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class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphs_and_charts" title="Wikipedia:Graphs and charts">Wikipedia:Graphs and charts</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For help making a table, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Help:Table</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/30px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/45px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Twemoji_1f527.svg/60px-Twemoji_1f527.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This help page is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace#Wikipedia_how-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">how-to guide</a>.</b><br><div style="font-size: 90%;">It explains concepts or processes used by the Wikipedia community. It is not one of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>, and may reflect varying levels of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:HCGWA"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:HCGWA&redirect=no">WP:HCGWA</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238436933"><table class="box-Update plainlinks ombox ombox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290"></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text">Parts of this Wikipedia page (those related to including information about native vega support via the graph extension) need to be <b>updated</b>. Please help update this Wikipedia page to reflect recent events or newly available information. Relevant discussion may be found on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles" title="Wikipedia talk:How to create charts for Wikipedia articles"> the talk page</a>. <small><i>(January 2015)</i></small></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dirac_distribution_CDF.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Dirac_distribution_CDF.png/200px-Dirac_distribution_CDF.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Dirac_distribution_CDF.png/300px-Dirac_distribution_CDF.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Dirac_distribution_CDF.png/400px-Dirac_distribution_CDF.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="975"></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">PNG version of a graph</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dirac_distribution_CDF.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Dirac_distribution_CDF.svg/200px-Dirac_distribution_CDF.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Dirac_distribution_CDF.svg/300px-Dirac_distribution_CDF.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Dirac_distribution_CDF.svg/400px-Dirac_distribution_CDF.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384"></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">SVG version of a graph meant to look similar to the PNG</div></div></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Graph" class="mw-disambig" title="Graph">Graphs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chart" title="Chart">charts</a>, and other pictures can contribute substantially to an article. Here are some hints on how to create a graph. The source code for each of the example images on this page can be accessed by clicking the image to go to the image description page. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Guidelines"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Guidelines</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Exceptions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Exceptions</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Design"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Design</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Plotting"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Plotting</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#gnuplot"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">gnuplot</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#SVG"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">SVG</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Raster"><span class="tocnumber">3.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Raster</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Maxima"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Maxima</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#GNU_Octave"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">GNU Octave</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Matplotlib"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Matplotlib</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Wikimedia_SVG_Chart"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Wikimedia SVG Chart</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Xfig"><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Xfig</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#R"><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span> <span class="toctext">R</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Gri"><span class="tocnumber">3.8</span> <span class="toctext">Gri</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Maple"><span class="tocnumber">3.9</span> <span class="toctext">Maple</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Dynamic_geometry"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Dynamic geometry</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#GeoGebra"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">GeoGebra</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#C.a.R."><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">C.a.R.</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Surfaces_&_solids"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Surfaces & solids</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#POV-Ray"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">POV-Ray</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Other_surface_tools"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Other surface tools</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Figures,_diagrams_&_charts"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Figures, diagrams & charts</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Graphviz"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Graphviz</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Inkscape"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Inkscape</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#LibreOffice_and_Apache_OpenOffice"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">LibreOffice and Apache OpenOffice</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Gnumeric"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">Gnumeric</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Post-processing"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Post-processing</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Modifying_SVG_images"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Modifying SVG images</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Converting_PostScript_to_SVG"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Converting PostScript to SVG</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Editing_PostScript_colors_and_linestyles_manually"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Editing PostScript colors and linestyles manually</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Converting_PostScript_to_PNG_and_editing_with_the_GIMP"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Converting PostScript to PNG and editing with the GIMP</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Converting_PostScript_to_PNG_with_ImageMagick"><span class="tocnumber">7.5</span> <span class="toctext">Converting PostScript to PNG with ImageMagick</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Guidelines" data-mw-thread-id="h-Guidelines"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Guidelines"></span>Guidelines<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Guidelines"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Guidelines" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>These should be followed whenever possible. </p> <ol><li>Use the <a href="/wiki/SVG" title="SVG">SVG</a> format.</li> <li>Upload to <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> using the <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard">Commons Upload Wizard</a>.</li> <li>Be sure to include a licensing tag (GFDL, CC, public domain, etc.).</li> <li>Don't use any natural language in the plot - numbers and symbols only.</li> <li>Place descriptive text in the caption. If needed you can also write extended information in the image description page.</li> <li>Use only the fonts supported by MediaWiki (listed <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/SVG_fonts" class="extiw" title="m:SVG fonts">here</a>). Don't convert the text into paths. Use Unicode characters. You can find the complete Greek alphabet on <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Greek_alphabet" class="extiw" title="commons:Greek alphabet">Commons</a>. Check character display after uploading.</li> <li>Check <a href="/wiki/Colorblind" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorblind">colorblind</a> display of your chart with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vischeck.com/vischeck/">Vischeck</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Color_coding" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Color coding</a>. Use dashed or dotted lines or differently-shaped symbols to identify different objects, in addition to color. Blue can be distinguished from other colors by most color-deficient people. Avoid shadows or cross-hatching.</li> <li>Include a self-contained script by which you created the plot on the image description page. Ideally someone else can copy and paste and reproduce the same result with minimal effort. Commenting your code is also helpful to make your code more understandable.</li> <li>Avoid legends - place labels and data explanations directly on the graphic itself.</li></ol> <p>See also <a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Help:Pictures</a> on how to include them in articles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exceptions" data-mw-thread-id="h-Exceptions-Guidelines"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Exceptions-Guidelines"></span>Exceptions<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Exceptions-Guidelines"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Exceptions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <dl><dt>No SVG output</dt> <dd>If you can't use SVG, you can create the plot in a bitmap format but make it very large, for instance 6000×4500 pixels. Increase the proportions as well, for example font size 48 and a line thickness of 17 pixels. Then use software like <a href="/wiki/Photoshop" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoshop">Photoshop</a> or <a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a> to <a href="/wiki/Gaussian_blur" title="Gaussian blur">Gaussian blur</a> it at 2 pixels. Finally reduce it down to about 1000 pixels on a side (e.g. 1300×975) using <a href="/wiki/Bicubic_interpolation" title="Bicubic interpolation">bicubic interpolation</a>. This gives a plot with no jagged lines that is also big enough so that someone could download it and use it for projection purposes without apparent pixellation. Save the image as <a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a>.</dd> <dt>Non-free license</dt> <dd>There may be rare situations where it is acceptable to use the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Wikipedia:File upload wizard">Wikipedia:File upload wizard</a>.</dd> <dt>Plot requires natural language</dt> <dd>The main reason to avoid natural language is so that the plots may be used in any language version of Wikipedia. It is fine if the plot requires it, but considering naming it "Plot en.svg" to encourage translation. If you do need to use text, keep it clear, precise, and modest. Spell out words. Write them in your standard language direction and sentence case, with serifs. Use Unicode. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081010190059/http://lighthouse.org/accessibility/legible/">Here</a> are some additional recommendations for text legibility.</dd> <dt>Symbol font or other specialized font</dt> <dd>The most common problems are with characters in the Symbol font which does not display correctly in MediaWiki. If, for instance, "<span style="font-family:serif;">π</span>" is rendered as "<span style="font-family:serif;">p</span>" in Mediawiki's output, your software is generating characters with the Symbol font and needs to be reconfigured. MediaWiki's fonts have good Unicode coverage so it is generally possible to replace these with proper Unicode characters. As a last resort, you may convert the text into paths or use PNG.</dd> <dt>Plot requires color</dt> <dd>Consider making multiple plots to display the information carried by color, or removing information from the plot. If space considerations mean that color coding is the only way to concisely differentiate parts of the graph, ensure the description provides sufficient information that colorblind users can still guess the colors and understand the picture.</dd> <dt>Script is not reproducible</dt> <dd>It is fine if your script requires specialized libraries, or data that is encumbered or too large to include - simply note this in the script and provide as much information as is feasible.