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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #Ededed;"><span class="nowrap">Supreme Court of the United States</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/180px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/270px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/360px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #aaa;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-lat="38.890555555556" data-lon="-77.004444444444" data-overlays="["_9b58af5fcb5ca9aa9d554646723a3223169215d1"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/13/38.890555555556/-77.004444444444/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,38.890555555556,-77.004444444444,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases%2C_volume_304&revid=1255547697&groups=_9b58af5fcb5ca9aa9d554646723a3223169215d1" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,38.890555555556,-77.004444444444,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases%2C_volume_304&revid=1255547697&groups=_9b58af5fcb5ca9aa9d554646723a3223169215d1 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_304&params=38_53_26_N_77_00_16_W_type:landmark_region:US-DC"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°53′26″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°00′16″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.89056°N 77.00444°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.89056; -77.00444</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">March 4, 1789<span class="noprint">; 235 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1789-03-04</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_304&params=38_53_26_N_77_00_16_W_type:landmark_region:US-DC"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°53′26″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°00′16″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.89056°N 77.00444°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.89056; -77.00444</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Composition method</th><td class="infobox-data">Presidential nomination with Senate <a href="/wiki/Advice_and_consent" title="Advice and consent">confirmation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Authorised by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a>, Art. III, §<span class="nowrap"> </span>1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Judge term length</th><td class="infobox-data">life tenure, subject to <a href="/wiki/Federal_impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Federal impeachment in the United States">impeachment</a> and removal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of positions</th><td class="infobox-data">9 (by statute)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supremecourt.gov">supremecourt<wbr />.gov</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216540692">.mw-parser-output .SCOTUS-series .sidebar-heading{background:#ccccff}.mw-parser-output .SCOTUS-series .sidebar-content{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .SCOTUS-series .sidebar-below{border-top:thin solid #aaa}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks SCOTUS-series"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court<br />of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/225px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/300px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> The Court</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="History of the Supreme Court of the United States">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procedures_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States">Procedures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomination_and_confirmation_to_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Nomination and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States">Nomination and confirmation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Judiciary_Committee_reviews_of_nominations_to_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Senate Judiciary Committee reviews of nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States">Judiciary Committee review</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideological_leanings_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_justices" title="Ideological leanings of United States Supreme Court justices">Ideological leanings of justices</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases" title="Lists of United States Supreme Court cases">Lists of decisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court_Building" title="United States Supreme Court Building">Supreme Court building</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Current membership</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate justices</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Samuel Alito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Elena Kagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Neil Gorsuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Brett Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Amy Coney Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States#Retired_justices" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Retired justices</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Anthony Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Souter" title="David Souter">David Souter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Stephen Breyer</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lists of justices</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">List of all justices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_by_court_composition" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States by court composition">by court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_justices_by_time_in_office" title="List of United States Supreme Court justices by time in office">by time in office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_by_seat" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States by seat">by seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_schools_attended_by_United_States_Supreme_Court_justices" title="List of law schools attended by United States Supreme Court justices">by education</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States#List_of_chief_justices" title="Chief Justice of the United States">List of chief justices</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States#List_of_associate_justices" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">List of associate justices</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Specialty lists</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_nominations_to_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="List of nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States">All nominations</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Unsuccessful_nominations_to_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Unsuccessful nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States">Unsuccessful nominations</a></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_confirmation_votes_for_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="List of confirmation votes for the Supreme Court of the United States">Confirmation votes</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._Supreme_Court_justices_who_also_served_in_the_U.S._Congress" title="List of U.S. Supreme Court justices who also served in the U.S. Congress">Justices who served in Congress</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_burial_places_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="List of burial places of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">Burial places of justices</a></dd></dl></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Court functionaries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Clerk of the Supreme Court of the United States">Clerks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reporter_of_Decisions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Reporter of Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States">Reporter of Decisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court" title="Marshal of the United States Supreme Court">Marshal of the Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_Police" title="Supreme Court Police">Supreme Court Police</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_supreme_courts" title="Category:National supreme courts">Other countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law Portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Scale_of_justice_2.svg/150px-Scale_of_justice_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Scale_of_justice_2.svg/200px-Scale_of_justice_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="204" data-file-height="208" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#f5f5dc"> Overview</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="List of amendments to the Constitution of the United States">Amendments</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="History of the United States Constitution">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_review_in_the_United_States" title="Judicial review in the United States">Judicial review</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#f5f5dc"> Principles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution">Separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_right#United_States" title="Constitutional right">Individual rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law#United_States" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_footing" title="Equal footing">Equal footing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_review" title="Standard of review">Tiers of scrutiny</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#f5f5dc"> Government structure</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Legislative branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">Executive branch</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Judicial branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">State government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">Local government</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#f5f5dc"> Individual rights</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of religion in the United States">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of speech in the United States">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of the press in the United States">Freedom of the press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly" title="Freedom of assembly">Freedom of assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_petition_in_the_United_States" title="Right to petition in the United States">Right to petition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association#United_States_Constitution" title="Freedom of association">Freedom of association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Right to keep and bear arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juries_in_the_United_States" title="Juries in the United States">Right to trial by jury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_constitutional_criminal_procedure" title="United States constitutional criminal procedure">Criminal procedural rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privacy_laws_of_the_United_States" title="Privacy laws of the United States">Right to privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Freedom from slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Due_Process_Clause" title="Due Process Clause">Due process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause" title="Equal Protection Clause">Equal protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Voting rights in the United States">Voting rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballot_access" title="Ballot access">Right to candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagueness_doctrine" title="Vagueness doctrine">Comprehensible rules</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#f5f5dc"> Theory</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Living_Constitution" title="Living Constitution">Living Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Originalism" title="Originalism">Originalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_due_process" title="Substantive due process">Substantive due process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_process_theory_(law)" title="Political process theory (law)">Political process theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_restraint" title="Judicial restraint">Judicial restraint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purposive_approach" title="Purposive approach">Purposivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textualism" title="Textualism">Textualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strict_constructionism" title="Strict constructionism">Strict constructionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_good_constitutionalism" title="Common good constitutionalism">Common good constitutionalism</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_constitutional_law" title="Template:United States constitutional law"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_constitutional_law" title="Template talk:United States constitutional law"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_constitutional_law" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States constitutional law"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This is a <b>list of cases reported in volume 304 of <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">United States Reports</a></i></b>, decided by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> in 1938. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_at_the_time_of_volume_304_U.S.">Justices of the Supreme Court at the time of volume 304 U.S.</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_304&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Justices of the Supreme Court at the time of volume 304 U.S."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_justices_by_time_in_office" title="List of United States Supreme Court justices by time in office">List of United States Supreme Court justices by time in office</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_by_court_composition" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States by court composition">List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States by court composition</a></div> <p>The Supreme Court is established by <a href="/wiki/Article_Three_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Three of the United States Constitution">Article III, Section 1</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a>, which says: "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court . . .". The size of the Court is not specified; the Constitution leaves it to <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the United States">Congress</a> to set the number of justices. Under the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1789" title="Judiciary Act of 1789">Judiciary Act of 1789</a> Congress originally fixed the number of justices at six (one chief justice and five associate justices).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1789 Congress has varied the size of the Court from six to <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Circuit_Act_of_1807" title="Seventh Circuit Act of 1807">seven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eighth_and_Ninth_Circuits_Act_of_1837" title="Eighth and Ninth Circuits Act of 1837">nine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Circuit_Act_of_1863" title="Tenth Circuit Act of 1863">ten</a>, and back to <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1869" title="Judiciary Act of 1869">nine</a> justices (always including one chief justice). </p><p>When the cases in volume 304 were decided the Court comprised the following nine members: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width: 10px;">Portrait </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 10px;">Justice </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 10px;">Office </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 10px;">Home State </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 10px;">Succeeded </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 10px;">Date confirmed by the Senate<br />(Vote) </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 10px;">Tenure on Supreme Court </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401.jpg/75px-Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401.jpg/113px-Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401.jpg/150px-Charles_Evans_Hughes_cph.3b15401.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1153" data-file-height="1479" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Chief Justice</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001930-02-13-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 13, 1930</span><br />(52–26) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001930-02-24-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 24, 1930</span><br />–<br />June 30, 1941<br /><small>(Retired)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jamescmcreynolds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Jamescmcreynolds.jpg/75px-Jamescmcreynolds.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Jamescmcreynolds.jpg/113px-Jamescmcreynolds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Jamescmcreynolds.jpg/150px-Jamescmcreynolds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="567" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_McReynolds" title="James Clark McReynolds">James Clark McReynolds</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Horace_Harmon_Lurton" title="Horace Harmon Lurton">Horace Harmon Lurton</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001914-08-29-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 29, 1914</span><br />(44–6) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001914-10-12-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">October 12, 1914</span><br />–<br />January 31, 1941<br /><small>(Retired)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandeisl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Brandeisl.jpg/75px-Brandeisl.