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Neshat</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Elahe Neshat"> <meta name="keywords" content="Elahe Neshat"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Elahe Neshat"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 23</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Elahe Neshat</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Proposing an Algorithm to Cluster Ad Hoc Networks, Modulating Two Levels of Learning Automaton and Nodes Additive Weighting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Rostami">Mohammad Rostami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Forghani"> Mohammad Reza Forghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Neshat"> Elahe Neshat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Yaghoobi"> Fatemeh Yaghoobi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An Ad Hoc network consists of wireless mobile equipment which connects to each other without any infrastructure, using connection equipment. The best way to form a hierarchical structure is clustering. Various methods of clustering can form more stable clusters according to nodes' mobility. In this research we propose an algorithm, which allocates some weight to nodes based on factors, i.e. link stability and power reduction rate. According to the allocated weight in the previous phase, the cellular learning automaton picks out in the second phase nodes which are candidates for being cluster head. In the third phase, learning automaton selects cluster head nodes, member nodes and forms the cluster. Thus, this automaton does the learning from the setting and can form optimized clusters in terms of power consumption and link stability. To simulate the proposed algorithm we have used omnet++4.2.2. Simulation results indicate that newly formed clusters have a longer lifetime than previous algorithms and decrease strongly network overload by reducing update rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20Ad%20Hoc%20networks" title="mobile Ad Hoc networks">mobile Ad Hoc networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20automaton" title=" learning automaton"> learning automaton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automaton" title=" cellular automaton"> cellular automaton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=battery%20power" title=" battery power"> battery power</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46359/proposing-an-algorithm-to-cluster-ad-hoc-networks-modulating-two-levels-of-learning-automaton-and-nodes-additive-weighting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Ensemble of Misplacement, Juxtaposing Feminine Identity in Time and Space: An Analysis of Works of Modern Iranian Female Photographers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Delaram%20Hosseinioun">Delaram Hosseinioun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In their collections, Shirin Neshat, Mitra Tabrizian, Gohar Dashti and Newsha Tavakolian adopt a hybrid form of narrative to confront the restrictions imposed on women in hegemonic public and private spaces. Focusing on motives such as social marginalisation, crisis of belonging, as well as lack of agency for women, the artists depict the regression of women’s rights in their respective generations. Based on the ideas of Michael Bakhtin, namely his concept of polyphony or the plurality of contradictory voices, the views of Judith Butler on giving an account to oneself and Henri Leverbre’s theories on social space, this study illustrates the artists’ concept of identity in crisis through time and space. The research explores how the artists took their art as a novel dimension to depict and confront the hardships imposed on Iranian women. Henri Lefebvre makes a distinction between complex social structures through which individuals situate, perceive and represent themselves. By adding Bakhtin’s polyphonic view to Lefebvre’s concepts of perceived and lived spaces, the study explores the sense of social fragmentation in the works of Dashti and Tavakolian. One argument is that as the representatives of the contemporary generation of female artists who spend their lives in Iran and faced a higher degree of restrictions, their hyperbolic and theatrical styles stand as a symbolic act of confrontation against restrictive socio-cultural norms imposed on women. Further, the research explores the possibility of reclaiming one's voice and sense of agency through art, corresponding with the Bakhtinian sense of polyphony and Butler’s concept of giving an account to oneself. Works of Neshat and Tabrizian as the representatives of the previous generation who faced exile and diaspora, encompass a higher degree of misplacement, violence and decay of women’s presence. In Their works, the women’s body encompasses Lefebvre’s dismantled temporal and special setting. Notably, the ongoing social conviction and gender-based dogma imposed on women frame some of the concurrent motives among the selected collections of the four artists. By applying an interdisciplinary lens and integrating the conducted interviews with the artists, the study illustrates how the artists seek a transcultural account for themselves and women in their generations. Further, the selected collections manifest the urgency for an authentic and liberal voice and setting for women, resonating with the concurrent Women, Life, Freedom movement in Iran. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=persian%20modern%20female%20photographers" title="persian modern female photographers">persian modern female photographers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transcultural%20studies" title=" transcultural studies"> transcultural studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shirin%20neshat" title=" shirin neshat"> shirin neshat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitra%20tabrizian" title=" mitra tabrizian"> mitra tabrizian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gohar%20dashti" title=" gohar dashti"> gohar dashti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=newsha%20tavakolian" title=" newsha tavakolian"> newsha tavakolian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=butler" title=" butler"> butler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bakhtin" title=" bakhtin"> bakhtin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lefebvre" title=" lefebvre"> lefebvre</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169676/ensemble-of-misplacement-juxtaposing-feminine-identity-in-time-and-space-an-analysis-of-works-of-modern-iranian-female-photographers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169676.