Epidemiologia | An Open Access Journal from MDPI

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<option value="toxins" > Toxins </option> <option value="transplantology" > Transplantology </option> <option value="traumacare" > Trauma Care </option> <option value="higheredu" > Trends in Higher Education </option> <option value="tropicalmed" > Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed) </option> <option value="universe" > Universe </option> <option value="urbansci" > Urban Science </option> <option value="uro" > Uro </option> <option value="vaccines" > Vaccines </option> <option value="vehicles" > Vehicles </option> <option value="venereology" > Venereology </option> <option value="vetsci" > Veterinary Sciences </option> <option value="vibration" > Vibration </option> <option value="virtualworlds" > Virtual Worlds </option> <option value="viruses" > Viruses </option> <option value="vision" > Vision </option> <option value="waste" > Waste </option> <option value="water" > Water </option> <option value="wild" > Wild </option> <option value="wind" > Wind </option> <option 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class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="journal__description"> <h1> <em>Epidemiologia</em> </h1> <div class="journal__description__content"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> is an international, <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/editorial_process">peer-reviewed</a>, open access journal on epidemiologic research published quarterly online by MDPI. The <a href="https://www.simaitalia.org/">Italian Society of Environmental Medicine (SIMA)</a> is affiliated with <em>Epidemiologia</em>, and its members receive discounts on article processing charges.<br /> <ul> <li><strong><span class="label openaccess"><a title="Open Access" href="https://mdpi.com/openaccess">Open Access</a></span></strong>— free for readers, with <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/epidemiologia/apc">article processing charges (APC)</a> paid by authors or their institutions.</li> <li><strong>High Visibility:</strong> indexed within <a href="https://mjl.clarivate.com/journal-profile">ESCI (Web of Science)</a>, <a href="https://www.scopus.com/sourceid/21101164973">Scopus</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/4322/">PMC</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=%222673-3986%22&sort=pubdate">PubMed</a>, <a href="https://www.ifis.org/fsta">FSTA</a>, and <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/epidemiologia/indexing">other databases</a>.</li> <li><strong>Rapid Publication:</strong> manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 19.6 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.7 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).</li> <li><strong><strong><strong><strong>Journal Rank: </strong></strong></strong></strong>CiteScore - Q2 (<em>Medicine (miscellaneous)</em>)</li> <li><strong>Recognition of Reviewers:</strong> APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names published annually in the journal.</li> <li><strong><em>Epidemiologia</em> is a companion journal of</strong> <em><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/JCM">JCM</a></em>.</li> </ul> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 15px;"> </div> <div> <a href="/journal/epidemiologia/imprint" class="UI_JournalImprintsInfoButton"> <i class="material-icons spaced-link">subject</i> Imprint Information </a>    <a href="/journal/epidemiologia/epidemiologia_flyer.pdf" class="UD_JournalFlyer"> <i class="material-icons spaced-link">get_app</i> Journal Flyer </a>     <a class="oa-link" href="https://www.mdpi.com/about/openaccess"> <i class="material icons spaced-link"></i> Open Access </a>     <strong> ISSN: 2673-3986 </strong> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container content__container--overflow-initial"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link active"> <h2 class="no-padding-left">Latest Articles</h2> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content"> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item no-border"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 9 pages, 624 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/4/49/pdf?version=1732279668" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="From Conquests to Epidemics in 18th-Century South America: A Reflection on Social Resilience and Reconstruction: Review of the Literature" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/4/49">From Conquests to Epidemics in 18th-Century South America: A Reflection on Social Resilience and Reconstruction: Review of the Literature</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jorge Hugo Villafañe</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(4), 706-714; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5040049">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5040049</a> - 22 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Background/Objectives: This narrative review examines resilience and social reconstruction strategies implemented during the 1742–1743 plague along the Royal Road between Buenos Aires and Lima. The study explores how colonial authorities managed the epidemic and its long-term effects, providing insights into historical crisis management <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/4/49/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Background/Objectives: This narrative review examines resilience and social reconstruction strategies implemented during the 1742–1743 plague along the Royal Road between Buenos Aires and Lima. The study explores how colonial authorities managed the epidemic and its long-term effects, providing insights into historical crisis management and public health governance. Methods: A systematic analysis of primary and secondary historical records was conducted to identify public health measures, such as quarantines, hospital construction, and administrative reforms. Sources were retrieved from archives and databases, focusing on resilience strategies and institutional responses to the epidemic. Results: The findings highlight key public health interventions designed to contain the epidemic and mitigate its impacts. These included the establishment of quarantines, the construction of temporary hospitals, and administrative adaptations. Religious practices, such as novenas and community prayers, complemented institutional responses. The study underscores the role of colonial governance in adapting under epidemic pressures, illustrating an emergent institutional resilience. Conclusions: The 1742–1743 plague along the Royal Road serves as a case study for understanding the intersection of health crises and institutional adaptability. The review emphasizes the importance of coordinated public health measures and governance in addressing pandemics, offering lessons on resilience and social reconstruction applicable to contemporary health crises. This historical perspective enriches current discussions on crisis management and public health policy. <a href="/2673-3986/5/4/49">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/epidemiologia/special_issues/385S040SM6 ">Epidemics Throughout the History</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/4/49/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1527163-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00049/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00049-g001-550.jpg?1732279754" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1527163-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00049/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00049-g001-550.jpg?1732279754" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Geographic spread of the 1742–1743 plague along the Royal Road between Buenos Aires and Lima.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/4/49'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="extending-content content-ready"> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1523607" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1523607" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1523607" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2673-3986/5/4/48/s1?version=1731938906"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 122 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 14 pages, 254 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/4/48/pdf?version=1731938905" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="A Two-Country Questionnaire Study of Biomedical Student Opinions Regarding Online Teaching During COVID-19" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/4/48">A Two-Country Questionnaire Study of Biomedical Student Opinions Regarding Online Teaching During COVID-19</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Irena Ognjanovic</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Irina Yakushina</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Elena Shustikova</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria Mikerova</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Vladimir Reshetnikov</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sara Mijailovic</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jelena Nedeljkovic</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Dragan Milovanovic</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ljiljana Tasic</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Vladimir Jakovljevic</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tamara Nikolic Turnic</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(4), 692-705; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5040048">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5040048</a> - 18 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the opinions of biomedical students from Russia and Central Serbia about learning methods in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a comparative questionnaire study that used the validated questionnaire tool eMedQ, <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/4/48/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the opinions of biomedical students from Russia and Central Serbia about learning methods in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a comparative questionnaire study that used the validated questionnaire tool eMedQ, conducted via the online platform Anketolog.ru from February to May 2022 at Sechenov University and the University of Kragujevac in the same period. At Sechenov University, 694 students took part in the survey, while at the University of Kragujevac, the total number of participants was 209. The eMedQ questionnaire, in Russian and Serbian, consists of 45 closed-ended questions with 7 domains: demographic characteristics, experience with online teaching, education process (teaching organization), aspects of mental functioning, clinical skills, technical aspects, and quality of life. Results: During the COVID-19 lockdown, in Serbian and Russian biomedical faculties, we observed the high flexibility of Russian students with greater experience when it comes to online education before the pandemic compared to students from Serbia. Also, the Russian students declared that they were strongly motivated to achieve clinical skills and to learn, while a larger number of Serbian students reported disrupted mental functioning and learning problems. Conclusions: At the time of isolation, at Serbian and Russian biomedical faculties, we noticed the higher flexibility of Russian students with more experience than students from Serbia. Also, the Russian students declared that they were strongly motivated both to acquire clinical skills and to learn, while a larger number of Serbian students reported reduced mental functioning and learning problems. <a href="/2673-3986/5/4/48">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/epidemiologia/special_issues/L8MXO43W6R ">Public Mental Health Crisis during SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic—Part 2</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 23 pages, 628 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/4/47/pdf?version=1730896845" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Big Epidemiology: The Birth, Life, Death, and Resurgence of Diseases on a Global Timescale" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/4/47">Big Epidemiology: The Birth, Life, Death, and Resurgence of Diseases on a Global Timescale</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nicola Luigi Bragazzi</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Thorsten Lehr</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(4), 669-691; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5040047">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5040047</a> - 6 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Big Epidemiology represents an innovative framework that extends the interdisciplinary approach of Big History to understand disease patterns, causes, and effects across human history on a global scale. This comprehensive methodology integrates epidemiology, genetics, environmental science, sociology, history, and