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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Later years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" 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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="أوري أفنيري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوري أفنيري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Avnery" title="Uri Avnery – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Uri Avnery" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Avnery" title="Uri Avnery – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Uri Avnery" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Avnery" title="Uri Avnery – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Uri Avnery" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Avnery" title="Uri Avnery – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Uri Avnery" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Avnery" title="Uri Avnery – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Uri Avnery" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Avnery" title="Uri Avnery – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uri Avnery" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="اوری آونری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوری آونری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Avnery" title="Uri Avnery – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Uri Avnery" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Avnery" title="Uri Avnery – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Uri Avnery" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Avnery" title="Uri Avnery – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Uri Avnery" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99" title="אורי אבנרי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אורי אבנרי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%89" title="اورى افنيرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اورى افنيرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Avnery" title="Uri Avnery – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Uri Avnery" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AA" title="ウリ・アブネリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウリ・アブネリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Avnery" title="Uri Avnery – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Uri Avnery" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Awneri" title="Uri Awneri – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uri Awneri" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Avnery" title="Uri Avnery – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Uri Avnery" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Avneri" title="Uri Avneri – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Uri Avneri" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Авнери, Ури – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Авнери, Ури" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Avnery" title="Uri Avnery – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Uri Avnery" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Avnery" title="Uri Avnery – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uri Avnery" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Avnery" title="Uri Avnery – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Uri Avnery" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uri_Avnery" title="Uri Avnery – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uri Avnery" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Урі Авнері – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Урі Авнері" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="یوری اونری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یوری اونری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A4%AB%E5%86%85%E9%87%8C" title="乌里·阿夫内里 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乌里·阿夫内里" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q325679#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">Israeli politician, journalist and author (1923–2018)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Uri Avnery</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Uri_Avneri_1965-11-01_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Uri_Avneri_1965-11-01_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Uri_Avneri_1965-11-01_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Uri_Avneri_1965-11-01_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Uri_Avneri_1965-11-01_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Uri_Avneri_1965-11-01_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Uri_Avneri_1965-11-01_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1392" data-file-height="1843" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Avnery in 1965</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Faction represented in the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a></th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">1965–1974</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Meri_(political_party)" title="Meri (political party)">Meri</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">1977–1981</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Left_Camp_of_Israel" title="Left Camp of Israel">Left Camp of Israel</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Helmut Ostermann</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1923-09-10</span>)</span>10 September 1923<br /><a href="/wiki/Beckum,_Germany" title="Beckum, Germany">Beckum, Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">20 August 2018<span style="display:none">(2018-08-20)</span> (aged 94)<br /><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, Israel</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Uri Avnery</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">אורי אבנרי</span>, also transliterated <b>Uri Avneri</b>; 10 September 1923 – 20 August 2018) was a German-born Israeli writer, journalist, politician, and activist, who founded the <a href="/wiki/Gush_Shalom" title="Gush Shalom">Gush Shalom</a> peace movement. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a> as a teenager and a veteran of the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a>, Avnery sat for two terms in the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> from 1965 to 1974 and from 1979 to 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFishman-Duker2011_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFishman-Duker2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also the owner and editor of the news magazine <i><a href="/wiki/HaOlam_HaZeh" title="HaOlam HaZeh">HaOlam HaZeh</a></i> from 1950 until its closure in 1993. </p><p>He became known for crossing the lines during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Beirut" title="Siege of Beirut">Siege of Beirut</a> to meet <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> on 3 July 1982, the first time the Palestinian leader met with an Israeli. Avnery was the author of several books about the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>, including <i>1948: A Soldier's Tale, the Bloody Road to Jerusalem</i> (2008); <i>Israel's Vicious Circle</i> (2008); and <i>My Friend, the Enemy</i> (1986).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2013_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvnery2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2008_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvnery2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery1986_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvnery1986-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Right_Livelihood_Award" title="Right Livelihood Award">Right Livelihood Award</a> (better known informally as the Alternative Nobel Prize) in 2001 and the <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky_Medal" title="Carl von Ossietzky Medal">Carl von Ossietzky Medal</a> in 2008. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uri_Avnery&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94,_1933.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%2C_1933.jpg/220px-%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%2C_1933.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%2C_1933.jpg/330px-%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%2C_1933.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94%2C_1933.jpg 2x" data-file-width="383" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>10 year old Helmut Ostermann, 1933.</figcaption></figure> <p>Avnery was born in <a href="/wiki/Beckum,_Germany" title="Beckum, Germany">Beckum</a>, near <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Westphalia" title="Province of Westphalia">Westphalia</a>, as <b>Helmut Ostermann</b>, the youngest of four children, to a well-established <a href="/wiki/German_Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="German Jewish">German Jewish</a> family, his father being a private banker in the town.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGushShalom_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGushShalom-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis2003227_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis2003227-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His grandfather, Josef Ostermann, was a teacher in Beckum's small Jewish community. His family roots are in <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a>; his mother had once told him from which small Rhenish village his ancestors hailed, but he later forgot the name.