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Comparison of Salt-Water Intrusion into Eastern and Western Coastal Aquifers of Urmia Lake thru Over-Exploration of Groundwater Resources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saman%20Javadi">Saman Javadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hassan%20Mahmoudi"> Mohammad Hassan Mahmoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Jafari"> Fatemeh Jafari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aminreza%20Neshat"> Aminreza Neshat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urmia Lake’s water level has been dropped during the past decade. Although the most common reason in studies was declared climate change, but observation of adjacent lake (like Van in Turkey) is not the same as the common reason. Most of studies were focused on climate and land use change, but groundwater resource as one of the most important element is negligible. Due to population and agriculture activities growth, exploration of groundwater resource has been increased. In as much as continued decline of water levels can lead to saltwater intrusion, reduce stream discharge near outcrop regions and threaten groundwater quality, aquifers of this region were affected by saltwater intrusion of Urmia Lake. In this research comparison of saltwater intrusion into eastern and western coastal aquifer was studied. In conclusion eastern aquifers are in a critical situation; vice versa the western ones are in a better situation. Thus applying management of groundwater operation would be necessary for eastern aquifers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coastal%20aquifer" title="coastal aquifer">coastal aquifer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundwater%20over-exploration" title=" groundwater over-exploration"> groundwater over-exploration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saltwater%20intrusion" title=" saltwater intrusion"> saltwater intrusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urmia%20Lake" title=" Urmia Lake"> Urmia Lake</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20314/comparison-of-salt-water-intrusion-into-eastern-and-western-coastal-aquifers-of-urmia-lake-thru-over-exploration-of-groundwater-resources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">539</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Ranking All of the Efficient DMUs in DEA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Sarfi">Elahe Sarfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmat%20Noroozi"> Esmat Noroozi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Hosseinzadeh%20Lotfi"> Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the important issues in Data Envelopment Analysis is the ranking of Decision Making Units. In this paper, a method for ranking DMUs is presented through which the weights related to efficient units should be chosen in a way that the other units preserve a certain percentage of their efficiency with the mentioned weights. To this end, a model is presented for ranking DMUs on the base of their superefficiency by considering the mentioned restrictions related to weights. This percentage can be determined by decision Maker. If the specific percentage is unsuitable, we can find a suitable and feasible one for ranking DMUs accordingly. Furthermore, the presented model is capable of ranking all of the efficient units including nonextreme efficient ones. Finally, the presented models are utilized for two sets of data and related results are reported. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20envelopment%20analysis" title="data envelopment analysis">data envelopment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ranking" title=" ranking"> ranking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weight" title=" weight "> weight </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30482/ranking-all-of-the-efficient-dmus-in-dea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Examining the Role of Iranian International Cinema in the Formation of Cultural Schemas About Iranian Families</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Zavareian">Elahe Zavareian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cinema is a powerful medium that can depict and critique sociological and cultural issues, contributing to the expansion of important societal issues and raising awareness. Family crises and challenges are significant concerns faced by societies worldwide. The family serves as the central core for societal formation, and the challenges experienced within this small social group have implications not only for individuals within a country but also for the wider culture. The concept of the family represents the entire society in relation to other countries, shaping ideas and prejudices regarding interpersonal culture and relationships. The representation of society's problems through cinema influences the formation of cultural schemas within the country producing the films and among the societies that view them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpersonal%20culture" title="interpersonal culture">interpersonal culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=representation" title=" representation"> representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=society" title=" society"> society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family" title=" family"> family</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20schemas" title=" cultural schemas"> cultural schemas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167490/examining-the-role-of-iranian-international-cinema-in-the-formation-of-cultural-schemas-about-iranian-families" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Efficiency of DMUs in Presence of New Inputs and Outputs in DEA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmat%20Noroozi">Esmat Noroozi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Sarfi"> Elahe Sarfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farha%20Hosseinzadeh%20Lotfi"> Farha Hosseinzadeh Lotfi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Examining the impacts of data modification is considered as sensitivity analysis. A lot of studies have considered the data modification of inputs and outputs in DEA. The issues which has not heretofore been considered in DEA sensitivity analysis is modification in the number of inputs and (or) outputs and determining the impacts of this modification in the status of efficiency of DMUs. This paper is going to present systems that show the impacts of adding one or multiple inputs or outputs on the status of efficiency of DMUs and furthermore a model is presented for recognizing the minimum number of inputs and (or) outputs from among specified inputs and outputs which can be added whereas an inefficient DMU will become efficient. Finally the presented systems and model have been utilized for a set of real data and the results have been reported. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20envelopment%20analysis" title="data envelopment analysis">data envelopment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity%20analysis" title=" sensitivity analysis"> sensitivity analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=input" title=" input"> input</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=out%20put" title=" out put"> out put</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30483/efficiency-of-dmus-in-presence-of-new-inputs-and-outputs-in-dea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Evaluating the Role of Cinema in the Formation of Cultural Schemas of Iranian Families by Studying the Opinions of Critics at the Venice Film Festival</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Zavareian">Elahe Zavareian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cinema is a powerful medium that can depict and critique sociological and cultural issues, contributing to the expansion of important societal issues and raising awareness. Family crises and challenges are significant concerns faced by societies worldwide. The family serves as the central core for societal formation, and the challenges experienced within this small social group have implications not only for individuals within a country but also for the wider culture. The concept of the family represents the entire society in relation to other countries, shaping ideas and prejudices regarding interpersonal culture and relationships. The representation of society's problems through cinema influences the formation of cultural schemas within the country producing the films and among the societies that view them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interpersonal%20culture" title="interpersonal culture">interpersonal culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=representation" title=" representation"> representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=society" title=" society"> society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family" title=" family"> family</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20schemas" title=" cultural schemas"> cultural schemas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167370/evaluating-the-role-of-cinema-in-the-formation-of-cultural-schemas-of-iranian-families-by-studying-the-opinions-of-critics-at-the-venice-film-festival" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Acute Toxicity and the Effects of dichromate potassium (K2Cr2O7) in sobaity seabream (Sparidebtex hasta)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elnaz%20Erfani">Elnaz Erfani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Erfni"> Elahe Erfni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, 96h LC50 values of dichromate potassium (K2Cr2O7), a highly toxicant heavy metal on sobaity seabream, Sparidebtex hasta of average weight mean weight 3.24 g; mean length 5.35cm was determined. At first, for rang finding test, fish were exposed to K2Cr2O7 at several selected concentrations 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mg/L, then fish exposed to five concentrations control, 40, 45, 50 and 55 mg/L of K2Cr2O7 for LC50-96h. The experiment was carried out in triplicate, and 21 fish per each treatment, Physicochemical properties of water were measured continuously throughout the experiment. The temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and salinity were 26 ◦c, 7.05, 8.84 mgO2 L-1 and 37.5 ppt, respectively. A number of mortality and behavioral responses of fish were recorded after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. LC50 values were determined with probate analysis. The 96 hour LC50 value of K2Cr2O7 to the fish was found to be 48.82 ppm. In addition, behavioural changes increased with increased concentration. The results obtained in this study clearly revealed the fact that it is necessary to control the use of a heavy metal such as dichromate potassium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marin%20fish-%20lc50" title="marin fish- lc50">marin fish- lc50</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dicromat%20potassium" title=" dicromat potassium"> dicromat potassium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lc50" title=" lc50"> lc50</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortality" title=" mortality"> mortality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142035/acute-toxicity-and-the-effects-of-dichromate-potassium-k2cr2o7-in-sobaity-seabream-sparidebtex-hasta" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Software-Defined Networks in Utility Power Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ava%20Salmanpour">Ava Salmanpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanieh%20Saeedi"> Hanieh Saeedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Payam%20Rouhi"> Payam Rouhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Hamzeil"> Elahe Hamzeil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shima%20Alimohammadi"> Shima Alimohammadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siamak%20Hossein%20Khalaj"> Siamak Hossein Khalaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Asadian"> Mohammad Asadian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Software-defined network (SDN) is a network architecture designed to control network using software application in a central manner. This ability enables remote control of the whole network regardless of the network technology. In fact, in this architecture network intelligence is separated from physical infrastructure, it means that required network components can be implemented virtually using software applications. Today, power networks are characterized by a high range of complexity with a large number of intelligent devices, processing both huge amounts of data and important information. Therefore, reliable and secure communication networks are required. SDNs are the best choice to meet this issue. In this paper, SDN networks capabilities and characteristics will be reviewed and different basic controllers will be compared. The importance of using SDNs to escalate efficiency and reliability in utility power networks is going to be discussed and the comparison between the SDN-based power networks and traditional networks will be explained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software-defined%20network" title="software-defined network">software-defined network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SDNs" title=" SDNs"> SDNs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utility%20network" title=" utility network"> utility network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20flow" title=" open flow"> open flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20and%20electricity" title=" gas and electricity"> gas and electricity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controller" title=" controller"> controller</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155341/software-defined-networks-in-utility-power-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Assessing Firm Readiness to Implement Cloud Computing: Toward a Comprehensive Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Mohammadbagher%20Jafari">Seyed Mohammadbagher Jafari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Mahdizadeh"> Elahe Mahdizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masomeh%20Ghahremani"> Masomeh Ghahremani </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays almost all organizations depend on information systems to run their businesses. Investment on information systems and their maintenance to keep them always in best situation to support firm business is one of the main issues for every organization. The new concept of cloud computing was developed as a technical and economic model to address this issue. In cloud computing the computing resources, including networks, applications, hardwares and services are configured as needed and are available at the moment of request. However, migration to cloud is not an easy task and there are many issues that should be taken into account. This study tries to provide a comprehensive model to assess a firm readiness to implement cloud computing. By conducting a systematic literature review, four dimensions of readiness were extracted which include technological, human, organizational and environmental dimensions. Every dimension has various criteria that have been discussed in details. This model provides a framework for cloud computing readiness assessment. Organizations that intend to migrate to cloud can use this model as a tool to assess their firm readiness before making any decision on cloud implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title="cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20readiness" title=" human readiness"> human readiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20readiness" title=" organizational readiness"> organizational readiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=readiness%20assessment%20model" title=" readiness assessment model"> readiness assessment model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30893/assessing-firm-readiness-to-implement-cloud-computing-toward-a-comprehensive-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane in Poly Lactic Acid and Poly Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate Blend</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Moradi">Elahe Moradi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hoseinali%20A.