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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Responses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Responses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Responses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Groundings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Groundings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Groundings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Groundings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Investigation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Investigation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Investigation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Investigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Preliminary_report" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preliminary_report"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Preliminary report</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preliminary_report-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interim_report" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interim_report"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Interim report</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interim_report-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_report" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_report"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Final report</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_report-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions_to_the_investigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions_to_the_investigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Reactions to the investigation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactions_to_the_investigation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reactions to the investigation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reactions_to_the_investigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Statements_from_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statements_from_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Statements from parties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statements_from_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expert_analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expert_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Expert analysis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expert_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pilot_analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pilot_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Pilot analysis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pilot_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dramatization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dramatization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Dramatization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dramatization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%A2%E1%89%B5%E1%8B%AE%E1%8C%B5%E1%8B%AB_%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%AD_%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%88%E1%8B%B5_%E1%89%A0%E1%88%A8%E1%88%AB_%E1%89%81%E1%8C%A5%E1%88%AD_302" title="የኢትዮጵያ አየር መንገድ በረራ ቁጥር 302 – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የኢትዮጵያ አየር መንገድ በረራ ቁጥር 302" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9_302" title="الخطوط الجوية الإثيوبية الرحلة 302 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الخطوط الجوية الإثيوبية الرحلة 302" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_302_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%E2%80%9E%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%95%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%81%E2%80%9C" title="Полет 302 на „Етиопиън Еърлайнс“ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полет 302 на „Етиопиън Еърлайнс“" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol_302_d%27Ethiopian_Airlines" title="Vol 302 d'Ethiopian Airlines – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vol 302 d'Ethiopian Airlines" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let_Ethiopian_Airlines_302" title="Let Ethiopian Airlines 302 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Let Ethiopian Airlines 302" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302" title="Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian-Airlines-Flug_302" title="Ethiopian-Airlines-Flug 302 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ethiopian-Airlines-Flug 302" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuelo_302_de_Ethiopian_Airlines" title="Vuelo 302 de Ethiopian Airlines – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vuelo 302 de Ethiopian Airlines" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%DB%B3%DB%B0%DB%B2_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="پرواز شماره ۳۰۲ هواپیمایی اتیوپی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرواز شماره ۳۰۲ هواپیمایی اتیوپی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vol_Ethiopian_Airlines_302" title="Vol Ethiopian Airlines 302 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vol Ethiopian Airlines 302" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voo_302_de_Ethiopian_Airlines" title="Voo 302 de Ethiopian Airlines – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Voo 302 de Ethiopian Airlines" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndege_ya_Ethiopian_Airlines_302" title="Ndege ya Ethiopian Airlines 302 – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Ndege ya Ethiopian Airlines 302" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%8B%B0%EC%98%A4%ED%94%BC%EC%95%84_%ED%95%AD%EA%B3%B5_302%ED%8E%B8_%EC%B6%94%EB%9D%BD_%EC%82%AC%EA%B3%A0" title="에티오피아 항공 302편 추락 사고 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에티오피아 항공 302편 추락 사고" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_737-%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A9%D5%A1%D6%80_%D4%B5%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Boeing 737-ի ավիավթար Եթովպիայում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Boeing 737-ի ավիավթար Եթովպիայում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8" title="इथियोपियन एयरलाइंस उड़ान ३०२ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इथियोपियन एयरलाइंस उड़ान ३०२" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines_Penerbangan_302" title="Ethiopian Airlines Penerbangan 302 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ethiopian Airlines Penerbangan 302" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volo_Ethiopian_Airlines_302" title="Volo Ethiopian Airlines 302 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Volo Ethiopian Airlines 302" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94_302_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="טיסה 302 של אתיופיאן איירליינס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טיסה 302 של אתיופיאן איירליינס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajali_ya_Ndege_ya_Ethiopia_302" title="Ajali ya Ndege ya Ethiopia 302 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ajali ya Ndege ya Ethiopia 302" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penerbangan_302_Ethiopian_Airlines" title="Penerbangan 302 Ethiopian Airlines – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penerbangan 302 Ethiopian Airlines" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B6%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF_302" title="အဲသယောပိလေကြောင်းလိုင်းပျံသန်းမှု 302 – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အဲသယောပိလေကြောင်းလိုင်းပျံသန်းမှု 302" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines-vlucht_302" title="Ethiopian Airlines-vlucht 302 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ethiopian Airlines-vlucht 302" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="इथियोपियन विमान दुर्घटना – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इथियोपियन विमान दुर्घटना" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%81%E3%82%AA%E3%83%94%E3%82%A2%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA302%E4%BE%BF%E5%A2%9C%E8%90%BD%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85" title="エチオピア航空302便墜落事故 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エチオピア航空302便墜落事故" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302" title="Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B2_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1_302" title="ایتھوپیا ایئر لائنز دی پرواز نمبر 302 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایتھوپیا ایئر لائنز دی پرواز نمبر 302" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F_302" title="ក្រុមហ៊ុនអាកាសចរណ៍អេអេសអេស 302 – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ក្រុមហ៊ុនអាកាសចរណ៍អេអេសអេស 302" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katastrofa_lotu_Ethiopian_Airlines_302" title="Katastrofa lotu Ethiopian Airlines 302 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Katastrofa lotu Ethiopian Airlines 302" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voo_Ethiopian_Airlines_302" title="Voo Ethiopian Airlines 302 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Voo Ethiopian Airlines 302" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0_Boeing_737_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Катастрофа Boeing 737 под Аддис-Абебой – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Катастрофа Boeing 737 под Аддис-Абебой" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302" title="Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let_Ethiopian_Airlines_302" title="Let Ethiopian Airlines 302 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Let Ethiopian Airlines 302" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlinesin_lento_302" title="Ethiopian Airlinesin lento 302 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ethiopian Airlinesin lento 302" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302" title="Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF_302" title="எத்தியோப்பியன் ஏர்லைன்சு வானூர்தி 302 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எத்தியோப்பியன் ஏர்லைன்சு வானூர்தி 302" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_302" title="เอธิโอเปียนแอร์ไลน์ เที่ยวบินที่ 302 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอธิโอเปียนแอร์ไลน์ เที่ยวบินที่ 302" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0_Boeing_737_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81-%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8E" title="Катастрофа Boeing 737 під Аддис-Абебою – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Катастрофа Boeing 737 під Аддис-Абебою" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B2_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1_302" title="ایتھوپیا ایئر لائنز کی پرواز نمبر 302 – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایتھوپیا ایئر لائنز کی پرواز نمبر 302" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuy%E1%BA%BFn_bay_302_c%E1%BB%A7a_Ethiopian_Airlines" title="Chuyến bay 302 của Ethiopian Airlines – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chuyến bay 302 của Ethiopian Airlines" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%A1%9E%E4%BF%84%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA302%E5%8F%B7%E7%8F%AD%E6%9C%BA%E7%A9%BA%E9%9A%BE" title="埃塞俄比亚航空302号班机空难 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃塞俄比亚航空302号班机空难" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q62018034#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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searchaux" style="display:none">2019 plane crash near Bishoftu, Ethiopia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard vevent"><caption class="infobox-title fn org summary" style="padding-bottom:0.3em;">Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethiopian_Airlines_ET-AVJ_takeoff_from_TLV_(46461974574).