CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="h1CsPV7ibQBMYO/zRrMxOQGpoBkI7SWFL5HiYOKpKVzHfoWY9YAOQP+bQyox/11lEbymdQn7PrL8FbsomLB+/g==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Late Holocene persistence of Abies alba in low-mid altitude deciduous forests of central and southern Italy: new perspectives from charcoal data" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Vegetation Science" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Marco Pacciarelli" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Emilia Allevato" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Antonio Saracino" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/15207566/Late_Holocene_persistence_of_Abies_alba_in_low_mid_altitude_deciduous_forests_of_central_and_southern_Italy_new_perspectives_from_charcoal_data" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Late Holocene persistence of Abies alba in low-mid altitude deciduous forests of central and southern Italy: new perspectives from charcoal data" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Questions: Pollen data for Abies alba Mill., a key European tree species, show broad occurrence in the Italian peninsula in the early to mid-Holocene diffusion (until ca. 6000 yr ago) along the Italian peninsula and a strong decline/local extinction" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/31700768/10022688/11179377/s200_antonio.saracino.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/15207566/Late_Holocene_persistence_of_Abies_alba_in_low_mid_altitude_deciduous_forests_of_central_and_southern_Italy_new_perspectives_from_charcoal_data" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Late Holocene persistence of Abies alba in low-mid altitude deciduous forests of central and southern Italy: new perspectives from charcoal data" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Questions: Pollen data for Abies alba Mill., a key European tree species, show broad occurrence in the Italian peninsula in the early to mid-Holocene diffusion (until ca. 6000 yr ago) along the Italian peninsula and a strong decline/local extinction" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://unina.academia.edu/AntonioSaracino" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://unina.academia.edu/EmiliaAllevato" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://unina.academia.edu/MarcoPacciarelli" /> <meta name="description" content="Questions: Pollen data for Abies alba Mill., a key European tree species, show broad occurrence in the Italian peninsula in the early to mid-Holocene diffusion (until ca. 6000 yr ago) along the Italian peninsula and a strong decline/local extinction" /> <title>(PDF) Late Holocene persistence of Abies alba in low-mid altitude deciduous forests of central and southern Italy: new perspectives from charcoal data | Antonio Saracino, Emilia Allevato, and Marco Pacciarelli - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/15207566/Late_Holocene_persistence_of_Abies_alba_in_low_mid_altitude_deciduous_forests_of_central_and_southern_Italy_new_perspectives_from_charcoal_data" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732488043000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732488043000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Questions: Pollen data for Abies alba Mill., a key European tree species, show broad occurrence in the Italian peninsula in the early to mid-Holocene diffusion (until ca. 6000 yr ago) along the Italian peninsula and a strong decline/local extinction starting ca. 5000 yr ago. This decline has been attributed to climate change. Recently, high-resolution pollen studies,mainly in northern Italian sites claim that A. alba disappearance was mainly due to human impact. We examined the presence of A. alba in archaeological sites of southern and central Italy in order to trace the late Holocene history (last 3000 yr) of this tree and enhance understanding of its role in pre-anthropic vegetation and of human involvement in its decline. Location: Central and southern Italy. Methods: Anthracological analysis was conducted in six archaeological layers at the archaeological site of Trebbio-Spinellina (800–600 BC, Sansepolcro, Tuscany). A critical analysis of wood/charcoal literature relevant to Abies in central and southern Italy was used to corroborate the results of Trebbio-Spinellina. Charcoal records fromarchaeological sites have been compared with the current distribution of A. alba. Results: At Trebbio-Spinellina, A. alba charcoal is present in all contexts examined, together with mesophilous broad-leaf taxa (Quercus deciduous, Carpinus betulus, Ostrya carpinifolia, Corylus avellana). A low charcoal percentage of Fagus sylvatica and Taxus baccata is also found; evergreen taxa are mainly represented by Quercus ilex with occasional shrubs (i.e. Viburnum, Cistus, Erica). In the literature, we identified several peninsular and insular Italian archaeological sites showing charcoal evidence of Abies, accompanied by deciduous oaks, mainly Q. cerris, and other broad-leafmesophilous trees, dating from the Iron Age to the Middle Ages. All sites, except one, lie at less than 600 m a.s.l., and far from present- day A. alba communities. Conclusion: Results call for a reworking of the prevailing paradigmof A. alba as a relic mountain species. Indeed, A. alba once grew at lower altitudes than currently and was associated with deciduous oaks, mainly Q. cerris, and other mesophilous broad-leaf trees. This evidence calls into question the suitability of the Potential Natural Vegetation (PNV) concept usually applied in the floristic approach. The recent population decline is attributable to human activity rather than to climate change. Finally, the persistence of A. alba until the late Holocene calls into question the assumptions that it is a relic species with no potential to expand its spatial range.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Antonio Saracino"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Emilia Allevato"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Marco Pacciarelli"}],"contributor":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Emilia Allevato"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Marco Pacciarelli"}],"dateCreated":"2015-08-26","dateModified":null,"datePublished":null,"headline":"Late Holocene persistence of Abies alba in low-mid altitude deciduous forests of central and southern Italy: new perspectives from charcoal data","inLanguage":"en","keywords":[],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Journal of Vegetation Science","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/15207566/Late_Holocene_persistence_of_Abies_alba_in_low_mid_altitude_deciduous_forests_of_central_and_southern_Italy_new_perspectives_from_charcoal_data","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"unina"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-352e32ba4e89304dc0b4fa5b3952eef2198174c54cdb79066bc62e91c68a1a91.