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Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>This block affects editing on all Wikimedia wikis. </p><p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been globally <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:Jon_Kolbert" title="User:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <p><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/NOP" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/NOP">Open proxy/Webhost</a>: See the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WM:OP/H" class="extiw" title="m:WM:OP/H">help page</a> if you are affected </p> </div> <p>This block will expire on 15:12, 27 August 2028. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even while globally blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit pages on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a>. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">=== Disadvantages === [[File:Bogenbach bei Baerndorf Pfahl1.JPG|thumb|right|An underground cable marker. Markers are put at regular intervals to show the route and warn of the hazard of digging into the cable.]] *Undergrounding is more expensive, since the cost of burying cables at transmission voltages is several times greater than overhead power lines, and the life-cycle cost of an underground power cable is two to four times the cost of an overhead power line. Above-ground lines cost around $10 per {{convert|1|foot|adj=on}} and underground lines cost in the range of $20 to $40 per {{convert|1|foot|adj=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eei.org/ourissues/electricitydistribution/Documents/UnderVSOver.pdf|title=Edison Electric Institute - Underground Vs. Overhead Distribution Wires: Issues to Consider|accessdate=11 November 2023}}</ref> In highly urbanized areas, the cost of underground transmission can be 10–14 times as expensive as overhead.<ref>Los Angeles Department of Water & Power System Development Division cost estimate data</ref> However, these calculations may neglect the cost of power interruptions. The lifetime cost difference is smaller for lower-voltage distribution networks, in the range of 12-28% higher than overhead lines of equivalent voltage.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kim, Kim, Cho, Song, Kweon, Chung, Choi|first=Jae-Han, Ju-Yong, Jin-Tae, Il-Keun, Bo-Min, Il-Yop, Joon-Ho|date=20 March 2014|title=Comparison between Underground Cable and Overhead Line for a Low-Voltage Direct Current Distribution Network Serving Communication Repeater|journal=Energies|volume=7|issue=3|pages=1656–1672|doi=10.3390/en7031656|doi-access=free}}</ref> *Whereas finding and repairing overhead wire breaks can be accomplished in hours, underground repairs can take days or weeks,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.entergy.com/2008_hurricanes/Underground-lines.pdf|title=Should Power Lines be Underground?|accessdate=11 November 2023}}</ref> and for this reason redundant lines are run. *Underground cable locations are not always obvious, which can lead to unwary diggers damaging cables or being electrocuted. *Operations are more difficult since underground cables' high [[reactive power]] produces large charging currents, making voltage control more difficult. Large charging currents arise due to the higher capacitance from underground power lines and thus limit how long an AC line can be. To avoid capacitance issues when undergrounding long-distance transmission lines, HVDC lines can be used as they do not suffer from the same issue.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.puc.nh.gov/2008IceStorm/ST&E%20Presentations/NEI%20Underground%20Presentation%2006-09-09.pdf |title=Underground vs. Overhead Transmission and Distribution|access-date=2019-05-09|language=en-US}}</ref> *Whereas overhead lines can easily be uprated by modifying line clearances and power poles to carry more power, underground cables cannot be uprated and must be supplemented or replaced to increase capacity. Transmission and distribution companies generally future-proof underground lines by installing the highest-rated cables while being still cost-effective. *Underground cables are more subject to damage by ground movement. The [[2011 Christchurch earthquake]] in New Zealand caused damage to {{convert|360|km}} of high voltage underground cables and subsequently cut power to large parts of Christchurch city, whereas only a few kilometres of overhead lines were damaged, largely due to pole foundations being compromised by [[liquefaction]]. *As underground repair and check-ups require street digging, they create patches and potholes, leading to bumpy and unsafe rides for cars and bicycles. Utility work also increases lane closure, which leads to traffic jams and increases the cost of resurfacing work by the local government.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boston.gov/departments/public-works/roadway-resurfacing-boston|title = Roadway resurfacing in Boston|date = 9 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Residents of South City neighborhood say digging by utility is leaving bumpy patches on road | date=24 September 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6H3yJB82rfE |language=en |access-date=2022-03-19}}</ref> In some cases, the advantages can outweigh the disadvantages of the higher investment cost and more expensive maintenance and management. </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"></div><p id="mw-returnto">Return to <a href="/wiki/Underground_power_line" title="Underground power line">Underground power line</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_power_line">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_power_line</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Underground_power_line&action=edit&section=4&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4ws7h","wgBackendResponseTime":323,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.075","walltime":"0.113","ppvisitednodes":{"value":418,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":17740,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6556,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":469,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 82.891 1 -total"," 99.91% 82.815 2 Template:Blocked_text"," 33.04% 27.384 1 Template:Colocationwebhost"," 32.33% 26.797 2 Template:Replace"," 29.67% 24.594 1 Template:Hidden"," 20.59% 17.068 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake"," 12.64% 10.476 1 Template:Tlx"," 12.22% 10.133 1 Template:Hidden_begin"," 1.81% 1.504 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake-email-steward"," 1.75% 1.447 1 Template:Hidden_end"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.014","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1043322,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4ws7h","timestamp":"20241124223748","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>