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hasSecondaryNav" lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr" > <div id="videoWrapperContainer" lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr"> <div id="videoWrapper" class="hidden headerPosition constrainedHeight hasStudyPane showStudy hasSecondaryNav showRuby ml-E ms-ROMAN dir-ltr" lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr"> <div class="topShadow"></div> <div class="videoNoticeContainer"> <p class="noticeText noMarkerNotice">No video available for this selection.</p> <p class="noticeText videoErrorNotice">Sorry, there was an error loading the video.</p> </div> <div id="playerShared" class="uninitialized"></div> </div> </div> <div id="study" class="clearfix activePane jwac showRuby ml-E ms-ROMAN dir-ltr"> <div id="studyWrapper"> <div class="navigationTabsContainer"> <ul class="navigationTabs"> <li class="active tabItem discover" data-related-content="studyDiscover" aria-label="discover"> <span class="icon"></span> </li> <li class="tabItem parallel" data-related-content="studyParallel" aria-label="parallel"> <span class="icon"></span> </li> <li class="tabItem marginal" data-related-content="studyMarginals" aria-label="marginal"> <span class="icon"></span> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="navigationContents"> <div id="studyDiscover" class="studyPane active tabContent"> <div class="section"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui"><strong>Overview of 2 Corinthians</strong></span></h3><div class="summaryOverview"><ul class="content"><li class='scalableui'><div class="overview chapterOnly"> <ul class="outline"><li class="L1 collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><p class="se title"><span class="itemLabel"><strong>B.</strong> </span><strong>PAUL CONFIRMS HIS LOVE FOR THE CORINTHIAN CHRISTIANS AND DESCRIBES HIS MINISTRY (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/1#h=6:0-35:0"><strong>1:12–7:16</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><span class="icon"></span></div><ul><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>1. Change in Paul’s travel plans (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/1#h=6:0-9:0"><strong>1:12-24</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Paul describes his conduct toward the Corinthians (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/1#h=6:0-7:0">1:12-14</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Paul defends himself against the accusation of being unreliable (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/1#h=7:0-9:0">1:15-24</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>2. Paul’s concern for the welfare of the Christians in Corinth (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/2#h=9:0-12:0"><strong>2:1-13</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Paul’s intention to bring the Corinthians joy (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/2#h=9:0-10:0">2:1-4</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">A sinner is forgiven and taken back into the congregation (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/2#h=10:0-11:0">2:5-11</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Because he does not find Titus in Troas, Paul feels no relief (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/2#h=11:0-12:0">2:12, 13</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>3. The glorious ministry of Paul and his associates (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/2#h=12:0-18:0"><strong>2:14–4:6</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">The ministry likened to a triumphal procession (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/2#h=12:0-13:0">2:14-17</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Letters of recommendation (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3#h=13:0-14:0">3:1-3</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">God qualifies Christians to be ministers of the new covenant (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3#h=14:0-15:0">3:4-6</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">The superior glory of the ministry of the new covenant (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3#h=15:0-17:0">3:7-18</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">The ministry that brings light through the glorious knowledge of God (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/4#h=17:0-18:0">4:1-6</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>4. As earthen vessels, Paul and his associates endure much (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/4#h=18:0-21:0"><strong>4:7-18</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Having power beyond what is normal makes it possible to endure hardships (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/4#h=18:0-20:0">4:7-15</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Tribulation is temporary, but the glory it produces is everlasting (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/4#h=20:0-21:0">4:16-18</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>5. Paul’s longing for his heavenly reward (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/5#h=21:0-23:0"><strong>5:1-10</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Heavenly body will be superior (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/5#h=21:0-22:0">5:1-5</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">While still in the flesh, anointed Christians walk by faith, not by sight (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/5#h=22:0-23:0">5:6-10</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>6. The ministry of the reconciliation (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/5#h=23:0-27:0"><strong>5:11–6:2</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Christians compelled by the love Christ has shown (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/5#h=23:0-24:0">5:11-15</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Anointed Christians in union with Christ are a new creation (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/5#h=24:0-25:0">5:16-19</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Ambassadors for Christ appeal: “Become reconciled to God” (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/5#h=25:0-26:0">5:20, 21</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Purpose of God’s undeserved kindness not to be missed (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/6#h=26:0-27:0">6:1, 2</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>7. Paul describes his ministry (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/6#h=27:0-29:0"><strong>6:3-13</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">How Christians recommend themselves as God’s ministers (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/6#h=27:0-28:0">6:3-10</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Paul’s warm feelings for his fellow believers in Corinth (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/6#h=28:0-29:0">6:11-13</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>8. Warning against spiritual uncleanness and idolatry (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/6#h=29:0-31:0"><strong>6:14–7:1</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">“Do not become unevenly yoked with unbelievers” (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/6#h=29:0-30:0">6:14-18</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Cleansing of every defilement of flesh and spirit (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/7#h=30:0-31:0">7:1</a>)</p></li></ul></li><li class="L2"><p class="s5"><strong>9. Paul’s joy over the Corinthians (</strong><a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/7#h=31:0-35:0"><strong>7:2-16</strong></a><strong>)</strong></p><ul><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Paul is proud of his brothers in Corinth (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/7#h=31:0-32:0">7:2-4</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Paul comforted by Titus’ presence and his good report (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/7#h=32:0-33:0">7:5-7</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Godly sadness and repentance lead to salvation (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/7#h=33:0-34:118">7:8-13a</a>)</p></li><li class="L3"><p class="s6">Paul’s joy over the good relationship between Titus and the Corinthians (<a class="outlineItem noTooltips" href="/en/wol/b/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/7#h=33:964-35:0">7:13b-16</a>)</p></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div> </li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-3-1" data-section-citation="047003001047003001"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 3:1</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p4" data-pid="4" class="s5"><strong>letters of recommendation:</strong> In the first century C.E., people relied on letters from a credible source to introduce a stranger and to authenticate his or her identity or authority. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/1/0" data-bid="2-1" class="b">Ac 18:27</a>; see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/0/0">study note on Ro 16:1</a>.) Letters of this kind were common, and standard formulas for compiling them could be found in guides to letter writing. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/2/0" data-bid="3-1" class="b">Ac 28:21</a>) At <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/3/0" data-bid="4-1" class="b">2Co 3:1</a>, Paul’s point is that he did not need such letters to or from the Corinthians to prove that he was a minister. He had helped them to become Christians and could therefore say: “You yourselves are our letter.”