<sup id="cite_ref-kopelew_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kopelew-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He grew up in <a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a>, where his father later worked as a <a href="/wiki/Receivership" title="Receivership">court-appointed receiver</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-confession_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-confession-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He counted among his companions <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Augstein" title="Rudolf Augstein">Rudolf Augstein</a>, the future proprietor of <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i>. Avnery and his family <a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">emigrated</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a> in November 1933, following <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>'s rise to power. All his and his wife's relatives who did not leave Germany ended up dying in <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kopelew_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kopelew-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis2003227_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis2003227-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnesset2008_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnesset2008-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended school in <a href="/wiki/Nahalal" title="Nahalal">Nahalal</a> and then in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, leaving after 7th grade, at age 14, in order to help his parents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAderet2018b_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAderet2018b-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He started work as a clerk for a lawyer,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteele2018_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteele2018-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a job he held for about five years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGushShalom_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGushShalom-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He joined the <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionist</a> paramilitary group, in 1938,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnesset2008_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnesset2008-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in reaction to the execution of <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Ben-Yosef" title="Shlomo Ben-Yosef">Shlomo Ben-Yosef</a> by the British authorities. Ben-Yosef had thrown a grenade (which failed to explode) into a bus carrying Arab women and children.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, unlike his comrade-in-arms <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a> who joined up at roughly the same time, Avnery was judged too young to engage directly in actions<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2012_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvnery2012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as killing Jews suspected of being informers for the British authorities, and bombing Arab markets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He changed his surname to Avnery, a Hebraic rendering of Werner,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to honour the memory of his only brother, who died serving in the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gondar" title="Gondar">Gondar</a> on the <a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African front</a> in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteele2018_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteele2018-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Avnery was 16 years old, the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> broke out; it sparked in him a lifelong interest in <a href="/wiki/Military_strategy" title="Military strategy">military strategy</a>, which he started studying in order to better follow events at the time. In 2006 he said he had over time read "a few hundred books" on the subject, by authors such as <a href="/wiki/Sun_Tzu" title="Sun Tzu">Sun Tzu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clausewitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Clausewitz">Clausewitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/B._H._Liddell_Hart" title="B. H. Liddell Hart">Liddell-Hart</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left the Irgun in 1942<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnesset2008_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnesset2008-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after becoming disenchanted with their tactics, stating in a 2003 interview that, "I didn't like the methods of terror applied by the Irgun at the time", noting he did not back killing people in retaliation for similar acts by the Arabs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElmer2004_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElmer2004-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1941 to 1946, he wrote for two far right wing newspapers, <i>HaHevrah</i> (Society) and <i>BaMa'avak</i> (In the Struggle).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis2003227,_n.53_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis2003227,_n.53-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShavit1987138_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShavit1987138-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His early political thought was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Canaanism" title="Canaanism">Canaanism</a>. </p><p>Avnery abandoned Zionism at an early age, while remaining a nationalist, which he regarded as a natural feeling for desiring to belong to a collectivity, legitimate for Jews as it was for Arabs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As early as 1946 he coined the term <i>Hishtalvut BaMerhav</i> (integration into the region) to express the idea that the future state of the Jews must align itself within a broad "Semitic space" (<i>Merhav HaShemi</i>), a choice of terminology dictated by his perception that the region had been dominated by Western imperialism and colonialism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENocke2009106_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENocke2009106-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This "Semitic region" where he envisaged an alliance between Arab and Jewish national movements included Palestine, Transjordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShavit1987141_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShavit1987141-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1947 Avnery founded his own small group, <i>Eretz Yisrael HaTze'ira</i> ("Young Land of Israel"), which published the journal <i>Ma'avak</i> ("Struggle").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnesset2008_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnesset2008-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShavit1987139_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShavit1987139-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_service">Military service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uri_Avnery&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F,_1948,_%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%91%D7%94.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F%2C_1948%2C_%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%91%D7%94.jpg/200px-%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F%2C_1948%2C_%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%91%D7%94.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F%2C_1948%2C_%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%91%D7%94.jpg/300px-%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F%2C_1948%2C_%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%91%D7%94.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F%2C_1948%2C_%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%91%D7%94.jpg/400px-%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99_-_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F%2C_1948%2C_%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%91%D7%94.jpg 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption>Avnery during his military service in 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab-Israeli_War" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Arab-Israeli War">1948 Arab-Israeli War</a> Avnery fought on the southern front in the <a href="/wiki/Givati_Brigade" title="Givati Brigade">Givati Brigade</a> as a squad commander, and later in the <a href="/wiki/Samson%27s_Foxes" title="Samson's Foxes">Samson's Foxes</a> <a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">commando</a> unit (and also wrote its anthem, <i>The Foxes of Shimshon</i>, which has been called "one of the enduring battle anthems of the 1948 campaign").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunt2004_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunt2004-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnesset2008_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnesset2008-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShalev2018_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShalev2018-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote dispatches from the front line which were published in <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i> and later as a book, <i>In the Fields of <a href="/wiki/Philistia" title="Philistia">Philistia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">בשדות פלשת</span>, <i>Bi-Sdot Pleshet</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunt2004_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunt2004-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His experiences impressed him with the understanding that there was such a thing as the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinian people</a>. They would enter villages where lighted fires and <a href="/wiki/Primus_stove" title="Primus stove">Primus cookers</a> indicated that the inhabitants had fled minutes before. It was rational for them to <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian exodus">flee</a> because that is what all civilians do when fired on.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Avnery was wounded twice, the second time, toward the end of the war, seriously; he spent the last months of his army service convalescing and was discharged in the summer of 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunt2004_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunt2004-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uri_Avnery&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journalism_career">Journalism career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uri_Avnery&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Journalism career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uri_Avnery_(997008137293605171).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Uri_Avnery_%28997008137293605171%29.jpg/220px-Uri_Avnery_%28997008137293605171%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Uri_Avnery_%28997008137293605171%29.jpg/330px-Uri_Avnery_%28997008137293605171%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Uri_Avnery_%28997008137293605171%29.jpg/440px-Uri_Avnery_%28997008137293605171%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1338" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption>Avnery writing, 1950.</figcaption></figure> <p>Though it was forbidden for soldiers to write for newspapers, Avnery wrote articles on his frontline experiences during the 1948 war.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYnet2018_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYnet2018-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after his stint with that newspaper, Avnery (with <a href="/wiki/Shalom_Cohen_(politician)" title="Shalom Cohen (politician)">Shalom Cohen</a> and two others) in 1950 bought the failing magazine <i><a href="/wiki/HaOlam_HaZeh" title="HaOlam HaZeh">HaOlam HaZeh</a></i> ("This World").