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ethiopian_Airlines_ET-AVJ_takeoff_from_TLV_%2846461974574%29.jpg/250px-Ethiopian_Airlines_ET-AVJ_takeoff_from_TLV_%2846461974574%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ethiopian_Airlines_ET-AVJ_takeoff_from_TLV_%2846461974574%29.jpg/375px-Ethiopian_Airlines_ET-AVJ_takeoff_from_TLV_%2846461974574%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Ethiopian_Airlines_ET-AVJ_takeoff_from_TLV_%2846461974574%29.jpg/500px-Ethiopian_Airlines_ET-AVJ_takeoff_from_TLV_%2846461974574%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3792" data-file-height="2528" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:1.3em;">ET-AVJ, the aircraft involved in the accident</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #082567; color: white">Accident</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">10 March 2019<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2019-03-10</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Summary</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Loss_of_control_(aeronautics)" title="Loss of control (aeronautics)">Loss of control</a> in flight</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Site</th><td class="infobox-data flabel location" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Bishoftu" title="Bishoftu">Bishoftu</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa_Bole_International_Airport" title="Addis Ababa Bole International Airport">Addis Ababa Bole International Airport</a>, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia <br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&params=8_52_37_N_39_15_04_E_type:event_region:ET-OR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">8°52′37″N</span> <span class="longitude">39°15′04″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">8.87694°N 39.25111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">8.87694; 39.25111</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-avherald-et302_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avherald-et302-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #082567; color: white">Aircraft</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Aircraft type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Boeing_737_MAX_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 737 MAX 8">Boeing 737 MAX 8</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines" title="Ethiopian Airlines">Ethiopian Airlines</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">IATA flight No.</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">ET302</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">ICAO flight No.</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">ETH302</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Call sign</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">ETHIOPIAN 302</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_registration" title="Aircraft registration">Registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">ET-AVJ</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Flight origin</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa_Bole_International_Airport" title="Addis Ababa Bole International Airport">Addis Ababa Bole International Airport</a>, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Destination</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Jomo_Kenyatta_International_Airport" title="Jomo Kenyatta International Airport">Jomo Kenyatta International Airport</a>, Nairobi, Kenya</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Occupants</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">157</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Passengers</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">149</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Crew</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">8</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Fatalities</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">157</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em; white-space:nowrap;">Survivors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">0</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/24px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/32px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 168.16258349549px; left: 218.5372910937px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #222211; font-size: 14px; font-weight:normal;"> Impact site</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute;top: 9px;left: 219px"><div style="color: white; opacity:100; font-size: 19px; font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink no-icon" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/9/39/en" data-zoom="10" data-lat="9" data-lon="39" data-overlays="["_4f6a264687e25eeb07def635764b2392d17623eb"]"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Click for interactive fullscreen map with links to nearby articles"> </span></a></div></div></div></div></div> <p><b>Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302</b> was a scheduled <a href="/wiki/International_passenger_flight" class="mw-redirect" title="International passenger flight">international passenger flight</a> from <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa_Bole_International_Airport" title="Addis Ababa Bole International Airport">Bole International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Jomo_Kenyatta_International_Airport" title="Jomo Kenyatta International Airport">Jomo Kenyatta International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>. On 10 March 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737_MAX_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 737 MAX 8">Boeing 737 MAX 8</a> aircraft which operated the flight crashed near the town of <a href="/wiki/Bishoftu" title="Bishoftu">Bishoftu</a> six minutes after <a href="/wiki/Takeoff" title="Takeoff">takeoff</a>. All 149 passengers and 8 crew members on board died. </p><p>Flight 302 is <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines" title="Ethiopian Airlines">Ethiopian Airlines</a>' deadliest accident to date, surpassing the fatal hijacking of <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_961" title="Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961">Flight 961</a> resulting in a crash near the <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC47513508_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC47513508-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also the deadliest aircraft accident to occur in Ethiopia, surpassing the crash of an Ethiopian Air Force <a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-26" title="Antonov An-26">Antonov An-26</a> in 1982, which killed 73 people on board.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This was the second MAX 8 accident in less than five months after the crash of <a href="/wiki/Lion_Air_Flight_610" title="Lion Air Flight 610">Lion Air Flight 610</a> in the Java Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC47513508_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC47513508-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-National_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crashes prompted a two-year <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737_MAX_groundings" title="Boeing 737 MAX groundings">worldwide long term grounding</a> of the jet and an investigation into how the aircraft was <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737_MAX_certification" title="Boeing 737 MAX certification">approved for passenger service</a>. </p><p>It is one of the two ill-fated flights known as the "UN Shuttle" (alongside <a href="/wiki/Swissair_Flight_111" title="Swissair Flight 111">Swissair Flight 111</a>) because of its popularity with United Nations officials traveling between the organization's two biggest centers. In the case of Flight 302 the route was very popular as a conveyance between <a href="/wiki/African_Union_headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="African Union headquarters">African Union headquarters</a> and UN regional offices in Addis Ababa and Nairobi. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aircraft_and_crew">Aircraft and crew</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Aircraft and crew"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The aircraft was a new <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737_MAX_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 737 MAX 8">Boeing 737 MAX 8</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Serial_number" title="Serial number">serial number</a> 62450 and <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_registration" title="Aircraft registration">registered</a> as ET-AVJ. It was manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Boeing_Commercial_Airplanes" title="Boeing Commercial Airplanes">Boeing Commercial Airplanes</a> in 2018 and was delivered to Ethiopian Airlines on 15 November and it had logged 1,330.3 airframe hours in 382 takeoff and landing cycles. It was also powered by two <a href="/wiki/CFM_International_LEAP" title="CFM International LEAP">CFM International LEAP-1B28B1G05</a> engines.<sup id="cite_ref-ASN100319_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASN100319-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In command was <a href="/wiki/Pilot_in_command" title="Pilot in command">Captain</a> Yared Getachew, aged 29, who had been flying with the airline for almost nine years<sup id="cite_ref-re20190310_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-re20190310-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had logged a total of 8,122 flight hours, including 4,120 hours on the Boeing 737.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had been a Boeing 737-800 captain since November 2017, and flying Boeing 737 MAX since July 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-et302finalreport_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et302finalreport-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of the accident, he was the youngest captain at the airline.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20190312_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20190312-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/First_officer_(aeronautics)" class="mw-redirect" title="First officer (aeronautics)">first officer</a>, Ahmednur Mohammed, aged 25, was a recent graduate from the airline's academy with 361 flight hours logged, including 207 hours on the Boeing 737.