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Brandeisl.jpg/113px-Brandeisl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Brandeisl.jpg/150px-Brandeisl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2097" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Louis Brandeis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rucker_Lamar" title="Joseph Rucker Lamar">Joseph Rucker Lamar</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001916-06-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 1, 1916</span><br />(47–22) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001916-06-05-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 5, 1916</span><br />–<br />February 13, 1939<br /><small>(Retired)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierce_Butler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Pierce_Butler.jpg/75px-Pierce_Butler.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Pierce_Butler.jpg/113px-Pierce_Butler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Pierce_Butler.jpg/150px-Pierce_Butler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1022" data-file-height="1498" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pierce_Butler_(justice)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierce Butler (justice)">Pierce Butler</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_R._Day" title="William R. Day">William R. Day</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001922-12-21-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">December 21, 1922</span><br />(61–8) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001923-01-02-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 2, 1923</span><br />–<br />November 16, 1939<br /><small>(Died)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chief_Justice_Harlan_Fiske_Stone_photograph_circa_1927-1932.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Chief_Justice_Harlan_Fiske_Stone_photograph_circa_1927-1932.jpg/75px-Chief_Justice_Harlan_Fiske_Stone_photograph_circa_1927-1932.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Chief_Justice_Harlan_Fiske_Stone_photograph_circa_1927-1932.jpg/113px-Chief_Justice_Harlan_Fiske_Stone_photograph_circa_1927-1932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Chief_Justice_Harlan_Fiske_Stone_photograph_circa_1927-1932.jpg/150px-Chief_Justice_Harlan_Fiske_Stone_photograph_circa_1927-1932.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2842" data-file-height="3606" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harlan_F._Stone" title="Harlan F. Stone">Harlan F. Stone</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McKenna" title="Joseph McKenna">Joseph McKenna</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001925-02-05-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 5, 1925</span><br />(71–6) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001925-03-02-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 2, 1925</span><br />–<br />July 2, 1941<br /><small>(Continued as chief justice)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Owen_J._Roberts_cph.3b11988.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Owen_J._Roberts_cph.3b11988.jpg/75px-Owen_J._Roberts_cph.3b11988.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Owen_J._Roberts_cph.3b11988.jpg/113px-Owen_J._Roberts_cph.3b11988.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Owen_J._Roberts_cph.3b11988.jpg/150px-Owen_J._Roberts_cph.3b11988.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="1503" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Owen_Roberts" title="Owen Roberts">Owen Roberts</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Edward_Terry_Sanford" title="Edward Terry Sanford">Edward Terry Sanford</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001930-05-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 20, 1930</span><br />(Acclamation) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001930-06-02-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 2, 1930</span><br />–<br />July 31, 1945<br /><small>(Resigned)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_Cardozo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Benjamin_Cardozo.jpg/75px-Benjamin_Cardozo.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Benjamin_Cardozo.jpg/113px-Benjamin_Cardozo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Benjamin_Cardozo.jpg/150px-Benjamin_Cardozo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1512" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_N._Cardozo" title="Benjamin N. Cardozo">Benjamin N. Cardozo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001932-02-24-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 24, 1932</span><br />(Acclamation) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001932-03-14-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 14, 1932</span><br />–<br />July 9, 1938<br /><small>(Died)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HugoLaFayetteBlack.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/HugoLaFayetteBlack.jpg/75px-HugoLaFayetteBlack.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/HugoLaFayetteBlack.jpg/113px-HugoLaFayetteBlack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/HugoLaFayetteBlack.jpg/150px-HugoLaFayetteBlack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1219" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Black" title="Hugo Black">Hugo Black</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Willis_Van_Devanter" title="Willis Van Devanter">Willis Van Devanter</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001937-08-17-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 17, 1937</span><br />(63–16) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001937-08-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 19, 1937</span><br />–<br />September 17, 1971<br /><small>(Retired)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanley_Reed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Stanley_Reed.jpg/75px-Stanley_Reed.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Stanley_Reed.jpg/113px-Stanley_Reed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Stanley_Reed.jpg/150px-Stanley_Reed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1090" data-file-height="1396" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Forman_Reed" title="Stanley Forman Reed">Stanley Forman Reed</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justice</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Sutherland" title="George Sutherland">George Sutherland</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001938-01-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 25, 1938</span><br />(Acclamation) </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001938-01-31-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 31, 1938</span><br />–<br />February 25, 1957<br /><small>(Retired)</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Cases_in_304_U.S.">Notable Cases in 304 U.S.</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_304&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notable Cases in 304 U.S."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erie_Railroad_Company_v._Tompkins"><i>Erie Railroad Company v. Tompkins</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_304&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Erie Railroad Company v. Tompkins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Erie_R.R._Co._v._Tompkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Erie R.R. Co. v. Tompkins">Erie Railroad Company v. Tompkins</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103012/erie-r-co-v-tompkins">304 U.S. 64 (1938)</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_landmark_court_decisions_in_the_United_States" title="List of landmark court decisions in the United States">landmark</a> <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a> decision in which the Court held that there is no general American <a href="/wiki/Federal_common_law" title="Federal common law">federal common law</a> and that <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_courts" class="mw-redirect" title="United States federal courts">U.S. federal courts</a> must apply state law, not federal law, to lawsuits between parties from different states that do not involve <a href="/wiki/Federal_question_jurisdiction" title="Federal question jurisdiction">federal questions</a>. In reaching this holding, the Court overturned almost a century of federal <a href="/wiki/Civil_procedure" title="Civil procedure">civil procedure</a> case law, and established the foundation of what remains the modern law of diversity jurisdiction as it applies to United States federal courts. Although the decision is not widely known by laypeople, most American lawyers and legal scholars regard <i>Erie</i> as one of the most important decisions in U.S. Supreme Court history. The decision "goes to the heart" of the American system of <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">federalism</a> and the relationship between the <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States federal government">U.S. federal government</a> and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hinderlider,_State_Engineer_v._La_Plata_River_and_Cherry_Creek_Ditch_Company"><span id="Hinderlider.2C_State_Engineer_v._La_Plata_River_and_Cherry_Creek_Ditch_Company"></span><i>Hinderlider, State Engineer v. La Plata River and Cherry Creek Ditch Company</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_304&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hinderlider, State Engineer v. La Plata River and Cherry Creek Ditch Company"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Hinderlider_v._La_Plata_River_%26_Cherry_Creek_Ditch_Co." title="Hinderlider v. La Plata River & Cherry Creek Ditch Co.">Hinderlider, State Engineer v. La Plata River and Cherry Creek Ditch Company</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103013/hinderlider-v-la-plata-river-cherry-creek-ditch-co">304 U.S. 92 (1938)</a>, the Supreme Court ruled that a "general common law" or "general federal common law" no longer exists in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> legal system. Federal courts, however, retain the power to create <a href="/wiki/Federal_common_law" title="Federal common law">federal common law</a> in specific areas related to federal rights and interests (<i>e.g.</i>, the interpretation of an <a href="/wiki/Interstate_compact" title="Interstate compact">interstate compact</a> governing <a href="/wiki/Water_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Water rights">water rights</a> between states.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_v._Carolene_Products_Company"><i>United States v. Carolene Products Company</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_304&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: United States v. Carolene Products Company"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Carolene_Products_Co." title="United States v. Carolene Products Co.">United States v. Carolene Products Company</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103017/united-states-v-carolene-products-co">304 U.S. 144 (1938)</a>, the Supreme Court upheld the federal government's power to prohibit <a href="/wiki/Filled_milk" title="Filled milk">filled milk</a> from being shipped in interstate commerce. In his majority opinion for the Court, Associate Justice <a href="/wiki/Harlan_F._Stone" title="Harlan F. Stone">Harlan F. Stone</a> wrote that economic regulations were "presumptively constitutional" under a deferential <a href="/wiki/Standard_of_review" title="Standard of review">standard of review</a> known as the "<a href="/wiki/Rational_basis_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Rational basis test">rational basis test</a>". The case is most notable for <b>Footnote Four</b>, in which Stone wrote that the Court would exercise a stricter standard of review when a law appears on its face to violate a provision of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>, restricts the political process in a way that could impede the repeal of an undesirable law, or discriminates against "discrete and insular" minorities. Footnote Four would influence later Supreme Court decisions, and the higher standard of review is now known as "<a href="/wiki/Strict_scrutiny" title="Strict scrutiny">strict scrutiny</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Labor_Relations_Board_v._Mackay_Radio_and_Telegraph_Company"><i>National Labor Relations Board v. Mackay Radio and Telegraph Company</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_304&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: National Labor Relations Board v. Mackay Radio and Telegraph Company"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/NLRB_v._Mackay_Radio_%26_Telegraph_Co." title="NLRB v. Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co.">National Labor Relations Board v. Mackay Radio and Telegraph Company</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103038/labor-board-v-mackay-co">304 U.S. 333 (1938)</a>, the Supreme Court held that workers who <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strike</a> remain employees for the purposes of the <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="National Labor Relations Act">National Labor Relations Act</a> (NLRA). The Court granted the relief sought by the <a href="/wiki/National_Labor_Relations_Board" title="National Labor Relations Board">National Labor Relations Board</a>, which sought to have the workers reinstated by the employer. However, the decision is much better known today for its <a href="/wiki/Obiter_dictum" title="Obiter dictum">obiter dicta</a><sup id="cite_ref-Brisbin_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brisbin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Turner_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EstreicherStrikers_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EstreicherStrikers-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which the Court said that an employer may hire <a href="/wiki/Strikebreaker" title="Strikebreaker">strikebreakers</a> and is not bound to discharge any of them if or when the strike ends. The <i>Mackay</i> doctrine, as the striker replacement portion of the ruling is known, is one of the most significant Supreme Court rulings in <a href="/wiki/United_States_labor_law" title="United States labor law">American labor law</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Story_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Story-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Atleson_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atleson-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PopeHow_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PopeHow-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has defined <a href="/wiki/Collective_bargaining" title="Collective bargaining">collective bargaining</a> in the United States since its publication. "<i>Mackay Radio</i> was more than a decision that provided an instrumental method for a firm to replace economic strikers and to resist their return to employment after a strike. It was also a decision that established important practices that constituted the conduct of union-management bargaining during the post-New Deal Era."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ruling is also highly controversial, even more than 80 years later. It is strongly and uniformly condemned by <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">labor unions</a>, and resolutely defended by employers. Among academics in the political sciences and other related disciplines, "the doctrine continues to provoke the notice and the nearly universal condemnation of scholars."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Johnson_v._Zerbst"><i>Johnson v. Zerbst</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_304&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Johnson v. Zerbst"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Johnson_v._Zerbst" title="Johnson v. Zerbst">Johnson v. Zerbst</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103050/johnson-v-zerbst">304 U.S. 458 (1938)</a>, the Supreme Court held that defendants have the right to be represented by an attorney unless they waive their right to counsel knowing full well the potential consequences. The case, however, only made this right applicable to federal defendants and did not extend to defendants in trials under state jurisdiction. Assistance of counsel was held to be requisite to due process of law in state felony proceedings with the <i><a href="/wiki/Gideon_v._Wainwright" title="Gideon v. Wainwright">Gideon v. Wainwright</a></i> decision in 1963. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_court_system">Federal court system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_304&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Federal court system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">United States district court</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_court_of_appeals" class="mw-redirect" title="United States court of appeals">United States court of appeals</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_courts" class="mw-redirect" title="United States federal courts">United States federal courts</a></div> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1789" title="Judiciary Act of 1789">Judiciary Act of 1789</a> the federal court structure at the time comprised District Courts, which had general trial jurisdiction; Circuit Courts, which had mixed trial and appellate (from the US District Courts) jurisdiction; and the United States Supreme Court, which had appellate jurisdiction over the federal District and Circuit courts—and for certain issues over state courts. The Supreme Court also had limited <a href="/wiki/Original_jurisdiction" title="Original jurisdiction">original jurisdiction</a> (<i>i.e.,</i> in which cases could be filed directly with the Supreme Court without first having been heard by a lower federal or state court). There were one or more federal District Courts and/or Circuit Courts in each state, territory, or other geographical region. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1891" title="Judiciary Act of 1891">Judiciary Act of 1891</a> created the United States Courts of Appeals and reassigned the jurisdiction of most routine appeals from the district and circuit courts to these appellate courts. The Act created nine new courts that were originally known as the "United States Circuit Courts of Appeals." The new courts had jurisdiction over most appeals of lower court decisions. The Supreme Court could review either legal issues that a court of appeals certified or decisions of court of appeals by <a href="/wiki/Writ_of_certiorari" class="mw-redirect" title="Writ of certiorari">writ of certiorari</a>. On January 1, 1912, the effective date of the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Code_of_1911" title="Judicial Code of 1911">Judicial Code of 1911</a>, the old Circuit Courts were abolished, with their remaining trial court jurisdiction transferred to the U.S. District Courts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_cases_in_volume_304_U.S.">List of cases in volume 304 U.S.