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunt2004_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunt2004-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Avnery edited the weekly magazine, with its banner maxim "without fear, without bias,"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYnet2018_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYnet2018-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the 1950s and the 1960s, turning it into an <a href="/wiki/Anti-establishment" title="Anti-establishment">anti-establishment</a> <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">tabloid</a> known for many sensational <a href="/wiki/Scoop_(term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scoop (term)">scoops</a>. Its impact was such that <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> refused to mention it by name, and would only speak of "that particular magazine".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYnet2018_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYnet2018-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The magazine was divided into two sections, the first half dealing with indepth muckraking journalistic investigations into corruption, the second half writing up titillating gossip. It featured nudes on its back cover.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECashman2018_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECashman2018-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToI2018_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToI2018-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The editorial office and printer of the paper were subject to three bombing attacks. He was arraigned on charges of sedition, survived two assassination attempts, and, in 1953, an unknown person—in one version he states that soldiers were involved<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2011_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvnery2011-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—assaulted him, leaving him with both hands and all his fingers broken.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaufhold2003272_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaufhold2003272-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Avnery introduced a punchy, aggressive style of newspaper writing into Israeli journalism and, according to Greer Fay, virtually every journalist who trained under him moved on to become a star elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECashman2018_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECashman2018-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Revolution_of_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian Revolution of 1952">Egyptian Revolution of 1952</a> Avnery used his editorials in <i>HaOlam HaZeh</i> to call for a <a href="/wiki/Preventive_war" title="Preventive war">preventive strike</a> against Egypt, arguing that "the reactionary Arab regimes" would attack Israel "the minute Arab superiority in weapons over Israel is great enough."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShavit1987144–145_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShavit1987144–145-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began to revise his views after the 1956 <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a>, which ended in Israeli withdrawal and strengthened <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Nasser</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShavit1987145_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShavit1987145-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteele2018_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteele2018-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1957 Avnery suggested that Israel aid Palestinians in overthrowing the <a href="/wiki/Hashemite_monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashemite monarchy">Hashemite monarchy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> (a "product of imperialism"); Israel would then form a federation with the new Palestinian Jordanian state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShavit1987145_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShavit1987145-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1950s Avnery was among the founders of the group <a href="/wiki/Semitic_Action" title="Semitic Action">Semitic Action</a>, which argued for a regional federation of Israel and its neighbors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiamond1990107_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiamond1990107-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Knesset">Knesset</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uri_Avnery&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Knesset"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dan_Hadani_collection_(990044465680205171).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044465680205171%29.jpg/280px-Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044465680205171%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044465680205171%29.jpg/420px-Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044465680205171%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044465680205171%29.jpg/560px-Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044465680205171%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3280" data-file-height="2015" /></a><figcaption>On election day, 1969.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1965, Avnery created a political party bearing the name of his and Cohen's magazine, <a href="/wiki/Meri_(political_party)" title="Meri (political party)">HaOlam HaZeh – Koah Hadash</a>, and was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1965_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1965 Israeli legislative election">1965 election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToI2018_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToI2018-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYnet2018_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYnet2018-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The move was inspired by the passage in 1965 of a <a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Law against Defamation</a> in Israel, which Avnery took personally as a legislative measure designed to muzzle his newspaper's reportage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYnet2018_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYnet2018-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dominant focus of his criticism was the <a href="/wiki/Mapai" title="Mapai">Mapai</a> establishment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenn2018_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenn2018-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he retained his seat in the <a href="/wiki/1969_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1969 Israeli legislative election">1969 election</a>, the party disintegrated and Avnery renamed it <a href="/wiki/Meri_(political_party)" title="Meri (political party)">Meri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYnet2018_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYnet2018-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it failed to win any seats in the <a href="/wiki/1973_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1973 Israeli legislative election">1973 elections</a>, Avnery returned to the Knesset as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Left_Camp_of_Israel" title="Left Camp of Israel">Sheli party</a> after the <a href="/wiki/1977_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1977 Israeli legislative election">1977 election</a>, but did not retain his seat in the <a href="/wiki/1981_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1981 Israeli legislative election">1981 election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToI2018_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEToI2018-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAderet2018b_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAderet2018b-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteele2018_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteele2018-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was later involved in the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_List_for_Peace" title="Progressive List for Peace">Progressive List for Peace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAderet2018b_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAderet2018b-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote a book of his early period in parliament, entitled <i>1 against 119: Uri Avnery in the Knesset</i>, (1969).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenn2018_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenn2018-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel–Palestine_peace_activism"><span id="Israel.E2.80.93Palestine_peace_activism"></span>Israel–Palestine peace activism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uri_Avnery&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Israel–Palestine peace activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Avnery_with_Arafat_in_Beirut_-_July_1982.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/02/Avnery_with_Arafat_in_Beirut_-_July_1982.jpg/265px-Avnery_with_Arafat_in_Beirut_-_July_1982.jpg" decoding="async" width="265" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/02/Avnery_with_Arafat_in_Beirut_-_July_1982.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="218" /></a><figcaption>Meeting with <a href="/wiki/Yassir_Arafat" class="mw-redirect" title="Yassir Arafat">Yassir Arafat</a> in Beirut, July 1982</figcaption></figure> <p>By the 1970s, Avnery came to think that Zionism—an ideology centered on the ingathering of the exiles—was effectively dead, since diaspora Jews in significant numbers were no longer performing <a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">aliyah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlass1975–197662–63_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlass1975–197662–63-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Avnerey considers his ideology to be <a href="/wiki/Post-Zionism" title="Post-Zionism">post-Zionism</a>, and he states that he may have been the first to use that word.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 1975 he was among the founders of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_movement#Israel" title="Peace movement">Israeli Council for Israeli–Palestinian Peace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaminer199627_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaminer199627-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after the group's founding, Avnery was assaulted and stabbed several times.