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/text_button-73590134e40cdb49f9abdc8e796cc00dc362693f3f0f6137d6cf9bb78c318ce7.css" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-10fa40af19d25203774df2d4a03b9b5771b45109c2304968038e88a81d1215c5.css" /> </head> <body> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class="js-upgrade-ie-banner" style="display: none; text-align: center; padding: 8px 0; background-color: #ebe480;"><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0 0 4px;">Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p style="color: #000; font-size: 12px; margin: 0;">To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.querySelector('.js-upgrade-ie-banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "b0375c102ec3ffbee0a04ae2e7be6b15ff575c86e38d3fa7b352de6572f6c713", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="O4YDBnyf9laSP2qhywo+1Yrlro1NVOOfMHcJ9SCC8RJ7qCqj1/2VFiHExni8RlKJmvCo4UxC+Kjj81C9WpumsA==" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/15207566/Late_Holocene_persistence_of_Abies_alba_in_low_mid_altitude_deciduous_forests_of_central_and_southern_Italy_new_perspectives_from_charcoal_data" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="tVPBJn2LtlzKIMkA5GJaaUZtmnp9MPY5Bo6r2PfRf4L1feiD1unVHHnbZdmTLjY1VnicFnwm7Q7VCvKQjcgoIA==" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><input class="btn btn-primary btn-block g-recaptcha js-password-reset-submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" type="submit" value="Email me a link" /></form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script> <div class="header--container" id="main-header-container"><div class="header--inner-container header--inner-container-ds2"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper"><div class="header-ds2--left-wrapper-inner"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="hide-on-desktop-redesign" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hide-on-mobile-redesign" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a><div class="header--search-container header--search-container-ds2"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form select2-no-default-pills" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓" autocomplete="off" /><svg style="width: 14px; height: 14px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="search" class="header--search-icon svg-inline--fa fa-search fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M505 442.7L405.3 343c-4.5-4.5-10.6-7-17-7H372c27.6-35.3 44-79.7 44-128C416 93.1 322.9 0 208 0S0 93.1 0 208s93.1 208 208 208c48.3 0 92.7-16.4 128-44v16.3c0 6.4 2.5 12.5 7 17l99.7 99.7c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l28.3-28.3c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6.1-34zM208 336c-70.7 0-128-57.2-128-128 0-70.7 57.2-128 128-128 70.7 0 128 57.2 128 128 0 70.7-57.2 128-128 128z"></path></svg><input class="header--search-input header--search-input-ds2 js-SiteSearch-form-input" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" /></form></div></div></div><nav class="header--nav-buttons header--nav-buttons-ds2 js-main-nav"><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-header-login-url header-button-ds2 header-login-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a><a class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary header-button-ds2 hide-on-mobile-redesign" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a><button class="header--hamburger-button header--hamburger-button-ds2 hide-on-desktop-redesign js-header-hamburger-button"><div class="icon-bar"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div><div class="icon-bar" style="margin-top: 4px;"></div></button></nav></div><ul class="header--dropdown-container js-header-dropdown"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/login" rel="nofollow">Log In</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-expand-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">more<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-down" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-down fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M31.3 192h257.3c17.8 0 26.7 21.5 14.1 34.1L174.1 354.8c-7.8 7.8-20.5 7.8-28.3 0L17.2 226.1C4.6 213.5 13.5 192 31.3 192z"></path></svg></button></li><li><ul class="header--expanded-dropdown-container"><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://medium.com/@academia">Blog</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg>We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row"><a class="header--dropdown-link" href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="header--dropdown-row-icon svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg>Help Center</a></li><li class="header--dropdown-row js-header-dropdown-collapse-button"><button class="header--dropdown-button">less<svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="caret-up" class="header--dropdown-button-icon svg-inline--fa fa-caret-up fa-w-10" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></button></li></ul></li></ul></div> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/fast_loswp-bundle-bf3d831cde46cd0e142f29f81a3fc4ce5ab45a404c10c12a480e83de68aff851.js" defer="defer"></script><script>window.loswp = {}; window.loswp.author = 31700768; window.loswp.bulkDownloadFilterCounts = {}; window.loswp.hasDownloadableAttachment = true; window.loswp.hasViewableAttachments = true; // TODO: just use routes for this window.loswp.loginUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F15207566%2FLate_Holocene_persistence_of_Abies_alba_in_low_mid_altitude_deciduous_forests_of_central_and_southern_Italy_new_perspectives_from_charcoal_data%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F15207566%2FLate_Holocene_persistence_of_Abies_alba_in_low_mid_altitude_deciduous_forests_of_central_and_southern_Italy_new_perspectives_from_charcoal_data%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":38580009,"identifier":"Attachment_38580009","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":15207566,"created_at":"2015-08-26T11:16:06.897-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-11T19:10:50.571-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Questions: Pollen data for Abies alba Mill., a key European tree species, show broad occurrence in the Italian peninsula in the early to mid-Holocene diffusion (until ca. 6000 yr ago) along the Italian peninsula and a strong decline/local extinction starting ca. 5000 yr ago. This decline has been attributed to climate\r\nchange. Recently, high-resolution pollen studies,mainly in northern Italian sites claim that A. alba disappearance was mainly due to human impact. We examined the presence of A. alba in archaeological sites of southern and central Italy in order to trace the late Holocene history (last 3000 yr) of this tree and enhance understanding of its role in pre-anthropic vegetation and of human involvement in its decline.