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href="#The_Creation_and_Artistic_Analysis_of_The_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The Creation and Artistic Analysis of <i>The Adoration of the Shepherds</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Creation_and_Artistic_Analysis_of_The_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" 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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Adoration of the Shepherds</i> (Caravaggio)</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adoraci%C3%B3n_de_los_pastores_(Caravaggio)" title="Adoración de los pastores (Caravaggio) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Adoración de los pastores (Caravaggio)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Adoration_des_bergers_(Le_Caravage)" title="L'Adoration des bergers (Le Caravage) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="L'Adoration des bergers (Le Caravage)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adorazione_dei_pastori_(Caravaggio)" title="Adorazione dei pastori (Caravaggio) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Adorazione dei pastori (Caravaggio)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sontera_ke_namulosusik_(trutca_ke_Caravaggio)" title="Sontera ke namulosusik (trutca ke Caravaggio) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Sontera ke namulosusik (trutca ke Caravaggio)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87_(%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%87)" title="عباده الرعاه (لوحه) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عباده الرعاه (لوحه)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aanbidding_der_herders_(Caravaggio)" title="Aanbidding der herders (Caravaggio) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aanbidding der herders (Caravaggio)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Ca%C5%A1%C4%8Denje_pastirjev_(Caravaggio)" title="Čaščenje pastirjev (Caravaggio) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Čaščenje pastirjev (Caravaggio)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0_(%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%88)" title="การนมัสการของคนเลี้ยงแกะ (การาวัจโจ) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การนมัสการของคนเลี้ยงแกะ (การาวัจโจ)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2327715#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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line-height: 1.4em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic">Adoration of the Shepherds</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Italian: <i>Adorazione dei pastori</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Caravaggio_-_Adorazione_dei_pastori.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Caravaggio_-_Adorazione_dei_pastori.jpg/270px-Caravaggio_-_Adorazione_dei_pastori.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="397" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Caravaggio_-_Adorazione_dei_pastori.jpg/405px-Caravaggio_-_Adorazione_dei_pastori.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Caravaggio_-_Adorazione_dei_pastori.jpg/540px-Caravaggio_-_Adorazione_dei_pastori.jpg 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="1251" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Artist</th><td class="infobox-data attendee"><a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Year</th><td class="infobox-data">1609</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Medium</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">Oil on canvas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Dimensions</th><td class="infobox-data">314 cm × 211 cm (124 in × 83 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Interdisciplinary_Regional_Museum_of_Messina" class="mw-redirect" title="Interdisciplinary Regional Museum of Messina">Museo Regionale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>The Adoration of the Shepherds</b> is an oil on canvas painting by the Italian artist Michelangelo Merisi, commonly known as <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Merisi_Caravaggio" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelangelo Merisi Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a>. <i>The Adoration of the Shepherds</i> measures 83.07 x 123.62 in. It was commissioned for the Capuchin Franciscans and was painted in <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a> for the Church of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_degli_Angeli,_Messina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Maria degli Angeli, Messina (page does not exist)">Santa Maria degli Angeli</a> in 1609 just one year before the artist's death. It is now in the <a href="/wiki/Interdisciplinary_Regional_Museum_of_Messina" class="mw-redirect" title="Interdisciplinary Regional Museum of Messina">Interdisciplinary Regional Museum of Messina</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="About_the_Artist">About