</dd></dl> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Design" data-mw-thread-id="h-Design"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Design"></span>Design<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Design"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Design" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Edward_Tufte" title="Edward Tufte">Edward Tufte</a>, in his book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Visual_Display_of_Quantitative_Information" class="mw-redirect" title="The Visual Display of Quantitative Information">The Visual Display of Quantitative Information</a></i>, distinguishes between <i>friendly</i> and <i>unfriendly</i> data graphics as follows: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width: 50%;">Friendly </th> <th style="width: 50%;">Unfriendly </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <ul><li>words are spelled out, mysterious and elaborate encoding avoided</li> <li>words run from left to right, the usual direction for reading occidental languages</li> <li>little messages help to explain data</li> <li>elaborately encoded shadows, cross-hatching, and colors are avoided; instead, labels are placed on the graphic itself; no legend is required</li> <li>graphic attracts viewer, provokes curiosity</li> <li>colors, if used, are chosen so that the color-deficient and color-blind (5 to 10 percent of viewers) can make sense of the graphic (blue can be distinguished from other colors by most color-deficient people)</li> <li>type is clear, precise, modest</li> <li>type is upper-and-lower case, with <a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">serifs</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <ul><li>abbreviations abound, requiring the viewer to sort through text to decode</li> <li>words run vertically, particularly along the Y-axis; words run in several different directions</li> <li>graphic is cryptic, requires repeated references to scattered text</li> <li>obscure codings require going back and forth between legend and graphic</li> <li>graphic is repellent, filled with <a href="/wiki/Chartjunk" title="Chartjunk">chartjunk</a></li> <li>design insensitive to color-deficient viewers; red and green used for essential contrasts</li> <li>type is clotted, overbearing</li> <li>type is all capitals, sans serif</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Plotting" data-mw-thread-id="h-Plotting"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Plotting"></span>Plotting<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Plotting"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Plotting" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Images_including_source_code_in_their_description" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Images including source code in their description"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Category:Images including source code in their description</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="gnuplot" data-mw-thread-id="h-gnuplot-Plotting"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-gnuplot-Plotting"></span>gnuplot<span data-mw-comment-end="h-gnuplot-Plotting"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: gnuplot" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Gnuplot" title="Gnuplot">gnuplot</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/gnuplot" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:gnuplot">gnuplot</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Images_with_Gnuplot_source_code" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Images with Gnuplot source code"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Category:Images with Gnuplot source code</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <p>Many of the graphs on Wikipedia were made with the <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> program <a href="/wiki/Gnuplot" title="Gnuplot">gnuplot</a>. It can be used by itself or in conjunction with other software. </p><p>For example, to plot the data in file "data": </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-gnuplot mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">xlabel</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"steps"</span> <span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ylabel</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"result"</span> <span class="k">unset</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">key</span> <span class="c">#use bars in plot: with boxes</span> <span class="c">#choose line color/style in plot: linetype n</span> <span class="c">#plot filled bars (fs): pattern n</span> <span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">style</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fill</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pattern</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span> <span class="k">plot</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"data"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">with</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">boxes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">linetype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fs</span> </pre></div> <p>There is additional discussion of plotting with gnuplot on <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Probability_distribution#Standard_Plots" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Probability distribution">Template talk:Probability distribution § Standard Plots</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 684px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 163px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 158px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ps_symbols.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="List of line and symbols types in the gnuplot svg terminal"><noscript><img alt="List of line and symbols types in the gnuplot svg terminal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ps_symbols.svg/120px-Ps_symbols.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="670"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ps_symbols.svg/120px-Ps_symbols.svg.png" data-alt="List of line and symbols types in the gnuplot svg terminal" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ps_symbols.svg/180px-Ps_symbols.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Ps_symbols.svg/240px-Ps_symbols.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">List of line and symbols types in the gnuplot <b>svg</b> terminal</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 163px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 158px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ps_symbols_bw.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The lines and symbols availables on gnuplot with the postscript terminal and the options by default"><noscript><img alt="The lines and symbols availables on gnuplot with the postscript terminal and the options by default" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ps_symbols_bw.png/115px-Ps_symbols_bw.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="1050"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 115px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ps_symbols_bw.png/115px-Ps_symbols_bw.png" data-alt="The lines and symbols availables on gnuplot with the postscript terminal and the options by default" data-width="115" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ps_symbols_bw.png/172px-Ps_symbols_bw.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ps_symbols_bw.png/229px-Ps_symbols_bw.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The lines and symbols availables on gnuplot with the postscript terminal and the options by default</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 163px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 158px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ps_symbols_color.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The lines and symbols availables on gnuplot with the postscript terminal and the option color"><noscript><img alt="The lines and symbols availables on gnuplot with the postscript terminal and the option color" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ps_symbols_color.png/115px-Ps_symbols_color.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="1050"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 115px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ps_symbols_color.png/115px-Ps_symbols_color.png" data-alt="The lines and symbols availables on gnuplot with the postscript terminal and the option color" data-width="115" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ps_symbols_color.png/172px-Ps_symbols_color.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ps_symbols_color.png/229px-Ps_symbols_color.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The lines and symbols availables on gnuplot with the postscript terminal and the option <b>color</b></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 163px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 158px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ps_symbols_color_solid.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The lines and symbols availables on gnuplot with the postscript terminal and the options color and solid"><noscript><img alt="The lines and symbols availables on gnuplot with the postscript terminal and the options color and solid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ps_symbols_color_solid.png/115px-Ps_symbols_color_solid.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="1050"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 115px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ps_symbols_color_solid.png/115px-Ps_symbols_color_solid.png" data-alt="The lines and symbols availables on gnuplot with the postscript terminal and the options color and solid" data-width="115" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ps_symbols_color_solid.png/172px-Ps_symbols_color_solid.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ps_symbols_color_solid.png/229px-Ps_symbols_color_solid.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The lines and symbols availables on gnuplot with the postscript terminal and the options <b>color</b> and <b>solid</b></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SVG" data-mw-thread-id="h-SVG-gnuplot"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-SVG-gnuplot"></span><a href="/wiki/SVG" title="SVG">SVG</a><span data-mw-comment-end="h-SVG-gnuplot"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: SVG" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermite_poly.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Hermite_poly.svg/200px-Hermite_poly.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Hermite_poly.svg/200px-Hermite_poly.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Hermite_poly.svg/300px-Hermite_poly.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Hermite_poly.svg/400px-Hermite_poly.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A plot of <a href="/wiki/Hermite_polynomials" title="Hermite polynomials">Hermite polynomials</a>, generated by gnuplot in SVG format</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Floor_function.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Floor_function.svg/200px-Floor_function.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Floor_function.svg/200px-Floor_function.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Floor_function.svg/300px-Floor_function.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Floor_function.svg/400px-Floor_function.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A plot of the <a href="/wiki/Floor_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Floor function">floor function</a>, generated by gnuplot in SVG format</div></div></div></div></div> <p><b>Now that MediaWiki supports SVG, it's usually best to generate SVG images directly.</b> SVG images have many advantages, like being fully resizable, easier to modify, and so on, though they are sometimes inferior to raster images. Decide on a case-by-case basis. </p><p>A typical plot file could start with: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-gnuplot mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">terminal</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">svg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enhanced</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Times"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fsize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">36</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">output</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"filename.svg"</span> </pre></div> <dl><dt>size</dt> <dd>Sets the size of the plot. This controls the size of features in the PNG rendered by Wikipedia.</dd> <dt>fname</dt> <dd>Sets the font</dd> <dt>fsize</dt> <dd>Sets the font size. Also sets the size of plotted points</dd> <dt>set output</dt> <dd>Sets the filename for saving the SVG information</dd></dl> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Raster" data-mw-thread-id="h-Raster-gnuplot"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Raster-gnuplot"></span><a href="/wiki/Raster" class="mw-disambig" title="Raster">Raster</a><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Raster-gnuplot"></span></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Raster" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Normal_distribution_pdf.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Normal_distribution_pdf.png/120px-Normal_distribution_pdf.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="975"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Normal_distribution_pdf.png/120px-Normal_distribution_pdf.png" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Normal_distribution_pdf.png/180px-Normal_distribution_pdf.