\r\nLocation: Central and southern Italy.\r\nMethods: Anthracological analysis was conducted in six archaeological layers at the archaeological site of Trebbio-Spinellina (800–600 BC, Sansepolcro, Tuscany). A critical analysis of wood/charcoal literature relevant to Abies in central\r\nand southern Italy was used to corroborate the results of Trebbio-Spinellina. Charcoal records fromarchaeological sites have been compared with the current distribution of A. alba.\r\nResults: At Trebbio-Spinellina, A. alba charcoal is present in all contexts examined, together with mesophilous broad-leaf taxa (Quercus deciduous, Carpinus betulus, Ostrya carpinifolia, Corylus avellana). A low charcoal percentage of Fagus sylvatica and Taxus baccata is also found; evergreen taxa are mainly represented by Quercus ilex with occasional shrubs (i.e. Viburnum, Cistus, Erica). In the literature, we identified several peninsular and insular Italian archaeological sites showing charcoal evidence of Abies, accompanied by deciduous oaks, mainly Q. cerris, and other broad-leafmesophilous trees, dating from the Iron Age to the Middle Ages. All sites, except one, lie at less than 600 m a.s.l., and far from present- day A. alba communities.\r\nConclusion: Results call for a reworking of the prevailing paradigmof A. alba as a relic mountain species. Indeed, A. alba once grew at lower altitudes than currently and was associated with deciduous oaks, mainly Q. cerris, and other mesophilous broad-leaf trees. This evidence calls into question the suitability of the Potential Natural Vegetation (PNV) concept usually applied in the floristic approach. The recent population decline is attributable to human activity rather than to climate change. Finally, the persistence of A. alba until the late Holocene calls into question the assumptions that it is a relic species with no potential to expand its spatial range.","journal_name":"Journal of Vegetation Science"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Late Holocene persistence of Abies alba in low-mid altitude deciduous forests of central and southern Italy: new perspectives from charcoal data","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [3313373,682973,31700768]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":38580009,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Late Holocene persistence of Abies alba in low-mid altitude deciduous forests of central and southern Italy: new perspectives from charcoal data”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/38580009/mini_magick20190224-14717-1dwn2nt.png?1551061145" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Late Holocene persistence of Abies alba in low-mid altitude deciduous forests of central and southern Italy: new perspectives from charcoal data</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3313373" href="https://unina.academia.edu/MarcoPacciarelli"><img alt="Profile image of Marco Pacciarelli" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Marco Pacciarelli</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="682973" href="https://unina.academia.edu/EmiliaAllevato"><img alt="Profile image of Emilia Allevato" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/682973/2676332/3114852/s65_emilia.allevato.jpg" />Emilia Allevato</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31700768" href="https://unina.academia.edu/AntonioSaracino"><img alt="Profile image of Antonio Saracino" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/31700768/10022688/11179377/s65_antonio.saracino.jpg" />Antonio Saracino</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Questions: Pollen data for Abies alba Mill., a key European tree species, show broad occurrence in the Italian peninsula in the early to mid-Holocene diffusion (until ca. 6000 yr ago) along the Italian peninsula and a strong decline/local extinction starting ca. 5000 yr ago. This decline has been attributed to climate change. Recently, high-resolution pollen studies,mainly in northern Italian sites claim that A. alba disappearance was mainly due to human impact. We examined the presence of A. alba in archaeological sites of southern and central Italy in order to trace the late Holocene history (last 3000 yr) of this tree and enhance understanding of its role in pre-anthropic vegetation and of human involvement in its decline. Location: Central and southern Italy. Methods: Anthracological analysis was conducted in six archaeological layers at the archaeological site of Trebbio-Spinellina (800–600 BC, Sansepolcro, Tuscany). A critical analysis of wood/charcoal literature relevant to Abies in central and southern Italy was used to corroborate the results of Trebbio-Spinellina. Charcoal records fromarchaeological sites have been compared with the current distribution of A. alba. Results: At Trebbio-Spinellina, A. alba charcoal is present in all contexts examined, together with mesophilous broad-leaf taxa (Quercus deciduous, Carpinus betulus, Ostrya carpinifolia, Corylus avellana). A low charcoal percentage of Fagus sylvatica and Taxus baccata is also found; evergreen taxa are mainly represented by Quercus ilex with occasional shrubs (i.e. Viburnum, Cistus, Erica). In the literature, we identified several peninsular and insular Italian archaeological sites showing charcoal evidence of Abies, accompanied by deciduous oaks, mainly Q. cerris, and other broad-leafmesophilous trees, dating from the Iron Age to the Middle Ages. All sites, except one, lie at less than 600 m a.s.l., and far from present- day A. alba communities. Conclusion: Results call for a reworking of the prevailing paradigmof A. alba as a relic mountain species. Indeed, A. alba once grew at lower altitudes than currently and was associated with deciduous oaks, mainly Q. cerris, and other mesophilous broad-leaf trees. This evidence calls into question the suitability of the Potential Natural Vegetation (PNV) concept usually applied in the floristic approach. The recent population decline is attributable to human activity rather than to climate change. Finally, the persistence of A. alba until the late Holocene calls into question the assumptions that it is a relic species with no potential to expand its spatial range.