the Artist</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_(Caravaggio)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: About the Artist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Michelangelo Merisi, commonly known as Caravaggio, was born in Milan in the northern region of Lombardy, Italy in 1571. He had to flee from his hometown after wounding a police officer in a tavern brawl. As with most other aspiring artists, he went to Rome to study classical techniques. Throughout his young adult life, Caravaggio was known amongst Italian citizens to be quite unruly and rebellious. He was often arrested on charges for violent behavior. </p><p>Cardinal Francesco del Monte took a struggling Caravaggio into his home, and introduced him to his circle—thereby securing Caravaggio with his first public commissions. These commissions were not religious, but entirely secular paintings ranging from flowers and fruit to paintings of a young classical Greek god. It was during this time that he would become world-renowned for the physical particularity and brutal realism of his paintings. In 1599, Caravaggio reached a turning point in his artistic career. </p><p>Presumably under Cardinal Francesco de Monte, Caravaggio was commissioned to decorate a wall dedicated to Saint Matthew in the Contarelli Chapel in the church of San Luigi dei Francesi. This was Caravaggio's first religious work for the Catholic Church. He began to be seen as an artistic visionary for the Church with his use of anachronistic technique to draw people back to the Catholic Church during the Counter Reformation. With this good publicity, he began to pick up many more prestigious commissions. Caravaggio painted from life rather than drawings, which initially received criticism but later revolutionized the term “artistic realism”. </p><p>Caravaggio mysteriously died in 1610, a year after finishing The Adoration of the Shepherds.<sup id="cite_ref-The_National_Gallery-_UK_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_National_Gallery-_UK-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Creation_and_Artistic_Analysis_of_The_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds">The Creation and Artistic Analysis of <i>The Adoration of the Shepherds</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_(Caravaggio)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Creation and Artistic Analysis of The Adoration of the Shepherds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the time that Caravaggio painted <i>The Adoration of the Shepherds</i> in 1609, the subjects in his paintings had acquired a more spiritual expressiveness. His figures were isolated against vast, empty backgrounds. This was a contrast to the Renaissance technique of employing decorative backgrounds. </p><p>The Capuchins were among the few religious patrons and critics who were fond of Caravaggio's brutal realism. Many were critical of Caravaggio's approach to his religious paintings and called it “vulgar” to represent biblical figures as ordinary peasants. The focal point of the scene is Mary in the center. She is swathed in bright red. One of the three shepherds closest to her also has a little bit of what appears to be the same red robe draped along his arm. This might be symbolic of the gesture he is making to touch the Virgin as she is holding Christ. All three shepherds, as well as Joseph identified by a faint halo, look on with amazement and complete adoration at this infant child born in a barn. </p><p>Caravaggio's Baroque work is different from his Renaissance predecessors. Not only the shepherds, but his sacred figures are represented as ordinary people of the times. They are barefoot with ordinary clothes. There is no holy light source to highlight that a divine event is occurring. Instead, the background is extremely dark with only a small single light source. It seems as though the space was lit by a single candle, as it might have realistically been during the actual event. We know that in the biblical account, Mary and Joseph were extremely poor. Their halos are almost barely seen, in contrast to the ornate halos of the Renaissance. Other than the halos, the clasped hands of the shepherds are the only thing hinting of any religious importance in the painting. There was nothing overtly marvelous about the birth of Christ. </p><p>Caravaggio's compositions are also non-classical: he arranges his figures along imaginary diagonal lines rather than a perfectly center linear composition like the Renaissance. There is a box of tools in the foreground, presumably Joseph's since he was a carpenter. There is a single roughly baked loaf of bread as well to reiterate Mary and Joseph's poverty. There is nothing pre-arranged in the painting. It looks like a photograph that would have been taken in the exact moments after Christ's birth. </p><p>Stylistically, Caravaggio used a technique called <a href="/wiki/Chiaroscuro" title="Chiaroscuro">chiaroscuro</a>, a strong contrast between dark and light. Using this technique heightened the drama of the work to make it seem raw and magnify the emotional aspects of the work. Chiaroscuro forces the viewer to focus on the figures and the event rather than other things going on in the background. </p><p>The central theme of the painting is humility. By seating the Virgin on the ground, Caravaggio implies that she is not a heavenly queen, but rather a simple young mother. This painting is a representation of the majority. The response of the shepherds is to admire rather than to venerate. There is a calmness and tranquility that is unmistakably conveying their worth as common-folk for the people as the parents of the Savior.