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Normal_distribution_pdf.png/240px-Normal_distribution_pdf.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A plot of the <a href="/wiki/Normal_distribution" title="Normal distribution">normal distribution</a>, generated by gnuplot</figcaption></figure> <p>Gnuplot can also generate raster images (PNG): </p><p>For the best results, a <a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript">PostScript</a> file should be generated and converted into PNG in an external program, like the <a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a>. PostScript is generated with the line <b>set terminal postscript enhanced</b>: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-gnuplot mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">terminal</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postscript</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enhanced</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">color</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">solid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Times-Roman"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">output</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"filename.ps"</span> </pre></div> <dl><dt>color</dt> <dd>Make a color plot instead of black-and-white</dd> <dt>solid</dt> <dd>Make all lines solid instead of dashed. You may want to remove this to make dashed lines which are distinguishable on both color and black and white versions of the same plot.</dd> <dt>lw 2</dt> <dd>Sets the linewidth of all the lines at once.</dd> <dt>"Times-Roman" 20</dt> <dd>Sets the font and font size</dd> <dt>set output</dt> <dd>Sets the filename for saving the Postscript information</dd></dl> <p>You should use a large number of samples for high-quality plots: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-gnuplot mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">samples</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1001</span> </pre></div> <p>This is important to prevent <a href="/wiki/Aliasing" title="Aliasing">aliasing</a> or jagged <a href="/wiki/Linear_interpolation" title="Linear interpolation">linear interpolation</a> (see <a href="/wiki/File:Exponentialchirp.png" title="File:Exponentialchirp.png">File:Exponentialchirp.png</a> and <a class="external text" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/1/1c/20050704193011%21Exponentialchirp.png">its history</a> for an example of aliasing). Labels are helpful, but remember to keep language-specific information in the caption if it's not too inconvenient. Including the source code and/or an image without text helps other users create versions in their own language, if text is included in the image. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-gnuplot mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">xlabel</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Time (s)"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ylabel</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Amplitude"</span> </pre></div> <p>The legend or key is positioned according to the coordinate system you used for the graph itself: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-gnuplot mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="mi">0</span> </pre></div> <p>Most other options are not Wikipedia-graph-specific, and should be gleaned from documentation or the source code included with other plots. An example of a plot generated with gnuplot is shown on the right, with source code on the image description page.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maxima" data-mw-thread-id="h-Maxima-Plotting"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Maxima-Plotting"></span>Maxima<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Maxima-Plotting"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Maxima" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Images_with_Maxima_CAS_source_code" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Images with Maxima CAS source code"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Category:Images_with_Maxima_CAS_source_code</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Maxima" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Maxima">Maxima</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hilbert_transform.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Hilbert_transform.svg/200px-Hilbert_transform.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1100"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 138px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Hilbert_transform.svg/200px-Hilbert_transform.svg.png" data-width="200" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Hilbert_transform.svg/300px-Hilbert_transform.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Hilbert_transform.svg/400px-Hilbert_transform.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A plot of the <a href="/wiki/Hilbert_transform" title="Hilbert transform">Hilbert transform</a> of a square wave, generated by gnuplot from Maxima</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Maxima_(software)" title="Maxima (software)">Maxima</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Computer_algebra_system" title="Computer algebra system">computer algebra system</a> licensed under the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GPL</a>, similar to <a href="/wiki/Mathematica" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematica">Mathematica</a> or <a href="/wiki/Maple_computer_algebra_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Maple computer algebra system">Maple</a>. It uses gnuplot as its default plotter, though others are available, such as <a href="/wiki/Openmath" class="mw-redirect" title="Openmath">openmath</a>. Plotting directly to PostScript from Maxima is supported, but gnuplot's PostScript output is more powerful. </p><p>The most-used commands are <b>plot2d</b> and <b>plot3d</b>: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-maxima mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">plot2d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">sin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">x</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="no">%pi</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">nticks</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="p">]);</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">plot3d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">x</span><span class="o">^</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nv">y</span><span class="o">^</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">y</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">grid</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">12</span><span class="p">]);</span> </pre></div> <p>Since the plot is sent to gnuplot as a series of samples, not as a function, the Maxima <b>nticks</b> option is used to set the number of sampling points instead of gnuplot's <b>set samples</b>. Additional <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maxima.sourceforge.net/docs/manual/en/maxima_8.html#SEC31">plot options</a> are included in brackets inside the plot command. To use the same options as in the above gnuplot example, add these lines to the end of the plot command: </p><p>PostScript output: </p> <pre>[gnuplot_term, ps] [gnuplot_ps_term_command, "<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-gnuplot mw-content-ltr" style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;" dir="ltr"><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">term</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">postscript</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enhanced</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">color</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">solid</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lw</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'Times-Roman'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span></code>"] </pre> <p>SVG output: </p> <pre>[gnuplot_term, ps] [gnuplot_ps_term_command, "<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-gnuplot mw-content-ltr" style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;" dir="ltr"><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">terminal</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">svg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">enhanced</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">size</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fname</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'Times'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fsize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">36</span></code>"] </pre> <p>Output filename: </p> <pre>[gnuplot_out_file, "filename.ps"] </pre> <p>Additional gnuplot commands: </p> <pre>[gnuplot_preamble, "<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-gnuplot mw-content-ltr" style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;" dir="ltr"><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">xlabel</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'Time (s)'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">ylabel</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">'Amplitude'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">set</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">,</span><span class="mi">0</span></code>"] </pre> <p>Like so: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-maxima mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">plot2d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">sin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">x</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="no">%pi</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">nticks</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">gnuplot_term</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ps</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">gnuplot_ps_term_command</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"set term postscript enhanced color solid lw 2 'Times-Roman' 20"</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">gnuplot_out_file</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"filename.ps"</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">gnuplot_preamble</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"set xlabel 'Time (s)'; set ylabel 'Amplitude'; set key 4,0"</span><span class="p">]);</span> </pre></div> <p>Similar for svg output: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-maxima mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">plot2d</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nf">sin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">x</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="no">%pi</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">nticks</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">gnuplot_term</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">ps</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">gnuplot_ps_term_command</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"set terminal svg enhanced size 1000 1000 fname 'Times' fsize 36"</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">gnuplot_out_file</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"filename.svg"</span><span class="p">]);</span> </pre></div> <p>Note that the font and labels are in single quotes now, nested inside double quotes. Multiple commands are separated by semicolons. </p><p>An example of a plot generated with gnuplot in Maxima is shown on the right, with source code on the image description page.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GNU_Octave" data-mw-thread-id="h-GNU_Octave-Plotting"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-GNU_Octave-Plotting"></span>GNU Octave<span data-mw-comment-end="h-GNU_Octave-Plotting"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: GNU Octave" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Images_with_Octave_source_code" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Images with Octave source code"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Category:Images with Octave source code</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Octave_Programming_Tutorial" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Octave Programming Tutorial">Octave Programming Tutorial</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave">GNU Octave</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Numerical_analysis" title="Numerical analysis">numerical computation</a> program; effectively a <a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a> clone. It uses <a href="/wiki/Gnuplot" title="Gnuplot">gnuplot</a> extensively (though also offers interfaces to <a href="/wiki/Grace_(plotting_tool)" title="Grace (plotting tool)">Grace</a> and other graphing software). </p><p>The commands are <b>plot</b> (2D) and <b>splot</b> (surface plot). </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Analytic.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Analytic.png/200px-Analytic.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="875"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Analytic.png/200px-Analytic.png" data-width="200" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Analytic.png/300px-Analytic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Analytic.png/400px-Analytic.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A graph of the envelope of a wave in GNU octave and gnuplot</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-octave mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span> <span class="n">t</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">.