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concentration</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: sediment concentration"> <meta name="keywords" content="sediment concentration"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="sediment concentration"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5311</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: sediment concentration</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5311</span> Potential Impact of Climate Change on Suspended Sediment Changes in Mekong River Basin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zuliziana%20Suif">Zuliziana Suif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nordila%20Ahmad"> Nordila Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sengheng%20Hul"> Sengheng Hul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper evaluates the impact of climate change on suspended sediment changes in the Mekong River Basin. In this study, the distributed process-based sediment transport model is used to examine the potential impact of future climate on suspended sediment dynamic changes in the Mekong River Basin. To this end, climate scenarios from two General Circulation Model (GCMs) were considered in the scenario analysis. The simulation results show that the sediment load and concentration shows 0.64% to 69% increase in the near future (2041-2050) and 2.5% to 95% in the far future (2090- 2099). As the projected climate change impact on sediment varies remarkably between the different climate models, the uncertainty should be taken into account in sediment management. Overall, the changes in sediment load and concentration can have a great implication for related sediment management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title="climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suspended%20sediment" title=" suspended sediment"> suspended sediment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mekong%20River%20Basin" title=" Mekong River Basin"> Mekong River Basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GCMs" title=" GCMs"> GCMs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67271/potential-impact-of-climate-change-on-suspended-sediment-changes-in-mekong-river-basin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5310</span> Heavy Metal Concentration in Orchard Area, Amphawa District, Samut Songkram Province, Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sisuwan%20Kaseamsawat">Sisuwan Kaseamsawat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sivapan%20Choo-In"> Sivapan Choo-In</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A study was conducted in May to July 2013 with the aim of determination of heavy metal concentration in orchard area. 60 samples were collected and analyzed for Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn) by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The heavy metal concentrations in sediment of orchards, that use chemical for Cd (1.13 ± 0.26 mg/l), Cu (8.00 ± 1.05 mg/l), Pb (13.16 ± 2.01) and Zn (37.41 ± 3.20 mg/l). The heavy metal concentrations in sediment of the orchards, that do not use chemical for Cd (1.28 ± 0.50 mg/l), Cu (7.60 ± 1.20 mg/l), Pb (29.87 ± 4.88) and Zn (21.79 ± 2.98 mg/l). Statistical analysis between heavy metal in sediment from the orchard, that use chemical and the orchard, that not use chemical were difference statistic significant of 0.5 level of significant for Cd and Pb while no statistically difference for Cu and Zn. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title="heavy metal">heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orchard" title=" orchard"> orchard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution%20and%20monitoring" title=" pollution and monitoring"> pollution and monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title=" sediment"> sediment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8591/heavy-metal-concentration-in-orchard-area-amphawa-district-samut-songkram-province-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5309</span> Assessment of Sediment Control Characteristics of Notches in Different Sediment Transport Regimes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih%20Ming%20Tseng">Chih Ming Tseng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Landslides during typhoons that generate substantial amounts of sediment and subsequent rainfall can trigger various types of sediment transport regimes, such as debris flows, high-concentration sediment-laden flows, and typical river sediment transport. This study aims to investigate the sediment control characteristics of natural notches within different sediment transport regimes. High-resolution digital terrain models were used to establish the relationship between slope gradients and catchment areas, which were then used to delineate distinct sediment transport regimes and analyze the sediment control characteristics of notches within these regimes. The research results indicate that the catchment areas of Aiyuzi Creek, Hossa Creek, and Chushui Creek in the study region can be clearly categorized into three sediment transport regimes based on the slope-area relationship curves: frequent collapse headwater areas, debris flow zones, and high-concentration sediment-laden flow zones. The threshold for transitioning from the collapse zone to the debris flow zone in the Aiyuzi Creek catchment is lower compared to Hossa Creek and Chushui Creek, suggesting that the active collapse processes in the upper reaches of Aiyuzi Creek continuously supply a significant sediment source, making it more susceptible to subsequent debris flow events. Moreover, the analysis of sediment trapping efficiency at notches within different sediment transport regimes reveals that as the notch constriction ratio increases, the sediment accumulation per unit area also increases. The accumulation thickness per unit area in high-concentration sediment-laden flow zones is greater than in debris flow zones, indicating differences in sediment deposition characteristics among various sediment transport regimes. Regarding sediment control rates at notches, there is a generally positive correlation with the notch constriction ratio. During the 2009 Morakot Typhoon, the substantial sediment supply from slope failures in the upstream catchment led to an oversupplied sediment transport condition in the river channel. Consequently, sediment control rates were more pronounced during medium and small sediment transport events between 2010 and 2015. However, there were no significant differences in sediment control rates among the different sediment transport regimes at notches. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the sediment control characteristics of notches under various sediment transport conditions, which can aid in the development of improved sediment management strategies in watersheds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslide" title="landslide">landslide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debris%20flow" title=" debris flow"> debris flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=notch" title=" notch"> notch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20control" title=" sediment control"> sediment control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DTM" title=" DTM"> DTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%E2%80%93area%20relation" title=" slope–area relation"> slope–area relation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191167/assessment-of-sediment-control-characteristics-of-notches-in-different-sediment-transport-regimes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">28</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5308</span> Predict Suspended Sediment Concentration Using Artificial Neural Networks Technique: Case Study Oued El Abiod Watershed, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Bougamouza">Adel Bougamouza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boualam%20Remini"> Boualam Remini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20El%20Hadi%20Ammari"> Abd El Hadi Ammari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feteh%20Sakhraoui"> Feteh Sakhraoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The assessment of sediments being carried by a river is importance for planning and designing of various water resources projects. In this study, Artificial Neural Network Techniques are used to estimate the daily suspended sediment concentration for the corresponding daily discharge flow in the upstream of Foum El Gherza dam, Biskra, Algeria. The FFNN, GRNN, and RBNN models are established for estimating current suspended sediment values. Some statistics involving RMSE and R2 were used to evaluate the performance of applied models. The comparison of three AI models showed that the RBNN model performed better than the FFNN and GRNN models with R2 = 0.967 and RMSE= 5.313 mg/l. Therefore, the ANN model had capability to improve nonlinear relationships between discharge flow and suspended sediment with reasonable precision. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title="artificial neural network">artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oued%20Abiod%20watershed" title=" Oued Abiod watershed"> Oued Abiod watershed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedforward%20network" title=" feedforward network"> feedforward network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20regression%20network" title=" generalized regression network"> generalized regression network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radial%20basis%20network" title=" radial basis network"> radial basis network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20concentration" title=" sediment concentration"> sediment concentration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37324/predict-suspended-sediment-concentration-using-artificial-neural-networks-technique-case-study-oued-el-abiod-watershed-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5307</span> Spatio-Temporal Variation of Suspended Sediment Concentration in the near Shore Waters, Southern Karnataka, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ateeth%20Shetty">Ateeth Shetty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20S.%20Jayappa"> K. S. Jayappa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratheesh%20Ramakrishnan"> Ratheesh Ramakrishnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Rajawat"> A. S. Rajawat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) was estimated for the period of four months (November, 2013 to February 2014) using Oceansat-2 (Ocean Colour Monitor) satellite images to understand the coastal dynamics and regional sediment transport, especially distribution and budgeting in coastal waters. The coastal zone undergoes continuous changes due to natural processes and anthropogenic activities. The importance of the coastal zone, with respect to safety, ecology, economy and recreation, demands a management strategy in which each of these aspects is taken into account. Monitoring and understanding the sediment dynamics and suspended sediment transport is an important issue for coastal engineering related activities. A study of the transport mechanism of suspended sediments in the near shore environment is essential not only to safeguard marine installations or navigational channels, but also for the coastal structure design, environmental protection and disaster reduction. Such studies also help in assessment of pollutants and other biological activities in the region. An accurate description of the sediment transport, caused by waves and tidal or wave-induced currents, is of great importance in predicting coastal morphological changes. Satellite-derived SSC data have been found to be useful for Indian coasts because of their high spatial (360 m), spectral and temporal resolutions. The present paper outlines the applications of state‐of‐the‐art operational Indian Remote Sensing satellite, Oceansat-2 to study the dynamics of sediment transport. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suspended%20sediment%20concentration" title="suspended sediment concentration">suspended sediment concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocean%20colour%20monitor" title=" ocean colour monitor"> ocean colour monitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20transport" title=" sediment transport"> sediment transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20%E2%80%93%20II%20waters" title=" case – II waters"> case – II waters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66941/spatio-temporal-variation-of-suspended-sediment-concentration-in-the-near-shore-waters-southern-karnataka-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66941.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5306</span> Determination of Acid Volatile Sulfides–Simultaneously Extracted Metal Relationship and Toxicity in Contaminated Sediment Layer in Mid-Black Sea Coasts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arife%20Simsek">Arife Simsek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gulfem%20Bakan"> Gulfem Bakan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sediment refers to the accumulation of varying amounts of sediment material in natural waters and the formation of bottom sludge. Sediments are the most important sources of pollutants as well as important future sources and carriers of pollutants. The accumulation of pollutants in sediments can cause serious environmental problems for the surrounding areas. Heavy metals (such as Cr, Cd, Al, Pb, Cu, Al, Zn) disrupt the water quality, affect the useful use of sediment, affect the ecosystem and have a toxic effect on the life of the sediment layer. This effect, which accumulates in the aquatic organisms, can enter the human body with the food chain and affect health seriously. Potential metal toxicity can be determined by comparing acid volatile sulfides (AVS) – simultaneously extracted metal (SEM) ratio in anoxic sediments to determine the effect of metals. Determination of the concentration of SEM and AVS is useful in screening sediments for potential toxicity due to the high metal concentration. In the case of SEM/AVS < 0 (anoxic sediment); in terms of AVS biomass production, its toxicity can be controlled. No toxic effects may be observed when SEM / AVS < 0. SEM / AVS > 0 (in the case of oxic sediment); metals with sensitive fraction such as Cu, As, Ag, Zn are stored. In this study, AVS and SEM measurements of sediment samples collected from five different points in the district of Tekkeköy in Samsun province were performed. The SEM - AVS ratio was greater than 0 in all samples. Therefore, it is necessary to test the toxicity against the risks that may occur in the ecosystem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AVS-SEM" title="AVS-SEM">AVS-SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Black%20Sea" title=" Black Sea"> Black Sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title=" heavy metal"> heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title=" sediment"> sediment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107175/determination-of-acid-volatile-sulfides-simultaneously-extracted-metal-relationship-and-toxicity-in-contaminated-sediment-layer-in-mid-black-sea-coasts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5305</span> The Impact of Urbanisation on Sediment Concentration of Ginzo River in Katsina City, Katsina State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Lugard">Ahmed A. Lugard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20A.%20Aliyu"> Mohammed A. Aliyu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studied the influence of urban development and its accompanied land surface transformation on sediment concentration of a natural flowing Ginzo river across the city of Katsina. An opposite twin river known as Tille river, which is less urbanized, was used to compare the result of the sediment concentration of the Ginzo River in order to ascertain the consequences of the urban area on impacting the sediment concentration. An instrument called USP 61 point integrating cable way sampler described by Gregory and walling (1973), was used to collect the suspended sediment samples in the wet season months of June, July, August and September. The result obtained in the study shows that only the sample collected at the peripheral site of the city, which is mostly farmland areas resembles the results in the four sites of Tille river, which is the reference stream in the study. It was found to be only + 10% different from one another, while at the other three sites of the Ginzo which are highly urbanized the disparity ranges from 35-45% less than what are obtained at the four sites of Tille River. In the generalized assessment, the t-distribution result applied to the two set of data shows that there is a significant difference between the sediment concentration of urbanized River Ginzo and that of less urbanized River Tille. The study further discovered that the less sediment concentration found in urbanized River Ginzo is attributed to concretization of surfaced, tarred roads, concretized channeling of segments of the river including the river bed and reserved open grassland areas, all within the catchments. The study therefore concludes that urbanization affect not only the hydrology of an urbanized river basin, but also the sediment concentration which is a significant aspect of its geomorphology. This world certainly affects the flood plain of the basin at a certain point which might be a suitable land for cultivation. It is recommended here that further studies on the impact of urbanization on River Basins should focus on all elements of geomorphology as it has been on hydrology. This would make the work rather complete as the two disciplines are inseparable from each other. The authorities concern should also trigger a more proper environmental and land use management policies to arrest the menace of land degradation and related episodic events. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title="environment">environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infiltration" title=" infiltration"> infiltration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river" title=" river"> river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title=" urbanization"> urbanization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35720/the-impact-of-urbanisation-on-sediment-concentration-of-ginzo-river-in-katsina-city-katsina-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5304</span> Heavy Metal Contamination of Mining-Impacted Mangrove Sediments and Its Correlation with Vegetation and Sediment Attributes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jumel%20Christian%20P.%20Nicha">Jumel Christian P. Nicha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Severino%20G.