—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/4/0" data-bid="5-1" class="b">2Co 3:2</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/42" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-43"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 18:27</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-43" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-43" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p86" data-pid="86" class="se"></p> <p id="p87" data-pid="87" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/105/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 408</a></p> <div id="p88" data-pid="88"><p data-pid="88" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/106/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="88" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/106/0">7/15/1990, pp. 13-14</a></p> </div><p id="p89" data-pid="89" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p32" data-pid="32" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/30/0">it-2 408;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/30/2"> w90 7/15 13-14;</a></p> <p id="p33" data-pid="33" class="sx"></p> <p id="p27" data-pid="27" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/25/0">w85 9/1 25-26;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/25/2"> w84 2/1 12;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/25/4"> ad 1162;</a><span class="ni"> qm 11;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/25/6"> w61 51;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/25/7"> w55 669;</a><span class="ni"> qm55 11;</span><span class="ni"> w44 134</span></p> <p id="p28" data-pid="28" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-3-2" data-section-citation="047003002047003002"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 3:2</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p6" data-pid="6" class="s5"><strong>You yourselves are our letter:</strong> This is Paul’s answer to the question he raises in the preceding verse. The implied answer is, “No, we do not need any written certificate authorizing us to be God’s ministers. You are our living letter of recommendation.” The Christian congregation in Corinth was evidence that Paul was a minister of God.</p> <p id="p7" data-pid="7" class="s5"><strong>inscribed on our hearts:</strong> Paul carried the members of the congregation along with him in his affections. He had trained them to be public witnesses of God and Christ, so they were a letter on open display, <strong>known and being read by all mankind.</strong></p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/43" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-44"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Co 9:2</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-44" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-44" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p89" data-pid="89" class="se"></p> <p id="p90" data-pid="90" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/107/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 2<em>,</em> p. 408</a></p> <div id="p91" data-pid="91"><p data-pid="91" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/108/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="91" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/108/0">7/15/1990, pp. 13-14</a></p><p data-pid="91" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/109/0">6/15/1988, p. 30</a></p> </div><p id="p92" data-pid="92" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p33" data-pid="33" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/31/0">it-2 408;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/31/2"> w90 7/15 13-14;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/31/4"> w88 6/15 30;</a></p> <p id="p34" data-pid="34" class="sx"></p> <p id="p28" data-pid="28" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/26/0">w85 9/1 25-26;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/26/2"> w84 8/15 14;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/26/5"> w82 11/15 21-22;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/26/7"> w74 125;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/26/9"> ad 730,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/26/10"> 1162;</a><span class="ni"> qm 11;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/26/12"> w61 51;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/26/13"> w56 606;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/26/14"> w55 669;</a><span class="ni"> w44 134</span></p> <p id="p29" data-pid="29" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-3-3" data-section-citation="047003003047003003"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 3:3</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p9" data-pid="9" class="s5"><strong>a letter of Christ written by us as ministers:</strong> Jesus Christ selected Paul to be “a chosen vessel” and “to bear [Christ’s] name to the [non-Jewish] nations” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/7/0" data-bid="8-1" class="b">Ac 9:15</a>), and he used Paul as his minister in writing such a letter of recommendation. Every Sabbath, Paul preached in Corinth to win over both Jews and Greeks. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/8/0" data-bid="9-1" class="b">Ac 18:4-11</a>) Paul could not have written such a letter on his own initiative, for Jesus had told his disciples: “Apart from me you can do nothing at all.”—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/9/0" data-bid="10-1" class="b">Joh 15:5</a>.</p> <p id="p10" data-pid="10" class="s5"><strong>on fleshly tablets, on hearts:</strong> Or “on tablets, on hearts of flesh” or “on tablets of human hearts.” The Law of Moses was written <strong>on stone tablets.</strong> (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/10/0" data-bid="11-1" class="b">Ex 31:18;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/10/1" data-bid="11-2" class="b"> 34:1</a>) In this context, the Law covenant is contrasted with the new covenant that was promised in Jeremiah’s prophecy, where Jehovah declares: “I will put my law within them, and in their heart I will write it.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/11/0" data-bid="12-1" class="b">Jer 31:31-33</a>) Ezekiel prophesied about the releasing of God’s people from Babylonian captivity, describing how Jehovah would remove “the heart of stone,” that is, the unresponsive heart, and give them “a heart of flesh,” that is, a soft, pliable, obedient heart, one sensitive to God’s guidance.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/12/0" data-bid="13-1" class="b">Eze 11:19;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/12/1" data-bid="13-2" class="b"> 36:26</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/44" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-45"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Co 3:5</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-45" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-45" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/45" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-46"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 31:18; 34:1</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-46" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-46" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/46" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-47"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Pr 3:3; 7:3</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-47" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-47" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p92" data-pid="92" class="se"></p> <div id="p93" data-pid="93"><p data-pid="93" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/110/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="93" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/110/0">7/15/1990, pp. 13-14</a></p><p data-pid="93" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/111/0">6/15/1988, p. 30</a></p> </div><p id="p94" data-pid="94" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p34" data-pid="34" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/32/0">w90 7/15 13-14;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/32/2"> w88 6/15 30;</a></p> <p id="p35" data-pid="35" class="sx"></p> <p id="p29" data-pid="29" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/27/0">w85 9/1 25-26;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/27/2"> w84 8/15 14-15;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/27/4"> w82 11/15 21-22;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/27/6"> w74 125;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/27/8"> ad 730;</a><span class="ni"> qm 11;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/27/10"> w63 87;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/27/11"> w60 537;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/27/12"> w56 606;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/27/13"> w55 669;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/27/14"> w51 622;</a><span class="ni"> w44 134</span></p> <p id="p30" data-pid="30" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-3-4" data-section-citation="047003004047003004"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 3:4</span></h3><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p94" data-pid="94" class="se"></p> <div id="p95" data-pid="95"><p data-pid="95" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/112/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="95" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/112/0">7/15/1990, pp. 14-15</a></p> </div><p id="p96" data-pid="96" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p35" data-pid="35" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/33/0">w90 7/15 14-15;</a></p> <p id="p36" data-pid="36" class="sx"></p> <p id="p30" data-pid="30" class="sx"><span class="ni">w44 135</span></p> <p id="p31" data-pid="31" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-3-5" data-section-citation="047003005047003005"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 3:5</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p12" data-pid="12" class="s5"><strong>our being adequately qualified comes from God:</strong> In this context, the Greek words rendered “adequately qualified” have the basic meaning “enough; sufficient; fit.” When used with reference to people, these terms may mean “competent; able; worthy.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/14/0" data-bid="15-1" class="b">Lu 22:38;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/14/1" data-bid="15-2" class="b"> Ac 17:9;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/14/2" data-bid="15-3" class="b"> 2Co 2:16;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/14/3" data-bid="15-4" class="b"> 3:6</a>) The whole phrase could be rendered: “It is God who causes us to be able to do this work.” One of these Greek terms is found at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/15/0" data-bid="16-1" class="b">Ex 4:10</a> in the <em>Septuagint,</em> which relates how Moses felt inadequate to appear before Pharaoh. According to the Hebrew text, Moses said: “I have never been a fluent speaker [lit., “a man of words”].” However, the <em>Septuagint</em> translates this phrase “I am not adequately qualified.” Nevertheless, Jehovah qualified Moses for the commission. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/16/0" data-bid="17-1" class="b">Ex 4:11, 12</a>) In a similar manner, Christian ministers are qualified by means of “the spirit of a living God.”