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-et302finalreport_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et302finalreport-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt20190312_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20190312-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accident">Accident</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Accident"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Flight 302 was a scheduled international passenger flight from <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a> to <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a>. The aircraft took off from Addis Ababa at 08:38:00 <a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Time" title="East Africa Time">local time</a> (05:38:00 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>) with 149 passengers and 8 crew on board.<sup id="cite_ref-National_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Forty-four seconds after takeoff, as the main gear lifted off the runway, the <a href="/wiki/Angle_of_attack" title="Angle of attack">angle of attack</a> (AoA) sensor on the left side of the aircraft's nose sustained damage, possibly from a <a href="/wiki/Bird_strike" title="Bird strike">bird strike</a>. This damage caused the sensor to send faulty readings, leading the <a href="/wiki/Maneuvering_Characteristics_Augmentation_System" title="Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System">Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System</a> (MCAS) to falsely detect an imminent stall. In response, MCAS repeatedly commanded the horizontal stabilizer to push the aircraft’s nose downward, even though no stall condition existed. However, since MCAS is inactive during takeoff configuration, it only began functioning once the flaps were retracted.<sup id="cite_ref-nymag_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nymag-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Approximately one minute into the flight, the first officer, following the captain’s instructions, retracted the flaps. Within 10 seconds of this action, the situation began to deteriorate rapidly. The autopilot disengaged, and the aircraft started to descend. The captain directed the first officer to report a "flight control" problem to the control tower.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the second minute, the MCAS had activated to the point where the horizontal stabilizer was angled sharply downward, pitching the aircraft into a dive. Although the pilots managed to briefly counteract the nose-down attitude, the aircraft continued to lose altitude.<sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first officer, correctly identifying that they are experiencing a runway MCAS called out, "Stab trim cut-out!" The pilots toggled switches to disable the aircraft’s electrical <a href="/wiki/Trim_tab" title="Trim tab">trim tab</a> system, which also deactivated the MCAS software. However, the pilots made two critical errors. First, the pilots prematurely disabled the electric trim system before using it to neutralize the stabilizer. Second, they left the engines at full takeoff power, causing the aircraft to continue to accelerate. Without the electric trim system, the other possible way to move the stabilizer is by cranking the <a href="/wiki/Trim_wheel" class="mw-redirect" title="Trim wheel">trim wheel</a> by hand, but because the stabilizer was located opposite to the <a href="/wiki/Elevator_(aeronautics)" title="Elevator (aeronautics)">elevator</a>, strong aerodynamic forces were acting on it due to the pilots' inadequate thrust management.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nymag_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nymag-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the plane's high speed, there was further pressure on the stabilizer. The pilots' attempts to manually crank the stabilizer back into position failed.<sup id="cite_ref-nymag_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nymag-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three minutes into the flight, with the aircraft continuing to lose altitude and accelerating beyond its safety limits, the captain instructed the first officer to request permission from air traffic control to return to the airport. Permission was granted, and the air traffic controllers diverted other approaching flights. Following instructions from air traffic control, they turned the aircraft to the east, and it rolled to the right. The right wing came to point down as the turn steepened.<sup id="cite_ref-nymag_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nymag-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About five minutes into the flight, having struggled to keep the plane's nose from diving further by manually pulling the yoke, the captain turned the electrical trim tab system back on in the hope that it would allow him to put the stabilizer back into neutral trim. However, in turning the trim system back on, he also reactivated the MCAS software, which reactivated nine seconds later and pushed the nose further down. The captain and first officer attempted to raise the nose by manually pulling their yokes, but the aircraft continued to plunge toward the ground, crashing 25 seconds after MCAS was reactivated and 34 seconds after the captain flipped the stab trim switches.<sup id="cite_ref-nymag_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nymag-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The aircraft disappeared from radar screens and crashed at 08:43:45, about six minutes after takeoff.<sup id="cite_ref-et302prelimreport_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et302prelimreport-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC47513508_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC47513508-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ASN100319_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASN100319-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AJ100319_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJ100319-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flight tracking data showed that the aircraft's altitude and rate of climb and descent were fluctuating.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several witnesses stated the plane trailed "white smoke" and made strange noises before crashing.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aircraft impacted the ground at nearly 700 miles per hour (610 kn; 1,100 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-nymag_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nymag-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were no survivors.<sup id="cite_ref-National_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It crashed in the <i><a href="/wiki/Woreda" class="mw-redirect" title="Woreda">woreda</a></i> (district) of <a href="/wiki/Gimbichu" title="Gimbichu">Gimbichu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oromia_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Oromia Region">Oromia Region</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a farm field near the town of <a href="/wiki/Bishoftu" title="Bishoftu">Bishoftu</a>, 62 kilometres (39 mi; 33 nmi) southeast of <a href="/wiki/Bole_international_airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Bole international airport">Bole International Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TOI100319_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOI100319-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The impact created a crater about 28 metres (92 ft) wide, 40 metres (130 ft) long, and wreckage was driven up to 10 metres (33 ft) deep into the soil.<sup id="cite_ref-et302finalreport_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et302finalreport-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wreckage was strewn around the field along with personal effects and body parts.<sup id="cite_ref-nymag_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nymag-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reuters_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emergency_response">Emergency response</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Emergency response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shortly after the crash, police and a firefighting crew from a nearby <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Air_Force" title="Ethiopian Air Force">Ethiopian Air Force</a> base arrived and extinguished the fires caused by the crash.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Police cordoned off the site, and Ethiopian Red Cross personnel and air crash investigators moved in. Together with local villagers, they sifted through the wreckage, recovering pieces of the aircraft, personal effects, and human remains. Trucks and excavators were brought in to assist in clearing the crash site. Human remains found were bagged and taken to Bole International Airport for storage in refrigeration units typically used to store roses destined for export, before being taken to <a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Hospital,_Ethiopia" title="St. Paul's Hospital, Ethiopia">St. Paul's Hospital</a> in Addis Ababa for storage pending identification.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Personnel from <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a> and Blake Emergency Services, a private British disaster response firm contracted by the Ethiopian government, arrived to gather human tissue for DNA testing, and an <a href="/wiki/Israel_Police" title="Israel Police">Israel Police</a> forensics team also arrived to assist in identifying the remains of the two Israeli victims of the crash.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chinese railway construction firm <a href="/wiki/China_Railway_Seventh_Group" title="China Railway Seventh Group">CRSG</a>, later joined by another construction firm, <a href="/wiki/China_Communications_Construction" class="mw-redirect" title="China Communications Construction">CCCC</a>, brought in large scale equipment including <a href="/wiki/Excavators" class="mw-redirect" title="Excavators">excavators</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trucks" class="mw-redirect" title="Trucks">trucks</a>. They recovered both <a href="/wiki/Flight_recorder" title="Flight recorder">flight recorders</a> on 11 March, with the first being found at 9 am and the second flight recorder found at 1 pm.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The black boxes were given to Ethiopian Airlines and were sent to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> for inspection by the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Enquiry_and_Analysis_for_Civil_Aviation_Safety" title="Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety">BEA</a>, the French aviation accident investigation agency.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Passengers">Passengers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Passengers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The airline stated that the flight's 149 passengers had 35 different nationalities.