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vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Epidemiologija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epidemiologija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Epidemiologija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Epidemiologija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Epidemiologija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Epidemiologija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Faktori_rizika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faktori_rizika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Faktori rizika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faktori_rizika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uzrok" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uzrok"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Uzrok</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uzrok-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klinička_slika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klinička_slika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Klinička slika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Klinička_slika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Klinička slika</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Klinička_slika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nivoi_hemoptizije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nivoi_hemoptizije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Nivoi hemoptizije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nivoi_hemoptizije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dijagnoza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dijagnoza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Dijagnoza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dijagnoza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diferencijalna_dijagnoza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diferencijalna_dijagnoza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Diferencijalna dijagnoza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diferencijalna_dijagnoza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terapija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terapija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Terapija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Terapija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Terapija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Terapija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etiološka_terapija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etiološka_terapija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Etiološka terapija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etiološka_terapija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lečenje_masivne_hemoptizije_(hemoptoje)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lečenje_masivne_hemoptizije_(hemoptoje)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Lečenje masivne hemoptizije (hemoptoje)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lečenje_masivne_hemoptizije_(hemoptoje)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povezano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povezano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Povezano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povezano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hemoptizija</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 44 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85" title="نفث الدم — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نفث الدم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF" title="রক্তকাশি — Bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রক্তকাশি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptisi" title="Hemoptisi — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hemoptisi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemopt%C3%BDza" title="Hemoptýza — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hemoptýza" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blodstyrtning" title="Blodstyrtning — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Blodstyrtning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4moptyse" title="Hämoptyse — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hämoptyse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%80%CF%84%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Αιμόπτυση — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αιμόπτυση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ab%C3%B3c_ad_sang%E1%B9%BF" title="Śbóc ad sangṿ — Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Śbóc ad sangṿ" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptysis" title="Hemoptysis — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hemoptysis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptisis" title="Hemoptisis — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hemoptisis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptisi" title="Hemoptisi — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hemoptisi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%B7_%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="خلط خونی — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خلط خونی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veriysk%C3%A4" title="Veriyskä — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Veriyskä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9moptysie" title="Hémoptysie — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hémoptysie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemait%C3%ADs" title="Haemaitís — Irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Haemaitís" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptise" title="Hemoptise — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hemoptise" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tari_jini" title="Tari jini — Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tari jini" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%97%D7%AA_%D7%93%D7%9D" title="גניחת דם — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גניחת דם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptiza" title="Hemoptiza — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hemoptiza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Արյունախխում — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արյունախխում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batuk_darah" title="Batuk darah — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Batuk darah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptizio" title="Hemoptizio — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hemoptizio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emottisi" title="Emottisi — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Emottisi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%80%E8%A1%80" title="喀血 — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="喀血" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D3%A9%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Қанды жөтел — Kozački" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қанды жөтел" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kozački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%9D%ED%98%88" title="객혈 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="객혈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemoptysis" title="Haemoptysis — Latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Haemoptysis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptisis" title="Hemoptisis — Malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hemoptisis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloedspuwing" title="Bloedspuwing — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bloedspuwing" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptyse" title="Hemoptyse — Norveški njorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hemoptyse" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveški njorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptyse" title="Hemoptyse — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hemoptyse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8" title="ହେମୋପ୍ଟିସିସ — Orijski" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ହେମୋପ୍ଟିସିସ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Orijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krwioplucie" title="Krwioplucie — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krwioplucie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptise" title="Hemoptise — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hemoptise" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptizie" title="Hemoptizie — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hemoptizie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Кровохарканье — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кровохарканье" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хемоптизија — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хемоптизија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blodst%C3%B6rtning" title="Blodstörtning — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Blodstörtning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoptizi" title="Hemoptizi — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hemoptizi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Кровохаркання — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кровохаркання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85" title="نفث الدم — Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نفث الدم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_ra_m%C3%A1u" title="Ho ra máu — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ho ra máu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aelwed" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Preusmjereno sa stranice <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptiza&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemoptiza">Hemoptiza</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><div> <i><span class="dablink"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Disambig.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/20px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/30px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/40px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span> Ukoliko ste tražili <b>Masivno iskašljavanje krvi (plućna hemoragija)</b>, vidite članak <a href="/wiki/Hemoptoja" title="Hemoptoja">Hemoptoja</a>.</span></i></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41262443">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-spacing:3px;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:black;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0.2em;float:right;clear:right;font-size:88%;line-height:1.5em;width:22em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar,.mw-parser-output .infobox th,.mw-parser-output .infobox td{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox th,.mw-parser-output .infobox td{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .wikitable.plainrowheaders th[scope=row],.mw-parser-output .wikitable.plainrowheaders th[scope=rowgroup]{font-weight:normal;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .wikitable td ul,.mw-parser-output .wikitable td ol,.mw-parser-output .wikitable td dl{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.mw-hiero-table td{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .infobox .entete{height:45px;vertical-align:middle}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ddd">Hemoptizija</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="float:right;">lat.</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><em>Hemoptyis</em></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Rippenserienfraktur_R%C3%B6ntgen_Thorax.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Rippenserienfraktur_R%C3%B6ntgen_Thorax.jpg/230px-Rippenserienfraktur_R%C3%B6ntgen_Thorax.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Rippenserienfraktur_R%C3%B6ntgen_Thorax.jpg/345px-Rippenserienfraktur_R%C3%B6ntgen_Thorax.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Rippenserienfraktur_R%C3%B6ntgen_Thorax.jpg/460px-Rippenserienfraktur_R%C3%B6ntgen_Thorax.jpg 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="603" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span style="color:#777;">Prelom rebra grudnog koša može uzrokovati hemoptiziju</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;;">Klasifikacija i eksterni resursi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ICD" class="mw-redirect" title="ICD">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" class="mw-redirect" title="ICD-10">10</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/R04.2">R04.2</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ICD" class="mw-redirect" title="ICD">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-9" class="mw-redirect" title="ICD-9">9</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=786.3">786.3</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb5578.htm">5578</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003073.htm">003073</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/MeSH" title="MeSH">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D006469">D006469</a></td></tr><tr class="noprint"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647099" class="extiw" title="d:Q647099">uredi na Vikipodacima</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hemoptizija</b>, <b>(<a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">lat</a>. <i>hemoptyis</i>)</b>, <b>iskašljavanje krvi</b>, <b>krvavi ispljuvak</b>, je <a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%A1alj" title="Kašalj">iskašljavanje</a> malih količina <a href="/wiki/Krv" title="Krv">krvi</a> u vidu crvenih končića ili grudvica. Hemoptizija