</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_304&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: List of cases in volume 304 U.S."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Court" title="Hughes Court">Hughes Court</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width: 275px;">Case name </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 150px;">Citation </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 10px;">Opinion of the Court </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 33px;">Vote </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 100px;">Concurring opinion or statement </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 100px;">Dissenting opinion or statement </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 150px;">Procedural jurisdiction </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 133px;">Result </th></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morgan_v._United_States_(1938)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morgan v. United States (1938) (page does not exist)">Morgan v. United States</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103007/morgan-v-united-states">304 U.S. 1 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Hughes </td> <td>6-1[a][b] </td> <td>none </td> <td>Black (without opinion) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Appellate procedure in the United States">appeal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Missouri" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri">United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri</a> (W.D. Mo.) </td> <td>reversed; petition for rehearing denied </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Bekins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States v. Bekins (page does not exist)">United States v. Bekins</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103008/united-states-v-bekins">304 U.S. 27 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Hughes </td> <td>6-2[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>McReynolds and Butler (joint short statement) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Appellate procedure in the United States">appeals</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="United States District Court for the District of California">United States District Court for the District of California</a> (S.D. Cal.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Interstate_Circuit,_Inc._v._United_States" title="Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United States">Interstate Circuit, Inc. v. United States</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103009/interstate-circuit-inc-v-united-states">304 U.S. 55 (1938)</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Per_curiam" class="mw-redirect" title="Per curiam">per curiam</a></i> </td> <td>6-2[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>Stone and Black (joint short statement) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Appellate procedure in the United States">appeal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas">United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas</a> (N.D. Tex.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad" title="Baltimore and Ohio Railroad">Baltimore and Ohio Railroad</a> Company v. United States</i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103010/b-or-co-v-united-states">304 U.S. 58 (1938)</a> </td> <td>McReynolds </td> <td>7-0[a][c] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Appellate procedure in the United States">appeal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois">United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois</a> (N.D. Ill.) </td> <td>affirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkansas_Louisiana_Gas_Company_v._Department_of_Public_Utilities_of_Arkansas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arkansas Louisiana Gas Company v. Department of Public Utilities of Arkansas (page does not exist)">Arkansas Louisiana Gas Company v. Department of Public Utilities of Arkansas</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103011/arkansas-gas-co-v-dept">304 U.S. 61 (1938)</a> </td> <td>McReynolds </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Appellate procedure in the United States">appeal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Supreme_Court" title="Arkansas Supreme Court">Arkansas Supreme Court</a> (Ark.) </td> <td>affirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Erie_R.R._Co._v._Tompkins" class="mw-redirect" title="Erie R.R. Co. v. Tompkins">Erie Railroad Company v. Tompkins</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103012/erie-r-co-v-tompkins">304 U.S. 64 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Brandeis </td> <td>6-2[a] </td> <td>Reed (opinion) </td> <td>Butler (opinion, agreeing with the result but dissenting on the grounds; with which McReynolds concurred) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a> (2d Cir.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Hinderlider_v._La_Plata_River_%26_Cherry_Creek_Ditch_Co." title="Hinderlider v. La Plata River & Cherry Creek Ditch Co.">Hinderlider, State Engineer v. La Plata River and Cherry Creek Ditch Company</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103013/hinderlider-v-la-plata-river-cherry-creek-ditch-co">304 U.S. 92 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Brandeis </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Appellate procedure in the United States">appeal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Supreme_Court" title="Colorado Supreme Court">Colorado Supreme Court</a> (Colo.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>United States v. <a href="/wiki/Shoshone" title="Shoshone">Shoshone</a> Tribe</i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103014/united-states-v-shoshone-tribe">304 U.S. 111 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Butler </td> <td>6-1[a][d] </td> <td>none </td> <td>Reed (without opinion) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Claims" title="United States Court of Claims">United States Court of Claims</a> (Ct. Cl.) </td> <td>affirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>United States v. <a href="/wiki/Klamath_Tribes" title="Klamath Tribes">Klamath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modoc_people" title="Modoc people">Moadoc Tribes</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103015/united-states-v-klamath-indians">304 U.S. 119 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Butler </td> <td>6-0[a][b][d] </td> <td>Black (without opinion) </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Appellate procedure in the United States">appeal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Claims" title="United States Court of Claims">United States Court of Claims</a> (Ct. Cl.) </td> <td>affirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/J.P._Morgan_%26_Co." title="J.P. Morgan & Co.">Guaranty Trust Company</a> v. United States</i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103016/guaranty-trust-co-v-united-states">304 U.S. 126 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Stone </td> <td>7-0[a][b] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a> (2d Cir.) </td> <td>remanded for further proceedings </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Carolene_Products_Co." title="United States v. Carolene Products Co.">United States v. Carolene Products Company</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103017/united-states-v-carolene-products-co">304 U.S. 144 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Stone </td> <td>6-1[a][b] </td> <td>Black (without opinion); Butler (opinion) </td> <td>McReynolds (without opinion) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Appellate procedure in the United States">appeal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Illinois" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois">United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois</a> (S.D. Ill.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>United States v. <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Petroleum_and_Transport_Company" title="Pan American Petroleum and Transport Company">Pan American Petroleum Corporation</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103018/united-states-v-pan-american-corp">304 U.S. 156 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Roberts </td> <td>7-0[a][b] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Appellate procedure in the United States">appeal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Louisiana" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana">United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana</a> (E.D. La.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Crown_Holdings" title="Crown Holdings">Crown Cork and Seal Company</a> v. Ferdinand Gutmann Company</i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103019/crown-cork-seal-co-v-ferdinand-gutmann-co">304 U.S. 159 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Butler </td> <td>6-1[a][b] </td> <td>none </td> <td>Black (opinion) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a> (2d Cir.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/General_Talking_Pictures_Corp._v._Western_Electric_Co." title="General Talking Pictures Corp. v. Western Electric Co.">General Talking Pictures Corporation v. Western Electric Company</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103020/general-pictures-co-v-electric-co">304 U.S. 175 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Butler </td> <td>5-1[a][b][e] </td> <td>none </td> <td>Black (opinion) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a> (2d Cir.) </td> <td>affirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pacific_National_Company_v._Welch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pacific National Company v. Welch (page does not exist)">Pacific National Company v. Welch</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103021/pacific-nat-co-v-welch">304 U.S. 191 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Butler </td> <td>7-0[a][b] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit</a> (9th Cir.) </td> <td>affirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_v._Kaplan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States v. Kaplan (page does not exist)">United States v. Kaplan</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103022/united-states-v-kaplan">304 U.S. 195 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Butler </td> <td>7-0[a][b] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Claims" title="United States Court of Claims">United States Court of Claims</a> (Ct. Cl.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Arkansas Fuel Oil Company v. <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> <a href="/wiki/Ex_rel." title="Ex rel.">ex rel.</a> Muslow</i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103023/arkansas-fuel-oil-co-v-louisiana-ex-rel-muslow">304 U.S. 197 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Black </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>Stone (without opinion) </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Appellate procedure in the United States">appeal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Circuit_Courts_of_Appeal" title="Louisiana Circuit Courts of Appeal">Louisiana Court of Appeal</a> (La. Ct. App.) </td> <td>affirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Ruhlin v. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Life_Insurance_Company" title="New York Life Insurance Company">New York Life Insurance Company</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103024/ruhlin-v-new-york-life-ins-co">304 U.S. 202 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Reed </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit</a> (3d Cir.) </td> <td>vacated </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Petroleum Exploration, Inc. v. <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Public_Service_Commission" title="Kentucky Public Service Commission">Public Service Commission of Kentucky</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103025/petroleum-co-v-commn">304 U.S. 209 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Reed </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>McReynolds (without opinion); Stone (short statement) </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Appellate procedure in the United States">appeal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Kentucky" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky">United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky</a> (E.D. Ky.) </td> <td>affirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Lone Star Gas Company v. <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103026/lone-star-gas-co-v-texas">304 U.S. 224 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Hughes </td> <td>7-1[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>Black (without opinion) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Appellate procedure in the United States">appeal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Courts_of_Appeals" title="Texas Courts of Appeals">Texas Court of Civil Appeals</a> (Tex. Ct. App.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/International_Ladies_Garment_Workers_Union" title="International Ladies Garment Workers Union">International Ladies Garment Workers Union</a> v. <a href="/wiki/Nelly_Don" title="Nelly Don">Donnelly Garment Company</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103027/garment-workers-v-donnelly-garment-co">304 U.S. 243 (1938)</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Per_curiam" class="mw-redirect" title="Per curiam">per curiam</a></i> </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Appellate procedure in the United States">appeal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Western_District_of_Missouri" title="United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri">United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri</a> (W.D. Mo.) </td> <td>vacated </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/California_Water_Service" title="California Water Service">California Water Service</a> Company v. <a href="/wiki/Redding,_California" title="Redding, California">City of Redding</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103028/california-water-service-co-v-redding">304 U.S. 252 (1938)</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Per_curiam" class="mw-redirect" title="Per curiam">per curiam</a></i> </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Appellate procedure in the United States">appeal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of California">United States District Court for the Northern District of California</a> (N.D. Cal.) </td> <td>affirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> v. <a href="/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company">Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103029/trade-commn-v-goodyear-co">304 U.S. 257 (1938)</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Per_curiam" class="mw-redirect" title="Per curiam">per curiam</a></i> </td> <td>6-0[a][b][d] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit</a> (6th Cir.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Life_Insurance_Company" title="New York Life Insurance Company">New York Life Insurance Company</a> v. Jackson</i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103030/new-york-life-ins-co-v-jackson">304 U.S. 261 (1938)</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Per_curiam" class="mw-redirect" title="Per curiam">per curiam</a></i> </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit</a> (7th Cir.) </td> <td>vacated </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Rosenthal v. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Life_Insurance_Company" title="New York Life Insurance Company">New York Life Insurance Company</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103031/rosenthal-v-new-york-life-ins-co">304 U.S. 263 (1938)</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Per_curiam" class="mw-redirect" title="Per curiam">per curiam</a></i> </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eighth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit</a> (8th Cir.) </td> <td>vacated </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lang_v._Commissioner_of_Internal_Revenue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lang v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue (page does not exist)">Lang v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103032/lang-v-commissioner">304 U.S. 264 (1938)</a> </td> <td>McReynolds </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certified_question" title="Certified question">certified questions</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit</a> (9th Cir.) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certified_question" title="Certified question">certified questions</a> answered </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heiner_v._Mellon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heiner v. Mellon (page does not exist)">Heiner v. Mellon</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103033/heiner-v-mellon">304 U.S. 271 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Brandeis </td> <td>7-0[a][b] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit</a> (3d Cir.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Guy_T._Helvering" title="Guy T. Helvering">Helvering</a>, Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. National Grocery Company</i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103034/helvering-v-national-grocery-co">304 U.S. 282 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Brandeis </td> <td>5-2[a][b] </td> <td>none </td> <td>McReynolds and Butler (without opinions) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit</a> (3d Cir.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Brownsville_and_Mexico_Railway" title="St. Louis, Brownsville and Mexico Railway">St. Louis, Brownsville and Mexico Railway</a> Company v. Brownsville Navigation District</i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103035/st-louis-etc-ry-v-brownsville-dist">304 U.S. 295 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Butler </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit</a> (5th Cir.