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id="toc-Basic_missile_system_specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basic_missile_system_specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Basic missile system specifications </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basic_missile_system_specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Operation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Integration_with_higher_level_command_posts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Integration_with_higher_level_command_posts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Integration with higher level command posts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Integration_with_higher_level_command_posts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Naval versions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-3S90_"Uragan"_/_M-22,_or_for_export_"Shtil"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3S90_"Uragan"_/_M-22,_or_for_export_"Shtil""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 3S90 "Uragan" / M-22, or for export "Shtil" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3S90_"Uragan"_/_M-22,_or_for_export_"Shtil"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3S90_"Ezh"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3S90_"Ezh""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.2 3S90 "Ezh" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3S90_"Ezh"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3S90M,_or_for_export_"Shtil-1"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3S90M,_or_for_export_"Shtil-1""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.3 3S90M, or for export "Shtil-1" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3S90M,_or_for_export_"Shtil-1"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Operational history </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operational history subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Combat_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combat_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Combat service </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combat_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Georgia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Georgia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Georgia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Georgia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russo-Ukrainian_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russo-Ukrainian_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 Russo-Ukrainian War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russo-Ukrainian_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.3 Middle East </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.4 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Missiles </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Missiles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Missiles subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Missiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-9М38_and_9М38M1_missile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#9М38_and_9М38M1_missile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 9М38 and 9М38M1 missile </div> </a> <ul id="toc-9М38_and_9М38M1_missile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-9M317_missile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#9M317_missile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 9M317 missile </div> </a> <ul id="toc-9M317_missile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-9M317M_and_9M317A_missiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#9M317M_and_9M317A_missiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 9M317M and 9M317A missiles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-9M317M_and_9M317A_missiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-9M317M(E)_missile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#9M317M(E)_missile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 9M317M(E) missile </div> </a> <ul id="toc-9M317M(E)_missile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparison" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparison"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.2 Comparison </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparison-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Other variants </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Original_design_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original_design_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Original design tree </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Original_design_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval_version_design_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_version_design_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Naval version design tree </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_version_design_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Copies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Copies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HQ-16" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HQ-16"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 HQ-16 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HQ-16-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-System_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#System_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 System composition </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-System_composition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle System composition subsection </button> <ul id="toc-System_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-9K37_Buk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#9K37_Buk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 9K37 Buk </div> </a> <ul id="toc-9K37_Buk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2K12M4_Kub-M4_(9K37-1_Buk-1)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2K12M4_Kub-M4_(9K37-1_Buk-1)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 2K12M4 Kub-M4 (9K37-1 Buk-1) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2K12M4_Kub-M4_(9K37-1_Buk-1)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-9K37M1_Buk-M1_(Ganges)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#9K37M1_Buk-M1_(Ganges)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 9K37M1 Buk-M1 (Ganges) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-9K37M1_Buk-M1_(Ganges)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Technical_service_division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_service_division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 Technical service division </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_service_division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-9K37M1-2_Buk-M1-2_(Ural)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#9K37M1-2_Buk-M1-2_(Ural)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 9K37M1-2 Buk-M1-2 (Ural) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-9K37M1-2_Buk-M1-2_(Ural)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Technical_service_division_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_service_division_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.1 Technical service division </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_service_division_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-9K317_Buk-M2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#9K317_Buk-M2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 9K317 Buk-M2 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-9K317_Buk-M2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buk-M3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buk-M3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Buk-M3 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buk-M3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Operators </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operators-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operators subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Current operators </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Former operators </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Potential_operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potential_operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Potential operators </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Potential_operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Failed_bids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Failed_bids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Failed bids </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Failed_bids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Sources </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sources subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Russian_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Russian sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Video </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Buk missile system</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" > 40 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%83" title="نظام صواريخ بوك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام صواريخ بوك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%84_%D5%B0%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Պուք հրթիռային համակարգ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պուք հրթիռային համակարգ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk_(zenit-raket_kompleksi)" title="Buk (zenit-raket kompleksi) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Buk (zenit-raket kompleksi)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%A9_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%A9_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85" title="بوک موشک سیستم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بوک موشک سیستم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA_(%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9A)" title="Бук (ЗРК) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бук (ЗРК)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/9%D0%9A37_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA" title="9К37 Бук – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="9К37 Бук" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K37_Buk" title="9K37 Buk – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="9K37 Buk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K37_Buk" title="9K37 Buk – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="9K37 Buk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk_(raketis%C3%BCsteem)" title="Buk (raketisüsteem) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Buk (raketisüsteem)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misil_Buk" title="Misil Buk – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Misil Buk" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%A9" title="سامانه موشکی بوک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سامانه موشکی بوک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K38_Buk-M1-2" title="9K38 Buk-M1-2 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="9K38 Buk-M1-2" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/SA-11" title="SA-11 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="SA-11" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF_(%D4%B6%D5%80%D5%80)" title="Բուկ (ԶՀՀ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուկ (ԶՀՀ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K37_Buk" title="9K37 Buk – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="9K37 Buk" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk_(sistem_peluru_kendali)" title="Buk (sistem peluru kendali) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Buk (sistem peluru kendali)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk_(sistema_missilistico_antiaereo)" title="Buk (sistema missilistico antiaereo) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Buk (sistema missilistico antiaereo)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K37_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A7" title="9K37 בוק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="9K37 בוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA_(%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96)" title="Бук (зымыран кешені) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бук (зымыран кешені)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk" title="Buk – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Buk" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenitinis_raket%C5%B3_kompleksas_Buk" title="Zenitinis raketų kompleksas Buk – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Zenitinis raketų kompleksas Buk" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K37_Buk" title="9K37 Buk – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="9K37 Buk" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_peluru_berpandu_Buk" title="Sistem peluru berpandu Buk – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sistem peluru berpandu Buk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/9%D0%9A37_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA" title="9К37 Бук – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="9К37 Бук" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boek_(raketsysteem)" title="Boek (raketsysteem) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boek (raketsysteem)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K37" title="9K37 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="9K37" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K37_Buk" title="9K37 Buk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="9K37 Buk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K37_Buk" title="9K37 Buk – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="9K37 Buk" data-language-autonym="Polski" 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lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бук (зенитный ракетный комплекс)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K37_Buk" title="9K37 Buk – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="9K37 Buk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K37_Buk" title="9K37 Buk – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="9K37 Buk" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk-ilmatorjuntaj%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Buk-ilmatorjuntajärjestelmä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Buk-ilmatorjuntajärjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K37_Buk" title="9K37 Buk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="9K37 Buk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="பூக் ஏவுகணை அமைப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பூக் ஏவுகணை அமைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Soviet surface-to-air missile system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Buk_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Buk (disambiguation)">Buk (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hproduct" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"> 9K37 Buk <a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_reporting_names_for_surface-to-air_missiles" title="List of NATO reporting names for surface-to-air missiles">NATO reporting name</a>: SA-11 Gadfly, SA-17 Grizzly, SA-N-7 Gadfly </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buk-M1-2_air_defence_system_in_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buk-M1-2 air defence system in 2010"><img alt="Buk-M1-2 air defence system in 