%20Khonakdar"> Hoseinali A. Khonakdar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The escalating interest in renewable polymers is undeniable, albeit accompanied by inherent challenges. In our study, we endeavored to make a significant contribution to environmental conservation by introducing an eco-friendly structure, developed through an innovative approach. Specifically, we enhanced the compatibility between two immiscible polymers, namely poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). Our strategy involved the use of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) nanoparticles, equipped with an epoxy functional group (Epoxy-POSS), to accomplish this objective with solution casting method. The incorporation of 1% nanoparticles into the PLA blend resulted in a decrease in its cold crystallization temperature. Furthermore, these nanoparticles possess the requisite capability to enhance molecular mobility, facilitated by the induction of a lubrication effect. The emergence of a PLA-CO-POSS-CO-PBAT structure at the interface between PLA and PBAT led to a significant amplification of the interactions at the interface of the matrix and the dispersed phase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compatibilization" title="compatibilization">compatibilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20behavior" title=" thermal behavior"> thermal behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure-properties" title=" structure-properties"> structure-properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title=" nanocomposite"> nanocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLA" title=" PLA"> PLA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PBAT" title=" PBAT"> PBAT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179141/polyhedral-oligomeric-silsesquioxane-in-poly-lactic-acid-and-poly-butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate-blend" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">53</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> The Effect of Using LDOCE on Iranian EFL Learners’ Pronunciation Accuracy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Hadi%20Mahmoodi">Mohammad Hadi Mahmoodi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Saedpanah"> Elahe Saedpanah </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since pronunciation is among those factors that can have strong effects on EFL learners’ successful communication, instructional programs with accurate pronunciation purposes seem to be a necessity in any L2 teaching context. The widespread use of smart mobile phones brings with itself various educational applications, which can assist foreign language learners in learning and speaking another language other than their L1. In line with this supportive innovation, the present study investigated the role of LDOCE (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English), a mobile application, on improving Iranian EFL learners’ pronunciation accuracy. To this aim, 40 EFL learners studying English at the intermediate level participated in the current study. This was an experimental research with two groups of 20 students in an experimental and a control group. The data were collected through the administration of a pronunciation pretest before the instruction and a post-test after the treatment. In addition, the assessment was based on the pupils’ recorded voices while reading the selected words. The results of the independent samples t-test indicated that using LDOCE significantly affected Iranian EFL learners' pronunciation accuracy with those in the experimental group outperforming their control group counterparts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LDOCE" title="LDOCE">LDOCE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EFL%20learners" title=" EFL learners"> EFL learners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pronunciation%20accuracy" title=" pronunciation accuracy"> pronunciation accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CALL" title=" CALL"> CALL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MALL" title=" MALL"> MALL</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19146/the-effect-of-using-ldoce-on-iranian-efl-learners-pronunciation-accuracy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">548</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Poly (Lactic Acid)/Poly (Butylene Adipate-Co-terephthalate) Films Reinforced with Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Moradi">Elahe Moradi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Ali%20Khonakdar"> Hossein Ali Khonakdar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the context of the growing interest in renewable polymers, this study presents an innovative approach to environmental conservation through the development of an eco-friendly structure. The research focused on enhancing the compatibility between two immiscible polymers, poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), using polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) nanoparticles with an epoxy functional group (Epoxy-POSS). This was achieved through a solution casting method. The study found that the modulus in the glassy region for blends containing Epoxy-POSS was significantly higher than that of the PLA/PBAT blend without Epoxy-POSS. However, in the transition and rubbery regions, the modulus of the Epoxy-POSS-containing blends was only marginally greater. From a mechanical properties’ perspective, the study demonstrated that the incorporation of POSS-EPOXY at varying concentrations enhanced the tensile strength of the PLA/PBAT blend by 30%, thereby acting as a reinforcement. This finding underscores the potential of this approach in the development of renewable polymers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Polyhedral%20oligomeric%20silsesquioxane" title="Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane">Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20behavior" title=" mechanical behavior"> mechanical behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLA" title=" PLA"> PLA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PBAT" title=" PBAT"> PBAT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title=" nanocomposite"> nanocomposite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179381/poly-lactic-acidpoly-butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate-films-reinforced-with-polyhedral-oligomeric-silsesquioxane-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> The Role of Paper in the Copy Identification of Safavid Era Shahnamehs of Tabriz Doctrine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashrafosadat%20Mousavi%20Lar">Ashrafosadat Mousavi Lar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Moravej"> Elahe Moravej</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To investigate and explain the history of each copy, we must refer to its past because it highlights parts of the civilization of people among which this copy has been codified. In this paper, eight Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh of Safavid era of Tabriz doctrine available in Iranian libraries and museums are studied. Undoubtedly, it can be said that Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh is one of the most important books that has been transcribed many times in different eras because it explains the Iranian champions’ prowess and it includes the history of Iran from Pishdadian to Sasanian dynasty. In addition, it has been attractive for governors and artists. The research methodology of this article is based on the analytical-descriptive arguments. The research hypothesis is based on papers used in Shahnameh writing in Safavid era of Tabriz doctrine were mostly Isfahanian papers existed. At that time, Isfahanian paper was unique in terms of quality, clarity, flatness of the sheets, volume, shape, softness and elegance, strength, and smoothness. This paper was mostly used to prepare the courtier and exquisite copies. This shows that the prepared copies in Safavid era of Tabriz doctrine were very important because the artists and people who ordered and were out of the court have ordered Isfahanian paper for writing their books. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paper" title="paper">paper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahnameh" title=" Shahnameh"> Shahnameh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safavid%20era" title=" Safavid era"> Safavid era</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tabriz%20doctrine" title=" Tabriz doctrine"> Tabriz doctrine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34893/the-role-of-paper-in-the-copy-identification-of-safavid-era-shahnamehs-of-tabriz-doctrine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34893.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Ranking Effective Factors on Strategic Planning to Achieve Organization Objectives in Fuzzy Multivariate Decision-Making Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Memari">Elahe Memari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Aslizadeh"> Ahmad Aslizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Memari"> Ahmad Memari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today strategic planning is counted as the most important duties of senior directors in each organization. Strategic planning allows the organizations to implement compiled strategies and reach higher competitive benefits than their competitors. The present research work tries to prepare and rank the strategies form effective factors on strategic planning in fulfillment of the State Road Management and Transportation Organization in order to indicate the role of organizational factors in efficiency of the process to organization managers. Connection between six main factors in fulfillment of State Road Management and Transportation Organization were studied here, including Improvement of Strategic Thinking in senior managers, improvement of the organization business process, rationalization of resources allocation in different parts of the organization, coordination and conformity of strategic plan with organization needs, adjustment of organization activities with environmental changes, reinforcement of organizational culture. All said factors approved by implemented tests and then ranked using fuzzy multivariate decision-making technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fuzzy%20TOPSIS" title="Fuzzy TOPSIS">Fuzzy TOPSIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvement%20of%20organization%20business%20process" title=" improvement of organization business process"> improvement of organization business process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multivariate%20decision-making" title=" multivariate decision-making"> multivariate decision-making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20planning" title=" strategic planning"> strategic planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55021/ranking-effective-factors-on-strategic-planning-to-achieve-organization-objectives-in-fuzzy-multivariate-decision-making-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55021.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Effectiveness of Short-Term Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy on Binge Eating Disorder in Females</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Dehnavi">Saeed Dehnavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Asadallahi"> Ismail Asadallahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Rahmatian"> Fatemeh Rahmatian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Rahimian"> Elahe Rahimian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Due to an increasing prevalence of over eating disorders, this paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of short-term group cognitive-behavioral therapy on reducing binge eating behavior and depression symptoms among females suffered from binge eating disorder (BED) in Qazvin, Iran. Methodology: This is aquasi-experimental study (pre-post testing plan with control group). Using a convenience sampling technique, binge eating scale (BES) and clinical interviews, 30 persons were selected among all clients who had referred to weight loss centers in Qazvin, these persons were randomly placed into two control and experimental groups. The experimental group participated in a seven-session plan on short-term cognitive-behavioral group therapy. Results: The results showed that the short term group cognitive-behavioral therapy results in a significant reduction in binge eating signs and depressive symptoms within the experimental group, compared to the control. Conclusion: Regarding the results, it is known that short-term group cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective in reducing overeating symptoms. Hence, it can be used as an economical and effective treatment method for individuals suffering from BED. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive-behavioral%20group%20therapy" title="cognitive-behavioral group therapy">cognitive-behavioral group therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binge%20eating%20disorder" title=" binge eating disorder"> binge eating disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11613/effectiveness-of-short-term-cognitive-behavioral-group-therapy-on-binge-eating-disorder-in-females" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Review of the Effect of Strategic Planning on Fulfillment of State Road Management and Transportation Organization Objectives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Memari">Elahe Memari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Aslizadeh"> Ahmad Aslizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Memari"> Ahmad Memari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To compile and execute a strategy for State Road Management and Transportation Organization, we need to identify and include them in the process of planning. Therefore, present research work tries to rely on experiences by managers and experts from State Road Management and Transportation Organization and other sources like books, magazines and new papers, such factors have to be identified and be applied in this important and vital process before proceeding to strategic planning. Trying to present a conceptual model from factors effective on strategic planning success in fulfillment of State Road Management and Transportation Organization, the present research figures on indicating the role of organizational factors in efficiency of the process to managers. In this research connection between six main factors studied in fulfillment of State Road Management and Transportation Organization objectives. The factors are improvement of strategic thinking in senior managers, improvement of organization business, rationalizing resource allocation in different sections of the organization, conformity of strategic planning with organization needs, conformity of organization activities with environmental changes, stabilization of organizational culture, all approved through implemented tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvement%20of%20organization%20business" title="improvement of organization business">improvement of organization business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rationalization%20of%20resource%20allocation%20in%20different%20sections%20of%20the%20organization" title=" rationalization of resource allocation in different sections of the organization"> rationalization of resource allocation in different sections of the organization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability%20of%20organizational%20culture" title=" stability of organizational culture"> stability of organizational culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20planning" title=" strategic planning"> strategic planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54989/review-of-the-effect-of-strategic-planning-on-fulfillment-of-state-road-management-and-transportation-organization-objectives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Investigation of the Effect of Teaching Thinking and Research Lesson by Cooperative and Traditional Methods on Creativity of Sixth Grade Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faroogh%20Khakzad">Faroogh Khakzad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzieh%20Dehghani"> Marzieh Dehghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Hejazi"> Elahe Hejazi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study investigates the effect of teaching a Thinking and Research lesson by cooperative and traditional methods on the creativity of sixth-grade students in Piranshahr province. The statistical society includes all the sixth-grade students of Piranshahr province. The sample of this studytable was selected by available sampling from among male elementary schools of Piranshahr. They were randomly assigned into two groups of cooperative teaching method and traditional teaching method. The design of the study is quasi-experimental with a control group. In this study, to assess students’ creativity, Abedi’s creativity questionnaire was used. Based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, the reliability of the factor flow was 0.74, innovation was 0.61, flexibility was 0.63, and expansion was 0.68. To analyze the data, t-test, univariate and multivariate covariance analysis were used for evaluation of the difference of means and the pretest and posttest scores. The findings of the research showed that cooperative teaching method does not significantly increase creativity (p > 0.05). Moreover, cooperative teaching method was found to have significant effect on flow factor (p < 0.05), but in innovation and expansion factors no significant effect was observed (p < 0.05). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20teaching%20method" title="cooperative teaching method">cooperative teaching method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20teaching%20method" title=" traditional teaching method"> traditional teaching method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creativity" title=" creativity"> creativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow" title=" flow"> flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation" title=" innovation"> innovation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexibility" title=" flexibility"> flexibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expansion" title=" expansion"> expansion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thinking%20and%20research%20lesson" title=" thinking and research lesson"> thinking and research lesson</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81155/investigation-of-the-effect-of-teaching-thinking-and-research-lesson-by-cooperative-and-traditional-methods-on-creativity-of-sixth-grade-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Fuzzy Nail Cream Formula Treatment with Basic Iranian Traditional Medicine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Najafizade">Elahe Najafizade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Mohammad%20Alkhateeb"> Ahmad Mohammad Alkhateeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Ali%20Hossein%20Zahraei"> Seyed Ali Hossein Zahraei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20Dianat"> Iman Dianat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Hangnails are short, torn, down parts of the skin surrounding the nails. At times they are very painful. The usual treatment advised is cutting the excess skin with clippers or scissors. To provide instant relief to the patients, we describe a simpler and more effective way to use surgical glue to paste them back into their original position. Method: The cream should not be on the heat; it is on the bain-marie. To achieve the desired emulsifier, 1 gram of borax was mixed in 10 grams of distilled water in a bain-marie until it melted, then stirred oserin, beeswax, and oil in the bain-marie until it melted. After that, 32 grams of distilled water was added little by little. We add and stir and gradually add the borax dissolved in 10 grams of distilled water. The bowl of cream was placed in a bowl of cold water and stirred until the cream was smooth. After that, we add gasoline, alcohol, or methylparaben preservatives. It should be noted that this amount of ingredients is enough for a 350-gram can (when we prepare the cream, we also add the extract). Result: The patient was a 40-year-old female with a hangnail problem that had been used several different creams and Vaseline, but the treatment was not useful, but after this cream was applied for treatment; the hangnail started to cure within one week, and complete treatment achieved after two weeks. Conclusion: Traditional methods with modification without using chemical substances somehow work better and safer, so research programs on them will be useful for less risky treatment procedures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nail" title="nail">nail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cream" title=" cream"> cream</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formula" title=" formula"> formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20medicine" title=" traditional medicine"> traditional medicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160894/fuzzy-nail-cream-formula-treatment-with-basic-iranian-traditional-medicine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160894.