</span><span class="mi">01</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="n">y</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">sin</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="nb">pi</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="nb">plot</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"linewidth"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nb">xlabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Time (s)"</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="nb">ylabel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Amplitude"</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"filename.svg"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"-color"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"-solid"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"-tight"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"-FTimes-Roman:20"</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Matplotlib" data-mw-thread-id="h-Matplotlib-Plotting"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Matplotlib-Plotting"></span>Matplotlib<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Matplotlib-Plotting"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Matplotlib" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Matplotlib" title="Matplotlib">Matplotlib</a> is a plotting package for the free programming language <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>. Its <code>pyplot</code> interface is procedural and modeled after <a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a>, while the full Matplotlib interface is object-oriented. </p><p>Python and Matplotlib are cross-platform, and are therefore available for Windows, OS X, and the Unix-like operating systems like Linux and FreeBSD. </p><p>Matplotlib can create plots in a variety of output formats, such as PNG and SVG. Matplotlib mainly does 2-D plots (such as line, contour, bar, scatter, etc.), but 3-D functionality is also available. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matplotlib3_lineplot.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Matplotlib3_lineplot.svg/250px-Matplotlib3_lineplot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="432"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Matplotlib3_lineplot.svg/250px-Matplotlib3_lineplot.svg.png" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Matplotlib3_lineplot.svg/375px-Matplotlib3_lineplot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Matplotlib3_lineplot.svg/500px-Matplotlib3_lineplot.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A simple SVG line plot with Matplotlib</figcaption></figure> <p>Here is a minimal line plot (output image is shown on the right): </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-python mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">matplotlib.pyplot</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">plt</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">numpy</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">np</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">linspace</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">501</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">np</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">savefig</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Matplotlib3 lineplot.svg"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">plt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">show</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># show plot in GUI (optional)</span> </pre></div> <p>Save this script as e.g. <tt>lineplot.py</tt> and then run it with <tt>python lineplot.py</tt>. After a few seconds, a window with the interactive graphical output should pop up, and the SVG will also be in the folder. </p><p>Numerous examples with Python source code are available, for example <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/index.html">the Matplotlib gallery</a> and <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Valid_SVG_created_with_Matplotlib_code" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Valid SVG created with Matplotlib code">commons:Category:Valid SVG created with Matplotlib code</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wikimedia_SVG_Chart" data-mw-thread-id="h-Wikimedia_SVG_Chart-Plotting"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Wikimedia_SVG_Chart-Plotting"></span>Wikimedia SVG Chart<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Wikimedia_SVG_Chart-Plotting"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Wikimedia SVG Chart" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Global_shark_catch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Global_shark_catch.svg/250px-Global_shark_catch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="183" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="550"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 183px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Global_shark_catch.svg/250px-Global_shark_catch.svg.png" data-width="250" data-height="183" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Global_shark_catch.svg/375px-Global_shark_catch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Global_shark_catch.svg/500px-Global_shark_catch.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A SVG plot with Wikimedia SVG Chart.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:SVG_Chart" class="extiw" title="commons:Template:SVG Chart">Wikimedia SVG Chart</a> is a graph generator using the templates functionality of Wikimedia Commons. This template generates line and point charts in a structured and readable svg format. The original values are provided unmodified for the SVG file. Therefore the data of the chart may be checked and added at any time directly in the native file with any text editor. </p><p>Instructions for a simple line plot: </p> <div style="width:400px;" class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-wikitext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p">{{</span><span class="nt">SVG Chart</span> <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl"> Title </span><span class="o">=</span> Demo <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl"> XAxisText </span><span class="o">=</span> foo <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl"> YAxisText </span><span class="o">=</span> bar <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl"> LegendType </span><span class="o">=</span> none <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl"> XMax </span><span class="o">=</span> 60 <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl"> YMax </span><span class="o">=</span> 40 <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl"> XAxisMarkStep </span><span class="o">=</span> 10 <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl"> YAxisMarkStep </span><span class="o">=</span> 10 <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl"> Graph1Values </span><span class="o">=</span> 0 30 20 10 40 40 60 30 <span class="p">|</span><span class="nl"> Graph2Values </span><span class="o">=</span> 0 0 20 30 40 10 60 30 <span class="p">}}</span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Xfig" data-mw-thread-id="h-Xfig-Plotting"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Xfig-Plotting"></span>Xfig<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Xfig-Plotting"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Xfig" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Xfig" title="Xfig">Xfig</a> is an open source vector graphics editor that runs under <a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X</a> on most Unix platforms. In xfig, figures may be drawn using objects such as circles, boxes, lines, spline curves, text, etc. It is possible to import images in many formats, such as GIF, JPEG, SVG, and EPSF. An advantage of Xfig consists in its ability to display nice mathematical formula in the labels and legends using the <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> language. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="R" data-mw-thread-id="h-R-Plotting"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-R-Plotting"></span>R<span data-mw-comment-end="h-R-Plotting"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: R" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Images_with_R_source_code" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Images with R source code"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Category:Images with R source code</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1969_draft_lottery_scatterplot.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/1969_draft_lottery_scatterplot.svg/200px-1969_draft_lottery_scatterplot.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/1969_draft_lottery_scatterplot.svg/200px-1969_draft_lottery_scatterplot.svg.png" data-width="200" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/1969_draft_lottery_scatterplot.svg/300px-1969_draft_lottery_scatterplot.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/1969_draft_lottery_scatterplot.svg/400px-1969_draft_lottery_scatterplot.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>an example of a non-antialiased PNG scatterplot created by R</figcaption></figure> <p>The free statistical package R (see <a href="/wiki/R_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="R programming language">R programming language</a>) can make a wide variety of nice-looking graphics. It is especially effective to display statistical data. On <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a>, the category <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Created_with_R" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Created with R">Created with R</a> contains many examples, often including the corresponding R source code. Other examples can be found in the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://addictedtor.free.fr/graphiques/">R Graph Gallery</a>. </p><p>In order to output postscript, use “postscript” command: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-r mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nf">postscript</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"myplot.ps"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nf">plot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kc">...</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nf">graphics.off</span><span class="p">()</span> </pre></div> <p>The last command will close the postscript file; it won't be ready until it's closed. </p><p>With an additional (free) package, it's also possible to generate SVG-graphs with R directly. See an example with code on <a href="/wiki/File:Circle_area_Monte_Carlo_integration2.svg" title="File:Circle area Monte Carlo integration2.svg">Image:Circle area Monte Carlo integration2.svg</a>. </p><p>Other packages (lattice, ggplot2) provide alternative graphics facilities or syntax. </p><p><a href="/wiki/File:USDebt.png" title="File:USDebt.png">Here is another example with data</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gri" data-mw-thread-id="h-Gri-Plotting"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Gri-Plotting"></span>Gri<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Gri-Plotting"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Gri" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Gri_graphical_language" title="Gri graphical language">Gri graphical language</a> can be used to generate plots and figures using a script-like commands. Unlike other tools Gri is not point and click, and requires learning the Gri script syntax. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maple" data-mw-thread-id="h-Maple-Plotting"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Maple-Plotting"></span>Maple<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Maple-Plotting"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Maple" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Maple_(software)" title="Maple (software)">Maple</a> is a popular proprietary <a href="/wiki/Computer_algebra_system" title="Computer algebra system">computer algebra system</a>. Maple can export graphs in <a href="/wiki/Encapsulated_PostScript" title="Encapsulated PostScript">Encapsulated PostScript</a> format, which can then be converted to SVG for example in Inkscape. To do this using the standard GUI interface, follow these steps: </p> <ol><li>Display the graph and adjust it until it looks like you want it to.</li> <li>Right-click on the graph and select "Export" → "Encapsulated Postscript" from the menu which appears. Choose a file name to save the graph as.</li> <li>In Inkscape, import the graph using "File" → "Import...". After importing, select "File" → "Document Properties..." and click "Fit page to selection". Save the SVG file and upload it.</li></ol> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Dynamic_geometry" data-mw-thread-id="h-Dynamic_geometry"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Dynamic_geometry"></span>Dynamic geometry<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Dynamic_geometry"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Dynamic geometry" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GeoGebra" data-mw-thread-id="h-GeoGebra-Dynamic_geometry"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-GeoGebra-Dynamic_geometry"></span>GeoGebra<span data-mw-comment-end="h-GeoGebra-Dynamic_geometry"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: GeoGebra" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Music_frequency_diatonic_scale.