CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/html5" xml:lang="en-gb" lang="en-gb" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script> (function(w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-WCBLL2H'); </script>  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="YES" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="generator" content="Joomla! - Open Source Content Management"> <title>Critically Endangered - Digital Preservation Coalition</title> <link href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered?format=feed&type=rss" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Critically Endangered - Digital Preservation Coalition"> <link href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered?format=feed&type=atom" rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Critically Endangered - Digital Preservation Coalition"> <link href="https://www.dpconline.org/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered" rel="canonical"> <link href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/favicon.ico" rel="icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/media/vendor/joomla-custom-elements/css/joomla-alert.min.css?0.2.0&1734784494" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/media/plg_system_jcemediabox/css/jcemediabox.min.css?2c837ab2c7cadbdc35b5bd7115e9eff1&1728378850" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/plugins/system/jce/css/content.css?badb4208be409b1335b815dde676300e&1717497712" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/templates/dpc/foundation/normalize.css?1717497717" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/templates/dpc/foundation/foundation.min.css?1717497717" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/templates/dpc/css/nav-off-canvas-med.css?1717497717" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/templates/dpc/css/royalslider.css?1717497717" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/templates/dpc/css/rs-default.css?1717497717" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/templates/dpc/css/app.css?v=1.67&1717497716" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/templates/dpc/css/responsive-tables.css?1717497717" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/templates/dpc/css/cookiebar.css?1717497716" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/templates/dpc/css/google-cse.css?1717497716" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/templates/dpc/css/youmax-pro.min.css?1717497717" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/media/vendor/jquery/js/jquery.min.js?3.7.1&1734784476"></script> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/media/legacy/js/jquery-noconflict.min.js?504da4&1734784486"></script> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/media/mod_menu/js/menu.min.js?4667f5&1734784488" type="module"></script> <script type="application/json" class="joomla-script-options new">{"joomla.jtext":{"ERROR":"Error","MESSAGE":"Thank you","NOTICE":"Notice","WARNING":"Warning","JCLOSE":"Close","JOK":"OK","JOPEN":"Open"},"system.paths":{"root":"","rootFull":"https://www.dpconline.org/","base":"","baseFull":"https://www.dpconline.org/"},"csrf.token":"7205281b70e7ae0a73480d2a0b4d2973"}</script> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/media/system/js/core.min.js?2cb912&1734784488"></script> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/media/vendor/bootstrap/js/alert.min.js?5.3.3&1734784492" type="module"></script> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/media/vendor/bootstrap/js/button.min.js?5.3.3&1734784492" type="module"></script> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/media/vendor/bootstrap/js/carousel.min.js?5.3.3&1734784492" type="module"></script> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/media/vendor/bootstrap/js/collapse.min.js?5.3.3&1734784492" type="module"></script> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/media/vendor/bootstrap/js/dropdown.min.js?5.3.3&1734784492" type="module"></script> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/media/vendor/bootstrap/js/modal.min.js?5.3.3&1734784492" type="module"></script> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/media/vendor/bootstrap/js/offcanvas.min.js?5.3.3&1734784492" type="module"></script> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/media/vendor/bootstrap/js/popover.min.js?5.3.3&1734784492" type="module"></script> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/media/vendor/bootstrap/js/scrollspy.min.js?5.3.3&1734784492" type="module"></script> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/media/vendor/bootstrap/js/tab.min.js?5.3.3&1734784492" type="module"></script> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/media/vendor/bootstrap/js/toast.min.js?5.3.3&1734784492" type="module"></script> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/media/system/js/messages.min.js?9a4811&1734784488" type="module"></script> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/media/plg_system_jcemediabox/js/jcemediabox.min.js?2c837ab2c7cadbdc35b5bd7115e9eff1&1728378850"></script> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/templates/dpc/js/jquery.cookiebar.js?1717497718"></script> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/templates/dpc/js/jquery.royalslider.min.js?1717497718"></script> <script src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/templates/dpc/js/youmax-pro.min.js?1717497718"></script> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png?v=1.1"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/favicon/favicon-32x32.png?v=1.1"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="194x194" href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/favicon/favicon-194x194.png?v=1.1"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/favicon/android-chrome-192x192.png?v=1.1"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/favicon/favicon-16x16.png?v=1.1"> <link rel="manifest" href="/favicon/site.webmanifest?v=1.1"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/favicon/safari-pinned-tab.svg?v=1.1" color="#008272"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/favicon/favicon.ico?v=1.1"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="DPC"> <meta name="application-name" content="DPC"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#00aba9"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/favicon/browserconfig.xml?v=1.1"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> (function() { var cx = '015383697635205237689:2tx1omaukfw'; var gcse = document.createElement('script'); gcse.type = 'text/javascript'; gcse.async = true; gcse.src = 'https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=' + cx; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(gcse, s); })(); </script> <style type="text/css"> .option li h2, .option li .h2 { font-size: 18px; } </style> <style type="text/css"> .option li p, .option li .p { font-size: 14px; } </style> </head> <body>  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WCBLL2H" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div class="off-canvas-wrap" data-offcanvas> <div class="off-canvas-fixed hide-for-print"> <nav class="row nav hide_at_full_nav" data-equalizer> <div class="small-6 columns" data-equalizer-watch> <a href="/" title="DPC Home" class="logo_link"> <svg class="logo" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMid meet" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 350.2 73.7" style="enable-background:new 0 0 350.2 73.7;" xml:space="preserve"> <g class="text hide-for-x-small-only grey"> <g> <path d="M107.4,32.9h2.9c4.1,0,5.9,1.7,5.9,6c0,4.2-1.8,6-5.9,6h-2.9V32.9z M106,46h4.9c4.3-0.1,6.5-2.4,6.5-7.1c0-4.7-2.3-7-6.5-7.1H106V46z" /> <path d="M119.5,35.7h1.3V46h-1.3V35.7z M119.5,31.8h1.3v2h-1.3V31.8z" /> <path d="M127.2,44.8c-2.3,0-3.4-2-3.4-4.1c0-2.1,1-4.3,3.4-4.3c2.4,0,3.3,2.3,3.3,4.3C130.5,42.8,129.4,44.8,127.2,44.8z M131.8,35.7h-1.3v1.8h0c-0.5-1.1-1.8-2.1-3.3-2.1c-3,0-4.6,2.3-4.6,5.2c0,2.9,1.4,5.3,4.6,5.3c1.5,0,2.7-0.9,3.3-2.1h0v1.4c0,2.5-1,3.9-3.3,3.9c-1.4,0-2.7-0.5-3-2.1H123c0.2,2.2,2.2,3.1,4.3,3.1c3.4,0,4.5-1.9,4.6-4.9V35.7z" /> <path d="M134.2,35.7h1.3V46h-1.3V35.7z M134.2,31.8h1.3v2h-1.3V31.8z" /> <path d="M139.9,35.7h2.1v1.1h-2.1v6.9c0,0.8,0.1,1.3,1,1.4c0.4,0,0.7,0,1.1-0.1v1.1c-0.4,0-0.7,0-1.1,0c-1.7,0-2.3-0.6-2.2-2.3v-7h-1.8v-1.1h1.8v-3.1h1.3V35.7z" /> <path d="M150.3,42c0,2-1.7,3.2-3.6,3.2c-1.2,0-2.3-0.8-2.3-2c0-2,2.6-2,4.8-2.4c0.3-0.1,0.9-0.2,1.1-0.5h0V42zM144.9,38.9c0-1.7,1.2-2.4,2.7-2.4c1.5,0,2.7,0.4,2.7,2.1c0,1.1-0.6,1.3-1.6,1.4c-2.7,0.3-5.5,0.4-5.5,3.3c0,2.1,1.6,3,3.4,3c2,0,2.9-0.8,3.7-2.1h0c0,1.1,0.2,1.8,1.5,1.8c0.3,0,0.5,0,0.8-0.1v-1.1c-0.1,0-0.3,0.1-0.4,0.1c-0.5,0-0.7-0.3-0.7-0.8v-5.5c0-2.7-2-3.3-3.8-3.3c-2.3,0-4,1-4.2,3.4H144.9z" /> <path d="M154.1,31.8h1.3V46h-1.3V31.8z" /> </g> <g class="green"> <path d="M161.1,34.2h2.4c1.5,0,2.7,0.3,2.7,2.1c0,1.8-1.3,2.1-2.7,2.1h-2.4V34.2z M158,46h3.1v-5.1h3.3c3.5,0,4.9-2.3,4.9-4.6c0-2.3-1.4-4.6-4.9-4.6H158V46z" /> <path d="M170.9,35.7h2.7v1.9h0c0.5-1.3,1.9-2.2,3.3-2.2c0.2,0,0.4,0,0.6,0.1v2.6c-0.3-0.1-0.7-0.1-1-0.1c-2.1,0-2.8,1.5-2.8,3.3V46h-2.8V35.7z" /> <path d="M181,39.7c0-0.8,0.6-2.2,2.3-2.2c1.4,0,2,0.8,2.3,2.2H181z M188.4,41.5c0.2-3.2-1.5-6.1-5-6.1c-3.1,0-5.3,2.3-5.3,5.4c0,3.2,2,5.4,5.3,5.4c2.3,0,4-1,4.8-3.5h-2.5c-0.2,0.6-1.1,1.3-2.2,1.3c-1.6,0-2.4-0.8-2.5-2.6H188.4z" /> <path d="M192.3,42.6c0,1.2,1.1,1.7,2.2,1.7c0.8,0,1.9-0.3,1.9-1.3c0-0.9-1.2-1.2-3.2-1.6c-1.6-0.4-3.3-0.9-3.3-2.7c0-2.6,2.3-3.3,4.5-3.3c2.3,0,4.3,0.8,4.5,3.3h-2.7c-0.1-1.1-0.9-1.4-1.9-1.4c-0.6,0-1.6,0.1-1.6,1c0,1,1.6,1.2,3.2,1.5c1.7,0.4,3.3,1,3.3,2.9c0,2.7-2.3,3.6-4.7,3.6c-2.4,0-4.7-0.9-4.8-3.6H192.3z" /> <path d="M203.1,39.7c0-0.8,0.6-2.2,2.3-2.2c1.4,0,2,0.8,2.3,2.2H203.1z M210.6,41.5c0.2-3.2-1.5-6.1-5-6.1c-3.1,0-5.3,2.3-5.3,5.4c0,3.2,2,5.4,5.3,5.4c2.3,0,4-1,4.8-3.5h-2.5c-0.2,0.6-1.1,1.3-2.2,1.3c-1.6,0-2.4-0.8-2.5-2.6H210.6z" /> <path d="M212.2,35.7h2.7v1.9h0c0.5-1.3,1.9-2.2,3.3-2.2c0.2,0,0.4,0,0.6,0.1v2.6c-0.3-0.1-0.7-0.1-1-0.1c-2.1,0-2.8,1.5-2.8,3.3V46h-2.8V35.7z" /> <path d="M226.1,46h-3.1l-3.5-10.3h3l2.2,7h0l2.2-7h2.8L226.1,46z" /> <path d="M237.1,42c0,0.6-0.1,2.4-2.3,2.4c-0.9,0-1.7-0.3-1.7-1.3c0-1,0.8-1.3,1.7-1.5c0.9-0.2,1.9-0.2,2.3-0.6V42zM233.4,38.9c0.1-1.1,0.8-1.6,1.9-1.6c1,0,1.8,0.2,1.8,1.4c0,1.2-1.6,1.1-3.3,1.4c-1.8,0.2-3.5,0.8-3.5,3.1c0,2.1,1.6,3.1,3.5,3.1c1.3,0,2.6-0.3,3.5-1.3c0,0.3,0.1,0.7,0.2,1h2.9c-0.3-0.4-0.4-1.4-0.4-2.3v-5.4c0-2.5-2.5-2.9-4.5-2.9c-2.3,0-4.7,0.8-4.8,3.4H233.4z" /> <path d="M245.8,35.7h2.1v1.9h-2.1v5.1c0,1,0.2,1.2,1.2,1.2c0.3,0,0.6,0,0.9-0.1V46c-0.5,0.1-1.1,0.1-1.7,0.1c-1.7,0-3.2-0.4-3.2-2.4v-6.1h-1.7v-1.9h1.7v-3.1h2.8V35.7z" /> <path d="M249.3,35.7h2.8V46h-2.8V35.7z M252.1,34.1h-2.8v-2.3h2.8V34.1z" /> <path d="M256.8,40.8c0-1.7,0.6-3.3,2.5-3.3c1.9,0,2.5,1.7,2.5,3.3c0,1.6-0.6,3.3-2.5,3.3C257.4,44.1,256.8,42.5,256.8,40.8z M254,40.8c0,3.3,2.1,5.4,5.3,5.4c3.2,0,5.3-2.2,5.3-5.4c0-3.3-2.1-5.4-5.3-5.4C256.1,35.4,254,37.6,254,40.8z" /> <path d="M266.5,35.7h2.7v1.4h0.1c0.7-1.2,2-1.7,3.1-1.7c3,0,3.8,1.7,3.8,4.2V46h-2.8v-5.8c0-1.7-0.5-2.5-1.8-2.5c-1.5,0-2.2,0.9-2.2,2.9V46h-2.8V35.7z" /> </g> <g> <path d="M289,36.1c-0.5-2.2-2.3-3.4-4.4-3.4c-3.8,0-5.4,3.1-5.4,6.3c0,3.1,1.6,6.3,5.4,6.3c2.6,0,4.3-2,4.6-4.6h1.4c-0.4,3.5-2.6,5.7-5.9,5.7c-4.5,0-6.7-3.5-6.7-7.4c0-3.9,2.2-7.4,6.7-7.4c2.7,0,5.4,1.6,5.7,4.6H289z" /> <path d="M296.8,36.5c2.4,0,3.6,2.2,3.6,4.4s-1.2,4.4-3.6,4.4c-2.4,0-3.6-2.2-3.6-4.4S294.4,36.5,296.8,36.5zM296.8,35.4c-3.1,0-4.9,2.5-4.9,5.4s1.7,5.4,4.9,5.4c3.1,0,4.9-2.5,4.9-5.4S299.9,35.4,296.8,35.4z" /> <path d="M310.1,42c0,2-1.7,3.2-3.6,3.2c-1.2,0-2.3-0.8-2.3-2c0-2,2.6-2,4.8-2.4c0.3-0.1,0.9-0.2,1.1-0.5h0V42zM304.6,38.9c0-1.7,1.2-2.4,2.7-2.4c1.5,0,2.7,0.4,2.7,2.1c0,1.1-0.6,1.3-1.6,1.4c-2.7,0.3-5.5,0.4-5.5,3.3c0,2.1,1.6,3,3.4,3c2,0,2.9-0.8,3.7-2.1h0c0,1.1,0.2,1.8,1.5,1.8c0.3,0,0.5,0,0.8-0.1v-1.1c-0.1,0-0.3,0.1-0.4,0.1c-0.5,0-0.7-0.3-0.7-0.8v-5.5c0-2.7-2-3.3-3.8-3.3c-2.3,0-4,1-4.2,3.4H304.6z" /> <path d="M313.8,31.8h1.3V46h-1.3V31.8z" /> <path d="M317.5,35.7h1.3V46h-1.3V35.7z M317.5,31.8h1.3v2h-1.3V31.8z" /> <path d="M323.2,35.7h2.1v1.1h-2.1v6.9c0,0.8,0.1,1.3,1,1.4c0.4,0,0.7,0,1.1-0.1v1.1c-0.4,0-0.7,0-1.1,0c-1.7,0-2.3-0.6-2.2-2.3v-7h-1.8v-1.1h1.8v-3.1h1.3V35.7z" /> <path d="M327.1,35.7h1.3V46h-1.3V35.7z M327.1,31.8h1.3v2h-1.3V31.8z" /> <path d="M335.1,36.5c2.4,0,3.6,2.2,3.6,4.4s-1.2,4.4-3.6,4.4c-2.4,0-3.6-2.2-3.6-4.4S332.7,36.5,335.1,36.5zM335.1,35.4c-3.1,0-4.9,2.5-4.9,5.4s1.7,5.4,4.9,5.4c3.1,0,4.9-2.5,4.9-5.4S338.3,35.4,335.1,35.4z" /> <path d="M341.8,35.7h1.3v1.8h0c0.5-1.2,1.8-2.1,3.3-2.1c2.9,0,3.8,1.5,3.8,4V46h-1.3v-6.4c0-1.8-0.6-3.1-2.6-3.1c-2,0-3.2,1.5-3.2,3.5v6h-1.3V35.7z" /> </g> </g> <g class="logo green"> <path d="M35.4,28.8h0.1c2.2-3.4,6.3-4.8,10.7-4.8c5.4,0,9.3,2,11.8,4.9c3-3.3,7.7-5.2,13.8-5.2c4.2,0,13.8,1.4,15.4,10.9h-7.6c-0.5-2.9-3.6-5.3-7.8-5.3c-6.8,0-9.7,4.6-9.7,9.5s2.6,9.5,8.9,9.5c5.7,0,7.2-2.2,8.7-6.2h7.6c0,0.2-0.1,0.4-0.1,0.6c6.1-9.9,7.7-20.5,3.3-28.9c-7.9-15-32-18-55.1-7.5V28.8z" /> <path d="M19,29.6c-6.9,0-9.5,4.6-9.5,9.3c0,4.8,2.6,9.4,9.5,9.4c5.5,0,8.2-3,9.1-6.6v-5.5C27.3,32.6,24.5,29.6,19,29.6z" /> <path d="M44.5,48.2c6.9,0,9.5-4.6,9.5-9.4c0-4.7-2.6-9.3-9.5-9.3c-5.5,0-8.2,3-9.1,6.5v5.5C36.3,45.3,39,48.2,44.5,48.2z" /> <path d="M71.8,53.8c-6.5,0-11-2-13.7-5c-2.5,3-6.4,5-11.9,5c-5.8,0-10.2-3.2-10.7-4.9h-0.1v3.9h0v20.8c8.4-0.7,17.5-3.3,26.2-8c7-3.7,13.1-8.3,17.9-13.3C76.2,53.8,72.8,53.8,71.8,53.8z" /> <path d="M17.3,24c4.4,0,8.6,1.4,10.7,4.8h0.1v-4h0V10c-7.5,4.4-13.7,9.8-18.4,15.7C11.8,24.6,14.3,24,17.3,24z" /> <path d="M28.1,48.9H28c-0.5,1.7-4.9,4.9-10.7,4.9C6.7,53.8,2,46.1,2,39c-2.7,7.4-2.7,14.8,0.6,21.1c4.4,8.4,14,13.1,25.6,13.6V48.9z" /> </g> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="small-6 columns" data-equalizer-watch> <script> function showMenu(){ jQuery('.right-off-canvas-menu').show(); jQuery('.right-off-canvas-menu').css('margin-right', '0'); jQuery('.right-off-canvas-menu').css('z-index', '2000'); } </script> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="showMenu()" class="vert_center right-off-canvas-toggle menu-trigger" role="button"><span>Menu</span></a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" id="toggleSearch" class="vert_center shown show-for-small-only"></a> </div> </nav> <aside class="right-off-canvas-menu" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="moduletable "> <ul class="off-canvas-list "> <li class="item-556"><a href="/login" >Login</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="moduletable "> <ul class="off-canvas-list "> <li class="item-553 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/about" >About</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/about">About</a></label></li><li class="item-729"><a href="/about" >About the Digital Preservation Coalition</a></li><li class="item-590 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/about/join-us" >Join Us</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/about/join-us">Join Us</a></label></li><li class="item-675"><a href="/about/join-us/app-form" >Apply for Full or Associate Membership</a></li><li class="item-724"><a href="/about/join-us/full-and-associate-membership" >Full and Associate Membership</a></li><li class="item-727"><a href="/about/join-us/benefits-of-membership" >Benefits of Membership</a></li><li class="item-728"><a href="/about/join-us/criteria-and-fees" >Criteria and fees</a></li><li class="item-674"><a href="/about/join-us/prospectus" >Prospectus (EN)</a></li><li class="item-1271"><a href="/about/join-us/prospectus-ar" >نشرة الإصدار (عربي)</a></li><li class="item-1270"><a href="/about/join-us/prospectus-de" >Prospekt (DE)</a></li><li class="item-1152"><a href="/about/join-us/programa-es" >Programa (ES)</a></li><li class="item-1269"><a href="/about/join-us/prospectus-fr" >Prospectus (FR)</a></li><li class="item-1677"><a href="/about/join-us/prospectus-cn" >招股说明书（中文）</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-574 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/about/members" >Our Members</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/about/members">Our Members</a></label></li><li class="item-726"><a href="/about/members/allied-organisations" >Our Allies </a></li></ul></li><li class="item-725 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/about/commercial-supporters" >Our Supporters</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/about/commercial-supporters">Our Supporters</a></label></li><li class="item-967"><a href="/about/commercial-supporters/programme" onclick="window.open(this.href, 'targetWindow', 'toolbar=no,location=no,status=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes'); return false;">DPC Supporter Program</a></li><li class="item-787"><a href="/about/commercial-supporters/apply" >Apply for Supporter Status</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-586 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/about/governance" >Governance</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/about/governance">Governance</a></label></li><li class="item-1575"><a href="/about/governance/sub-committees" >Sub-Committees</a></li><li class="item-676"><a href="/about/governance/annual-report" >Annual Reports</a></li><li class="item-661"><a href="/about/governance/articles-of-association-2" target="_blank">Articles of Association</a></li><li class="item-1676"><a href="/about/governance/reports-to-council" >Reports to Council</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-1047"><a href="/about/dpcpolicies" >Policies</a></li><li class="item-587"><a href="/about/contact-us" >Contact Us</a></li><li class="item-767"><a href="/about/credits-and-acknowledgements" >Credits and acknowledgements</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-554 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/news" >News</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/news">News</a></label></li><li class="item-568"><a href="/news/job-vacancies" >Vacancies</a></li><li class="item-665"><a href="/news/new-members-of-the-dpc" >New Members of the DPC</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-1424 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres" >Digital Preservation</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres">Digital Preservation</a></label></li><li class="item-1423"><a href="/digipres/what-is-digipres" >What is digital preservation?</a></li><li class="item-1425 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/discover-good-practice" >Discover Good Practice</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/discover-good-practice">Discover Good Practice</a></label></li><li class="item-645"><a href="/digipres/discover-good-practice/looking-for-advice" >Get help with your digital preservation</a></li><li class="item-644"><a href="/digipres/discover-good-practice/dedicated-support-for-members" >Dedicated Support for Members</a></li><li class="item-3042"><a href="/digipres/discover-good-practice/dpc-consultancy" >DPC Consultancy</a></li><li class="item-1452"><a href="https://www.dpconline.org/handbook" >Digital Preservation Handbook</a></li><li class="item-655 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/discover-good-practice/tech-watch-reports" >Technology Watch Publications</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/discover-good-practice/tech-watch-reports">Technology Watch Publications</a></label></li><li class="item-1363"><a href="/digipres/discover-good-practice/tech-watch-reports/dpc-style-guide" >DPC Style Guide</a></li><li class="item-1460"><a href="/digipres/discover-good-practice/tech-watch-reports/older-superseded-reports" >Older or Superseded Reports</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2296"><a href="/digipres/discover-good-practice/digital-preservation-for-small-businesses" >Digital Preservation for Small Businesses: An Introductory Guide</a></li><li class="item-589"><a href="/digipres/discover-good-practice/working-groups-and-task-forces" >Working Groups and Task Forces</a></li><li class="item-1459"><a href="https://www.curationexchange.org/" >Curation Costs Exchange</a></li><li class="item-560"><a href="/digipres/discover-good-practice/case-studies" >Case Studies</a></li><li class="item-1461 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/discover-good-practice/translations" >Translations</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/discover-good-practice/translations">Translations</a></label></li><li class="item-1546"><a href="/digipres/discover-good-practice/translations/translation-acknowledgements" >Acknowledgements</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-1840"><a href="/digipres/discover-good-practice/environmentally-sustainable-digital-preservation" >Environmentally Sustainable Digital Preservation</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-1426 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres" >Implement Digital Preservation</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres">Implement Digital Preservation</a></label></li><li class="item-1261 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpc-ram" >Rapid Assessment Model</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpc-ram">Rapid Assessment Model</a></label></li><li class="item-2687"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpc-ram/dpc-ram-introduction" >Introduction</a></li><li class="item-2686"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpc-ram/download-dpc-ram" >Download DPC RAM</a></li><li class="item-1268 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpc-ram/level-up" >Level up with DPC RAM</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpc-ram/level-up">Level up with DPC RAM</a></label></li><li class="item-2437"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpc-ram/level-up/organizational-viability" >Organizational Viability</a></li><li class="item-2438"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpc-ram/level-up/policy-strategy" >Policy and Strategy</a></li><li class="item-2439"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpc-ram/level-up/legal-basis" >Legal Basis</a></li><li class="item-2440"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpc-ram/level-up/it-capability" >IT Capability</a></li><li class="item-2441"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpc-ram/level-up/continuous-improvement" >Continuous Improvement</a></li><li class="item-2442"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpc-ram/level-up/community" >Community</a></li><li class="item-2443"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpc-ram/level-up/acquisition-transfer-ingest" >Acquisition, Transfer and Ingest</a></li><li class="item-2444"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpc-ram/level-up/bitstream-preservation" >Bitstream Preservation</a></li><li class="item-2445"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpc-ram/level-up/content-preservation" >Content Preservation</a></li><li class="item-2446"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpc-ram/level-up/metadata-management" >Metadata Management</a></li><li class="item-2447"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpc-ram/level-up/discovery-access" >Discovery and Access</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-1953"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpc-ram/ram-faq-for-dpc-members" >FAQ for DPC Members</a></li><li class="item-2689"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpc-ram/dpc-ram-use-itemid-1946" >Further resources and case studies</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-1351 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit" >Preservation Policy Toolkit</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit">Preservation Policy Toolkit</a></label></li><li class="item-1352"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-introduction" >Introduction</a></li><li class="item-1353"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/good-policy" >What makes a good digital preservation policy?