<sup id="cite_ref-EA20190312_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA20190312-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crash victim positive identification was announced on 13 September 2019. Nearly a hundred disaster victim identification (DVI) experts from 14 countries supported the Interpol Incident Response Team (IRT) mission.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="font-size:83%; margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em; width:20%"> <caption>Passengers by nationality<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:left;">Nationality </th> <th>Deaths </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kenya </td> <td>32 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canada </td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ethiopia </td> <td>9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>China </td> <td>8<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Italy </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>United States </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>France </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>United Kingdom </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Egypt </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany </td> <td>5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>India </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Slovakia </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Austria </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sweden </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Israel </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Morocco </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Poland </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spain </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Belgium </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chile </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Djibouti </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Indonesia </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ireland </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mozambique </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nepal </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nigeria </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Norway </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Peru </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rwanda </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Saudi Arabia </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Serbia </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Somalia </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sudan </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Togo </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Uganda </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Yemen </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th><b>Total</b> </th> <th><b>149</b> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>All passengers and crew on board, 157 in total, were killed in the accident.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC47513508_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC47513508-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the passengers were travelling to Nairobi to attend the fourth session of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme#Environment_Assembly" title="United Nations Environment Programme">United Nations Environment Assembly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 22 people affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) were killed, including seven <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">World Food Programme</a> staff, along with staff of the United Nations office in Nairobi, the <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a>, and the office of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Telegraaf3269480_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraaf3269480-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Deputy Director of Communications for the Kenya National Commission for <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>, two staff of General Electric,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a retired Nigerian diplomat and senior UN official who was working on behalf of <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Training_and_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Training and Research">UNITAR</a>, and a staff member of the Sudan office of the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a> were also among the dead.<sup id="cite_ref-victimsbbc_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-victimsbbc-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airline stated that one passenger had a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_laissez-passer" title="United Nations laissez-passer">United Nations laissez-passer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EA20190312_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EA20190312-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flight was considered a "UN shuttle" due to its role in linking the <a href="/wiki/African_Union_headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="African Union headquarters">African Union headquarters</a> as well as other UN offices in Addis Ababa to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobi" title="United Nations Office at Nairobi">United Nations Office at Nairobi</a>, the organisation's headquarters in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Addis Ababa-Nairobi route is also popular with tourists and business people. An employee of the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Red_Cross" title="Norwegian Red Cross">Norwegian Red Cross</a>, a British intern with the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Refugee_Council" title="Norwegian Refugee Council">Norwegian Refugee Council</a>, an environmental agent for the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Arctic_Expedition_Cruise_Operators" title="Association of Arctic Expedition Cruise Operators">Association of Arctic Expedition Cruise Operators</a>, four <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Relief_Services" title="Catholic Relief Services">Catholic Relief Services</a> staff, and a senior Ugandan police official on assignment with the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a> peacekeeping force in <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> were also killed.<sup id="cite_ref-victimsguardian_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-victimsguardian-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Notable victims on-board included the Italian archaeologist and Councillor for Cultural Heritage of Sicily, <a href="/wiki/Sebastiano_Tusa" title="Sebastiano Tusa">Sebastiano Tusa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Nigerian-Canadian academic <a href="/wiki/Pius_Adesanmi" title="Pius Adesanmi">Pius Adesanmi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-newsau_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsau-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slovak politician <a href="/wiki/Anton_Hrnko" title="Anton Hrnko">Anton Hrnko</a> lost his wife and two children in the crash.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC47513508_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC47513508-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other notable victims included <a href="/wiki/Christine_Alalo" title="Christine Alalo">Christine Alalo</a>, a Ugandan police commissioner and peacekeeper serving with the <a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="African Union Mission in Somalia">African Union Mission in Somalia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Responses">Responses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Responses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Ethiopian Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a> offered his condolences to the families of the victims.<sup id="cite_ref-National_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ethiopian Airlines CEO <a href="/wiki/Tewolde_Gebremariam" title="Tewolde Gebremariam">Tewolde Gebremariam</a> visited the accident site, confirmed that there were no survivors and expressed sympathy and condolences.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boeing issued a statement of condolence.<sup id="cite_ref-Boeing130401_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boeing130401-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ethiopian parliament declared 11 March as a day of national mourning.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the opening of the fourth United Nations Environment Assembly in Nairobi, a minute of silence was observed in sympathy for the victims.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammadu_Buhari" title="Muhammadu Buhari">Muhammadu Buhari</a> of Nigeria, in his condolence message on behalf of the government and the people of Nigeria, extended his sincere condolences to Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed of Ethiopia, the people of Ethiopia, Kenya, Canada, China and all other nations who lost citizens in the crash.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 March, the FAA commented that the Boeing 737 MAX 8 model was <a href="/wiki/Airworthy" class="mw-redirect" title="Airworthy">airworthy</a>. However, due to concerns on the operation of the aircraft, the FAA ordered Boeing to implement design changes, effective by April. It stated that Boeing "plans to update training requirements and flight crew manuals in response to the design change" to the aircraft's <a href="/wiki/Maneuvering_Characteristics_Augmentation_System" title="Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System">Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System</a> (MCAS). The changes will also include enhancements to the activation of the MCAS and the <a href="/wiki/Angle_of_attack" title="Angle of attack">angle of attack</a> signal.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boeing stated that the upgrade was developed in response to the Lion Air crash but did not link it to the Ethiopian Airlines crash.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 March, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of Transportation">U.S. Secretary of Transportation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elaine_L._Chao" class="mw-redirect" title="Elaine L. Chao">Elaine L. Chao</a>, sent a memo to the U.S. Inspector General asking him to "proceed with an audit to compile an objective and detailed factual history of the activities that resulted in the certification of the Boeing 737-MAX 8 aircraft."<sup id="cite_ref-MS_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Flight_International" title="Flight International">Flight International</a></i> commented that the accident would likely increase unease about the Boeing 737 MAX felt in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Lion_Air_Flight_610" title="Lion Air Flight 610">Lion Air Flight 610</a> accident in October 2018, which similarly occurred shortly after take-off and killed everyone aboard.