se može pojaviti u <a href="/wiki/Sluz" title="Sluz">sluzavom</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Gnoj" title="Gnoj">gnojavom</a> <a href="/wiki/Ispljuvak" title="Ispljuvak">ispljuvku</a>. Postoji mnogo uzroka i poremećaja koji mogu da izazovu hemoptiziju, počev od srčanih oboljenja preko <a href="/wiki/Povreda" title="Povreda">povreda</a> do <a href="/wiki/Infekcija" title="Infekcija">infekcija</a> <a href="/wiki/Plu%C4%87a" title="Pluća">pluća</a> i malignih bolesti. Iskašljavanje velikih količina <a href="/wiki/Krv" title="Krv">krvi</a> se naziva <b>hemoptoja</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41558719">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><b><a href="/wiki/Hemoptoja" title="Hemoptoja">Hemoptoja</a></b>, <b>obilno iskašljavanje krvi</b>, <b>(<a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">lat</a>. <i> hemoptoa</i>)</b>, je naziv za iskašljavanje velikih količina (više od 150- 200 ml/<a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cas" class="mw-redirect" title="Čas">čas</a>) <a href="/wiki/Krv" title="Krv">krvi</a>, najčešće kao posledica oštećenja zida (prskanja) velikih <a href="/wiki/Krvni_sudovi" title="Krvni sudovi">krvnih sudova</a>. Nekada ova krvarenja mogu da budu toliko izražena i masivna, da zbog velikog gubitka krvi dovede do pojave <a href="/wiki/Iskrvavljenost" title="Iskrvavljenost">iskrvavljenosti</a>. Hemoptoja se dosta često javlja kod; •<a href="/wiki/Tuberkuloza" title="Tuberkuloza">tuberkuloze</a> pluća • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronhiektazije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bronhiektazije (stranica ne postoji)">bronhiektazije</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tumor" title="Tumor">tumori</a> <a href="/wiki/Plu%C4%87a" title="Pluća">pluća</a> i gornjih disajnih puteva • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsces_plu%C4%87a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apsces pluća (stranica ne postoji)">apseci pluća</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povreda" title="Povreda">povrede</a> <a href="/wiki/Plu%C4%87a" title="Pluća">pluća</a> i bronha •<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epidemiologija">Epidemiologija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Epidemiologija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Epidemiologija"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Širom <a href="/wiki/Svet" class="mw-redirect" title="Svet">sveta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuberkuloza" title="Tuberkuloza">tuberkuloza</a> je najčešći uzrok hemoptizije. U industrijalizovanim zemljama sveta, najčešći uzroci hemoptizije su <a href="/wiki/Bronhitis" class="mw-disambig" title="Bronhitis">bronhitis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronhiektazije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bronhiektazije (stranica ne postoji)">bronhiektazije</a> <a href="/wiki/Upala_plu%C4%87a" title="Upala pluća">upale pluća</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karcinom_bronha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karcinom bronha (stranica ne postoji)">karcinom bronha</a>. U ok 7% bolesnika sa hemoptizijom inicijalno se <a href="/wiki/Utvr%C4%91ivanje_bolesti" title="Utvrđivanje bolesti">dijagnostikuje</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronhogeni_karcinom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bronhogeni karcinom (stranica ne postoji)">bronhogeni karcinom</a>. Oko 20% bolesnika sa bronhogenim karcinomom pokazuje znake hemoptizije. Krvarenje kod karcinoma su poslesedica nekroze (izumiranja) tumorskog tkiva koja dovodi do ruptura malih krvnih sudova bronha, ili zbog invazije <a href="/wiki/Tumor" title="Tumor">tumora</a> u jedan od krvnih sudova <a href="/wiki/Plu%C4%87a" title="Pluća">pluća</a>. Tada je krvarenje masivnije i javlja se u obliku hemoptoje. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Faktori_rizika">Faktori rizika</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Faktori rizika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Faktori rizika"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Faktori rizika za pojavu hemoptizije mogu biti;<sup id="cite_ref-ref1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pol" title="Pol">Pol</a>, (muškarci su skloniji)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Starost (stranica ne postoji)">Starost</a>, (osobe preko 40 godina starosti su u većem riziku)</li> <li>Zloupotreba duvana, (<a href="/wiki/Pu%C5%A1enje" title="Pušenje">pušenje</a>)</li> <li>Hemoptizija koja je trajala duže od nedelju dana</li> <li>Kašalj velike jačine, sa velikom količinom iskašljane krvi (više od oko 30 ml po epizodi)</li> <li>Maligni tumori <a href="/wiki/Plu%C4%87a" title="Pluća">pluća</a> ili drugih organa, sa pratećim metastazama u plućima.</li> <li>Boravak u endemskim područjima u kojima vladaju zarazna bolesti (paraziti, virusi, gljivica, bakterije)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povreda" title="Povreda">Povrede grudnog koša</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profesionalne_bolesti" title="Profesionalne bolesti">Profesionalne bolesti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rudar" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudar">rudari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronjenje" title="Ronjenje">ronioci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keson" class="mw-disambig" title="Keson">kesonski radnici</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%8Cista%C4%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Čistač (stranica ne postoji)">čistači</a> itd.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uzrok">Uzrok</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Uzrok" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Uzrok"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hemoptizija nastaje kao posledica preleska crvenih krvnih zrnaca (<a href="/wiki/Eritrociti" title="Eritrociti">eritrocita</a>) kroz zid <a href="/wiki/Alveola" class="mw-disambig" title="Alveola">alveolo</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kapilar" title="Kapilar">kapilarne</a> membrane u <a href="/wiki/Alveola" class="mw-disambig" title="Alveola">alveolu</a>, odakle se pomešani sa <a href="/wiki/Ispljuvak" title="Ispljuvak">ispnjuvkom</a> <a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%A1alj" title="Kašalj">iskašljavaju</a> iz disajnih puteva. Najčešći uzrok hemoptizije su razna stanja i bolesti izaazvane pre svega povećanom propustljivošću alveolo-kapilarne membrane, mehaničkim oštećenjem (pucanjem) krvnih sudova i nekrozom (izumiranjem) okolnog tkiva koja zahvata i krvne sudove. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41558719"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Plućna hemoragija (krvarenje) može biti <b>difuzna</b> ili <b>fokalna</b>. Difuzna alveolarni hemoragija se najčešće javlja kao izolovano stanje, ali može biti udružena sa oboljenjima i poremećajima funkcije drugih organskih sistema ili biti poledica tih oboljenja. Krvarenje može biti <b>subkliničko</b> i <b>hronično</b>, prezentovano samo preko hipohromne anemije, može biti <b>epizodično</b> i <b>simptomatsko</b> ili prisutno kao<b> masivni</b>, po život opasni gubitak krvi. Fokalna plućna hemoragija je najčešća u sprovodnim disajnim putevima ali se može javiti i u plućnom parenhimu. Najčešći uzročnik hemoptizija u dečjem uzrastu je cistična fibroza.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Oštećenja krvnih sudova u disajnim putevima mogu biti na bilo kom nivou; <a href="/wiki/Nos" title="Nos">nos</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDdrelo" title="Ždrelo">ždrelo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Traheja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Traheja (stranica ne postoji)">traheja</a>, bronhialno stablo, <a href="/wiki/Plu%C4%87a" title="Pluća">plućni parenhim</a>. Iskašljavanje samo krvi, najčešće potiče iz gornjih disajnih puteva i bronhijalnog stabla. </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f5f5f0; border: 2px #52524d solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"> <caption><b>UZROCI HEMOPTIZIJE</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#d9d9d3" align="center"><b> Lokalizacija</b> </td> <td style="background:#d9d9d3" align="center"><b>Mogući uzroci</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#d9d9d3" align="left"><b> Pluća</b> </td> <td align="left">Bakterijske infekcije pluća (<a href="/wiki/Upala_plu%C4%87a" title="Upala pluća">upala pluća</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsces_plu%C4%87a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apsces pluća (stranica ne postoji)">apsces pluća</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuberkuloza" title="Tuberkuloza">tuberkuloza</a>) • Ostale infekcije (<a href="/wiki/Amebijaza" title="Amebijaza">amebijaza</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gljivi%C4%8Dne_infekcije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gljivične infekcije (stranica ne postoji)">gljivične infekcije</a>) • Hemijske povrede-udisanje agresivnih respiratornih otrova (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bojni_otrovi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bojni otrovi (stranica ne postoji)">bojni otrovi</a> i drugi lao isparljivi otrovi u oblikui gasa, pare i aerosola) • Mehaničke povrede pluća (<a href="/wiki/Barotrauma" title="Barotrauma">barotrauma</a>) • Embolija pluća (septička) • Adenom bronha • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#d9d9d3" align="left"><b>Bronhijalnog stablo</b> </td> <td align="left">Akutni i hronični bronhitis Povrede krvnih sudova u toku jačeg naprezanja za vreme <a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%A1alj" title="Kašalj">kašlja</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronhiektazije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bronhiektazije (stranica ne postoji)">Bronhiektazije</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumori_bronha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tumori bronha (stranica ne postoji)">Tumori bronha</a> • Oštećenja bronha stranim telom • Korozivnim sredstvima izazvana oštećenja (trovanja) • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aneurizma_grudne_aorte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aneurizma grudne aorte (stranica ne postoji)">Aneurizma grudne aorte</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#d9d9d3" align="left"><b>Srce i krvni sudovi</b>, </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sr%C4%8Dani_udar" title="Srčani udar">Infarkt srca</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitralna_stenoza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitralna stenoza (stranica ne postoji)">Mitralna stenoza</a> • <a href="/wiki/Koronarna_bolest_srca" title="Koronarna bolest srca">Hronična insuficijencija srca</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arterio-venska_fistula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arterio-venska fistula (stranica ne postoji)">Arterio-venska fistula</a> • Urođene anomalije plućne arterije • Arterijska <a href="/wiki/Hipertenzija" title="Hipertenzija">hipertenzija</a>. Embolija pluća • „Eisenmenger“ sindrom • </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#d9d9d3" align="left"><b> Krv i krvotvorni organi </b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trombocitopenijska_purpura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trombocitopenijska purpura (stranica ne postoji)">Trombocitopenijska purpura</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hemofilija" title="Hemofilija">Hemofilija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leukemija" title="Leukemija">Leukemija</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#d9d9d3" align="left"><b> Ostalo </b> </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uremija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uremija (stranica ne postoji)">Uremija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Idiopatska_plu%C4%87na_hemosideroza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idiopatska plućna hemosideroza (stranica ne postoji)">Idiopatska plućna hemosideroza</a> • <a href="/wiki/Akutni_visinski_edem_plu%C4%87a" title="Akutni visinski edem pluća">Akutni visinski edem pluća</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dekompresiona_bolest" title="Dekompresiona bolest">Dekompresiona bolest</a> • Endometrioza • Hormonski poremećaji • Naporan fizički rad • Izlaganje prekomernoj toploti i hladnoći. Upotreba lekova (acetilsalicilne kiseline i lekovi sličnog dejstva)• „Goodpasture“ sindom, </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klinička_slika"><span id="Klini.C4.8Dka_slika"></span>Klinička slika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Klinička slika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Klinička slika"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U prodromalnom (početnom) periodu hemoptizija se manifestuje obično u vidu golicanje u grlu ili nadražaja na <a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%A1alj" title="Kašalj">kašalj</a>, koji kasnije prelazi karakteristični oblik <a href="/wiki/Klini%C4%8Dka_slika" title="Klinička slika">kliničke slike</a>, iskašljavanje krvi-hemoptiziju, u ispljuvku ili iskašljanom <a href="/wiki/Vazduh" title="Vazduh">vazduhu</a>. Ako se radi o hemoptoji iskašljavanje je praćeno velikim količinama <a href="/wiki/Krv" title="Krv">krvi</a>, (>200 ml/ na čas) a kod težih ili dugotrajnih krvarenja i znacima <a href="/wiki/Iskrvavljenost" title="Iskrvavljenost">iskrvavljenosti</a>. Svetla, ponekad penušavo krv ukazuje na sveže krvavljenje, dok je krv koja je neko vreme bila u plućima tamna i delimično koagulisana. Rozikast penušav <a href="/wiki/Ispljuvak" title="Ispljuvak">ispljuvak</a>, praćen <a href="/wiki/Dispneja" title="Dispneja">gušenjem</a>, ukazuje na <a href="/wiki/Edem_plu%C4%87a" title="Edem