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Buk-M1-2_air_defence_system_in_2010.jpg/350px-Buk-M1-2_air_defence_system_in_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Buk-M1-2_air_defence_system_in_2010.jpg/525px-Buk-M1-2_air_defence_system_in_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Buk-M1-2_air_defence_system_in_2010.jpg/700px-Buk-M1-2_air_defence_system_in_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1420" /></a><figcaption>Buk-M1-2 air defence system in 2010</figcaption></figure><div class="infobox-caption">From left to right: Buk-M1-2 TAR, TELAR and TEL vehicles in 2010</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Medium range <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">SAM</a> system</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">Soviet Union; later Russia</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Service history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">In service</th><td class="infobox-data">1980–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Used by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/9K37_Buk#Operators" class="mw-redirect" title="9K37 Buk">9K37 Buk § Operators</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Wars</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War" title="Russo-Georgian War">Russo-Georgian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">War in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Production history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/Almaz-Antey" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaz-Antey">Almaz-Antey</a>:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Tikhomirov_Scientific_Research_Institute_of_Instrument_Design" title="Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design">Tikhomirov NIIP</a> (lead designer) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/NPO_Novator" title="NPO Novator">Lyulev Novator</a> (SA missile designer) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/MNIIRE_Altair" class="mw-redirect" title="MNIIRE Altair">MNIIRE Altair</a> (naval version designer) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/NIIIP" title="NIIIP">NIIIP</a> (surveillance radar designer) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Dolgoprudny_Scientific_Production_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolgoprudny Scientific Production Plant">DNPP</a> (missiles) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk_Mechanical_Plant" title="Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant">UMZ</a> (TELARs) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Kalinin_Machine-building_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinin Machine-building Plant">MZiK</a> (TELs)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </li></ul> </div> <a href="/wiki/Kalashnikov_Concern" title="Kalashnikov Concern">Kalashnikov</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mytishchi_Machine-Building_Plant" title="Mytishchi Machine-Building Plant">MMZ</a> (<a href="/wiki/GM_chassis" title="GM chassis">GM chassis</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Designed</th><td class="infobox-data">1972</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Variants</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Land:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 9K37 "Buk" </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 9K37M </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 9K37M1 "Buk-M1" </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 9K37M1-2 "Buk-M1-2" </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 9K37M1-2A </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 9K317 "Buk-M2" </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 9K317M "Buk-M3" </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Naval:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 3S90 (M-22) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 3S90M </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 3S90E.1 </li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Buk (Russian: "Бук"; "<a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">beech</a>" (tree), <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/bʊk/</a>) is a family of <a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_anti-aircraft_weapon" title="Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon">self-propelled</a>, medium-range <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missile</a> systems developed by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and its successor state, the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>, and designed to counter cruise missiles, smart bombs and <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">rotary-wing aircraft</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">unmanned aerial vehicles</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In the Russian <a href="/wiki/Anti-access/area_denial" title="Anti-access/area denial">A2AD</a> network, Buk is located between the <a href="/wiki/S-200_missile_system" title="S-200 missile system">S-200</a>/<a href="/wiki/S-300_missile_system" title="S-300 missile system">300</a>/<a href="/wiki/S-400_missile_system" title="S-400 missile system">400</a> systems above and the point defense <a href="/wiki/Tor_missile_system" title="Tor missile system">Tor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pantsir_missile_system" title="Pantsir missile system">Pantsir</a> type systems below.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> A standard Buk battalion consists of a command vehicle, <a href="/wiki/Target_acquisition_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Target acquisition radar">target acquisition radar</a> (TAR) vehicle, six <a href="/wiki/Transporter_erector_launcher_and_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Transporter erector launcher and radar">transporter erector launcher and radar</a> (TELAR) vehicles and three transporter erector launcher (TEL) vehicles. A Buk missile battery consists of two TELAR (four missiles apiece) and one TEL vehicle, with six missiles for a full complement of 14 missiles. The Buk missile system is the successor to the <a href="/wiki/Tikhomirov_Scientific_Research_Institute_of_Instrument_Design" title="Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design">NIIP</a>/<a href="/wiki/Vympel_NPO" title="Vympel NPO">Vympel</a> <a href="/wiki/2K12_Kub" title="2K12 Kub">2K12 Kub</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_reporting_names_for_surface-to-air_missiles" title="List of NATO reporting names for surface-to-air missiles">NATO reporting name</a> SA-6 "Gainful").[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The first version of Buk adopted into service carried the <a href="/wiki/GRAU" class="mw-redirect" title="GRAU">GRAU</a> designation 9K37 Buk and was identified in the west with the NATO reporting name "Gadfly" as well as the <a href="/wiki/US_Department_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="US Department of Defense">US Department of Defense</a> (DoD) designation SA-11.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] With the integration of a new missile, the Buk-M1-2 and Buk-M2 systems also received a new NATO reporting name Grizzly and a new DoD designation SA-17. Since 2013, the latest incarnation "Buk-M3" is currently in production and active service with a new DoD designation SA-27.