<sup id="cite_ref-Flightglobal456488_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flightglobal456488-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boeing shares dropped 11% over the weekend;<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by 23 March, Boeing had lost more than $40 billion in market value, dropping some 14% since the crash.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Groundings">Groundings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Groundings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Boeing_737_MAX_groundings" title="Boeing 737 MAX groundings">Boeing 737 MAX groundings</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Boeing_737_MAX_groundings" title="List of Boeing 737 MAX groundings">List of Boeing 737 MAX groundings</a></div> <p>After the Ethiopian Airlines crash, China and most other <a href="/wiki/Civil_aviation_authorities" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil aviation authorities">civil aviation authorities</a> grounded the airliner over safety concerns. Other jurisdictions, including the U.S., followed suit as new evidence revealed similarities between both crashes. The groundings were ordered despite Boeing CEO <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muilenburg" title="Dennis Muilenburg">Dennis Muilenburg</a>'s public assurances that the airplane was safe and a phone conversation with President Trump in which he "reiterated to the President our position that the MAX aircraft is safe", according to a Boeing statement.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to increasing domestic and international pressure to take action,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> (FAA) grounded the aircraft on March 13, 2019, reversing a <a href="/wiki/Continued_Airworthiness_Notification_to_the_International_Community" class="mw-redirect" title="Continued Airworthiness Notification to the International Community">Continued Airworthiness Notice</a> issued two days prior.<sup id="cite_ref-Days_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Days-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 30 MAX aircraft were flying in U.S. airspace at the time and were allowed to reach their destinations.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_Grounded_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_Grounded-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By March 18, every single Boeing 737 MAX plane (387 in total) had been grounded, which affected 8,600 weekly flights operated by 59 airlines across the globe.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_to_Zero_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_to_Zero-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several <a href="/wiki/Ferry_flying" title="Ferry flying">ferry flights</a> were operated with flaps extended to circumvent MCAS activation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investigation">Investigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Investigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adjustable_stabilizer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Adjustable_stabilizer.svg/220px-Adjustable_stabilizer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Adjustable_stabilizer.svg/330px-Adjustable_stabilizer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Adjustable_stabilizer.svg/440px-Adjustable_stabilizer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="171" /></a><figcaption>The MAX uses an adjustable stabilizer, moved by a jackscrew, to provide the required pitch trim forces. Generic stabilizer illustrated.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_Aviation_Authority" title="Ethiopian Civil Aviation Authority">Ethiopian Civil Aviation Authority</a> (ECAA), the agency responsible for investigating civil aviation accidents in Ethiopia, investigated the accident. The aircraft manufacturer, Boeing, stated that it was prepared to work with the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Board" title="National Transportation Safety Board">National Transportation Safety Board</a> (NTSB) and assist Ethiopian Airlines.<sup id="cite_ref-Boeing130401_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boeing130401-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States Federal Aviation Administration also assisted in the investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both the <a href="/wiki/Flight_recorder" title="Flight recorder">cockpit voice recorder</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Flight_recorder" title="Flight recorder">flight data recorder</a> were recovered from the crash site on 11 March.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French aviation accident investigation agency <a href="/wiki/Bureau_d%27Enqu%C3%AAtes_et_d%27Analyses_pour_la_S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_de_l%27Aviation_Civile" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile">BEA</a> announced that it would analyze the flight recorders from the flight.<sup id="cite_ref-reutersBEA_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reutersBEA-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BEA received the flight recorders on 14 March.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 17 March, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Communications_(Ethiopia)" title="Ministry of Transport and Communications (Ethiopia)">Ethiopia's transport minister</a> Dagmawit Moges announced that "the black box has been found in a good condition that enabled us to extract almost all the data inside" and that the preliminary data retrieved from the flight data recorder show a clear similarity with those of Lion Air Flight 610 which crashed off Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-Politico_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Politico-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 March 2019, the FAA announced that new evidence found on the crash site and satellite data on Flight 302 suggested that the aircraft might have suffered from the same problem which the aircraft operating <a href="/wiki/Lion_Air_Flight_610" title="Lion Air Flight 610">Lion Air Flight 610</a> had suffered from. Investigators discovered the jackscrew that controlled the pitch angle of the horizontal stabilizer of Flight 302, was in the full "nose down" position. The finding suggested that, at the time of the crash, Flight 302 was configured to dive, similar to Lion Air Flight 610.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to this finding, some experts in Indonesia suggested that the Indonesian <a href="/wiki/National_Transportation_Safety_Committee" title="National Transportation Safety Committee">National Transportation Safety Committee</a> (NTSC) should cooperate with Flight 302's investigation team.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later on the evening, the NTSC offered assistance to Flight 302's investigation team, stating that the committee and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transportation_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Transportation (Indonesia)">Indonesian Transportation Ministry</a> would send investigators and representatives from the government to assist with the investigation of the crash.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preliminary_report">Preliminary report</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Preliminary report"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 4 April 2019, the ECAA released the preliminary report on the crash.<sup id="cite_ref-et302prelimreport_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et302prelimreport-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The preliminary report does not specifically mention <a href="/wiki/MCAS_(737)" class="mw-redirect" title="MCAS (737)">MCAS</a> but rather states "approximately five seconds after the end of the ANU (aircraft nose up) stabilizer motion, a third instance of AND (aircraft nose down) automatic trim command occurred without any corresponding motion of the stabilizer, which is consistent with the stabilizer trim cutout switches being in the "cutout" position".<sup id="cite_ref-et302prelimreport_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et302prelimreport-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Approximately one minute into the flight, an airspeed of 238 knots (441 km/h; 274 mph) was selected. About 12 seconds later, the autopilot disengaged. The preliminary report asserts that the thrust remained at takeoff setting (94% N1) and the throttles did not move for the entire flight.<sup id="cite_ref-et302prelimreport_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et302prelimreport-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the next 30 seconds the stabilizer trim moved 4.2 degrees nose down, from 4.6 to 0.4 units.<sup id="cite_ref-bjorn-first-analysis_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bjorn-first-analysis-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the next 10 seconds the trim moved back up to 2.3 units as a result of pilot input and the pilots agreed on and executed the stabilizer trim cut-out procedure, cutting power to the trim motor operated by <a href="/wiki/Maneuvering_Characteristics_Augmentation_System" title="Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System">MCAS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-et302prelimreport_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et302prelimreport-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interim_report">Interim report</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Interim report"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 9 March 2020, the ECAA released an interim report on the crash. This report stated that the left and right angle of attack (AOA) values deviated by 59°. The AOA disagree message did not appear. The left minimum operating speed and left stick shaker speed was computed to be greater than the maximum operating speed without any invalidity detection. The pitch Flight Director bars disappeared then reappeared with left and right displaying different guidance. The left stick shaker activated. The nose-down trim (MCAS) triggered four times. The right over-speed clacker activated. On the third MCAS trigger there was no corresponding motion of the stabilizer, which is consistent with the stabilizer trim cutout switches being in the "cutout" position at that moment. The MCAS design relied on single AOA sensor inputs making it vulnerable to undesired activation. The difference training from B737NG to B737 MAX was inadequate.<sup id="cite_ref-et302interimreport_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et302interimreport-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_report">Final report</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Final report"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: more details from the final report and the ECAA's analysis of the event are needed as this section is composed mostly of differing views. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On 23 December 2022, the ECAA released the final report in the crash, which stated:<sup id="cite_ref-et302finalreport_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et302finalreport-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Repetitive and uncommanded airplane-nose-down inputs from the MCAS due to erroneous AOA input, and its unrecoverable activation system which made the airplane dive with the rate of -33,000 ft/min [−170 m/s] close to the ground was the most probable cause of the accident.</p></blockquote> <p>On 27 December 2022, the NTSB released its comments on the accident separately from the final report, saying that the Ethiopian authorities failed to include them in or append them to their report.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NTSB's comments read in part:<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Overall, the US team concurs with the EAIB's investigation of the MCAS and related systems and the roles that they played in the accident. However, many operational and human performance issues present in this accident were not fully developed as part of the EAIB investigation. These issues include flight crew performance, crew resource management (CRM), task management, and human-machine interface. It is important for the EAIB's final report to provide a thorough discussion of these relevant issues so that all possible safety lessons can be learned.</p></blockquote> <p>The NTSB further detailed:<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Appropriate crew management of the event, per the procedures that existed at the time, would have allowed the crew to recover the airplane even when faced with the uncommanded nose-down inputs.</p></blockquote> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Enquiry_and_Analysis_for_Civil_Aviation_Safety" title="Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety">BEA</a> also submitted comments to the draft final report, in which it disagrees with some aspects of the Ethiopian findings, specifically regarding crew performance. The introduction to the BEA's comments reads in part:<sup id="cite_ref-:3_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The BEA globally agrees with the analysis of the crew performance for phases 4 and 5 of the accident scenario. However, the BEA considers that some aspects of the analysis of the crew performance in the first phases of the flight are insufficiently developed and could improve the understanding of what could have been done by the crew which could have modified the outcome of the flight.</p></blockquote><p>The report continues in documenting the pilots' errors:<sup id="cite_ref-:3_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>During the accident flight, the flight crew did not make appropriate use of the associated applicable procedures on which he [sic] had received training in the preceding months.</p></blockquote><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Captain's attempts to engage AP was in contradiction with the Approach to Stall or Stall Recovery maneuver check list, which was expected to be applied in reaction to the stick shaker activation.</p></blockquote><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Degradation of the CRM which started immediately after the AOA vane failure and which didn't help the crew take the necessary actions to keep the plane under control although they had received an adequate recurrent training on situations that occurred in the accident flight.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions_to_the_investigation">Reactions to the investigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Reactions to the investigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_Boeing_737_MAX_groundings" title="Reactions to the Boeing 737 MAX groundings">Reactions to the Boeing 737 MAX groundings</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statements_from_parties">Statements from parties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Statements from parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ethiopian Airlines said <a href="/wiki/MCAS_(737)" class="mw-redirect" title="MCAS (737)">MCAS</a> was "to the best of our knowledge" active when the aircraft crashed.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ethiopian transport minister Dagmawit Moges, the crew "performed all the procedures repeatedly provided by the manufacturer but was not able to control the aircraft".<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bjorn Fehrm from Leeham News stated the preliminary report confirms "the Flight Crew followed the procedures prescribed by FAA and Boeing in <a href="/wiki/Airworthiness_Directive" class="mw-redirect" title="Airworthiness Directive">Airworthiness Directive</a> 2018-23-51",<sup id="cite_ref-bjorn-first-analysis_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bjorn-first-analysis-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> released shortly after the <a href="/wiki/Lion_Air_Flight_610" title="Lion Air Flight 610">Lion Air crash</a>. </p><p>Boeing's CEO <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Muilenburg" title="Dennis Muilenburg">Dennis Muilenburg</a> said on 29 April that if "you go through the checklist...it calls out actions that would be taken around power management and pitch management of the airplane. It also refers to the cutout switches, that after an activation that was not pilot-induced, that you would hit the cutout switches. And, in some cases, those procedures were not completely followed".<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A data spike in the flight data<sup id="cite_ref-et302prelimreport_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et302prelimreport-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> led to speculations about a bird or other debris hitting the plane as it was taking off, shearing away the airflow sensor.<sup id="cite_ref-reu20190404_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reu20190404-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These speculations were dismissed by Ethiopian Airlines, and Chief investigator Amdye Ayalew Fanta stated there was no indication of such damage.<sup id="cite_ref-reu20190404_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reu20190404-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 April, <a href="/wiki/The_Aviation_Herald" title="The Aviation Herald">The Aviation Herald</a> submitted 25 questions that have arisen in the aftermath of the accident to the <a href="/wiki/FAA" class="mw-redirect" title="FAA">FAA</a>'s Flight Standardization Board (FSB) regarding their draft for certification of the Boeing 737 MAX aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-avherald-et302_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avherald-et302-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier, it stated that a copy of the version of section 2.6 of the Flight Operations Manual, "Operational Irregularities", in use by Ethiopian Airlines at the time of the crash was dated 1 November 2017 and did not include material from the Operator's Bulletin issued by Boeing on 6 November 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-avherald-et302_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avherald-et302-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expert_analysis">Expert analysis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Expert analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Based on the preliminary report, <a href="/wiki/The_Aviation_Herald" title="The Aviation Herald">The Aviation Herald</a> comes to the conclusion: "Neither of the three crews" (JT-43, <a href="/wiki/JT-610" class="mw-redirect" title="JT-610">JT-610</a>, ET-302) "would have been forced to react under time pressure in order to prevent a crash, [...] without the technical malfunctions [of the <a href="/wiki/Angle_of_attack" title="Angle of attack">angle of attack</a> sensors] and the nose down trim inputs."<sup id="cite_ref-avherald-et302_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avherald-et302-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <i>The Air Current</i> aviation journal and <i>The Seattle Times</i>, the preliminary report shows that while the pilots initially followed the correct procedure to disable runaway trim, they did not complete the checklist fully, and consequently, the recovery effort did not succeed.<sup id="cite_ref-theaircurrent-stabilizer-illustration_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theaircurrent-stabilizer-illustration-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pilots have demonstrated in simulators that the trim wheels cannot be moved in severe mis-trim conditions combined with a high airspeed.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the pilots on Flight 302 pulled on the yoke to raise the nose, the aerodynamic forces on the tail's elevator would create an opposing force on the stabilizer trim jackscrew that would prevent the pilots from moving the trim wheel by hand.<sup id="cite_ref-reu20190404_94-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reu20190404-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-satcom-trim_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satcom-trim-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The resolution for this jammed trim issue is not part of Boeing's current 737 manual according to <i>The Air Current</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-theaircurrent-stabilizer-illustration_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theaircurrent-stabilizer-illustration-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Seattle Times</i> reports pilots on the <a href="/wiki/737-200" class="mw-redirect" title="737-200">737-200</a> were trained for this failure, but later models became so reliable that this procedure was no longer necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-theaircurrent-stabilizer-illustration_98-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theaircurrent-stabilizer-illustration-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_99-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Experts theorize that the difficulty to trim made it necessary for the flight crew to release the cutout, and try to use electronic trim in an effort to correct the out-of-trim configuration.<sup id="cite_ref-bjorn-first-analysis_82-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bjorn-first-analysis-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Bjorn Fehrm (Leeham News) and Peter Lemme at this time the airplane was flying "at 375kts and MCAS was never designed to trim at these Speed/Altitude combinations".