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBar-On1996390_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On1996390-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Avnery crossed the front lines and met <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> on 3 July 1982, during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Beirut" title="Siege of Beirut">Siege of Beirut</a>—said to have been the first time an Israeli met personally with Arafat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGushShalom_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGushShalom-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was tracked by an Israeli intelligence team which intended to kill Arafat, even if it meant killing Avnery at the same time once the latter had inadvertently led them to Arafat's hide-out.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBergman2018_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBergman2018-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The operation, "Salt Fish", failed when the PLO managed to lose their trackers in the alleyways of Beirut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBergman2018_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBergman2018-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fisk" title="Robert Fisk">Robert Fisk</a> interviewed Avnery at the time, when the <a href="/wiki/Sabra_and_Shatila_massacre" title="Sabra and Shatila massacre">Sabra and Shatila massacre</a> took place, and asked him how survivors of the Holocaust and their children could look on as 1,700 Palestinians were massacred. He replied: </p> <blockquote><p>"I will tell you something about the Holocaust. It would be nice to believe that people who have undergone suffering have been purified by suffering. But it's the opposite, it makes them worse. It corrupts. There is something in suffering that creates a kind of egoism. <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Herzog" title="Chaim Herzog">Herzog</a> [the Israeli president at the time] was speaking at the site of the concentration camp at <a href="/wiki/Bergen-Belsen_concentration_camp" title="Bergen-Belsen concentration camp">Bergen-Belsen</a> but he spoke only about the Jews. How could he not mention that others – many others – had suffered there? Sick people, when they are in pain, cannot speak about anyone but themselves. And when such monstrous things have happened to your people, you feel nothing can be compared to it. You get a moral "power of attorney", a permit to do anything you want – because nothing can compare to what has happened to us. This is a moral immunity which is very clearly felt in Israel."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisk2018_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisk2018-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hadash,_protest_against_Lebanon_war.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Hadash%2C_protest_against_Lebanon_war.jpg/260px-Hadash%2C_protest_against_Lebanon_war.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Hadash%2C_protest_against_Lebanon_war.jpg/390px-Hadash%2C_protest_against_Lebanon_war.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Hadash%2C_protest_against_Lebanon_war.jpg/520px-Hadash%2C_protest_against_Lebanon_war.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Avnery at a <a href="/wiki/Hadash" title="Hadash">Hadash</a> rally against the <a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">2006 Lebanon War</a></figcaption></figure> <p>His visit with Arafat was among the reasons he became estranged from his mother, Hilda Ostermann, who disinherited him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENakdimon2011_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENakdimon2011-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She did not learn Hebrew and knew nothing of politics other than what she gleaned from a German-language nationalist newsletter. To meet the Palestinian leader he had to forsake his regular Friday visit to his mother in <a href="/wiki/Rehovot" title="Rehovot">Rehovot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her will, Hilda wrote "I do not leave a penny to my son Uri, who instead of taking care of me went off to visit that murderer Yasser Arafat".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENakdimon2011_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENakdimon2011-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, his sister gave him his share of the inheritance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uri_Avnery_2008-12-07_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Uri_Avnery_2008-12-07_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Uri_Avnery_2008-12-07_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Uri_Avnery_2008-12-07_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Uri_Avnery_2008-12-07_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Uri_Avnery_2008-12-07_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-Uri_Avnery_2008-12-07_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1327" data-file-height="1657" /></a><figcaption>Avnery giving a speech upon receiving the <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky_Medal" title="Carl von Ossietzky Medal">Carl von Ossietzky Medal</a>, Berlin, 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>He later turned to <a href="/wiki/Israeli_left-wing_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli left-wing politics">left-wing</a> peace activism and founded the <a href="/wiki/Gush_Shalom" title="Gush Shalom">Gush Shalom</a> movement in 1993, and argued that every <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlement</a> was a "landmine on the road to peace".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteele2018_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteele2018-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularist</a> and strongly opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> influence in religious and political life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECashman2018_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECashman2018-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, Avnery and his wife Rachel Avnery were honoured with the <a href="/wiki/Right_Livelihood_Award" title="Right Livelihood Award">Right Livelihood Award</a> "for their unwavering conviction, in the midst of violence, that peace can only be achieved through justice and reconciliation".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERLA2001_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERLA2001-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, settler activist <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Marzel" title="Baruch Marzel">Baruch Marzel</a> called on the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli military">Israeli military</a> to carry out "<a href="/wiki/Targeted_killings_by_Israel_Defense_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Targeted killings by Israel Defense Forces">a targeted killing</a>" against Avnery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeiss2006_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeiss2006-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He advocated negotiations with <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>. In 2007 Gush Shalom had a sticker printed which read: "Talk to Hamas". Avnery himself had once, in 1993, addressed in Gaza an audience of 500 bearded sheikhs, who listened as he spoke to them in Hebrew, and, applauding him, invited him to lunch.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisk2018_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisk2018-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years">Later years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uri_Avnery&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Avnery was a contributor to the news and opinion sites such as for <i><a href="/wiki/CounterPunch" title="CounterPunch">CounterPunch</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2018_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvnery2018-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2018, Avnery wrote a column for <i>CounterPunch</i> criticizing the Israeli military for their response to the <a href="/wiki/2018_Gaza_border_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Gaza border protests">2018 Gaza border protests</a>. He wrote: "I dissociate myself from the [Israeli] army sharpshooters who murder unarmed demonstrators along the Gaza Strip, and from their commanders, who give them the orders, up to the commander in chief".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2018_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvnery2018-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 August 2018, Avnery suffered a <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a> and was hospitalized in a critical condition in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAderet2018a_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAderet2018a-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died at <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Sourasky_Medical_Center" title="Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center">Ichilov Hospital</a> on 20 August 2018 at the age of 94, less than a month short of his 95th birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECashman2018_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECashman2018-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In accordance to his wishes, he was <a href="/wiki/Cremated" class="mw-redirect" title="Cremated">cremated</a> and his ashes were scattered off the <a href="/wiki/Coast" title="Coast">coast</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-http://zope.gush-shalom.org_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-http://zope.gush-shalom.org-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uri_Avnery&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UriAvnery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/UriAvnery.jpg/220px-UriAvnery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/UriAvnery.jpg/330px-UriAvnery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/UriAvnery.jpg/440px-UriAvnery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Uri Avnery in 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>Avnery's life with his Berlin-born companion Rachel (<span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> Greenboim</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteele2018_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteele2018-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lasted 58 years, five of them before they married. In 1995 he stated proudly that they were the only Israeli couple he knew who were not divorced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaufhold2003272_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaufhold2003272-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They first met when she was 14 years old, in 1946, she being the daughter of the landlord of the house where one of the members of his Semitic nation group lived and where they went to discuss ideas. Around 1951, they crossed paths again when a director of a theatrical troupe introduced her as a possible choice for a photograph required for an ad his magazine intended to run. When he failed, some time later, to turn up for a date, she went to his office and learned he had had all his fingers broken. She took care of him, and they lived together for 5 years; they were both averse to religion and, in Israel, <a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Israel" title="Marriage in Israel">civil marriages are not permitted</a>, so they could not get married in a way they could accept. They formalized their relationship privately with a rabbi to set Rachel's father's mind at rest when the latter fell ill.