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Scott</span> (1967), hoofdstuk 1: Erwin Schrödinger, Physicist and Philosopher, pp. 16-20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mehra-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mehra_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Mehra</span> en <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Rechenberg</span> (1987) paragraaf 1.3 "The Early Scientific Work of Erwin Schrödinger," pp. 109-110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gribbin5-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-gribbin5_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gribbin5_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gribbin</span> (2013), hoofdstuk 5: Solid Swiss Respectability, pp. 96-102</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-irishtimes.com-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-irishtimes.com_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-irishtimes.com_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-irishtimes.com_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-irishtimes.com_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-irishtimes.com_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-irishtimes.com_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/how-erwin-schr%C3%B6dinger-indulged-his-lolita-complex-in-ireland-1.4749204">https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/how-erwin-schr%C3%B6dinger-indulged-his-lolita-complex-in-ireland-1.4749204</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230421213512/https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/how-erwin-schr%C3%B6dinger-indulged-his-lolita-complex-in-ireland-1.4749204">Gearchiveerd</a> op 21 april 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFGribbin_131-132"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gribbin, John</span>. <cite><i>Erwin Schrödinger and the Quantum Revolution</i></cite>, p. 131-132. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-4464-6571-4" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-4464-6571-4">ISBN 978-1-4464-6571-4</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-derstandard.at-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-derstandard.at_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-derstandard.at_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-derstandard.at_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-derstandard.at_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000132657725/erwin-schroedinger-missbrauchstaeter-undoder-rufmordopfer">https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000132657725/erwin-schroedinger-missbrauchstaeter-undoder-rufmordopfer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230206152925/https://www.derstandard.at/story/2000132657725/erwin-schroedinger-missbrauchstaeter-undoder-rufmordopfer">Gearchiveerd</a> op 6 februari 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/07/books/the-lone-ranger-of-quantum-mechanics.html">https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/07/books/the-lone-ranger-of-quantum-mechanics.html</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308054743/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/07/books/the-lone-ranger-of-quantum-mechanics.html">Gearchiveerd</a> op 8 maart 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://universitytimes.ie/2022/01/physics-staff-to-call-for-schrodinger-theatre-to-be-renamed/">https://universitytimes.ie/2022/01/physics-staff-to-call-for-schrodinger-theatre-to-be-renamed/</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307163948/https://universitytimes.ie/2022/01/physics-staff-to-call-for-schrodinger-theatre-to-be-renamed/">Gearchiveerd</a> op 7 maart 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://taz.de/!5823374/">https://taz.de/!5823374/</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220104094312/https://taz.de/!5823374/">Gearchiveerd</a> op 4 januari 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18463423/">https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18463423/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFMoore"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Moore, John Walter</span>. <cite><i>Schrödinger, life and thought</i></cite>. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-521-35434-X" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-521-35434-X">ISBN 0-521-35434-X</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4026738">https://www.jstor.org/stable/4026738</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/trinity-to-drop-schroedinger-lecture-theatre-name-over-sex-abuse-52t3v06vq">https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/trinity-to-drop-schroedinger-lecture-theatre-name-over-sex-abuse-52t3v06vq</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307163939/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/trinity-to-drop-schroedinger-lecture-theatre-name-over-sex-abuse-52t3v06vq">Gearchiveerd</a> op 7 maart 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://trinitynews.ie/2022/02/schrodinger-lecture-theatre-to-be-renamed-the-physics-lecture-theatre/">https://trinitynews.ie/2022/02/schrodinger-lecture-theatre-to-be-renamed-the-physics-lecture-theatre/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFE._Schrödinger1926"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">E. Schrödinger</span> (1926). <cite>Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem I</cite>. <i>Annalen der Physik</i> <b>79</b> (4): 361-376. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19263840404">10.1002/andp.19263840404</a>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1944"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">E. Schrödinger</span> (1944). <cite><i>What is Life?</i></cite>. Cambridge University Press.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gribbin3-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gribbin3_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gribbin</span> (2013), hoofdstuk 3: Twentieth-Century Man, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Volgens biograaf <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_John_Moore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter John Moore (de pagina bestaat niet)">Walter Moore</a> verlangde Anny wel naar kinderen, maar had het koppel slechts uitzonderlijk betrekkingen met elkaar. Schrödinger schreef in zijn dagboek: “Ik heb Anny graag als vriendin, maar verafschuw haar op seksueel vlak”.