—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/17/0" data-bid="18-1" class="b">2Co 3:3</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/47" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-48"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 4:12, 15; Php 2:13; 2Ti 3:16, 17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-48" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-48" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p96" data-pid="96" class="se"></p> <p id="p97" data-pid="97" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/113/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> p. 218</a></p> <div id="p98" data-pid="98"><p data-pid="98" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/114/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="98" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/114/0">7/15/2008, p. 28</a></p><p data-pid="98" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/115/0">2/15/2002, pp. 24-25</a></p><p data-pid="98" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/116/0">11/15/2000, pp. 17-19</a></p><p data-pid="98" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/117/0">7/15/1990, pp. 14-15</a></p> </div><p id="p99" data-pid="99" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p36" data-pid="36" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/34/0">it-1 218;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/34/2"> w08 7/15 28;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/34/4"> w02 2/15 24-25;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/34/6"> w00 11/15 17-19;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/34/8"> w90 7/15 14-15;</a></p> <p id="p37" data-pid="37" class="sx"></p> <p id="p31" data-pid="31" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/29/0">w85 9/1 22-23;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/29/2"> w74 367-368;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/29/4"> w73 532;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/29/6"> w71 332;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/29/8"> w62 626;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/29/9"> w55 657;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/29/10"> w53 732;</a><span class="ni"> w44 135</span></p> <p id="p32" data-pid="32" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-3-6" data-section-citation="047003006047003006"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 3:6</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p14" data-pid="14" class="s5"><strong>ministers:</strong> Or “servants.” The Bible often uses the Greek word <em>di·aʹko·nos</em> to refer to one who does not let up in humbly rendering service in behalf of others. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/1/0">study note on Mt 20:26</a>.) Here Paul speaks of himself, Timothy, and all spirit-anointed Christians as “ministers of a new covenant.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/19/0" data-bid="20-1" class="b">2Co 1:1</a>) This means that among other things, they were serving its interests by preaching and teaching the good news in order to help others to come into the new covenant or to receive its benefits.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/2/0">study note on Ro 11:13</a>.</p> <p id="p15" data-pid="15" class="s5"><strong>a new covenant:</strong> Through the prophet Jeremiah, Jehovah foretold “a new covenant” that would be different from the Law covenant. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/20/0" data-bid="21-1" class="b">Jer 31:31-34</a>) The Law covenant was between Jehovah and natural Israel; the new covenant is between Jehovah and spiritual Israel. Moses was the mediator of the Law covenant; Jesus is the Mediator of the new covenant. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/21/0" data-bid="22-1" class="b">Ro 2:28, 29;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/21/1" data-bid="22-2" class="b"> Ga 6:15, 16;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/21/2" data-bid="22-3" class="b"> Heb 8:6,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/21/3" data-bid="22-4" class="b"> 10;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/21/4" data-bid="22-5" class="b"> 12:22-24</a>) The Law covenant was validated by animal blood; the new covenant was validated by the shed blood of Jesus, as Jesus pointed out when he mentioned “the new covenant” on the night before his death, Nisan 14, 33 C.E.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/22/0" data-bid="23-1" class="b">Lu 22:20</a> and <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/3/0">study note;</a> <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/23/0" data-bid="24-1" class="b">1Co 11:25</a>.</p> <p id="p16" data-pid="16" class="s5"><strong>not of a written code:</strong> Spirit-anointed Christians are not ministers of the Law covenant, some of which was written on tablets and later copied on scrolls. Rather, the new covenant is one <strong>of spirit,</strong> that is, God’s spirit. The written code condemned the Israelites to death, but ministers of the new covenant are led by God’s spirit to everlasting life. That spirit enables them to keep integrity and to cultivate the qualities needed to gain their eternal reward.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/24/0" data-bid="25-1" class="b">2Co 1:21, 22;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/24/1" data-bid="25-2" class="b"> Eph 1:13, 14;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/24/2" data-bid="25-3" class="b"> Tit 3:4-7</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/48" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-49"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Heb 8:6</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-49" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-49" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/49" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-50"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 7:6; 13:9</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-50" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-50" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/50" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-51"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ga 3:10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-51" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-51" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/51" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-52"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joh 6:63</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-52" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-52" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p99" data-pid="99" class="se"></p> <div id="p100" data-pid="100"><p data-pid="100" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/118/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="100" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/118/0">2/15/2002, pp. 24-25</a></p><p data-pid="100" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/119/0">11/15/2000, pp. 17-19</a></p><p data-pid="100" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/120/0">7/15/1990, pp. 14-15</a></p> </div><p id="p101" data-pid="101" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/121/0"><em>“All Scripture,”</em> p. 24</a></p> <p id="p102" data-pid="102" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/122/0"><em>Worldwide Security,</em> pp. 108-112</a></p> <p id="p103" data-pid="103" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p37" data-pid="37" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/35/0">w02 2/15 24-25;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/35/2"> w00 11/15 17-19;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/35/4"> w90 7/15 14-15;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/35/7"> si 24;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/35/9"> ws 108-112;</a></p> <p id="p38" data-pid="38" class="sx"></p> <p id="p32" data-pid="32" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/30/0">w79 11/15 25-26;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/30/3"> w71 457;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/30/5"> w71 692;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/30/7"> w66 115;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/30/8"> w64 406;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/30/9"> w62 145,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/30/10"> 626;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/30/11"> w55 657;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/30/12"> w53 732;</a><span class="ni"> w49 74;</span><span class="ni"> w44 135,</span><span class="ni"> 326;</span><span class="ni"> w34 135,</span><span class="ni"> 150;</span><span class="ni"> jh 203,</span><span class="ni"> 220</span></p> <p id="p33" data-pid="33" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-3-7" data-section-citation="047003007047003007"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 3:7</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p18" data-pid="18" class="s5"><strong>the code that administers death:</strong> This expression refers to the Mosaic Law. The Law made transgression, or sin, manifest. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/26/0" data-bid="27-1" class="b">Ga 3:19</a>) Therefore, it could be said that it “condemns to death.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/27/0" data-bid="28-1" class="b">2Co 3:6;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/27/1" data-bid="28-2" class="b"> Ga 3:10</a>) The Law covenant foreshadowed the new covenant that was foretold by Jeremiah (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/28/0" data-bid="29-1" class="b">Jer 31:31-33</a>) and that Paul calls “the administering of the spirit” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/29/0" data-bid="30-1" class="b">2Co 3:8</a>). The new covenant is superior to the Law covenant because those who are in the new covenant are followers of the Chief Agent of life, Jesus Christ. So the new covenant brings, not death, but life.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/30/0" data-bid="31-1" class="b">Ac 3:15</a>.</p> <p id="p19" data-pid="19" class="s5"><strong>with such glory:</strong> In this passage (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/31/0" data-bid="32-1" class="b">2Co 3:7-18</a>), Paul discusses the superior glory of the new covenant compared with the glory of the old covenant. This is the theme of this part of his discussion, as is evident by the fact that in these verses, he uses Greek words that refer to “glory” or “to be glorious” 13 times. The Greek noun rendered “glory” originally meant “opinion; reputation,” but in the Christian Greek Scriptures, it came to mean “glory; splendor; grandeur.”