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":38580009,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/15207566/Late_Holocene_persistence_of_Abies_alba_in_low_mid_altitude_deciduous_forests_of_central_and_southern_Italy_new_perspectives_from_charcoal_data"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":38580009,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/15207566/Late_Holocene_persistence_of_Abies_alba_in_low_mid_altitude_deciduous_forests_of_central_and_southern_Italy_new_perspectives_from_charcoal_data"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="38580009" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/15207566/Late_Holocene_persistence_of_Abies_alba_in_low_mid_altitude_deciduous_forests_of_central_and_southern_Italy_new_perspectives_from_charcoal_data" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="11466228" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11466228/Anthropic_land_use_and_vegetation_dynamics_in_mountain_areas_of_Cavargna_Valley_Lepontine_Alps_Lombardy_N_Italy_during_the_Holocene_Lanfredo_Castelletti">Anthropic land use and vegetation dynamics in mountain areas of Cavargna Valley (Lepontine Alps, Lombardy, N-Italy) during the Holocene Lanfredo Castelletti</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3205611" href="https://google.academia.edu/LanfredoCastelletti">Lanfredo Castelletti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Lanfredo Castelletti. Laboratorio di Archeobiologia dei Musei Civici di, Italy E-mail address: laboratorio.archeobiologia@comune.como.it In the period 2002 to 2010 we conducted systematic surveys and field works in the Cavargna Valley (Lepontine Alps, Lombardy, N-Italy) in order to determine the relationship between the population dynamics and the environmental transformations. On the basis of artifacts, the most ancient population dates back to the Mesolithic; almost exclusively through anthracological analysis and 14C dating it had been possible to determine a sequence from Middle Neolithic (5420 55 yr BP) and Modern Age (305 40 yr BP), with intermediate stages dated at 3730 80 yr BP, 3140 70 yr BP and 940 90 yr BP. The population, for the exploitation of mountainous resources, is probably related to the sheep-rearing from Neolithic, but also to the charcoal production (from Neolithic to Modern Age), to the mountainous agriculture up to 1700 m a.m.s.l. (traces of barley), to terracing and to structures of habitation in course of verification. Charcoal pits of the Modern Age are probably related to mining and iron activities (veins of siderite with traces of chalcopyrite), practiced until XX Century. Through charcoals studies is possible to obtain a vegetal succession that starts with a brush composed of Laburnum alpinum and Acer montanus at 1800ma.m.s.l. and proceeds, during ancient Bronze Age (3730 80 yr BP), with Abies alba accompanied by Picea/Larix, Acer montanus, Alnus viridis and Corylus avellana. In particular, Abies alba is still represented during Middle Bronze Age (3140 70 yr BP), Middle Age (940 90 yr BP) and Modern Age (305 40 yr BP). THE MULTI-PROXY EVIDENCES OF TH</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Anthropic land use and vegetation dynamics in mountain areas of Cavargna Valley (Lepontine Alps, Lombardy, N-Italy) during the Holocene Lanfredo Castelletti","attachmentId":36997077,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11466228/Anthropic_land_use_and_vegetation_dynamics_in_mountain_areas_of_Cavargna_Valley_Lepontine_Alps_Lombardy_N_Italy_during_the_Holocene_Lanfredo_Castelletti","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11466228/Anthropic_land_use_and_vegetation_dynamics_in_mountain_areas_of_Cavargna_Valley_Lepontine_Alps_Lombardy_N_Italy_during_the_Holocene_Lanfredo_Castelletti"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="36190163" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36190163/_Late_W%C3%BCrm_and_Early_Middle_Holocene_environmental_change_and_human_activities_in_the_northern_Apennines_Italy_Il_Capitale_Culturale_12_537_563_2015_">“Late Würm and Early-Middle Holocene environmental change and human activities in the northern Apennines, Italy”, Il Capitale Culturale 12: 537-563 [2015]</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="304354" href="https://unipi.academia.edu/LionelloMorandi">Lionello Morandi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Il Capitale Culturale 12 (2015), pp. 537-563 (ISSN 2039-2362)</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">An enhanced radiocarbon-dated pollen-stratigraphical record from Rovegno (Liguria, 812m asl), northern Apennines (Italy), has provided a history of vegetation succession from before 17,056-16,621 cal yrs BP to the present day. The record indicates the transition from open Pinus woodland to Artemisia dominated grassland, and finally Juniperus shrubland during the late Würm. This is succeeded by Betula and Pinus woodland, and the expansion of thermophilous taxa, namely Abies, Corylus and Quercus during the Late Würm Lateglacial Interstadial. The ‘Younger Dryas’ is possibly represented by an increase in Betula and Artemisia. During the early Holocene, mixed coniferous-deciduous woodland is dominant with Quercus, as well as Abies, Fagus and Corylus. Fagus woodland becomes established sometime before 6488-6318 cal yrs BP, but never becomes a major component of the woodland cover. Throughout the middle Holocene, Abies woodland fl uctuates, with marked declines between 6488-6318 cal yrs BP and 5287-4835 cal yrs BP, although the cause remains uncertain. Finally, the paper evaluates the application of non-pollen palynomorphs, especially coprophilous fungal spores, at Prato Spilla ‘A’ (Emilia Romagna) and concludes that greater caution must be used when interpreting middle Holocene human activity based upon pollen data alone.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“Late Würm and Early-Middle Holocene environmental change and human activities in the northern Apennines, Italy”, Il Capitale Culturale 12: 537-563 [2015]","attachmentId":56090654,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36190163/_Late_W%C3%BCrm_and_Early_Middle_Holocene_environmental_change_and_human_activities_in_the_northern_Apennines_Italy_Il_Capitale_Culturale_12_537_563_2015_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36190163/_Late_W%C3%BCrm_and_Early_Middle_Holocene_environmental_change_and_human_activities_in_the_northern_Apennines_Italy_Il_Capitale_Culturale_12_537_563_2015_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="2908275" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2908275/Late_Quaternary_History_of_Vegetation_at_Lago_Di_Vico_Central_Italy_">Late-Quaternary History of Vegetation at Lago Di Vico (Central Italy)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3421427" href="https://uniroma1.academia.edu/DonatellaMagri">Donatella Magri</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Plant Biosystems, 1994</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Late-Quaternary History of Vegetation at Lago Di Vico (Central