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Caravaggio_Foundation-_"The_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds"_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Caravaggio_Foundation-_"The_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds"-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_(Caravaggio)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_paintings_by_Caravaggio" title="List of paintings by Caravaggio">List of paintings by Caravaggio</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_(Caravaggio)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-The_National_Gallery-_UK-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_National_Gallery-_UK_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/michelangelo-merisi-da-caravaggio">"Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio"</a>. <i>The National Gallery</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National+Gallery&rft.atitle=Michelangelo+Merisi+da+Caravaggio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgallery.org.uk%2Fartists%2Fmichelangelo-merisi-da-caravaggio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdoration+of+the+Shepherds+%28Caravaggio%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Caravaggio_Foundation-_"The_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds"-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Caravaggio_Foundation-_"The_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds"_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caravaggio.org/adoration-of-the-shepherds.jsp">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The Adoration of the Shepherds"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Caravaggio Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Caravaggio+Foundation&rft.atitle=%22The+Adoration+of+the+Shepherds%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caravaggio.org%2Fadoration-of-the-shepherds.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdoration+of+the+Shepherds+%28Caravaggio%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caravaggio-foundation.org/biography.html">"Caravaggio Biography"</a>. <i>The Caravaggio Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Caravaggio+Foundation&rft.atitle=Caravaggio+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caravaggio-foundation.org%2Fbiography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdoration+of+the+Shepherds+%28Caravaggio%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeGroft2006" class="citation book cs1">DeGroft, Aaron, ed. (2006). <i>Caravaggio: Still Life with Fruit on a Stone Ledge</i>. Williamsburg, VA: <a href="/wiki/Muscarelle_Museum_of_Art" title="Muscarelle Museum of Art">Muscarelle Museum of Art</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caravaggio%3A+Still+Life+with+Fruit+on+a+Stone+Ledge&rft.place=Williamsburg%2C+VA&rft.pub=Muscarelle+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdoration+of+the+Shepherds+%28Caravaggio%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarriano2006" class="citation book cs1">Varriano, John (2006). <i>Caravaggio: The Art of Realism</i>. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caravaggio%3A+The+Art+of+Realism&rft.place=University+Park%2C+PA&rft.pub=The+Pennsylvania+State+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Varriano&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdoration+of+the+Shepherds+%28Caravaggio%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_(Caravaggio)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Adoration_by_the_shepherds_by_Caravaggio" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Adoration by the shepherds by Caravaggio">Adoration by the shepherds by Caravaggio</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/c/caravagg/11/67sheph.html">Web Gallery of Art, scene description</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_analysis_links">Critical analysis links</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_(Caravaggio)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Critical analysis links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artbible.info/art/large/433.html">Appreciation by <i>Art of the Bible</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portsmouthpoint.blogspot.ca/2012/12/refugee-mother-defenceless-child.html">Doubt