</a></li><li class="item-1355"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-step" >Step-by-step-guide to building a preservation policy</a></li><li class="item-1354 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template" >Template for building a preservation policy</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template">Template for building a preservation policy</a></label></li><li class="item-1386"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/summary-optional" >Summary (Optional)</a></li><li class="item-1387"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/purpose-recommended" >Purpose (Recommended)</a></li><li class="item-1388"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/organizational-strategy-alignment-recommended" >Strategy Alignment/Mandate (Recommended)</a></li><li class="item-1390"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/scope-recommended" >Scope (Recommended)</a></li><li class="item-1391 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/policy-principles-recommended" >Policy Principles (Recommended)</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/policy-principles-recommended">Policy Principles (Recommended)</a></label></li><li class="item-2479"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/policy-principles-recommended/policy-principles-org-viability" >Organizational Viability</a></li><li class="item-2480"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/policy-principles-recommended/policy-principles-policy-strat" >Policy and Strategy</a></li><li class="item-2481"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/policy-principles-recommended/policy-principles-legal-basis" >Legal Basis</a></li><li class="item-2482"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/policy-principles-recommended/policy-principles-it-capability" >IT Capability</a></li><li class="item-2483"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/policy-principles-recommended/policy-principles-cont-improve" >Continuous Improvement</a></li><li class="item-2484"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/policy-principles-recommended/policy-principles-community" >Community</a></li><li class="item-2485"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/policy-principles-recommended/policy-principles-acq-transfer-ingest" >Acquisition, Transfer and Ingest</a></li><li class="item-2486"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/policy-principles-recommended/policy-principles-bitstream-pres" >Bitstream Preservation</a></li><li class="item-2487"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/policy-principles-recommended/policy-principles-content-pres" >Content Preservation</a></li><li class="item-2488"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/policy-principles-recommended/policy-principles-metadata-management" >Metadata Management</a></li><li class="item-2489"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/policy-principles-recommended/policy-principles-disc-access" >Discovery and Access</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-1392"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/roles-and-responsibilities-recommended" >Roles and Responsibilities (Recommended)</a></li><li class="item-1393"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/standards-and-models-optional" >Standards and Models (Optional)</a></li><li class="item-1394"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/sustainability-recommended" >Sustainability (Recommended)</a></li><li class="item-1395"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/related-documents-recommended" >Related Documents (Recommended)</a></li><li class="item-1396"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/glossary-optional" >Glossary (Optional)</a></li><li class="item-1397"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/contact-optional" >Contact (Optional)</a></li><li class="item-1398"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-template/document-control-recommended" >Document Control (Recommended)</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2490"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-review" >Reviewing Your Policy</a></li><li class="item-1356"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/university-of-bristol-case-study" >University of Bristol Case Study</a></li><li class="item-1357"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-resources" >Further resources</a></li><li class="item-2508"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/policy-toolkit/policy-how-this-was-created" >How this resource was created</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-1114 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpeg-home" >Executive Guide</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpeg-home">Executive Guide</a></label></li><li class="item-1172"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpeg-home/dpeg-intro" >Introduction</a></li><li class="item-1165"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpeg-home/dpeg-organisation-type" >Organization Type</a></li><li class="item-1164"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpeg-home/dpeg-motivators" >Organizational Motivators</a></li><li class="item-1167"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpeg-home/dpeg-risks" >What are the Risks?</a></li><li class="item-1168"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpeg-home/dpeg-opportunities" >What are the Opportunities?</a></li><li class="item-1169"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpeg-home/dpeg-dp-needs" >What does Digital Preservation need?</a></li><li class="item-1170"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpeg-home/dpeg-facts-and-figures" >Facts and Figures</a></li><li class="item-1239"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpeg-home/dpeg-templates" >Templates</a></li><li class="item-1495"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpeg-home/execguide-french" >Le Guide pour la préservation numérique (FR)</a></li><li class="item-1496"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpeg-home/execguide-spanish" >Guía ejecutiva para la preservación digital (ES)</a></li><li class="item-1545"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dpeg-home/execguide-arabic" >(AR) الدليل التنفيذي للحفظ الرقمي</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-1455 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/business-case-toolkit" >Business Case Toolkit</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/business-case-toolkit">Business Case Toolkit</a></label></li><li class="item-2354"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/business-case-toolkit/business-case-toolkit-intro" >Introduction to the Business Case Toolkit</a></li><li class="item-2355"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/business-case-toolkit/what-makes-business-case" >What makes a good digital preservation business case?</a></li><li class="item-2356"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/business-case-toolkit/understand-dp-readiness" >Understand your digital preservation readiness</a></li><li class="item-2357"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/business-case-toolkit/step-by-step-business-case" >Step-by-step-guide to building a business case</a></li><li class="item-2358"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/business-case-toolkit/template-business-case" >Template for building a business case</a></li><li class="item-2359"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/business-case-toolkit/business-case-example-benefits-and-risks" >Example benefits and risks for typical digital preservation business cases</a></li><li class="item-2360"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/business-case-toolkit/business-case-hints-and-tips" >Business case hints and tips</a></li><li class="item-2361"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/business-case-toolkit/business-case-further-resources" >Further resources on business cases</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-1404 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/procurement-toolkit" >Procurement Toolkit</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/procurement-toolkit">Procurement Toolkit</a></label></li><li class="item-1405"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/procurement-toolkit/procurement-toolkit-introduction" >Introduction</a></li><li class="item-1406"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/procurement-toolkit/procurement-toolkit-lessons-learned" >Lessons learned in digital preservation procurement</a></li><li class="item-1407"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/procurement-toolkit/procurement-toolkit-common-requirements" >Common requirements for repository procurement</a></li><li class="item-2328"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/procurement-toolkit/procurement-toolkit-core-requirements" >Core requirements for a digital preservation system</a></li><li class="item-2329"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/procurement-toolkit/procurement-toolkit-it-systems" >Digital preservation requirements for procuring IT systems</a></li><li class="item-1408"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/procurement-toolkit/procurement-toolkit-dp-futures" >Advice from DPC Supporters</a></li><li class="item-1409"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/procurement-toolkit/procurement-toolkit-further-resources" >Further resources</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-1623 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit" >EDRMS Preservation Toolkit</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit">EDRMS Preservation Toolkit</a></label></li><li class="item-1624"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-introduction" >Introduction</a></li><li class="item-1625"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-what-is-a-record" >What is a record?</a></li><li class="item-1626"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-preservation-challenges" >Preservation challenges</a></li><li class="item-1628 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-intro" >The preservation process</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-intro">The preservation process</a></label></li><li class="item-1629"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-intro/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-problem" >Understanding the problem</a></li><li class="item-1630"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-intro/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-team" >Gathering the right team</a></li><li class="item-1631"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-intro/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-technical" >Understanding the technical infrastructure</a></li><li class="item-1632"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-intro/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-records" >Understanding the records and the processes that created them</a></li><li class="item-1633"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-intro/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-objects" >Understanding the digital objects</a></li><li class="item-1634"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-intro/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-metadata" >Understanding the metadata</a></li><li class="item-1635"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-intro/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-risks" >Assessing the risks</a></li><li class="item-1636"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-intro/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-selecting" >Selecting a preservation approach</a></li><li class="item-1637"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-intro/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-making-case" >Making the case</a></li><li class="item-1638"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-intro/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-taking-action" >Taking action</a></li><li class="item-1639"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-intro/edrms-toolkit-preservation-process-lessons" >Processing the lessons learned</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-1643"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-metadata" >Which metadata to preserve</a></li><li class="item-1640"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-future" >The future of records preservation</a></li><li class="item-1641 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-further-resources" >Further resources & case studies</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-further-resources">Further resources & case studies</a></label></li><li class="item-1646"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-further-resources/edrms-toolkit-case-study-hcampbell" >Hugh Campbell, PRONI</a></li><li class="item-1647"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-further-resources/edrms-toolkit-case-study-jdoig" >James Doig, NAA</a></li><li class="item-1648"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-further-resources/edrms-toolkit-case-study-nsteele" >Nicola Steele, Grosvenor Estate</a></li><li class="item-1645"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-further-resources/edrms-toolkit-case-study-evaldes" >Elvis Valdes, UN IRMCT</a></li><li class="item-1649"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-further-resources/edrms-toolkit-case-study-lwilliams" >Lorna Williams, Bank of England</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-1642"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/edrms-preservation-toolkit/edrms-toolkit-how-created" >How this resource was created</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2075 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/computational-access-guide" >Computational Access: A beginner's guide</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/computational-access-guide">Computational Access: A beginner's guide</a></label></li><li class="item-2076"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/computational-access-guide/computational-access-guide-introduction" >Introduction</a></li><li class="item-2077"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/computational-access-guide/computational-access-guide-definitions" >Definitions</a></li><li class="item-2078 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/computational-access-guide/computational-access-guide-approaches" >Approaches to computational access</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/computational-access-guide/computational-access-guide-approaches">Approaches to computational access</a></label></li><li class="item-2084"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/computational-access-guide/computational-access-guide-approaches/computational-access-guide-approaches-terms" >Terms of Use</a></li><li class="item-2085"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/computational-access-guide/computational-access-guide-approaches/computational-access-guide-approaches-bulk" >Bulk dataset/Downloads</a></li><li class="item-2086"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/computational-access-guide/computational-access-guide-approaches/computational-access-guide-approaches-api" >Application Programming Interface (API)</a></li><li class="item-2087"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/computational-access-guide/computational-access-guide-approaches/computational-access-guide-approaches-platform" >Platform</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2079"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/computational-access-guide/computational-access-guide-ethics" >Ethics of computational access</a></li><li class="item-2080"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/computational-access-guide/computational-access-guide-benefits-drawbacks" >Benefits and drawbacks</a></li><li class="item-2081"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/computational-access-guide/computational-access-guide-practical-steps" >Practical steps for moving forward</a></li><li class="item-2082"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/computational-access-guide/computational-access-guide-resources" >Further Resources and case studies</a></li><li class="item-2083"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/computational-access-guide/computational-access-guide-how-created" >How this guide was created</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2623 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/digital-preservation-documentation-guide" >Digital Preservation Documentation: A Guide</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/digital-preservation-documentation-guide">Digital Preservation Documentation: A Guide</a></label></li><li class="item-2624"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/digital-preservation-documentation-guide/digital-preservation-documentation-introductio" >Introduction to Digital Preservation Documentation</a></li><li class="item-2627"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/digital-preservation-documentation-guide/digital-preservation-documentation-what-why-who" >The What, Why and Who of Documentation</a></li><li class="item-2628"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/digital-preservation-documentation-guide/digital-preservation-documentation-good-bad" >The Good and the Bad of Documentation</a></li><li class="item-2635"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/digital-preservation-documentation-guide/digital-preservation-documentation-creating-documentatio" >Creating Documentation</a></li><li class="item-2629"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/digital-preservation-documentation-guide/digital-preservation-documentation-revising" >Revising and Maintaining Documentation</a></li><li class="item-2630"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/digital-preservation-documentation-guide/digital-preservation-documentation-preservin" >Preserving Documentation</a></li><li class="item-2631 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/digital-preservation-documentation-guide/alias-digital-preservation-documentation-case-studies" >Interviews and Case Studies</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/digital-preservation-documentation-guide/alias-digital-preservation-documentation-case-studies">Interviews and Case Studies</a></label></li><li class="item-2632"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/digital-preservation-documentation-guide/alias-digital-preservation-documentation-case-studies/digital-preservation-documentation-interview-naa" >Documentation interview with James Doig</a></li><li class="item-2633"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/digital-preservation-documentation-guide/alias-digital-preservation-documentation-case-studies/digital-preservation-documentation-interview-uog" >Documentation interview with Leo Konstantelos</a></li><li class="item-2634"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/digital-preservation-documentation-guide/alias-digital-preservation-documentation-case-studies/digital-preservation-documentation-interview-agnsw" >Documentation interview with Ziggy Potts</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2626"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/digital-preservation-documentation-guide/digital-preservation-documentation-further-resources" >Further Resources</a></li><li class="item-2625"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/digital-preservation-documentation-guide/digital-preservation-documentation-guide-creation" >How was this guide created? </a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2690 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dar-toolkit" >Digital Asset Register Toolkit</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dar-toolkit">Digital Asset Register Toolkit</a></label></li><li class="item-2691"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dar-toolkit/dar-intro" >Introduction</a></li><li class="item-2692"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dar-toolkit/good-dar" >What Makes a Good Digital Asset Register?