data science to address <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/4/47/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Big Epidemiology represents an innovative framework that extends the interdisciplinary approach of Big History to understand disease patterns, causes, and effects across human history on a global scale. This comprehensive methodology integrates epidemiology, genetics, environmental science, sociology, history, and data science to address contemporary and future public health challenges through a broad historical and societal lens. The foundational research agenda involves mapping the historical occurrence of diseases and their impact on societies over time, utilizing archeological findings, biological data, and historical records. By analyzing skeletal remains, ancient DNA, and artifacts, researchers can trace the origins and spread of diseases, such as <i>Yersinia pestis</i> in the Black Death. Historical documents, including chronicles and medical treatises, provide contextual narratives and quantitative data on past disease outbreaks, societal responses, and disruptions. Modern genetic studies reveal the evolution and migration patterns of pathogens and human adaptations to diseases, offering insights into co-evolutionary dynamics. This integrative approach allows for temporal and spatial mapping of disease patterns, linking them to social upheavals, population changes, and economic transformations. Big Epidemiology also examines the roles of environmental changes and socioeconomic factors in disease emergence and re-emergence, incorporating climate science, urban development, and economic history to inform public health strategies. The framework reviews historical and contemporary policy responses to pandemics, aiming to enhance future global health governance. By addressing ethical, legal, and societal implications, Big Epidemiology seeks to ensure responsible and effective epidemiological research and interventions. This approach aims to profoundly impact how we understand, prevent, and respond to diseases, leveraging historical perspectives to enrich modern scientific inquiry and global public health strategies. <a href="/2673-3986/5/4/47">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/4/47/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1515253-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00047/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00047-g001-550.jpg?1730896939" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1515253-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00047/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00047-g001-550.jpg?1730896939" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Integrative framework of Big Epidemiology.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/4/47'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 11 pages, 460 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/4/46/pdf?version=1729066961" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Cycle Threshold Values of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR during Outbreaks in Nursing Homes: A Retrospective Cohort Study" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/4/46">Cycle Threshold Values of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR during Outbreaks in Nursing Homes: A Retrospective Cohort Study</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Juan Carlos Gascó-Laborda</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria Gil-Fortuño</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria Dolores Tirado-Balaguer</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Noemi Meseguer-Ferrer</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Oihana Sabalza-Baztán</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Óscar Pérez-Olaso</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Iris Gómez-Alfaro</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sandrine Poujois-Gisbert</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Noelia Hernández-Pérez</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lledó Lluch-Bacas</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Viorica Rusen</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alberto Arnedo-Pena</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Juan Bautista Bellido-Blasco</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(4), 658-668; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5040046">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5040046</a> - 16 Oct 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Backgound/Objectives: Cycle threshold (Ct) values of SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests are associated with infectivity and viral load, and they could be an aid in forecasting the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. The objective was to know the Ct values related <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/4/46/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Backgound/Objectives: Cycle threshold (Ct) values of SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests are associated with infectivity and viral load, and they could be an aid in forecasting the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. The objective was to know the Ct values related to the incidence and reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 in successive outbreaks, which took place in nursing homes in Castellon (Spain) during 2020–2022, and to test its usefulness as an instrument of epidemic surveillance in nursing homes. Methods: a retrospective cohort design with Poisson regression and multinomial logistic regression were used. Results: We studied four nursing home SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, and the average infection rate, reinfection rate, and case fatality were 72.7%, 19.9%, and 5.5%, respectively; 98.9% of residents were vaccinated with three doses of a mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Ct values for first infections and reinfections were 27.1 ± 6.6 and 31.9 ± 5.4 (<i>p</i> = 0.000). Considering Ct values ≥ 30 versus <30, residents with reinfections had Ct values higher than residents with a first infection, an adjusted relative risk of 1.66 (95% Confidence interval 1.10–2.51). A sensitivity analysis confirmed these results. Conclusions: Reinfection and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (hybrid immunity) could protect against severe disease better than vaccination alone. High Ct values suggest lower transmission and severity. Its value can be useful for surveillance and forecasting future SARS-CoV-2 epidemics. <a href="/2673-3986/5/4/46">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/4/46/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1499715-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00046/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00046-g001-550.jpg?1729067081" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1499715-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00046/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00046-g001-550.jpg?1729067081" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Flow diagram showing the residents of nursing homes participants with cycle threshold values (Ct) in the study.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/4/46'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 15 pages, 537 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/4/45/pdf?version=1728554740" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Resilience, Anger, and Insomnia in Nurses after the End of the Pandemic Crisis" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/4/45">Resilience, Anger, and Insomnia in Nurses after the End of the Pandemic Crisis</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Argyro Pachi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Aspasia Panagiotou</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nikolaos Soultanis</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria Ivanidou</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria Manta</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Christos Sikaras</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ioannis Ilias</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Athanasios Tselebis</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(4), 643-657; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5040045">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5040045</a> - 10 Oct 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Introduction: Nurses seem to be persistently experiencing intense psychological repercussions, even after the official conclusion of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this cross-sectional study conducted after the end of the pandemic crisis, from 1 June 2023 to 30 June 2023, we evaluated the levels <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/4/45/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Introduction: Nurses seem to be persistently experiencing intense psychological repercussions, even after the official conclusion of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this cross-sectional study conducted after the end of the pandemic crisis, from 1 June 2023 to 30 June 2023, we evaluated the levels and explored the associations between anger, insomnia, and resilience among Greek nurses. Methods: A total of 441 nurses participated in an online survey and were invited to state their work experience, gender, and age and to complete the self-report measures of the Dimensions of Anger Reactions-5 (DAR-5), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). Results: Overall, 62.1% of the participants presented with positive scores on the AIS, and 41.5% displayed positive values on the DAR-5 scale, whereas 24.9% demonstrated scores indicative of low resilience on the BRS. A regression analysis revealed that 23.5% of the variance in the AIS scores can be attributed to the DAR-5 scores and 3% to the BRS scores. A mediation analysis confirmed the protective role of resilience, contributing as a negative mediator in the DAR-5 and AIS relationship. Conclusions: Screening for insomnia symptoms and anger issues among nurses after the end of the pandemic and implementing appropriate interventions is considered imperative to avoid long-term health consequences. <a href="/2673-3986/5/4/45">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/4/45/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1495611-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00045/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00045-g001-550.jpg?1728554845" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1495611-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00045/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00045-g001-550.jpg?1728554845" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Mediation analysis of Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) on the Dimensions of Anger (DAR-5)/Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) relationship.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/4/45'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 16 pages, 331 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/4/44/pdf?version=1727347199" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Socio-Economic and Health Literacy Inequalities as Determinants of Women’s Knowledge about Their Reproductive System: A Cross-Sectional Study" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/4/44">Socio-Economic and Health Literacy Inequalities as Determinants of Women’s Knowledge about Their Reproductive System: A Cross-Sectional Study</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Viktória Prémusz</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Kálmán András Kovács</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Eszter Skriba</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zoltán Tándor</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gábor Szmatona</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Olívia Dózsa-Juhász</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(4), 627-642; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5040044">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5040044</a> - 26 Sep 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Background/Objectives: To support women’s informed decisions and reproductive self-care, confident reproductive health-related knowledge is needed, supported by adequate health literacy (HL). No corresponding survey has been carried out in Hungary on inequalities to provide information addressing education. Materials and Methods: In the current <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/4/44/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Background/Objectives: To support women’s informed decisions and reproductive self-care, confident reproductive health-related knowledge is needed, supported by adequate health literacy (HL). No corresponding survey has been carried out in Hungary on inequalities to provide information addressing education. Materials and Methods: In the current cross-sectional