Study of Sensitization in Gas Tungsten Arc Welded 304 Stainless Steel Joints Using 308L Filler Metal

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="iv" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.scientific.net/CTA.11.3" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Study of Sensitization in Gas Tungsten Arc Welded 304 Stainless Steel Joints Using 308L Filler Metal | Scientific.Net" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.scientific.net/CTA.11.3" /> <meta property="og:image" content="/Content/app/scinet5/images/metadata_logo.png" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="261" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="260" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="Scientific.Net Logo" /> <meta name="citation_language" content="en" /> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Trans Tech Publications Ltd" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Study of Sensitization in Gas Tungsten Arc Welded 304 Stainless Steel Joints Using 308L Filler Metal" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/02/28" /> <meta name="citation_conference_title" content="The 5th International Conference on Science and Technology Applications" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Construction Technologies and Architecture" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2674-1237" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="11" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="3" /> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="9" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.scientific.net/CTA.11.3.pdf" /> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://www.scientific.net/CTA.11.3" /> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Filler Metal;Microstructure;Sensitization;Stainless Steel" /> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.4028/p-9GGQdz" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Herry Oktadinata" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Martijanti Martijanti" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="P.Y.M.W. Ndaruhadi" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ersallul Azhar Alsayed" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Numerical and Experimental Investigation into Effect of Temperature Field on Sensitization of AISI 304 in Butt Welds Fabricated by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding; citation_author=Hwa Teng Lee; citation_author=Chun Te Chen; citation_volume=52; citation_issue=7; citation_publication_date=2011; citation_pages=1506-1514; citation_doi=10.2320/matertrans.m2011071" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Correlation between microstructure and intergranular corrosion behavior of low delta-ferrite content AISI 316L aged in the range 550–700 °C; citation_author=A. Ben Rhouma; citation_author=T. Amadou; citation_author=H. Sidhom; citation_author=C. Braham; citation_volume=708; citation_publication_date=2017/6; citation_pages=871-886; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.02.273" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Sensitisation Study of Normalized 316L Stainless Steel; citation_author=P. Atanda; citation_author=A. Fatudimu; citation_author=O. Oluwole; citation_volume=09; citation_issue=01; citation_publication_date=2010; citation_pages=13-23; citation_doi=10.4236/jmmce.2010.91002" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="N. E. Dan, M. T. Othman, P. Hussain, N. binti Amir, and S. Kakooei, "Quenching and Heat Treatment of Welded Duplex Stainless Steel to Avoid Intergranular Corrosion," ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 11, 2016." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=An Overview of the Heat-Affected Zone Sensitization and Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of 12% Chromium Type 1.4003 Ferritic Stainless Steel; citation_author=M. Du Toit; citation_author=G. T. Van Rooyen; citation_author=D. Smith; citation_volume=51; citation_issue=9-10; citation_publication_date=2013/2/7; citation_pages=41-50; citation_doi=10.1007/bf03266599" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Microstructure and Hardness Properties of AISI 321 Stainless Steel Welded Joints with Different Filler Metal; citation_author=Herry Oktadinata; citation_author=Toto Triantoro; citation_author=Aji Gumilar; citation_author=Unggul Ramadani Jatmiko; citation_volume=951; citation_publication_date=2023/8/7; citation_pages=3-9; citation_doi=10.4028/p-gou7ql" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Susceptibility to intergranular corrosion in sensitized austenitic stainless steel characterized via crystallographic characteristics of grain boundaries; citation_author=Tomoyuki Fujii; citation_author=Masanori Suzuki; citation_author=Yoshinobu Shimamura; citation_volume=195; citation_publication_date=2022/2; citation_pages=109946; citation_doi=10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109946" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="V. Kumar, P. Joshi, S. Dhakar, H. Shekhar, S. Singh, and S. Kumar, "Analysis of the effect of sensitization on austenitic stainless steel 304L welded by GTAW process," HCTL Open Int. J. Technol. Innov. Res., vol. 14, p.1814–2321, 2015." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Effect of solution treatment conditions on the sensitization of austenitic stainless steel; citation_author=Xiaofei Yu; citation_author=Shenhao Chen; citation_author=Liang Wang; citation_volume=74; citation_issue=11; citation_publication_date=2009; citation_pages=1293-1302; citation_doi=10.2298/jsc0911293y" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="A. U. Iwuoha and D. C. Onyejekwe, "The Correlation between Grain Boundary Character and Intergranular Corrosion (Weld Decay) Susceptibility of AISI 316L Stainless Steels," ICASTOR J. Eng., vol. Vol. 12, no. No. 1, p.1 – 21, 2019." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Influence of Welding Energy on Intergranular and Pitting Corrosion Susceptibility of UNS S32205 Duplex Stainless-steel Joints; citation_author=Henrique Boschetti Pereira; citation_author=Tarcisio Henrique Carvalhaes Pimentel; citation_author=Carlos Alberto da Silva; citation_author=Zehbour Panossian; citation_author=Cesar Roberto Farias de Azevedo; citation_volume=25; citation_issue=suppl 1; citation_publication_date=2022; citation_doi=10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2021-0488" /> <meta name="person" content="Herry Oktadinata, Martijanti Martijanti, P.Y.M.W. Ndaruhadi, Ersallul Azhar Alsayed" /> <meta name="description" content="Austenitic stainless steels tend to form chromium depletion zones during welding. The chromium combines with available carbon around the grain boundaries to produce chromium-deficient areas, thus becoming susceptible to intergranular corrosion. The sensitization phenomenon of 304 stainless steel during gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process has been investigated. In this experiment, there were four welded samples observed. Two welded samples were cooled in air and cooled in oil immediately after welding, respectively. Meanwhile, another two welded samples were normalized by heated to 800 and 900 °C and held for 0.5 h before cooled in air. The welded samples were analyzed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive microscopy (SEM-EDS), and a Vickers hardness testing machine. The results show that normalizing affects significant changes in the microstructure due to the sensitization phenomenon. It can be seen that there is more carbide deposition in the welded sample with cooled in air and welded samples which normalized by heated to 800 °C and 900 °C and held for 0.5 h before being cooled in air. Meanwhile, the sample that was cooled in oil immediately after welding showed fewer chromium carbides. Normalizing the welded samples to 800 and 900 °C and holding it for 0.5 h before cooling in air triggers the sensitization process. Sensitization looks less occur in 304 stainless steel welds which were rapidly cooled in oil." /> <meta name="keywords" content="Filler Metal, Microstructure, Sensitization, Stainless Steel" /> <meta name="copyright" content="2024 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. 