pluća">edem pluća</a>. </p><p>Pored iskašljavanja krvi nezavisno od toga šta je uzrok krvavog ispljuvka, u kliničkoj slici bolesnika mogu se javiti i sledeći simptomi;<sup id="cite_ref-ref1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bol" title="Bol">Bol</a> u grudima</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispneja" title="Dispneja">Dispneja</a> (nedostatak vazduha, i u mirovanja)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groznica" title="Groznica">Groznica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%C4%8Dnina" title="Mučnina">Mučnina</a></li> <li>Tahipneja (ubrzano disanje)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povra%C4%87anje" title="Povraćanje">Povraćanje</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nivoi_hemoptizije">Nivoi hemoptizije</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Nivoi hemoptizije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Nivoi hemoptizije"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na osnovu količine iskašljane krvi postoje tri stepena hemoptizije; </p> <ul><li><b>Prvi stepen</b>; (blaži oblik hemoptizije), ako je količina iskašljane krvi do 100 ml/24 časa.</li> <li><b>Drugi stepen</b>; (umereni oblik hemoptizije), ako je količina iskašljane krvi od 100 do 500 ml/24 časa.</li> <li><b>Treći stepen</b>; (težak oblik hemoptizije), ako je količina iskašljane krvi veća od 500 ml/24 časa.</li> <li><b>Hemoptoja</b>; je poseban, najteži, oblik iskašljavanja <a href="/wiki/Krv" title="Krv">krvi</a> koji se naziva i »eksanguinantna hemoptizija«, koju karakteriše krvarenje u količini većoj od 150 ml/čas.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dijagnoza">Dijagnoza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Dijagnoza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Dijagnoza"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Svako iskašljavanje krvi zahteva detaljno <a href="/wiki/Utvr%C4%91ivanje_bolesti" title="Utvrđivanje bolesti">ispitivanje bolesnika</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dijagnoza_(izraz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dijagnoza (izraz)">Dijagnoza</a> osnovnog oboljenja se postavlja na osnovu; </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anamneza_(medicina)" title="Anamneza (medicina)">Anamneze</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utvr%C4%91ivanje_bolesti" title="Utvrđivanje bolesti">Objektivnog pregleda</a>.</li> <li>Laboratorijske analize, ispljuvka i krvi(trombocita, faktora koagulacija, krvne slike, krvne grupe ABO + RH faktora itd)</li> <li>Bakteriološke analize ispljuvka, na bacil tuberkuloze i druge infektivne bolesti.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiografija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiografija (stranica ne postoji)">Radiografija</a> grudnog koša;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronhoskopija" title="Bronhoskopija">Bronhoskopija</a>;</li> <li>CT grudnog koša (<a href="/wiki/Kompjuterizovana_tomografija" class="mw-redirect" title="Kompjuterizovana tomografija">kompjuterizovana tomografija</a>).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirometrija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spirometrija (stranica ne postoji)">Spirometrija</a> (isipitivanja plućne funkcije).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scintigrafija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scintigrafija (stranica ne postoji)">Scintigrafija</a> pluća.</li> <li>Ostalih testova, u zavisnosti od sumnje na mogući uzrok hemoptizije i nakon dobijenih rezultata početnog ispitivanja.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diferencijalna_dijagnoza">Diferencijalna dijagnoza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Diferencijalna dijagnoza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Diferencijalna dijagnoza"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pacijenti često nisu sigurni da li je krv iz respiratornog ili digestivnog trakta. Zato u postoji velika razlika, u diferencijaloj dijagnozi (ali i u konačanom ishodu oporavaka) i lečenja, između hemoptizije i <a href="/wiki/Hematemeza" title="Hematemeza">hematemeze</a> (povraćanja krvi). </p> <table border="2" cellpadding="2"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="13" align="center"><div class="NavHead" style="background: #87CEEB; text-align: center; font-size:100%"><b>Diferencijalno-dijagnostičke razlike između hemoptizije i hemetemeze <sup id="cite_ref-ref1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> <p><b></b> </p> </div></td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><b>Hemoptizija</b> </td> <td align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Hematemeza" title="Hematemeza">Hematemeza</a> </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <ul><li>U anamnezi postoje respiratorni simptom, (<a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%A1alj" title="Kašalj">kašalj</a>, penušav voden <a href="/wiki/Ispljuvak" title="Ispljuvak">ispljuvak</a> itd)</li> <li>Iskašljana <a href="/wiki/Krv" title="Krv">krv</a> je svetlocrvene boje</li> <li>Krv je u tečnom stanju ili usirena, (slična ugrušcima ili končićima)</li></ul> </td> <td align="left"> <ul><li>U anamnezi postoji prekomerna upotrebe <a href="/wiki/Alkohol" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkohol">alkohola</a> ili bolesti <a href="/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra">jetre</a></li> <li>Postoje <a href="/wiki/Simptom" class="mw-redirect" title="Simptom">simptomi</a> regurgitacije <a href="/wiki/Hrana" title="Hrana">hrane</a> u <a href="/wiki/Jednjak" title="Jednjak">jednjaku</a> (<a href="/wiki/Goru%C5%A1ica" title="Gorušica">gorušica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mu%C4%8Dnina" title="Mučnina">mučnina</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Povra%C4%87anje" title="Povraćanje">povraćanje</a>)</li> <li>Krv je <a href="/wiki/Braon" class="mw-redirect" title="Braon">braon</a> ili boje <a href="/wiki/Kafa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kafa">crne kafe</a></li> <li>Krv ima izgled „sosa“</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolica" title="Stolica">Stolica</a> tamne boje, nalik na <a href="/wiki/Katran" title="Katran">katran</a> (stanje poznato kao <a href="/wiki/Melena" class="mw-disambig" title="Melena">melena</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terapija">Terapija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odjeljak Terapija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Terapija"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Etiološka_terapija"><span id="Etiolo.C5.A1ka_terapija"></span>Etiološka terapija</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odjeljak Etiološka terapija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Etiološka terapija"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ova vrsta terapije, koja se zasniva na lečenju uzroka hemoptizije, primenjuje se obavezno u svim slučajevima hemoptizije, i kada se hemaoptizija ispoljava u blagom ili umereno teškom obliku uz stalni nadzor bolesnika.