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lowe_Brothers_Company_v._United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lowe Brothers Company v. United States (page does not exist)">Lowe Brothers Company v. United States</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103036/lowe-bros-co-v-united-states">304 U.S. 302 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Stone </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit</a> (6th Cir.) </td> <td>affirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=J.D._Adams_Manufacturing_Company_v._Storen,_Chief_Administrative_Officer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J.D. Adams Manufacturing Company v. Storen, Chief Administrative Officer (page does not exist)">J.D. Adams Manufacturing Company v. Storen, Chief Administrative Officer</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103037/jd-adams-mfg-co-v-storen">304 U.S. 307 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Roberts </td> <td>6-2[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>McReynolds (without opinion, dissenting in part); Black (opinion, dissenting in part) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Appellate procedure in the United States">appeal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Supreme_Court" title="Indiana Supreme Court">Indiana Supreme Court</a> (Ind.) </td> <td>affirmed in part, and reversed in part </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/NLRB_v._Mackay_Radio_%26_Telegraph_Co." title="NLRB v. Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co.">National Labor Relations Board v. Mackay Radio and Telegraph Company</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103038/labor-board-v-mackay-co">304 U.S. 333 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Roberts </td> <td>7-0[a][b] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Ninth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit</a> (9th Cir.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taft_v._Commissioner_of_Internal_Revenue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taft v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue (page does not exist)">Taft v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103039/taft-v-commissioner">304 U.S. 351 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Roberts </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Sixth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit</a> (6th Cir.) </td> <td>affirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zerbst_v._Kidwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zerbst v. Kidwell (page does not exist)">Zerbst v. Kidwell</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103040/zerbst-v-kidwell">304 U.S. 359 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Black </td> <td>7-0[a][b] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit</a> (5th Cir.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> Company v. Wabash Appliance Corporation</i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103041/gen-electric-co-v-wabash-co">304 U.S. 364 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Reed </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a> (2d Cir.) </td> <td>affirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Power_Commission" title="Federal Power Commission">Federal Power Commission</a> v. Metropolitan Edison Company</i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103042/fpc-v-metropolitan-edison-co">304 U.S. 375 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Hughes </td> <td>7-0[a][e] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit</a> (3d Cir.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> <a href="/wiki/Ex_rel." title="Ex rel.">ex rel.</a> Johnson v. Cook</i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103043/oklahoma-ex-rel-johnson-v-cook">304 U.S. 387 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Hughes </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Original_jurisdiction_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of the United States">original jurisdiction</a> </td> <td>motion for leave to file complaint denied </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hudson_v._Moonier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hudson v. Moonier (page does not exist)">Hudson v. Moonier</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103044/hudson-v-moonier">304 U.S. 397 (1938)</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Per_curiam" class="mw-redirect" title="Per curiam">per curiam</a></i> </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Eighth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit</a> (8th Cir.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Laclede_Gas_Company" title="Laclede Gas Company">Laclede Gas Light Company</a> v. <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Public_Service_Commission" title="Missouri Public Service Commission">Missouri Public Service Commission</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103045/laclede-gas-co-v-commn">304 U.S. 398 (1938)</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Per_curiam" class="mw-redirect" title="Per curiam">per curiam</a></i> </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Appellate procedure in the United States">appeal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Missouri Supreme Court">Missouri Supreme Court</a> (Mo.) </td> <td>dismissed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahoney,_Liquor_Control_Commissioner_of_Minnesota_v._Joseph_Triner_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahoney, Liquor Control Commissioner of Minnesota v. Joseph Triner Corporation (page does not exist)">Mahoney, Liquor Control Commissioner of Minnesota v. Joseph Triner Corporation</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103046/mahoney-v-joseph-triner-corp">304 U.S. 401 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Brandeis </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>Reed (without opinion) </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Appellate procedure in the United States">appeal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Minnesota" title="United States District Court for the District of Minnesota">United States District Court for the District of Minnesota</a> (D. Minn.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Guy_T._Helvering" title="Guy T. Helvering">Helvering</a>, Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Gerhardt</i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103047/helvering-v-gerhardt">304 U.S. 405 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Stone </td> <td>5-2[a][b] </td> <td>Black (opinion) </td> <td>Butler (opinion; with which McReynolds concurred) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a> (2d Cir.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Aetna" title="Aetna">Aetna</a> Insurance Company v. <a href="/wiki/United_Fruit_Company" title="United Fruit Company">United Fruit Company</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103048/aetna-ins-co-v-united-fruit-co">304 U.S. 430 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Stone </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Second_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit</a> (2d Cir.) </td> <td>affirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Allen v. Regents of the <a href="/wiki/University_System_of_Georgia" title="University System of Georgia">University System of Georgia</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103049/allen-v-regents-of-univ-system-of-ga">304 U.S. 439 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Roberts </td> <td>6-2[a] </td> <td>Black (without opinion); Stone (short statement); Reed (opinion) </td> <td>Butler (opinion; with which McReynolds concurred) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit</a> (5th Cir.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Johnson_v._Zerbst" title="Johnson v. Zerbst">Johnson v. Zerbst</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103050/johnson-v-zerbst">304 U.S. 458 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Black </td> <td>6-2[a] </td> <td>Reed (without opinion) </td> <td>McReynolds (without opinion); Butler (short statement) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Fifth_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit</a> (5th Cir.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denver_Union_Stock_Yard_Company_v._United_States&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denver Union Stock Yard Company v. United States (page does not exist)">Denver Union Stock Yard Company v. United States</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103051/denver-stock-yard-co-v-united-states">304 U.S. 470 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Butler </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>Black (without opinion) </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Appellate procedure in the United States">appeal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Colorado" title="United States District Court for the District of Colorado">United States District Court for the District of Colorado</a> (D. Colo.) </td> <td>affirmed </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/In_re_NLRB" title="In re NLRB">In re National Labor Relations Board</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103052/in-re-labor-board">304 U.S. 486 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Roberts </td> <td>5-2[a][d] </td> <td>none </td> <td>Butler (opinion; with which McReynolds concurred) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_to_show_cause" title="Order to show cause">Order to show cause</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit</a> (3d Cir.) </td> <td>writs of <a href="/wiki/Writ_of_prohibition" title="Writ of prohibition">prohibition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mandamus" title="Mandamus">mandamus</a> granted </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Wright v. <a href="/wiki/Union_Central_Life_Insurance_Company" title="Union Central Life Insurance Company">Union Central Life Insurance Company</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103053/wright-v-union-central-life-ins-co">304 U.S. 502 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Reed </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>none </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit</a> (7th Cir.) </td> <td>affirmed in part, and reversed in part </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Collins_v._Yosemite_Park_%26_Curry_Co." title="Collins v. Yosemite Park & Curry Co.">Collins v. Yosemite Park and Curry Company</a></i> </td> <td align="right"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/103054/collins-v-yosemite-park-curry-co">304 U.S. 518 (1938)</a> </td> <td>Reed </td> <td>8-0[a] </td> <td>McReynolds (short statement) </td> <td>none </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Appellate_procedure_in_the_United_States" title="Appellate procedure in the United States">appeal</a> from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Northern_District_of_California" title="United States District Court for the Northern District of California">United States District Court for the Northern District of California</a> (N.D. Cal.) </td> <td>reversed </td></tr> </tbody></table> <dl><dd>[a] Cardozo took no part in the case (Justice Cardozo was seriously ill of heart disease and so missed participating in these cases; he died in July 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</dd> <dd>[b] Reed took no part in the case</dd> <dd>[c] Black took no part in the case</dd> <dd>[d] Stone took no part in the case</dd> <dd>[e] Roberts took no part in the case</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_304&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guides.ll.georgetown.edu/supreme_court">"Supreme Court Research Guide"</a>. Georgetown Law Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Supreme+Court+Research+Guide&rft.pub=Georgetown+Law+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguides.ll.georgetown.edu%2Fsupreme_court&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Supreme+Court+cases%2C+volume+304" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erwin Chemerinsky, <i>Federal Jurisdiction</i> (5th ed. 2007), Aspen Publishers, p. 365-366.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brisbin-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brisbin_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brisbin, <i>A Strike Like No Other Strike: Law and Resistance During the Pittston Coal Strike of 1989-1990,</i> 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Turner-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Turner_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Turner, "Restoring Balance to Collective Bargaining: Prohibiting Discrimination Against Economic Strikers," <i>West Virginia Law Review,</i> Spring 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EstreicherStrikers-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EstreicherStrikers_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Estreicher, "Strikers and Replacements," <i>Labor Lawyer,</i> 1987.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Story-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Story_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Getman and Kohler, "The Story of 'NLRB v. Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co.': The High Cost of Solidarity," in <i>Labor Law Stories,</i> 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Atleson-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Atleson_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atleson, <i>Values and Assumptions in American Labor Law,</i> 1983.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matheny and Crain, "Disloyal Workers and the 'Un-American' Labor Law," <i>North Carolina Law Review,</i> 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PopeHow-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PopeHow_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pope, "How American Workers Lost the Right to Strike, and Other Tales," <i>Michigan Law Review,</i> 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brisbin, <i>A Strike Like No Other Strike: Law and Resistance During the Pittston Coal Strike of 1989-1990,</i> 2002, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Getman and Kohler, "The Story of 'NLRB v. Mackay Radio & Telegraph Co.': The High Cost of Solidarity," in <i>Labor Law Stories,</i> 2005, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1938/07/10/99552369.html?pageNumber=1">"Cardozo is Dead; New Heart Attack Fatal to Justice"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. July 10, 1938.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cardozo+is+Dead%3B+New+Heart+Attack+Fatal+to+Justice&rft.date=1938-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1938%2F07%2F10%2F99552369.html%3FpageNumber%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+United+States+Supreme+Court+cases%2C+volume+304" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_304&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" 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href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_volume" title="Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume">United States Supreme Court cases by volume</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports,_volume_1" title="United States Reports, volume 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports,_volume_2" title="United States Reports, volume 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports,_volume_3" title="United States Reports, volume 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports,_volume_4" title="United States Reports, volume 4">4</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_5" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_6" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_7" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_8" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_9" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_10" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_11" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_12" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_13" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_14" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_15" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_16" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_17" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_18" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_19" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_20" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_21" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_22" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_23" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_24" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_25" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_26" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_27" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_28" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_29" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_30" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_31" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 31">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_32" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 32">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_33" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 33">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_34" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 34">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_35" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 35">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_36" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 36">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_37" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 37">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_38" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 38">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_39" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 39">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_40" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 40">40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_41" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 41">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_42" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 42">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_43" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 43">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_44" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 