Italy)","attachmentId":37668670,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2908275/Late_Quaternary_History_of_Vegetation_at_Lago_Di_Vico_Central_Italy_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2908275/Late_Quaternary_History_of_Vegetation_at_Lago_Di_Vico_Central_Italy_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="94757447" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/94757447/Plant_landscape_reconstruction_above_the_current_timberline_at_the_Monte_Cimone_and_Corno_alle_Scale_mountain_areas_Northern_Apennines_Italy_during_the_Late_Holocene_The_evidence_from_soil_charcoal">Plant landscape reconstruction above the current timberline at the Monte Cimone and Corno alle Scale mountain areas (Northern Apennines, Italy) during the Late Holocene: The evidence from soil charcoal</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2686489" href="https://unilim.academia.edu/MarieBal">Marie Bal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Holocene, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper presents the first pedoanthracological study carried out on two mountains of the Northern Apennines, Monte Cimone, and Corno alle Scale, where the results provided new palaeoenvironmental data. The pedoantracological sampling followed an elevation gradient from the current timberline to the highest possible elevation, also adapted to the geomorphological characteristics of the study areas. Based on radiocarbon datings (16 at Monte Cimone and 9 at Corno alle Scale), the soil charcoal fragments provided data about the vegetation dynamics and plant landscape reconstruction, primarily indicating the Late Holocene. The landscape over the last 3000 years appears very similar to the current one with very small altitudinal variations of the timberline and treeline. The present study shows a lack of radiocarbon dates for the Middle Holocene and two hypotheses are discussed to explain this finding. Data suggest that past fires were locally linked to periods of climate optimum and p...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Plant landscape reconstruction above the current timberline at the Monte Cimone and Corno alle Scale mountain areas (Northern Apennines, Italy) during the Late Holocene: The evidence from soil charcoal","attachmentId":97127074,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/94757447/Plant_landscape_reconstruction_above_the_current_timberline_at_the_Monte_Cimone_and_Corno_alle_Scale_mountain_areas_Northern_Apennines_Italy_during_the_Late_Holocene_The_evidence_from_soil_charcoal","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/94757447/Plant_landscape_reconstruction_above_the_current_timberline_at_the_Monte_Cimone_and_Corno_alle_Scale_mountain_areas_Northern_Apennines_Italy_during_the_Late_Holocene_The_evidence_from_soil_charcoal"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="31980357" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31980357/The_problem_of_the_alternating_dominance_of_deciduous_and_evergreen_vegetation_Archaeo_anthracological_data_from_northern_Maremma">The problem of the alternating dominance of deciduous and evergreen vegetation: Archaeo-anthracological data from northern Maremma</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="61839779" href="https://unisi.academia.edu/nEUMedunisi">nEU-Med unisi</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="323991" href="https://unina.academia.edu/MauroBuonincontri">Mauro Buonincontri</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">in order to detect land use and forest cover changes from the 3rd century Bc to the half of the 13th century AD in a coastal/sub-coastal area of northern Maremma, charcoal analysis were carried out on two archaeological sites dated between roman period and late Middle Age. from the 3rd century Bc to the end of roman Age (6th century AD), the vegetation is characterized by a degraded evergreen Quercus forest with evergreen sclerophyllous shrubs and low macchia; in the Middle Age, from the 10th century AD to the half of the 13th century AD, a mixed forest with evergreen and deciduous species covers the area. Data show that both evergreen Quercus forest and deciduous taxa spread during two warm/dry climatic phases, but respectively in the roman phase of high human impact and in the Middle Age, characterized by a low presence of settlements and anthropic pressure. the vegetation history is independent from the climatic variations characterizing the studied period: deciduous vegetation increases during phases of low human pressure, while evergreen vegetation is related to intense human impact and it is a response of the vegetation to a period of strong land use. the match of detailed archaeoenvironmental data and archaeological data may allow a more complete interpretation of the changes in vegetation cover that characterised italy and the Mediterranean in the second half holocene.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The problem of the alternating dominance of deciduous and evergreen vegetation: Archaeo-anthracological data from northern Maremma","attachmentId":52252603,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31980357/The_problem_of_the_alternating_dominance_of_deciduous_and_evergreen_vegetation_Archaeo_anthracological_data_from_northern_Maremma","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31980357/The_problem_of_the_alternating_dominance_of_deciduous_and_evergreen_vegetation_Archaeo_anthracological_data_from_northern_Maremma"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="89763715" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89763715/Holocene_vegetation_and_fire_history_of_the_mountains_of_Northern_Sicily_Italy_">Holocene vegetation and fire history of the mountains of Northern Sicily (Italy)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="207378380" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PetraKaltenrieder">Petra Kaltenrieder</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Holocene vegetation and fire history of the mountains of Northern Sicily (Italy)","attachmentId":93515333,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89763715/Holocene_vegetation_and_fire_history_of_the_mountains_of_Northern_Sicily_Italy_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89763715/Holocene_vegetation_and_fire_history_of_the_mountains_of_Northern_Sicily_Italy_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="17102446" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17102446/Carya_as_marker_for_tree_refuges_in_southern_Italy_Boiano_basin_at_the_Middle_Pleistocene">Carya as marker for tree refuges in southern Italy (Boiano basin) at the Middle Pleistocene</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2194357" href="https://mnhn.academia.edu/VincentLebreton">Vincent Lebreton</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36673474" href="https://unina.academia.edu/EldaRussoErmolli">Elda