<a href="#cite_note-RIANovosti-Buk-M3-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-TASS-Buk-M3-4">[4]</a> A naval version of the system, designed by <a href="/wiki/MNIIRE_Altair" class="mw-redirect" title="MNIIRE Altair">MNIIRE Altair</a> (currently part of <a href="/wiki/GSKB_Almaz-Antey" class="mw-redirect" title="GSKB Almaz-Antey">GSKB Almaz-Antey</a>) for the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a>, received the <a href="/wiki/GRAU" class="mw-redirect" title="GRAU">GRAU</a> designation 3S90M and will be identified with the NATO reporting name Gollum and a DoD designation SA-N-7C, according to <a href="/wiki/Jane%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Jane's">Jane's Missiles & Rockets</a>. The naval system was scheduled for delivery in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-janes-shtil-5">[5]</a> A Buk missile was used to shoot down <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">Malaysia Airlines Flight 17</a> over Ukraine in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> Development of the 9K37 "Buk" started on 17 January 1972 at the request of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_CPSU" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Committee of the CPSU">Central Committee of the CPSU</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PVO-7">[7]</a> The development team included many of the same institutions that had developed the previous 2K12 "Kub" (NATO reporting name "Gainful", SA-6), including the <a href="/wiki/Tikhomirov_Scientific_Research_Institute_of_Instrument_Design" title="Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design">Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design</a> (NIIP) as the lead designer and the <a href="/wiki/NPO_Novator" title="NPO Novator">Novator</a> design bureau, which was responsible for the development of the missile armament.<a href="#cite_note-PVO-7">[7]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agat_Moscow_Research_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agat Moscow Research Institute (page does not exist)">Agat</a> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82_%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%C2%BB" class="extiw" title="ru:Московский научно-исследовательский институт «Агат»">ru</a>] were employed to develop <a href="/wiki/Homing_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Homing missile">radar-homing</a> capacities <a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> In addition to the land-based system, a marine system was to be produced for the Navy: the 3S90 "Uragan" (Russian: "Ураган"; <a href="/wiki/Hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane">hurricane</a>) which also carries the SA-N-7 and "Gadfly" designations.<a href="#cite_note-jnavy-9">[9]</a> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/2K12_Kub" title="2K12 Kub">Kub</a></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #afa;">Kvadrat</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Kub-M1</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Kub-M</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/2K12_Kub" title="2K12 Kub">Kub-M3</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Buk</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Uragan</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #afa;">Shtil</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Buk-M1</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Buk-1 (Kub-M4)</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Buk-M1-2</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #afa;">Gang Gange</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Buk-M1-2A</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Buk-M2</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #afa;">Ural</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #afa;">Buk-M2E</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #afa;">Buk-M2EK</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Ezh</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #afa;">Shtil</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Buk-M3</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #afa;">Export Version</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Soviet or Russian Version</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Smerch</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em;background-color: #afa;">Shtil-1</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> The Buk missile system was designed to surpass the 2K12 Kub in all parameters, and its designers, including its chief designer <a href="/wiki/Ardalion_Rastov" title="Ardalion Rastov">Ardalion Rastov</a>, visited Egypt in 1971 to see Kub in operation.<a href="#cite_note-Militaryparade-10">[10]</a> Both the Kub and Buk used self-propelled launchers developed by Ardalion Rastov. As a result of this visit, the developers came to the conclusion that each Buk <a href="/wiki/Transporter_erector_launcher" title="Transporter erector launcher">transporter erector launcher</a> (TEL) should have its own fire control radar, rather than being reliant on one central radar for the whole system as in Kub.<a href="#cite_note-Militaryparade-10">[10]</a> The result of this move from TEL to <a href="/wiki/Transporter_erector_launcher_and_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Transporter erector launcher and radar">transporter erector launcher and radar</a> (TELAR) was a system able to shoot at multiple targets in multiple directions at the same time. In 1974 the developers determined that although the Buk missile system is the successor to the Kub missile system, both systems could share some interoperability. The result of this decision was the 9K37-1 Buk-1 system.<a href="#cite_note-PVO-7">[7]</a> Interoperability between Buk TELAR and Kub TEL meant an increase in the number of fire control channels and available missiles for each system, as well as faster entry of Buk system components into service. The Buk-1 was adopted into service in 1978 following completion of state trials, while the complete Buk missile system was accepted into service in 1980<a href="#cite_note-Militaryparade-10">[10]</a> after state trials took place between 1977 and 1979.<a href="#cite_note-PVO-7">[7]</a> The naval variant of the 9K37 "Buk", the 3S90 "Uragan", was developed by the <a href="/wiki/Altair_design_bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="Altair design bureau">Altair design bureau</a> under the direction of chief designer G.N. Volgin.<a href="#cite_note-PVON-11">[11]</a> The 3S90 used the same 9M38 missile as the 9K37, though the launcher and associated guidance radars were exchanged for naval variants. After the 9S90 system was tested, between 1974 and 1976 on the <a href="/wiki/Kashin-class_destroyer" title="Kashin-class destroyer">Kashin-class destroyer</a> Provorny, it was accepted into service in 1983 on the Project 956 <a href="/wiki/Sovremenny-class_destroyer" title="Sovremenny-class destroyer">Sovremenny-class destroyers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PVON-11">[11]</a> No sooner had the 9K37 "Buk" entered service than the Central Committee of the CPSU authorised the development of a modernised 9K37 which would become the 9K37M1 Buk-M1, adopted into service in 1983.<a href="#cite_note-PVO-7">[7]</a> The modernisation improved the performance of the system radars, its "probability of kill" and its resistance to <a href="/wiki/Electronic_countermeasures" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic countermeasures">electronic countermeasures</a> (ECM). Additionally a digital target classification system was installed, relying on spectral analysis of returned radar signals.<a href="#cite_note-Militaryparade-10">[10]</a> This targeting system is of different nature and purpose when compared to an <a href="/wiki/Identification_friend_or_foe" title="Identification friend or foe">IFF</a> system. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buk-M1-2_9A310M1-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Buk-M1-2_9A310M1-2.jpg/170px-Buk-M1-2_9A310M1-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Buk-M1-2_9A310M1-2.jpg/255px-Buk-M1-2_9A310M1-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Buk-M1-2_9A310M1-2.jpg/340px-Buk-M1-2_9A310M1-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1938" data-file-height="2156" /></a><figcaption>A Buk-M1-2 SAM system 9A310M1-2 TELAR at 2005 <a href="/wiki/MAKS_Airshow" class="mw-redirect" title="MAKS Airshow">MAKS Airshow</a></figcaption></figure> Another modification to the Buk missile system was started in 1992 with work carried out between 1994 and 1997 to produce the 9K37M1-2 Buk-M1-2,<a href="#cite_note-PVO-7">[7]</a> which entered service in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-NIIP1-12">[12]</a> This modification introduced a new missile, the 9M317, which offered greater kinetic performance over the previous 9M38, which could still be used by the Buk-M1-2. Such sharing of the missile type caused a transition to a different <a href="/wiki/GRAU" class="mw-redirect" title="GRAU">GRAU</a> designation, 9K317, which has been used independently for all later systems. The previous 9K37 series name was also preserved for the complex, as was the "Buk" name. The new missile, as well as a variety of other modifications, allowed the system to shoot down ballistic missiles and surface targets, as well as enlarging the "performance and engagement envelope" (zone of danger for potential attack) for more traditional targets like aircraft and helicopters.