%20Salmo%20III"> Severino G. Salmo III</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated the concentration of heavy metals (HM) in mangrove sediments of Lake Uacon, Zambales, Philippines. The relationship among the studied HM (Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, Cd, Fe) and the mangrove vegetation and sediment characteristics were assessed. Fourteen sampling plots were designated across the lake (10 vegetated and 4 un-vegetated) based on distance from the mining effluents. In each plot, three sediment cores were collected at 20 cm depth. Among the dominant mangrove species recorded were (in order of dominance): Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora stylosa, Avicennia marina, Excoecaria agallocha and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. Sediment samples were digested with aqua regia, and the HM concentrations were quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Results showed that HM concentrations were higher in the vegetated plots as compared to the un-vegetated sites. Vegetated sites had high Ni (mean: 881.71 mg/kg) and Cr (mean: 776.36 mg/kg) that exceeded the threshold values (cf. by the United States Environmental Protection Agency; USEPA). Fe, Pb, Cu and Cd had a mean concentration of 2597.92 mg/kg, 40.94 mg/kg, 36.81 mg/kg and 2.22 mg/kg respectively. Vegetation variables were not significantly correlated with HM concentration. However, the HM concentration was significantly correlated with sediment variables particularly pH, redox, particle size, nitrogen, phosphorus, moisture and organic matter contents. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) indicated moderate to high pollution in the lake. Risk assessment and management should be designed in order to mitigate the ecological risk posed by HM. The need of a regular monitoring scheme for lake and mangrove rehabilitation programs and management should be designed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title="heavy metals">heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mangrove%20vegetation" title=" mangrove vegetation"> mangrove vegetation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining" title=" mining"> mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippines" title=" Philippines"> Philippines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title=" sediment"> sediment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81039/heavy-metal-contamination-of-mining-impacted-mangrove-sediments-and-its-correlation-with-vegetation-and-sediment-attributes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5303</span> Comparison of Sediment Rating Curve and Artificial Neural Network in Simulation of Suspended Sediment Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Saadiq">Ahmad Saadiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neeraj%20Sahu"> Neeraj Sahu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sediment, which comprises of solid particles of mineral and organic material are transported by water. In river systems, the amount of sediment transported is controlled by both the transport capacity of the flow and the supply of sediment. The transport of sediment in rivers is important with respect to pollution, channel navigability, reservoir ageing, hydroelectric equipment longevity, fish habitat, river aesthetics and scientific interests. The sediment load transported in a river is a very complex hydrological phenomenon. Hence, sediment transport has attracted the attention of engineers from various aspects, and different methods have been used for its estimation. So, several experimental equations have been submitted by experts. Though the results of these methods have considerable differences with each other and with experimental observations, because the sediment measures have some limits, these equations can be used in estimating sediment load. In this present study, two black box models namely, an SRC (Sediment Rating Curve) and ANN (Artificial Neural Network) are used in the simulation of the suspended sediment load. The study is carried out for Seonath subbasin. Seonath is the biggest tributary of Mahanadi river, and it carries a vast amount of sediment. The data is collected for Jondhra hydrological observation station from India-WRIS (Water Resources Information System) and IMD (Indian Meteorological Department). These data include the discharge, sediment concentration and rainfall for 10 years. In this study, sediment load is estimated from the input parameters (discharge, rainfall, and past sediment) in various combination of simulations. A sediment rating curve used the water discharge to estimate the sediment concentration. This estimated sediment concentration is converted to sediment load. Likewise, for the application of these data in ANN, they are normalised first and then fed in various combinations to yield the sediment load. RMSE (root mean square error) and R² (coefficient of determination) between the observed load and the estimated load are used as evaluating criteria. For an ideal model, RMSE is zero and R² is 1. However, as the models used in this study are black box models, they don’t carry the exact representation of the factors which causes sedimentation. Hence, a model which gives the lowest RMSE and highest R² is the best model in this study. The lowest values of RMSE (based on normalised data) for sediment rating curve, feed forward back propagation, cascade forward back propagation and neural network fitting are 0.043425, 0.00679781, 0.0050089 and 0.0043727 respectively. The corresponding values of R² are 0.8258, 0.9941, 0.9968 and 0.9976. This implies that a neural network fitting model is superior to the other models used in this study. However, a drawback of neural network fitting is that it produces few negative estimates, which is not at all tolerable in the field of estimation of sediment load, and hence this model can’t be crowned as the best model among others, based on this study. A cascade forward back propagation produces results much closer to a neural network model and hence this model is the best model based on the present study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title="artificial neural network">artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Root%20mean%20squared%20error" title=" Root mean squared error"> Root mean squared error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title=" sediment"> sediment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20rating%20curve" title=" sediment rating curve "> sediment rating curve </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88718/comparison-of-sediment-rating-curve-and-artificial-neural-network-in-simulation-of-suspended-sediment-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5302</span> Impact of Coal Mining on River Sediment Quality in the Sydney Basin, Australia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ali">A. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Strezov"> V. Strezov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Davies"> P. Davies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Wright"> I. Wright</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Kan"> T. Kan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The environmental impacts arising from mining activities affect the air, water, and soil quality. Impacts may result in unexpected and adverse environmental outcomes. This study reports on the impact of coal production on sediment in Sydney region of Australia. The sediment samples upstream and downstream from the discharge points from three mines were taken, and 80 parameters were tested. The results were assessed against sediment quality based on presence of metals. The study revealed the increment of metal content in the sediment downstream of the reference locations. In many cases, the sediment was above the Australia and New Zealand Environment Conservation Council and international sediment quality guidelines value (SQGV). The major outliers to the guidelines were nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20mine" title="coal mine">coal mine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impact" title=" environmental impact"> environmental impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=produced%20water" title=" produced water"> produced water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20quality%20guidelines%20value%20%28SQGV%29" title=" sediment quality guidelines value (SQGV)"> sediment quality guidelines value (SQGV)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67573/impact-of-coal-mining-on-river-sediment-quality-in-the-sydney-basin-australia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5301</span> Modeling Sediment Yield of Jido River in the Rift Vally</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawit%20%20Hailekrios%20Hailu">Dawit Hailekrios Hailu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this study is to predict the sediment yield of the Jido River Watershed. Jido River is the largest tributary and covers around 50% of the total catchment area of Lake Shala. This research is undertaken to analyze the sediment yield of the catchments, transport capacity of the streams and sediment deposition rates of Jido River, which is located in the Sub-basin of Shala Lake, Rift Valley Basin of Ethiopia. The input data were Meteorological, Hydrological, land use/land cover maps and soil maps collected from concerned government offices. The sediment yield of Jido River and sediment change of the streams discharging into the Shala Lake were modeled. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20yield" title="sediment yield">sediment yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watershed" title=" watershed"> watershed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calibration" title=" calibration"> calibration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183200/modeling-sediment-yield-of-jido-river-in-the-rift-vally" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5300</span> Estimation of Sediment Transport into a Reservoir Dam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiyoumars%20Roushangar">Kiyoumars Roushangar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeid%20Sadaghian"> Saeid Sadaghian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although accurate sediment load prediction is very important in planning, designing, operating and maintenance of water resources structures, the transport mechanism is complex, and the deterministic transport models are based on simplifying assumptions often lead to large prediction errors. In this research, firstly, two intelligent ANN methods, Radial Basis and General Regression Neural Networks, are adopted to model of total sediment load transport into Madani Dam reservoir (north of Iran) using the measured data and then applicability of the sediment transport methods developed by Engelund and Hansen, Ackers and White, Yang, and Toffaleti for predicting of sediment load discharge are evaluated. Based on comparison of the results, it is found that the GRNN model gives better estimates than the sediment rating curve and mentioned classic methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20transport" title="sediment transport">sediment transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dam%20reservoir" title=" dam reservoir"> dam reservoir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RBF" title=" RBF"> RBF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GRNN" title=" GRNN"> GRNN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10168/estimation-of-sediment-transport-into-a-reservoir-dam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10168.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5299</span> Comparative Assessment of Microplastic Pollution in Surface Water and Sediment of the Gomati and Saryu Rivers, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20K.%20Mishra">Amit K. Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaswant%20Singh"> Jaswant Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The menace of plastic, which significantly pollutes the aquatic environment, has emerged as a global problem. There is an emerging concern about microplastics (MPs) accumulation in aquatic ecosystems. It is familiar to everyone that the ultimate end for most of the plastic debris is the ocean. Rivers are the efficient carriers for transferring MPs from terrestrial to aquatic, further from upstream to downstream areas, and ultimately to oceans. The root cause study can provide an effective solution to a problem; hence, tracing of MPs in the riverine system can illustrate the long-term microplastic pollution. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and distribution of microplastic contamination in surface water and sediment of the two major river systems of Uttar Pradesh, India. One is the Gomti River, Lucknow, a tributary of the Ganga, and the second is the Saryu River, the lower part of the Ghagra River, which flows through the city of Ayodhya. In this study, the distribution and abundance of MPs in surface water and sediments of two rivers were compared. Samples of water and sediment were collected from different (four from each river) sampling stations in the river catchment of two rivers. Plastic particles were classified according to type, shape, and color. In this study, 1523 (average abundance 254) and 143 (average abundance 26) microplastics were identified in all studied sites in the Gomati River and Saryu River, respectively. Observations on samples of water showed that the average MPs concentration was 392 (±69.6) and 63 ((±18.9) particles per 50l of water, whereas the sediment sample showed that the average MPs concentration was 116 (±42.9) and 46 (±12.5) particles per 250gm of dry sediment in the Gomati River and Saryu River, respectively. The high concentration of microplastics in the Lucknow area can be attributed to human activities, population density, and the entry of various effluents into the river. Microplastics with fibrous shapes were dominated, followed by fragment shapes in all the samples. The present study is a pioneering effort to count MPs in the Gomati and Saryu River systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freshwater" title="freshwater">freshwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gomati" title=" Gomati"> Gomati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microplastics" title=" microplastics"> microplastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saryu" title=" Saryu"> Saryu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title=" sediment"> sediment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166076/comparative-assessment-of-microplastic-pollution-in-surface-water-and-sediment-of-the-gomati-and-saryu-rivers-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5298</span> Grain Size Characteristics and Sediments Distribution in the Eastern Part of Lekki Lagoon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayowa%20Philips%20Ibitola">Mayowa Philips Ibitola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abe%20Oluwaseun%20Banji"> Abe Oluwaseun Banji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olorunfemi%20Akinade-Solomon"> Olorunfemi Akinade-Solomon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A total of 20 bottom sediment samples were collected from the Lekki Lagoon during the wet and dry season. The study was carried out to determine the textural characteristics, sediment distribution pattern and energy of transportation within the lagoon system. The sediment grain sizes and depth profiling was analyzed using dry sieving method and MATLAB algorithm for processing. The granulometric reveals fine grained sand both for the wet and dry season with an average mean value of 2.03 ϕ and -2.88 ϕ, respectively. Sediments were moderately sorted with an average inclusive standard deviation of 0.77 ϕ and -0.82 ϕ. Skewness varied from strongly coarse and near symmetrical 0.34- ϕ and 0.09 ϕ. The kurtosis average value was 0.87 ϕ and -1.4 ϕ (platykurtic and leptokurtic). Entirely, the bathymetry shows an average depth of 4.0 m. The deepest and shallowest area has a depth of 11.2 m and 0.5 m, respectively. High concentration of fine sand was observed at deep areas compared to the shallow areas during wet and dry season. Statistical parameter results show that the overall sediments are sorted, and deposited under low energy condition over a long distance. However, sediment distribution and sediment transport pattern of Lekki Lagoon is controlled by a low energy current and the down slope configuration of the bathymetry enhances the sorting and the deposition rate in the Lekki Lagoon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lekki%20Lagoon" title="Lekki Lagoon">Lekki Lagoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marine%20sediment" title=" Marine sediment"> Marine sediment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bathymetry" title=" bathymetry"> bathymetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain%20size%20distribution" title=" grain size distribution"> grain size distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58166/grain-size-characteristics-and-sediments-distribution-in-the-eastern-part-of-lekki-lagoon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58166.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5297</span> Estimation of Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield for ONG River Using GIS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Kumar%20Behera">Sanjay Kumar Behera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanhu%20Charan%20Patra"> Kanhu Charan Patra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A GIS-based method has been applied for the determination of soil erosion and sediment yield in a small watershed in Ong River basin, Odisha, India. The method involves spatial disintegration of the catchment into homogenous grid cells to capture the catchment heterogeneity. The gross soil erosion in each cell was calculated using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) by carefully determining its various parameters. The concept of sediment delivery ratio is used to route surface erosion from each of the discretized cells to the catchment outlet. The process of sediment delivery from grid cells to the catchment outlet is represented by the topographical characteristics of the cells. The effect of DEM resolution on sediment yield is analyzed using two different resolutions of DEM. The spatial discretization of the catchment and derivation of the physical parameters related to erosion in the cell are performed through GIS techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DEM" title="DEM">DEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20delivery%20ratio" title=" sediment delivery ratio"> sediment delivery ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20yield" title=" sediment yield"> sediment yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20erosion" title=" soil erosion"> soil erosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21590/estimation-of-soil-erosion-and-sediment-yield-for-ong-river-using-gis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21590.