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud 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data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Winnaars_van_de_Nobelprijs_voor_Natuurkunde" class="navigatie-titel">Winnaars van de <a href="/wiki/Nobelprijs_voor_Natuurkunde" title="Nobelprijs voor Natuurkunde">Nobelprijs voor Natuurkunde</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b>1901–1925:</b></td><td class="rechts">1901: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Röntgen</a> · 1902: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a> · 1903: <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Henri_Becquerel" title="Antoine Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M. Curie</a></span> · 1904: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt" title="John William Strutt">Rayleigh</a> · 1905: <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Eduard_Anton_Lenard" title="Philipp Eduard Anton Lenard">Lenard</a> · <span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">J.J. Thomson</a></span> · 1907: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Michelson" title="Albert Michelson">Michelson</a> · 1908: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Jonas_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Jonas Lippmann">Lippmann</a> · 1909: <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a> · <span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">van der Waals</a></span> · 1911: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a> · 1912: <a href="/wiki/Nils_Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Nils Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a> · <span class="nowrap">1913 <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">von Laue</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W.L. Bragg</a></span> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W.H. Bragg</a></span> · <span style="color:">1916</span> · 1917: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a> · 1918: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a> · 1919: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a> · 1920: <a href="/wiki/Charles-%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles-Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a> · 1921: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a> · <span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1923:<a href="/wiki/Robert_Millikan" title="Robert Millikan">Millikan</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1924 <a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">M. Siegbahn</a></span> · 1925: <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Hertz</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>1926–1950:</b></td><td class="rechts">1926: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Perrin" title="Jean Perrin">Perrin</a> · 1927: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Compton</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C.T.R. Wilson</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O.W. Richardson</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">de Broglie</a></span> · 1930: <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Raman" title="Chandrasekhara Raman">Raman</a> · <span style="color:">1931</span> · 1932: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a> · 1933: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Schrödinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a> · <span style="color:">1934</span> · 1935: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a> · 1936: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess" title="Victor Franz Hess">Hess</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Anderson_(natuurkundige)" title="Carl Anderson (natuurkundige)">C. Anderson</a></span> · 1937: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Davisson</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">G.P. Thomson</a></span> · 1938: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a> · 1939: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a> · <span style="color:">1940</span> · <span style="color:">1941</span> · <span style="color:">1942</span> · 1943: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a> · 1944: <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a> · 1945: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a> · 1946: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a> · 1947: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a> · 1948: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Blackett</a> · 1949: <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a> · 1950: <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Powell" title="Cecil Powell">Powell</a> ·</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>1951–1975:</b></td><td class="rechts">1951: <a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Walton</a> · 1952: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a> · 1953: <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a> · 1954: <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a> · 1955: <a href="/wiki/Willis_Lamb" title="Willis Lamb">Lamb</a> / <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a> · 1956: <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Brattain" title="Walter Brattain">Brattain</a> · 1957: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Yang</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T.D. Lee</a></span> · 1958: <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Tsjerenkov" title="Pavel Tsjerenkov">Tsjerenkov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Frank" title="Ilja Frank">Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Igor_Tamm" title="Igor Tamm">Tamm</a> · 1959: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Segrè</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a> · 1960: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Glaser" title="Donald Glaser">Glaser</a> · 1961: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Mössbauer">Mössbauer</a> · 1962: <a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Landau</a> · 1963: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Wigner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Goeppert-Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Jensen" title="Hans Jensen">Jensen</a> · 1964: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes">Townes</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Basov" title="Nikolaj Basov">Basov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Prochorov" title="Aleksandr Prochorov">Prokhorov</a> · 1965: <a href="/wiki/Shinichiro_Tomonaga" title="Shinichiro Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a> · 1966: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a> · 1967: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a> · 1968: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Alvarez" title="Luis Alvarez">Alvarez</a> · 1969: <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a> · 1970: <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Néel</a> · 1971: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Gabor</a> · 1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schrieffer" title="Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a> · 1973: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson">Josephson</a> · 1974: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a> · <span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" title="Aage Bohr">A. Bohr</a></span> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Mottelson" title="Ben Mottelson">Mottelson</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">Rainwater</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>1976–2000:</b></td><td class="rechts"><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a></span> / <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ting" title="Samuel Ting">Ting</a> · <span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Anderson_(natuurkundige)" title="Philip Anderson (natuurkundige)">P. Anderson</a></span> / <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Mott" title="Nevill Mott">Mott</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_van_Vleck" title="John van Vleck">van: Vleck</a> · 1978: <a href="/wiki/Pjotr_Kapitsa" title="Pjotr Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias" title="Arno Allan Penzias">Penzias</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">R.W. Wilson</a></span> · 1979: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Glashow" title="Sheldon Glashow">Glashow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a> · 1980: <a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Val_Fitch" title="Val Fitch">Fitch</a> · 1981: <a href="/wiki/Nico_Bloembergen" title="Nico Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schawlow" title="Arthur Schawlow">Schawlow</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">K. Siegbahn</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Wilson" title="Kenneth Wilson">K.G. Wilson</a></span> · 1983: <a href="/wiki/Subramanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subramanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Fowler" title="William Fowler">Fowler</a> · 1984: <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">van der Meer</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a></span> · 1986: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a> · 1987: <a href="/wiki/Georg_Bednorz" title="Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alex_M%C3%BCller" title="Alex Müller">Müller</a> · 1988: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Lederman" title="Leon Lederman">Lederman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a> · 1989: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Ramsey" title="Norman Ramsey">Ramsey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_Dehmelt" title="Hans Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Paul</a> · 1990: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Friedman" title="Jerome Friedman">Friedman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kendall" title="Henry Kendall">Kendall</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(natuurkundige)" title="Richard Taylor (natuurkundige)">R. Taylor</a></span> · <span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a></span> · 1992: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a> · 1993: <a href="/wiki/Russell_Hulse" title="Russell Hulse">Hulse</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Taylor" title="Joseph Taylor">J. Taylor</a></span> · 1994: <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Shull</a> · 1995: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a> · <span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/David_Morris_Lee" title="David Morris Lee">D. Lee</a></span> / <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Osheroff" title="Douglas Osheroff">Osheroff</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R.C. Richardson</a></span> · 1997: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a> / <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a></span> / <a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a> · 1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Betts_Laughlin" title="Robert Betts Laughlin">Laughlin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chee_Tsui" title="Daniel Chee Tsui">Tsui</a> · <span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerard 't Hooft">'t Hooft</a></span> / <a href="/wiki/Martinus_Veltman_(natuurkundige)" title="Martinus Veltman (natuurkundige)">Veltman</a> · 2000: <a href="/wiki/Zjores_Ivanovitsj_Alferov" title="Zjores Ivanovitsj Alferov">Alferov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><span class="nowrap">2000–heden:</span></b></td><td class="rechts">2001: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Cornell" title="Eric Cornell">Cornell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Wieman</a> · 2002: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_jr." title="Raymond Davis jr.">Davis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a> / <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a> · 2003: <a href="/wiki/Aleksej_Abrikosov" title="Aleksej Abrikosov">Abrikosov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vitali_Ginzburg" title="Vitali Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Leggett" title="Anthony Leggett">Leggett</a> · 2004: <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Politzer" title="David Politzer">Politzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a> · 2005: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Glauber" title="Roy Glauber">Glauber</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Hall_(natuurkundige)" title="John Hall (natuurkundige)">Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor Hänsch">Hänsch</a> · 2006: <a href="/wiki/John_Mather" title="John Mather">Mather</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a> · 2007: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a> · 2008: <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi" title="Makoto Kobayashi">Kobayashi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Maskawa</a> · 2009: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kao" title="Charles Kao">Kao</a> / <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" title="George E. Smith">Smith</a> · 2010: <a href="/wiki/Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a> · 2011: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a> · 2012: <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Wineland" title="David Wineland">Wineland</a> · 2013: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a> · 2014: <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a> · 2015: <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_McDonald" title="Arthur McDonald">McDonald</a> · 2016: <a href="/wiki/David_Thouless" title="David Thouless">Thouless</a> / <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Haldane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kosterlitz" title="Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a> · 2017: <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a> / <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a> · 2018: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a> · 2019: <a href="/wiki/James_Peebles" title="James Peebles">Peebles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a> · 2020: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Ghez" title="Andrea Ghez">Ghez</a> · 2021: <a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a> / <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a> · 2022: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a> · 2023: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Agostini</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Krausz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%27Huillier" title="Anne L'Huillier">L'Huillier</a> · 2024: <a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">Hopfield</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Hinton</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" class="extiw" title="commons:Erwin Schrödinger">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; 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