</a></li><li class="item-2693"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dar-toolkit/dar-stepbystep" >Step-by-step Guide to Building a Digital Asset Register</a></li><li class="item-2694 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dar-toolkit/dar-template" >Template for Building a Digital Asset Register</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dar-toolkit/dar-template">Template for Building a Digital Asset Register</a></label></li><li class="item-2695"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dar-toolkit/dar-template/dar-addheadings" >Additional DAR Headings</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2696 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dar-toolkit/dar-infogathering" >More on Information Gathering</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dar-toolkit/dar-infogathering">More on Information Gathering</a></label></li><li class="item-2697"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dar-toolkit/dar-infogathering/dar-interview" >Example Interview Questions</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2698"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/dar-toolkit/dar-resources" >Useful Resources</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2943 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit" >Community Archives Digital Preservation Toolkit</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit">Community Archives Digital Preservation Toolkit</a></label></li><li class="item-2945"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-how-to" >How to use this toolkit</a></li><li class="item-2944 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix" >Toolkit Matrix</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix">Toolkit Matrix</a></label></li><li class="item-2953 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-choose-create-your-content" >Choose / Create your content</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-choose-create-your-content">Choose / Create your content</a></label></li><li class="item-2963"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-choose-create-your-content/community-archives-choose-create-your-content-1" >Level 1 - Selecting your content</a></li><li class="item-2964"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-choose-create-your-content/community-archives-choose-create-your-content-2" >Level 2 - What to collect</a></li><li class="item-2965"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-choose-create-your-content/community-archives-choose-create-your-content-3" >Level 3 - What to keep</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2954 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-organise-your-content" >Organise your content</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-organise-your-content">Organise your content</a></label></li><li class="item-2966"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-organise-your-content/community-archives-organise-your-content-1" >Level 1 - Naming Conventions</a></li><li class="item-2967"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-organise-your-content/community-archives-organise-your-content-2" >Level 2 - File Structure</a></li><li class="item-2968"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-organise-your-content/community-archives-organise-your-content-3" >Level 3 - Using a System</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2955 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-who-does-what" >Who does what</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-who-does-what">Who does what</a></label></li><li class="item-2969"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-who-does-what/community-archives-who-does-what-1" >Level 1 - Roles and Responsibilities - on a page</a></li><li class="item-2970"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-who-does-what/community-archives-who-does-what-2" >Level 2 - More detailed roles and responsibilities</a></li><li class="item-2971"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-who-does-what/community-archives-who-does-what-3" >Level 3 - Annual Review of Roles and Responsibilities</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2956 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-understand-your-content" >Understand your content</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-understand-your-content">Understand your content</a></label></li><li class="item-2972"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-understand-your-content/community-archives-understand-your-content-1" >Level 1 - What and where your content is</a></li><li class="item-2973"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-understand-your-content/community-archives-understand-your-content-2" >Level 2 - Find this information</a></li><li class="item-2974"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-understand-your-content/community-archives-understand-your-content-3" >Level 3 - Digital Asset Register </a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2957 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-keep-your-content" >Keep your content</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-keep-your-content">Keep your content</a></label></li><li class="item-2975"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-keep-your-content/community-archives-keep-your-content-1" >Level 1 - Storage Review</a></li><li class="item-2976"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-keep-your-content/community-archives-keep-your-content-2" >Level 2 - Storage Options</a></li><li class="item-2977"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-keep-your-content/community-archives-keep-your-content-3" >Level 3 - Storing Your content</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2958 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-control-your-content" >Control your content</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-control-your-content">Control your content</a></label></li><li class="item-2978"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-control-your-content/community-archives-control-your-content-1" >Level 1 - Exit Strategy</a></li><li class="item-2979"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-control-your-content/community-archives-control-your-content-2" >Level 2 - How to talk to Suppliers </a></li><li class="item-2980"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-control-your-content/community-archives-control-your-content-3" >Level 3 - Check Your Contracts</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2959 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-make-copies" >Make Copies</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-make-copies">Make Copies</a></label></li><li class="item-2981"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-make-copies/community-archives-make-copies-1" >Level 1 - Back up your content offsite</a></li><li class="item-2982"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-make-copies/community-archives-make-copies-2" >Level 2 - The 3 – 2 – 1 Rule </a></li><li class="item-2983"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-make-copies/community-archives-make-copies-3" >Level 3 - Check your copies</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2960 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-plan-to-share" >Plan to share</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-plan-to-share">Plan to share</a></label></li><li class="item-2984"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-plan-to-share/community-archives-plan-to-share-1" >Level 1 - Prepare for access </a></li><li class="item-2985"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-plan-to-share/community-archives-plan-to-share-2" >Level 2 - Permission to Share </a></li><li class="item-2986"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-plan-to-share/community-archives-plan-to-share-3" >Level 3 - The Rules of Access</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2961 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-preserve-your-website" >Preserve your website</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-preserve-your-website">Preserve your website</a></label></li><li class="item-2987"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-preserve-your-website/community-archives-preserve-your-website-1" >Level 1 - Submit your URL to be archived</a></li><li class="item-2988"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-preserve-your-website/community-archives-preserve-your-website-2" >Level 2 - Make your website archivable</a></li><li class="item-2989"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archives-preserve-your-website/community-archives-preserve-your-website-3" >Level 3 - Archive your website</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2962 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archive-safeguard-your-content" >Safeguard your content</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archive-safeguard-your-content">Safeguard your content</a></label></li><li class="item-2990"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archive-safeguard-your-content/community-archives-safeguard-your-content-1" >Level 1 - Plan for the Worst – Expect the Best </a></li><li class="item-2991"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archive-safeguard-your-content/community-archives-safeguard-your-content-2" >Level 2 - The More Information, the Better </a></li><li class="item-2992"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-toolkit-matrix/community-archive-safeguard-your-content/community-archives-safeguard-your-content-3" >Level 3 - Cybersecurity</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="item-2946"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-what-is-dp" >What is Digital Preservation?</a></li><li class="item-2949"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-just-one-thing" >Digital Preservation – Just One Thing</a></li><li class="item-2947"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-explaining-lifecycle" >Explaining the Lifecycle</a></li><li class="item-2948"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-not-alone" >You Are Not Alone</a></li><li class="item-2950"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-jargon-buster" >Jargon Buster</a></li><li class="item-2951 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-case-studies" >Case Studies</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-case-studies">Case Studies</a></label></li><li class="item-2994"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-case-studies/community-archives-case-study-organise" >Organise your content Case Study</a></li><li class="item-2993"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-case-studies/community-archives-case-study-create" >Create/Choose your content Case Study</a></li><li class="item-2995"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-case-studies/community-archives-case-study-understand" >Understand your content Case Study </a></li><li class="item-2996"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-case-studies/community-archives-case-study-keep" >Keep your content Case Study</a></li><li class="item-2997"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-case-studies/community-archives-case-study-control" >Control your content Case Study </a></li><li class="item-2998"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-case-studies/community-archives-case-study-plan-share" >Plan to share Case Study</a></li><li class="item-2999"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-case-studies/community-archives-case-study-preserve-website" >Preserve your website Case Study</a></li><li class="item-3000"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-case-studies/community-archives-case-study-safeguard-content" >Safeguard your content Case Study</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2952"><a href="/digipres/implement-digipres/community-archives-dp-toolkit/community-archives-resource-list" >What Next Resource List</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="item-1427 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation" >Champion Digital Preservation</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation">Champion Digital Preservation</a></label></li><li class="item-1453"><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/digital-preservation-awards" >Digital Preservation Awards</a></li><li class="item-1454"><a href="https://www.dpconline.org/events/world-digital-preservation-day" >World Digital Preservation Day </a></li><li class="item-1462"><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/engaging-with-public-policy" >Engaging with Public Policy</a></li><li class="item-828 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list" >Bit List</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list">Bit List</a></label></li><li class="item-1118"><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/using-the-bitlist" >Interpreting and Using The BitList</a></li><li class="item-987"><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/lower-risk" >Lower Risk</a></li><li class="item-988"><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/vulnerable" >Vulnerable</a></li><li class="item-989"><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/endangered" >Endangered</a></li><li class="item-990 current"><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered" aria-current="page">Critically Endangered</a></li><li class="item-991"><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/practically-extinct" >Practically Extinct</a></li><li class="item-986"><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/concern" >Concern</a></li><li class="item-2514"><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/bit-list-council" >The Bit List Council</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="item-1428 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/prof-development" >Professional Development</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/prof-development">Professional Development</a></label></li><li class="item-2034 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/prof-development/dp-competency" >Competency Framework</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/prof-development/dp-competency">Competency Framework</a></label></li><li class="item-2035"><a href="/digipres/prof-development/dp-competency/dpc-cat" >DPC Competency Audit Toolkit</a></li><li class="item-2036"><a href="/digipres/prof-development/dp-competency/dp-roles" >Example Role Descriptions</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-1385"><a href="/digipres/prof-development/n2kh-online-training" >Novice to Know-How</a></li><li class="item-588 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/prof-development/cdfund" >Career Development Fund</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/prof-development/cdfund">Career Development Fund</a></label></li><li class="item-1101"><a href="/digipres/prof-development/cdfund/cdf-guidelines" >Career Development Fund Application Guidelines</a></li><li class="item-1576"><a href="/digipres/prof-development/cdfund/dpc-grant-recipients" >DPC Grant Recipients</a></li><li class="item-2330"><a href="/digipres/prof-development/cdfund/dpc-grant-calendar" >DPC Grant Calendar</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-984"><a href="/digipres/prof-development/training-resources" >Getting Started and Making Progress training modules</a></li><li class="item-2604"><a href="/digipres/prof-development/dpc-reading-club" >DPC Reading Club</a></li><li class="item-2637 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/prof-development/python-study-group" >Python Study Group Program</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/prof-development/python-study-group">Python Study Group Program</a></label></li><li class="item-2638"><a href="/digipres/prof-development/python-study-group/psg-role-descriptions" >Role Descriptions</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-2893"><a href="/digipres/prof-development/lm-analysis" >Labour Market Analysis</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-1429 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/digipres/collaborative-projects" >Collaborative Projects</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/digipres/collaborative-projects">Collaborative Projects</a></label></li><li class="item-1456"><a href="https://copim.pubpub.org/" >Open Book Futures</a></li><li class="item-1457"><a href="/digipres/collaborative-projects/n2kh-project" >Novice to Know-How</a></li><li class="item-2677"><a href="/digipres/collaborative-projects/registries-of-good-practice" >Registries of Good Practice</a></li><li class="item-585"><a href="/digipres/collaborative-projects/completed-projects" >Completed projects</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="item-1777 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/events" >Events</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/events">Events</a></label></li><li class="item-927 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/events/world-digital-preservation-day" >World Digital Preservation Day</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/events/world-digital-preservation-day">World Digital Preservation Day</a></label></li><li class="item-2636"><a href="/events/world-digital-preservation-day/global-events" >World Digital Preservation Day Events</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-647"><a href="/events" >Upcoming Events</a></li><li class="item-2074"><a href="/events/previous-events" >Previous Events</a></li><li class="item-694 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/events/past-events" >Archived Events</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/events/past-events">Archived Events</a></label></li><li class="item-816"><a href="/events/past-events/webinars" >Webinars</a></li></ul></li><li class="item-608 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/events/digital-preservation-awards" >Digital Preservation Awards</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/events/digital-preservation-awards">Digital Preservation Awards</a></label></li><li class="item-3029"><a href="/events/digital-preservation-awards/digital-preservation-awards-2024" >Digital Preservation Awards 2024</a></li><li class="item-2676"><a href="/events/digital-preservation-awards/dpa2022" >Digital Preservation Awards 2022</a></li><li class="item-1916"><a href="/events/digital-preservation-awards/digital-preservation-awards-2020" >Digital Preservation Awards 2020</a></li><li class="item-1362"><a href="/events/digital-preservation-awards/digital-preservation-awards-2018" >Digital Preservation Awards 2018</a></li><li class="item-1031"><a href="/events/digital-preservation-awards/digital-preservation-awards-2016" >Digital Preservation Awards 2016</a></li><li class="item-617"><a href="/events/digital-preservation-awards/digital-preservation-awards-2014" >Digital Preservation Awards 2014</a></li><li class="item-618"><a href="/events/digital-preservation-awards/digital-preservation-awards-2012" >Digital