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5296</span> On the Fixed Rainfall Intensity: Effects on Overland Flow Resistance, Shear Velocity and on Soil Erosion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Mouzai">L. Mouzai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bouhadef"> M. Bouhadef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Raindrops and overland flow both are erosive parameters but they do not act by the same way. The overland flow alone tends to shear the soil horizontally and concentrates into rills. In the presence of rain, the soil particles are removed from the soil surface in the form of a uniform sheet layer. In addition to this, raindrops falling on the flow roughen the water and soil surface depending on the flow depth, and retard the velocity, therefore influence shear velocity and Manning’s factor. To investigate this part, agricultural sandy soil, rainfall simulator and a laboratory soil tray of 0.2x1x3 m were the base of this work. Five overland flow depths of 0; 3.28; 4.28; 5.16; 5.60; 5.80 mm were generated under a rainfall intensity of 217.2 mm/h. Sediment concentration control is based on the proportionality of depth/microtopography. The soil loose is directly related to the presence of rain splash on thin sheet flow. The effect of shear velocity on sediment concentration is limited by the value of 5.28 cm/s. In addition to this, the rain splash reduces the soil roughness by breaking the soil crests. The rainfall intensity is the major factor influencing depth and soil erosion. In the presence of rainfall, the shear velocity of the flow is due to two simultaneous effects. The first, which is horizontal, comes from the flow and the second, vertical, is due to the raindrops. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20resistance" title="flow resistance">flow resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory%20experiments" title=" laboratory experiments"> laboratory experiments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rainfall%20simulator" title=" rainfall simulator"> rainfall simulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20concentration" title=" sediment concentration"> sediment concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20velocity" title=" shear velocity"> shear velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20erosion" title=" soil erosion"> soil erosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82400/on-the-fixed-rainfall-intensity-effects-on-overland-flow-resistance-shear-velocity-and-on-soil-erosion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82400.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5295</span> Experimental Study of the Modifications of the Bed of a River under Extreme Flow Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ghenaim">A. Ghenaim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Terfous"> A. Terfous</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, degradation phenomena in fluvial beds having uniform sediments are explored experimentally under extreme flow conditions. Laboratory experiments were conducted in a rectangular cross-section channel for different flow conditions, channel characteristics, and sediment properties at the National Institute of Applied Sciences (Strasbourg, France). Tests were carried out in two conditions: (1) equilibrium condition, where, once the steady and uniform flow conditions were achieved for a given slope and discharge, the channel was fed with variable sediment discharges until the bed-load sediment transport achieved an equilibrium condition; and (2) nonequilibrium condition, where the sediment feeding was instantaneously stopped, and the bed levels were measured over time. Experimental results enabled assessing the erosion rates and determining the empirical mathematical model to predict the bed level changes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluvial%20beds" title="fluvial beds">fluvial beds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title=" sediment"> sediment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniform%20flow%20conditions" title=" uniform flow conditions"> uniform flow conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonequilibrium%20condition" title=" nonequilibrium condition"> nonequilibrium condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20disposition" title=" sediment disposition"> sediment disposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion" title=" erosion"> erosion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156505/experimental-study-of-the-modifications-of-the-bed-of-a-river-under-extreme-flow-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5294</span> Hydro-Mechanical Characterization of PolyChlorinated Biphenyls Polluted Sediments in Interaction with Geomaterials for Landfilling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Chahal">Hadi Chahal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irini%20Djeran-Maigre"> Irini Djeran-Maigre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the hydro-mechanical behavior of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) polluted sediments when stored in landfills and the interaction between PCBs and geosynthetic clay liners (GCL) with respect to hydraulic performance of the liner and the overall performance and stability of landfills. A European decree, adopted in the French regulation forbids the reintroducing of contaminated dredged sediments containing more than 0,64mg/kg Σ 7 PCBs to rivers. At these concentrations, sediments are considered hazardous and a remediation process must be adopted to prevent the release of PCBs into the environment. Dredging and landfilling polluted sediments is considered an eco-environmental remediation solution. French regulations authorize the storage of PCBs contaminated components with less than 50mg/kg in municipal solid waste facilities. Contaminant migration via leachate may be possible. The interactions between PCBs contaminated sediments and the GCL barrier present in the bottom of a landfill for security confinement are not known. Moreover, the hydro-mechanical behavior of stored sediments may affect the performance and the stability of the landfill. In this article, hydro-mechanical characterization of the polluted sediment is presented. This characterization led to predict the behavior of the sediment at the storage site. Chemical testing showed that the concentration of PCBs in sediment samples is between 1.7 and 2,0 mg/kg. Physical characterization showed that the sediment is organic silty sand soil (%Silt=65, %Sand=27, %OM=8) characterized by a high plasticity index (Ip=37%). Permeability tests using permeameter and filter press showed that sediment permeability is in the order of 10-9 m/s. Compressibility tests showed that the sediment is a very compressible soil with Cc=0,53 and Cα =0,0086. In addition, effects of PCB on the swelling behavior of bentonite were studied and the hydraulic performance of the GCL in interaction with PCBs was examined. Swelling tests showed that PCBs don’t affect the swelling behavior of bentonite. Permeability tests were conducted on a 1.0 m pilot scale experiment, simulating a storage facility. PCBs contaminated sediments were directly placed over a passive barrier containing GCL to study the influence of the direct contact of polluted sediment leachate with the GCL. An automatic water system has been designed to simulate precipitation. Effluent quantity and quality have been examined. The sediment settlements and the water level in the sediment have been monitored. The results showed that desiccation affected the behavior of the sediment in the pilot test and that laboratory tests alone are not sufficient to predict the behavior of the sediment in landfill facility. Furthermore, the concentration of PCB in the sediment leachate was very low ( < 0,013 µg/l) and that the permeability of the GCL was affected by other components present in the sediment leachate. Desiccation and cracks were the main parameters that affected the hydro-mechanical behavior of the sediment in the pilot test. In order to reduce these infects, the polluted sediment should be stored at a water content inferior to its shrinkage limit (w=39%). We also propose to conduct other pilot tests with the maximum concentration of PCBs allowed in municipal solid waste facility of 50 mg/kg. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geosynthetic%20clay%20liners" title="geosynthetic clay liners">geosynthetic clay liners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landfill" title=" landfill"> landfill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polychlorinated%20biphenyl" title=" polychlorinated biphenyl"> polychlorinated biphenyl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polluted%20dredged%20materials" title=" polluted dredged materials"> polluted dredged materials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80505/hydro-mechanical-characterization-of-polychlorinated-biphenyls-polluted-sediments-in-interaction-with-geomaterials-for-landfilling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5293</span> Modeling Sediment Yield Using the SWAT Model: A Case Study of Upper Ankara River Basin, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umit%20Duru">Umit Duru</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was tested for prediction of water balance and sediment yield in the Ankara gauged basin, Turkey. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and applicability of the SWAT in this region of Turkey. Thirteen years of monthly stream flow, and suspended sediment, data were used for calibration and validation. This research assessed model performance based on differences between observed and predicted suspended sediment yield during calibration (1987-1996) and validation (1982-1984) periods. Statistical comparisons of suspended sediment produced values for NSE (Nash Sutcliffe efficiency), RE (relative error), and R² (coefficient of determination), of 0.81, -1.55, and 0.93, respectively, during the calibration period, and NSE, RE (%), and R² of 0.77, -2.61, and 0.87, respectively, during the validation period. Based on the analyses, SWAT satisfactorily simulated observed hydrology and sediment yields and can be used as a tool in decision making for water resources planning and management in the basin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calibration" title="calibration">calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20yield" title=" sediment yield"> sediment yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWAT" title=" SWAT"> SWAT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title=" validation"> validation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55249/modeling-sediment-yield-using-the-swat-model-a-case-study-of-upper-ankara-river-basin-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55249.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5292</span> Heavy Metals Concentration in Sediments Along the Ports, Samoa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Imo">T. Imo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Lat%C5%AB"> F. Latū</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Aloi"> S. Aloi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Leung-Wai"> J. Leung-Wai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Vaurasi"> V. Vaurasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Amosa"> P. Amosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Sheikh"> M. A. Sheikh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Contamination of heavy metals in coral reefs and coastal areas is a serious ecotoxicological and environmental problem due to direct runoff from anthropogenic wastes, commercial vessels, and discharge from industrial effluents. In Samoa, the information on the ecotoxicological impact of heavy metals on sediments is limited. This study presents baseline data on the concentration and distribution of heavy metals in sediments collected along the commercial and fishing ports in Samoa. Surface sediment samples were collected within the months of August-October 2013 from the 5 sites along the 2 ports. Sieved sample fractions were used for the evaluation of sediment physicochemical parameters namely pH, conductivity, organic matter, and bicarbonates of calcium. Heavy metal (Cu, Pb) analysis was achieved by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Two heavy metals (Cu, Pb) were detected from each port with some concentration below the WHO permissible maximum concentration of environment quality standard. The results obtained from this study advocate for further studies regarding emerging threats of heavy metals on the vital marine resources which have significant importance to the livelihood of coastal societies, particularly Small Island States including Samoa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coastal%20environment" title="coastal environment">coastal environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediments" title=" sediments"> sediments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32375/heavy-metals-concentration-in-sediments-along-the-ports-samoa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5291</span> Hydrological Modelling to Identify Critical Erosion Areas in Gheshlagh Dam Basin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Golaleh%20Ghaffari">Golaleh Ghaffari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A basin sediment yield refers to the amount of sediment exported by a basin over a period of time, which will enter a reservoir located at the downstream limit of the basin. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT, 2008) was used to hydrology and sediment transport modeling at daily and monthly time steps within the Gheshlagh dam basin in north-west of Iran. The SWAT model and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques were applied to evaluate basin hydrology and sediment yield using historical flow and sediment data and to identify and prioritize critical sub-basins based on sediment transport. The results of this study indicated that simulated daily discharge and sediment values matched the observed values satisfactorily. The model predicted that mean annual basin precipitation for the total study period (413 mm) was partitioned in to evapotranspiration (36%), percolation/groundwater recharge (21%) and stream water (25%), yielding 18% surface runoff. Potential source areas of erosion were also identified with the model. The range of the annual contributing erosive zones varied spatially from 0.1 to 103 t/ha according to the slope and land use at the basin scale. Also the fifteen sub basins create the 60% of the total sediment yield between the all (102) sub basins. The results of the study indicated that SWAT can be a useful tool for assessing hydrology and sediment yield response of the watersheds in the region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion" title="erosion">erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gheshlagh%20dam" title=" Gheshlagh dam"> Gheshlagh dam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20yield" title=" sediment yield"> sediment yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWAT" title=" SWAT "> SWAT </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33372/hydrological-modelling-to-identify-critical-erosion-areas-in-gheshlagh-dam-basin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5290</span> Analysis of Sediment Distribution around Karang Sela Coral Reef Using Multibeam Backscatter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Razak%20Zakariya">Razak Zakariya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazliana%20Mustajap"> Fazliana Mustajap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lenny%20Sharinee%20Sakai"> Lenny Sharinee Sakai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A sediment map is quite important in the marine environment. The sediment itself contains thousands of information that can be used for other research. This study was conducted by using a multibeam echo sounder Reson T20 on 15 August 2020 at the Karang Sela (coral reef area) at Pulau Bidong. The study aims to identify the sediment type around the coral reef by using bathymetry and backscatter data. The sediment in the study area was collected as ground truthing data to verify the classification of the seabed. A dry sieving method was used to analyze the sediment sample by using a sieve shaker. PDS 2000 software was used for data acquisition, and Qimera QPS version 2.4.5 was used for processing the bathymetry data. Meanwhile, FMGT QPS version 7.10 processes the backscatter data. Then, backscatter data were analyzed by using the maximum likelihood classification tool in ArcGIS version 10.8 software. The result identified three types of sediments around the coral which were very coarse sand, coarse sand, and medium sand. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20type" title="sediment type">sediment type</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MBES%20echo%20sounder" title=" MBES echo sounder"> MBES echo sounder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backscatter" title=" backscatter"> backscatter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ArcGIS" title=" ArcGIS"> ArcGIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160228/analysis-of-sediment-distribution-around-karang-sela-coral-reef-using-multibeam-backscatter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5289</span> Numerical Modeling of Waves and Currents by Using a Hydro-Sedimentary Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustapha%20Kamel%20Mihoubi">Mustapha Kamel Mihoubi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hocine%20Dahmani"> Hocine Dahmani </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over recent years much progress has been achieved in the fields of numerical modeling shoreline processes: waves, currents, waves and current. However, there are still some problems in the existing models to link the on the first, the hydrodynamics of waves and currents and secondly, the sediment transport processes and due to the variability in time, space and interaction and the simultaneous action of wave-current near the shore. This paper is the establishment of a numerical modeling to forecast the sediment transport from development scenarios of harbor structure. It is established on the basis of a numerical simulation of a water-sediment model via a 2D model using a set of codes calculation MIKE 21-DHI software. This is to examine the effect of the sediment transport drivers following the dominant incident wave in the direction to pass input harbor work under different variants planning studies to find the technical and economic limitations to the sediment transport and protection of the harbor structure optimum solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swell" title="swell">swell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current" title=" current"> current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation" title=" radiation"> radiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesh" title=" mesh"> mesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mike21" title=" mike21"> mike21</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title=" sediment"> sediment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16069/numerical-modeling-of-waves-and-currents-by-using-a-hydro-sedimentary-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16069.