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lečenje_masivne_hemoptizije_(hemoptoje)"><span id="Le.C4.8Denje_masivne_hemoptizije_.28hemoptoje.29"></span>Lečenje masivne hemoptizije (hemoptoje)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odjeljak Lečenje masivne hemoptizije (hemoptoje)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Lečenje masivne hemoptizije (hemoptoje)"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kako se kod ovog oblika (hemoptoje) radi o obilnom krvarenju (najčešće preko 200 ml krvi) ona ima osnovni cilj da što pre zaustavi krvarenje i da održava vitalne funkcije (posebno disanja) sve do prestanka daljeg iskašljavanja krvi i obuhvata sledeće mere; </p> <ul><li>Primenu <a href="/wiki/Kiseonik" title="Kiseonik">kiseonika</a>, čiji protok terba podesiti tako da se u krvi održava arterijska saturacija kiseonikom veća od 90%</li> <li>Primena infuzija makromolekularnih rastvora i pune krvi (vidi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transfuzija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transfuzija (stranica ne postoji)">transfuzija</a> krvi) u slučaju masivnih <a href="/wiki/Iskrvavljenost" title="Iskrvavljenost">iskrvavljenja</a> i pretećeg <a href="/wiki/Hipovolemijski_%C5%A1ok" title="Hipovolemijski šok">hipovolemijskog šoka</a>.</li> <li>Intubacija traheje i mehanička ventilacija ako je bolesnik u <a href="/wiki/Koma" title="Koma">komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infuzija" class="mw-disambig" title="Infuzija">Infuzija</a> vazokonstriktornih lekova, najčešće zaustavlja krvarenja. U slučaju neuspeha, pristupa se interventnoj embolizaciji (spaljivanju) arterija odgovornih za pojavu krvarenja.</li> <li>Operativni zahvat, primenjuje se kao poslednje sredstvo, u slučaju neuspeha ostalih načina terapije. Bolesnici sa masivnim krvrenjem iz disajnih puteva (<a href="/wiki/Hemoptoja" title="Hemoptoja">hemoptojom</a>) predstavljaju jedan od najtežih problema u grudnoj <a href="/wiki/Hirurgija" class="mw-redirect" title="Hirurgija">hirurgiji</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povezano">Povezano</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odjeljak Povezano" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povezano"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hemoptoja" title="Hemoptoja">Hemoptoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuberkuloza" title="Tuberkuloza">Tuberkuloza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upala_plu%C4%87a" title="Upala pluća">Upala pluća</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karcinom_bronha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karcinom bronha (stranica ne postoji)">Karcinom bronha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronhiektazije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bronhiektazije (stranica ne postoji)">Bronhiektazije</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odjeljak Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemoptizija&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Literatura"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41378145">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ristić S. M. Klinička propedevtika, Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva, Beograd, 1990.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cahill, B.C., Ingbar, D.H. (1994) Massive hemoptysis. Assessment and management. Clin Chest Med, 15(1): 147-67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ref1_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ref1_3-1">3,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ref1_3-2">3,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pulmonologychannel.com/hemoptysis/symptoms.shtml">Hemoptysis ,Signs and Symptoms</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090204213449/http://www.pulmonologychannel.com/hemoptysis/symptoms.shtml">Arhivirano</a> 2009-02-04 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a> Posećeno; 17. februara 2010. en</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scindeks.nb.rs/article.aspx?artid=0354-42650202021R">Radić, S.et al. "Plućna hemoragija i hemoptizije u dece." Dečja pulmologija 10.1-2 (2002): 21-26.</a> Posećeno 17. februara 2010. sr</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Glogovac Mileta: ZNAČAJ HEMOPTIZIJA I HEMOPTOJA U DIFERENCIJALNOJ DIJAGNOZI TUBERKULOZE PLUĆA, Timočki Medicinski Glasnik, Vol. VIII, br. 2, 1983; 111-116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dedić Svetislav, Obrenović M., Anđelković D.: SAVREMENA TERAPIJA TUBERKULOZE RESPIRATORNIH ORGANA, Timočki Medicinski Glasnik, Vol. VIII, br. 4, 1983; 312-324</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41348688">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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title="Astenija">Astenija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Groznica" title="Groznica">Groznica</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#ABCDEF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Kardiovaskularni_sistem" class="mw-redirect" title="Kardiovaskularni sistem">Srce i krvni sudovi</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bradikardija" title="Bradikardija">Bradikardija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Intermitentna_klaudikacija" title="Intermitentna klaudikacija">Klaudikacije</a> • Bol u grudima • <a href="/wiki/Dispneja" title="Dispneja">Dispneja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hipertenzija" title="Hipertenzija">Hipertenzija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hipotenzija" title="Hipotenzija">Hipotenzija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Slabost" class="mw-redirect" title="Slabost">Slabost</a> • <a href="/wiki/Otok_(medicina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Otok (medicina)">Edem</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lupanje_srca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lupanje srca (stranica ne postoji)">Lupanje srca</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nedostatak_vazduha" class="mw-redirect" title="Nedostatak vazduha">Nedostatak vazduha</a> • Žamor srca • <a href="/wiki/Sinkopa_(medicina)" title="Sinkopa (medicina)">Sinkopa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tahikardija" title="Tahikardija">Tahikardija</a> • Nabreklost vratnih arterija</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#ABCDEF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Jetra" title="Jetra">Jetra</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sistem_organa_za_varenje" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem organa za varenje">organi za varenje</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ascites" title="Ascites">Ascites</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nadutost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nadutost (stranica ne postoji)">Nadimanje u