Russo-Ermolli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Carya as marker for tree refuges in southern Italy (Boiano basin) at the Middle Pleistocene","attachmentId":42321578,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17102446/Carya_as_marker_for_tree_refuges_in_southern_Italy_Boiano_basin_at_the_Middle_Pleistocene","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17102446/Carya_as_marker_for_tree_refuges_in_southern_Italy_Boiano_basin_at_the_Middle_Pleistocene"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="17080445" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17080445/A_new_Late_glacial_and_Holocene_record_of_vegetation_and_fire_history_from_Lago_del_Greppo_northern_Apennines_Italy">A new Late-glacial and Holocene record of vegetation and fire history from Lago del Greppo, northern Apennines, Italy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1273542" href="https://unimib.academia.edu/CesareRavazzi">Cesare Ravazzi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A new Late-glacial and Holocene record of vegetation and fire history from Lago del Greppo, northern Apennines, Italy","attachmentId":42328805,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17080445/A_new_Late_glacial_and_Holocene_record_of_vegetation_and_fire_history_from_Lago_del_Greppo_northern_Apennines_Italy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17080445/A_new_Late_glacial_and_Holocene_record_of_vegetation_and_fire_history_from_Lago_del_Greppo_northern_Apennines_Italy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="115110423" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115110423/Climate_and_vegetation_dynamics_of_the_Northern_Apennines_Italy_during_the_Late_Pleistocene_and_Holocene">Climate and vegetation dynamics of the Northern Apennines (Italy) during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="101260234" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PhilStastney">Phil Stastney</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Quaternary Science Reviews, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Climate and vegetation dynamics of the Northern Apennines (Italy) during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene","attachmentId":111614647,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115110423/Climate_and_vegetation_dynamics_of_the_Northern_Apennines_Italy_during_the_Late_Pleistocene_and_Holocene","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115110423/Climate_and_vegetation_dynamics_of_the_Northern_Apennines_Italy_during_the_Late_Pleistocene_and_Holocene"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="6063153" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6063153/Vegetation_history_climate_and_human_impact_over_the_last_15_000_years_at_Lago_dell_Accesa_Tuscany_Central_Italy">Vegetation history, climate and human impact over the last 15,000 years at Lago dell’Accesa (Tuscany, Central Italy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9120969" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AntonDrescher">Anton Drescher</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Interdisciplinary studies of the sediments of Lago dell’Accesa started in 2001. We present here results from the palynological study. The pollen diagram provides a record of vegetation and climatic change spanning over 15,000 years. The oldest pollen spectra show a late-glacial steppe vegetation typical of central and southern Italy during this period. The Late-glacial Interstadial, interrupted by two cooling events, is dominated by open deciduous oak forests. The Younger Dryas is represented by 150 cm of sediment and shows the presence of steppic vegetation. The Holocene vegetation is characterised by alternating dominance of deciduous oaks and Quercus ilex. The three zones characterised by Q. ilex are accompanied by peat layers marking lake-level lowering at ca. 8600–7900, 4600–4300 and 3700–2800 cal b.p. Between approximately 9000 and 6000 cal b.p. extensive Abies-forests existed on the Colline Metallifere located 15–20 km to the north and northeast of the lake. Local fir populations may also have existed by the lake. Human impact starts at approximately 8000 cal b.p. during the Neolithic period, and increases at ca. 4300 cal b.p. Castanea and Juglans pollen is recorded from ca. 2800 cal b.p. The impact of the Etruscan settlement near the lakeshore is shown in the increasing values of arable crops, species of secondary forest canopy (Ericaceae, Pinus, Pistacia, Myrtus) and anthropogenic indicators (Chenopodiaceae, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex etc).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Vegetation history, climate and human impact over the last 15,000 years at Lago dell’Accesa (Tuscany, Central Italy","attachmentId":32988063,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6063153/Vegetation_history_climate_and_human_impact_over_the_last_15_000_years_at_Lago_dell_Accesa_Tuscany_Central_Italy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6063153/Vegetation_history_climate_and_human_impact_over_the_last_15_000_years_at_Lago_dell_Accesa_Tuscany_Central_Italy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":38580009,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":38580009,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_38580009" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="81767207" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81767207/Early_to_late_Holocene_vegetation_and_fire_dynamics_at_the_treeline_in_the_Maritime_Alps">Early to late Holocene vegetation and fire dynamics at the treeline in the Maritime Alps</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="861904" href="https://pisa.academia.edu/AdrianoRibolini">Adriano Ribolini</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2020</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Early to late Holocene vegetation and fire dynamics at the treeline in the Maritime Alps","attachmentId":87697713,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81767207/Early_to_late_Holocene_vegetation_and_fire_dynamics_at_the_treeline_in_the_Maritime_Alps","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/81767207/Early_to_late_Holocene_vegetation_and_fire_dynamics_at_the_treeline_in_the_Maritime_Alps"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="33898413" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33898413/From_pristine_forests_to_high_altitude_pastures_an_ecological_approach_to_prehistoric_human_impact_on_vegetation_and_landscapes_in_the_western_Italian_Alps">From pristine forests to high-altitude pastures: an ecological approach to prehistoric human impact on vegetation and landscapes in the western Italian Alps</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="26461912" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/LorenzoCastellano">Lorenzo