Preservation Awards 2012</a></li><li class="item-619"><a href="/events/digital-preservation-awards/digital-preservation-award-2010" >Digital Preservation Award 2010</a></li><li class="item-620"><a href="/events/digital-preservation-awards/digital-preservation-award-2007" >Digital Preservation Award 2007</a></li><li class="item-621"><a href="/events/digital-preservation-awards/digital-preservation-award-2005" >Digital Preservation Award 2005</a></li><li class="item-615"><a href="/events/digital-preservation-awards/roll-of-honour" >Roll of Honour</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="item-711 deeper has-submenu parent"><a href="/blog" >Blog</a><ul class="right-submenu"> <li class="back"><a href="javascript:(void);">Back</a></li> <li><label><a href="/blog">Blog</a></label></li><li class="item-2353"><a href="/blog/blog-topics" >Blog Topics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="inner-wrap"> <a class="exit-off-canvas"> </a> <div class="row show_at_full_nav header hide-for-print"> <div class="row" id="header"> <div class="medium-2 large-4 columns"> <a href="/" title="DPC Home" class="logo_link"> <svg class="logo" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMid meet" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 350.2 73.7" style="enable-background:new 0 0 350.2 73.7;" xml:space="preserve"> <g class="text show-for-large-up grey"> <g> <path d="M107.4,32.9h2.9c4.1,0,5.9,1.7,5.9,6c0,4.2-1.8,6-5.9,6h-2.9V32.9z M106,46h4.9c4.3-0.1,6.5-2.4,6.5-7.1c0-4.7-2.3-7-6.5-7.1H106V46z" /> <path d="M119.5,35.7h1.3V46h-1.3V35.7z M119.5,31.8h1.3v2h-1.3V31.8z" /> <path d="M127.2,44.8c-2.3,0-3.4-2-3.4-4.1c0-2.1,1-4.3,3.4-4.3c2.4,0,3.3,2.3,3.3,4.3C130.5,42.8,129.4,44.8,127.2,44.8z M131.8,35.7h-1.3v1.8h0c-0.5-1.1-1.8-2.1-3.3-2.1c-3,0-4.6,2.3-4.6,5.2c0,2.9,1.4,5.3,4.6,5.3c1.5,0,2.7-0.9,3.3-2.1h0v1.4c0,2.5-1,3.9-3.3,3.9c-1.4,0-2.7-0.5-3-2.1H123c0.2,2.2,2.2,3.1,4.3,3.1c3.4,0,4.5-1.9,4.6-4.9V35.7z" /> <path d="M134.2,35.7h1.3V46h-1.3V35.7z M134.2,31.8h1.3v2h-1.3V31.8z" /> <path d="M139.9,35.7h2.1v1.1h-2.1v6.9c0,0.8,0.1,1.3,1,1.4c0.4,0,0.7,0,1.1-0.1v1.1c-0.4,0-0.7,0-1.1,0c-1.7,0-2.3-0.6-2.2-2.3v-7h-1.8v-1.1h1.8v-3.1h1.3V35.7z" /> <path d="M150.3,42c0,2-1.7,3.2-3.6,3.2c-1.2,0-2.3-0.8-2.3-2c0-2,2.6-2,4.8-2.4c0.3-0.1,0.9-0.2,1.1-0.5h0V42zM144.9,38.9c0-1.7,1.2-2.4,2.7-2.4c1.5,0,2.7,0.4,2.7,2.1c0,1.1-0.6,1.3-1.6,1.4c-2.7,0.3-5.5,0.4-5.5,3.3c0,2.1,1.6,3,3.4,3c2,0,2.9-0.8,3.7-2.1h0c0,1.1,0.2,1.8,1.5,1.8c0.3,0,0.5,0,0.8-0.1v-1.1c-0.1,0-0.3,0.1-0.4,0.1c-0.5,0-0.7-0.3-0.7-0.8v-5.5c0-2.7-2-3.3-3.8-3.3c-2.3,0-4,1-4.2,3.4H144.9z" /> <path d="M154.1,31.8h1.3V46h-1.3V31.8z" /> </g> <g class="green"> <path d="M161.1,34.2h2.4c1.5,0,2.7,0.3,2.7,2.1c0,1.8-1.3,2.1-2.7,2.1h-2.4V34.2z M158,46h3.1v-5.1h3.3c3.5,0,4.9-2.3,4.9-4.6c0-2.3-1.4-4.6-4.9-4.6H158V46z" /> <path d="M170.9,35.7h2.7v1.9h0c0.5-1.3,1.9-2.2,3.3-2.2c0.2,0,0.4,0,0.6,0.1v2.6c-0.3-0.1-0.7-0.1-1-0.1c-2.1,0-2.8,1.5-2.8,3.3V46h-2.8V35.7z" /> <path d="M181,39.7c0-0.8,0.6-2.2,2.3-2.2c1.4,0,2,0.8,2.3,2.2H181z M188.4,41.5c0.2-3.2-1.5-6.1-5-6.1c-3.1,0-5.3,2.3-5.3,5.4c0,3.2,2,5.4,5.3,5.4c2.3,0,4-1,4.8-3.5h-2.5c-0.2,0.6-1.1,1.3-2.2,1.3c-1.6,0-2.4-0.8-2.5-2.6H188.4z" /> <path d="M192.3,42.6c0,1.2,1.1,1.7,2.2,1.7c0.8,0,1.9-0.3,1.9-1.3c0-0.9-1.2-1.2-3.2-1.6c-1.6-0.4-3.3-0.9-3.3-2.7c0-2.6,2.3-3.3,4.5-3.3c2.3,0,4.3,0.8,4.5,3.3h-2.7c-0.1-1.1-0.9-1.4-1.9-1.4c-0.6,0-1.6,0.1-1.6,1c0,1,1.6,1.2,3.2,1.5c1.7,0.4,3.3,1,3.3,2.9c0,2.7-2.3,3.6-4.7,3.6c-2.4,0-4.7-0.9-4.8-3.6H192.3z" /> <path d="M203.1,39.7c0-0.8,0.6-2.2,2.3-2.2c1.4,0,2,0.8,2.3,2.2H203.1z M210.6,41.5c0.2-3.2-1.5-6.1-5-6.1c-3.1,0-5.3,2.3-5.3,5.4c0,3.2,2,5.4,5.3,5.4c2.3,0,4-1,4.8-3.5h-2.5c-0.2,0.6-1.1,1.3-2.2,1.3c-1.6,0-2.4-0.8-2.5-2.6H210.6z" /> <path d="M212.2,35.7h2.7v1.9h0c0.5-1.3,1.9-2.2,3.3-2.2c0.2,0,0.4,0,0.6,0.1v2.6c-0.3-0.1-0.7-0.1-1-0.1c-2.1,0-2.8,1.5-2.8,3.3V46h-2.8V35.7z" /> <path d="M226.1,46h-3.1l-3.5-10.3h3l2.2,7h0l2.2-7h2.8L226.1,46z" /> <path d="M237.1,42c0,0.6-0.1,2.4-2.3,2.4c-0.9,0-1.7-0.3-1.7-1.3c0-1,0.8-1.3,1.7-1.5c0.9-0.2,1.9-0.2,2.3-0.6V42zM233.4,38.9c0.1-1.1,0.8-1.6,1.9-1.6c1,0,1.8,0.2,1.8,1.4c0,1.2-1.6,1.1-3.3,1.4c-1.8,0.2-3.5,0.8-3.5,3.1c0,2.1,1.6,3.1,3.5,3.1c1.3,0,2.6-0.3,3.5-1.3c0,0.3,0.1,0.7,0.2,1h2.9c-0.3-0.4-0.4-1.4-0.4-2.3v-5.4c0-2.5-2.5-2.9-4.5-2.9c-2.3,0-4.7,0.8-4.8,3.4H233.4z" /> <path d="M245.8,35.7h2.1v1.9h-2.1v5.1c0,1,0.2,1.2,1.2,1.2c0.3,0,0.6,0,0.9-0.1V46c-0.5,0.1-1.1,0.1-1.7,0.1c-1.7,0-3.2-0.4-3.2-2.4v-6.1h-1.7v-1.9h1.7v-3.1h2.8V35.7z" /> <path d="M249.3,35.7h2.8V46h-2.8V35.7z M252.1,34.1h-2.8v-2.3h2.8V34.1z" /> <path d="M256.8,40.8c0-1.7,0.6-3.3,2.5-3.3c1.9,0,2.5,1.7,2.5,3.3c0,1.6-0.6,3.3-2.5,3.3C257.4,44.1,256.8,42.5,256.8,40.8z M254,40.8c0,3.3,2.1,5.4,5.3,5.4c3.2,0,5.3-2.2,5.3-5.4c0-3.3-2.1-5.4-5.3-5.4C256.1,35.4,254,37.6,254,40.8z" /> <path d="M266.5,35.7h2.7v1.4h0.1c0.7-1.2,2-1.7,3.1-1.7c3,0,3.8,1.7,3.8,4.2V46h-2.8v-5.8c0-1.7-0.5-2.5-1.8-2.5c-1.5,0-2.2,0.9-2.2,2.9V46h-2.8V35.7z" /> </g> <g> <path d="M289,36.1c-0.5-2.2-2.3-3.4-4.4-3.4c-3.8,0-5.4,3.1-5.4,6.3c0,3.1,1.6,6.3,5.4,6.3c2.6,0,4.3-2,4.6-4.6h1.4c-0.4,3.5-2.6,5.7-5.9,5.7c-4.5,0-6.7-3.5-6.7-7.4c0-3.9,2.2-7.4,6.7-7.4c2.7,0,5.4,1.6,5.7,4.6H289z" /> <path d="M296.8,36.5c2.4,0,3.6,2.2,3.6,4.4s-1.2,4.4-3.6,4.4c-2.4,0-3.6-2.2-3.6-4.4S294.4,36.5,296.8,36.5zM296.8,35.4c-3.1,0-4.9,2.5-4.9,5.4s1.7,5.4,4.9,5.4c3.1,0,4.9-2.5,4.9-5.4S299.9,35.4,296.8,35.4z" /> <path d="M310.1,42c0,2-1.7,3.2-3.6,3.2c-1.2,0-2.3-0.8-2.3-2c0-2,2.6-2,4.8-2.4c0.3-0.1,0.9-0.2,1.1-0.5h0V42zM304.6,38.9c0-1.7,1.2-2.4,2.7-2.4c1.5,0,2.7,0.4,2.7,2.1c0,1.1-0.6,1.3-1.6,1.4c-2.7,0.3-5.5,0.4-5.5,3.3c0,2.1,1.6,3,3.4,3c2,0,2.9-0.8,3.7-2.1h0c0,1.1,0.2,1.8,1.5,1.8c0.3,0,0.5,0,0.8-0.1v-1.1c-0.1,0-0.3,0.1-0.4,0.1c-0.5,0-0.7-0.3-0.7-0.8v-5.5c0-2.7-2-3.3-3.8-3.3c-2.3,0-4,1-4.2,3.4H304.6z" /> <path d="M313.8,31.8h1.3V46h-1.3V31.8z" /> <path d="M317.5,35.7h1.3V46h-1.3V35.7z M317.5,31.8h1.3v2h-1.3V31.8z" /> <path d="M323.2,35.7h2.1v1.1h-2.1v6.9c0,0.8,0.1,1.3,1,1.4c0.4,0,0.7,0,1.1-0.1v1.1c-0.4,0-0.7,0-1.1,0c-1.7,0-2.3-0.6-2.2-2.3v-7h-1.8v-1.1h1.8v-3.1h1.3V35.7z" /> <path d="M327.1,35.7h1.3V46h-1.3V35.7z M327.1,31.8h1.3v2h-1.3V31.8z" /> <path d="M335.1,36.5c2.4,0,3.6,2.2,3.6,4.4s-1.2,4.4-3.6,4.4c-2.4,0-3.6-2.2-3.6-4.4S332.7,36.5,335.1,36.5zM335.1,35.4c-3.1,0-4.9,2.5-4.9,5.4s1.7,5.4,4.9,5.4c3.1,0,4.9-2.5,4.9-5.4S338.3,35.4,335.1,35.4z" /> <path d="M341.8,35.7h1.3v1.8h0c0.5-1.2,1.8-2.1,3.3-2.1c2.9,0,3.8,1.5,3.8,4V46h-1.3v-6.4c0-1.8-0.6-3.1-2.6-3.1c-2,0-3.2,1.5-3.2,3.5v6h-1.3V35.7z" /> </g> </g> <g class="logo green"> <path d="M35.4,28.8h0.1c2.2-3.4,6.3-4.8,10.7-4.8c5.4,0,9.3,2,11.8,4.9c3-3.3,7.7-5.2,13.8-5.2c4.2,0,13.8,1.4,15.4,10.9h-7.6c-0.5-2.9-3.6-5.3-7.8-5.3c-6.8,0-9.7,4.6-9.7,9.5s2.6,9.5,8.9,9.5c5.7,0,7.2-2.2,8.7-6.2h7.6c0,0.2-0.1,0.4-0.1,0.6c6.1-9.9,7.7-20.5,3.3-28.9c-7.9-15-32-18-55.1-7.5V28.8z" /> <path d="M19,29.6c-6.9,0-9.5,4.6-9.5,9.3c0,4.8,2.6,9.4,9.5,9.4c5.5,0,8.2-3,9.1-6.6v-5.5C27.3,32.6,24.5,29.6,19,29.6z" /> <path d="M44.5,48.2c6.9,0,9.5-4.6,9.5-9.4c0-4.7-2.6-9.3-9.5-9.3c-5.5,0-8.2,3-9.1,6.5v5.5C36.3,45.3,39,48.2,44.5,48.2z" /> <path d="M71.8,53.8c-6.5,0-11-2-13.7-5c-2.5,3-6.4,5-11.9,5c-5.8,0-10.2-3.2-10.7-4.9h-0.1v3.9h0v20.8c8.4-0.7,17.5-3.3,26.2-8c7-3.7,13.1-8.3,17.9-13.3C76.2,53.8,72.8,53.8,71.8,53.8z" /> <path d="M17.3,24c4.4,0,8.6,1.4,10.7,4.8h0.1v-4h0V10c-7.5,4.4-13.7,9.8-18.4,15.7C11.8,24.6,14.3,24,17.3,24z" /> <path d="M28.1,48.9H28c-0.5,1.7-4.9,4.9-10.7,4.9C6.7,53.8,2,46.1,2,39c-2.7,7.4-2.7,14.8,0.6,21.1c4.4,8.4,14,13.1,25.6,13.6V48.9z" /> </g> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="medium-10 large-8 columns"> <div class="moduletable menu"> <ul class="mod-menu mod-list nav system"> <li class="nav-item item-556"><a href="/login" >Login</a></li></ul> </div> <div id="nav" class=" vert_center hide-for-small"> <div class="moduletable menu main-menu"> <ul class="mod-menu mod-list nav "> <li class="nav-item item-553 parent"><a href="/about" >About</a></li><li class="nav-item item-554 parent"><a href="/news" >News</a></li><li class="nav-item item-1424 parent"><a href="/digipres" >Digital Preservation</a></li><li class="nav-item item-1777 parent"><a href="/events" >Events</a></li><li class="nav-item item-711 parent"><a href="/blog" >Blog</a></li></ul> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="main-section content {"layout_type":"blog","show_category_heading_title_text":"","show_category_title":"","show_description":"","show_description_image":"","maxLevel":"","show_empty_categories":"","show_no_articles":"","show_subcat_desc":"","show_cat_num_articles":"","show_cat_tags":"","page_subheading":"","num_leading_articles":"","num_intro_articles":"","num_columns":"","num_links":"","multi_column_order":"","show_subcategory_content":"","orderby_pri":"","orderby_sec":"","order_date":"","show_pagination":"","show_pagination_results":"","show_featured":"","article_layout":"_:default","show_title":"0","link_titles":"0","show_intro":"","info_block_position":"","info_block_show_title":"","show_category":"","link_category":"","show_parent_category":"","link_parent_category":"","show_associations":"","show_author":"","link_author":"","show_create_date":"","show_modify_date":"","show_publish_date":"","show_item_navigation":"","show_vote":"","show_readmore":"","show_readmore_title":"","show_icons":"","show_print_icon":"","show_email_icon":"","show_hits":"","show_tags":"","show_noauth":"","show_feed_link":"","feed_summary":"","menu-anchor_title":"","menu-anchor_css":"","menu_image":"","menu_image_css":"","menu_text":1,"menu_show":1,"page_title":"","show_page_heading":"","page_heading":"","pageclass_sfx":"","menu-meta_description":"","menu-meta_keywords":"","robots":"","secure":0}"> <div id="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="large-3 xlarge-3 no_pad columns sub_nav hide-for-print"> <div class="show-for-large-up"> </div> <div class="members hide-for-medium-down"> <h2></h2> <div class="slider royalSlider"> <div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/AARNet__banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/ADS_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/AGNSW_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/AIATSIS_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/APT_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/ARA_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/ASA_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/AUC_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/AWE_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/AberUni_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Abrdn_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/BBC_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/BFI_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/BL_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/BNF_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/BNL_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/BOE_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/BT_Logo_300x90.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Bodleian_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Bristol_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/CERN_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/CSC_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/CSU_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Cambridge_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/DANS_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/DCC_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/DRA_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/DRI_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Deakin_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Diageo_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Durham_University_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/ECB_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/EdinCC_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/GGC_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Getty_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Grosvenor_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/HES_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/HSBC_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/HWU_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Harvard_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/HouseOir_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/ITMA_Banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/IU_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/IWM_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Jisc_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/KCL_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/KEEP_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/LAC_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/LBG_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/LOC_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/LSE_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/LSHTM_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Lancaster_Uni_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/London Archives_Banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Loughborough_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/MIN_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Monash_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/NAA_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/NAI_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/NB_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/NDA_final_Black_small.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/NLAUAE_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/NLI_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/NLS_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/NLW_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/NL_SV_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/NRS_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/NSLALogo_horizontal.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/NatWest_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Nga_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/OU_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/PA_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/PM_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/PORTICO_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/PRONI_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/QMUL_Banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/RCAHMW__banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/RCUK_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/RIBA_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/RIMPA_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/RMG_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/SCA_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/SMG_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Swedish_Tax_Agency_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/TATE_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/TNA_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Trinity_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UAL_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UA_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UCD_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UIUC_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UKDA_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UNISA_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UN_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOBath_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOBham_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOEdin_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOG_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOK_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOL_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOLeeds_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOLiv_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOM_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOMelb_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOMinnesota_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UONott_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOPort_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOSheff_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOStAndrews_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOStrath_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOSyd_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOW-logo-aw-FINAL-Black_300x90px.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOWits_Banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOY_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/USGPO_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Uni_Arizona_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Unilever_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/VA_banner_new_2.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Vanderbilt_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/WBG-banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Wellcome_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Western_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/agency_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/flickr_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/ku_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/mcc_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/newcastle_uni_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/nslc_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/nyu_library_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/uni_pittsburgh_banner.jpg" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/EUMETSAT_Banner.png" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/HE_banner.png" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UOWarwick_banner.png" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/UoSouth_banner.png" /></div><div><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/banner/Welsh_Gov_banner.png" /></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="large-9 xlarge-9 no_pad columns"> <div id="mod-custom168" class="mod-custom custom"> <div class="row content search_placeholder"> <div class="row"> <div id="search" class="small-12 columns small-for-medium-up no_pad"> <div class="search small-12 columns no_pad"> <gcse:searchbox-only resultsUrl="http://www.dpconline.org/about/cse-results" enableAutoComplete="true"></gcse:searchbox-only> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="row content" data-equalizer> <div class="show-for-medium-down small-12 columns subnav_toggle hide-for-print"> <a class="subnav_trigger" href="javascript:void(0);"> <span class="h3">Also in this section</span> </a> </div> <div class="small-12 columns breadcrumb show-for-medium-up"> <ul itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="inline-list"> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/">Home</a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1"> </li> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/digipres">Digital Preservation</a> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"> </li> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation">Champion Digital Preservation</a> <meta itemprop="position" content="3"> </li> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list">Bit List</a> <meta itemprop="position" content="4"> </li> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> Critically Endangered <meta itemprop="position" content="5"> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div id="system-message-container" aria-live="polite"></div> <div class="blog" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Blog"> <div class="listing"> <h3><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-smartphone-gaming">Smart Phone Gaming</a></h3> <div class="show-for-medium-up"><h1>Smartphone Gaming</h1> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h3> </h3> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/Critically_Endangered_small.jpg" alt="Critically Endangered small" width="250" height="218" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p>Smartphone gaming includes all games that were designed to be played on mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets. It is an example of contemporary digital culture but is often considered less important than other games. Many require community engagement for a game to function, similar to Massively Multiplayer Online (MMO) Gaming.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Digital Species: <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/gaming">Gaming</a>, <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/apps">Apps</a></p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend for 2023:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>Consensus Decision</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Added to List: 2021</p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend for 2024:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Imminence of Action</strong></p> <p>Action is recommended within three years, detailed assessment in one year.