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2011_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvnery2011-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Avnery said her outstanding trait was empathy, something he illustrated by an anecdote of watching a film<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> concerning an old woman in the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a> who does not understand a deportation order, and neighbours assist her in going to the assembly point for departure to the death camps. At the end, when the lights came on, <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a> happened to be sitting in a row in front of them. He stood up, weeping, and came over and kissed her on the brow.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2011_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvnery2011-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gesture of kissing her on the brow was repeated by <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> when she and her husband acted as <a href="/wiki/Human_shields" class="mw-redirect" title="Human shields">human shields</a> when he was under siege and holed up in the <a href="/wiki/Mukataa" title="Mukataa">Mukataa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2011_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvnery2011-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She earned the respect and friendship of <a href="/wiki/Raed_Salah" title="Raed Salah">Raed Salah</a> during tent protests against <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a>'s deportation of 415 Palestinians to Lebanon in December 1992. She was a primary school teacher for 28 years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2011_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvnery2011-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She died in May 2011 of the long-term debilitating effects of a <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_C" title="Hepatitis C">Hepatitis C</a> infection contracted some two decades earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2011_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvnery2011-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their marriage was childless by choice. </p><p>Avnery suffered from both diabetes and <a href="/wiki/Crohn%27s_disease" title="Crohn's disease">Crohn's disease</a>. In his testament he willed his assets and savings to the people of Israel, to finance further peace projects.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uri_Avnery&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Keller" title="Adam Keller">Adam Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_peace_activists" title="List of peace activists">List of peace activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Vanunu" title="Mordechai Vanunu">Mordechai Vanunu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uri_Davis" title="Uri Davis">Uri Davis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uri_Avnery&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Editor's note: This appears be an allusion to <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Kad%C3%A1r" title="Ján Kadár">Kadár</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elmar_Klos" title="Elmar Klos">Klos</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Shop_on_Main_Street" title="The Shop on Main Street">The Shop on Main Street</a> (1965)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uri_Avnery&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFishman-Duker2011-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFishman-Duker2011_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFishman-Duker2011">Fishman-Duker 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvnery2013-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2013_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvnery2013">Avnery 2013</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvnery2008-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2008_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvnery2008">Avnery 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvnery1986-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery1986_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvnery1986">Avnery 1986</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarpel2014_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarpel2014">Karpel 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGushShalom-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGushShalom_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGushShalom_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGushShalom_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGushShalom">GushShalom</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis2003227-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis2003227_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis2003227_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis2003">Davis 2003</a>, p. 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kopelew-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kopelew_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kopelew_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youtube.com/watch?v=HpJrQHmOvAg">"Uri Avnery - Lew Kopelew Preis 2003 (timestamp 31:37)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. 8 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Uri+Avnery+-+Lew+Kopelew+Preis+2003+%28timestamp+31%3A37%29&rft.date=2013-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyoutube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DHpJrQHmOvAg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-confession-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-confession_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvnery2017" class="citation web cs1">Avnery, Uri (9 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zope.gush-shalom.org/home/en/channels/avnery/1504875705/">"A Confession"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gush_Shalom" title="Gush Shalom">Gush Shalom</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Confession&rft.pub=Gush+Shalom&rft.date=2017-09-09&rft.aulast=Avnery&rft.aufirst=Uri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzope.gush-shalom.org%2Fhome%2Fen%2Fchannels%2Favnery%2F1504875705%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnesset2008-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnesset2008_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnesset2008_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnesset2008_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnesset2008_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnesset2008_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnesset2008">Knesset 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAderet2018b-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAderet2018b_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAderet2018b_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAderet2018b_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAderet2018b">Aderet 2018b</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESteele2018-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteele2018_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteele2018_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteele2018_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteele2018_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteele2018_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteele2018_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSteele2018">Steele 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvnery2012-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2012_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvnery2012">Avnery 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/2272258/werner-osterman/">"Private Werner Osterman | War Casualty Details 2272258"</a>. <i>CWGC</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CWGC&rft.atitle=Private+Werner+Osterman+%26%23124%3B+War+Casualty+Details+2272258&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Ffind-records%2Ffind-war-dead%2Fcasualty-details%2F2272258%2Fwerner-osterman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvnery2006" class="citation web cs1">Avnery, Uri (12 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zope.gush-shalom.org/home/en/channels/avnery/1155419483">"What the Hell has happened to the Army?