online survey, 301 women of reproductive age (27.16 ± 0.36 years) were asked with the Hungarian versions of validated and standardised questionnaires about reproductive knowledge on hormones, ovulation, menstrual cycle, pregnancy signs and birth control (Knowledge of Female Body Scale—KFB), and HL (Brief Health Literacy Screening Tool—BRIEF). Spearman correlation and multivariable linear regression analyses were utilised, with a significance level set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. IBM SPSS version 28.0 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp.) and G*Power (version 3.1.9.7; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany) software. The STROBE checklist was followed. The Clinical Trial Registry Nr. is NCT06146673. Results: The KFB composite score was high (20.01 ± 2.33); 86.374% had “high knowledge”. Still, lacking information was identified for the mechanisms of certain contraceptive methods and early physical signs of pregnancy. A significant difference was also found in the KFB scores in the case of higher age (<i>p</i> = 0.019), higher education level (<i>p</i> = 0.018) and previous live birth (<i>p</i> = 0.028). A positive correlation was found between KFB and HL (<i>p</i> < 0.001), education (<i>p</i> = 0.005), and age (<i>p</i> = 0.021). A multiple regression analysis (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.087, <i>p</i> < 0.001) indicated that both HL (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and age (<i>p</i> = 0.003) are potential positive predictors of adequate reproductive knowledge, whereas induced abortion (<i>p</i> = 0.013) might serve as an inverse predictor. Conclusions: Inequalities in women’s knowledge about their reproductive system and HL were found, and it was significantly the lowest in their highest conception probability age. Therefore, in addition to targeted education, HL also needs improvement. <a href="/2673-3986/5/4/44">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/epidemiologia/special_issues/VT2ZY8IDY3 ">Socio-Economic Inequalities in Health</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1479690" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1479690" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1479690" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/43/s1?version=1726572012"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 20 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 9 pages, 668 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/43/pdf?version=1726572011" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Alcohol Consumption and Cancer Risk: Two Sample Mendelian Randomization" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/3/43">Alcohol Consumption and Cancer Risk: Two Sample Mendelian Randomization</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yongho Jee</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mikyung Ryu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jae-Woong Sull</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(3), 618-626; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030043">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030043</a> - 17 Sep 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Although numerous observational studies have reported on the association between alcohol consumption and cancer, insufficient studies have estimated the causality. Our study evaluated the causal relationship between various types of cancer according to the frequency of drinking and the amount of alcohol consumed. <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/43/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Although numerous observational studies have reported on the association between alcohol consumption and cancer, insufficient studies have estimated the causality. Our study evaluated the causal relationship between various types of cancer according to the frequency of drinking and the amount of alcohol consumed. The research data were obtained from the publicly available MR-Base platform. The frequency and amount of drinking were selected as the exposure, and 16 cancer types were selected as the outcome. Two-sample summary data Mendelian randomization (2SMR) was conducted to examine the causality between alcohol consumption and cancer type. Additionally, for cancers suspected of pleiotropy, outliers were removed and re-analyzed through radial MR. The MR results using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method were different before and after removing outliers. The biggest differences were found for esophageal cancer and biliary tract cancer. For esophageal cancer, after removing outliers (rs13102973, rs540606, rs650558), the OR (95% CI) was 3.44 (1.19–9.89), which was statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.02172). Even in biliary tract cancer, after removing outliers (rs13231886, rs58905411), the OR (95% CI) was 3.86 (0.89–16.859), which was of borderline statistical significance (<i>p</i> = 0.07223). The strongest association was found for esophageal cancer. For other cancers, the evidence was not sufficient to draw conclusions. More research is needed to understand the causality between drinking and cancer. <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/43">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/43/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1479690"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1479690"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1479690" data-cycle-prev="#prev1479690" data-cycle-progressive="#images1479690" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1479690-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00043/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00043-g001-550.jpg?1726572095" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1479690" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1479690-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00043/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00043-g002-550.jpg?1726572096'><p>Figure 2</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1479690-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00043/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00043-g001-550.jpg?1726572095" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>(<b>A</b>) Radial MR results for esophageal cancer and outlier discovery (pink colored dots). (<b>B</b>) Radial MR results for esophageal cancer after removing outliers.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/43'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00043/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00043-g002-550.jpg?1726572096" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>(<b>A</b>) Scatter plot for esophageal cancer before removing outliers. (<b>B</b>) Radial MR results for esophageal cancer after removing outliers.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/43'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 13 pages, 1028 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/42/pdf?version=1725894306" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Conceptualization of Depression among Medical Students and Its Differences during Medical Education" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/3/42">Conceptualization of Depression among Medical Students and Its Differences during Medical Education</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Santi Arana-Ballestar</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ricardo Campos-Ródenas</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Beatriz Olaya</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Javier Santabárbara</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(3), 605-617; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030042">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030042</a> - 9 Sep 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The definition of mental disorders has been traditionally a matter of discussion, and it has relevant implications in research and healthcare. Our aim was to explore the conceptualization medical students have of depression and to determine differences across academic years. The Maudsley Attitudes <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/42/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The definition of mental disorders has been traditionally a matter of discussion, and it has relevant implications in research and healthcare. Our aim was to explore the conceptualization medical students have of depression and to determine differences across academic years. The Maudsley Attitudes Questionnaire was adapted through a double translation, double back-translation and a preliminary validation, obtaining a Spanish edition. All students of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Zaragoza and doctors who graduated from this University in 2020 were invited to answer the online questionnaire, and we received 222 answers (response rate: 15.2%). The results were compared by years and levels of education using an ANOVA. The social realist, behavioral, biological, cognitive and psychodynamic models were the most endorsed. The psychodynamic and nihilist models were less embraced by students in later educational years. These students also reported greater confidence in their understanding of depression and of its biological, cognitive and behavioral models. In conclusion, the conceptualization of depression among medical students is complex and multidimensional, and appears to be similar across different years of education. In later years, we found less support for the psychodynamic model, increased confidence in psychiatry and greater ease in handling the concepts of its leading models. <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/42">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/42/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1474612"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1474612"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1474612" data-cycle-prev="#prev1474612" data-cycle-progressive="#images1474612" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1474612-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00042/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00042-g001-550.jpg?1725894375" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1474612" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1474612-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00042/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00042-g002-550.jpg?1725894378'><p>Figure 2</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1474612-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00042/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00042-g001-550.jpg?1725894375" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Mean aggregate endorsement scores by model and level of education. 1 = strongly disagree, 3 = neutral, 5 = strongly agree (see text).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/42'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00042/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00042-g002-550.jpg?1725894378" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Mean aggregate endorsement scores by model and year of education. 1 = strongly disagree, 3 = neutral, 5 = strongly agree (see text).