<a href="#cite_note-PVO-7">[7]</a> The 9K37M1-2 Buk-M1-2 also received a new NATO reporting name distinguishing it from previous generations of the Buk system; this new reporting name was the SA-17 Grizzly. The export version of the 9K37M1-2 system is called "Ural" (Russian: "Урал"); this name has also been applied to M2, at least to early, towed, export versions.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shtil_zrk.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Shtil_zrk.png/170px-Shtil_zrk.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="412" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Shtil_zrk.png/255px-Shtil_zrk.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Shtil_zrk.png/340px-Shtil_zrk.png 2x" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="1539" /></a><figcaption>3S90M SA missile system (graphic)</figcaption></figure> The introduction of the 9K37M1-2 system for the land forces also marked the introduction of a new naval variant: the "Ezh", which carries the NATO reporting name SA-N-7B 'Grizzly' (9M317 missile). was exported under the name "Shtil" and carries a NATO reporting name of SA-N-7C 'Gollum' (9M317E missile), according to <a href="/wiki/Jane%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Jane's">Jane's</a> catalogue.<a href="#cite_note-jnavy-9">[9]</a> The 9K317 incorporates the 9M317 missile to replace the 9M38 used by the previous system. A further development of the system was unveiled as a concept at <a href="/w/index.php?title=EURONAVAL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EURONAVAL (page does not exist)">EURONAVAL</a> 2004, a vertical launch variant of the 9M317, the 9M317ME, which is expected to be exported under the name "Shtil-1". Jane's also reported that in the Russian forces it would have a name of 3S90M ("Smerch") (Russian: "Смерч", English translation: '<a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornado</a>').<a href="#cite_note-PVON-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-jstrategic-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-jstrategic2-15">[15]</a> The Buk-M1-2 modernisation – based on a previous more advanced developmental system referred to as the 9K317 "Buk-M2"<a href="#cite_note-PVO-7">[7]</a> – featured new missiles and a new third-generation <a href="/wiki/Phased_array" title="Phased array">phased array</a> <a href="/wiki/Fire_control_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire control radar">fire control radar</a> allowing targeting of up to four targets while tracking an additional 24. A new radar system with a fire control radar on a 24 m extending boom reputedly enabled more accurate targeting of low-altitude planes.<a href="#cite_note-NIIP2-16">[16]</a> This generation of Buk missile systems was stalled due to poor economic conditions after the fall of the Soviet Union. The system was presented as a static display at the 2007 <a href="/wiki/MAKS_Airshow" class="mw-redirect" title="MAKS Airshow">MAKS Airshow</a>. In October 2007, Russian General <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Frolov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolai Frolov (page does not exist)">Nikolai Frolov</a>, commander of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Ground_Forces" title="Russian Ground Forces">Russian Ground Forces</a> air defense, declared that the army would receive the brand-new Buk-M3 to replace the Buk-M1. He stipulated that the M3 would feature advanced electronic components and enter into service in 2009.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The upgraded Buk-M3 TELAR will have a seven rollers tracked chassis and 6 missiles in launch tubes.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inside_of_a_Buk-SAM_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Inside_of_a_Buk-SAM_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Inside_of_a_Buk-SAM_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Inside_of_a_Buk-SAM_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Inside_of_a_Buk-SAM_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Inside_of_a_Buk-SAM_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Inside_of_a_Buk-SAM_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="809" /></a><figcaption>Inside the TELAR of a Buk-M1 SAM system</figcaption></figure> A standard Buk battalion consists of a command vehicle, <a href="/wiki/Target_acquisition_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Target acquisition radar">target acquisition radar</a> (TAR) vehicle, six <a href="/wiki/Transporter_erector_launcher_and_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Transporter erector launcher and radar">transporter erector launcher and radar</a> (TELAR) vehicles and three transporter erector launcher (TEL) vehicles. A Buk missile battery consists of two TELAR and one TEL vehicle. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:9%D0%9039_TEL_interior.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/9%D0%9039_TEL_interior.JPG/220px-9%D0%9039_TEL_interior.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/9%D0%9039_TEL_interior.JPG/330px-9%D0%9039_TEL_interior.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/9%D0%9039_TEL_interior.JPG/440px-9%D0%9039_TEL_interior.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Inside the TEL of a Buk-M1-2 SAM system</figcaption></figure> The Buk-M1-2 TELAR uses the <a href="/wiki/GM_(chassis)" class="mw-redirect" title="GM (chassis)">GM-569 chassis</a> designed and produced by JSC <a href="/wiki/Metrovagonmash" class="mw-redirect" title="Metrovagonmash">MMZ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mytishchi" title="Mytishchi">Mytishchi</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Met-18">[18]</a> The TELAR <a href="/wiki/Superstructure" title="Superstructure">superstructure</a> is a turret containing the fire control radar at the front and a launcher with four ready-to-fire missiles on top. Each TELAR is operated by a crew of four and is equipped with <a href="/wiki/Chemical,_biological,_radiological,_and_nuclear" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear">chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear</a> (CBRN) protection. It can guide up to three missiles against a single target. While the early Buk had a day radar tracking system 9Sh38 (similar to that used on <a href="/wiki/Kub_missile_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Kub missile system">Kub</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tor_missile_system" title="Tor missile system">Tor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osa_missile_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Osa missile system">Osa missile system</a>), its current design can be fitted with a combined optical tracking system with a thermal camera and a laser rangefinder for passive tracking of the target. The 9K37 system can also use the same 1S91 Straight Flush 25 kW <a href="/wiki/G_band_(NATO)" title="G band (NATO)">G</a>/<a href="/wiki/H_band_(NATO)" title="H band (NATO)">H band</a> <a href="/wiki/Continuous_wave" title="Continuous wave">continuous wave</a> radar as the 3M9 "Kub" system. The 9S35 radar of the original Buk TELAR uses a mechanical scan of a <a href="/wiki/Cassegrain_antenna" title="Cassegrain antenna">Cassegrain antenna</a> reflector, where the Buk-M2 TELAR design used a <a href="/wiki/Passive_electronically_scanned_array" title="Passive electronically scanned array">PESA</a>, for tracking and missile guidance. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buk-M1-2_9S18M1-1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Buk-M1-2_9S18M1-1.JPG/170px-Buk-M1-2_9S18M1-1.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Buk-M1-2_9S18M1-1.JPG/255px-Buk-M1-2_9S18M1-1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Buk-M1-2_9S18M1-1.JPG/340px-Buk-M1-2_9S18M1-1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A Buk-M1-2 SAM system 9S18M1-1 Tube Arm target acquisition radar (TAR) on 2005 <a href="/wiki/MAKS_Airshow" class="mw-redirect" title="MAKS Airshow">MAKS Airshow</a></figcaption></figure> The 9K37 uses the 9S18 "Tube Arm" or 9S18M1 (which carries the NATO reporting name "Snow Drift") (Russian: СОЦ 9C18 "Купол"; <a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">dome</a>) target acquisition radar in combination with the 9S35 or 9S35M1 "Fire Dome" <a href="/wiki/H_band_(NATO)" title="H band (NATO)">H</a>/<a href="/wiki/I_band_(NATO)" title="I band (NATO)">I band</a> tracking and engagement radar which is mounted on each TELAR. The Snow Drift target acquisition radar has a maximum detection range of 85 km (53 mi) and can detect an aircraft flying at 100 m (330 ft) from 35 km (22 mi) away and even lower flying targets at ranges of around 10–20 km (6–12 mi). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Control_console_of_Buk-M2E_missile_system_TELAR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Control_console_of_Buk-M2E_missile_system_TELAR.jpg/220px-Control_console_of_Buk-M2E_missile_system_TELAR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Control_console_of_Buk-M2E_missile_system_TELAR.jpg/330px-Control_console_of_Buk-M2E_missile_system_TELAR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Control_console_of_Buk-M2E_missile_system_TELAR.jpg/440px-Control_console_of_Buk-M2E_missile_system_TELAR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Console of the upgraded TELAR of a Buk-M2E</figcaption></figure> The TEL reload vehicle for the Buk battery resembles the TELAR, but instead of a radar they have a <a href="/wiki/Crane_(machine)" title="Crane (machine)">crane</a> for the loading of missiles. They are capable of launching missiles directly but require the cooperation of a Fire Dome-equipped TELAR for missile guidance. A reload vehicle can transfer its missiles to a TELAR in around 13 minutes and can reload itself from stores in around 15 minutes. Also, the Buk-M2 featured a new vehicle like TELAR but with radar atop of a <a href="/wiki/Telescopic_cylinder" title="Telescopic cylinder">telescopic lift</a> and without missiles, called a target acquisition radar (TAR) 9S36. This vehicle could be used together with two TELs 9A316 to attack up to four targets, missile guidance in forested or hilly regions. The mobile simulator SAM Buk-M2E was shown at MAKS-2013. A self-propelled fire simulator installation JMA 9A317ET SAM "Buk-M2E", based on the mobile, is designed for training and evaluating the combat crew in the war environment to detect, capture, lock on to ("maintain") and defeat targets. A computer information system fully records all actions of the crew to a "black box" to allow objective assessment of the consistency of the crew's actions and results.<a href="#cite_note-en-maks2013-19">[19]</a> All vehicles of the Buk-M1 (Buk-M1-2) missile system use an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argon-15A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argon-15A (page does not exist)">Argon-15A</a> computer, as does the <a href="/wiki/Zaslon_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaslon radar">Zaslon radar</a> (the first Soviet-made airborne digital computer, designed in 1972 by the Soviet Research Institute of Computer Engineering (NICEVT, currently <a href="/w/index.php?title=NII_Argon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NII Argon (page does not exist)">NII Argon</a>). It is produced at a <a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a> plant originally named "50 Years of the USSR".<a href="#cite_note-Argon-15A-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-NII_Argon-21">[21]</a> The vehicles of Buk-M2 (Buk-M2E) missile system use a slightly upgraded version of Argon-A15K. This processor is also used in such military systems as <a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">anti-submarine defence</a> Korshun and Sova, airborne radars for <a href="/wiki/MiG-31" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-31">MiG-31</a> and <a href="/wiki/MiG-33" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-33">MiG-33</a>, mobile tactical missile systems <a href="/wiki/Tochka" class="mw-redirect" title="Tochka">Tochka</a>, Oka and Volga. Currently,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] Argons are upgraded with the Baget series of processors by NIIP.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basic_missile_system_specifications">Basic missile system specifications</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Basic missile system specifications">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Target acquisition (by TAR 9S18M1, 9S18M1-1) <ul><li>Range: 140 kilometres (87 miles)</li> <li>Altitude: 60–25,000 metres (200–82,020 ft)</li></ul></li> <li>Firing groups in one battalion: up to 6 (with one command post)</li> <li>Firing groups operating in a sector <ul><li>90° in azimuth, 0–7° and 7–14° in elevation</li> <li>45° in azimuth, 14–52° in elevation</li></ul></li> <li>Radar mast lifting height (for TAR 9S36): 21 metres (69 ft)</li> <li>Reloading of 4 missiles by TEL from itself: around 15 minutes</li> <li>Combat readiness time: no more than 5 minutes</li> <li>Kill probability (by one missile): 90–95%</li> <li>Target engagement zone <ul><li>Aircraft <ul><li>Altitude: 15–25,000 metres (49–82,021 ft)</li> <li>Range: 3–42 kilometres (2–26 miles)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_ballistic_missiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactical ballistic missiles">Tactical ballistic missiles</a> <ul><li>Altitude: 2–16 kilometres (6,600–52,500 feet)</li> <li>Range: 3–20 kilometres (1.9–12.4 miles)</li></ul></li> <li>Sea targets: up to 25 kilometres (16 miles)</li> <li>Land targets: up to 15 kilometres (9.3 miles)</li></ul></li></ul> The system is estimated to have a 70% to 93% probability of destroying a targeted aircraft per missile launched (over 85% of Tomahawks in Syria). In 1992, the system was demonstrated to be capable of intercepting <a href="/wiki/Scud" class="mw-redirect" title="Scud">Scud missiles</a> and large <a href="/wiki/Rocket_artillery" title="Rocket artillery">rocket artillery</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operation">Operation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Operation">edit</a>]</div> The Buk is a mobile, radar-guided surface-to-air missile (SAM) missile system with all four main components – acquisition and targeting radars, a command element, missile launchers, and a logistics element – mounted on tracked vehicles. This allows the system to move with other military forces and relocate to make it a more difficult target to find than a fixed SAM system. <ul><li>The acquisition radar component (several variants have differing capabilities) allows the system to identify, track and target selected targets.</li> <li>The command component is intended to discern "friendly" military aircraft from foes (<a href="/wiki/Identification_friend_or_foe" title="Identification friend or foe">IFF</a>), prioritise multiple targets, and pass radar targeting information to the missile launchers.</li> <li>The missile launcher component can carry a variety of missiles (as listed below) and may be able to engage more than one target simultaneously.</li> <li>The logistics component carries additional (reload) missiles and provides other supplies and parts for the system and the operators.