<sup id="cite_ref-bjorn-first-analysis_82-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bjorn-first-analysis-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pilot_analysis">Pilot analysis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Pilot analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>John Cox, a former 737 pilot and pilots' union safety representative, and <a href="/wiki/Chesley_Sullenberger" class="mw-redirect" title="Chesley Sullenberger">Chesley Sullenberger</a>, who successfully ditched <a href="/wiki/US_Airways_Flight_1549" title="US Airways Flight 1549">US Airways Flight 1549</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>, both did <a href="/wiki/Flight_simulator" title="Flight simulator">flight simulator</a> replications of Flight 302. Cox described the rapid onset of unforeseen events as a "...breeding ground for confusion and task saturation." Sullenberger commented that "Even knowing what was going to happen, I could see how crews would have run out of time and altitude before they could have solved the problems."<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While defending the pilots' actions, Sullenberger was also highly critical of allowing someone with only 200 hours of flight experience to be first officer.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dramatization">Dramatization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Dramatization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The crash was mentioned in the 21st season of the TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Mayday_(Canadian_TV_series)" title="Mayday (Canadian TV series)">Mayday</a></i> in an episode entitled "<a href="/wiki/List_of_Mayday_episodes" title="List of Mayday episodes">Grounded: Boeing Max 8</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-:02_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was covered later in the series' 24th season in the 10th episode entitled "<a href="/wiki/List_of_Mayday_episodes" title="List of Mayday episodes">Deadly Directive</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In February 2022, <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> released <i><a href="/wiki/Downfall:_The_Case_Against_Boeing" title="Downfall: The Case Against Boeing">Downfall: The Case Against Boeing</a></i>, a documentary about the Lion Air Flight 610 and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 plane crashes.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In September 2022, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Prime" title="Amazon Prime">Amazon Prime</a> released <i>Flight/Risk</i>, a feature documentary about the two Boeing 737 MAX crashes.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines_accidents_and_incidents" title="Ethiopian Airlines accidents and incidents">Ethiopian Airlines accidents and incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Air_Flight_610" title="Lion Air Flight 610">Lion Air Flight 610</a> – the other Boeing 737 MAX accident which occurred four months prior having similar problems as well.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_737_MAX_groundings" title="Boeing 737 MAX groundings">Boeing 737 MAX groundings</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yared had 4,120 hours on the Boeing 737 regardless of variant, but only 103 hours on the Boeing 737 MAX, while 4,017 hours were on the Boeing 737 Next Generation.<sup id="cite_ref-et302finalreport_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et302finalreport-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian names">Ethiopian names</a> do not have <a href="/wiki/Family_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Family names">family names</a>, so Ethiopian people are addressed by their <a href="/wiki/Given_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Given names">given names</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ahmednur had 207 hours on the Boeing 737 regardless of variant, but only 56 hours on the Boeing 737 MAX.<sup id="cite_ref-et302prelimreport_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et302prelimreport-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His remaining 151 hours were on the Boeing 737 Next Generation.<sup id="cite_ref-et302finalreport_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et302finalreport-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/East_Africa_Time" title="East Africa Time">East Africa Time</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including one <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_residents" class="mw-redirect" title="Hong Kong residents">resident</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-avherald-et302-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-avherald-et302_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avherald-et302_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avherald-et302_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avherald-et302_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avherald.com/h?article=4c534c4a/0052&opt=0">"Crash: Ethiopian B38M near Bishoftu on Mar 10th 2019, impacted terrain after departure"</a>. <i>avherald.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501153704/http://avherald.com/h?article=4c534c4a/0052&opt=0">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=avherald.com&rft.atitle=Crash%3A+Ethiopian+B38M+near+Bishoftu+on+Mar+10th+2019%2C+impacted+terrain+after+departure&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Favherald.com%2Fh%3Farticle%3D4c534c4a%2F0052%26opt%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Airlines+Flight+302" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC47513508-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC47513508_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC47513508_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC47513508_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC47513508_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC47513508_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-47513508">"Ethiopian Airlines: 'No survivors' on crashed Boeing 737"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 10 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190310141704/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-47513508">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ethiopian+Airlines%3A+%27No+survivors%27+on+crashed+Boeing+737&rft.date=2019-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-47513508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Airlines+Flight+302" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRanter" class="citation web cs1">Ranter, Harro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asn.flightsafety.org/database/operators/6263">"Ethiopian Airlines"</a>. <i>Aviation Safety Network</i>. Flight Safety Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amazon&rft.atitle=Flight%2FRisk&rft.date=2022-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Fvideo%2Fdetail%2Famzn1.dv.gti.664d802a-2ac2-4bf7-b7a1-d93148587898&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Airlines+Flight+302" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobison2021" class="citation book cs1">Robison, Peter (2021). <i>Flying Blind: The 737 MAX Tragedy and the Fall of Boeing</i> (Hardcover). New York: Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-54649-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-54649-2"><bdi>978-0-385-54649-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flying+Blind%3A+The+737+MAX+Tragedy+and+the+Fall+of+Boeing&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-385-54649-2&rft.aulast=Robison&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Airlines+Flight+302" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_302&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avherald.com/files/ethiopian_b38m_et-avj_190310_final_report_20221226.pdf">"Final Report – Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_(Ethiopia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Transport (Ethiopia)">Ministry of Transport (Ethiopia)</a>. 23 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+Report+%E2%80%93+Aircraft+Accident+Investigation+Bureau&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Transport+%28Ethiopia%29&rft.date=2022-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Favherald.com%2Ffiles%2Fethiopian_b38m_et-avj_190310_final_report_20221226.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Airlines+Flight+302" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeggettBrowning2019" class="citation news cs1">Leggett, Theo; Browning, Simon (16 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/extra/sd9LGK2S9m/battle_over_blame">"Battle over blame – Ethiopian Airlines rejects accusations of pilot error"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. BBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Battle+over+blame+%E2%80%93+Ethiopian+Airlines+rejects+accusations+of+pilot+error&rft.date=2019-06-16&rft.aulast=Leggett&rft.aufirst=Theo&rft.au=Browning%2C+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fextra%2Fsd9LGK2S9m%2Fbattle_over_blame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Airlines+Flight+302" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><b> Analysis of preliminary report: timeline and human factor </b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visualapproach.io/et302-even-without-answers-the-data-tells-a-story/">"Ethiopian 302 – Even Without Answers, The Data Tells a Story"</a>. <i>Visual Approach (Courtney Miller)</i>. 5 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Visual+Approach+%28Courtney+Miller%29&rft.atitle=Ethiopian+302+%E2%80%93+Even+Without+Answers%2C+The+Data+Tells+a+Story&rft.date=2019-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvisualapproach.io%2Fet302-even-without-answers-the-data-tells-a-story%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Airlines+Flight+302" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leehamnews.com/2019/04/05/bjorns-corner-et302-crash-report-the-first-analysis/">"ET302 crash report, the first analysis"</a>. Leeham News and Analysis (Bjorn Fehrm). 5 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=ET302+crash+report%2C+the+first+analysis&rft.date=2019-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fleehamnews.com%2F2019%2F04%2F05%2Fbjorns-corner-et302-crash-report-the-first-analysis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Airlines+Flight+302" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><b> Difficulty to trim </b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aoNOVlxJmow&t=734"><i>Boeing 737 Unable to Trim Cockpit video (Full flight sim)</i></a>. 19 April 2019 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boeing+737+Unable+to+Trim+Cockpit+video+%28Full+flight+sim%29&rft.date=2019-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DaoNOVlxJmow%26t%3D734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Airlines+Flight+302" class="Z3988"></span> — <a href="/wiki/737NG" class="mw-redirect" title="737NG">737NG</a> simulator demonstration of the difficulty to trim in an out-of-trim situation similar to the accident.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theaircurrent.com/aviation-safety/vestigal-design-issue-clouds-737-max-crash-investigations/">"Vestigial design issue clouds 737 Max crash investigations"</a>. <i>The Air Current (Jon Ostrower)</i>. 4 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Air+Current+%28Jon+Ostrower%29&rft.atitle=Vestigial+design+issue+clouds+737+Max+crash+investigations&rft.date=2019-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheaircurrent.com%2Faviation-safety%2Fvestigal-design-issue-clouds-737-max-crash-investigations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Airlines+Flight+302" class="Z3988"></span> — Graphical illustration of the trim issue.