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5288</span> Spatial Distribution of Natural Radionuclides in Soil, Sediment and Waters in Oil Producing Areas in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20O.%20Avwiri">G. O. Avwiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20O.%20Agbalagba"> E. O. Agbalagba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20P.%20Ononugbo"> C. P. Ononugbo </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Activity concentrations of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) in the soil, sediment and water of oil producing communities in Delta and Rivers States were determined using γ-ray spectrometry. The mean soil/sediment activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in onshore west in Delta state is 40.2±5.1Bqkg-1, 29.9±4.2Bqkg-1 and 361.5±20.0Bqkg-1 respectively, the corresponding values obtained in onshore east1 of Rivers state is 20.9±2.8Bqkg-1, 19.4±2.5Bqkg-1and 260.0±14.1Bqkg-1 respectively. While the mean activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in onshore east2 of Rivers state is 29.3±3.5Bqkg-1, 21.6±2.6Bqkg-1 and 262.1±14.6Bqkg-1 respectively. These values obtained show enhanced NORMs but are well within the world range. All the radiation hazard indices examined in soil have mean values lower than their maximum permissible limits. In drinking water, the obtained average values of226Ra, 228Ra and 40K is 8.4±0.9, 7.3±0.7 and 29.9±2.2Bql-1 respectively for well water, 4.5±0.6, 5.1±0.4 and 20.9±2.0Bql-1 respectively for borehole water and 11.3±1.2, 8.5±0.7 and 32.4±3.7Bql-1 respectively for river water in onshore west. For onshore east1, average activity concentration of 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K is 8.3±1.0, 8.6±1.1 and 39.6±3.3Bql-1 respectively for well water, 3.8±0.8, 4.9±0.6 and 35.7±4.1Bql-1 respectively for borehole water and 5.5±0.8, 5.4±0.7 and 36.9±3.8Bql-1 respectively for river water. While in onshore east2 average value of 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K is 10.1±1.1, 8.3±1.0 and 50.0±3.9Bql-1 respectively for well water, 4.7±0.9, 4.0±0.4 and 28.8±3.0Bql-1 respectively for borehole water and 7.7±0.9, 6.1±0.8 and 27.1±2.9Bql-1 respectively for river water and the average activity concentrations in the produced water226Ra, 228Ra and 40K is 5.182.14Bql-1, 6.042.48Bql-1 and 48.7813.67Bql-1 respectively. These values obtained are well above world average values of 1.0, 0.1 and 10Bql-1 for 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K respectively, those of the control site values and most reported values around the world. Though the hazard indices (Raeq, Hex, Hin) examined in water is still within the tolerable level, the committed effective dose estimated are above ICPR 0.1 mSvy-1 permissible limits. The overall results show that soil and sediment in the area are safe radiologically, but the result indicates some level of water pollution in the studied area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radioactivity" title="radioactivity">radioactivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20and%20water" title=" sediment and water"> sediment and water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niger%20Delta" title=" Niger Delta"> Niger Delta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20detector" title=" gamma detector"> gamma detector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26627/spatial-distribution-of-natural-radionuclides-in-soil-sediment-and-waters-in-oil-producing-areas-in-niger-delta-region-of-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5287</span> Contribution to the Study of the Rill Density Effects on Soil Erosion: Laboratory Experiments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Mouzai">L. Mouzai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bouhadef"> M. Bouhadef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rills begin to be generated once overland flow shear capacity overcomes the soil surface resistance. This resistance depends on soil texture, the arrangement of soil particles and on chemical and physical properties. The rill density could affect soil erosion, especially when the distance between the rills (interrill) contributes to the variation of the rill characteristics, and consequently on sediment concentration. To investigate this point, agricultural sandy soil, a soil tray of 0.2x1x3m³ and a piece of hardwood rectangular in shape to build up rills were the base of this work. The results have shown that small lines have been developed between the rills and the flow acceleration increased in comparison to the flow on the flat surface (interrill). Sediment concentration increased with increasing rill number (density). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20rainfall" title="artificial rainfall">artificial rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiments" title=" experiments"> experiments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rills" title=" rills"> rills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20erosion" title=" soil erosion"> soil erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20capacity" title=" transport capacity"> transport capacity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101222/contribution-to-the-study-of-the-rill-density-effects-on-soil-erosion-laboratory-experiments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101222.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5286</span> Ecological Effects of Oil Spill on Water and Sediment from Two Riverine Communities in Warri</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doris%20Fovwe%20Ogeleka">Doris Fovwe Ogeleka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20E.%20Tudararo-Aherobo"> L. E. Tudararo-Aherobo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20E.%20Okieimen"> F. E. Okieimen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ecological effects of oil spill in the environment were studied in Warri riverine areas of Ubeji and Jeddo, Delta State. In the two communities, water and sediment samples were analysed for organics (polyaromatic hydrocarbon; total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)) and heavy metals (lead, copper, zinc, iron and chromium). The American Public Health Association (APHA) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods were employed for the laboratory test. The results indicated that after a long period of oil spill (above one year), there were still significant concentrations (p<0.05) of organics indicating hydrocarbon pollution. Mean concentrations recorded for TPH in Ubeji and Jeddo waters were 23.60 ± 1.18 mg/L and 29.96 ± 0.14 mg/L respectively while total PAHs was 0.009 ± 0.002 mg/L and 0.008 ± 0.001 mg/L. Mean concentrations of TPH in the sediment was 48.83 ± 1.49 ppm and 1093 ± 74 ppm in the above order while total PAHs was 0.012 ± 0.002 ppm and 0.026 ± 0.004 ppm. Low concentrations were recorded for most of the heavy metals in the water and sediment. The observed concentrations of hydrocarbons in the study areas should provide the impetus for regulatory surveillance of oil discharged intentionally/unintentionally into the Warri riverine waters and sediment since hydrocarbon released into the environment sorb to the sediment particles where they cause harm to organisms in the sediment and overlying waters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20oil" title="crude oil">crude oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PAHs" title=" PAHs"> PAHs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TPH" title=" TPH"> TPH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20spillage" title=" oil spillage"> oil spillage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title=" sediment"> sediment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15552/ecological-effects-of-oil-spill-on-water-and-sediment-from-two-riverine-communities-in-warri" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5285</span> Analysis of Bed Load Sediment Transport Mataram-Babarsari Irrigation Canal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agatha%20Padma%20Laksitaningtyas">Agatha Padma Laksitaningtyas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumiyati%20Gunawan"> Sumiyati Gunawan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mataram Irrigation Canal has 31,2 km length, is the main irrigation canal in Special Region Province of Yogyakarta, connecting Progo River on the west side and Opak River on the east side. It has an important role as the main water carrier distribution for various purposes such as agriculture, fishery, and plantation which should be free