</li></ul> In general, the system identifies potential targets (radar), selects a particular target (command), fires a missile (launcher) at the target, and resupplies the system (logistics). The missiles require a radar lock to initially steer the missile to the target until the missile's onboard radar system takes over to provide final course corrections. A proximity fuse aboard the missile determines when it will detonate, creating an expanding fragmentation pattern of missile components and warhead to intercept and destroy the target. A proximity fuse improves the "probability of kill" given the missile and target closure rates, which can be more than 3,000 km/h (1,900 mph) (or more than 900 m/s (3,000 ft/s)). Alternatively, the command component may be able to remotely detonate the missile, or the onboard contact fuse will cause the warhead to detonate. The most capable radar, assuming it has a line of sight (no terrain between the radar and the target), can track targets (depending on size) as low as 30 m (98 ft) and as far as 140 km (87 mi). The most capable missile can hit targets as far as 50 km (31 mi) and more than 24,000 m (79,000 ft) in altitude. Since the introduction of the Buk in the 1970s, the capabilities of its system components have evolved, which has led to different nomenclature and nicknames for the components' variants. The Buk has also been adapted for use on naval vessels. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Integration_with_higher_level_command_posts">Integration with higher level command posts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Integration with higher level command posts">edit</a>]</div> The basic <a href="/wiki/Command_post" class="mw-redirect" title="Command post">command post</a> of the Buk missile system is 9С510 (9K317 Buk-M2), 9S470M1-2 (9K37M1-2 Buk-M1-2) and 9S470 (Buk-M1) vehicles, organising the Buk system into a battery. It is capable of linking with various higher level command posts (HLCPs). As an option, with the use of HLCP, the Buk missile system may be controlled by an upper level command post system <a href="/wiki/Polyana-D4" title="Polyana-D4">9S52 Polyana-D4</a>, integrating it with S-300V/<a href="/wiki/S-300VM" class="mw-redirect" title="S-300VM">S-300VM</a> into an air defence brigade.<a href="#cite_note-rusarmy-polyana-d4m-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-rusarmy-polyana-d4m1-23">[23]</a> Also, it may be controlled by an upper level command post system 73N6ME "Baikal-1ME" together with 1–4 units of <a href="/wiki/PPRU-1" title="PPRU-1">PPRU-M1</a> (PPRU-M1-2), integrating it with SA-19 "Grison" (<a href="/wiki/9K22_Tunguska" class="mw-redirect" title="9K22 Tunguska">9K22 Tunguska</a>) (6–24 units total) into an air defence brigade, as well as SA-10/20 and SA-5 Gammon and SA-2 Guideline and SA-3 Goa and Air Force.<a href="#cite_note-baykal-1-me-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-almaz-antey.ru-25">[25]</a> With the use of the mobile command center <a href="/wiki/Ranzhir" title="Ranzhir">Ranzhir</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ranzhir-M" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranzhir-M">Ranzhir-M</a> (<a href="/wiki/GRAU" class="mw-redirect" title="GRAU">GRAU</a> designations 9S737, 9S737М) the Buk missile system allows creation of mixed groups of air defense forces, including <a href="/wiki/SA-15_Gauntlet" class="mw-redirect" title="SA-15 Gauntlet">Tor</a>, <a href="/wiki/SA-19" class="mw-redirect" title="SA-19">Tunguska</a>, <a href="/wiki/SA-13_Gopher" class="mw-redirect" title="SA-13 Gopher">Strela-10</a>, and <a href="/wiki/9K38_Igla" title="9K38 Igla">Igla</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rusarmy-9s737m-26">[26]</a> "Senezh" <a href="#cite_note-okb-peleng-Senezh-27">[27]</a> is another optional command post for a free mixing of any systems. In addition to mixing their potential, each of the air defense system with the aid of Senezh<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> can become part of another air defence system (missile's / radar's / targeting information). The system works automatically.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> But for the full realisation of all functions, a Senezh-control system need various other monitoring systems for air defence and air force. Otherwise a Senezh system will work as a command centre, but not within a free association. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naval_versions">Naval versions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Naval versions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/9M317M_surface-to-air-missiles.webm/220px--9M317M_surface-to-air-missiles.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="56" data-mwtitle="9M317M_surface-to-air-missiles.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:9M317M_surface-to-air-missiles.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/9M317M_surface-to-air-missiles.webm/9M317M_surface-to-air-missiles.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/9M317M_surface-to-air-missiles.webm/9M317M_surface-to-air-missiles.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/9M317M_surface-to-air-missiles.webm/9M317M_surface-to-air-missiles.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/9M317M_surface-to-air-missiles.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/9M317M_surface-to-air-missiles.webm/9M317M_surface-to-air-missiles.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/9M317M_surface-to-air-missiles.webm/9M317M_surface-to-air-missiles.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/9M317M_surface-to-air-missiles.webm/9M317M_surface-to-air-missiles.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/9M317M_surface-to-air-missiles.webm/9M317M_surface-to-air-missiles.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>9M317M</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="3S90_"Uragan"_/_M-22,_or_for_export_"Shtil"">3S90 "Uragan" / M-22, or for export "Shtil"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 3S90 "Uragan" / M-22, or for export "Shtil"">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian-navy-missile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Indian-navy-missile.jpg/220px-Indian-navy-missile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Indian-navy-missile.jpg/330px-Indian-navy-missile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Indian-navy-missile.jpg/440px-Indian-navy-missile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="588" /></a><figcaption>3S90E "Shtil" (export version of M-22 Uragan) on <a href="/wiki/INS_Talwar_(F40)" title="INS Talwar (F40)">INS Talwar (F40)</a></figcaption></figure> The 3S90 "Uragan" (Russian: Ураган; <a href="/wiki/Hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane">hurricane</a>) is the naval variant of the 9K37 "Buk" and has the NATO reporting name "Gadfly" and US DoD designation SA-N-7, it also carries the designation M-22. The export version of this system is known as "Shtil" (Russian: Штиль; <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/still" class="extiw" title="wikt:still">still</a>). The 9М38 missiles from the 9K37 "Buk" are also used on the 3S90 "Uragan". The launch system is different with missiles being loaded vertically onto a single arm trainable launcher, this launcher is replenished from an under-deck magazine with a 24-round capacity, loading takes 12 seconds to accomplish.<a href="#cite_note-PVON-11">[11]</a> The Uragan uses the MR-750 Top Steer <a href="/wiki/D_band_(NATO)" title="D band (NATO)">D</a>/<a href="/wiki/E_band_(NATO)" title="E band (NATO)">E band</a> as a target acquisition radar (naval analogue of the 9S18 or 9S18M1) which has a maximum detection range of 300 km (190 mi) depending on the variant. The radar performing the role of the 9S35 the 3R90 Front Dome <a href="/wiki/H_band_(NATO)" title="H band (NATO)">H</a>/<a href="/wiki/I_band_(NATO)" title="I band (NATO)">I band</a> tracking and engagement radar with a maximum range of 30 km (19 mi).The 'E' version = extended has a range of 50 to 70 km. The Uragan underwent trials from 1974 aboard the Project 61 destroyer Provorny, prior to being introduced aboard the Project 956 Sovremenny class, with the first of class commissioned in 1980. The Uragan was officially adopted for service in 1983.