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gush_Shalom" title="Gush Shalom">Gush Shalom</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+the+Hell+has+happened+to+the+Army%3F&rft.pub=Gush+Shalom&rft.date=2006-08-12&rft.aulast=Avnery&rft.aufirst=Uri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzope.gush-shalom.org%2Fhome%2Fen%2Fchannels%2Favnery%2F1155419483&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElmer2004-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElmer2004_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElmer2004">Elmer 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis2003227,_n.53-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis2003227,_n.53_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis2003">Davis 2003</a>, p. 227, n.53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShavit1987138-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShavit1987138_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShavit1987">Shavit 1987</a>, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENocke2009106-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENocke2009106_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNocke2009">Nocke 2009</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShavit1987141-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShavit1987141_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShavit1987">Shavit 1987</a>, p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShavit1987139-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShavit1987139_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShavit1987">Shavit 1987</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunt2004-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunt2004_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunt2004_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunt2004_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHunt2004_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHunt2004">Hunt 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShalev2018-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShalev2018_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShalev2018">Shalev 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYnet2018-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYnet2018_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYnet2018_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYnet2018_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYnet2018_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYnet2018_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYnet2018_24-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYnet2018">Ynet 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECashman2018-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECashman2018_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECashman2018_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECashman2018_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECashman2018_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCashman2018">Cashman 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEToI2018-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToI2018_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToI2018_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEToI2018_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFToI2018">ToI 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvnery2011-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2011_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2011_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2011_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2011_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2011_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2011_27-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvnery2011">Avnery 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaufhold2003272-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaufhold2003272_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaufhold2003272_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaufhold2003">Kaufhold 2003</a>, p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShavit1987144–145-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShavit1987144–145_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShavit1987">Shavit 1987</a>, pp. 144–145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShavit1987145-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShavit1987145_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShavit1987145_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShavit1987">Shavit 1987</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiamond1990107-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiamond1990107_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiamond1990">Diamond 1990</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenn2018-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenn2018_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenn2018_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenn2018">Benn 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlass1975–197662–63-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlass1975–197662–63_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlass1975–1976">Glass 1975–1976</a>, pp. 62–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Palestine Chronicle, <i>Post-Zionism – When You Say No</i>, August 22 2010 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.palestinechronicle.com/post-zionism-when-you-say-no/">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaminer199627-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaminer199627_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaminer1996">Kaminer 1996</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBar-On1996390-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBar-On1996390_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBar-On1996">Bar-On 1996</a>, p. 390.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBergman2018-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBergman2018_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBergman2018_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBergman2018">Bergman 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisk2018-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisk2018_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisk2018_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFisk2018">Fisk 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENakdimon2011-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENakdimon2011_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENakdimon2011_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNakdimon2011">Nakdimon 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERLA2001-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERLA2001_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRLA2001">RLA 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeiss2006-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeiss2006_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeiss2006">Weiss 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvnery2018-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2018_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvnery2018_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvnery2018">Avnery 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAderet2018a-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAderet2018a_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAderet2018a">Aderet 2018a</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-http://zope.gush-shalom.org-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-http://zope.gush-shalom.org_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zope.gush-shalom.org/home/en/channels/avnery/1538344156">"Archive of 20 years of articles written by Avnery"</a>. <i>zope.gush-shalom.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zope.gush-shalom.org&rft.atitle=Archive+of+20+years+of+articles+written+by+Avnery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzope.gush-shalom.org%2Fhome%2Fen%2Fchannels%2Favnery%2F1538344156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/israelis-palestinians-pay-respects-to-late-peace-activist-uri-avnery/">"Israelis, Palestinians pay respects to late peace activist Uri Avnery"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Israelis%2C+Palestinians+pay+respects+to+late+peace+activist+Uri+Avnery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fisraelis-palestinians-pay-respects-to-late-peace-activist-uri-avnery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uri_Avnery&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAderet2018a" class="citation news cs1">Aderet, Ofer (9 August 2018a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/left-wing-peace-activist-uri-avnery-in-critical-condition-in-hospital-1.6362646">"Left-wing Peace Activist Uri Avnery Hospitalized in Critical Condition"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Left-wing+Peace+Activist+Uri+Avnery+Hospitalized+in+Critical+Condition&rft.date=2018-08-09&rft.aulast=Aderet&rft.aufirst=Ofer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fleft-wing-peace-activist-uri-avnery-in-critical-condition-in-hospital-1.6362646&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAderet2018b" class="citation news cs1">Aderet, Ofer (20 August 2018b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-uri-avenry-veteran-peace-activist-dies-at-94-1.6364250">"Uri Avnery, Veteran Peace Activist and Among First Israelis to Meet Arafat, Dies at 94"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Uri+Avnery%2C+Veteran+Peace+Activist+and+Among+First+Israelis+to+Meet+Arafat%2C+Dies+at+94&rft.date=2018-08-20&rft.aulast=Aderet&rft.aufirst=Ofer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F.premium-uri-avenry-veteran-peace-activist-dies-at-94-1.6364250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvnery1975" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Avnery, Uri</a> (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ExdCAAAAIAAJ"><i>Israel and the Palestinians: A Different Israeli View</i></a>. Breira.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+and+the+Palestinians%3A+A+Different+Israeli+View&rft.pub=Breira&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Avnery&rft.aufirst=Uri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DExdCAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvnery1986" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Avnery, Uri</a> (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qttwQgAACAAJ"><i>My friend, the enemy</i></a>. Zed Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-862-32215-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-862-32215-1"><bdi>978-0-862-32215-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+friend%2C+the+enemy&rft.pub=Zed+Books&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-862-32215-1&rft.aulast=Avnery&rft.aufirst=Uri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqttwQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvnery2008" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Avnery, Uri</a> (2008). Powell, Sara R. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mvsUAQAAIAAJ"><i>Israel's Vicious Circle: Ten Years of Writings on Israel and Palestine</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Pluto_Press" title="Pluto Press">Pluto Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-745-32823-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-745-32823-2"><bdi>978-0-745-32823-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Vicious+Circle%3A+Ten+Years+of+Writings+on+Israel+and+Palestine&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-745-32823-2&rft.aulast=Avnery&rft.aufirst=Uri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmvsUAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvnery2011" class="citation web cs1">Avnery, Uri (4 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zope.gush-shalom.org/home/en/channels/avnery/1307093382">"Rachel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gush_Shalom" title="Gush Shalom">Gush Shalom</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gush+Shalom&rft.atitle=Rachel&rft.date=2011-06-04&rft.aulast=Avnery&rft.aufirst=Uri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzope.gush-shalom.org%2Fhome%2Fen%2Fchannels%2Favnery%2F1307093382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvnery2012" class="citation news cs1">Avnery, Uri (13–15 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.counterpunch.org/2012/07/13/the-most-successful-terrorist-of-the-20th-century/">"The Most Successful Terrorist of the 20th Century"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CounterPunch" title="CounterPunch">CounterPunch</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CounterPunch&rft.atitle=The+Most+Successful+Terrorist+of+the+20th+Century&rft.date=2012-07-13%2F2012-07-15&rft.aulast=Avnery&rft.aufirst=Uri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.counterpunch.org%2F2012%2F07%2F13%2Fthe-most-successful-terrorist-of-the-20th-century%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvnery2013" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Avnery, Uri</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qttwQgAACAAJ"><i>1948. A Soldier's Tale? The Bloody Road to Jerusalem</i></a>. Oneworld Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-780-74444-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-780-74444-5"><bdi>978-1-780-74444-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1948.