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Significance and Impact</strong></p> <p>The loss of tools, data or services within this group would impact on a large group of people and sectors.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Effort to Preserve <strong>| Inevitability</strong><strong></strong></strong></p> <p>It would require a major effort to prevent or reduce losses in this group, including the development of new preservation tools or techniques.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Examples</strong></p> <p>Pokémon GO, Candy Crush, FG/O, Clash of Clans, Angry Birds</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Practically Extinct’ in the Presence of Aggravating Conditions</strong></p> <p>Lack of skills, commitment or policy from corporate owners; uncertainty over IPR or the presence of orphaned works; short term contracts; lack of skills, commitment or policy from corporate owners; rapid churn of OS and updates; shifting business requirements of app resellers; dependence on exotic or obsolete formats or OS processes; loss of underlying code or gaming engine; limited or no commercial interest; dependency on remote servers that are closed; limited recognition of value of game play; over-dependence on goodwill of ad-hoc community.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Endangered’ in the Presence of Good Practice</strong></p> <p>IPR supportive of preservation; strong documentation; version control for code and compiled app; source code; emulation pathway; trusted designated repository or community taking preservation responsibility and capacity to deliver; inclusion by agencies that collect games on other platforms.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2023 Review</strong></p> <p>This was a new entry submitted through the 2021 open nomination process. There are overlaps between this entry and others relating to both Gaming and Smartphone Apps. The 2021 Jury recruited additional expertise for a recommendation on which category it better fits and agreed with the expert recommendation to assign the Gaming category but keep as a separate entry to emphasize that smartphone gaming shares preservation issues with video games that are exacerbated by issues unique to smartphones.</p> <p>The 2023 Council agreed with keeping smartphone gaming as a separate entry but added two new entries to complement this one, Console games and PC games.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2024 Interim Review</strong></p> <p>These risks remain on the same basis as before, with no significant trend towards even greater or reduced risk (‘No change’ to trend).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Additional Comments</strong></p> <p>Smartphone games such as Pokémon GO, etc. have large active communities of players and fandoms. The argument is that in relation to gaming, mobile gaming does not have the same community of support for DP as well as a higher impact given that smartphone games have a wider general audience amongst demographics that may not play PC or Console games due to the increased accessibility of mobile games as well as the more “casual” nature of the games.</p> <p>It is worth noting here that the Emerging Formats project from the British Library (working with the UK legal deposit libraries), is focused on the collection of three format types; eBook mobile apps, web-based interactive narratives and structured data. The enhanced curation method detailed in Florence Smith Nicholls and Giulia Carla Rossi’s report <em>Collecting complex digital publications: testing an enhanced curation method </em>has potential to be applied to the broader topic of smartphone games.</p> <p><em>Case Studies or Examples</em>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Pandey, M. (2024) ‘Kim Kardashian: Hollywood mobile game to shut down’, <em>BBC News</em>. Available at: <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-67843582"></a><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-67843582">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-67843582</a> [accessed 06 September 2024]</p> </li> <li> <p>Smith Nicholls, F. (2023) ‘Collecting complex digital publications: testing an enhanced curation method’,<em> British Library Research Repository.</em> Available at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.23636/kff3-jv09"></a><a href="https://doi.org/10.23636/kff3-jv09">https://doi.org/10.23636/kff3-jv09</a>.</p> </li> <li> <p>British Library (2022), ‘Emerging formats’. Available at: <a href="https://www.bl.uk/projects/emerging-formats"></a><a href="https://www.bl.uk/projects/emerging-formats">https://www.bl.uk/projects/emerging-formats</a> [accessed 24 October 2023].</p> </li> <li> <p>Davison, P. (2021), ‘Game Preservation Society races to save the i-mode library of mobile games’, <em>Rice Digital</em>. Available at: <a href="https://ricedigital.co.uk/saving-the-i-mode-library/"></a><a href="https://ricedigital.co.uk/saving-the-i-mode-library/">https://ricedigital.co.uk/saving-the-i-mode-library/</a> [accessed 24 October 2023].</p> </li> <li> <p>Volsing, K (2014), ‘The Rise and Fall of Flappy Bird and the collecting of the V&A’s first App’<em>, V&A Blog. </em>Available at: <a href="https://www.vam.ac.uk/blog/news/the-rise-and-fall-of-flappy-bird-and-the-collecting-of-the-vas-first-app"></a><a href="https://www.vam.ac.uk/blog/news/the-rise-and-fall-of-flappy-bird-and-the-collecting-of-the-vas-first-app">https://www.vam.ac.uk/blog/news/the-rise-and-fall-of-flappy-bird-and-the-collecting-of-the-vas-first-app</a> [accessed 24 October 2023].</p> </li> <li> <p>There is a Wikipedia entry providing a list of the most played mobile games by player count. <em>See</em> Wikipedia (n.d.) ‘List of most-played mobile games by player count’. Available at: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most-played_mobile_games_by_player_count"></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most-played_mobile_games_by_player_count">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most-played_mobile_games_by_player_count</a> [accessed 24 October 2023].</p> </li> </ul> <p><em>See also:</em></p> <ul> <li> <p>Arneil, C. (2024) <em>International Video Game Preservation Survey Report</em>, National Film and Sound Archive of Australia, Australian Government. Available at: <a href="https://www.nfsa.gov.au/collection/curated/international-video-games-preservation"></a><a href="https://www.nfsa.gov.au/collection/curated/international-video-games-preservation">https://www.nfsa.gov.au/collection/curated/international-video-games-preservation</a> [accessed 22 October 2024]</p> </li> <li> <p>The Videogame Heritage Society, led by the National Videogame Museum, founded in 2022 to bring together organizations and collectors working with videogames. It provides advocacy, expertise, and support in collecting, preserving and displaying video games. <em>See </em>National Video Museum (2020) ‘Videogame Heritage Society’. Available at: <a href="https://thenvm.org/about/vhs/"></a><a href="https://thenvm.org/about/vhs/">https://thenvm.org/about/vhs/</a> [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> <li> <p>The Video Game History Foundation is a 501(c)3 non-profit dedicated to preserving and teaching the history of video games. <em>See </em>Video Game History Foundation (n.d.), ‘Mission’. Available at: <a href="https://gamehistory.org/our-mission/"></a><a href="https://gamehistory.org/our-mission/">https://gamehistory.org/our-mission/</a> [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> <li> <p>The British Film Institute's “Embracing a wider screen culture” strategy notes the cultural significance of video games and states that they intend to embark on sector research, engagement and knowledge exchange (including on the preservation of video games and digital media). <em>See </em>BFI (n.d.) ‘Embracing a wider screen culture’. Available at: <a href="https://blog.bfi.org.uk/long-read/our-ambitions/embracing-a-wider-screen-culture/"></a><a href="https://blog.bfi.org.uk/long-read/our-ambitions/embracing-a-wider-screen-culture/">https://blog.bfi.org.uk/long-read/our-ambitions/embracing-a-wider-screen-culture/</a> [accessed 24 October 2023].</p> </li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-smartphone-gaming" class="button">Read More</a> </div> <div class="listing"> <h3><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-non-current-portable-solid-state-media">Non-current Portable Solid State Media</a></h3> <div class="show-for-medium-up"><h1>Non-current Portable Solid State Media</h1> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/Critically_Endangered_small.jpg" alt="Critically Endangered small" width="250" height="218" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p>Materials saved to flash or other solid-state storage devices where the media is out of warranty and reader devices may no longer be supported or integrated easily into hardware infrastructure: typically, more than five years old.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Digital Species: <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/portable-media">Portable Media </a></p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend in 2023:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>Consensus Decision</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Added to List: 2019</p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend in 2024:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>Previously: Critically Endangered</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Imminence of Action</strong></p> <p>Action is recommended within three years, detailed assessment within one year.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Significance of Loss</strong></p> <p>The loss of tools, data or services within this group would impact on people and sectors around the world.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Effort to Preserve <strong>| Inevitability</strong></strong></p> <p>It would require a major effort to prevent or reduce losses in this group, possibly requiring the development of new preservation tools or techniques.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Examples</strong></p> <p>USB sticks and pen drives; Flash storage in cameras and phones; certain types of portable hard disk.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Practically Extinct’ in the Presence of Aggravating Conditions</strong></p> <p>Poor physical storage; inability to access readers; no replication; encryption; uncertainty over IPR or the presence of orphaned works.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Endangered’ in the Presence of Good Practice</strong></p> <p>Active management; dependable access to readers; strong documentation; documentation independent from the media.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2023 Review</strong></p> <p>This entry was added in 2019 to ensure that the range of media storage is properly assessed and presented. The 2019 Jury noted solid state media – typically flash – provides very fast access to data but can fail without warning. This is because it is typically subject to a limited number of program/erase cycles, as well as ‘read/disturb’ effects. Storage at scale also means the percentage likelihood of failure increases. The 2021 Jury and 2022 Taskforce agreed with the entry’s assigned risk classification with no noted changes towards increased or reduced risk.</p> <p>The 2023 Council agreed with the continued risk classification of <em>Critically Endangered </em>with the overall risks remaining on the same basis as before (‘No change’ to trend). They noted that many libraries, archives and other organizations are using these media as the access copy as well as the preservation copy. The data can be overwritten or lost by mishandling as well as bitrot and degradation. Data should be transferred into a digital preservation system that allows for active management.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2024 Interim Review</strong></p> <p>These risks remain on the same basis as before, with no significant trend towards even greater or reduced risk (‘No change’ to trend).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Additional Comments</strong></p> <p>An additional preservation risk here is that many libraries/archives use this media as the access copy as well as the preservation copy, thus increasing the risk of the data being overwritten, lost by mishandling as well as general bitrot and degradation. To decrease the risk, data should be transferred into a digital preservation system that allows for active management.</p> <p>Early generations of media and cheap giveaways are not robust and can deteriorate significantly over time.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-non-current-portable-solid-state-media" class="button">Read More</a> </div> <div class="listing"> <h3><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-games-offline-components">Games with Offline Play Components</a></h3> <div class="show-for-medium-up"><h1>Games with Offline Play Components</h1> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h3> </h3> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/Critically_Endangered_small.jpg" alt="Critically Endangered small" style="float: left;" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p>This entry is focused on games that can be played offline, often those designed for single player play while in offline mode. This does not exclude games that can be played online or have online interactive components (e.g., Sims 3 can be played online or offline), but rather the focus is on the preservation of offline single player components over the online components.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Digital Species: <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/gaming">Gaming</a></p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend for 2023:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>Consensus Decision</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Added to List: 2019</p> <p>(rescoped 2023)</p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend for 2024:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>Previously: Critically Endangered</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Imminence of Action</strong></p> <p>Action is recommended within three years, detailed assessment in one year.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Significance of Loss</strong></p> <p>The loss of tools, data or services within this group would impact on a large group of people and sectors.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Effort to Preserve <strong>| Inevitability </strong></strong></p> <p>It would require a major effort to prevent or reduce losses in this group, including the development of new preservation tools or techniques.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Examples</strong></p> <p>Sims 3, Planescape: Torment, Hades, The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Practically Extinct’ in the Presence of Aggravating Conditions</strong></p> <p>Lack of skills, commitment or policy from corporate owners; complex hardware dependencies or bespoke hardware; dependence on obsolete, low usage operating systems with no emulation pathway; uncertainty over IPR or the presence of orphaned works; use of older magnetic media; loss of underlying code or gaming engine.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Endangered’ in the Presence of Good Practice</strong></p> <p>Emulation pathway; source code; trusted repository; large user community; IPR supportive of preservation; strong documentation.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2023 Review</strong></p> <p>This entry, alongside the ‘Games with Online Play Components’ entry, was created from rescoping the previous ‘Old or Non-current Video Games’ entry as part of the 2023 Bit List review. It was rescoped to highlight the differences in preserving offline components as opposed to online components in video games, specifically a lack of dependence on servers.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2024 Interim Review</strong></p> <p>The 2024 Council agreed these risks remain on the same basis as before, with no significant trend towards even greater or reduced risk (‘No change’ to trend).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Additional Comments</strong></p> <p>Whilst this has the same risk classification as the Games with Online Play Components entry, the risk could be considered to be slightly lesser due to the lack of reliance on servers as well as examples of games having their online services shut down but players still being able to access the offline game modes/features, such as the case with Nintendo discontinuing online services for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U software in early April 2024 where they explicitly state that “Players will still be able to use features and game modes that do not require online communication”.</p> <p>This entry is also interlinked with the entries covering games played on different hardware (Console games, PC games and smartphone games entries) as the risks can change based on this</p> <p><em>Case Studies or Examples:</em></p> <ul> <li> <p>Nintendo (2023) ‘Announcement of Discontinuation of Online Services for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U Software’. Available at: <a href="https://www.nintendo.co.uk/Support/Nintendo-3DS-2DS/Connecting-to-the-Internet/Announcement-of-Discontinuation-of-Online-Services-for-Nintendo-3DS-and-Wii-U-Software-2455285.html"></a><a href="https://www.nintendo.co.uk/Support/Nintendo-3DS-2DS/Connecting-to-the-Internet/Announcement-of-Discontinuation-of-Online-Services-for-Nintendo-3DS-and-Wii-U-Software-2455285.html">https://www.nintendo.co.uk/Support/Nintendo-3DS-2DS/Connecting-to-the-Internet/Announcement-of-Discontinuation-of-Online-Services-for-Nintendo-3DS-and-Wii-U-Software-2455285.html</a> [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> </ul> <p><em>See also: </em></p> <ul> <li> <p>The Play It Again: Preserving Australian Videogame History of the 1990s (Play It Again 2) project, which builds on the original Play It Again project focused on curating a collection of Australasian games of the 1980s. This second iteration of Play It Again was assembled with the aim of building a collection of significant 1990s Australian videogames for the Australian Centre for the Moving Image (ACMI), preserving these and evaluating relevant emulation platforms, including EaaSI to determine their efficacy for accessing born digital artefacts. <em>See: </em>Play It Again Project (n.d.) ‘About’. Available at: <a href="https://playitagainproject.com/"></a><a href="https://playitagainproject.com/">https://playitagainproject.com/</a>; and (2024) Play It Again: Preserving Australian Videogame History of the 1990s, Digital Preservation Awards 2024. Available at: <a href="https://www.dpconline.org/events/digital-preservation-awards/the-finalists-award-for-research-and-innovation?view=article&id=5286:dpa2024-finalists-ri-play-it-again&catid=100:digital-preservation-awards"></a><a href="https://www.dpconline.org/events/digital-preservation-awards/the-finalists-award-for-research-and-innovation?view=article&id=5286">https://www.dpconline.org/events/digital-preservation-awards/the-finalists-award-for-research-and-innovation?view=article&id=5286</a>:dpa2024-finalists-ri-play-it-again&catid=100:digital-preservation-awards [accessed 06 September 2024]</p> </li> <li> <p>Arneil, C. (2024) <em>International Video Game Preservation Survey Report</em>, National Film and Sound Archive of Australia, Australian Government. Available at: <a href="https://www.nfsa.gov.au/collection/curated/international-video-games-preservation"></a><a href="https://www.nfsa.gov.au/collection/curated/international-video-games-preservation">https://www.nfsa.gov.au/collection/curated/international-video-games-preservation</a> [accessed 22 October 2024]</p> </li> <li> <p>ACMI (2022), ‘Australian cultural institutions unite to collect videogames’. Available at: <a href="https://www.acmi.net.au/about/media/media-releases/australian-cultural-institutions-unite-to-collect-videogames/"></a><a href="https://www.acmi.net.au/about/media/media-releases/australian-cultural-institutions-unite-to-collect-videogames/">https://www.acmi.net.au/about/media/media-releases/australian-cultural-institutions-unite-to-collect-videogames/</a> [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> <li> <p>The Videogame Heritage Society, led by the National Videogame Museum, founded in 2022 to bring together organizations and collectors working with videogames. It provides advocacy, expertise, and support in collecting, preserving and displaying video games. <em>See </em>National Video Museum (2020) ‘Videogame Heritage Society’. Available at: <a href="https://thenvm.org/about/vhs/"></a><a href="https://thenvm.org/about/vhs/">https://thenvm.org/about/vhs/</a> [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> <li> <p>The Video Game History Foundation is a 501(c)3 non-profit dedicated to preserving and teaching the history of video games. <em>See </em>Video Game History Foundation (n.d.), ‘Mission’. Available at: <a href="https://gamehistory.org/our-mission/"></a><a href="https://gamehistory.org/our-mission/">https://gamehistory.org/our-mission/</a> [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> <li> <p>The British Film Institute's “Embracing a wider screen culture” strategy notes the cultural significance of video games and states that they intend to embark on sector research, engagement and knowledge exchange (including on the preservation of video games and digital media). <em>See </em>BFI (n.d.) ‘Embracing a wider screen culture’. Available at: <a href="https://blog.bfi.org.uk/long-read/our-ambitions/embracing-a-wider-screen-culture/"></a><a href="https://blog.bfi.org.uk/long-read/our-ambitions/embracing-a-wider-screen-culture/">https://blog.bfi.org.uk/long-read/our-ambitions/embracing-a-wider-screen-culture/</a> [accessed 24 October 2023].