stomaku</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zatvor_(medicina)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zatvor (medicina) (stranica ne postoji)">Zatvor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Proliv" class="mw-redirect" title="Proliv">Proliv</a> • Bolovi u stomaku • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dispepsija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dispepsija (stranica ne postoji)">Dispepsija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Disfagija" title="Disfagija">Disfagija</a> • Crvenilo šaka • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metorizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metorizam (stranica ne postoji)">Metorizam</a> • Hematemeza • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hepatomegalija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hepatomegalija (stranica ne postoji)">Hepatomegalija</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDutica_(medicina)" class="mw-redirect" title="Žutica (medicina)">Žutica</a> • <a href="/wiki/Melena_(medicina)" title="Melena (medicina)">Melena</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mu%C4%8Dnina" title="Mučnina">Mučnina</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goru%C5%A1ica_(medicina)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorušica (medicina) (stranica ne postoji)">Gorušica</a> • <a href="/wiki/Podrigivanje" title="Podrigivanje">Podrigivanje</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Splenomegalija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Splenomegalija (stranica ne postoji)">Splenomegalija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenezmi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenezmi (stranica ne postoji)">Tenezmi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Povra%C4%87anje" title="Povraćanje">Povraćanje</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#ABCDEF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Grudna_kost" class="mw-redirect" title="Grudna kost">Grudni koš</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Apneja" title="Apneja">Apneja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bradipneja" title="Bradipneja">Bradipneja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cijanoza" title="Cijanoza">Cijanoza</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bol_u_grudima" title="Bol u grudima">Bol u grudima</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dispneja" title="Dispneja">Dispneja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hemoptiza" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemoptiza">Hemoptiza</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tahipneja" title="Tahipneja">Tahipneja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%A1alj" title="Kašalj">Kašalj</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#ABCDEF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Urologija" title="Urologija">Urologija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nefrologija" title="Nefrologija">nefrologija</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anurija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anurija (stranica ne postoji)">Anurija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bakteriurija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bakteriurija (stranica ne postoji)">Bakteriurija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dehidracija" title="Dehidracija">Dehidracija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dizurija" title="Dizurija">Dizurija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fekalurija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fekalurija (stranica ne postoji)">Fekalurija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hematurija" title="Hematurija">Hematurija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inkontinencija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inkontinencija (stranica ne postoji)">Inkontinencija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Leukociturija" title="Leukociturija">Leukociturija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oligurija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oligurija (stranica ne postoji)">Oligurija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polaksiurija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polaksiurija (stranica ne postoji)">Polaksiurija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polidipsija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polidipsija (stranica ne postoji)">Polidipsija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poliurija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poliurija (stranica ne postoji)">Poliurija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Proteinurija" title="Proteinurija">Proteinurija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pneumaturija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pneumaturija (stranica ne postoji)">Pneumaturija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piurija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piurija (stranica ne postoji)">Piurija</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#ABCDEF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Psihijatrija" title="Psihijatrija">Psihijatrija</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abulia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abulia (stranica ne postoji)">Abulia</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agitacija_(medicina)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agitacija (medicina) (stranica ne postoji)">Agitacija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Agorafobija" title="Agorafobija">Agorafobija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ambivalentnost" title="Ambivalentnost">Ambivalentnost</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anoreksija" title="Anoreksija">Anoreksija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anksioznost" title="Anksioznost">Anksioznost</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravnodu%C5%A1nost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravnodušnost (stranica ne postoji)">Ravnodušnost</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Napad_panike&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napad panike (stranica ne postoji)">Napad panike</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mentalni_automatizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mentalni automatizam (stranica ne postoji)">Mentalni automatizam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Klaustrofobija" title="Klaustrofobija">Klaustrofobija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prinuda_(medicina)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prinuda (medicina) (stranica ne postoji)">Prinuda</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koprolalija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koprolalija (stranica ne postoji)">Koprolalija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Delirijum" title="Delirijum">Delirijum</a> • <a