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/42'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 13 pages, 960 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/41/pdf?version=1725544508" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Occupational Health Problems among Cambodian Dentists: A Cross-Sectional Study" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/3/41">Occupational Health Problems among Cambodian Dentists: A Cross-Sectional Study</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Rodrigo Mariño</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Rithvitou Horn</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Moniroth Seat</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Konitha Hong</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sokpheakta Hen</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(3), 592-604; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030041">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030041</a> - 5 Sep 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Dental practitioners, as part of their work, are exposed to a variety of hazards. This highlights the ongoing need for attention to occupational health in the dental field. A cross-sectional study was organised to investigate the range, prevalence, and associated factors for occupational <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/41/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Dental practitioners, as part of their work, are exposed to a variety of hazards. This highlights the ongoing need for attention to occupational health in the dental field. A cross-sectional study was organised to investigate the range, prevalence, and associated factors for occupational health problems related to dental practice among Cambodian dentists. Participants underwent a face-to-face interview to explore dentists work-related health problems; 106 Cambodian dentists participated in this study, of which 68.9% were male. Ages ranged from 29 to 71 years, averaging 36.1 years, with the majority (77.4%) in the 29–40 age group. They had 5 to 18 years of practice experience, and worked an average of 52.2 h per week. Commonly reported health issues included back pain (88.7%), headaches (81.1%), shoulder pain (78.3%), arm/hand pain (57.5%), and eye problems (48.1%). Additionally, 38.7% of participants felt stressed and 19.8% depressed. Some reported suicidal thoughts and taking medication for depression. Despite these challenges, 91.5% enjoyed practicing dentistry. These findings highlight the need for interventions and strategies to address the physical and mental well-being of Cambodian dentists. By addressing these issues, steps can be taken to enhance the working conditions and professional satisfaction of dental professionals, ultimately benefiting both the practitioners and their patients. <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/41">Full article</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 11 pages, 265 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/40/pdf?version=1725373226" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Trends in Mortality Due to Stroke in South America between 1990 and 2019" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/3/40">Trends in Mortality Due to Stroke in South America between 1990 and 2019</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alexandre Castelo Branco Araujo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Orivaldo Florencio de Souza</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Filomena Euridice Carvalho de Alencar</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Betina Bolina Kersanach</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Victor Lopes Feitosa</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Julia Silva Cesar Mozzer</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Vinicius Andreata Brandão</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gabriel Marim Roni</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Carlos Bandeira de Mello Monteiro</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Luiz Carlos de Abreu</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(3), 581-591; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030040">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030040</a> - 3 Sep 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Stroke is the second leading cause of death and disability in Latin America; however, few epidemiological studies have been conducted in South America. An observational study was conducted to analyze trends in stroke mortality in South American (SA) countries. Age-standardized mortality rates and <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/40/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Stroke is the second leading cause of death and disability in Latin America; however, few epidemiological studies have been conducted in South America. An observational study was conducted to analyze trends in stroke mortality in South American (SA) countries. Age-standardized mortality rates and proportional mortality due to stroke in the populations of SA countries between 1990 and 2019 were assessed by extracting data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. Joinpoint regression models were employed to identify trends in the annual percentage change in mortality rates for each segment. Considering the data collected over the 30 years that were studied, the age-standardized stroke mortality trend decreased in Argentina (−1.6%), Uruguay (−0.6%), Brazil (−0.5%), Guyana (−0.5%), and Bolivia (−0.4%), while Venezuela (+1.6%) and Suriname (+1.0%) showed an increasing trend. The proportional stroke mortality trend decreased in Argentina (−1.7%), Paraguay (−0.9%), Uruguay (−0.7%), Guyana (−0.7%), Brazil (−0.5%), and Chile (−0.5%), whereas Bolivia (+1.0%), Suriname (+0.6%), and Peru (+0.4%) exhibited an increasing trend. The trends in stroke mortality between 1990 and 2019 demonstrated considerable variability. While most SA countries experienced significant decreases in stroke mortality trends, Venezuela and Suriname showed increases in age-standardized mortality rates, and Bolivia, Suriname, and Peru exhibited increases in proportional mortality rates. No decreasing stroke mortality trend was observed in the segment after the last joinpoint, highlighting the need for improvement in prevention and treatment. <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/40">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/epidemiologia/special_issues/7436N973C7 ">Global Health Epidemiology and Disease Control</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1467924" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1467924" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1467924" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/39/s1?version=1725019179"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 600 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 24 pages, 2706 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/39/pdf?version=1725019178" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Optimising Clinical Epidemiology in Disease Outbreaks: Analysis of ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 Case Report Form Utilisation" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/3/39">Optimising Clinical Epidemiology in Disease Outbreaks: Analysis of ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 Case Report Form Utilisation</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Laura Merson</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sara Duque</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Esteban Garcia-Gallo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Trokon Omarley Yeabah</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jamie Rylance</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Janet Diaz</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Antoine Flahault</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(3), 557-580; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030039">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030039</a> - 30 Aug 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Standardised forms for capturing clinical data promote consistency in data collection and analysis across research sites, enabling faster, higher-quality evidence generation. ISARIC and the World Health Organization have developed case report forms (CRFs) for the clinical characterisation of several infectious disease outbreaks. To <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/39/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Standardised forms for capturing clinical data promote consistency in data collection and analysis across research sites, enabling faster, higher-quality evidence generation. ISARIC and the World Health Organization have developed case report forms (CRFs) for the clinical characterisation of several infectious disease outbreaks. To improve the design and quality of future forms, we analysed the inclusion and completion rates of the 243 fields on the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 CRF. Data from 42 diverse collaborations, covering 1886 hospitals and 950,064 patients, were analysed. A mean of 129.6 fields (53%) were included in the adapted CRFs implemented across the sites. Consistent patterns of field inclusion and completion aligned with globally recognised research priorities in outbreaks of novel infectious diseases. Outcome status was the most highly included (95.2%) and completed (89.8%) field, followed by admission demographics (79.1% and 91.6%), comorbidities (77.9% and 79.0%), signs and symptoms (68.9% and 78.4%), and vitals (70.3% and 69.1%). Mean field completion was higher in severe patients (70.2%) than in all patients (61.6%). The results reveal how clinical characterisation CRFs can be streamlined to reduce data collection time, including the modularisation of CRFs, to offer a choice of data volume collection and the separation of critical care interventions. This data-driven approach to designing CRFs enhances the efficiency of data collection to inform patient care and public health response. <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/39">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/39/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1467924"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1467924"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1467924" data-cycle-prev="#prev1467924" data-cycle-progressive="#images1467924" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1467924-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00039/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00039-g001-550.jpg?1725019261" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1467924" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1467924-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00039/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00039-g002-550.jpg?1725019263'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1467924-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00039/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00039-g003-550.jpg?1725019265'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1467924-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00039/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00039-g004-550.jpg?1725019269'><p>Figure 4</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1467924-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00039/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00039-g001-550.jpg?1725019261" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Data collection flow.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/39'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00039/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00039-g002-550.jpg?1725019263" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Map of data sources and volumes.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/39'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00039/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00039-g003-550.jpg?1725019265" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Heatmap of the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 Case Report Form field group inclusion in institutional datasets. The inclusion proportion of each field group is visualised for 42 institutional datasets. Darker colours indicate a lower inclusion proportion.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/39'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00039/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00039-g004-550.jpg?1725019269" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Utilisation distance of data fields in the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 Case Report From for all (N = 950,064) and severe (N = 256,529) patient data. Utilisation distance comprises the mean completion rate (x-axis) and inclusion rate (y-axis) among institutions. Colours are assigned to dots and backgrounds as visual cues, marking utilisation distances lower than 30 as dark green, those from 30 to 70 as yellow, and those greater than 70 as red. Colours in the severe patient plots are varied to indicate a decrease across this threshold from all patients to severe patients: light green for fields with utilisation distances that decreased to below 30 in severe patients and orange for fields with utilisation distances that decreased to below 70 in severe patients. Field labels are listed from the lowest to the highest utilisation distance within each collection time: (A) admission (<b>left</b>), (D) daily (<b>centre</b>), and (S) summary and (O) outcome (<b>right</b>). Next to each field name, the left circle applies to ‘All patients’, and the right circle applies to ‘Severe patients’.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/39'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 10 pages, 244 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/38/pdf?version=1724850144" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Caregiver Perception of the Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life of Children with Special Needs: An Exploratory Study" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/3/38">Caregiver Perception of the Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life of Children with Special Needs: An Exploratory Study</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lidia Gavic</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Megi Brekalo</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Antonija Tadin</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(3), 547-556; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030038">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030038</a> - 28 Aug 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Background: Compared to the general population, individuals with special needs tend to have worse oral health, potentially diminishing their quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the perception of parents and caregivers regarding the effect of oral health on the quality of <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/38/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Background: Compared to the general population, individuals with special needs tend to have worse oral health, potentially diminishing their quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the perception of parents and caregivers regarding the effect of oral health on the quality of life of individuals with special needs who received dental treatment under general anaesthesia, as well as the impact on their and their families’ quality of life. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study involved participants with special needs who had undergone a dental treatment under general anaesthesia. Before the intervention, an oral examination was conducted to count the number of teeth affected by caries. Parents or caregivers filled out a specially designed questionnaire that included sociodemographic information, details about the children’s oral hygiene and dietary habits, and questionnaires on the impact of their child’s oral health on their quality of life (P-CPQ) and the influence of the oral health of children with psychophysical difficulties on the family (FIS). The data collected were analysed both descriptively and using the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Spearman’s correlation analysis. The level of significance was set at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05. Results: This study involved 42 children (24 females and 18 males) with an average age of 21.14 ± 8.34 years. The average number of carious teeth per participant was 9.74 ± 5.63. About 66% of respondents reported that their children performed oral hygiene with their help, while 9.5% of them did not do so at all. Individuals with a higher number of caries had statistically significantly higher scores on the emotional well-being (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and social well-being (<i>p</i> = 0.033) subscales of P-CPQ, as well as on the parental emotions subscale of FIS (<i>p</i> = 0.020). Also, there was a difference in the number of carious teeth in participants due to unhealthy habits (drinking sweetened beverages, <i>p</i> = 0.030) and due to comforting with food (<i>p</i> = 0.004). Conclusion: The increase in the number of carious teeth in individuals with special needs has been associated with the quality of life of their families. To address this, it is crucial to promote the prevention of oral health issues by educating individuals with special needs and their caregivers on proper oral hygiene techniques and diets tailored to their specific requirements. <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/38">Full article</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 8 pages, 210 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/37/pdf?version=1724740644" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Risk Factors and Preventive Measures for Lung Cancer in the European Union" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/3/37">Risk Factors and Preventive Measures for Lung Cancer in the European Union</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Katharina Kehrle</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Michael Hetjens</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Svetlana Hetjens</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(3), 539-546; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030037">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030037</a> - 27 Aug 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Background: Lung cancer is worldwide one of the most common types of cancer with still very high mortality rates. The aim of this study was to identify and demonstrate correlations between lung cancer mortality rates and potential influencing factors in EU countries. Methods: <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/37/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Background: Lung cancer is worldwide one of the most common types of cancer with still very high mortality rates. The aim of this study was to identify and demonstrate correlations between lung cancer mortality rates and potential influencing factors in EU countries. Methods: This retrospective study investigated the connections between the mortality rates in the EU countries (n = 28) and potential influencing factors. The significant factors from the correlation analysis were identified using a stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: The most important factors for both genders are the incidence of lung cancer, the price of tobacco, and the number of doctors per 100,000 inhabitants. Conclusion: Lung cancer is a significant global health challenge. The study identified potential strategies for reducing the mortality rate from lung cancer. These strategies include an increase in the number of physicians, enhanced accessibility to cutting-edge antineoplastic medications, and state-funded coverage of the associated costs. It would be beneficial for politicians to consider implementing LDCT screening for the early detection of the disease. The implementation of uniform healthcare system optimization across the EU, combined with improvements in socio-economic conditions, has the potential to mitigate the risk of developing lung cancer. <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/37">Full article</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 14 pages, 269 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/36/pdf?version=1724294597" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Cyberchondria, Health Literacy, and Perception of Risk in Croatian Patients with Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV—A Cross-Sectional Study" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/3/36">Cyberchondria, Health Literacy, and Perception of Risk in Croatian Patients with Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV—A Cross-Sectional Study</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tanja Staraj Bajcic</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Iva Sorta-Bilajac Turina</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Marko Lucijanic</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tamara Sinozic</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mirela Vuckovic</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ksenija Bazdaric</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(3), 525-538; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030036">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030036</a> - 22 Aug 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> <b>Background:</b> The perception of the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a well-researched phenomenon, but not in relation to cyberchondria and health literacy. Therefore, our aim was to examine the association between the assessment of the risk of sexually transmitted diseases and <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/36/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> <b>Background:</b> The perception of the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a well-researched phenomenon, but not in relation to cyberchondria and health literacy. Therefore, our aim was to examine the association between the assessment of the risk of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV, cyberchondria, and health literacy. <b>Materials and methods</b>: This study was conducted in 2020–2021 in Croatia. The experimental group consisted of patients from the Centre for Voluntary Counselling and Testing for HIV (N = 134). The control group consisted of other patients recruited from daily epidemiological practices (N = 171). The instruments that were used were questionnaires that measure the perception of risk of sexually transmitted infections and HIV, health literacy, and cyberchondria. <b>Results</b>: Out of 305 respondents, 134 (43.9%) were in the STI counselling group, and 171 (56.1%) were in the control group. Generally, the participants in the former perceived the risk of sexually transmitted infections and HIV to be higher (but still low) than those in the latter. There was no difference in health literacy between the STI and control group; the health literacy score was average in both groups. There were differences in almost all the cyberchondria factors, except for Mistrust. Health literacy, belonging to the STI counselling group, and risk behaviours were positively associated with CH in the logistic regression analysis. <b>Conclusions</b>: People with a risk for STIs tend to minimize this risk, have higher cyberchondria levels, and have average health literacy. Cyberchondria is positively associated with health literacy, and more education about excessive health-related internet research is needed. <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/36">Full article</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 14 pages, 927 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/35/pdf?version=1723454706" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Video Game Addiction in Young People (8–18 Years Old) after the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Grey Area of Addiction and the Phenomenon of “Gaming Non-Pathological Abuse (GNPA)”" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/3/35">Video Game Addiction in Young People (8–18 Years Old) after the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Grey Area of Addiction and the Phenomenon of “Gaming Non-Pathological Abuse (GNPA)”</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Domenico Piccininno</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Giulio Perrotta</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(3), 511-524; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030035">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030035</a> - 12 Aug 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Introduction: In the literature, video game addiction in youths is correlated with dysfunctional symptoms of anxiety, emotional disorders, and mood disorders, and the pandemic period of 2020–2022 has favored the aggravation of this behavioral addiction. Therefore, we identified the need to analyze this <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/35/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Introduction: In the literature, video game addiction in youths is correlated with dysfunctional symptoms of anxiety, emotional disorders, and mood disorders, and the pandemic period of 2020–2022 has favored the aggravation of this behavioral addiction. Therefore, we identified the need to analyze this phenomenon with an emphasis on the risks and correlates related to deviance and maladjustment from a prospective perspective, seeking to understand the impact of the individual variables examined. Aim: To demonstrate whether the condition of “gaming non-pathological abuse” (GNPA) promotes psychopathological features of clinical interest, in the absence of a diagnosis of “gaming disorder” (GD). Materials and methods: A search performed on PubMed and administration of an ad hoc sociological questionnaire were used to investigate individual variables of criminological interest in a representative population sample (531 males/females, 8–18 years old, M: 14.4, SD: 2.5). Results: Statistical analysis showed that after the pandemic period, digital video game addiction was reinforced, feeding psychopathological traits consistent with anxiety, emotional disorders, and mood disorders. Variables correlated with impulsive, aggressive, and violent behavior related to age, gender, socio-environmental and economic background, and the severity of digital video game addiction. Conclusions: In the youth population (8–18 years), “gaming non-pathological abuse” (GNPA) is related to aggressive, impulsive and violent behaviors that foster phenomena of social maladjustment and deviance, especially in individuals living in disadvantaged or otherwise complex socio-economic and family contexts. Looking forward, the study of structural and functional personality profiles is essential in order to anticipate and reduce the future risk of psychopathological and criminal behavior. <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/35">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/35/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1454553"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1454553"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1454553" data-cycle-prev="#prev1454553" data-cycle-progressive="#images1454553" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1454553-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00035/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00035-g001-550.jpg?1723454827" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1454553" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1454553-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00035/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00035-g002-550.jpg?1723454829'><p>Figure 2</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1454553-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00035/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00035-g001-550.jpg?1723454827" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>PRISMA flow diagram template. Adapted from Page M.J. et al. [<a href="#B41-epidemiologia-05-00035" class="html-bibr">41</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/35'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00035/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00035-g002-550.jpg?1723454829" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Graph of growth curves between the variable representing the daily duration of gaming time and the tendency to lie, feel anger, show aggression, perceive benefits from gaming activity, and engage in deviant and criminal behavior. The X-axis shows all study participants according to an increasing scale of severity (concerning the number of hours devoted to playful activity with video games; the more hours devoted, the more severe the need to use video games as an addictive tool), while the Y-axis shows hours of video game use. The subjects in the clinical group are in blue, while the subjects in the control group are in red.