44">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_45" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 45">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_46" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 46">46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_47" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 47">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_48" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 48">48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_49" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 49">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_50" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 50">50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_51" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 51">51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_52" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 52">52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_53" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 53">53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_54" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 54">54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_55" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 55">55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_56" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 56">56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_57" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 57">57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_58" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 58">58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_59" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 59">59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_60" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 60">60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_61" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 61">61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_62" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 62">62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_63" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 63">63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_64" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 64">64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_65" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 65">65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_66" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 66">66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_67" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 67">67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_68" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 68">68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_69" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 69">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_70" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 70">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_71" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 71">71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_72" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 72">72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_73" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 73">73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_74" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 74">74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_75" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 75">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_76" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 76">76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_77" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 77">77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_78" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 78">78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_79" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 79">79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_80" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 80">80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_81" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 81">81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_82" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 82">82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_83" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 83">83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_84" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 84">84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_85" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 85">85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_86" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 86">86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_87" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 87">87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_88" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 88">88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_89" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 89">89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_90" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 90">90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_91" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 91">91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_92" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 92">92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_93" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 93">93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_94" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 94">94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_95" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 95">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_96" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 96">96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_97" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 97">97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_98" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 98">98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_99" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 99">99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_100" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 100">100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_101" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 101">101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_102" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 102">102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_103" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 103">103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_104" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 104">104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_105" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 105">105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_106" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 106">106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_107" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 107">107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_108" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 108">108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_109" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 109">109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_110" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 110">110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_111" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 111">111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_112" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 112">112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_113" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 113">113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_114" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 114">114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_115" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 115">115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_116" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 116">116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_117" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 117">117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_118" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 118">118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_119" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 119">119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_120" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 120">120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_121" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 121">121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_122" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 122">122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_123" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 123">123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_124" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 124">124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_125" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 125">125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_126" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 126">126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_127" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 127">127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_128" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 128">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_129" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 129">129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_130" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 130">130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_131" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 131">131</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_132" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 132">132</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_133" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 133">133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_134" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 134">134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_135" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 135">135</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_136" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 136">136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_137" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 137">137</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_138" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 138">138</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_139" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 139">139</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_140" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 140">140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_141" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 141">141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_142" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 142">142</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_143" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 143">143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_144" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 144">144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_145" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 145">145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_146" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 146">146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_147" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 147">147</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_148" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 148">148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_149" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 149">149</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_150" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 150">150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_151" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 151">151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_152" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 152">152</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_153" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 153">153</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_154" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 154">154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_155" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 155">155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_156" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 156">156</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_157" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 157">157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_158" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 158">158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_159" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 159">159</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_160" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 160">160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_161" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 161">161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_162" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 162">162</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_163" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 163">163</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_164" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 164">164</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_165" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 165">165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_166" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 166">166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_167" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 167">167</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_168" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 168">168</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_169" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 169">169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_170" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 170">170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_171" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 171">171</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_172" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 172">172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_173" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 173">173</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_174" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 174">174</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_175" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 175">175</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_176" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 176">176</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_177" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 177">177</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_178" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 178">178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_179" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 179">179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_180" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 180">180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_181" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 181">181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_182" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 182">182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_183" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 183">183</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_184" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 184">184</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_185" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 185">185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_186" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 186">186</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_187" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 187">187</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_188" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 188">188</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_189" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 189">189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_190" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 190">190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_191" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 191">191</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_192" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 192">192</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_193" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 193">193</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_194" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 194">194</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_195" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 195">195</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_196" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 196">196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_197" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 197">197</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_198" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 198">198</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_199" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 199">199</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_200" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 200">200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_201" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 201">201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_202" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 202">202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_203" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 203">203</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_204" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 