and Faith: Caravaggio's <i>Adoration of the Shepherds</i> by Tom McCarthy</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Caravaggio" title="Template:Caravaggio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Caravaggio" title="Template talk:Caravaggio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Caravaggio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Caravaggio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Caravaggio" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #EAEAAE"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_paintings_by_Caravaggio" title="List of paintings by Caravaggio">List of paintings</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAEAAE;width:1%">1593–1594</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Boy_Peeling_Fruit" title="Boy Peeling Fruit">Boy Peeling Fruit</a></i> (c. 1592)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Sick_Bacchus" title="Young Sick Bacchus">Young Sick Bacchus</a></i> (c. 1593)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boy_with_a_Basket_of_Fruit" title="Boy with a Basket of Fruit">Boy with a Basket of Fruit</a></i> (c. 1593)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boy_Bitten_by_a_Crayfish" title="Boy Bitten by a Crayfish">Boy Bitten by a Crayfish</a></i> (c. 1593; lost)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fortune_Teller_(Caravaggio)" title="The Fortune Teller (Caravaggio)"><i>The Fortune Teller</i></a> (c. 1594)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cardsharps" title="The Cardsharps">The Cardsharps</a></i> (c. 1594)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAEAAE;width:1%">1595–1599<br />Del Monte paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Musicians_(Caravaggio)" title="The Musicians (Caravaggio)">The Musicians</a></i> (c. 1595)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_of_Assisi_in_Ecstasy_(Caravaggio)" title="Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy (Caravaggio)">Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy</a></i> (c. 1595)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boy_Bitten_by_a_Lizard" title="Boy Bitten by a Lizard">Boy Bitten by a Lizard</a></i> (c. 1596)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lute_Player_(Caravaggio)" title="The Lute Player (Caravaggio)">The Lute Player</a></i> (c. 1596)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bacchus_(Caravaggio)" title="Bacchus (Caravaggio)">Bacchus</a></i> (c. 1596)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Penitent_Magdalene_(Caravaggio)" title="Penitent Magdalene (Caravaggio)">Penitent Magdalene</a></i> (c. 1597)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rest_on_the_Flight_into_Egypt_(Caravaggio)" title="Rest on the Flight into Egypt (Caravaggio)">Rest on the Flight into Egypt</a></i> (c. 1597)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Medusa_(Caravaggio)" title="Medusa (Caravaggio)">Medusa</a></i> (c. 1597)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_a_Courtesan_(Caravaggio)" title="Portrait of a Courtesan (Caravaggio)">Portrait of a Courtesan (Fillide Melandroni)</a></i> (c. 1597)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jupiter,_Neptune_and_Pluto" title="Jupiter, Neptune and Pluto">Jupiter, Neptune and Pluto</a></i> (c. 1597)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Catherine_(Caravaggio)" title="Saint Catherine (Caravaggio)">Saint Catherine of Alexandria</a></i> (c. 1598)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice_of_Isaac_(Caravaggio)" title="Sacrifice of Isaac (Caravaggio)">The Sacrifice of Isaac</a></i> (Princeton; c. 1598)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist_(Caravaggio)" title="John the Baptist (Caravaggio)">John the Baptist</a></i> (c. 1598)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martha_and_Mary_Magdalene_(Caravaggio)" title="Martha and Mary Magdalene (Caravaggio)">Martha and Mary Magdalene</a></i> (c. 1598)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Maffeo_Barberini" title="Portrait of Maffeo Barberini">Portrait of Maffeo Barberini</a></i> (1598)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Basket_of_Fruit_(Caravaggio)" title="Basket of Fruit (Caravaggio)">Basket of Fruit</a></i> (c. 1599)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Judith_Beheading_Holofernes_(Caravaggio)" title="Judith Beheading Holofernes (Caravaggio)">Judith Beheading Holofernes</a></i> (c. 1599)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/David_and_Goliath_(Caravaggio)" title="David and Goliath (Caravaggio)">David and Goliath</a></i> (c. 1599)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(Caravaggio)" title="Narcissus (Caravaggio)">Narcissus</a></i> (c. 1599)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAEAAE;width:1%">1600–1606<br />Most famous<br />painter in Rome</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Calling_of_Saint_Matthew" title="The Calling of Saint Matthew">The Calling of Saint