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/35'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 12 pages, 918 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/34/pdf?version=1723193664" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Underreporting of Cases in the COVID-19 Outbreak of Borriana (Spain) during Mass Gathering Events in March 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label feature" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-feature" aria-expanded="false">Feature Paper</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/3/34">Underreporting of Cases in the COVID-19 Outbreak of Borriana (Spain) during Mass Gathering Events in March 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Salvador Domènech-Montoliu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria Rosario Pac-Sa</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Diego Sala-Trull</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alba Del Rio-González</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Manuel Sanchéz-Urbano</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Paloma Satorres-Martinez</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Roser Blasco-Gari</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Juan Casanova-Suarez</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria Gil-Fortuño</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Laura López-Diago</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Cristina Notari-Rodríguez</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Óscar Pérez-Olaso</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria Angeles Romeu-Garcia</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Raquel Ruiz-Puig</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Isabel Aleixandre-Gorriz</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Carmen Domènech-León</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alberto Arnedo-Pena</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(3), 499-510; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030034">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030034</a> - 9 Aug 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Determining the number of cases of an epidemic is the first function of epidemiological surveillance. An important underreporting of cases was observed in many locations during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. To estimate this underreporting in the COVID-19 outbreak of Borriana <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/34/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Determining the number of cases of an epidemic is the first function of epidemiological surveillance. An important underreporting of cases was observed in many locations during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. To estimate this underreporting in the COVID-19 outbreak of Borriana (Valencia Community, Spain) in March 2020, a cross-sectional study was performed in June 2020 querying the public health register. Logistic regression models were used. Of a total of 468 symptomatic COVID-19 cases diagnosed in the outbreak through anti-SARS-CoV-2 serology, 36 cases were reported (7.7%), resulting in an underreporting proportion of 92.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.5–94.6%), with 13 unreported cases for every reported case. Only positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction cases were predominantly reported due to a limited testing capacity and following a national protocol. Significant factors associated with underreporting included no medical assistance for COVID-19 disease, with an adjusted odds ratio [aOR] of 10.83 (95% CI 2.49–47.11); no chronic illness, aOR = 2.81 (95% CI 1.28–6.17); middle and lower social classes, aOR = 3.12 (95% CI 1.42–6.85); younger age, aOR = 0.97 (95% CI 0.94–0.99); and a shorter duration of illness, aOR = 0.98 (95% CI 0.97–0.99). To improve the surveillance of future epidemics, new approaches are recommended. <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/34">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/epidemiologia/special_issues/8Z7LOD59CQ ">Local Healthcare Preparedness and Alert Systems—How to Prevent Future Pandemics?</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/34/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1453056"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1453056"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1453056" data-cycle-prev="#prev1453056" data-cycle-progressive="#images1453056" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1453056-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00034/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00034-g001-550.jpg?1723193791" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1453056" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1453056-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00034/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00034-g002-550.jpg?1723193793'><p>Figure 2</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1453056-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00034/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00034-g001-550.jpg?1723193791" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Adjusted for potential confounding factors using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) of the COVID-19 medical assistance (exposure) effect on COVID-19 case reporting (outcome). Ancestors of exposure: age, sex, social class, lifestyles, chronic illness, duration of illness (in red) and outcome (in blue). Based on DAGitty version 3.1.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/34'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00034/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00034-g002-550.jpg?1723193793" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Flow diagram showing the population under study in the underreporting of COVID-19 cases in Borriana during the period January–June 2020.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/34'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 20 pages, 1799 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/33/pdf?version=1721977472" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Periodontitis in Psoriatic Patients: Epidemiological Insights and Putative Etiopathogenic Links" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/3/33">Periodontitis in Psoriatic Patients: Epidemiological Insights and Putative Etiopathogenic Links</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Federica Di Spirito</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria Pia Di Palo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Antonio Rupe</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Federica Piedepalumbo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alessandra Sessa</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Giuseppina De Benedetto</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Serena Russo Barone</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria Contaldo</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(3), 479-498; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030033">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030033</a> - 26 Jul 2024 </div> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/33#metrics">Cited by 1</a> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Psoriasis, a systemic autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the skin, manifests through erythematous plaques and scales, impacting approximately 2–3% of the global population. Chronic periodontitis, a prevalent oral disease characterized by the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, affects roughly 10–15% of adults worldwide. Emerging evidence <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/33/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Psoriasis, a systemic autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the skin, manifests through erythematous plaques and scales, impacting approximately 2–3% of the global population. Chronic periodontitis, a prevalent oral disease characterized by the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, affects roughly 10–15% of adults worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between psoriasis and chronic periodontitis, supported by epidemiological studies indicating a higher prevalence of periodontitis among individuals with psoriasis and vice versa. Both conditions are chronic inflammatory diseases marked by dysregulated immune responses and altered cytokine profiles, notably involving proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-17. Clinical studies highlight a reciprocal impact of treating one condition on the other, underscoring the necessity of interdisciplinary collaboration between dermatologists and periodontists in managing patients with both conditions. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between psoriasis and chronic periodontitis, examining epidemiological associations, shared inflammatory pathways, genetic insights, microbial dysbiosis, environmental factors, and clinical implications. The review emphasizes the importance of integrated care approaches and the potential for targeted therapeutic interventions to improve both psoriatic and periodontal patient outcomes, advocating for further research into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning the comorbidity of these diseases. <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/33">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/33/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1443199"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1443199"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1443199" data-cycle-prev="#prev1443199" data-cycle-progressive="#images1443199" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1443199-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00033/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00033-g001-550.jpg?1721977644" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1443199" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1443199-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00033/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00033-g002-550.jpg?1721977646'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1443199-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00033/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00033-g003-550.jpg?1721977648'><p>Figure 3</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1443199-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00033/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00033-g001-550.jpg?1721977644" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Periodontal microbiota in the onset and progression of psoriasis.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/33'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00033/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00033-g002-550.jpg?1721977646" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Putative etiopathogenic links contributing to the comorbidity of psoriasis and periodontitis: interconnected pathways and factors.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/33'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00033/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00033-g003-550.jpg?1721977648" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Clinical implications and recommendations for the comorbidity of psoriasis and periodontitis.