204">204</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_205" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 205">205</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_206" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 206">206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_207" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 207">207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_208" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 208">208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_209" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 209">209</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_210" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 210">210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_211" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 211">211</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_212" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 212">212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_213" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 213">213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_214" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 214">214</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_215" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 215">215</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_216" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 216">216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_217" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 217">217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_218" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 218">218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_219" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 219">219</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_220" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 220">220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_221" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 221">221</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_222" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 222">222</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_223" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 223">223</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_224" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 224">224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_225" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 225">225</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_226" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 226">226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_227" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 227">227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_228" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 228">228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_229" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 229">229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_230" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 230">230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_231" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 231">231</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_232" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 232">232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_233" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 233">233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_234" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 234">234</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_235" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 235">235</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_236" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 236">236</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_237" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 237">237</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_238" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 238">238</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_239" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 239">239</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_240" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 240">240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_241" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 241">241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_242" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 242">242</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_243" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 243">243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_244" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 244">244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_245" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 245">245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_246" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 246">246</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_247" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 247">247</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_248" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 248">248</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_249" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 249">249</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_250" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 250">250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_251" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 251">251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_252" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 252">252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_253" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 253">253</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_254" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 254">254</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_255" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 255">255</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_256" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 256">256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_257" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 257">257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_258" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 258">258</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_259" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 259">259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_260" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 260">260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_261" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 261">261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_262" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 262">262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_263" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 263">263</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_264" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 264">264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_265" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 265">265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_266" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 266">266</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_267" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 267">267</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_268" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 268">268</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_269" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 269">269</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_270" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 270">270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_271" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 271">271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_272" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 272">272</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_273" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 273">273</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_274" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 274">274</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_275" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 275">275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_276" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 276">276</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_277" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 277">277</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_278" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 278">278</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_279" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 279">279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_280" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 280">280</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_281" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 281">281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_282" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 282">282</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_283" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 283">283</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_284" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 284">284</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_285" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 285">285</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_286" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 286">286</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_287" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 287">287</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_288" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 288">288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_289" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 289">289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_290" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 290">290</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_291" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 291">291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_292" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 292">292</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_293" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 293">293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_294" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 294">294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_295" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 295">295</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_296" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 296">296</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_297" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 297">297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_298" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 298">298</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_299" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 299">299</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_300" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 300">300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_301" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 301">301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_302" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 302">302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_303" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 303">303</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_305" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 305">305</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_306" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 306">306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_307" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 307">307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_308" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 308">308</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_309" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 309">309</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_310" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 310">310</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_311" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 311">311</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_312" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 312">312</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_313" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 313">313</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_314" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 314">314</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_315" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 315">315</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_316" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 316">316</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_317" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 317">317</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_318" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 318">318</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_319" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 319">319</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_320" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 320">320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_321" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 321">321</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_322" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 322">322</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_323" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 323">323</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_324" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 324">324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_325" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 325">325</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_326" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 326">326</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_327" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 327">327</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_328" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 328">328</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_329" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 329">329</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_330" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 330">330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_331" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 331">331</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_332" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 332">332</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_333" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 333">333</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_334" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 334">334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_335" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 335">335</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_336" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 336">336</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_337" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 337">337</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_338" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 338">338</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_339" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 339">339</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_340" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 340">340</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_341" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 341">341</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_342" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 342">342</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_343" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 343">343</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_344" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 344">344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_345" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 345">345</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_346" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 346">346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_347" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 347">347</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_348" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 348">348</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_349" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 349">349</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_350" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 350">350</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_351" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 351">351</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_352" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 352">352</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_353" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 353">353</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_354" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 354">354</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_355" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 355">355</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_356" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 356">356</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_357" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 357">357</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_358" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 358">358</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_359" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 359">359</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_360" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 360">360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_361" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 361">361</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_362" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 