</p> </li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-games-offline-components" class="button">Read More</a> </div> <div class="listing"> <h3><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-non-current-portable-optical-media">Non-current Portable Optical Media</a></h3> <div class="show-for-medium-up"><h1>Non-current Portable Optical Media</h1> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/Critically_Endangered_small.jpg" alt="Critically Endangered small" width="250" height="218" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p>Materials saved to DVDs, CDs or other optical storage devices where the media is out of warranty and reader devices may no longer be supported or integrated easily into hardware infrastructure: typically, more than five years old.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Digital Species: <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/portable-media">Portable Media </a></p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend in 2023:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>Consensus Decision</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Added to List: 2019</p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend in 2024:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>Previously: Critically Endangered</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Imminence of Action</strong></p> <p>Action is recommended within three years, detailed assessment within one year.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Significance of Loss</strong></p> <p>The loss of tools, data or services within this group would impact on people and sectors around the world.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Effort to Preserve <strong>| Inevitability</strong></strong></p> <p>It would require a major effort to prevent or reduce losses in this group, possibly requiring the development of new preservation tools or techniques.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Examples</strong></p> <p>CDs, laserdisc technologies, DVD, HDVD, MiniDisc, Superdisk.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Practically Extinct’ in the Presence of Aggravating Conditions</strong></p> <p>Poor storage; inability to access readers; no replication; encryption; uncertainty over IPR or the presence of orphaned works.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Endangered’ in the Presence of Good Practice</strong></p> <p>Active management; dependable access to readers; strong documentation; documentation independent from the media.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2023 Review</strong></p> <p>This entry was added in 2019 to ensure that the range of media storage is properly assessed and presented. The 2019 Jury noted optical media is, in some senses, a preferred option as it is typically more stable than magnetic or solid state media, but these characteristics have been oversold. The substrates of the disks can prove unstable, and more importantly, the reader technology tends to be proprietary and can become obsolete long before the disks degrade. Storage at scale also means the percentage likelihood of failure increases. The 2021 Jury and 2022 Taskforce agreed with the entry’s assigned risk classification with no noted changes towards increased or reduced risk.</p> <p>The 2023 Council agreed with the risk classification of <em>Critically Endangered</em> with the overall risks remaining on the same basis as before (‘No change’ to trend).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2024 Interim Review</strong></p> <p>The 2024 Council agreed These risks remain on the same basis as before, with no significant trend towards even greater or reduced risk (‘No change’ to trend).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Additional Comments</strong></p> <p>We know what to do; it is the scale of the problem. It is a big scale problem - and in many library catalogues the information about these carriers and their playing requirements do not exist in metadata. Big scale surveys of collections to identify these carriers might be a barrier to starting to tackle this one.</p> <p>Optical media is less and less recoverable as time goes on. The data cannot be actively managed, the readers are starting to go out of style, and the carriers will continue to rapidly degrade. Early generations of this media are not as robust as the current generation and can deteriorate significantly if not stored appropriately. Many optical media that were created by individuals using consumer-grade hardware and software are more vulnerable than media created using commercial-grade production techniques, and often user error makes the data unreadable before bitrot and other degradation is able to begin. The presence of adhesive labels can be a big warning sign of this type of vulnerability.</p> <p><em>Case Studies or Examples</em>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>The British Library's Flashback project, a proof-of-concept that explored the practical challenges of preserving digital content stored on physical media (magnetic and optical disks) using a sample of content from hybrid collection items dating from between 1980 and 2010. <em>See </em>Pennock, M., May, P., Day, M., Davies, K. and Whibley, S. (2016) ‘The Flashback Project: Rescuing disk-based content from the 1980s to the present day’, <em>11th International Digital Curation Conference, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 22-25 February.</em> Available at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1321630"></a><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1321630">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1321630</a></p> </li> <li> <p>The Library of Congress’s CD-R and DVD-R RW Longevity Research project page provides summarized outcomes and findings from several different complementary studies undertaken or are continuing. Library of Congress (n.d.) ‘CD-R and DVD-R RW Longevity Research’. Available at: <a href="https://www.loc.gov/preservation/scientists/projects/cd-r_dvd-r_rw_longevity.html"></a><a href="https://www.loc.gov/preservation/scientists/projects/cd-r_dvd-r_rw_longevity.html">https://www.loc.gov/preservation/scientists/projects/cd-r_dvd-r_rw_longevity.html</a> [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> <li> <p>The Preserving Write-Once DVDs: Producing Disc Images, Extracting Content, and Addressing Flaws and Errors analytic report by George Blood Audio Video Film (GBAVF) in which, The report was one product of a contract with the company, in which they converted a set of write-once DVDs for the Library of Congress. The report describes the issues encountered and provides some detail about methods for carrying out the work,, offering an overview of the range and extent of the issues, as well as describing the corrective tools and processes that were used. <em>See </em>George Blood Audio Video Film. (2014) ‘Preserving Write-Once DVDs: Producing Disc Images, Extracting Content, and Addressing Flaws and Errors, Final Draft Report’. Available at <a href="https://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/audio-visual/documents/Preserve_DVDs_BloodReport_20140901.pdf"></a><a href="https://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/audio-visual/documents/Preserve_DVDs_BloodReport_20140901.pdf">https://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/audio-visual/documents/Preserve_DVDs_BloodReport_20140901.pdf</a> [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> </ul> <p><em>See also:</em></p> <ul> <li> <p>O’Leary, K. (2021) ‘Planning ahead for DVD-Video migration research’, <em>Digital Preservation Coalition Blog</em>. Available at: <a href="https://www.dpconline.org/blog/wdpd/wdpd2019-dvd-video-migration-research"></a><a href="https://www.dpconline.org/blog/wdpd/wdpd2019-dvd-video-migration-research">https://www.dpconline.org/blog/wdpd/wdpd2019-dvd-video-migration-research</a>. [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> <li> <p>Iraci, J. (2019) ‘Longevity of Recordable CDs, DVDs and Blu-rays, Canadian Conservation Institute (CCI) Notes, 19/1’. Available at: <a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/conservation-institute/services/conservation-preservation-publications/canadian-conservation-institute-notes/longevity-recordable-cds-dvds.html"></a><a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/conservation-institute/services/conservation-preservation-publications/canadian-conservation-institute-notes/longevity-recordable-cds-dvds.html">https://www.canada.ca/en/conservation-institute/services/conservation-preservation-publications/canadian-conservation-institute-notes/longevity-recordable-cds-dvds.html</a> [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> <li> <p>Baker, M. (2017) ‘Disks back from the dead’, <em>Nature, 545, p.117–118</em>. Available at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/545117a"></a><a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/545117a">https://doi.org/10.1038/545117a</a>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Kirn, P. (2017) ‘The first generation of CDs is already rotting and dying’, <em>CDM Stories</em>. Available at <a href="https://cdm.link/2017/02/a-generation-of-cds-is-already-rotting-and-dying/"></a><a href="https://cdm.link/2017/02/a-generation-of-cds-is-already-rotting-and-dying/">https://cdm.link/2017/02/a-generation-of-cds-is-already-rotting-and-dying/</a> [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-non-current-portable-optical-media" class="button">Read More</a> </div> <div class="listing"> <h3><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-non-current-portable-magnetic-media">Non-current Portable Magnetic Media</a></h3> <div class="show-for-medium-up"><h1>Non-current Portable Magnetic Media</h1> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/Critically_Endangered_small.jpg" alt="Critically Endangered small" width="250" height="218" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p>Materials saved to floppy disks, tape, portable hard disks or other numerous magnetic storage devices where the media is out of warranty and reader devices may no longer be supported or integrated easily into hardware infrastructure: typically, more than five years old.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Digital Species: <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/portable-media">Portable Media </a></p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend in 2023:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>Consensus Decision</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Added to List: 2019</p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend in 2024:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>Previously: Critically Endangered</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Imminence of Action</strong></p> <p>Action is recommended within three years, detailed assessment within one year.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Significance of Loss</strong></p> <p>The loss of tools, data or services within this group would impact on people and sectors around the world.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Effort to Preserve <strong>| Inevitability</strong></strong></p> <p>It would require a major effort to prevent or reduce losses in this group, possibly requiring the development of new preservation tools or techniques.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Examples</strong></p> <p>Floppy disks; tape; certain kinds of portable hard disks, zip drives.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Practically Extinct’ in the Presence of Aggravating Conditions</strong></p> <p>Poor storage; inability to access readers; no replication; encryption; aggressive compression; uncertainty over IPR or the presence of orphaned works.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Endangered’ in the Presence of Good Practice</strong></p> <p>Active management; dependable access to readers; strong documentation; documentation independent from the media.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2023 Review</strong></p> <p>The 2019 Jury introduced this entry to ensure that the range of media storage is properly assessed and presented. Portable magnetic media is ubiquitous but is fragile not just to physical wear and tear but also to magnetic interference and bit-rot. The substrates of the disks can prove unstable, and in some cases, proprietary reader technology means that the disk becomes obsolete before it degrades. Storage at scale also means the percentage likelihood of failure increases. The 2021 Jury and 2022 Taskforce agreed with the entry’s assigned risk classification with no noted trend towards increased or reduced risk.</p> <p>The 2023 Council agreed with the risk classification of <em>Critically Endangered</em> with the overall risks remaining on the same basis as before (‘No change’ to trend). Additionally, a new entry ‘Non-current Rare Portable Magnetic Media’ was created as a split, related standalone entry to highlight the increased risk.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2024 Interim Review</strong></p> <p>The 2024 Council agreed These risks remain on the same basis as before, with no significant trend towards even greater or reduced risk (‘No change’ to trend).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Additional Comments</strong></p> <p>There is no ‘active management’ of data found on these media items. The data should be copied off of the media and into a digital preservation system that allows for active management. Data found on these media should be considered a backup, at best.</p> <p>We know what to do with this type of material, it is the scale that makes it a problem.</p> <p>There is really no excuse for using floppy disks for storage these days. Tape is a different proposition since it allows high-density back up offline and nearline. But there are challenges with the backward compatibility of popular and even relatively recent LTO versions.</p> <p><em>Case Studies or Examples</em>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>The Magnetic Tape Alert Project, Information for All Programme (IFAP) of UNESCO, in cooperation with IASA, the International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives, to alert stakeholders of the imminent threat of losing access to their audiovisual documents. The project included a survey of existing audiovisual documents on magnetic tape not yet digitally preserved. <em>See </em>Pace, A. (2020) ‘Magnetic Tape Alert Project Report’, <em>IASA & UNESCO Information for All Programme</em>. Available at: <a href="https://www.iasa-web.org/magnetic-tape-alert-project"></a><a href="https://www.iasa-web.org/magnetic-tape-alert-project">https://www.iasa-web.org/magnetic-tape-alert-project</a> [accessed 24 October 2023] and UNESCO (2019), ‘The Magnetic Tape Alert Project is a step to save audio-visual archives’. Available at: <a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/magnetic-tape-alert-project-step-save-audio-visual-archives"></a><a href="https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/magnetic-tape-alert-project-step-save-audio-visual-archives">https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/magnetic-tape-alert-project-step-save-audio-visual-archives</a>. [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> <li> <p>de Vries, D. (2016,) ‘8″ Disk Recovery: Kryoflux and Catweasel’, <em>OPF Blog</em>. Available at: <a href="https://openpreservation.org/blogs/8-disk-recovery-kryoflux-and-catweasel/"></a><a href="https://openpreservation.org/blogs/8-disk-recovery-kryoflux-and-catweasel/">https://openpreservation.org/blogs/8-disk-recovery-kryoflux-and-catweasel/</a> [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> <li> <p>The British Library's Flashback Project, a proof-of-concept that explored the practical challenges of preserving digital content stored on physical media (magnetic and optical disks) using a sample of content from hybrid collection items dating from between 1980 and 2010. <em>See </em>Pennock, M., May, P., Day, M., Davies, K. and Whibley, S. (2016) ‘The Flashback Project: Rescuing disk-based content from the 1980s to the present day’, <em>11th International Digital Curation Conference, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 22-25 February.</em> Available at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1321630"></a><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1321630">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1321630</a></p> </li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-non-current-portable-magnetic-media" class="button">Read More</a> </div> <div class="listing"> <h3><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-personal-records">Family or Personal Records</a></h3> <div class="show-for-medium-up"><h1>Family or Personal Records</h1> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/Critically_Endangered_small.jpg" alt="Critically Endangered small" width="250" height="218" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p>Digital content and communications generated for personal consumption in a domestic setting. These records are highly valuable to family members and those interested in genealogy. They can also have wider historical/research significance to collecting institutions.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Digital Species: <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/personal-archives">Personal Archives</a></p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend in 2023:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>Consensus Decision</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Added to List: 2017</p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend in 2024:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>Previously: Critically Endangered</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Imminence of Action</strong></p> <p>Action is recommended within five years, detailed assessment within three years.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Significance of Loss</strong></p> <p>The loss of data, tools or services within this group would have a localized impact.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Effort to Preserve <strong>| Inevitability</strong></strong></p> <p>Loss seems likely: by the time tools or techniques have been developed the material will likely have been lost.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Examples</strong></p> <p>Childhood photographs and videos; School or graduation photos; wedding photos and movies; electronic correspondence (email, messenger, WhatsApp).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Practically Extinct’ in the Presence of Aggravating Conditions</strong></p> <p>Storage on portable media or poor storage; dependence on devices or processes; dependence on obsolete or proprietary formats; storage media out of warranty; single copies; inappropriate dependence on service provider; inappropriate encryption or password protection; lack of awareness or planning; loss or lack of documentation; over-abundance; inability to act in a timely manner; confusion over intellectual property; lack of digital literacy; uncertainty over IPR or the presence of orphaned works.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Endangered’ in the Presence of Good Practice</strong></p> <p>Replication; action in a timely manner; open formats; selection and appraisal; archival agency; education of digital preservation.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2023 Review</strong></p> <p>This was introduced to the Bit List in 2017. Although research and advice on the preservation of personal records have been available for some time, outreach and training have not reached the audience, and there has been no material improvement in the risks faced by this category since 2017. It is reasonable to assume that the number of digital objects in this category has increased; thus, the consequences of loss have expanded but the 2021 Jury determined there had been no significant trend towards greater risk; content is being lost all the time despite digital materials that can easily be preserved with tools not widely available outside of institutions. Therefore, this is a public awareness campaign issue, and more tools need to be made easily available for people to be able to better preserve their own digital content.