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Music_frequency_diatonic_scale.svg/200px-Music_frequency_diatonic_scale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Music_frequency_diatonic_scale.svg/200px-Music_frequency_diatonic_scale.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Music_frequency_diatonic_scale.svg/300px-Music_frequency_diatonic_scale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Music_frequency_diatonic_scale.svg/400px-Music_frequency_diatonic_scale.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/GeoGebra" title="GeoGebra">GeoGebra</a> can be used to plot curves and points, as well as experiment with and draw geometric shapes. It also exports to SVG.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Circle_of_latitude_elevation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Circle_of_latitude_elevation.svg/200px-Circle_of_latitude_elevation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="880"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 176px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Circle_of_latitude_elevation.svg/200px-Circle_of_latitude_elevation.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Circle_of_latitude_elevation.svg/300px-Circle_of_latitude_elevation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Circle_of_latitude_elevation.svg/400px-Circle_of_latitude_elevation.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geogebra_export_dialog.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Geogebra_export_dialog.png/200px-Geogebra_export_dialog.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="208"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 127px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Geogebra_export_dialog.png/200px-Geogebra_export_dialog.png" data-width="200" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Geogebra_export_dialog.png/300px-Geogebra_export_dialog.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Geogebra_export_dialog.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>GeoGebra's image export dialog. Note that this dialog may be missing as of GeoGebra version 6.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/GeoGebra" title="GeoGebra">GeoGebra</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_geometry" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic geometry">dynamic geometry</a> program that can be used to create geometric objects free-hand using <a href="/wiki/Compass_and_ruler" class="mw-redirect" title="Compass and ruler">compass-and-ruler</a> tools. It can also be used to plot implicit curves, parametric curves, and loci of points. It supports SVG, PNG, EPS, PDF, EMF, <a href="/wiki/PGF/TikZ" title="PGF/TikZ">PGF/TikZ</a> and PSTricks as export formats and has support for <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a> formulas within text objects. </p><p>GeoGebra is not a drawing tool,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and therefore suffers from some caveats that people accustomed to programs such as Inkscape or Illustrator might not be expecting.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, if your requirements with regard to pixel-perfect results are not too stringent, then you can quickly and easily create graphs and diagrams in GeoGebra. </p><p>If you want to set the dimensions (in pixels) of the graphical output as close to exact as possible, you should start by referring to the instructions in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.geogebra.org/topic/scale-x-and-y-axis-using-pixels">this discussion</a>, and note the observations in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.geogebra.org/topic/output-pixel-dimensions">this discussion</a>. I.e. the resulting image may still be off by a few pixels. Alternatively, you can export to SVG and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://help.geogebra.org/topic/export-not-the-same-size">fix the file using a text editor</a>. Having done this, you can then use Inkscape to convert the SVG file to PNG or JPEG. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/GeoGebra" class="extiw" title="commons:GeoGebra"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">GeoGebra</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="C.a.R." data-mw-thread-id="h-C.a.R.-Dynamic_geometry"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-C.a.R.-Dynamic_geometry"></span>C.a.R.<span data-mw-comment-end="h-C.a.R.-Dynamic_geometry"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: C.a.R." class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CaR_export_dialog.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/CaR_export_dialog.png/200px-CaR_export_dialog.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="231" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="453"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 231px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/CaR_export_dialog.png/200px-CaR_export_dialog.png" data-width="200" data-height="231" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/CaR_export_dialog.png/300px-CaR_export_dialog.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/CaR_export_dialog.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>C.a.R.'s export dialog is somewhat more versatile than GeoGebra's, though pixel-perfect results are still tricky to achieve.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/C.a.R." title="C.a.R.">C.a.R.</a> (standing for "compass and ruler") is very similar to <a href="/wiki/GeoGebra" title="GeoGebra">GeoGebra</a> in that both programs are free, point-and-click, dynamic geometry applications running under Java and supporting PNG, SVG and other output formats. It is not nearly as feature-rich as GeoGebra, but at the same time overcomes some of GeoGebra's limitations with respect to vector and raster image export.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Surfaces_&_solids" data-mw-thread-id="h-Surfaces_&_solids"><span id="Surfaces_.26_solids"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Surfaces_&_solids"></span>Surfaces & solids<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Surfaces_&_solids"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Surfaces & solids" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="POV-Ray" data-mw-thread-id="h-POV-Ray-Surfaces_&_solids"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-POV-Ray-Surfaces_&_solids"></span>POV-Ray<span data-mw-comment-end="h-POV-Ray-Surfaces_&_solids"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: POV-Ray" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Color_solid_comparison_hsl_hsv_rgb_cone_sphere_cube_cylinder.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Color_solid_comparison_hsl_hsv_rgb_cone_sphere_cube_cylinder.png/200px-Color_solid_comparison_hsl_hsv_rgb_cone_sphere_cube_cylinder.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7200" data-file-height="5400"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Color_solid_comparison_hsl_hsv_rgb_cone_sphere_cube_cylinder.png/200px-Color_solid_comparison_hsl_hsv_rgb_cone_sphere_cube_cylinder.png" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Color_solid_comparison_hsl_hsv_rgb_cone_sphere_cube_cylinder.png/300px-Color_solid_comparison_hsl_hsv_rgb_cone_sphere_cube_cylinder.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Color_solid_comparison_hsl_hsv_rgb_cone_sphere_cube_cylinder.png/400px-Color_solid_comparison_hsl_hsv_rgb_cone_sphere_cube_cylinder.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Graphical_projection_comparison.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Graphical_projection_comparison.png/200px-Graphical_projection_comparison.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4550" data-file-height="4550"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Graphical_projection_comparison.png/200px-Graphical_projection_comparison.png" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Graphical_projection_comparison.png/300px-Graphical_projection_comparison.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Graphical_projection_comparison.png/400px-Graphical_projection_comparison.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">A rendering of several three-dimensional solids done using the ray-tracer, <a href="/wiki/POV-Ray" title="POV-Ray">POV-Ray</a> (<i>left</i>). Using an updated "screen.inc" it is possible to get precise 2D screen coordinates of 3D points and import them into programs like Inkscape to create arrows, labels and other 2D elements (<i>right</i>).</div></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/POV-Ray" class="extiw" title="commons:POV-Ray"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">POV-Ray</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/POV-Ray" title="POV-Ray">POV-Ray</a> is a free general-purpose <a href="/wiki/Constructive_solid_geometry" title="Constructive solid geometry">constructive solid geometry</a> ray-tracing package with a scene description language very similar to many programming languages. It can also render parametric surfaces and algebraic surfaces of degree up to seven, as well as triangle mesh approximations using the "mesh" and "mesh2" object types and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econym.demon.co.uk/isotut/param.htm">"param.inc"</a>. An updated version of the file <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.povray.org/povray.text.scene-files/thread/%3C581be4f1%241%40news.povray.org%3E/">"screen.inc"</a> can be used to output the exact two-dimensional screen coordinates of any three-dimensional object so as to facilitate the addition of labels or other 2D elements in post-processing, for instance in Inkscape. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_surface_tools" data-mw-thread-id="h-Other_surface_tools-Surfaces_&_solids"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Other_surface_tools-Surfaces_&_solids"></span>Other surface tools<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Other_surface_tools-Surfaces_&_solids"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Other surface tools" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Other usable tools include: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://surf.sourceforge.net/gallery.shtml">surf</a>, which is specialized for algebraic curves and surfaces;</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.surfex.algebraicsurface.net/">surfex</a>, which is built on top of surf.</li></ul> <p>These tools are only capable of producing raster output. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blender_(software)" title="Blender (software)">Blender (software)</a> is a free triangle-based 3D modeler. It's possible to create mathematical surfaces in tools such as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://k3dsurf.sourceforge.net/">K3DSurf</a> and import them into Blender. It's also possible to export Blender renders to SVG using a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-etud.iro.umontreal.ca/~bouvisim/home/index.php?page=blenderscripts">third-party plugin</a>.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Figures,_diagrams_&_charts" data-mw-thread-id="h-Figures,_diagrams_&_charts"><span id="Figures.2C_diagrams_.26_charts"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Figures,_diagrams_&_charts"></span>Figures, diagrams & charts<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Figures,_diagrams_&_charts"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Figures, diagrams & charts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polytree.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Polytree.svg/200px-Polytree.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="378"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 148px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Polytree.svg/200px-Polytree.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Polytree.svg/300px-Polytree.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Polytree.svg/400px-Polytree.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Desargues_theorem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Desargues_theorem.svg/200px-Desargues_theorem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="179" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="424"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 179px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Desargues_theorem.svg/200px-Desargues_theorem.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="179" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Desargues_theorem.svg/300px-Desargues_theorem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Desargues_theorem.svg/400px-Desargues_theorem.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A diagram created with Graphviz (<i>left</i>). Illustration of <a href="/wiki/Desargues%27_theorem" class="mw-redirect" title="Desargues' theorem">Desargues' theorem</a> made using Inkscape (<i>right</i>).</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graphviz" data-mw-thread-id="h-Graphviz-Figures,_diagrams_&_charts"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Graphviz-Figures,_diagrams_&_charts"></span>Graphviz<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Graphviz-Figures,_diagrams_&_charts"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Graphviz" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Images_with_Graphviz_source_code" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Images with Graphviz source code"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Category:Images with Graphviz source code</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <p>For graph-theory diagrams and other "circles-and-arrows" pictures, <a href="/wiki/Graphviz" title="Graphviz">Graphviz</a> is quick and easy, and also able to make SVGs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inkscape" data-mw-thread-id="h-Inkscape-Figures,_diagrams_&_charts"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Inkscape-Figures,_diagrams_&_charts"></span>Inkscape<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Inkscape-Figures,_diagrams_&_charts"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Inkscape" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Next to being useful for post-processing (see the next section), <a href="/wiki/Inkscape" title="Inkscape">Inkscape</a> is a point-and-click tool that can be used to create high-quality figures. It is a particularly easy tool for creating <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vector graphics</a>, though <a href="/wiki/GeoGebra" title="GeoGebra">GeoGebra</a> and <a href="/wiki/C.a.R." title="C.a.R.">C.a.R.