</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/52" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-53"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 7:10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-53" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-53" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/53" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-54"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 31:18; 32:16</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-54" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-54" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/54" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-55"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 34:29, 30</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-55" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-55" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p103" data-pid="103" class="se"></p> <div id="p104" data-pid="104"><p data-pid="104" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/123/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="104" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/123/0">7/15/1990, p. 16</a></p> </div><p id="p105" data-pid="105" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p38" data-pid="38" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/36/0">w90 7/15 16;</a></p> <p id="p39" data-pid="39" class="sx"></p> <p id="p33" data-pid="33" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/31/0">w76 327;</a><span class="ni"> ns 113;</span><span class="ni"> w47 183;</span><span class="ni"> w34 151</span></p> <p id="p34" data-pid="34" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-3-8" data-section-citation="047003008047003008"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 3:8</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/55" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-56"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 2:1, 4</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-56" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-56" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/56" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-57"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Pe 4:14</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-57" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-57" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p105" data-pid="105" class="se"></p> <div id="p106" data-pid="106"><p data-pid="106" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/124/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="106" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/124/0">7/15/1990, p. 16</a></p> </div><p id="p107" data-pid="107" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p39" data-pid="39" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/37/0">w90 7/15 16;</a></p> <p id="p40" data-pid="40" class="sx"></p> <p id="p34" data-pid="34" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/32/0">w76 327</a></p> <p id="p35" data-pid="35" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-3-9" data-section-citation="047003009047003009"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 3:9</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p21" data-pid="21" class="s5"><strong>the code administering condemnation:</strong> Here again Paul refers to the Mosaic Law, which “condemns to death.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/33/0" data-bid="34-1" class="b">2Co 3:6</a>; see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/4/0">study note on 2Co 3:7</a>.) Paul refers to the new covenant as <strong>the administering of righteousness.</strong> Spirit-anointed Christians who are in the new covenant shine with a spiritual glory that is far greater than the literal glory that accompanied the giving of the Mosaic Law. They do this by reflecting God’s qualities. The new covenant provides “forgiveness of sins” and “a royal priesthood” for the blessing of all mankind, so its benefits far exceed those of the Law covenant, which could not bring righteousness.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/34/0" data-bid="35-1" class="b">Mt 26:28;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/34/1" data-bid="35-2" class="b"> Ac 5:31;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/34/2" data-bid="35-3" class="b"> 1Pe 2:9</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/57" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-58"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">De 27:26</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-58" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-58" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/58" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-59"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 34:35</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-59" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-59" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/59" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-60"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 3:21, 22</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-60" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-60" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p35" data-pid="35" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/33/0">w76 327;</a><span class="ni"> w47 183</span></p> <p id="p36" data-pid="36" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-3-10" data-section-citation="047003010047003010"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 3:10</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/60" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-61"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Col 2:16, 17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-61" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-61" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-3-11" data-section-citation="047003011047003011"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 3:11</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/61" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-62"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 19:16; 24:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-62" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-62" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/62" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-63"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Heb 12:22-24</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-63" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-63" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p36" data-pid="36" class="sx"><span class="ni">w34 151;</span><span class="ni"> jh 224</span></p> <p id="p37" data-pid="37" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-3-12" data-section-citation="047003012047003012"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 3:12</span></h3><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/63" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-64"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Pe 1:3, 4</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-64" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-64" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p107" data-pid="107" class="se"></p> <div id="p108" data-pid="108"><p data-pid="108" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/125/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="108" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/125/0">7/15/1990, p. 16</a></p> </div><p id="p109" data-pid="109" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p40" data-pid="40" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/38/0">w90 7/15 16;</a></p> <p id="p41" data-pid="41" class="sx"></p> <p id="p37" data-pid="37" class="sx"><span class="ni">w34 151;</span><span class="ni"> jh 224</span></p> <p id="p38" data-pid="38" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-3-13" data-section-citation="047003013047003013"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 3:13</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p23" data-pid="23" class="s5"><strong>he would put a veil over his face:</strong> Paul explains that Moses wore a veil because of the fleshly thinking and the bad heart condition of the Israelites. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/36/0" data-bid="37-1" class="b">2Co 3:7,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/36/1" data-bid="37-2" class="b"> 14</a>) The Israelites were God’s chosen people, and Jehovah wanted them to draw close to him. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/37/0" data-bid="38-1" class="b">Ex 19:4-6</a>) Yet, unlike Moses, who spoke with Jehovah “face-to-face” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/38/0" data-bid="39-1" class="b">Ex 33:11</a>), they were reluctant to gaze intently on what was merely a reflection of God’s glory. Instead of turning their hearts and minds toward Jehovah in loving devotion, they figuratively turned away from him.</p> <p id="p24" data-pid="24" class="s5"><strong>sons of Israel:</strong> Or “the people of Israel; the Israelites.”—See Glossary, “<a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/5/0">Israel</a>.”</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/64" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-65"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 34:33-35</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-65" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-65" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p109" data-pid="109" class="se"></p> <div id="p110" data-pid="110"><p data-pid="110" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/126/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="110" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/126/0">7/15/1990, p. 16</a></p> </div><p id="p111" data-pid="111" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p41" data-pid="41" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/39/0">w90 7/15 16;</a></p> <p id="p42" data-pid="42" class="sx"></p> <p id="p38" data-pid="38" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/36/0">w65 492;</a><span class="ni"> ns 113;</span><span class="ni"> w34 151;</span><span class="ni"> jh 224</span></p> <p id="p39" data-pid="39" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-3-14" data-section-citation="047003014047003014"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 3:14</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p26" data-pid="26" class="s5"><strong>their minds were dulled:</strong> Because the Israelites at Mount Sinai did not have their hearts fully turned to Jehovah, “their minds,” or mental powers, “were dulled,” or lit., “were hardened.” The same was true of the Jews who continued to observe the Law after God, through Jesus, abolished it. They did not see that the Law pointed to Jesus. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/40/0" data-bid="41-1" class="b">Col 2:17</a>) Paul uses the term <strong>veil</strong> figuratively in the sense of something that prevents people from seeing, or understanding. It was <strong>only by means of Christ,</strong> that is, only by recognizing him as the Messiah and exercising faith in him, that this veil could be taken away so that they could get a clear understanding of God’s purposes.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/41/0" data-bid="42-1" class="b">Lu 2:32</a>.</p> <p id="p27" data-pid="27" class="s5"><strong>when the old covenant is read:</strong> Paul is speaking of the Law covenant recorded in the books of Exodus through Deuteronomy, which make up only part of the Hebrew Scriptures. He calls it “the old covenant” because it was replaced by “a new covenant” and was canceled on the basis of Jesus’ death on the torture stake.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/42/0" data-bid="43-1" class="b">Jer 31:31-34;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/42/1" data-bid="43-2" class="b"> Heb 8:13;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/42/2" data-bid="43-3" class="b"> Col 2:14</a>; see <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/6/0">study notes on Ac 13:15;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/7/0"> 15:21</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/65" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-66"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 11:7</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-66" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-66" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/66" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-67"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joh 12:40</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-67" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-67" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/67" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-68"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 7:6; Eph 2:15</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-68" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-68" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p111" data-pid="111" class="se"></p> <p id="p112" data-pid="112" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/127/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> p. 308</a></p> <div id="p113" data-pid="113"><p data-pid="113" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/128/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="113" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/128/0">4/1/2009, p. 21</a></p><p data-pid="113" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/129/0">8/15/2005, p. 20</a></p><p data-pid="113" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/130/0">3/15/2004, p. 16</a></p><p data-pid="113" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/131/0">2/1/1998, p. 10</a></p><p data-pid="113" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/132/0">3/1/1995, p. 19</a></p><p data-pid="113" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/133/0">7/15/1990, p. 16</a></p> </div><p id="p114" data-pid="114" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/134/0"><em>“All Scripture,”</em> p. 11</a></p> <p id="p115" data-pid="115" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p42" data-pid="42" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/40/0">it-1 308;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/40/2"> w09 4/1 21;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/40/4"> w05 8/15 20;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/40/6"> w04 3/15 16;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/40/8"> w98 2/1 10;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/40/10"> w95 3/1 19;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/40/12"> w90 7/15 16;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/40/14"> si 11;</a></p> <p id="p43" data-pid="43" class="sx"></p> <p id="p39" data-pid="39" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/37/0">int 1158-1159;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/37/1"> Rbi8 1585;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/37/2"> w65 492;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/37/3"> w64 406;</a><span class="ni"> ns 113;</span><span class="ni"> bi7-50 6;</span><span class="ni"> w34 151;</span><span class="ni"> jh 225</span></p> <p id="p40" data-pid="40" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-3-15" data-section-citation="047003015047003015"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 3:15</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p29" data-pid="29" class="s5"><strong>a veil lies upon their hearts:</strong> The Jews rejected the good news that Jesus preached. As a result, when the Law was read, they did not perceive that it was leading them to Christ. Even though they read the inspired Scriptures, they had neither a proper heart attitude nor a spirit of faith and humility. The only way for them to have “the veil . . . taken away” would be to turn to Jehovah in humility and sincerity, in wholehearted submission and devotion, recognizing that a new covenant had been made operative.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/44/0" data-bid="45-1" class="b">2Co 3:16</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/68" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-69"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 15:21</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-69" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-69" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/69" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-70"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 11:8; 2Co 4:3, 4</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-70" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-70" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p40" data-pid="40" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/38/0">w65 492;</a><span class="ni"> ns 113;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/38/2"> w52 504;</a><span class="ni"> w34 151;</span><span class="ni"> jh 226</span></p> <p id="p41" data-pid="41" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-3-16" data-section-citation="047003016047003016"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 3:16</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p31" data-pid="31" class="s5"><strong>when one turns to Jehovah:</strong> In this passage (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/46/0" data-bid="47-1" class="b">2Co 3:7-18</a>), Paul is discussing the excelling glory of the new covenant as compared with the Law covenant made with Israel through Moses as mediator. Paul is alluding to what is described at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/47/0" data-bid="48-1" class="b">Ex 34:34</a>. The Greek verb at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/48/0" data-bid="49-1" class="b">2Co 3:16</a> rendered “turns” means “to return; to turn back (around)” in a literal sense. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/49/0" data-bid="50-1" class="b">Ac 15:36</a>) When used in a spiritual sense, it may denote turning or returning to God from a wrong way. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/50/0" data-bid="51-1" class="b">Ac 3:19;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/50/1" data-bid="51-2" class="b"> 14:15;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/50/2" data-bid="51-3" class="b"> 15:19;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/50/3" data-bid="51-4" class="b"> 26:18,</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/50/4" data-bid="51-5" class="b"> 20</a>) In this context, turning to Jehovah involves turning to him in humility and sincerity, in wholehearted submission and devotion, recognizing that a new covenant is in force. Since <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/51/0" data-bid="52-1" class="b">2Co 3:14</a> shows that the symbolic veil is taken away “only by means of Christ,” turning to Jehovah would also include recognizing the role of Jesus Christ as Mediator of the new covenant.—See <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/0">App. C3 introduction;</a> <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/1">2Co 3:16</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/70" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-71"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 34:34</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-71" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-71" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p115" data-pid="115" class="se"></p> <div id="p116" data-pid="116"><p data-pid="116" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/135/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="116" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/135/0">4/2018, p. 9</a></p> </div><div id="p117" data-pid="117"><p data-pid="117" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/136/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="117" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/136/0">8/15/2005, p. 23</a></p><p data-pid="117" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/137/0">7/15/1990, pp. 16-17</a></p> </div><p id="p118" data-pid="118" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p43" data-pid="43" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/41/0">w18.04 9;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/41/2"> w05 8/15 23;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/41/4"> w90 7/15 16;</a></p> <p id="p44" data-pid="44" class="sx"></p> <p id="p41" data-pid="41" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/39/0">w73 437;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/39/2"> w65 492;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/39/3"> w64 406;</a><span class="ni"> ns 113;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/39/5"> w52 504;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/39/6"> w51 621;</a><span class="ni"> w34 152;</span><span class="ni"> jh 226</span></p> <p id="p42" data-pid="42" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-3-17" data-section-citation="047003017047003017"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 3:17</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p33" data-pid="33" class="s5"><strong>Jehovah is the Spirit:</strong> This statement is similar to what Jesus said, as recorded at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/53/0" data-bid="54-1" class="b">Joh 4:24</a>: “God is a Spirit.” The Greek word <em>pneuʹma</em> is used here in the sense of a spirit person, or being.