CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91368b08fad44104',cH: 'KkScU7TaKpWeeJTeL5Q1cRkO2P6eYYuGW8DYh11IURQ-1739803337-1.2.1.1-pIcUueaOnoZWc8SsKQ6foH5vouQ562lAQRSXUxsmT_kgSlVAVC1tWiFYJKp8VxAM',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=Transition&__cf_chl_tk=xMbHbWHxzvCLhgG5pNlTYFdpqHflnXJbuxQjk.Drmlo-1739803337-1.0.1.1-7n7LZF0nmYJ5zywxFgBXSLfoCy.0aDpueTWZ7ZcfdnU",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739803337',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=Transition&__cf_chl_f_tk=xMbHbWHxzvCLhgG5pNlTYFdpqHflnXJbuxQjk.Drmlo-1739803337-1.0.1.1-7n7LZF0nmYJ5zywxFgBXSLfoCy.0aDpueTWZ7ZcfdnU",md: "_OhLDuNtp0bFcPI.68fL6Ec.bipINu4wK3zSkvqsqa8-1739803337-1.2.1.1-K8h3a6S5GO7aGP0o.4senqrHP4c94KVmogc00jMwADk8lAE2qI0UdUWgKsfwM2daaSTiuKRzo8ZqYR3JAsQFJ4d3_8ARSIX3s8UaToXxc7prIfc3j2B0WZmGTPsH8pmVchf.u9i1TyBfK2Ljok6iXQfDuA0d1TNkIsbBTTUz5x5VYvgz4Q.ARKAHAlGxm1Qa6x_nW.cH6zLb0IcfBVibxpoksNfb5LLg98t9tdlzJX95dcBqIpwr3FUYJEs1caaH3LbuQodkZX8ZNJR67UxE1zY_aU4KgFsJYhP13aR8jEMaGLfyJVCiTzvRjsTFmfI3R3lydMAv8WxffV9KV.fIouKHZpBwdkGZSoeO_x6HM6q7nXpDN8MOzrpXISHNyeCT4n_XHzUDaAAY9LjOBHd51vfktiGoi.T4ORMr.7nEWmoeWyYl8rbnzcdbma9UTqrddP1t4nsYTpkkYwqtDJw7dTzk3nEq65EieGLGNMdkCUx1zdjoA3N0_GvO9SzylC.tEwZUvzd58K36PHhL4fX.LbEipvbCc8MZ98RnbvtmKMec4rgKsBGlREOjgEKWeHixriXhpz2w53eL.K_29pEOYx3OL3fF6knI4HXlVbQSfkhrNU7wOOoxLky3gHAGPV28WTsnH3mskmMQn7n1plFMyn6UpRfc1emj9zt_elYioSok8daUn2I2j5kRj.t2MbtQ9cOS2klXyku3Jgl4iNkD.xzVriJRqPW5SJLp4w.JjiLCzjDX47OKmZep5ewjPWmNiISK1ARDHgv5Gm8v9Iuzxqpx0wiNT_OFadWTq9TeHJwAmdprHzu8UZIaVO2HrQ.SA764lsO7yKcQn2vC9xqP8HfNSKzfULX8gu82TarASsUzAIVNLuItLZ60OPldx_R56l9OiLnDLPLvC5lBVLeO3NWty8FBjGMWsTgMOQ7bVXGLOXmzH8AK2nxL1EGOcYrg8eMYzrJitXw41K.N.G0m5zh3NxoED6CN103NirME3gN968chqu3kEMiog0np6fED946X6qdXHuWvlDl1Py3EIUnqBbPfT66e.Mt7eSvwW8FEo9dGeWnCNqtCA_lv45KCdnOiB8dyl2uhFyY4zlmkj0CitMso37ExSLfpsAvnDuzztcNTNizagbDrjG_2XvQ6amEye_j06GgiUsNanbbvy5pKKz1cgRvpUKH676P8qw.SDt841ltdflY3Y_jB3wefsfy6O6LlQCO5rg6JDCwLfrgePZpkxp0VcYXAMHGxlltNa_FEg6ZBeM0K7PXGDhmbCOeacYtk.6LC.7pjrEYePaADz0WbftZbOWtBo0ymIat2Hu9p6gGY5V0yvReGeJ3ixvTzWJ_cGvyqX0jmLHV0pDVdZUgFil7bkkaqwPFxmIERB6VAq6ZdwREZMTEiZe3mauXCkhRRdAmHw_ZwYewpmvGIFu4xOKDbz8XdQZxJkRckhZWm8SR3YhlxSuHCy7RCSpYkFFzY4ghpSIrxrnVRNB51fP09n5s3XqnwA.q5Ezjqgm11UyaebdML.vDLYy9KG_o8zD0nB4gi6XycZrCnsqqNCWYoNbHp2R09NKFFhLkifHwSe08U4BIx3ARqk5wAJIugvOx_TCpoEi7ccE5sncmZC5wuspUweF.eMbEiKbksVnlt.MJotmbEHuazMcAcnUryhLN.XcQWD0jK60O_pUIF8r6V3AvIxOMYD5Z4wvJaMty6viT6sIYWBWKLMBAM7sm.V8dk0k5DiF7h._0g1o0JSmOf.EOIbErDo57YZsU.6ljssMV_VDfkf22QymC.osF6kR2cdozOEKBEqHMJ1Yal5vrudTK9GG.XfxUwdHwKPV86X5UosWvnA3wWY1xnlk2gwbErDqKLJ_GsGFIsJ3wWupwjwk3HG_2ZjEaNIAJXPywJRwT6YTPSC.qk.Qyg",mdrd: "GaCQwp.qjfhaV5dut3Rn1fIw_JDHlrgzaSxdHC.TVmo-1739803337-1.2.1.1-XOkTVYwa43greZb1RW0hKbsoPifUhhqHl0XQvmL59OvCUAWHvHootqpXx52zoyOgXX_1hznMEVXBCHVnqQU5M2ujENt45qjxYrqWy0CPYLWlZ0dmckLgP6JgDjCsHQD1lRbbS7eNgjhPP2JFXTVa_0oi3C9KIp9PEWvONPBc9bn2lGXZNX39KEMND7ACFv7d3xim.P8isoED4OKTVpABF1Z9do1SX4uDPNXT9J5GLjK4NaI4Z7UFLoUT2AOdtwGOAx_BltMjuwEzDNgTSNYMEykjfgF8uB7BbLacI05wKj7gFFz4Tprk2UBFYxeKiE.8mbjkRrUkKocrvtBBfidAd6AGFiJmy4AjpAxRxxUIt_IiVIRP8_KMaZ20OwO6sppsEqPcgkqumEhPjqHIeBLMb_Bqua28V842jLwyzOmKdXXkjY4C3KurMGeJWMwYIj8nFlMixTkzhOAAJS8t0qtmbhgsqASqcmHOGuJQLooqXlmNAarOjQVuoIbMjR3cGK4eE87gmrQMevSyvwqsYvfVSZe__sVg4v9F0by_5KaEvV1dCOE1VLcNhbInlasgacr0jArmnVke2SWHrVA5RTztVHSvvYyd16Xy9dgpgjA8ID.rXV1toxyOHyLyrnK1uRZLbyitkd2P6Zhe6863z7skoyy7xIXg.KpbAm9vmks4HiH88tfRUvpJhVsgwTaSJ3MJbe22LggB.O1910dgZAXkJOItU5c.4Ip.3lOoNMQFqfvKDz8oNcinYDAYNRTtGLeA6Fey8WfyfeMLMHytIm10wVxPC7GryvurPHMV7WhLA6yrQSB8Ht6bYTNYv2T2qpofKnIV6_WntEgrLk2ONQFtkFUkLM3cHkMwmdb5TpR4nj4v68Q0LYvPgzlr0I7NymxdHzjglE9Zvid.rxDeef_uYdKutN9Wf3zV1xk15VEoz9wbO95zrlxbVlWvzB.jaXJv5k.32ydIy6UdQrVxqMpWdLNj7V6l6XJYF1nvDZ.Nqv4RHcMW3bO9vyQhNfky1NbAjOmvPK.rvigjl5nZ_v3h5J7kXjv.6_wrQETJ24K.4HlTuSBPj3IlCNTx8FG401nm7fxnMvT2J4qS5kKLSaIlufqzILOmv9TrrTOvw0FDaRTLlXTngPcbhwGE10T5G_mkHPzWHVL6HVcfOA5keYtoyY2yUhGZvOZWb4Wxa2XGtQVjm60l0Hu.4s56EJFPp07hlJ72KWZM3u51wPsn5AHMbGuB49_nzarMHaXa62r_N9EAgihRUri0vleN1e48Tmu5AHNwCxxlcPiA0yXnNgsP1LmMlrWH7Sx1NSdZ7TDrNvfTMjgBUcesOgAIDbM1sx6Rhgjip.jgizcSeZ2qzULvfFTzRNeCOJ07cxPfbauRaLg30seXQxIZFJvfke7PswcedigC2xYlNOTuPIf0_WRHGYhu88kWpy9y8p4CzaJ4wBkcw_hOedAyo5SIGH3DdsytHzipY8IX51O38iGq9lMgpzLMMoLDghTwSpWo4pMxLrhC1m3LGX7mhV0WNvL2LBgRPA542qbSNRKb0w4ZlOXvYrdRZTUpCDLHyGe_NguAciGkzN7zIkMul6w5tI99YAoxvAsNJ3MCP1wfrV6XfF.Zilt5pheZt90gdKY5DnC33v7hGbVqO9vNqHWhtyQpIx13K8Bfui.ajFLriMcoZVslfiEcznVWxKxV9N.93LR86zoHeLP_YVklXUGFTlxj1d4ThBi7SaVY0orvvJVLrwHYI_7VuL4Fo5Ae2CyhdtZvUSLWvA6WJfBeON_GXVECHtK0n75J5qIcS1pot6UuR0f8gSZFg39BVukA6xHqJKkkqjixER8uZUvRbBBqvO8Vye0qPsYVb9Y8pw4E9KfLNZ07Zd3vZMKgyCtvvWO.wP3X3L3RNzP6y9Bym_5uD1jlPJwEZqLHCW7KPaoPerdlyEiK3x2jmruVNVcexLSEMkWK.OmKlxDrvsG8851mxfBNAwa."};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91368b08fad44104';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=Transition&__cf_chl_rt_tk=xMbHbWHxzvCLhgG5pNlTYFdpqHflnXJbuxQjk.Drmlo-1739803337-1.0.1.1-7n7LZF0nmYJ5zywxFgBXSLfoCy.0aDpueTWZ7ZcfdnU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>