362">362</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_363" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 363">363</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_364" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 364">364</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_365" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 365">365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_366" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 366">366</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_367" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 367">367</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_368" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 368">368</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_369" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 369">369</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_370" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 370">370</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_371" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 371">371</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_372" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 372">372</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_373" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 373">373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_374" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 374">374</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_375" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 375">375</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_376" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 376">376</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_377" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 377">377</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_378" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 378">378</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_379" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 379">379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_380" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 380">380</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_381" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 381">381</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_382" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 382">382</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_383" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 383">383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_384" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 384">384</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_385" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 385">385</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_386" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 386">386</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_387" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 387">387</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_388" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 388">388</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_389" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 389">389</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_390" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 390">390</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_391" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 391">391</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_392" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 392">392</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_393" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 393">393</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_394" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 394">394</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_395" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 395">395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_396" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 396">396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_397" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 397">397</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_398" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 398">398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_399" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 399">399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_400" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 400">400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_401" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 401">401</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_402" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 402">402</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_403" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 403">403</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_404" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 404">404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_405" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 405">405</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_406" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 406">406</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_407" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 407">407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_408" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 408">408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_409" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 409">409</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_410" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 410">410</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_411" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 411">411</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_412" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 412">412</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_413" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 413">413</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_414" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 414">414</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_415" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 415">415</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_416" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 416">416</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_417" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 417">417</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_418" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 418">418</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_419" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 419">419</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_420" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 420">420</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_421" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 421">421</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_422" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 422">422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_423" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 423">423</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_424" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 424">424</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_425" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 425">425</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_426" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 426">426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_427" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 427">427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_428" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 428">428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_429" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 429">429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_430" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 430">430</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_431" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 431">431</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_432" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 432">432</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_433" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 433">433</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_434" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 434">434</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_435" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 435">435</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_436" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 436">436</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_437" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 437">437</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_438" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 438">438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_439" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 439">439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_440" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 440">440</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_441" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 441">441</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_442" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 442">442</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_443" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 443">443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_444" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 444">444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_445" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 445">445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_446" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 446">446</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_447" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 447">447</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_448" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 448">448</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_449" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 449">449</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_450" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 450">450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_451" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 451">451</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_452" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 452">452</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_453" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 453">453</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_454" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 454">454</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_455" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 455">455</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_456" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 456">456</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_457" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 457">457</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_458" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 458">458</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_459" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 459">459</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_460" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 460">460</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_461" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 461">461</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_462" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 462">462</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_463" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 463">463</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_464" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 464">464</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_465" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 465">465</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_466" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 466">466</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_467" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 467">467</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_468" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 468">468</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_469" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 469">469</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_470" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 470">470</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_471" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 471">471</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_472" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 472">472</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_473" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 473">473</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_474" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 474">474</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_475" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 475">475</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_476" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 476">476</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_477" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 477">477</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_478" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 478">478</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_479" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 479">479</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_480" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 480">480</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_481" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 481">481</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_482" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 482">482</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_483" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 483">483</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_484" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 484">484</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_485" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 485">485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_486" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 486">486</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_487" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 487">487</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_488" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 488">488</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_489" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 489">489</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_490" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 490">490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_491" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 491">491</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_492" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 492">492</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_493" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 493">493</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_494" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 494">494</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_495" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 495">495</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_496" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 496">496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_497" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 497">497</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_498" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 498">498</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_499" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 499">499</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_500" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 500">500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_501" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 501">501</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_502" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 502">502</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_503" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 503">503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_504" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 504">504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_505" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 505">505</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_506" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 506">506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_507" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 507">507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_508" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 508">508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_509" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 509">509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_510" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 510">510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_511" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 511">511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_512" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 512">512</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_513" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 513">513</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_514" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 514">514</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_515" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 515">515</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_516" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 516">516</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_517" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 517">517</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_518" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 518">518</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_519" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 