—See Glossary, “<a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/8/0">Spirit</a>”; and <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/9/0">study note on Joh 4:24</a>; see also <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/2">App. C3 introduction;</a> <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/3">2Co 3:17</a>.</p> <p id="p34" data-pid="34" class="s5"><strong>where the spirit of Jehovah is, there is freedom:</strong> Paul here directs his fellow believers to the Source of true freedom, the Creator of all things, the only One who enjoys absolute and unlimited freedom. To enjoy true freedom, a person “turns to Jehovah,” that is, comes into a personal relationship with him. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/54/0" data-bid="55-1" class="b">2Co 3:16</a>) The freedom that is associated with “the spirit of Jehovah” is more than liberation from physical slavery. “The spirit of Jehovah” brings liberation from enslavement to sin and death, as well as from slavery to false worship and its practices. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/55/0" data-bid="56-1" class="b">Ro 6:23;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/55/1" data-bid="56-2" class="b"> 8:2</a>) God’s holy spirit also promotes true freedom by producing within Christians the qualities that are essential to freedom.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/56/0" data-bid="57-1" class="b">Ga 5:22, 23</a>.</p> <p id="p35" data-pid="35" class="s5"><strong>the spirit of Jehovah:</strong> That is, Jehovah’s active force. (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/10/0">study note on Ac 5:9</a>.) The reasons why the <em>New World Translation</em> uses the divine name in the main text are explained in <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/4">App. C1</a> and <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/5">C3 introduction;</a> <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/6">2Co 3:17</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/71" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-72"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joh 4:24</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-72" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-72" class="extract"></div></div></li><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/72" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-73"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Isa 61:1; Ro 6:14; 8:15; Ga 5:1, 13, 18</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-73" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-73" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p118" data-pid="118" class="se"></p> <div id="p119" data-pid="119"><p data-pid="119" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/138/0"><em>The Watchtower</em> (Study)<em>,</em></a></p><p data-pid="119" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/138/0">11/2018, pp. 19-20</a></p><p data-pid="119" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/139/0">4/2018, pp. 8-9</a></p> </div><div id="p120" data-pid="120"><p data-pid="120" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/140/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="120" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/140/0">7/15/2012, p. 10</a></p><p data-pid="120" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/141/0">1/15/1991, p. 6</a></p> </div><p id="p121" data-pid="121" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/142/0"><em>Creator,</em> pp. 87-88</a></p> <p id="p122" data-pid="122" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p44" data-pid="44" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/42/0">w18.04 8-9;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/42/2"> w18.11 19-20;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/42/4"> w12 7/15 10;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/42/6"> ct 87-88;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/42/8"> w91 1/15 6;</a></p> <p id="p45" data-pid="45" class="sx"></p> <p id="p42" data-pid="42" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/40/0">hs 161-162;</a><span class="ni"> li 41;</span><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/40/3"> w51 453,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/40/4"> 621;</a><span class="ni"> w34 152;</span><span class="ni"> jh 227</span></p> <p id="p43" data-pid="43" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" data-key="47-3-18" data-section-citation="047003018047003018"><h3 class="title"><span class="scalableui">2 Corinthians 3:18</span></h3><div class="studyNoteGroup"><ul class="content"><li class="item studyNote" data-extract-id=""><span class="scalableui"><p id="p37" data-pid="37" class="s5"><strong>reflect like mirrors:</strong> Ancient hand mirrors were made of such metals as bronze or copper, and many were highly polished so as to have good reflecting surfaces. Like mirrors, spirit-anointed Christians reflect God’s glory that shines on them from Jesus Christ. They are “transformed into the same image” conveyed by Jehovah’s Son. (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/58/0" data-bid="59-1" class="b">2Co 4:6;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/58/1" data-bid="59-2" class="b"> Eph 5:1</a>) Through holy spirit and the Scriptures, God creates in them “the new personality,” a reflection of his own qualities.—<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/59/0" data-bid="60-1" class="b">Eph 4:24;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/59/1" data-bid="60-2" class="b"> Col 3:10</a>.</p> <p id="p38" data-pid="38" class="s5"><strong>the glory of Jehovah:</strong> The Greek word here rendered “glory” (<em>doʹxa</em>) originally meant “opinion; reputation,” but as used in the Christian Greek Scriptures, it came to mean “glory; splendor; grandeur.” The corresponding Hebrew term (<em>ka·vohdhʹ</em>) has the basic sense of “heaviness” and may refer to anything that makes a person or a thing seem weighty, or impressive. So God’s glory may refer to an impressive evidence of his almighty power. In the Bible, the Hebrew term for “glory” occurs along with the Tetragrammaton more than 30 times. Some examples are found at <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/60/0" data-bid="61-1" class="b">Ex 16:7;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/60/1" data-bid="61-2" class="b"> Le 9:6;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/60/2" data-bid="61-3" class="b"> Nu 14:10;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/60/3" data-bid="61-4" class="b"> 1Ki 8:11;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/60/4" data-bid="61-5" class="b"> 2Ch 5:14;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/60/5" data-bid="61-6" class="b"> Ps 104:31;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/60/6" data-bid="61-7" class="b"> Isa 35:2;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/60/7" data-bid="61-8" class="b"> Eze 1:28;</a><a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/60/8" data-bid="61-9" class="b"> Hab 2:14</a>.—See <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/7">App. C3 introduction;</a> <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/8">2Co 3:18</a>.</p> <p id="p39" data-pid="39" class="s5"><strong>from one degree of glory to another:</strong> Lit., “from glory to glory.” Spirit-anointed Christians reflect more and more of Jehovah’s glory as they make spiritual progress. They are <strong>transformed</strong> into God’s image that is reflected by his Son, “the Christ, who is the image of God.” (<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/61/0" data-bid="62-1" class="b">2Co 4:4</a>) It is worth noting that the Greek verb rendered “transformed” (<em>me·ta·mor·phoʹo</em>) is also used by Paul in his letter to the Romans.—See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/11/0">study note on Ro 12:2</a>.</p> <p id="p40" data-pid="40" class="s5"><strong>by Jehovah the Spirit:</strong> This rendering is in agreement with the first part of <a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/62/0" data-bid="63-1" class="b">2Co 3:17</a>, where it says that “Jehovah is the Spirit.” (See <a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/12/0">study note</a>.) However, it is also possible to render this phrase “by the spirit of Jehovah.” Grammatically, either rendering is correct.—See <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/9">App. C3 introduction;</a> <a class="it" href="/en/wol/tc/r1/lp-e/1001070752/10">2Co 3:18</a>.</p> </span></li></ul></div><div class="group marginal"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Marginal References</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item collapsible marginal marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/73" data-extract-id="verseMarginal-74"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="scalableui">+</span></span><span class="icon"></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 4:6; Eph 4:23, 24; 5:1</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-74" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="verseMarginal-74" class="extract"></div></div></li></ul></div><div class="group index collapsible collapsed"><div class="header"><span class="marker"><span class="icon"></span></span><span class="icon"></span><h4 class="title"><span class="scalableui">Indexes</span></h4></div><ul class="content"><li class="item ref-rsg" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Research Guide</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p122" data-pid="122" class="se"></p> <p id="p123" data-pid="123" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/143/0"><em>Insight,</em> Volume 1<em>,</em> pp. 964,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/144/0"> 1185</a></p> <div id="p124" data-pid="124"><p data-pid="124" class="su"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/145/0"><em>The Watchtower,</em></a></p><p data-pid="124" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/145/0">5/15/2012, pp. 23-24</a></p><p data-pid="124" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/146/0">8/15/2005, pp. 14-15,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/147/0"> 24</a></p><p data-pid="124" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/148/0">3/15/2004, pp. 16-17</a></p><p data-pid="124" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/149/0">9/15/1990, p. 26</a></p><p data-pid="124" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/150/0">8/15/1990, p. 29</a></p><p data-pid="124" class="sk"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1204437/151/0">7/15/1990, pp. 