Matthew</a></i> (1599–1600)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Martyrdom_of_Saint_Matthew_(Caravaggio)" title="The Martyrdom of Saint Matthew (Caravaggio)">The Martyrdom of Saint Matthew</a></i> (1599–1600)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Conversion_of_Saint_Paul_(Caravaggio)" title="The Conversion of Saint Paul (Caravaggio)">The Conversion of Saint Paul</a></i> (1600)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Saint_Peter_(Caravaggio)" title="Crucifixion of Saint Peter (Caravaggio)">The Crucifixion of Saint Peter</a></i> (1601)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conversion_on_the_Way_to_Damascus" title="Conversion on the Way to Damascus">The Conversion of Saint Paul on the Road to Damascus</a></i> (1601)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Supper_at_Emmaus_(Caravaggio,_London)" title="Supper at Emmaus (Caravaggio, London)">Supper at Emmaus</a></i> (London; 1601)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amor_Vincit_Omnia_(Caravaggio)" title="Amor Vincit Omnia (Caravaggio)">Amor Victorious</a></i> (1602)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Matthew_and_the_Angel" title="Saint Matthew and the Angel">Saint Matthew and the Angel</a></i> (1602; destroyed)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Inspiration_of_Saint_Matthew" title="The Inspiration of Saint Matthew">The Inspiration of Saint Matthew</a></i> (1602)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incredulity_of_Saint_Thomas_(Caravaggio)" title="The Incredulity of Saint Thomas (Caravaggio)">The Incredulity of Saint Thomas</a></i> (c. 1602)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Taking_of_Christ_(Caravaggio)" title="The Taking of Christ (Caravaggio)">The Taking of Christ</a></i> (1602)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Entombment_of_Christ_(Caravaggio)" title="The Entombment of Christ (Caravaggio)">The Entombment of Christ</a></i> (c. 1603)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_in_Prayer_(Caravaggio)" title="Saint Francis in Prayer (Caravaggio)">Saint Francis in Prayer</a></i> (c. 1603)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Calling_of_Saints_Peter_and_Andrew" title="The Calling of Saints Peter and Andrew">The Calling of Saints Peter and Andrew</a></i> (c. 1603–1606)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_di_Loreto_(Caravaggio)" title="Madonna di Loreto (Caravaggio)">Madonna of Loreto (Madonna dei Pellegrini, Pilgrims' Madonna)</a></i> (c. 1604)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crowning_with_Thorns_(Caravaggio,_Prato)" title="The Crowning with Thorns (Caravaggio, Prato)">The Crowning with Thorns</a></i> (Prato; 1604)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_of_the_Virgin_(Caravaggio)" title="Death of the Virgin (Caravaggio)">The Death of the Virgin</a></i> (1604)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christ_on_the_Mount_of_Olives_(Caravaggio)" title="Christ on the Mount of Olives (Caravaggio)">Christ on the Mount of Olives</a></i> (1605)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecce_Homo_(Caravaggio,_Genoa)" title="Ecce Homo (Caravaggio, Genoa)">Ecce Homo</a></i> (Genoa; c. 1605)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Jerome_in_Meditation_(Caravaggio)" title="Saint Jerome in Meditation (Caravaggio)">Saint Jerome in Meditation</a></i> (c. 1605)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Jerome_Writing" title="Saint Jerome Writing">Saint Jerome Writing</a></i> (Rome; c. 1605)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Pope_Paul_V" title="Portrait of Pope Paul V">Portrait of Pope Paul V</a></i> (1605)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Still_Life_with_Fruit_(Caravaggio)" title="Still Life with Fruit (Caravaggio)">Still Life with Fruit</a></i> (1605)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_Child_with_Saint_Anne_(Dei_Palafrenieri)" title="Madonna and Child with Saint Anne (Dei Palafrenieri)">Madonna and Child with Saint Anne (Dei Palafrenieri)</a></i> (1606)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAEAAE;width:1%">1606–1608<br />Naples and Malta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecce_Homo_(Caravaggio,_Madrid)" title="Ecce Homo (Caravaggio, Madrid)">Ecce Homo</a></i> (Madrid; c. 1605–1609)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalen_in_Ecstasy" title="Mary Magdalen in Ecstasy">Mary Magdalen in Ecstasy</a></i> (1606)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_in_Meditation_(Caravaggio)" title="Saint Francis in Meditation (Caravaggio)">Saint Francis in Meditation</a></i> (1606)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Supper_at_Emmaus_(Caravaggio,_Milan)" title="Supper at Emmaus (Caravaggio, Milan)">Supper at Emmaus</a></i> (Milan; 1606)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Works_of_Mercy_(Caravaggio)" title="The Seven Works of Mercy (Caravaggio)">The Seven Works of Mercy</a></i> (1606)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crucifixion_of_Saint_Andrew_(Caravaggio)" title="The