</p> <p>The 2023 Council agreed with the <em>Critically Endangered </em>classification but noted that the definition for this entry did not mention the potential wider historical/research significance of some personal archives to collecting institutions and recommended rescoping the entry to make this clearer.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2024 Interim Review</strong></p> <p>These risks remain on the same basis as before, with no significant trend towards even greater or reduced risk (‘No change’ to trend).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Additional Comments</strong></p> <p>Personal papers can provide insight into the lived experience of a wider range of people - archives of ‘everyday’ people are invaluable to social historians and personal archives of people with national/international significance complement institutional/public records.</p> <p>There is a strong overlap with community archives, except noting that responsibility is even more localized. There is room breaking the entry down further into a series of components to represent the complexity more effectively and present a more nuanced action plan.</p> <p>This matter needs awareness-raising. Education is needed, such as digital preservation as a survival skill for teenagers. Also, simple and cheap tools or pathways to preservation are needed.</p> <p>Education to the public is critical for advocacy - these are the societal records of the future! Though having said that, what has survived in hardcopy has largely been through luck, and the same thing I think will be the same for digital. The same issues exist with glass plate negatives, photographs and certain emulsions and even printed digital photographs, brittle paper, fading ink etc.</p> <p><em>Case Studies or Examples:</em></p> <ul> <li> <p>Such materials are increasingly moved into the cloud and the Google Photos case provides a good example. <em>See</em> Monckton, P. (2023), ‘Last Chance To Download Your Photos: Google’s Album Archive Will Be Deleted Tomorrow’, <em>Forbes</em>. Available at: <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/paulmonckton/2023/07/17/google-warning-album-archive-will-be-canceled-in-two-days-download-your-photos-now/"></a><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/paulmonckton/2023/07/17/google-warning-album-archive-will-be-canceled-in-two-days-download-your-photos-now/">https://www.forbes.com/sites/paulmonckton/2023/07/17/google-warning-album-archive-will-be-canceled-in-two-days-download-your-photos-now/</a> [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> </ul> <p><em>See also:</em></p> <ul> <li> <p>Hill, K. (2022) ‘Your Memories. Their Cloud’. <em>New York Times</em>. Available at: <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/31/technology/cloud-data-storage-google-apple-meta.html"></a><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/31/technology/cloud-data-storage-google-apple-meta.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/31/technology/cloud-data-storage-google-apple-meta.html</a> [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-personal-records" class="button">Read More</a> </div> <div class="listing"> <h3><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-correspondence-and-research-records">Correspondence and Records of Research</a></h3> <div class="show-for-medium-up"><h1>Correspondence and Informal Records of Research</h1> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/Critically_Endangered_small.jpg" alt="Critically Endangered small" width="250" height="218" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p>Correspondence and other records which describe the configuration and delivery of research, but which are ancillary to the core research outputs, including reviews, drafts and correspondence between researchers.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Digital Species: <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/research-outputs">Research Outputs</a></p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend in 2023:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>Consensus Decision</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Added to List: 2019</p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend in 2024:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>Previously: Critically Endangered</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Imminence of Action</strong></p> <p>Action is recommended within three years, and detailed assessment within one year.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Significance of Loss</strong></p> <p>The loss of tools, data or services within this group would impact on many people and sectors.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Effort to Preserve <strong>| Inevitability</strong></strong></p> <p>Loss seems likely. By the time tools or techniques have been developed, the material will likely have been lost.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Examples</strong></p> <p>Email boxes of senior academics; social media posts; personal spaces on institutional networks.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Practically Extinct’ in the Presence of Aggravating Conditions</strong></p> <p>Originating researcher no longer active or changed research focus; staff on temporary contracts; dependence on single student or staff member; weak or fluid institutional commitment to subject matter; weak institutional commitment to data sharing; uncertainty over IPR or the presence of orphaned works; encryption.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Endangered’ in the Presence of Good Practice</strong></p> <p>Recognition of value of correspondence; integration with CRIS; routine use of EDRMS; documented and managed professionally; separation of personal and corporate identities.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2023 Review</strong></p> <p>This entry was introduced in 2017 under ‘Research Data,’ though without specific reference to the correspondence and records of research. In 2019, the Jury split this entry into a range of contexts for research outputs. There was a 2020 trend towards greater risk based on education and research institutions facing budget uncertainties. A number of institutions introduced early severance schemes or put staff on short-term contracts at greater risk of redundancy. While this puts other types of research output at risk, the personal nature of correspondence means that the risks are intensified, and so this entry faced greater risks than those identified in 2019. The 2020 and 2021 Juries, as well as the 2022 Taskforce, agreed there had been no significant change in the trend over the preceding years with risks remaining on the same basis as before (‘No change’ to trend).</p> <p>The 2023 Council similarly agreed with the <em>Critically Endangered</em> risk classification with risks on the same basis as before (‘No change’ to trend).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2024 Interim Review</strong></p> <p>These risks remain on the same basis as before, with no significant trend towards even greater or reduced risk (‘No change’ to trend).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Additional Comments</strong></p> <p>In an ideal circumstance, correspondence should be stored in EDRMS systems separately from research data and subject to different retention schedules, i.e., 10-20 years. There may be challenges connecting the EDRMs holdings to the research data and vice versa.</p> <p>Advocacy and research in regards to the scale of the problem may be required to encourage academics to use EDRMs, for example, correspondence and integration with CRIS. Simplified tools and workflows to move data from CRIS to Repository to Preservation systems</p> <p>There are significant cultural issues to preserving these materials. Researchers may be unlikely to see the value in correspondence and other documents; these may be seen as ephemeral. There is also a risk to the preservation of correspondence through channels outside of the university email that may be harder to capture and preserve, such as Teams or WhatsApp. There should also be an encouragement to researchers to keep only what is needed and only for so long as the retention period requires. More often than not, records of correspondence will not require long-term preservation.</p> <p>Research project management records may have funding agency retention periods varying from 3 years to 10 years after the completion of the project for standard projects, to 20 years for more innovative projects, stretching to permanent retention to first-of-a-kind research. Advocating researchers to identify which group their records belong to, let alone get them to transfer different types of correspondence to a platform which has retention and preservation capability as part of it, is a massive task.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-correspondence-and-research-records" class="button">Read More</a> </div> <div class="listing"> <h3><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-community-generated-content">Community Generated Content in Arts and Heritage</a></h3> <div class="show-for-medium-up"><h1>Community-generated Content in Arts and Heritage</h1> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/Critically_Endangered_small.jpg" alt="Critically Endangered small" width="250" height="218" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p>Digital materials produced and shared in and by ad-hoc community art and heritage projects, typically through digitization, where the creation of digital materials was a significant purpose of the initiative.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Digital Species: <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/community-archives">Community Archives</a></p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend in 2023:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>Consensus Decision</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Added to List: 2019</p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend in 2024:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>Previously: Critically Endangered</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Imminence of Action</strong></p> <p>Action is recommended within twelve months. Detailed assessment is a priority.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Significance of Loss</strong></p> <p>The loss of tools, data or services within this group would impact on people and sectors around the world.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Effort to Preserve <strong>| Inevitability</strong></strong></p> <p>Loss seems likely. By the time tools or techniques have been developed, the material will likely have been lost.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Examples</strong></p> <p>Locally organized programmes associated with public remembrance and celebration such as World War One centennial commemorations; Holocaust commemorations; City of Culture; Olympic Games; World Cup.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Practically Extinct’ in the Presence of Aggravating Conditions</strong></p> <p>Poor documentation; lack of replication; lack of continuity funding; lack of residual mechanism. dependence on a small number of volunteers, lack of preservation mandate; lack of preservation thinking at the outset; failure of digital legacy planning; conflation of backup with preservation; conflation of access and preservation; inaccessible to web archiving; lack of knowledge or application of standards to ensure good quality preservation actions; lack of internet access; distrust of ‘official’ archives; uncertainty over IPR or the presence of orphaned works.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Endangered’ in the Presence of Good Practice</strong></p> <p>Residual archive with residual funding able to receive and support collections; strict adherence to digitization guidelines; quality assurance; active user community; intellectual property managed to enable preservation.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2023 Review</strong></p> <p>This entry was added in 2019 as a subset of ‘Community Archives and Community-Generated Content’ which was split into two entries to provide greater specificity in recommendations. The 2020 Jury noted a trend towards greater risk based on how community art and heritage groups, which often rely on volunteer effort, had been unable to meet for extended periods in 2020. Moreover, the local galleries, museums and arts centres on which they depend had closed, in some cases for good. The 2021 Jury review agreed with this assessment with the overall risks remaining on the same basis as before (‘No change’ to 2021 trend). The 2021 Jury commented that risks have not increased as so much as the challenges have remained, specifically those of funding and sustainability. Community-generated materials are often produced and shared through funded projects and tell a similar story of loss through inaction, but the challenge is the same as before; sustainability with project-based funding. There should be greater responsibility of funding bodies to ensure that digital preservation is built into any funded community preservation project plan and outcome. Digital content in this context is often seen as a by-product of engagement and is annoyingly left to disappear by organizations that do not have digital preservation experience or infrastructure. With good governance and sustainable digital repository support, this should not be an issue.</p> <p>The 2023 Council agreed with the <em>Critically Endangered</em> classification, with the overall risks remaining on the same basis as before (‘No change’ to the 2023 trend). However, they noted there was a higher significance of loss as well as a higher inevitability of loss, and from these also a greater imminence of action needed to assess, prioritize, and develop tools and techniques for reducing future loss of materials.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2024 Interim Review</strong></p> <p>These risks remain on the same basis as before, with no significant trend towards even greater or reduced risk (‘No change’ to trend).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Additional Comments</strong></p> <p>Local archives address these collections on an ad hoc basis. Loss seems likely due to the precarity of the funding streams, or lack thereof, for these projects. Once digitization has been carried out, many projects do not know what to do with them or have the means to make them accessible, and a lack of understanding of copyright is a barrier to sharing as well. Funding paths that enable digitization may not include planning for long-term storage and access. This often tends to be the case in local archives, where a higher imminence of action is critical to assess and address these issues before content is lost.</p> <p>Communities who live in rural and remote areas may have a lack of access to services such as broadband connectivity, which is a well-reported issue and is often referred to as the “digital divide”. Inadequate internet connectivity would diminish the capacity for these communities to access digital preservation solutions, such as cloud storage for digital assets. This is especially prevalent with personal photos and videos on mobile phones as possession of a mobile phone does not necessarily mean the user has adequate internet connectivity to be able to upload videos to web-based platforms.</p> <p>There may also be a distrust of ‘official’ archives and government agencies due to the need for culturally appropriate handling of restricted/sensitive content. If the photographs, videos or audio depict culturally sensitive elements (e.g., sacred sites, ceremonies or secret Dreaming stories), the communities may want to uphold strict practices of restrictions (<em>see also</em> the ‘First Nations Secret/Sacred Cultural Material’ entry). There are instances where ‘official’ archives have changed their workflows and processes to accommodate the cultural wishes of particular First Nation communities, especially for secret/sacred content but these practices are not yet common-place. A detailed look into the preservation issues of secret/sacred content can be found in the New First Nations Secret/Sacred Cultural Material entry.</p> <p><em>Case Studies or Examples</em>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>The Alfred Landecker Foundation’s Landecker Digital Memory Lab: Connective Holocaust Commemoration project with mission of exploring how Holocaust museums, memorial sites and archives can make better use of digital technologies to ensure the Holocaust continues to be commemorated long into the future: “Memorial sites, museums, and archives are increasingly working with digital media, yet there's a notable gap in digital literacy, capabilities, and use of synergies. To fill this gap, the Alfred Landecker Foundation is supporting the University of Sussex in the establishment of the Landecker Digital Memory Lab. The new lab will be led by Dr. Victoria Grace Walden and enhance interdisciplinary and inter-sector dialogue about digital Holocaust memory. The Lab’s team will also develop a ‘living database,’ an accumulative collection of projects and experiences in the field, offering Holocaust memory and education institutions valuable insights from historical digital practices. The aim is to inspire not only productive academic thought but also new practical initiatives.” Available at: <a href="https://www.alfredlandecker.org/en/projects/landecker-digital-memory-lab"></a><a href="https://www.alfredlandecker.org/en/projects/landecker-digital-memory-lab#">https://www.alfredlandecker.org/en/projects/landecker-digital-memory-lab#</a> [accessed 07 July 2024]</p> </li> <li> <p>The PARADISEC Pacific and Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures project to digitize analog records of materials from endangered cultures from all over the world. This includes audio recordings and video recordings of performance, narrative, singing, and other oral tradition, amounting to over 207 terabytes and representing 1,370 languages, mainly from the Pacific region. <em>See </em>PARADISEC (n.d.) ‘Pacific and Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures’. Available at: <a href="https://www.paradisec.org.au/"></a><a href="https://www.paradisec.org.au/">https://www.paradisec.org.au/</a> [accessed 24 October 2023].</p> </li> <li> <p>The State Library New South Wales ‘Reconnecting collections to communities’ Mukurtu implementation, in which the Indigenous Engagement team works to make available the Library’s Aboriginal Historical and Indigenous Languages collections to communities on Country and online. <em>See </em>State Library New South Wales (2022) ‘Reconnecting collections to communities’. Available at: <a href="https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/about-library/services/indigenous-engagement/reconnecting-collections-communities"></a><a href="https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/about-library/services/indigenous-engagement/reconnecting-collections-communities">https://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/about-library/services/indigenous-engagement/reconnecting-collections-communities</a> [accessed 24 October 2023].</p> </li> <li> <p>The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Data Archive (ATSIDA) is a specialized trusted research data management facility for Australian Indigenous research data and is managed by the University of Technology Sydney (UTS) Library. ATSIDA is a thematic archive within the Australia Data Archive (ADA) with its datasets stored securely at the Australian National University's National Computational Infrastructure (NCI). <em>See </em>ATSDISA (n.d.). Available at: <a href="https://www.atsida.edu.au/"></a><a href="https://www.atsida.edu.au/">https://www.atsida.edu.au/</a> [accessed 24 October 2023].</p> </li> </ul> <p><em>See also:</em></p> <ul> <li> <p>A new preservation toolkit resource, ‘Digital Preservation for Community Archives’<em>,</em> will be released for World Digital Preservation Day on 7 November 2024. The preservation toolkit has been created alongside the University of Glasgow as part of the Our Heritage, Our Stories (OHOS) project, and has been developed in collaboration with a range of community archives. It will include a range of practical guidance, support, and advice to those working with digital records in the community context. <em>See: </em><a href="https://ohos.ac.uk/"></a><a href="https://ohos.ac.uk/">https://ohos.ac.uk/</a>.