</li></ul> <p><b> Summary of the 737 Max crashes </b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2tuKiiznsY"><i>The real reason Boeing's new plane crashed twice</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)#Video" title="Vox (website)">Vox Videos</a>. 15 April 2019 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+real+reason+Boeing%27s+new+plane+crashed+twice&rft.pub=Vox+Videos&rft.date=2019-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DH2tuKiiznsY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Airlines+Flight+302" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-sh/boeing_two_deadly_crashes">"What went wrong inside Boeing's cockpit?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 17 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=What+went+wrong+inside+Boeing%27s+cockpit%3F&rft.date=2019-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fresources%2Fidt-sh%2Fboeing_two_deadly_crashes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEthiopian+Airlines+Flight+302" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethiopian_Airlines" title="Template:Ethiopian Airlines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethiopian_Airlines" title="Template talk:Ethiopian Airlines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethiopian_Airlines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethiopian Airlines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethiopian_Airlines68" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines" title="Ethiopian Airlines">Ethiopian Airlines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Congo" title="Air Congo">Air Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asky_Airlines" title="Asky Airlines">Asky Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_Airlines" title="Malawi Airlines">Malawi Airlines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Mozambique_Airlines" title="Ethiopian Mozambique Airlines">Ethiopian Mozambique Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchadia_Airlines" title="Tchadia Airlines">Tchadia Airlines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Accidents_and_incidents67" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ethiopian_Airlines_destinations" title="List of Ethiopian Airlines destinations">Accidents and incidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Air_Lines_Flight_372" title="Ethiopian Air Lines Flight 372">Flight 372</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_708" title="Ethiopian Airlines Flight 708">Flight 708</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_604" title="Ethiopian Airlines Flight 604">Flight 604</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_961" title="Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961">Flight 961</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_409" title="Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409">Flight 409</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_702" title="Ethiopian Airlines Flight 702">Flight 702</a> (2014)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flight 302</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ethiopian_Airlines_destinations" title="List of Ethiopian Airlines destinations">Ethiopian Airlines destinations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_Ethiopia44" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_Ethiopia" title="Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in Ethiopia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_Ethiopia" title="Template talk:Aviation accidents and incidents in Ethiopia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_Ethiopia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in Ethiopia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_Ethiopia44" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Aviation accidents and incidents in Ethiopia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Air_Lines_Flight_372" title="Ethiopian Air Lines Flight 372">Ethiopian Air Lines Flight 372</a> (15 July 1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_African_Airways_Flight_720" title="East African Airways Flight 720">East African Airways Flight 720</a> (18 April 1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_708" title="Ethiopian Airlines Flight 708">Ethiopian Airlines Flight 708</a> (8 December 1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Airlines_Flight_604" title="Ethiopian Airlines Flight 604">Ethiopian Airlines Flight 604</a> (15 September 1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302</a> (10 March 2019)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col 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style="column-width: 25em;"> <div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jan 14</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/2019_Saha_Airlines_Boeing_707_crash" title="2019 Saha Airlines Boeing 707 crash">Saha Airlines Boeing 707 crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jan 21</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/2019_English_Channel_Piper_PA-46_crash" title="2019 English Channel Piper PA-46 crash">English Channel Piper PA-46 crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Feb 11</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/2019_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_helicopter_crash" title="2019 São Paulo helicopter crash">São Paulo helicopter crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Feb 23</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Air_Flight_3591" title="Atlas Air Flight 3591">Atlas Air Flight 3591</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Feb 24</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Biman_Bangladesh_Airlines_Flight_147" title="Biman Bangladesh Airlines Flight 147">Biman Bangladesh Airlines Flight 147</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Feb 27</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/2019_Air_Dynasty_helicopter_crash" title="2019 Air Dynasty helicopter crash">Air Dynasty helicopter crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Mar 4</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/CommutAir_Flight_4933" title="CommutAir Flight 4933">CommutAir Flight 4933</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Mar 9</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/2019_Laser_A%C3%A9reo_Douglas_DC-3_crash" title="2019 Laser Aéreo Douglas DC-3 crash">Colombia DC-3 crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Mar 10</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Apr 22</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/2019_Northrop_N-9M_crash" title="2019 Northrop N-9M crash">Northrop N-9M crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">May 3</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Miami_Air_International_Flight_293" title="Miami Air International Flight 293">Miami Air International Flight 293</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">May 5</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Aeroflot_Flight_1492" title="Aeroflot Flight 1492">Aeroflot Flight 1492</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">May 8</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Biman_Bangladesh_Airlines_Flight_060" title="Biman Bangladesh Airlines Flight 060">Biman Bangladesh Airlines Flight 060</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">May 13</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/2019_Alaska_mid-air_collision" title="2019 Alaska mid-air collision">Alaska mid-air collision</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">May 20</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Taquan_Air_Flight_20" title="Taquan Air Flight 20">Taquan Air Flight 20</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jun 3</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_Air_Force_An-32_crash" title="2019 Indian Air Force An-32 crash">Indian Air Force An-32 crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jun 27</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Angara_Airlines_Flight_200" title="Angara Airlines Flight 200">Angara Airlines Flight 200</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jul 14</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Skydive_Ume%C3%A5_Gippsland_GA8_Airvan_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="Skydive Umeå Gippsland GA8 Airvan crash">Skydive Umeå Gippsland GA8 Airvan crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Jul 30</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/2019_Pakistan_Army_military_plane_crash" title="2019 Pakistan Army military plane crash">Pakistan Army military plane crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Aug 15</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Ural_Airlines_Flight_178" title="Ural Airlines Flight 178">Ural Airlines Flight 178</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Aug 31</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/2019_Alta_helicopter_crash" title="2019 Alta helicopter crash">Alta helicopter crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Sep 1</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/2019_Calamba_Beechcraft_King_Air_crash" title="2019 Calamba Beechcraft King Air crash">Calamba Beechcraft King Air crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Oct 2</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/2019_Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress_crash" title="2019 Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress crash">Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Oct 4</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_Air_Alliance_Flight_4050" title="Ukraine Air Alliance Flight 4050">Ukraine Air Alliance Flight 4050</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Oct 17</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/PenAir_Flight_3296" title="PenAir Flight 3296">PenAir Flight 3296</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Nov 24</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/2019_Busy_Bee_Congo_Dornier_228_crash" title="2019 Busy Bee Congo Dornier 228 crash">Busy Bee Congo Dornier 228 crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Nov 25</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/2019_M%C3%A9naka_mid-air_collision" title="2019 Ménaka mid-air collision">Ménaka mid-air collision</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Dec 9</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/2019_Chilean_Air_Force_C-130_crash" title="2019 Chilean Air Force C-130 crash">Chilean Air Force C-130 crash</a></div></div><div><div style="width:4em;display:inline-block;">Dec 27</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Bek_Air_Flight_2100" title="Bek Air Flight 2100">Bek Air Flight 2100</a></div></div> </div> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Aviation_accidents_and_incidents_in_2018" title="Template:Aviation accidents and incidents in 2018">2018   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