16-18</a></p> </div><p id="p125" data-pid="125" class="se"></p> </span></li><li class="item ref-dx" data-extract-id=""><div class="subtitle">Publications Index</div><span class="scalableui"><p id="p45" data-pid="45" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/43/0">it-1 964,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/43/2"> 1185;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/43/4"> w12 5/15 23-24;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/43/6"> w05 8/15 14-15,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/43/8"> 24;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/43/10"> w04 3/15 16-17;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/43/12"> w90 7/15 16-18;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/43/14"> w90 8/15 29;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200270047/43/16"> w90 9/15 26;</a></p> <p id="p46" data-pid="46" class="sx"></p> <p id="p43" data-pid="43" class="sx"><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/41/0">w76 314;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/41/2"> w76 327-328;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/41/4"> w76 542;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/41/6"> ad 820;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/41/7"> w65 497,</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/41/8"> 499;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/41/9"> w64 406;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/41/10"> w62 146;</a><a href="/en/wol/pc/r1/lp-e/1200020047/41/11"> w55 660;</a><span class="ni"> w48 228;</span><span class="ni"> w44 137;</span><span class="ni"> ci 24;</span><span class="ni"> w36 310;</span><span class="ni"> w34 153,</span><span class="ni"> 205;</span><span class="ni"> jh 230</span></p> <p id="p44" data-pid="44" class="sx"></p> </span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div id="studyParallel" class="studyPane tabContent"> <div class="section"> <h3 class="title">Parallel Translations</h3> <div class="helpText">Click a verse number to display parallel Bible verses.</div> <div class="parallel"> <div class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div> <div class="extract"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="studyMarginals" class="studyPane tabContent"> <div class="section marginalsGeneral"><h3 class="title"><span class="sectionIcon"></span><span class="scalableui">General</span></h3><div class="content categorizedMarginal"><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/42/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-43-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:1</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 18:27</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-43-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-43-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/43/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-44-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:2</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Co 9:2</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-44-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-44-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/44/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-45-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:3</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Co 3:5</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-45-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-45-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/45/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-46-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:3</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 31:18; 34:1</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-46-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-46-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/46/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-47-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:3</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Pr 3:3; 7:3</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-47-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-47-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/47/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-48-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:5</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 4:12, 15; Php 2:13; 2Ti 3:16, 17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-48-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-48-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/48/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-49-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:6</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Heb 8:6</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-49-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-49-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/49/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-50-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:6</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 7:6; 13:9</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-50-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-50-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/50/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-51-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:6</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ga 3:10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-51-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-51-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/51/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-52-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:6</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joh 6:63</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-52-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-52-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/52/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-53-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:7</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 7:10</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-53-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-53-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/53/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-54-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:7</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 31:18; 32:16</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-54-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-54-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/54/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-55-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:7</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 34:29, 30</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-55-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-55-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/55/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-56-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:8</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 2:1, 4</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-56-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-56-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/56/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-57-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:8</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Pe 4:14</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-57-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-57-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/57/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-58-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:9</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">De 27:26</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-58-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-58-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/58/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-59-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:9</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 34:35</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-59-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-59-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/59/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-60-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:9</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 3:21, 22</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-60-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-60-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/60/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-61-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:10</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Col 2:16, 17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-61-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-61-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/61/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-62-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:11</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 19:16; 24:17</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-62-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-62-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/62/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-63-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:11</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Heb 12:22-24</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-63-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-63-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/63/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-64-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:12</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">1Pe 1:3, 4</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-64-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-64-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/64/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-65-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:13</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 34:33-35</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-65-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-65-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/65/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-66-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:14</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 