</p> </li> <li> <p>Sentance, N. and University of Sydney Library (2021) ‘Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cultural Protocols’, <em>University of Sydney Library</em>. Available at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.25910/hrdq-9n85"></a><a href="https://doi.org/10.25910/hrdq-9n85">https://doi.org/10.25910/hrdq-9n85</a></p> </li> <li> <p>Digital inequality is recognized as one of the targets in the National Agreement on Closing the Gap, the objective of which is to “enable Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and governments to work together to overcome the inequality experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, and achieve life outcomes equal to all Australians.”. Target 17 states that “By 2026, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have equal levels of digital inclusion”. <em>See </em>Closing the Gap (n.d.) ‘Closing the Gap Targets and Outcomes’. Available at: <a href="https://www.closingthegap.gov.au/national-agreement/targets"></a><a href="https://www.closingthegap.gov.au/national-agreement/targets">https://www.closingthegap.gov.au/national-agreement/targets</a> [accessed 24 October 2023].</p> </li> <li> <p>The “digital divide” in Australia has an impact on digital preservation of content generated by communities living in remote areas. <em>See </em>Parke, E. (2022) ‘Australia's digital divide means 2.8 million people remain 'highly excluded' from internet access’, <em>ABC</em>. Available at: <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-10-16/australia-digital-divide-millions-cannot-access-internet/101498042"></a><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-10-16/australia-digital-divide-millions-cannot-access-internet/101498042">https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-10-16/australia-digital-divide-millions-cannot-access-internet/101498042</a> [accessed 24 October 2023] and Al Khawaldeh, K. (2022) ‘‘Digital divide’: report finds some Australian rural mobile data speeds 90% slower than urban’, <em>The Guardian</em>. Available at: <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/dec/13/digital-divide-report-finds-some-australian-rural-mobile-data-speeds-90-slower-than-urban"></a><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/dec/13/digital-divide-report-finds-some-australian-rural-mobile-data-speeds-90-slower-than-urban">https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2022/dec/13/digital-divide-report-finds-some-australian-rural-mobile-data-speeds-90-slower-than-urban</a> [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-community-generated-content" class="button">Read More</a> </div> <div class="listing"> <h3><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-music-production">Digital Archives of Music Production</a></h3> <div class="show-for-medium-up"><h1>Digital Archives of Music Production</h1> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/Critically_Endangered_small.jpg" alt="Critically Endangered small" width="250" height="218" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p>Digital materials created by musicians and fans as a by-product of performance or recording, not otherwise published or shared. The use of ‘archives’ in this context refers to music production data that is in an archive.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Digital Species: <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/sound-and-vision">Sound and Vision</a></p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend in 2023:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>Consensus Decision</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Added to List: 2019</p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend in 2024:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>Previously: Critically Endangered</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Imminence of Action</strong></p> <p>Action is recommended within twelve months, detailed assessment is a priority.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Significance of Loss</strong></p> <p>The loss of tools, data or services within this group would impact on people and sectors around the world.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Effort to Preserve <strong>| Inevitability</strong></strong></p> <p>It would require a major effort to prevent losses in this group, such as the development of new preservation tools or techniques.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Examples</strong></p> <p>Pre-production notes; demo recordings; photography; correspondence.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Practically Extinct’ in the Presence of Aggravating Conditions</strong></p> <p>Fragile or obsolete media for offline content; service provider preservation capability for online content; dependence on proprietary formats or products; lack or loss of documentation; Uncertainty over IPR or the presence of orphaned works; lack of version control; lack of policy or mandate.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Endangered’ in the Presence of Good Practice</strong></p> <p>Replication; clarity of intellectual property rights; preservation agency involved and capable of looking after content.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2023 Review</strong></p> <p>In 2019, this entry was created as a subset of a previous 2017 entry, ‘Digital Music Production and Sharing,’ which was split to draw attention to the different challenges faced by the different forms. Although it overlaps with other entries, including ‘Pre-production TV and Movie materials,’ it is a separate entry to emphasize the value of the archival materials relating to the recording process over and above the recordings themselves. The 2020 and 2021 Juries, as well as the 2022 Taskforce, agreed with the entry’s assigned risk classification, with risks remaining on the same basis as before (no change to the trend).</p> <p>The 2023 Council also agreed with the <em>Critically Endangered classification, </em>with overall risks remaining on the same basis as before (‘No change’ to trend), though they noted that action needed to be taken more imminently.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2024 Interim Review</strong></p> <p>These risks remain on the same basis as before, with no significant trend towards even greater or reduced risk (‘No change’ to trend).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Additional Comments</strong></p> <p>For the imminence of action, it will all depend on the format of the records. Correspondence or photographs may be left for longer, but recordings will need closer attention, especially if it is a bespoke recording format.</p> <p>This may be less of a digital preservation challenge and more of an archive or collecting challenge. This type of material in the past, like most 'unpublished' archives, has survived through luck and is largely out of a GLAM or institution’s control relying on individuals to assess and evaluate if what they have is of significance. When these types of things come to an institution, based on significance on a case-by-case basis, are these digital objects then considered 'worth' the effort to a) bring into the collection and b) care and preserve them? So yes, while <em>Critically Endangered</em>, these types of collections are enormous and quite often not things one would want to keep for the long term; however, sometimes there is the odd gem.</p> <p>There is the recognized inevitable loss of existing data but reducing this loss would require major effort to fix in terms of identifying organizations who are preserving this content, and it is not clear that this is being done already.</p> <p><em>See also:</em></p> <ul> <li> <p>Purdy, K. (2024) ‘Music industry’s 1990s hard drives, like all HDDs, are dying’, <em>Ars Technica. </em>Available at: <a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/09/music-industrys-1990s-hard-drives-like-all-hdds-are-dying/"></a><a href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/09/music-industrys-1990s-hard-drives-like-all-hdds-are-dying/">https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/09/music-industrys-1990s-hard-drives-like-all-hdds-are-dying/</a> [accessed 13 September 2024].</p> </li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-music-production" class="button">Read More</a> </div> <div class="listing"> <h3><a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-public-enquiries-and-commissions">Digital Archives from Public Enquiries and Commissions</a></h3> <div class="show-for-medium-up"><h1>Digital Archives from Public Enquiries and Commissions</h1> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/Critically_Endangered_small.jpg" alt="Critically Endangered small" width="250" height="218" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p>Data from public enquiries and reconciliation commissions which can be traumatic, politically uncomfortable and contested, typically comes in many different forms and formats. Data protection issues and cultural sensitivities only amplify the challenge to preservations.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Digital Species: <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/political-data">Political Data</a>, <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/legal-data">Legal Data </a></p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend in 2023:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>Consensus Decision</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p>Added to List: 2017</p> </td> <td class="alert-warning"> <p><strong>Trend in 2024:</strong></p> <p><strong><img src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/images/DPC/Our_work/BitList/2022/No_change.png" width="25" height="25" alt="No change" /> No Change</strong></p> </td> <td> <p>Previously: Critically Endangered</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Imminence of Action</strong></p> <p>Action is recommended within twelve months, detailed assessment is a priority.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Significance of Loss</strong></p> <p>The loss of tools, data or services within this group would impact on people and sectors around the world.</p> </td> <td> <p><strong>Effort to Preserve <strong>| Inevitability</strong></strong></p> <p>Loss seems likely. By the time tools or techniques have been developed, the material will likely have been lost.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Examples</strong></p> <p>The Tunisian Truth and Dignity Commission to investigate human rights violations committed prior to 2012; enquiries into historical child abuse; Bloody Sunday Enquiry (Saville Inquiry); East Timor Tribunal.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Practically Extinct’ in the Presence of Aggravating Conditions</strong></p> <p>Risk of falsification; fragile or obsolete media; dependence on proprietary formats or products; lack or loss of documentation; inaccessible to web harvesting technologies; lack of version control; lack of integrity checks or integrity records; poor chain of custody; inability to identify an archival authority; loss of personal testimonies; Uncertainty over IPR or the presence of orphaned works.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>‘Endangered’ in the Presence of Good Practice</strong></p> <p>Strong sense of archival responsibility; carefully constructed rules around information privacy that retain robust and appropriate preservation capabilities; clear legislation on retention and permanency, an appraisal of perceived value with resources to undertake preservation actions.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2023 Review</strong></p> <p>In 2019, this entry became a subset of an entry introduced in 2017 for ‘Digital Legal Records and Evidence,’ which was split into four more discrete entries. This category includes evidence from public enquiries and commissions that have been presented in court. It recognizes that courts are not limited in the types of evidence that they can admit but that they have a responsibility to provide robust preservation that ensures the authenticity of their records and evidence.</p> <p>The 2021 Jury noted that there is considerable evidence of good practice emerging from some of the examples where clear archival responsibility has been the key to progress but not to the extent of changing the risk profile or 2021 trend for the entry.</p> <p>The 2023 Council agreed with the <em>Critically Endangered </em>classification with overall risks remaining on the same basis as before (‘No change’ to trend), while also noting that personal testimonies are particularly vulnerable, thus highlighting the importance of independent archives and advocacy for preserving these records.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>2024 Interim Review</strong></p> <p>These risks remain on the same basis as before, with no significant trend towards even greater or reduced risk (‘No change’ to trend).</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"> <p><strong>Additional Comments</strong></p> <p>National or state recordkeeping regimes and legislation are often clear on the retention or permanency of these types of records. A major issue, however, is embargoes. When an embargo is lifted, will the file format or database continue to work, or will it longer work, making the data useless?</p> <p>Case files and correspondence are one thing. Retention of these should be clear but may differ widely between jurisdictions and levels of government. If retention is not long-term or permanent, the risk of loss may not be so critical. Retention of 'unused' or 'potential' evidence is likely a different matter altogether. It may not even be considered a record, and certainly is not a record of the court. Should it be returned to the suspect or accused? Are their rights being considered here - not just in terms of preservation, but also simply disposition? There are legal and ethical issues around this that need to be fleshed out in conjunction with assessing its preservation risk.</p> <p>Personal testimonies provided to commissions of inquiry but are not used as part of its legal investigations are in a particularly vulnerable state. The recent Mother and Baby Homes commission in Ireland collected a number of personal testimonies from survivors, but these were not used to inform the commission's final report as they were not presented to the commission's legal hearing iteration. After the commission's report, it announced that it intended to destroy these testimonies, and refused to allow survivors to access transcripts or recordings of their own testimony. A public outcry halted this planned destruction, but access to their testimonies is still difficult for survivors. Independent archives can provide a crucial role in cases such as these; whether state commissions would be willing to work with independent bodies in these cases remains to be seen.</p> <p><em>Case Studies or Examples</em>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>The Hillsborough disaster and inquiry as a case example of issues arising when inquiry records get split up. <em>See </em>Hillsborough Independent Panel (2012), ‘The report of the Hillsborough Independent Panel’. Available at: <a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/229038/0581.pdf"></a><a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/229038/0581.pdf">https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/229038/0581.pdf</a> [accessed 24 October 2023] and Sarsfield, D., (2021) ‘Hillsborough: The Archive as a Vehicle for ‘Truth Recovery.’’, <em>British Online Archives</em>. Available at: <a href="https://microform.digital/boa/posts/category/articles/423/hillsborough-the-archive-as-a-vehicle-for-truth-recovery"></a><a href="https://microform.digital/boa/posts/category/articles/423/hillsborough-the-archive-as-a-vehicle-for-truth-recovery">https://microform.digital/boa/posts/category/articles/423/hillsborough-the-archive-as-a-vehicle-for-truth-recovery</a> [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> <li> <p>The Tunisian Truth and Dignity Commission, (2019) ‘Tunisia: Truth Commission Outlines Decades of Abuse’, <em>Human Rights Watch</em>. Available at: <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/04/05/tunisia-truth-commission-outlines-decades-abuse"></a><a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/04/05/tunisia-truth-commission-outlines-decades-abuse">https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/04/05/tunisia-truth-commission-outlines-decades-abuse</a> [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> <li> <p>BBC (2010) ‘The Saville Inquiry: Q&A’, <em>BBC News</em>. Available at: <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/10147362"></a><a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/10147362">https://www.bbc.com/news/10147362</a> [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> <li> <p>Truth and Dignity Commission (2019), ‘Executive Summary of the IVD Comprehensive and Final Report’. Available at: <a href="http://www.ivd.tn/rapport/doc/TDC_executive_summary_report.pdf"></a><a href="http://www.ivd.tn/rapport/doc/TDC_executive_summary_report.pdf">http://www.ivd.tn/rapport/doc/TDC_executive_summary_report.pdf</a> [accessed 24 October 2023]</p> </li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <a href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered/bitlist-public-enquiries-and-commissions" class="button">Read More</a> </div> <div class="com-content-category-blog__navigation w-100"> <div class="pagination" aria-label="Pagination"> <ul> <li> <span class="pagenav" aria-hidden="true">Start</span> </li> <li> <span class="pagenav" aria-hidden="true">Prev</span> </li> <li> <span class="pagenav">1</span> </li> <li> <a aria-label="Go to page 2" href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered?start=10" class="pagenav"> 2 </a> </li> <li> <a aria-label="Go to page 3" href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered?start=20" class="pagenav"> 3 </a> </li> <li> <a aria-label="Go to page 4" href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered?start=30" class="pagenav"> 4 </a> </li> <li> <a aria-label="Go to next page" href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered?start=10" class="pagenav"> Next </a> </li> <li> <a aria-label="Go to end page" href="/digipres/champion-digital-preservation/bit-list/critically-endangered?start=30" class="pagenav"> End </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <br class="clear"> <div class="small-12 columns"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row hide-for-print" id="footer"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 large-6 columns right text_right"> <div class="moduletable "> <ul class="mod-menu mod-list nav "> <li class="nav-item item-1015"><a href="/privacy" >Privacy Policy</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="small-12 large-6 columns end"> <p>© 2025 Digital Preservation Coalition | Charity Number SC051077</p> <p>Unless otherwise stated, content is shared under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC-BY-NC-SA Licence</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <a class="button scroll_top" href="javascript:void(0);">Scroll to top</a> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery("#toggleSearch").click(function() { jQuery(this).toggleClass("active"); jQuery("#search").toggleClass('shown'); }); function toggleFilters() { jQuery(".subnav_toggle a.subnav_trigger").toggleClass("active"); if (viewport().width > 1025) { // do things for 'desktop' sizes } else { // at mobile jQuery(".inner-wrap").toggleClass("subnav_active"); } } // function to set the height on fly function subHeight() { jQuery('.sub_nav').removeAttr('style'); jQuery('.sub_nav').css('min-height', jQuery(document).height() - (jQuery('#header').height() + jQuery('#footer').outerHeight(true)) + "px"); } setTimeout(function() { subHeight(); }, 50); setTimeout(function() { subHeight(); }, 2000); // Filter hide/show jQuery(".subnav_toggle a.subnav_trigger").on("swipeleft click", function(e) { toggleFilters(); e.stopImmediatePropagation(); return false; }); jQuery(".exit_subnav").on("swiperight click", function(e) { toggleFilters(); e.stopImmediatePropagation(); return false; }); jQuery(".sub_nav").on("swiperight", function(e) { toggleFilters(); e.stopImmediatePropagation(); return false; }); jQuery(document).ready(function() { jQuery(".cbTabsNav a").click(function() { autoHeight(); subHeight(); }); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/templates/dpc/js/royalslider-settings.js?v=1.1&1717497718"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/templates/dpc/js/general.js?1717497718"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/templates/dpc/js/responsive-tables.js?1717497718"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/foundation-sites@6.8.1/dist/js/foundation.min.js" defer></script>  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/robustlinks-master/robustlinks.css?1717497716" />  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/robustlinks-master/robustlinks.js?1717497716"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://dpconline.b-cdn.net/robustlinks-master/robustlinks-uri-exclude-list.js?1717497716"></script> </body> </html>