href="/wiki/Disocijativni_simptomi" title="Disocijativni simptomi">Disocijacija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eholalija" title="Eholalija">Eholalija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konfabulacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konfabulacija (stranica ne postoji)">Konfabulacija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Graforea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graforea (stranica ne postoji)">Graforea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Halucinacije" class="mw-redirect" title="Halucinacije">Halucinacije</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hiperaktivnost" title="Hiperaktivnost">Hiperaktivnost</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hipermnezija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hipermnezija (stranica ne postoji)">Hipermnezija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hipersomnija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hipersomnija (stranica ne postoji)">Hipersomnija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hipomimija" title="Hipomimija">Hipomimija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ideje" class="mw-redirect" title="Ideje">Ideje</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Impulsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impulsi (stranica ne postoji)">Impulsi</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nedostojnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nedostojnost (stranica ne postoji)">Nedostojnost</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nesanica" title="Nesanica">Nesanica</a> • <a href="/wiki/Logoreja" title="Logoreja">Logoreja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Megalomanija" title="Megalomanija">Megalomanija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seta (stranica ne postoji)">Seta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mutizam" title="Mutizam">Mutizam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Negativizam" title="Negativizam">Negativizam</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nozosofobija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nozosofobija (stranica ne postoji)">Nozosofobija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opsesija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Opsesija (stranica ne postoji)">Opsesija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fobija" title="Fobija">Fobija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Psihomotorna_usporenost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Psihomotorna usporenost (stranica ne postoji)">Psihomotorna usporenost</a> • <a href="/wiki/Monolog" title="Monolog">Monolog</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stereotipija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stereotipija (stranica ne postoji)">Stereotipija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teatralnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teatralnost (stranica ne postoji)">Teatralnost</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tik" class="mw-disambig" title="Tik">Tik</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tuga" title="Tuga">Tuga</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaginizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaginizam (stranica ne postoji)">Vaginizam</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#ABCDEF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Neurologija" title="Neurologija">Neurologija</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abnormalan_hod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abnormalan hod (stranica ne postoji)">Abnormalan hod</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agnosognozija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agnosognozija (stranica ne postoji)">Agnosognozija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Agnozija" title="Agnozija">Agnozija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akinezija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akinezija (stranica ne postoji)">Akinezija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amauroza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amauroza (stranica ne postoji)">Amauroza</a> • <a href="/wiki/Amnezija" title="Amnezija">Amnezija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arefleksija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arefleksija (stranica ne postoji)">Arefleksija</a> • Asomatognozija • <a href="/wiki/Ataksija" title="Ataksija">Ataksija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Apraksija" title="Apraksija">Apraksija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Babinskijev_znak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Babinskijev znak (stranica ne postoji)">Babinskijev znak</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brud%C5%BEinskijev_znak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brudžinskijev znak (stranica ne postoji)">Brudžinskijev znak</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brokinova_afazija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brokinova afazija (stranica ne postoji)">Brokinova afazija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Glavobolja" title="Glavobolja">Glavobolja</a> • <a href="/wiki/Diplopija" title="Diplopija">Diplopija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dismetrija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dismetrija (stranica ne postoji)">Dismetrija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dispraksija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dispraksija (stranica ne postoji)">Dispraksija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dizartrija" title="Dizartrija">Dizartrija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dezorijentacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dezorijentacija (stranica ne postoji)">Dezorijentacija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemianopija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemianopija (stranica ne postoji)">Hemianopija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemiasomatognoza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemiasomatognoza (stranica ne postoji)">Hemiasomatognoza</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hipotonija" class="mw-redirect" title="Hipotonija">Hipotonija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hipermetrija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hipermetrija (stranica ne postoji)">Hipermetrija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiperrefleksija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiperrefleksija (stranica ne postoji)">Hiperrefleksija</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hipertonija" class="mw-redirect" title="Hipertonija">Hipertonija</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klonus_zgloba_stopala&action=edit&redlink=1" 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