11:7</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-66-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-66-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/66/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-67-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:14</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joh 12:40</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-67-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-67-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/67/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-68-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:14</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 7:6; Eph 2:15</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-68-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-68-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/68/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-69-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:15</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ac 15:21</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-69-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-69-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/69/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-70-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:15</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ro 11:8; 2Co 4:3, 4</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-70-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-70-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/70/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-71-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:16</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Ex 34:34</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-71-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-71-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/71/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-72-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:17</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Joh 4:24</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-72-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-72-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/72/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-73-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:17</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">Isa 61:1; Ro 6:14; 8:15; Ga 5:1, 13, 18</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-73-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-73-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><div class="item collapsible marginalExpander collapsed" data-src="/en/wol/marginalreference/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47/3/73/1" data-extract-id="categorizedMarginal-74-1"><div class="header"><span class="icon"></span><span class="source"><span class="scalableui">2 Cor. 3:18</span></span><span class="marginal title"><span class="scalableui">2Co 4:6; Eph 4:23, 24; 5:1</span></span></div><div class="content"><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-74-1" class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div><div data-extract-target-id="categorizedMarginal-74-1" class="extract"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="studyPaneGalleryModel" class="jwac showRuby ml-E ms-ROMAN dir-ltr"> <div id="galleryModalContainer" class="underlay full fadeOut"> <div id="galleryModal"> <div class="header"> <div class="loading hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div> <div class="galleryHeaderButtons"> <div class="galleryPlayCaption"> <div class="galleryBtn playPauseBtn hidden"><span class="icon"></span></div> </div> <div class="galleryView"> <a href="/en/wol/gallery/r1/lp-e/nwtsty/47" 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ml-E ms-ROMAN dir-ltr" lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr"> </div> <article id="article" class="article bible html5 pub-nwtsty jwac showRuby ml-E ms-ROMAN dir-ltr includeSecondaryNav" lang="en" data-lang="E" dir="ltr" role="article"> <div class="scalableui"> <header> <h1>The Second to the Corinthians</h1> </header> <p id="p13" data-pid="13" class="sb"><span id="v47-3-1-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/28934" class="cl vx vp study"><strong>3</strong> </a>Are we starting to recommend ourselves again? Or do we need, like some men, letters of recommendation to you or from you?<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/42" data-bid="43-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v47-3-2-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/28935" class="vl vx vp study">2 </a>You yourselves are our letter,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/43" data-bid="44-1" class="b">+</a> inscribed on our hearts and known and being read by all mankind. </span><span id="v47-3-3-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/28936" class="vl vx vp study">3 </a>For you are shown to be a letter of Christ written by us as ministers,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/44" data-bid="45-1" class="b">+</a> inscribed not with ink but with the spirit of a living God, not on stone tablets<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/45" data-bid="46-1" class="b">+</a> but on fleshly tablets, on hearts.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/46" data-bid="47-1" class="b">+</a></span></p> <p id="p14" data-pid="14" class="sb"><span id="v47-3-4-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/28937" class="vl vx vp">4 </a>We have this sort of confidence toward God through the Christ. </span><span id="v47-3-5-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/28938" class="vl vx vp study">5 </a>Not that we of ourselves are adequately qualified to consider that anything comes from us, but our being adequately qualified comes from God,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/47" data-bid="48-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v47-3-6-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/28939" class="vl vx vp study">6 </a>who has indeed adequately qualified us to be ministers of a new covenant,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/48" data-bid="49-1" class="b">+</a> not of a written code,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/49" data-bid="50-1" class="b">+</a> but of spirit; for the written code condemns to death,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/50" data-bid="51-1" class="b">+</a> but the spirit makes alive.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/51" data-bid="52-1" class="b">+</a></span></p> <p id="p15" data-pid="15" class="sb"><span id="v47-3-7-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/28940" class="vl vx vp study">7 </a>Now if the code that administers death<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/52" data-bid="53-1" class="b">+</a> and that was engraved in letters on stones<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/53" data-bid="54-1" class="b">+</a> came with such glory that the sons of Israel could not gaze at the face of Moses because of the glory of his face,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/54" data-bid="55-1" class="b">+</a> a glory that was to be done away with, </span><span id="v47-3-8-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/28941" class="vl vx vp">8 </a>why should the administering of the spirit<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/55" data-bid="56-1" class="b">+</a> not be with even greater glory?<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/56" data-bid="57-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v47-3-9-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/28942" class="vl vx vp study">9 </a>For if the code administering condemnation<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/57" data-bid="58-1" class="b">+</a> was glorious,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/58" data-bid="59-1" class="b">+</a> how much more glorious would be the administering of righteousness!<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/59" data-bid="60-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v47-3-10-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/28943" class="vl vp">10 </a>In fact, even what had once been made glorious has been stripped of glory because of the glory that excels it.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/60" data-bid="61-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v47-3-11-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/28944" class="vl vx vp">11 </a>For if what was to be done away with was brought in with glory,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/61" data-bid="62-1" class="b">+</a> how much greater would be the glory of what remains!<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/62" data-bid="63-1" class="b">+</a></span></p> <p id="p16" data-pid="16" class="sb"><span id="v47-3-12-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/28945" class="vl vx vp">12 </a>Since we have such a hope,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/63" data-bid="64-1" class="b">+</a> we are using great freeness of speech, </span><span id="v47-3-13-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/28946" class="vl vx vp study">13 </a>and not doing what Moses did when he would put a veil over his face<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/64" data-bid="65-1" class="b">+</a> so that the sons of Israel might not gaze intently at the end of what was to be done away with. </span><span id="v47-3-14-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/28947" class="vl vx vp study">14 </a>But their minds were dulled.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/65" data-bid="66-1" class="b">+</a> For to this present day, the same veil remains unlifted when the old covenant is read,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/66" data-bid="67-1" class="b">+</a> because it is taken away only by means of Christ.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/67" data-bid="68-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v47-3-15-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/28948" class="vl vx vp study">15 </a>In fact, to this day whenever Moses is read,<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/68" data-bid="69-1" class="b">+</a> a veil lies upon their hearts.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/69" data-bid="70-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v47-3-16-1" class="v"><a href="/en/wol/dx/r1/lp-e/1001070151/28949" class="vl vx vp study">16 </a>But when one turns to Jehovah, the veil is taken away.<a href="/en/wol/bc/r1/lp-e/1001070151/70" data-bid="71-1" class="b">+</a> </span><span id="v47-3-17-1" class="v"><a 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