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Sustainable Land Use Evaluation Based on Preservative Approach: Neighborhoods of Susa City </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somaye%20Khademi">Somaye Khademi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Zoghi%20Hoseini"> Elahe Zoghi Hoseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Norouzi"> Mostafa Norouzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Determining the manner of land-use and the spatial structure of cities on the one hand, and the economic value of each piece of land, on the other hand, land-use planning is always considered as the main part of urban planning. In this regard, emphasizing the efficient use of land, the sustainable development approach has presented a new perspective on urban planning and consequently on its most important pillar, i.e. land-use planning. In order to evaluate urban land-use, it has been attempted in this paper to select the most significant indicators affecting urban land-use and matching sustainable development indicators. Due to the significance of preserving ancient monuments and the surroundings as one of the main pillars of achieving sustainability, in this research, sustainability indicators have been selected emphasizing the preservation of ancient monuments and historical observance of the city of Susa as one of the historical cities of Iran. It has also been attempted to integrate these criteria with other land-use sustainability indicators. For this purpose, Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) and the AHP model have been used for providing maps displaying spatial density and combining layers as well as providing final maps respectively. Moreover, the rating of sustainability will be studied in different districts of the city of Shush so as to evaluate the status of land sustainability in different parts of the city. The results of the study show that different neighborhoods of Shush do not have the same sustainability in land-use such that neighborhoods located in the eastern half of the city, i.e. the new neighborhoods, have a higher sustainability than those of the western half. It seems that the allocation of a high percentage of these areas to arid lands and historical areas is one of the main reasons for their sustainability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city%20of%20Susa" title="city of Susa">city of Susa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20heritage" title=" historical heritage"> historical heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land-use%20evaluation" title=" land-use evaluation"> land-use evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20sustainable%20development" title=" urban sustainable development"> urban sustainable development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87936/sustainable-land-use-evaluation-based-on-preservative-approach-neighborhoods-of-susa-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87936.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Translation Directionality: An Eye Tracking Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Kamari">Elahe Kamari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research on translation process has been conducted for more than 20 years, investigating various issues and using different research methodologies. Most recently, researchers have started to use eye tracking to study translation processes. They believed that the observable, measurable data that can be gained from eye tracking are indicators of unobservable cognitive processes happening in the translators’ mind during translation tasks. The aim of this study was to investigate directionality in translation processes through using eye tracking. The following hypotheses were tested: 1) processing the target text requires more cognitive effort than processing the source text, in both directions of translation; 2) L2 translation tasks on the whole require more cognitive effort than L1 tasks; 3) cognitive resources allocated to the processing of the source text is higher in L1 translation than in L2 translation; 4) cognitive resources allocated to the processing of the target text is higher in L2 translation than in L1 translation; and 5) in both directions non-professional translators invest more cognitive effort in translation tasks than do professional translators. The performance of a group of 30 male professional translators was compared with that of a group of 30 male non-professional translators. All the participants translated two comparable texts one into their L1 (Persian) and the other into their L2 (English). The eye tracker measured gaze time, average fixation duration, total task length and pupil dilation. These variables are assumed to measure the cognitive effort allocated to the translation task. The data derived from eye tracking only confirmed the first hypothesis. This hypothesis was confirmed by all the relevant indicators: gaze time, average fixation duration and pupil dilation. The second hypothesis that L2 translation tasks requires allocation of more cognitive resources than L1 translation tasks has not been confirmed by all four indicators. The third hypothesis that source text processing requires more cognitive resources in L1 translation than in L2 translation and the fourth hypothesis that target text processing requires more cognitive effort in L2 translation than L1 translation were not confirmed. It seems that source text processing in L2 translation can be just as demanding as in L1 translation. The final hypothesis that non-professional translators allocate more cognitive resources for the same translation tasks than do the professionals was partially confirmed. One of the indicators, average fixation duration, indicated higher cognitive effort-related values for professionals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=translation%20processes" title="translation processes">translation processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye%20tracking" title=" eye tracking"> eye tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20resources" title=" cognitive resources"> cognitive resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directionality" title=" directionality"> directionality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36599/translation-directionality-an-eye-tracking-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> „Real and Symbolic in Poetics of Multiplied Screens and Images“</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristina%20Horvat%20Blazinovic">Kristina Horvat Blazinovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the context of a work of art, one can talk about the idea-concept-term-intention expressed by the artist by using various forms of repetition (external, material, visible repetition). Such repetitions of