Castellano</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1273542" href="https://unimib.academia.edu/CesareRavazzi">Cesare Ravazzi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Ecology</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"From pristine forests to high-altitude pastures: an ecological approach to prehistoric human impact on vegetation and landscapes in the western Italian Alps","attachmentId":53871140,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/33898413/From_pristine_forests_to_high_altitude_pastures_an_ecological_approach_to_prehistoric_human_impact_on_vegetation_and_landscapes_in_the_western_Italian_Alps","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/33898413/From_pristine_forests_to_high_altitude_pastures_an_ecological_approach_to_prehistoric_human_impact_on_vegetation_and_landscapes_in_the_western_Italian_Alps"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="12539997" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12539997/Osmundo_Alnion_woods_in_Tuscany_Italy_A_phytogeographical_analysis_from_a_west_European_perspective">Osmundo–Alnion woods in Tuscany (Italy): A phytogeographical analysis from a west European perspective</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31437441" href="https://unisi.academia.edu/MarcoLandi">Marco Landi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Osmundo–Alnion woods in Tuscany (Italy): A phytogeographical analysis from a west European perspective","attachmentId":46103185,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12539997/Osmundo_Alnion_woods_in_Tuscany_Italy_A_phytogeographical_analysis_from_a_west_European_perspective","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12539997/Osmundo_Alnion_woods_in_Tuscany_Italy_A_phytogeographical_analysis_from_a_west_European_perspective"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="107795318" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/107795318/A_new_Late_glacial_site_with_Picea_abies_in_the_northern_Apennine_foothills_an_exception_to_the_model_of_glacial_refugia_of_trees">A new Late-glacial site with Picea abies in the northern Apennine foothills: an exception to the model of glacial refugia of trees</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12162572" href="https://unibo.academia.edu/GianBattistaVai">Gian Battista Vai</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 2006</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A new Late-glacial site with Picea abies in the northern Apennine foothills: an exception to the model of glacial refugia of trees","attachmentId":106359858,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107795318/A_new_Late_glacial_site_with_Picea_abies_in_the_northern_Apennine_foothills_an_exception_to_the_model_of_glacial_refugia_of_trees","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/107795318/A_new_Late_glacial_site_with_Picea_abies_in_the_northern_Apennine_foothills_an_exception_to_the_model_of_glacial_refugia_of_trees"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="5756240" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5756240/The_problem_of_the_alternating_dominance_of_deciduous_and_evergreen_vegetation_archaeo_anthhracological_data_from_northern_Maremma">The problem of the alternating dominance of deciduous and evergreen vegetation: archaeo-anthhracological data from northern Maremma</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="323991" href="https://unina.academia.edu/MauroBuonincontri">Mauro Buonincontri</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The problem of the alternating dominance of deciduous and evergreen vegetation: archaeo-anthhracological data from northern Maremma","attachmentId":32784430,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5756240/The_problem_of_the_alternating_dominance_of_deciduous_and_evergreen_vegetation_archaeo_anthhracological_data_from_northern_Maremma","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5756240/The_problem_of_the_alternating_dominance_of_deciduous_and_evergreen_vegetation_archaeo_anthhracological_data_from_northern_Maremma"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="17080437" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17080437/Environmental_and_climatic_conditions_at_a_potential_Glacial_refugial_site_of_tree_species_near_the_Southern_Alpine_glaciers_New_insights_from_multiproxy_sedimentary_studies_at_Lago_della_Costa_Euganean_Hills_Northeastern_Italy_">Environmental and climatic conditions at a potential Glacial refugial site of tree species near the Southern Alpine glaciers. New insights from multiproxy sedimentary studies at Lago della Costa (Euganean Hills, Northeastern Italy)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1273542" href="https://unimib.academia.edu/CesareRavazzi">Cesare Ravazzi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Quaternary Science Reviews, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Environmental and climatic conditions at a potential Glacial refugial site of tree species near the Southern Alpine glaciers. New insights from multiproxy sedimentary studies at Lago della Costa (Euganean Hills, Northeastern Italy)","attachmentId":42328832,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17080437/Environmental_and_climatic_conditions_at_a_potential_Glacial_refugial_site_of_tree_species_near_the_Southern_Alpine_glaciers_New_insights_from_multiproxy_sedimentary_studies_at_Lago_della_Costa_Euganean_Hills_Northeastern_Italy_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17080437/Environmental_and_climatic_conditions_at_a_potential_Glacial_refugial_site_of_tree_species_near_the_Southern_Alpine_glaciers_New_insights_from_multiproxy_sedimentary_studies_at_Lago_della_Costa_Euganean_Hills_Northeastern_Italy_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="2908265" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2908265/Advances_in_Italian_palynological_studies_late_Pleistocene_and_Holocene_records">Advances in Italian palynological studies: late Pleistocene and Holocene records</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3421427" href="https://uniroma1.academia.edu/DonatellaMagri">Donatella Magri</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Gff, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Advances in Italian palynological studies: late Pleistocene and Holocene records","attachmentId":38916941,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2908265/Advances_in_Italian_palynological_studies_late_Pleistocene_and_Holocene_records","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2908265/Advances_in_Italian_palynological_studies_late_Pleistocene_and_Holocene_records"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="46964219" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/46964219/Holocene_vegetation_development_and_human_impact_in_the_Central_Alps_The_Pian_Venezia_palaeobotanical_record_Trento_Italy_">Holocene