from sediment material. Bed Load Sediment is the basic sediment that will make the sediment process on the irrigation canal. Sediment process is a simultaneous event that can make deposition sediment at the base of irrigation canal and can make the height of elevation water change, it will affect the availability of water to be used for irrigation functions. To predict the amount of drowning sediments in the irrigation canal using two methods: Meyer-Peter and Muller’s Method which is an energy approach method and Einstein Method which is a probabilistic approach. Speed measurement using floating method and using current meters. The channel geometry is measured directly in the field. The basic sediment of the channel is taken in the field by taking three samples from three different points. The result of the research shows that by using the formula Meyer -Peter Muller get the result of 60,75799 kg/s, whereas with Einsten’s Method get result of 13,06461 kg/s. the results may serve as a reference for dredging the sediments on the channel so as not to disrupt the flow of water in irrigation canal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bed%20load" title="bed load">bed load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment" title=" sediment"> sediment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation" title=" irrigation"> irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mataram%20canal" title=" Mataram canal"> Mataram canal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82951/analysis-of-bed-load-sediment-transport-mataram-babarsari-irrigation-canal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5284</span> Investigating Reservior Sedimentation Control in the Conservation of Water </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mosupi%20Ratshaa">Mosupi Ratshaa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite years of diligent study, sedimentation is still undoubtedly the most severe technical problem faced by the dam industry. The problem of sedimentation build-up and its removal should be the focus as an approach to remedy this. The world's reservoirs lose about 1% of their storage capacity yearly to sedimentation, what this means is that 1% of water that could be stored is lost the world-over. The increase in population means that the need for water also increases and, therefore, the loss due to sedimentation is of great concern especially to the conservation of water. When it comes to reservoir sedimentation, the thought of water conservation comes with soil conservation since this increasing sediment that takes the volume meant for water is being lost from dry land. For this reason, reservoir sediment control is focused on reducing sediment entering the reservoir and reducing sediment within the reservoir. There are many problems with sediment control such as the difficulty to predict settling patterns, inability to greatly reduce the sediment volume entering the river flow which increases the reservoirs trap efficiency just to mention a few. Notably reservoirs are habitats for flora and fauna, the process of removing sediment from these reservoirs damages this ecosystem so there is an ethical point to be considered in this section. This paper looks at the methods used to control the sedimentation of reservoirs and their effects to the ecosystem in the aim of reducing water losses due to sedimentation. Various control measures which reduce sediment entering the reservoir such as Sabo dams or Check dams along with measures which emphasize the reduction in built-up settled sediment such as flushing will be reviewed all with the prospect of conservation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sedimentation" title="sedimentation">sedimentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation" title=" conservation"> conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecosystem" title=" ecosystem"> ecosystem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flushing" title=" flushing "> flushing </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35796/investigating-reservior-sedimentation-control-in-the-conservation-of-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5283</span> Elemental and Magnetic Properties of Bed Sediment of Siang River, a Major River of Brahmaputra Basin </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Dixit">Abhishek Dixit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandip%20S.%20Sathe"> Sandip S. Sathe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandan%20Mahanta"> Chandan Mahanta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Siang river originates in Angsi glacier in southern Tibet (there known as the Yarlung Tsangpo). After traveling through Indus-Tsangpo suture zone and deep gorges near Namcha Barwa peak, it takes a south-ward turn and enters India, where it is known as Siang river and becomes a major tributary of the Brahmaputra in Assam plains. In this study, we have analyzed the bed sediment of the Siang river at two locations (one at extreme upstream near the India-China border and one downstream before Siang Brahmaputra confluence). We have also sampled bed sediment at the remote location of Yammeng river, an eastern tributary of Siang. The magnetic hysteresis properties show the combination of paramagnetic and weak ferromagnetic behavior with a multidomain state. Moreover, curie temperature analysis shows titanomagnetite solid solution series, which is causing the weak ferromagnetic signature. Given that the magnetic mineral was in a multidomain state, the presence of Ti, Fe carrying heave mineral, may be inferred. The Chemical index of alteration shows less weathered sediment. However, the Yammeng river sample being close to source shows fresh grains subjected to physical weathering and least chemically alteration. Enriched Ca and K and depleted Na and Mg with respect to upper continental crust concentration also points toward the less intense chemical weathering along with the dominance of calcite weathering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bed%20sediment" title="bed sediment">bed sediment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20properties" title=" magnetic properties"> magnetic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siang" title=" Siang"> Siang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weathering" title=" weathering"> weathering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126630/elemental-and-magnetic-properties-of-bed-sediment-of-siang-river-a-major-river-of-brahmaputra-basin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5282</span> Modeling Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield in Geba Catchment, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gebremedhin%20Kiros">Gebremedhin Kiros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amba%20Shetty"> Amba Shetty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakshman%20Nandagiri"> Lakshman Nandagiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil erosion is a major threat to the sustainability of land and water resources in the catchment and there is a need to identify critical areas of erosion so that suitable conservation measures may be adopted. The present study was taken up to understand the temporal and spatial distribution of soil erosion and daily sediment yield in Geba catchment (5137 km2) located in the Northern Highlands of Ethiopia. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied to the Geba catchment using data pertaining to rainfall, climate, soils, topography and land use/land cover (LU/LC) for the historical period 2000-2013. LU/LC distribution in the catchment was characterized using LANDSAT satellite imagery and the GIS-based ArcSWAT version of the model. The model was calibrated and validated using sediment concentration measurements made at the catchment outlet. The catchment was divided into 13 sub-basins and based on estimated soil erosion, these were prioritized on the basis of susceptibility to soil erosion. Model results indicated that the average sediment yield estimated of the catchment was 12.23 tons/ha/yr. The generated soil loss map indicated that a large portion of the catchment has high erosion rates resulting in significantly large sediment yield at the outlet. Steep and unstable terrain, the occurrence of highly erodible soils and low vegetation cover appeared to favor high soil erosion. Results obtained from this study prove useful in adopting in targeted soil and water conservation measures and promote sustainable management of natural resources in the Geba and similar catchments in the region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geba%20catchment" title=" Geba catchment"> Geba catchment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MUSLE" title=" MUSLE"> MUSLE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20yield" title=" sediment yield"> sediment yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWAT%20Model" title=" SWAT Model"> SWAT Model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62392/modeling-soil-erosion-and-sediment-yield-in-geba-catchment-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20concentration&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20concentration&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20concentration&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20concentration&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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