</a> may be better suited for mathematical graphics. Also, Inkscape's design concepts differ in some fundamental ways from SVG. For instance, in SVG element widths are applied <i>before</i> stroke widths, whereas in Inkscape they are applied after. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-left plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Inkscape" class="extiw" title="commons:Inkscape"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Inkscape</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LibreOffice_and_Apache_OpenOffice" data-mw-thread-id="h-LibreOffice_and_Apache_OpenOffice-Figures,_diagrams_&_charts"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-LibreOffice_and_Apache_OpenOffice-Figures,_diagrams_&_charts"></span>LibreOffice and Apache OpenOffice<span data-mw-comment-end="h-LibreOffice_and_Apache_OpenOffice-Figures,_diagrams_&_charts"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: LibreOffice and Apache OpenOffice" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calc_ill03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Calc_ill03.jpg/200px-Calc_ill03.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="182" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="273"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 182px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Calc_ill03.jpg/200px-Calc_ill03.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="182" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Calc_ill03.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Bar chart created with OpenOffice.org Calc based on data stored in a spreadsheet.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OOo_Draw_Screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/OOo_Draw_Screenshot.png/200px-OOo_Draw_Screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="994"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 155px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/OOo_Draw_Screenshot.png/200px-OOo_Draw_Screenshot.png" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="155" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/OOo_Draw_Screenshot.png/300px-OOo_Draw_Screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/OOo_Draw_Screenshot.png/400px-OOo_Draw_Screenshot.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Screenshot of OpenOffice.org Draw. Features may not be as numerous or advanced as in Inkscape, though integrating data from other OpenOffice.org applications is a plus.</div></div></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/LibreOffice" title="LibreOffice">LibreOffice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apache_OpenOffice" title="Apache OpenOffice">Apache OpenOffice</a> are two free office suites (both forked from the now-discontinued <a href="/wiki/OpenOffice.org" title="OpenOffice.org">OpenOffice.org</a> suite) that contain among other things means of creating line, bar and pie charts based on data contained in spreadsheets and databases, as well as a program for drawing vector graphics called <b>Draw</b>. There is also a plugin for <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/OpenOffice.org_SVG_Import" class="extiw" title="commons:OpenOffice.org SVG Import">importing SVG images into OpenOffice.org</a> and SVG import and export is included in current LibreOffice Draw by default. As of 2010, support for the full range of options offered by Inkscape and many other vector formats was still preliminary at best.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-left plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/OpenOffice.org" class="extiw" title="commons:OpenOffice.org"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">OpenOffice.org</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gnumeric" data-mw-thread-id="h-Gnumeric-Figures,_diagrams_&_charts"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Gnumeric-Figures,_diagrams_&_charts"></span>Gnumeric<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Gnumeric-Figures,_diagrams_&_charts"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Gnumeric" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brewood_Pop.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Brewood_Pop.svg/220px-Brewood_Pop.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="503"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 148px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Brewood_Pop.svg/220px-Brewood_Pop.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Brewood_Pop.svg/330px-Brewood_Pop.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Brewood_Pop.svg/440px-Brewood_Pop.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Population chart in <b>SVG</b> format produced by export from <b>Gnumeric</b></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Gnumeric" title="Gnumeric">Gnumeric</a> is a fairly lightweight spreadsheet and charting application, part of the <a href="/wiki/GNOME" title="GNOME">GNOME</a> Free Software Desktop Project. It is available for Linux and other Unix-like systems, as well NT-based versions of Windows. Charts are generated by the usual method of selecting a data range and clicking a toolbar icon. The approach is to start minimally, but double clicking the chart opens a tabbed dialogue, giving a high level of control over all elements of the chart, which are arranged in a hierarchical, nested structure. New elements can be added by clicking on the appropriate level and the <i>Add</i> button. The most important feature from the point of view of Wiki charts, is that Gnumeric charts can be exported as graphics simply by right clicking anywhere on the finished chart and selecting <i>Save as Image</i>. A range of formats is supported, including SVG and PNG. The accompanying population chart is a typical result. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Post-processing" data-mw-thread-id="h-Post-processing"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Post-processing"></span>Post-processing<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Post-processing"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Post-processing" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modifying_SVG_images" data-mw-thread-id="h-Modifying_SVG_images-Post-processing"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Modifying_SVG_images-Post-processing"></span>Modifying SVG images<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Modifying_SVG_images-Post-processing"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Modifying SVG images" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>SVG images can be post-processed in <a href="/wiki/Inkscape" title="Inkscape">Inkscape</a>. Line styles and colors can be changed with the <i>Fill and Stroke</i> tool. Objects can be moved in front of other objects with the <i>Object</i>→<i>Raise</i> and <i>Lower</i> menu commands. </p><p>Saving from Inkscape also adds information that isn't present in Gnuplot's default output – neither Firefox nor Mozilla will render the file natively without it. These browsers can be persuaded to render Gnuplot's SVG output if the <code><svg></code> tag has the following attribute: <code>xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"</code>, as described at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/svg/faq.html#source">Mozilla FAQ</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Converting_PostScript_to_SVG" data-mw-thread-id="h-Converting_PostScript_to_SVG-Post-processing"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Converting_PostScript_to_SVG-Post-processing"></span>Converting PostScript to SVG<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Converting_PostScript_to_SVG-Post-processing"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Converting PostScript to SVG" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>PostScript can be converted to SVG with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pstoedit.net/pstoedit">pstoedit</a> (it works both on <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>). On Linux, this tool can be invoked for example as</li></ul> <dl><dd><code>pstoedit -f plot-svg Picture.ps Picture.svg</code></dd></dl> <ul><li>Also you can use <a href="/wiki/Scribus" title="Scribus">Scribus</a>.</li></ul> <p>Direct SVG output is probably better if the program supports it. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Electronics/How_to_draw_SVG_circuits_using_Xcircuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Electronics/How to draw SVG circuits using Xcircuit">Wikipedia:WikiProject Electronics/How to draw SVG circuits using Xcircuit</a> for an example. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Editing_PostScript_colors_and_linestyles_manually" data-mw-thread-id="h-Editing_PostScript_colors_and_linestyles_manually-Post-processing"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Editing_PostScript_colors_and_linestyles_manually-Post-processing"></span>Editing PostScript colors and linestyles manually<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Editing_PostScript_colors_and_linestyles_manually-Post-processing"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Editing PostScript colors and linestyles manually" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Setting colors and linestyles in gnuplot is not easy. They can more easily be changed after the PostScript file is generated by editing the PostScript file itself in a regular <a href="/wiki/Text_editor" title="Text editor">text editor</a>. </p><p>This avoids needing to open in proprietary software, and really isn't that difficult (especially if you are unfamiliar with other PS editing software). </p><p>Find the section of the .ps file with several lines starting with /LT. Identify the lines easily by their color ("the arrow is currently magenta and I want it to be black. Ah, there is the entry with 1 0 1, red + blue = magenta") or by using the gnuplot linestyle−1 (for instance, gnuplot's linestyle 3 corresponds to the ps file's /LT2). Then you can edit the colors and dashes by hand. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-postscript mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">/LT0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">PL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">DL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">def</span> </pre></div> <p><code>/LT0</code> corresponds to gnuplot's linestyle 1. The <code>[]</code> represents a solid line. <code>1 0 0</code> is the color of the line; an <a href="/wiki/RGB" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB">RGB</a> triplet with values from 0 to 1. This line is red. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-postscript mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">/LT2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">PL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">dl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">dl</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">DL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">def</span> </pre></div> <p><code>/LT2</code> corresponds to gnuplot's linestyle 3. The <code>[2 dl 3 dl]</code> represents a dashed line. There are 2 units of line followed by 3 units of empty space, and so on. <code>0 0 1</code> represents the color blue. </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-postscript mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">/LT5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">PL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">dl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">dl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">dl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">dl</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">DL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">def</span> </pre></div> <p><code>/LT5</code> corresponds to gnuplot's linestyle 6. The <code>[5 dl 2 dl 1 dl 2 dl]</code> represents a dash-dot line. There are 5 units of line (the dash) followed by 2 units of empty space, 1 unit of line (the dot), 2 more units of empty space, and then it starts over again. <code>0.5 0.5 0.5</code> represents the color gray. </p><p>/LTb is the graph's border, and /LTa is for the zero axes.