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download-and-visitor-statistics-icon"></i> <span class="normal-text" id="paperDownloadsAndVisitorsCount"></span> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-paper-title"> <div class="preview-block"> <img alt="Article Preview" width="128" height="180" src="/CTA.11.3/thumbnail.gif"> <div id="preview-button" data-url-preview-log="/Paper/PreviewImageLog?paperId=609150"> <i class="inline-icon preview-icon"></i> </div>  <div id="paper-preview-modal" class="modal fade"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="popup-page-name underline-begin"> <div class="page-name-block-text">Article Preview</div> </div> <img alt="Article Preview" class="preview-image lazyload" data-src="/CTA.11.3/preview.gif"> <a data-dismiss="modal" title="Close" class="inline-icon close-icon"></a> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="abstract-block-description"> <h3 class="page-paper-first-header">Abstract:</h3> <p class="normal-text"> Austenitic stainless steels tend to form chromium depletion zones during welding. The chromium combines with available carbon around the grain boundaries to produce chromium-deficient areas, thus becoming susceptible to intergranular corrosion. The sensitization phenomenon of 304 stainless steel during gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process has been investigated. In this experiment, there were four welded samples observed. Two welded samples were cooled in air and cooled in oil immediately after welding, respectively. Meanwhile, another two welded samples were normalized by heated to 800 and 900 °C and held for 0.5 h before cooled in air. The welded samples were analyzed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive microscopy (SEM-EDS), and a Vickers hardness testing machine. The results show that normalizing affects significant changes in the microstructure due to the sensitization phenomenon. It can be seen that there is more carbide deposition in the welded sample with cooled in air and welded samples which normalized by heated to 800 °C and 900 °C and held for 0.5 h before being cooled in air. Meanwhile, the sample that was cooled in oil immediately after welding showed fewer chromium carbides. Normalizing the welded samples to 800 and 900 °C and holding it for 0.5 h before cooling in air triggers the sensitization process. Sensitization looks less occur in 304 stainless steel welds which were rapidly cooled in oil. </p> </div> <div class="paper-access-buttons col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="sa-button-wrap"> <a id="sa-button" class="wayfinder-login d-flex sa-button" href="javascript:;"> <div class="sa-button-logo-wrap"> <i class="inline-icon sa-white"></i> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center sa-button-text text-truncate"> <div class="sa-button-text-primary text-truncate">Access through your institution</div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="title-button-pdf"> <button id="readPaperButton" data-url-read-paper-log="/Paper/ReadThePaperLog?paperId=609150" class="button button-160"> <span class="inline-element">Read The Paper</span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="row"> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="connected-title-container"> <div class="connected-title-text semibold-middle-text">You might also be interested in these eBooks</div> <div class="connected-title-list-container"> <div class="connected-title-list-item"> <a href="/book/the-5th-international-conference-on-science-and-technology-applications/978-3-0364-1383-9" title="The 5th International Conference on Science and Technology Applications"> <img class="ls-is-cached lazyloaded" src="/Image/TitleCover/6903?width=190" alt="The 5th International Conference on Science and Technology Applications" /> </a> <a id="downloadPdfButton" href="/book/the-5th-international-conference-on-science-and-technology-applications/978-3-0364-1383-9/ebook" class="button"> <span>View Preview</span> <i class="inline-icon book-icon-white small-icon button-icon-right"></i> </a> </div> <div class="connected-title-list-item"> <a href="/book/5th-international-conference-on-science-and-technology-applications-icosta/978-3-0364-1551-2" title="5th International Conference on Science and Technology Applications (ICoSTA)"> <img class="ls-is-cached lazyloaded" src="/Image/TitleCover/7116?width=190" alt="5th International Conference on Science and Technology Applications (ICoSTA)" /> </a> <a id="downloadPdfButton" href="/book/5th-international-conference-on-science-and-technology-applications-icosta/978-3-0364-1551-2/ebook" class="button"> <span>View Preview</span> <i class="inline-icon book-icon-white small-icon button-icon-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info-title"> <h2>Info:</h2> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="papers-block-info-list"> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Periodical:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <a href="/CTA">Construction Technologies and Architecture</a> <span>(Volume 11)</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Pages:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p>3-9</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>DOI:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.4028/p-9GGQdz">https://doi.org/10.4028/p-9GGQdz</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Citation:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a id="paperCitationsButton" href="#">Cite this paper</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Online since:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p>February 2024</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Authors:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <a class="inline-icon mail-icon-red author-send-message" href="#" data-url="/Paper/_Message?paperId=609150&personId=1572522&urlSent=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FCTA.11.3" title="Send message to Corresponding Author"> </a> <a href="/author-papers/herry-oktadinata">Herry Oktadinata</a>*, <a href="/author-papers/martijanti-martijanti-2">Martijanti Martijanti</a>, <a href="/author-papers/p-y-m-w-ndaruhadi">P.Y.M.W. 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