vegetation development and human impact in the Central Alps: The 'Pian Venezia' palaeobotanical record (Trento, Italy)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="64762434" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CesareRavazzi">Cesare Ravazzi</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Holocene vegetation development and human impact in the Central Alps: The 'Pian Venezia' palaeobotanical record (Trento, Italy)","attachmentId":66311497,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/46964219/Holocene_vegetation_development_and_human_impact_in_the_Central_Alps_The_Pian_Venezia_palaeobotanical_record_Trento_Italy_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/46964219/Holocene_vegetation_development_and_human_impact_in_the_Central_Alps_The_Pian_Venezia_palaeobotanical_record_Trento_Italy_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="81006992" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81006992/Lateglacial_Holocene_abrupt_vegetation_changes_at_Lago_Trifoglietti_in_Calabria_Southern_Italy_The_setting_of_ecosystems_in_a_refugial_zone">Lateglacial-Holocene abrupt vegetation changes at Lago Trifoglietti in Calabria, Southern Italy: The setting of ecosystems in a refugial zone</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5512711" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JacqueslouisdeBeaulieu">Jacques-louis de Beaulieu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Quaternary Science Reviews, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lateglacial-Holocene abrupt vegetation changes at Lago Trifoglietti in Calabria, Southern Italy: The setting of ecosystems in a refugial zone","attachmentId":87199608,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81006992/Lateglacial_Holocene_abrupt_vegetation_changes_at_Lago_Trifoglietti_in_Calabria_Southern_Italy_The_setting_of_ecosystems_in_a_refugial_zone","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/81006992/Lateglacial_Holocene_abrupt_vegetation_changes_at_Lago_Trifoglietti_in_Calabria_Southern_Italy_The_setting_of_ecosystems_in_a_refugial_zone"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="14641640" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14641640/THE_PLANT_RECORD_OF_THE_DUNAROBBA_AND_PIETRAFITTA_SITES_IN_THE_PLIO_PLEISTOCENE_PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL_CONTEXT_OF_CENTRAL_ITALY">THE PLANT RECORD OF THE DUNAROBBA AND PIETRAFITTA SITES IN THE PLIO-PLEISTOCENE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT OF CENTRAL ITALY</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="164043687" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SophieCamelio">Sophie Camelio</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2824194" href="https://libero.academia.edu/AngelaBaldanza">Angela Baldanza</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5714420" href="https://unito.academia.edu/EdoardoMartinetto">Edoardo Martinetto</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37429632" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertoBizzarri">Roberto Bizzarri</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE PLANT RECORD OF THE DUNAROBBA AND PIETRAFITTA SITES IN THE PLIO-PLEISTOCENE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT OF CENTRAL ITALY","attachmentId":44011887,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14641640/THE_PLANT_RECORD_OF_THE_DUNAROBBA_AND_PIETRAFITTA_SITES_IN_THE_PLIO_PLEISTOCENE_PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL_CONTEXT_OF_CENTRAL_ITALY","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14641640/THE_PLANT_RECORD_OF_THE_DUNAROBBA_AND_PIETRAFITTA_SITES_IN_THE_PLIO_PLEISTOCENE_PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL_CONTEXT_OF_CENTRAL_ITALY"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="97922871" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/97922871/Holocene_mountain_forest_changes_in_central_Mediterranean_Soil_charcoal_data_from_the_Sila_Massif_Calabria_southern_Italy_">Holocene mountain forest changes in central Mediterranean: Soil charcoal data from the Sila Massif (Calabria, southern Italy)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43308588" href="https://independent.academia.edu/OliverNelle">Oliver Nelle</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Quaternary International, 2017</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Holocene mountain forest changes in central Mediterranean: Soil charcoal data from the Sila Massif (Calabria, southern Italy)","attachmentId":99414435,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/97922871/Holocene_mountain_forest_changes_in_central_Mediterranean_Soil_charcoal_data_from_the_Sila_Massif_Calabria_southern_Italy_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/97922871/Holocene_mountain_forest_changes_in_central_Mediterranean_Soil_charcoal_data_from_the_Sila_Massif_Calabria_southern_Italy_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="16967423" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16967423/A_Lateglacial_and_early_Holocene_pollen_record_from_Valle_di_Castiglione_Rome_Vegetation_dynamics_and_climate_implications">A Lateglacial and early Holocene pollen record from Valle di Castiglione (Rome): Vegetation dynamics and climate implications</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10807324" href="https://independent.academia.edu/annapaolaanzidei">anna paola anzidei</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Quaternary International, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Lateglacial and early Holocene pollen record from Valle di Castiglione (Rome): Vegetation dynamics and climate implications","attachmentId":39282570,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16967423/A_Lateglacial_and_early_Holocene_pollen_record_from_Valle_di_Castiglione_Rome_Vegetation_dynamics_and_climate_implications","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16967423/A_Lateglacial_and_early_Holocene_pollen_record_from_Valle_di_Castiglione_Rome_Vegetation_dynamics_and_climate_implications"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer--content"><ul class="footer--main-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://medium.com/academia">Blog</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://support.academia.edu/"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px; position: relative; bottom: -1px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer--research-interests"><li>Find new research papers in:</li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul><ul class="footer--legal-links hide-on-mobile"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2024</li></ul></div> </body> </html>