+A+Soldier%27s+Tale%3F+The+Bloody+Road+to+Jerusalem&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publications&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-780-74444-5&rft.aulast=Avnery&rft.aufirst=Uri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqttwQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvnery2018" class="citation news cs1">Avnery, Uri (16 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.counterpunch.org/2018/04/16/eyeless-in-gaza-4/">"Eyeless in Gaza"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CounterPunch" title="CounterPunch">CounterPunch</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CounterPunch&rft.atitle=Eyeless+in+Gaza&rft.date=2018-04-16&rft.aulast=Avnery&rft.aufirst=Uri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.counterpunch.org%2F2018%2F04%2F16%2Feyeless-in-gaza-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBar-On1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Bar-On" title="Mordechai Bar-On">Bar-On, Mordechai</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fi2QH5_x1pYC&pg=PA390"><i>In Pursuit of Peace: A History of the Israeli Peace Movement</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/US_Institute_of_Peace_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="US Institute of Peace Press">US Institute of Peace Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-878-37953-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-878-37953-5"><bdi>978-1-878-37953-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Pursuit+of+Peace%3A+A+History+of+the+Israeli+Peace+Movement&rft.pub=US+Institute+of+Peace+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-878-37953-5&rft.aulast=Bar-On&rft.aufirst=Mordechai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFi2QH5_x1pYC%26pg%3DPA390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenn2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aluf_Benn" title="Aluf Benn">Benn, Aluf</a> (21 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-uri-avnery-shaper-of-the-israeli-consciousness-1.6406434">"Uri Avnery, Shaper of the Israeli Consciousness"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Uri+Avnery%2C+Shaper+of+the+Israeli+Consciousness&rft.date=2018-08-21&rft.aulast=Benn&rft.aufirst=Aluf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F.premium-uri-avnery-shaper-of-the-israeli-consciousness-1.6406434&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergman2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronen_Bergman" title="Ronen Bergman">Bergman, Ronen</a> (23 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/23/magazine/how-arafat-eluded-israels-assassination-machine.html">"How Arafat Eluded Israel's Assassination Machine"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times Magazine">New York Times Magazine</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=How+Arafat+Eluded+Israel%27s+Assassination+Machine&rft.date=2018-01-23&rft.aulast=Bergman&rft.aufirst=Ronen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F01%2F23%2Fmagazine%2Fhow-arafat-eluded-israels-assassination-machine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCashman2018" class="citation news cs1">Cashman, Greer Fay (20 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Warrior-for-Peace-Uri-Avnery-passes-away-at-94-565279">"Warrior for Peace: Uri Avnery Passes Away at 94"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Warrior+for+Peace%3A+Uri+Avnery+Passes+Away+at+94&rft.date=2018-08-20&rft.aulast=Cashman&rft.aufirst=Greer+Fay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael-News%2FWarrior-for-Peace-Uri-Avnery-passes-away-at-94-565279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Uri_Davis" title="Uri Davis">Davis, Uri</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qxo55svQBNUC&pg=PA227"><i>Apartheid Israel: Possibilities for the Struggle Within</i></a>. Zed Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-842-77339-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-842-77339-0"><bdi>978-1-842-77339-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apartheid+Israel%3A+Possibilities+for+the+Struggle+Within&rft.pub=Zed+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-842-77339-0&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Uri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQxo55svQBNUC%26pg%3DPA227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiamond1990" class="citation magazine cs1">Diamond, James S. (March–April 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110830100451/http://www.tikkun.org/mediagallery/download.php?mid=20090505142537689">"We Are Not One: A Post-Zionist Perspective; A Review of Boaz Evron, <i>HaKheshbon HaLe'umi</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tikkun_(magazine)" title="Tikkun (magazine)">Tikkun</a></i>. Vol. 2, no. 2. pp. 106–110. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tikkun.org/mediagallery/download.php?mid=20090505142537689">the original</a> on 30 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tikkun&rft.atitle=We+Are+Not+One%3A+A+Post-Zionist+Perspective%3B+A+Review+of+Boaz+Evron%2C+HaKheshbon+HaLe%27umi&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=106-110&rft.date=1990-03%2F1990-04&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=James+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tikkun.org%2Fmediagallery%2Fdownload.php%3Fmid%3D20090505142537689&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElmer2004" class="citation news cs1">Elmer, Jon (1 April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://progressive.org/magazine/uri-avnery-interview/">"Uri Avnery Interview"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Progressive" title="The Progressive">The Progressive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Uri+Avnery+Interview&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.aulast=Elmer&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprogressive.org%2Fmagazine%2Furi-avnery-interview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFishman-Duker2011" class="citation journal cs1">Fishman-Duker, Rivkah (Spring 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/life/books/1.5124022">"The Missing Link: Uri Avnery, Israel, and Yasir Arafat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Political_Studies_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Political Studies Review">Jewish Political Studies Review</a></i>. <b>23</b> (1/2): 107–113.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Political+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=The+Missing+Link%3A+Uri+Avnery%2C+Israel%2C+and+Yasir+Arafat&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=107-113&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Fishman-Duker&rft.aufirst=Rivkah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Flife%2Fbooks%2F1.5124022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisk2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fisk" title="Robert Fisk">Fisk, Robert</a> (20 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/uri-avnery-dead-israel-palestinian-talks-yasser-arafat-peace-middle-east-process-a8499181.html">"Uri Avnery, the Israeli optimist who played chess with Yasser Arafat, has died – he was one of my few Middle East heroes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Uri+Avnery%2C+the+Israeli+optimist+who+played+chess+with+Yasser+Arafat%2C+has+died+%E2%80%93+he+was+one+of+my+few+Middle+East+heroes&rft.date=2018-08-20&rft.aulast=Fisk&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fvoices%2Furi-avnery-dead-israel-palestinian-talks-yasser-arafat-peace-middle-east-process-a8499181.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlass1975–1976" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Glass" title="Charles Glass">Glass, Charles</a> (Winter 1975–1976). "Jews against Zion: Israeli Jewish Anti-Zionism". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Palestine_Studies" title="Journal of Palestine Studies">Journal of Palestine Studies</a></i>. <b>5</b> (1/2): 56–81. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2535683">10.2307/2535683</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2535683">2535683</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=Jews+against+Zion%3A+Israeli+Jewish+Anti-Zionism&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=56-81&rft.date=1975%2F1976&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2535683&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2535683%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Glass&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRLA2001" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081117083604/http://www.rightlivelihood.org/gush_shalom.html">"Gush Shalom/Uri and Rachel Avnery (Israel)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Right_Livelihood_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="The Right Livelihood Award">The Right Livelihood Award</a>. 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rightlivelihood.org/gush_shalom.html">the original</a> on 17 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gush+Shalom%2FUri+and+Rachel+Avnery+%28Israel%29&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rightlivelihood.org%2Fgush_shalom.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunt2004" class="citation book cs1">Hunt, Scott (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mt8ZK0rhC7UC&pg=PA126"><i>The Future of Peace: On the Front Lines with the World's Great Peacemakers</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-062-51742-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-062-51742-5"><bdi>978-0-062-51742-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Future+of+Peace%3A+On+the+Front+Lines+with+the+World%27s+Great+Peacemakers&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-062-51742-5&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMt8ZK0rhC7UC%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYnet2018" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5331916,00.html">"Israel's symbol of the hard Left, Uri Avnery, passes away at age 94"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ynet" title="Ynet">Ynet</a>. 