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Converting_PostScript_to_PNG_and_editing_with_the_GIMP" data-mw-thread-id="h-Converting_PostScript_to_PNG_and_editing_with_the_GIMP-Post-processing"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Converting_PostScript_to_PNG_and_editing_with_the_GIMP-Post-processing"></span>Converting PostScript to PNG and editing with the <a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Converting_PostScript_to_PNG_and_editing_with_the_GIMP-Post-processing"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Converting PostScript to PNG and editing with the GIMP" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>To post-process <a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript">PostScript</a> files for raster output (though vector is preferred):<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Open the file in the <a href="/wiki/GIMP" title="GIMP">GIMP</a> (make sure you have <a href="/wiki/Ghostscript" title="Ghostscript">ghostscript</a> installed! — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirchgessner.net/gimp.html#PSGS">Windows Ghostscript installation instructions</a>) <ul><li>Enter 500 in the "resolution" input box</li> <li>You may need to uncheck "try bounding box", since the bounding box sometimes cuts off part of the image. <ul><li>Enter large values for <i>Height</i> and <i>Width</i> if not using the bounding box</li></ul></li> <li>Select color</li> <li>Select strong anti-aliasing for both graphics and text</li></ul></li> <li>Crop off extra whitespace (shift+C if you can't find it in the toolbox)</li> <li><i>Image</i> → <i>Transform</i> → Rotate 90 degrees clockwise</li> <li><s><i>Filters</i> → <i>Blur</i> → <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaussian_blurred&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaussian blurred (page does not exist)">Gaussian blur</a></i></s> (No need to blur if you use strong anti-aliasing during conversion. No significant difference between end results.) <ul><li><s>2.0 px</s></li></ul></li> <li><i>Image</i> → <i>Scale Image...</i> <ul><li>25%</li> <li>Cubic interpolation</li></ul></li> <li>You can view at normal size if you want by pressing 1, Ctrl+E</li> <li>Save as <i>File_name.png</i></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Converting_PostScript_to_PNG_with_ImageMagick" data-mw-thread-id="h-Converting_PostScript_to_PNG_with_ImageMagick-Post-processing"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Converting_PostScript_to_PNG_with_ImageMagick-Post-processing"></span>Converting PostScript to PNG with ImageMagick<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Converting_PostScript_to_PNG_with_ImageMagick-Post-processing"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Converting PostScript to PNG with ImageMagick" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Another route to convert a PS or EPS file (postscript) in PNG is to use <a href="/wiki/ImageMagick" title="ImageMagick">ImageMagick</a>, available on many <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>. A single command is needed: </p> <pre>convert -density 300 file.ps file.png </pre> <p>The density parameter is the output resolution, expressed in <a href="/wiki/Dots_per_inch" title="Dots per inch">dots per inch</a>. With the standard 5x3.5in size of a gnuplot graph, this results in a 1500x1050 pixels PNG image. ImageMagick automatically applies antialiasing, so no post-processing is needed, making this technique especially suited to batch processing. The following <a href="/wiki/Makefile" class="mw-redirect" title="Makefile">Makefile</a> automatically compiles all gnuplot files in a directory to EPS figures, converts them to PNG and then clears the intermediate EPS files. It assumes that all gnuplot files have a ".plt" extension and that they produce an EPS file with the same name, and the ".eps" extension: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-make mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">GNUPLOT_FILES</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">$(</span>wildcard<span class="w"> </span>*.plt<span class="k">)</span> <span class="c"># create the target file list by substituting the extensions of the plt files</span> <span class="nv">FICHIERS_PNG</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">$(</span>patsubst<span class="w"> </span>%.plt,%.png,<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">$(</span>GNUPLOT_FILES<span class="k">))</span> <span class="nf">all</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">$(</span><span class="nv">FICHIERS_PNG</span><span class="k">)</span> <span class="nf">%.eps</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span>%.<span class="n">plt</span> <span class="w"> </span>@<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">echo</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"compillation of "</span>$< <span class="w"> </span>@gnuplot<span class="w"> </span>$< <span class="nf">%.png</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span>%.<span class="n">eps</span> <span class="w"> </span>@echo<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"conversion in png format"</span> <span class="w"> </span>@convert<span class="w"> </span>-density<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">300</span><span class="w"> </span>$<<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">$*</span>.png<span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span>@echo<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"end"</span> </pre></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Graph:Chart" title="Template:Graph:Chart">Template:Graph:Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_(mathematics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style (mathematics)">Wikipedia:Manual of Style (mathematics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Picture_tutorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Picture tutorial">Wikipedia:Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Commutative_diagrams" class="extiw" title="meta:Help:Displaying a formula">meta:Help:Displaying a formula#Commutative diagrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Probability_distribution#Standard_Plots" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Probability distribution">Template talk:Probability distribution#Standard Plots</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Chart_and_graph_resources" class="extiw" title="commons:Commons:Chart and graph resources">commons:Commons:Chart and graph resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Don%27t_draw_misleading_graphs" title="Wikipedia:Don't draw misleading graphs">Wikipedia:Don't draw misleading graphs</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnuplot.info/documentation.html">gnuplot documentation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maxima.sourceforge.net/docs/manual/en/maxima_12.html#SEC61">Maxima manual - Plotting</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.geogebra.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=13&t=954&p=3661&hilit=+GeoGebra+drawing+tool#p3661">http://www.geogebra.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=13&t=954&p=3661&hilit=+GeoGebra+drawing+tool#p3661</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.geogebra.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=953&p=3659&hilit=+GeoGebra+drawing+tool#p3659">http://www.geogebra.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=953&p=3659&hilit=+GeoGebra+drawing+tool#p3659</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.geogebra.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=24043">http://www.geogebra.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=24043</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.geogebra.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=24043">http://www.geogebra.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=24043</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.services.openoffice.org/wiki/SVG_User_Experiences">SVG User Experiences</a> - A wiki page compiling users' experiences with SVG in OpenOffice.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://andrew.mcmillan.net.nz/blog/converting_svg_to_wmf">Graphics in OpenOffice.org: SVG, EPS and WMF</a> - A blog article describing one user's efforts with vector formats in OpenOffice.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://t16web.lanl.gov/Kawano/gnuplot/postscript-e.html#8.4">How do I change colors in a PostScript figure?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template talk:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Directory#Technical_help" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia technical help</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div><b>Get personal technical help at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">the Teahouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">help desk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)">village pump (technical)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_talk_pages/1" title="Help:Introduction to talk pages/1">talk pages</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a>.</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical">General<br>technical help</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Browser_notes" title="Wikipedia:Browser notes">Browser notes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bypass_your_cache" title="Wikipedia:Bypass your cache">Bypass cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Keyboard_shortcuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts">Keyboard shortcuts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:CharInsert" title="Help:CharInsert">CharInsert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">Edit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">Edit toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_a_page" title="Wikipedia:How to create a page">How to create a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">Tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support" title="Help:Multilingual support">Multilingual support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">Page history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_information" title="Help:Page information">Page information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name" title="Wikipedia:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Printing" title="Help:Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Software_notices" title="Wikipedia:Software notices">Software notices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editnotice" title="Wikipedia:Editnotice">Editnotice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Special Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Entering_special_characters" title="Help:Entering special characters">Entering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels" title="Wikipedia:User access levels">User access levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:VisualEditor" title="Help:VisualEditor">Help</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special<br>page</a>-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special page help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:AllPages" title="Help:AllPages">AllPages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_filter" title="Wikipedia:Edit filter">Edit filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">Emailing users</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Reset passwords</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Log" title="Help:Log">Logs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">Moving a page</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_merging" title="Wikipedia:History merging">History merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:When_to_place_technical_requests_in_%22Administrator_needed%22" title='Help:When to place technical requests in "Administrator needed"'>Non-admin and admin-only page moves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications" title="Help:Notifications">Notifications/Echo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications/FAQ" title="Help:Notifications/FAQ">FAQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_Curation/Help" title="Wikipedia:Page Curation/Help">Page Curation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Import" title="Help:Import">Page import</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">Pending changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Random" title="Wikipedia:Random">Random pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Recent_changes" title="Help:Recent changes">Recent changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Related_changes" title="Help:Related changes">Related changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Linksearch" title="Help:Linksearch">Linksearch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tags" title="Wikipedia:Tags">Tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Watchlist" title="Help:Watchlist">Watchlist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">What links here</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Line-break_handling" title="Help:Line-break handling">Line-break handling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words_for_beginners" title="Help:Magic words for beginners">For beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_expressions" title="Help:Conditional expressions">Conditional expressions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Switch_parser_function" title="Help:Switch parser function">Switch parser function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Time_function" title="Help:Time function">Time function</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections and TOCs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_tables_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to tables with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Basic_table_markup" title="Help:Basic table markup">Basics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Advanced_table_formatting" title="Help:Advanced table formatting">Advanced table formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Collapsing" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Collapsing">Collapsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_tables" title="Help:Conditional