Crucifixion of Saint Andrew (Caravaggio)">The Crucifixion of Saint Andrew</a></i> (1607)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath_(Caravaggio,_Vienna)" title="David with the Head of Goliath (Caravaggio, Vienna)">David with the Head of Goliath</a></i> (Vienna; 1607)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_the_Rosary_(Caravaggio)" title="Madonna of the Rosary (Caravaggio)">Madonna of the Rosary</a></i> (1607)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crowning_with_Thorns_(Caravaggio,_Vienna)" title="The Crowning with Thorns (Caravaggio, Vienna)">The Crowning with Thorns</a></i> (Vienna; 1607)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flagellation_of_Christ_(Caravaggio)" title="The Flagellation of Christ (Caravaggio)">The Flagellation of Christ</a></i> (c. 1607)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christ_at_the_Column_(Caravaggio)" title="Christ at the Column (Caravaggio)">Christ at the Column</a></i> (c. 1607)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salome_with_the_Head_of_John_the_Baptist_(Caravaggio,_London)" title="Salome with the Head of John the Baptist (Caravaggio, London)">Salome with the Head of John the Baptist</a></i> (London; c. 1607)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Jerome_Writing_(Caravaggio,_Valletta)" title="Saint Jerome Writing (Caravaggio, Valletta)">Saint Jerome Writing</a></i> (Valletta; 1607)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Alof_de_Wignacourt_and_his_Page" title="Portrait of Alof de Wignacourt and his Page">Portrait of Alof de Wignacourt and his Page</a></i> (1607–1608)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Fra_Antonio_Martelli_(Caravaggio)" title="Portrait of Fra Antonio Martelli (Caravaggio)">Portrait of Fra Antonio Martelli</a></i> (1608)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beheading_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist_(Caravaggio)" title="The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist (Caravaggio)">The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist</a></i> (1608)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_Cupid_(Caravaggio)" title="Sleeping Cupid (Caravaggio)">Sleeping Cupid</a></i> (1608)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAEAAE;width:1%">1608–1610<br />Sicily and Naples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Annunciation_(Caravaggio)" title="Annunciation (Caravaggio)">The Annunciation</a></i> (1608)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Burial_of_Saint_Lucy" title="The Burial of Saint Lucy">The Burial of Saint Lucy</a></i> (1608)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Raising_of_Lazarus_(Caravaggio)" title="The Raising of Lazarus (Caravaggio)">The Raising of Lazarus</a></i> (1609)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adoration of the Shepherds</a></i> (1609)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nativity_with_Saint_Francis_and_Saint_Lawrence" title="Nativity with Saint Francis and Saint Lawrence">Nativity with Saint Francis and Saint Lawrence</a></i> (1609; lost)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salome_with_the_Head_of_John_the_Baptist_(Caravaggio,_Madrid)" title="Salome with the Head of John the Baptist (Caravaggio, Madrid)">Salome with the Head of John the Baptist</a></i> (Madrid; 1609)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Denial_of_Saint_Peter_(Caravaggio)" title="The Denial of Saint Peter (Caravaggio)">Denial of Saint Peter</a></i> (1610)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Martyrdom_of_Saint_Ursula_(Caravaggio)" title="The Martyrdom of Saint Ursula (Caravaggio)">The Martyrdom of Saint Ursula</a></i> (1610)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath_(Caravaggio,_Rome)" title="David with the Head of Goliath (Caravaggio, Rome)">David with the Head of Goliath</a></i> (Rome; 1610)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAEAAE;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paintings_attributed_to_Caravaggio" title="Paintings attributed to Caravaggio">Paintings attributed to Caravaggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Caravaggism" title="Utrecht Caravaggism">Utrecht Caravaggism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravaggisti" title="Caravaggisti">Caravaggisti</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caravaggio,_il_pittore_maledetto" title="Caravaggio, il pittore maledetto">Caravaggio, il pittore maledetto</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravaggio_(1986_film)" title="Caravaggio (1986 film)"><i>Caravaggio</i> (1986 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravaggio_(2007_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caravaggio (2007 film)"><i>Caravaggio</i> (2007 film)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caravaggio%27s_Shadow" title="Caravaggio's Shadow">Caravaggio's Shadow</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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