elements (images in space or moving visual and sound images in time) suggest a "covert", "latent" ("dressed") repetition – i.e., "hidden", "latent" term-intention-idea. Repeating in this way reveals a "deeper truth" that the viewer needs to decode and which is hidden "under" the technical manifestation of the multiplied images. It is not only images, sounds, and screens that are repeated - something else is repeated through them as well, even if, in some cases, the very idea of repetition is repeated. This paper examines serial images and single-channel or multi-channel artwork in the field of video/film art and video installations, which in a way implies the concept of repetition and multiplication. Moving or static images and screens (as multi-screens) are repeated in time and space. The categories of the real and the symbolic partly refer to the Lacan registers of reality, i.e., the Imaginary - Symbolic – Real trinity that represents the orders within which human subjectivity is established. Authors such as Bruce Nauman, VALIE EXPORT, Ragnar Kjartansson, Wolf Vostell, Shirin Neshat, Paul Sharits, Harun Farocki, Dalibor Martinis, Andy Warhol, Douglas Gordon, Bill Viola, Frank Gillette, and Ira Schneider, and Marina Abramovic problematize, in different ways, the concept and procedures of multiplication - repetition, but not in the sense of "copying" and "repetition" of reality or the original, but of repeated repetitions of the simulacrum. Referential works of art are often connected by the theme of the traumatic. Repetitions of images and situations are a response to the traumatic (experience) - repetition itself is a symptom of trauma. On the other hand, repeating and multiplying traumatic images results in a new traumatic effect or cancels it. Reflections on repetition as a temporal and spatial phenomenon are in line with the chapters that link philosophical considerations of space and time and experience temporality with their manifestation in works of art. The observations about time and the relation of perception and memory are according to Henry Bergson and his conception of duration (durée) as "quality of quantity." The video works intended to be displayed as a video loop, express the idea of infinite duration ("pure time," according to Bergson). The Loop wants to be always present - to fixate in time. Wholeness is unrecognizable because the intention is to make the effect infinitely cyclic. Reflections on time and space end with considerations about the occurrence and effects of time and space intervals as places and moments "between" – the points of connection and separation, of continuity and stopping - by reference to the "interval theory" of Soviet filmmaker DzigaVertov. The scale of opportunities that can be explored in interval mode is wide. Intervals represent the perception of time and space in the form of pauses, interruptions, breaks (e.g., emotional, dramatic, or rhythmic) denote emptiness or silence, distance, proximity, interstitial space, or a gap between various states. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20installation" title="video installation">video installation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repetition" title=" repetition"> repetition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-screen" title=" multi-screen"> multi-screen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20and%20symbolic" title=" real and symbolic"> real and symbolic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loop" title=" loop"> loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20art" title=" video art"> video art</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interval" title=" interval"> interval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=video%20time" title=" video time"> video time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142071/real-and-symbolic-in-poetics-of-multiplied-screens-and-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142071.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nb: Si: (a-C) Thin Films Prepared Using Balanced Magnetron Sputtering System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Khamseh">Sara Khamseh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elahe%20Sharifi"> Elahe Sharifi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 321 alloy steel is austenitic stainless steel with high oxidation resistance and is commonly used to fabricate heat exchangers and steam generators. However, the low hardness and weak tribological performance can cause dangerous failures during industrial operations. The well-designed protective coatings on 321 alloy steel surfaces with high hardness and good tribological performance can guarantee their safe applications. The surface protection of metal substrates using protective coatings showed high efficiency in prevailing these problems. Carbon-based multicomponent coatings, such as metal-added amorphous carbon coatings, are crucially necessary because of their remarkable mechanical and tribological performances. In the current study, (Nb: Si: a-C) multicomponent coatings (a-C: amorphous carbon) were coated on 321 alloys using a balanced magnetron (BM) sputtering system at room temperature. The effects of the Si/Nb ratio on microstructure, mechanical and tribological characteristics of (Nb: Si: a-C) composite coatings were investigated. The XRD and Raman analysis results showed that the coatings formed a composite structure of cubic diamond (C-D), NbC, and graphite-like carbon (GLC). The NbC phase's abundance decreased when the C-D phase's affluence increased with an increasing Si/Nb ratio. The coatings' indentation hardness and plasticity index (H³/E² ratio) increased with an increasing Si/Nb ratio. The better mechanical properties of the coatings with higher Si content can be attributed to the higher cubic diamond (C-D) content. The cubic diamond (C-D) is a challenging phase and can positively affect the mechanical performance of the coatings. It is well documented that in hard protective coatings, Si encourages amorphization. In addition, THE studies showed that Nb and Mo can act as a catalyst for nucleation and growth of hard cubic (C-D) and hexagonal (H-D) diamond phases in a-C coatings. In the current study, it seems that fully arranged nanocomposite coatings contain hard C-D and NbC phases that embedded in the amorphous carbon (GLC) phase is formed. This unique structure decreased grain boundary density and defects and resulted in high hardness and H³/E² ratio. Moreover, the COF and wear rate of the coatings decreased with increasing Si/Nb ratio. This can be attributed to the good mechanical properties of the coatings and the formation of graphite-like carbon (GLC) structure with lamellae arrangement in the coatings. The complex and self-lubricant coatings are successfully formed on the surface of 321 alloys. The results of the present study clarified that Si addition to (Nb: a-C) coatings improve the mechanical and tribological performance of the coatings on 321 alloy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COF" title="COF">COF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%28Nb%3A%20Si%3A%20a-C%29%20coatings" title=" (Nb: Si: a-C) coatings"> (Nb: Si: a-C) coatings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wear%20rate" title=" Wear rate"> Wear rate</a> </p> <a 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