tables">Conditional tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sortable_tables" title="Help:Sortable tables">Sortable tables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Using_colours" title="Help:Using colours">Using colours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">diffs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Interlanguage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">Interwiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">Permanent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplest_diff_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide">Simplest diff guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide">Simple diff and link guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Complete diff and link guide">Complete diff and link guide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Colon_trick" title="Help:Colon trick">Colon trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">Link color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URLs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:Media">Media</a> files: images,<br>videos and sounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">Media help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files" title="Help:Creation and usage of media files">Creation and usage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_files_to_Commons" title="Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons">Moving files to Commons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Images" title="Wikipedia:Images">Images</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_images_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to images with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction to images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Preparing_images_for_upload" title="Wikipedia:Preparing images for upload">Preparing images for upload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Uploading images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Options_to_hide_an_image" title="Help:Options to hide an image">Options to hide an image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Extended image syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SVG_help" title="Wikipedia:SVG help">SVG help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Gallery_tag" title="Help:Gallery tag">Gallery tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_bitmap_image_editing" title="Wikipedia:Basic bitmap image editing">Basic bitmap image editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_improve_image_quality" title="Wikipedia:How to improve image quality">How to improve image quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_Lab/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Graphics Lab/Resources">Graphics Lab resources</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sound file markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual file markup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Other graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Family_trees" title="Help:Family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphs_and_charts" title="Wikipedia:Graphs and charts">Graphs and charts</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">How to create</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:To_scale_charts" title="Wikipedia:To scale charts">To scale charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math formulas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Use_of_HTML_templates" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Score" title="Help:Score">Musical scores</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Musical symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Timeline" title="Wikipedia:Timeline">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:EasyTimeline_syntax" title="Help:EasyTimeline syntax">EasyTimeline syntax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:WikiHiero_syntax" title="Help:WikiHiero syntax">WikiHiero syntax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Templates</a> and<br><a href="/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a> modules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advanced_template_coding" title="Wikipedia:Advanced template coding">Advanced template coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">Template documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Template index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template_limits" title="Help:Template limits">Template limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_sandbox_and_test_cases" title="Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases">Template sandbox and test cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Lua" title="Help:Lua">Lua help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Lua project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Lua/Resources">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/To_do" title="Wikipedia:Lua/To do">To do</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">Substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Purge" title="Help:Purge">Purge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Job_queue" title="Help:Job queue">Job queue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">Transclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Labeled_section_transclusion" title="Help:Labeled section transclusion">Labeled section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion_costs_and_benefits" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion costs and benefits">Costs and benefits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling" title="Wikipedia:Guide to Scribbling">Guide to Scribbling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration#Data_structure_and_development" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Data structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">Main/Article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Drafts" title="Wikipedia:Drafts">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">File</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:File_description_page" title="Help:File description page">File description page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Help namespace">Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project/Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archiving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">Simple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_page_design_guide" title="Wikipedia:User page design guide">User page design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">MediaWiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bug_reports_and_feature_requests" title="Wikipedia:Bug reports and feature requests">Bug reports and feature requests</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler">TimedMediaHandler extension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_page" title="Help:Special page">Special</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Help:Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML in wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Catalogue_of_CSS_classes" title="Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes">Catalogue of CSS classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Common.js_and_common.css" title="Wikipedia:Common.js and common.css">Common.js and common.css</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mxt/User_CSS_for_a_monospaced_coding_font" title="Template:Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font">User CSS for monospaced coding font</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Microformats/classes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats/classes">Classes in microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Markup_validation" title="Help:Markup validation">Markup validation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Span_tags" title="Wikipedia:Span tags">Span tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Useful_styles" title="Help:Useful styles">Useful styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customisation" title="Wikipedia:Customisation">Customisation</a><br>and tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Preferences" title="Help:Preferences">Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gadget" title="Wikipedia:Gadget">Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Skin" title="Wikipedia:Skin">Skins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_tools" title="Help:Citation tools">Citation tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleaning_up_vandalism/Tools" title="Wikipedia:Cleaning up vandalism/Tools">Cleaning up vandalism tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customizing_watchlists" title="Wikipedia:Customizing watchlists">Customizing watchlists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Hide_Pages_in_Watchlist" title="Help:Hide Pages in Watchlist">Hide pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Scripts" title="Wikipedia:Scripts">IRC Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts" title="Wikipedia:User scripts">User scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Guide" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Guide">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/List" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/List">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Techniques" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Techniques">Techniques</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_style" title="Help:User style">User style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative_browsing" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative browsing">Alternative browsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Browser_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Browser tools">Browser tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Editing tools">Editing tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_shortcuts" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation shortcuts">Navigation shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum_tool_set" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum tool set">Optimum tool set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Cloud_Services" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Cloud Services">Wikimedia Cloud Services</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Beta_Features" class="extiw" title="mw:Beta Features">Beta Features at MediaWiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Automated editing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Helper_script" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Helper script">AfC helper script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AntiVandal" title="Wikipedia:AntiVandal">AntiVandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser" title="Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser">AutoWikiBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots" title="Wikipedia:Bots">Bots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creating_a_bot" title="Help:Creating a bot">Creating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_of_Wikipedia_bots" title="Wikipedia:History of Wikipedia bots">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:HotCat" title="Wikipedia:HotCat">HotCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Huggle" title="Wikipedia:Huggle">Huggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_popups" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups">Navigation popups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RedWarn" title="Wikipedia:RedWarn">RedWarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Twinkle" title="Wikipedia:Twinkle">Twinkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ultraviolet" title="Wikipedia:Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WPCleaner" title="Wikipedia:WPCleaner">WPCleaner</a></li> <li>Inactive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Igloo" title="Wikipedia:Igloo">igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:STiki" title="Wikipedia:STiki">STiki</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li>See also: <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">Category:Wikipedia how-to</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">Category:Wikipedia information pages</a></b><br>Further navigation at: <a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages">Help pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrators%27_guide" title="Template:Administrators' guide">Administrators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Accessibility/Navigation_menu" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility/Navigation menu">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_accounts" title="Template:Wikipedia accounts">Accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Botnav" title="Template:Botnav">Bots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Template:Wikipedia referencing">Referencing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_metadata_navbox" title="Template:Citation metadata navbox">Citation metadata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_templates" title="Template:Wikipedia templates">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Navbox" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Navbox">User scripts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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