519">519</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_520" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 520">520</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_521" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 521">521</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_522" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 522">522</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_523" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 523">523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_524" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 524">524</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_525" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 525">525</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_526" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 526">526</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_527" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 527">527</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_528" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 528">528</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_529" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 529">529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_530" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 530">530</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_531" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 531">531</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_532" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 532">532</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_533" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 533">533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_534" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 534">534</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_535" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 535">535</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_536" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 536">536</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_537" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 537">537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_538" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 538">538</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_539" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 539">539</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_540" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 540">540</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_541" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 541">541</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_542" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 542">542</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_543" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 543">543</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_544" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 544">544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_545" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 545">545</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_546" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 546">546</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_547" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 547">547</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_548" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 548">548</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_549" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 549">549</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_550" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 550">550</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_551" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 551">551</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_552" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 552">552</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_553" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 553">553</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_554" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 554">554</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_555" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 555">555</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_556" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 556">556</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_557" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 557">557</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_558" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 558">558</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_559" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 559">559</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_560" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 560">560</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_561" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 561">561</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_562" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 562">562</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_563" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 563">563</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_564" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 564">564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_565" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 565">565</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_566" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 566">566</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_567" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 567">567</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_568" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 568">568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_569" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 569">569</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_570" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 570">570</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_571" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 571">571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_572" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 572">572</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_573" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 573">573</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_574" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 574">574</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_575" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 575">575</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_576" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 576">576</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_577" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 577">577</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_578" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 578">578</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_579" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 579">579</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_580" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 580">580</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_581" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 581">581</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_582" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 582">582</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_583" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 583">583</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_584" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 584">584</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_585" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 585">585</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_586" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 586">586</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_587" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 587">587</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_588" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 588">588</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_589" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 589">589</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_590" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 590">590</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_591" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 591">591</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_592" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 592">592</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_593" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 593">593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_594" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 594">594</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_595" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 595">595</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_596" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 596">596</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_597" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 597">597</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_598" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 598">598</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_599" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 599">599</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_600" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 600">600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_601" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 601">601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_602" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 602">602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_603" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 603">603</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lists_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SCOTUScaselists" title="Template:SCOTUScaselists"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SCOTUScaselists" title="Template talk:SCOTUScaselists"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SCOTUScaselists" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SCOTUScaselists"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lists_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases" title="Lists of United States Supreme Court cases">Lists of United States Supreme Court cases</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List of cases by Court</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_prior_to_the_Marshall_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases prior to the Marshall Court">Jay, Rutledge, and Ellsworth Courts</a> (1789–1800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Marshall_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Marshall Court">Marshall Court</a> (1801–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Taney_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Taney Court">Taney Court</a> (1836–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Chase_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Chase Court">Chase Court</a> (1864–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Waite_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Waite Court">Waite Court</a> (1874–1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Fuller_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Fuller Court">Fuller Court</a> (1888–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_White_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the White Court">White Court</a> (1910–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Taft_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Taft Court">Taft Court</a> (1921–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Hughes_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Hughes Court">Hughes Court</a> (1930–1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Stone_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Stone Court">Stone Court</a> (1941–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Vinson_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Vinson Court">Vinson Court</a> (1946–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Warren_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Warren Court">Warren Court</a> (1953–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Burger_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Burger Court">Burger Court</a> (1969–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Rehnquist_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rehnquist Court">Rehnquist Court</a> (1986–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Roberts_Court" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Roberts Court">Roberts Court</a> (2005–present)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Supreme Court"><img alt="Seal of the United States Supreme Court" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/125px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/188px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/250px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Seal of the United States Supreme Court</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Complete list</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_volume" title="Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume">List of cases by volume</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">United States Reports</a></i>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By recent term</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1999_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="1999 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2000 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2001 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2002 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2003 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2004 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2005 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2006 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2007 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2008 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2009 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2010 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2011 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2012 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2013 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2014 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2015 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2016 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2017 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2018 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2019 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2020 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2021 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2022 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2023 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_term_opinions_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="2024 term opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By subject matter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_abortion_case_law" title="Category:United States abortion case law">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitration_case_law_in_the_United_States" title="Arbitration case law in the United States">Arbitration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_bankruptcy_case_law" title="List of United States Supreme Court bankruptcy case law">Bankruptcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_opinions_involving_capital_punishment" title="List of United States Supreme Court opinions involving capital punishment">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_involving_the_First_Amendment" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases involving the First Amendment">First Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_immigration_case_law" title="List of United States Supreme Court immigration case law">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_involving_Indian_tribes" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases involving Indian tribes">Indian tribes</a></li> <li>Intellectual property <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_copyright_case_law" title="List of United States Supreme Court copyright case law">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_patent_case_law" title="List of United States Supreme Court patent case law">Patents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_trademark_case_law" title="List of United States Supreme Court trademark case law">Trademarks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_involving_standing" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases involving standing">Legal standing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States#History_of_U.S._Supreme_Court_decisions_on_LGBT_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBTQ rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_involving_mental_health" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases involving mental health">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_military_case_law" title="List of United States Supreme Court military case law">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_taxation_and_revenue_case_law" title="List of United States Supreme Court taxation and revenue case law">Taxation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_landmark_court_decisions_in_the_United_States" title="List of landmark court decisions in the United States">Landmark decisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pending_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases" title="List of pending United States Supreme Court cases">Pending cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In-chambers_opinion#List_of_in-chambers_opinions_since_1990" title="In-chambers opinion">In-chambers opinions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certiorari_before_judgment#List_of_petitions_granted" title="Certiorari before judgment">Certiorari before judgment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissed_as_improvidently_granted#DIGs_after_oral_argument_since_Term_1989" title="Dismissed as improvidently granted">Certiorari dismissed as improvidently granted</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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