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/33'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 23 pages, 1139 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/32/pdf?version=1721898445" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="The Global Burden of Sepsis and Septic Shock" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/3/32">The Global Burden of Sepsis and Septic Shock</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Luigi La Via</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Giuseppe Sangiorgio</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Stefania Stefani</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Andrea Marino</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Giuseppe Nunnari</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Salvatore Cocuzza</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ignazio La Mantia</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Bruno Cacopardo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Stefano Stracquadanio</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Serena Spampinato</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Salvatore Lavalle</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Antonino Maniaci</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(3), 456-478; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030032">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030032</a> - 25 Jul 2024 </div> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/32#metrics">Cited by 9</a> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> A dysregulated host response to infection causes organ dysfunction in sepsis and septic shock, two potentially fatal diseases. They continue to be major worldwide health burdens with high rates of morbidity and mortality despite advancements in medical care. The goal of this thorough <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/32/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> A dysregulated host response to infection causes organ dysfunction in sepsis and septic shock, two potentially fatal diseases. They continue to be major worldwide health burdens with high rates of morbidity and mortality despite advancements in medical care. The goal of this thorough review was to present a thorough summary of the current body of knowledge about the prevalence of sepsis and septic shock worldwide. Using widely used computerized databases, a comprehensive search of the literature was carried out, and relevant studies were chosen in accordance with predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A narrative technique was used to synthesize the data that were retrieved. The review’s conclusions show how widely different locations and nations differ in terms of sepsis and septic shock’s incidence, prevalence, and fatality rates. Compared to high-income countries (HICs), low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are disproportionately burdened more heavily. We talk about risk factors, comorbidities, and difficulties in clinical management and diagnosis in a range of healthcare settings. The review highlights the need for more research, enhanced awareness, and context-specific interventions in order to successfully address the global burden of sepsis and septic shock. <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/32">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/32/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1442476"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1442476"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1442476" data-cycle-prev="#prev1442476" data-cycle-progressive="#images1442476" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1442476-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00032/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00032-g001-550.jpg?1721898552" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1442476" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1442476-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00032/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00032-g002-550.jpg?1721898553'><p>Figure 2</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1442476-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00032/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00032-g001-550.jpg?1721898552" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Flow diagram describing pathogenetic mechanisms underlying sepsis and septic shock.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/32'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00032/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00032-g002-550.jpg?1721898553" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Flow diagram of prevention policies and control of risk factors for sepsis and septic shock.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/32'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1438488" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1438488" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1438488" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/31/s1?version=1721379555"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 140 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 35 pages, 4793 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/31/pdf?version=1721382393" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Occurrence of Central Nervous System Complications of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Systematic Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/3/31">Occurrence of Central Nervous System Complications of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Matteo Riccò</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Antonio Cascio</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Silvia Corrado</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Marco Bottazzoli</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Federico Marchesi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Renata Gili</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pasquale Gianluca Giuri</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Davide Gori</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Paolo Manzoni</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(3), 421-455; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030031">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030031</a> - 19 Jul 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> An increasing base of evidence suggests that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections may be associated with neurological complications. In accord with the PRISMA statement, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the occurrence of encephalitis and encephalopathy associated with documented RSV infections. <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/31/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> An increasing base of evidence suggests that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections may be associated with neurological complications. In accord with the PRISMA statement, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the occurrence of encephalitis and encephalopathy associated with documented RSV infections. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched for eligible observational studies published up to 10 April 2024. Raw data included the occurrence of RSV infections among cases of encephalitis and/or encephalopathy and cases of encephalitis and/or encephalopathy among series of RSV infections. Data were pooled in a random effects model. Case reports were also collected, and their data pooled as a cumulative series. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I<sup>2</sup> measure, while reporting bias was assessed by means of funnel plots and regression analysis. A total of 15 studies for a total of 7719 RSV infections and 1631 cases of encephalitis were analyzed. Moreover, 27 case reports and case series were retrieved, for a total of 84 individual cases of encephalitis/encephalopathy occurring during a documented RSV infection. A pooled prevalence of 2.20 cases of encephalitis/encephalopathy per 100 RSV cases (I<sup>2</sup> = 99%) was calculated, while a prevalence of RSV infections among cases of encephalitis/encephalopathy was estimated to 3.53 per 100 cases for studies on respiratory specimens (I<sup>2</sup> = 48%) and 0.37 per cases on central nervous system (CNS) specimens (I<sup>2</sup> = 0%). Detection of RSV within the CNS was relatively rare (17.86% of pooled case reports), being associated with male gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.021, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.104 to 22.831) and recovery with long-term sequelae (aOR 5.699, 95%CI 1.152; 28.183). Case fatality ratio was estimated to be 0.43 per 100 cases on observational studies and 10.71% in case reports, a difference likely due to publication bias. In summary, RSV represented a not frequent but notable cause of encephalitis/encephalopathy in adults and children. The paucity of available studies not only recommends a cautious appraisal of our results but stresses the clinical significance of future studies on incident cases of encephalitis and/or encephalopathy. <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/31">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/epidemiologia/special_issues/7436N973C7 ">Global Health Epidemiology and Disease Control</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/31/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1438488"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1438488"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1438488" data-cycle-prev="#prev1438488" data-cycle-progressive="#images1438488" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1438488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g001-550.jpg?1721382479" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1438488" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1438488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g002-550.jpg?1721382483'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1438488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g003-550.jpg?1721382485'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1438488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g004-550.jpg?1721382488'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1438488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g005-550.jpg?1721382491'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1438488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g006-550.jpg?1721382493'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1438488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g007-550.jpg?1721382495'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1438488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g008-550.jpg?1721382497'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1438488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g009-550.jpg?1721382499'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1438488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g0A1-550.jpg?1721382506'><p>Figure A1</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1438488-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g0A2-550.jpg?1721382509'><p>Figure A2</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1438488-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g001-550.jpg?1721382479" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Flowchart of 1531 studies included in the present systematic review. Note: other reasons = studies reported in languages other than those understood by authors of the present study (English, Italian, German, French, or Spanish); a: studies not fulfilling inclusion criteria; b: studies not retrieved through medical databases and/or interlibrary loan.