20 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+symbol+of+the+hard+Left%2C+Uri+Avnery%2C+passes+away+at+age+94&rft.date=2018-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-5331916%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaminer1996" class="citation book cs1">Kaminer, Reuven (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B3ahGTZzTfYC"><i>The Politics of Protest: The Israeli Peace Movement and the Palestinian Intifada</i></a>. Sussex Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-898-72329-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-898-72329-5"><bdi>978-1-898-72329-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Protest%3A+The+Israeli+Peace+Movement+and+the+Palestinian+Intifada&rft.pub=Sussex+Academic+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-898-72329-5&rft.aulast=Kaminer&rft.aufirst=Reuven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB3ahGTZzTfYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarpel2014" class="citation news cs1">Karpel, Dalia (25 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/.premium-still-leftist-after-all-these-years-1.5246069">"Uri Avnery at 90: Still Leftist, After All These Years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Uri+Avnery+at+90%3A+Still+Leftist%2C+After+All+These+Years&rft.date=2014-04-25&rft.aulast=Karpel&rft.aufirst=Dalia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2F.premium-still-leftist-after-all-these-years-1.5246069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufhold2003" class="citation book cs1">Kaufhold, Roland (2003). "Uri Avnery: Ein Porträt". In Avnery, Uri (ed.). <i>Ein Leben für den Frieden: Klartexte über Israel und Palästina</i>. Heidelberg: Palmyra. pp. 258–287.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Uri+Avnery%3A+Ein+Portr%C3%A4t&rft.btitle=Ein+Leben+f%C3%BCr+den+Frieden%3A+Klartexte+%C3%BCber+Israel+und+Pal%C3%A4stina&rft.place=Heidelberg&rft.pages=258-287&rft.pub=Palmyra&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Kaufhold&rft.aufirst=Roland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnesset2008" class="citation news cs1">Knesset (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/lexicon/eng/avneri_eng.htm">"Uri Avnery (Ostermann)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Uri+Avnery+%28Ostermann%29&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Knesset&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knesset.gov.il%2Flexicon%2Feng%2Favneri_eng.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLefortAvnery1982" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lefort, Bernard; Avnery, Uri (January 1982). "Les Palestiniens existent: Entretien avec Uri Avnery". <i><a href="/wiki/Esprit_(magazine)" title="Esprit (magazine)">Esprit</a></i> (in French). Vol. 61, no. 1. pp. 146–150. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24268527">24268527</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Esprit&rft.atitle=Les+Palestiniens+existent%3A+Entretien+avec+Uri+Avnery&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=146-150&rft.date=1982-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24268527%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lefort&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.au=Avnery%2C+Uri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNakdimon2011" class="citation news cs1">Nakdimon, Shlomo (17 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/life/books/1.5124022">"Politics / the Third Side of the Coin: Did journalist and peace activist Uri Avnery serve a communist agenda in his weekly news magazine Haolam Hazeh?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Politics+%2F+the+Third+Side+of+the+Coin%3A+Did+journalist+and+peace+activist+Uri+Avnery+serve+a+communist+agenda+in+his+weekly+news+magazine+Haolam+Hazeh%3F&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.aulast=Nakdimon&rft.aufirst=Shlomo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Flife%2Fbooks%2F1.5124022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNocke2009" class="citation book cs1">Nocke, Alexandra (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OhawCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA206"><i>The Place of the Mediterranean in Modern Israeli Identity</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-047-42671-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-047-42671-4"><bdi>978-9-047-42671-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Place+of+the+Mediterranean+in+Modern+Israeli+Identity&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-9-047-42671-4&rft.aulast=Nocke&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOhawCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShalev2018" class="citation news cs1">Shalev, Chemi (20 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/uri-avnery-peace-activist-journalist-and-inconvenient-patriot-1.6406032">"Uri Avnery: Peace Activist, Pioneering Journalist and Inconvenient Patriot"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Uri+Avnery%3A+Peace+Activist%2C+Pioneering+Journalist+and+Inconvenient+Patriot&rft.date=2018-08-20&rft.aulast=Shalev&rft.aufirst=Chemi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Furi-avnery-peace-activist-journalist-and-inconvenient-patriot-1.6406032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShavit1987" class="citation book cs1">Shavit, Jacob (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ziok8FgWCpQC"><i>The new Hebrew nation: a study in Israeli heresy and fantasy</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Psychology_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychology Press">Psychology Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-3302-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-3302-2"><bdi>978-0-7146-3302-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+new+Hebrew+nation%3A+a+study+in+Israeli+heresy+and+fantasy&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-3302-2&rft.aulast=Shavit&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZiok8FgWCpQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteele2018" class="citation news cs1">Steele, Jonathan (21 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/21/uri-avnery-obituary">"Uri Avnery obituary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Uri+Avnery+obituary&rft.date=2018-08-21&rft.aulast=Steele&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Faug%2F21%2Furi-avnery-obituary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToI2018" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/peace-activist-writer-and-former-mk-uri-avnery-dies-at-94/">"Trailblazing peace activist, writer, and former MK Uri Avnery dies at 94"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a></i>. 20 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Trailblazing+peace+activist%2C+writer%2C+and+former+MK+Uri+Avnery+dies+at+94&rft.date=2018-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fpeace-activist-writer-and-former-mk-uri-avnery-dies-at-94%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGushShalom" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zope.gush-shalom.org/home/en/about/1177150070">"Uri Avnery - Biography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gush_Shalom" title="Gush Shalom">Gush Shalom</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Uri+Avnery+-+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzope.gush-shalom.org%2Fhome%2Fen%2Fabout%2F1177150070&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiss2006" class="citation news cs1">Weiss, Efrat (20 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3230185,00.html">"Marzel to cabinet: Kill left-wing leader"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ynet" title="Ynet">Ynet</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Marzel+to+cabinet%3A+Kill+left-wing+leader&rft.date=2006-03-20&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.aufirst=Efrat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3230185%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUri+Avnery" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uri_Avnery&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Uri_Avnery" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Uri Avnery">Uri Avnery</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Uri_Avnery" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Uri Avnery">Uri Avnery</a> at Wikiquote</li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uriavnery.com/en">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li>Uri Avnery's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zope.gush-shalom.org/home/en/channels/avnery">weekly article</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=238">Uri Avnery</a> on the Knesset website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webofstories.com/play/Avnery/1">Avnery on Web of Stories</a>, videos recorded October 2015</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q325679#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q325679#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109324501">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/109031278">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/150558/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqfMBXMcdcdP6WFbQGj4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118835033">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85080935">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12094176s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12094176s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35011215">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20050208002&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068123531">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/4060820">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810713160905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007258173405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01484037?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/f63cedec-004d-4d7f-b499-2bd9485d7303">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/788885">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118835033.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118835033">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029281768">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w65f0b57">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uri_Avnery&oldid=1259365063">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uri_Avnery&oldid=1259365063</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1923_births" title="Category:1923 births">1923 births</a></li><li><a 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