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/31'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g002-550.jpg?1721382483" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Prevalence of encephalopathies among cases of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections (% value). Note: 95%CI = 95% confidence intervals; IIF = indirect immunofluorescence; RT-qPCR = real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction [<a href="#B52-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">52</a>,<a href="#B53-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">53</a>,<a href="#B55-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">55</a>,<a href="#B81-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">81</a>,<a href="#B82-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">82</a>,<a href="#B83-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">83</a>,<a href="#B84-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">84</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/31'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g003-550.jpg?1721382485" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Proportion of cases of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection among cases of viral encephalopathies (% value), virus detected from respiratory specimens. Note: 95%CI = 95% confidence intervals; IIF = indirect immunofluorescence; RT-qPCR = real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction [<a href="#B87-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">87</a>,<a href="#B88-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">88</a>,<a href="#B89-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">89</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/31'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g004-550.jpg?1721382488" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Proportion of cases of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection among cases of viral encephalopathies (% value), virus detected within the cerebrospinal fluid. Note: 95%CI = 95% confidence intervals; IIF = indirect immunofluorescence; RT-qPCR = real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction [<a href="#B69-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">69</a>,<a href="#B80-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">80</a>,<a href="#B85-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">85</a>,<a href="#B86-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">86</a>,<a href="#B87-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">87</a>,<a href="#B88-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">88</a>,<a href="#B89-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">89</a>,<a href="#B90-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">90</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/31'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g005-550.jpg?1721382491" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Case fatality ratio (CFR) of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections among cases of viral encephalopathies (% value). Note: 95%CI = 95% confidence intervals; IIF = indirect immunofluorescence; RT-qPCR = real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction [<a href="#B52-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">52</a>,<a href="#B53-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">53</a>,<a href="#B55-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">55</a>,<a href="#B81-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">81</a>,<a href="#B82-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">82</a>,<a href="#B83-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">83</a>,<a href="#B84-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">84</a>,<a href="#B88-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">88</a>,<a href="#B89-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">89</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/31'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g006-550.jpg?1721382493" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Summary of risk of bias analysis, from (<b>a</b>) observational studies (performed according to the risk of bias tool from the National Toxicology Program’s Office of Health Assessment and Translation handbook [<a href="#B74-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">74</a>,<a href="#B120-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">120</a>]); (<b>b</b>) case reports of respiratory syncytial virus encephalopathy (performed according to Murad et al. [<a href="#B72-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">72</a>], modified).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/31'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g007-550.jpg?1721382495" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Funnel plots on observational studies, reporting on the occurrence of RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) infections among series of encephalitis, diagnosis on cerebrospinal fluid (<b>a</b>); occurrence of RSV infections among series of encephalitis, diagnosis on respiratory specimens (<b>b</b>); occurrence of encephalitis among cases of RSV infections (<b>c</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/31'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g008-550.jpg?1721382497" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Radial plots on observational studies, reporting on the occurrence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections among series of encephalitis, diagnosis on cerebrospinal fluid (<b>a</b>); occurrence of RSV infections among series of encephalitis, diagnosis on respiratory specimens (<b>b</b>); occurrence of encephalitis among cases of RSV infections (<b>c</b>). Results of corresponding linear regression test for funnel plot asymmetry (i.e., Egger’s test) are reported within each subfigure. Note: SE = standard error).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/31'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g009-550.jpg?1721382499" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Funnel plot for the meta-analysis of case fatality ratio among cases of respiratory syncytial virus-associated encephalitis (<b>a</b>). Corresponding radial plot (<b>b</b>). Linear regression test for funnel plot asymmetry (t = −2.75, df = 7, <span class="html-italic">p</span>-value = 0.029; bias estimate: −3.267; standard error = 1.190).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/31'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g0A1-550.jpg?1721382506" title=" <strong>Figure A1</strong><br/> <p>Sensitivity analysis (<b>a</b>); occurrence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections among series of encephalitis, diagnosis on respiratory specimens (<b>b</b>); occurrence of encephalitis among cases of RSV infections (<b>c</b>). Sensitivity analysis was performed by omitting from the pooled estimates one study at time [<a href="#B52-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">52</a>,<a href="#B53-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">53</a>,<a href="#B55-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">55</a>,<a href="#B69-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">69</a>,<a href="#B80-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">80</a>,<a href="#B81-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">81</a>,<a href="#B82-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">82</a>,<a href="#B83-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">83</a>,<a href="#B84-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">84</a>,<a href="#B85-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">85</a>,<a href="#B86-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">86</a>,<a href="#B87-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">87</a>,<a href="#B88-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">88</a>,<a href="#B89-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">89</a>,<a href="#B90-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">90</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/31'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00031/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00031-g0A2-550.jpg?1721382509" title=" <strong>Figure A2</strong><br/> <p>Sensitivity analysis for case fatality rate of respiratory syncytial virus associated encephalopathy. Sensitivity analysis was performed by omitting from the pooled estimates one study at time [<a href="#B52-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">52</a>,<a href="#B53-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">53</a>,<a href="#B55-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">55</a>,<a href="#B81-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">81</a>,<a href="#B82-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">82</a>,<a href="#B83-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">83</a>,<a href="#B84-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">84</a>,<a href="#B88-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">88</a>,<a href="#B89-epidemiologia-05-00031" class="html-bibr">89</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/31'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 10 pages, 439 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/30/pdf?version=1721801170" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Correlation between Breastfeeding, Maternal Body Mass Index, and Childhood Obesity" data-journal="epidemiologia"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-3986/5/3/30">Correlation between Breastfeeding, Maternal Body Mass Index, and Childhood Obesity</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ermioni Palaska</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Evangelia Antoniou</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Panagiotis Eskitzis</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Eirini Orovou</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Epidemiologia</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>5</em>(3), 411-420; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030030">https://doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia5030030</a> - 19 Jul 2024 </div> <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/30#metrics">Cited by 1</a> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Breast milk is a unique and highly beneficial source of nutrition for infants. It contains a wide range of nutrients that are specifically tailored to meet the specific needs of a growing infant. On the other hand, obesity is a major health issue <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/30/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Breast milk is a unique and highly beneficial source of nutrition for infants. It contains a wide range of nutrients that are specifically tailored to meet the specific needs of a growing infant. On the other hand, obesity is a major health issue that affects people around the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding and child BMI and the role of maternal BMI, which may influence this relationship. This study revealed that a longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding was associated with a decrease in the prevalence of overweight children. Additionally, the research found that children born to overweight or obese women had a higher probability of being overweight or obese themselves. Considering that mothers with a higher pre-pregnancy body weight are more likely to have children with a higher BMI, it is important that they receive information about the advantages of breastfeeding for a minimum of 6 months for both themselves and their children. Additionally, they should be offered ongoing support, to encourage them to start breastfeeding and continue with it beyond this period. <a href="/2673-3986/5/3/30">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3986/5/3/30/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1438253-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00030/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00030-g001-550.jpg?1721801255" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1438253-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/epidemiologia/epidemiologia-05-00030/article_deploy/html/images/epidemiologia-05-00030-g001-550.jpg?1721801255" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Classification of women based on BMI before pregnancy.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-3986/5/3/30'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item last-item"> <a class="bold" href="/search?q=&journal=epidemiologia&sort=pubdate&page_count=50">More Articles...</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="left-column" class="content__column large-3 large-pull-6 medium-3 medium-pull-6 small-12 columns"> <div id="js-large-main-top-container"> <div id="js-main-top-container" class="content__container"> <a href="/journal/epidemiologia"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/epidemiologia-logo.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="epidemiologia-logo" title="Epidemiologia" style="max-height: 60px; margin: 0 0 0 0;"> </a> <div class="generic-item no-border" style="position: relative;"> <div class=""> <a class="button button--color button--color-journal button--full-width js-journal-active-only-link js-journal-active-only-submit-link UC_JournalSubmitButton" href="https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload?form[journal_id]=388" data-disabledmessage="creating new submissions is not possible."> Submit to <i>Epidemiologia</i> </a> <a class="button button--color button--full-width js-journal-active-only-link UC_JournalReviewButton" href="https://susy.mdpi.com/volunteer/journals/review" data-disabledmessage="volunteering as journal reviewer is not possible."> Review for <em>Epidemiologia</em> </a> </div> <div class="journal-share-links"> <div class="journal-share-links-social"> <a class="button button--color UA_JournalShareButtons" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/MDPIOpenAccess"> <svg width="25" height="26" viewBox="0 0 1200 1227" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="padding: 6px;"> <path d="M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z" fill="black" /> </svg> </a> <a class="button button--color UA_JournalShareButtons" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/MDPIOpenAccessPublishing"> <svg width="26" height="26" viewBox="0 0 26 26" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="margin-top: 1px; 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Epidemiologia | An Open Access Journal from MDPI