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="3S90_"Ezh"">3S90 "Ezh"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 3S90 "Ezh"">edit</a>]</div> The modernised version of the 3S90 is the 9K37M1-2 (or 9K317E) "Ezh", which carries the NATO reporting name "Grizzly" or SA-N-12 and the export designation "Shtil". It uses the new 9M317 missile. In 1997, India signed a contract for the three Project 1135.6 frigates with "Shtil". Later, when the decision was made to modernise it with a new package of hardware & missiles, the name changed to "Shtil-1". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="3S90M,_or_for_export_"Shtil-1"">3S90M, or for export "Shtil-1"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 3S90M, or for export "Shtil-1"">edit</a>]</div> In 2004, the first demonstration module of the new 9M317M (export 9M317ME) missile was presented by <a href="/wiki/DNPP" class="mw-redirect" title="DNPP">Dolgoprudniy Scientific and Production Plant</a> for the upgraded 3S90M / "Shtil-1" naval missile system (jointly with <a href="/wiki/Marine_Scientific_Research_Institute_of_radioelectronics" title="Marine Scientific Research Institute of radioelectronics">'Altair'</a>), designed primary for use on warships. It has 2 styles of launchers, a single-rail launcher and vertical launch system. For single-rail launcher, each launcher consists of 24 missiles and a maximum of 4 launchers can be used together, while for vertical launch system, each launcher consists of 12 missiles and a maximum of 12 launchers can be used together.<a href="#cite_note-roe.ru-33">[33]</a> Old systems Uragan, Ezh and Shtil could be upgraded to Shtil-1 by replacing the launcher module inside the ship. It has a range of 32 km for rail launcher 50 km for VLS launcher. The reaction time is 10–19 seconds for single-rail launcher and 5–10 seconds for vertical launch system, and there are various differences in missile characteristics for both launcher styles.<a href="#cite_note-roe.ru-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-pvo.guns.ru-34">[34]</a> The interval between starts is less 2 seconds. To protect against boats, helicopters, aircraft, anti-ship missiles.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The first Shtil-1 systems were installed into ships exported to India and China, specifically <a href="/wiki/Talwar-class_frigate" title="Talwar-class frigate">Talwar-class frigates</a> and <a href="/wiki/Type_052B_destroyer" title="Type 052B destroyer">Type 052B destroyers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-inb-missiles-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-janes-vlshtil-37">[37]</a> It is also in service of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a>, specifically <a href="/wiki/Admiral_Grigorovich-class_frigate" title="Admiral Grigorovich-class frigate">Admiral Grigorovich-class frigates</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Operational history">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combat_service">Combat service</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Combat service">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C1_%D0%92%D0%92%D0%9E_%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%9E.webm/220px--%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C1_%D0%92%D0%92%D0%9E_%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%9E.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="60" data-mwtitle="Веб_Работа_Бук-М1_ВВО_СВО.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C1_%D0%92%D0%92%D0%9E_%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%9E.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C1_%D0%92%D0%92%D0%9E_%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%9E.webm/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C1_%D0%92%D0%92%D0%9E_%D0%A1%D0%92%D0%9E.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; 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codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Russian Armed Forces use a Buk-M1 to engage air targets near southern <a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a> during the Russian invasion of Ukraine</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Georgia">Georgia</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Georgia">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>During the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%931993)" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)">War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)</a>, Abkhaz separatist forces had the support of Russian forces in their combat against the Georgian government. On 10 January 1993, an Abkhaz <a href="/wiki/Aero_L-39" class="mw-redirect" title="Aero L-39">Aero L-39</a> was shot down by a Russian Buk during a friendly-fire incident.<a href="#cite_note-Aviation_in_Abkhaz_Conflict-38">[38]</a> The pilot, Oleg Chanba, who was commander of the Abkhaz separatist air force, was killed during the incident.<a href="#cite_note-Aviation_in_Abkhaz_Conflict-38">[38]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhaz</a> authorities claimed that Buk air defense system was used to shoot down four Georgian drones at the beginning of May 2008.<a href="#cite_note-geotimes-10615-39">[39]</a></li> <li>Initial reports on Georgian Buk missile system success claimed that the system was responsible for shooting down four Russian aircraft—three <a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-25" title="Sukhoi Su-25">Sukhoi Su-25</a> close air support aircraft and a <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22M" title="Tupolev Tu-22M">Tupolev Tu-22M</a> strategic bomber—in the <a href="/wiki/2008_South_Ossetia_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 South Ossetia war">2008 South Ossetia war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-strategypage-20080814-40">[40]</a> U.S. officials have said Georgian Buk-1M was certainly the cause of the Tu-22M's loss and contributed to the losses of the three Su-25s.<a href="#cite_note-AWST15082008-41">[41]</a> According to some analysts, the loss of four aircraft was surprising and a heavy toll for Russia given the small size of Georgia's military.<a href="#cite_note-russia-georgia-air-war-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-reuters-43">[43]</a> Some have also pointed out that Russian <a href="/wiki/Electronic_countermeasures" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic countermeasures">electronic countermeasures</a> systems were apparently unable to jam and suppress enemy SAMs in the conflict[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and that Russia was, surprisingly, unable to come up with effective countermeasures against missile systems it had designed.<a href="#cite_note-strategypage-20080814-40">[40]</a> Georgia bought these missile systems from Ukraine; there was an inquiry to determine if the purchase was illegal.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Defense_Brief" title="Moscow Defense Brief">Moscow Defense Brief</a> six and not four aircraft (Georgia maintains the higher numbers), were shot down, but Russia claims that the three Su-25s were shot down by friendly fire, while highlighting a serious issue in the coordination of Russian Air Force and its ground forces during that war.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russo-Ukrainian_War"><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Russo-Ukrainian War">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The system was used to shoot down the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_777-200ER" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 777-200ER">Boeing 777-200ER</a> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">Malaysia Airlines Flight 17</a>, on 17 July 2014, in eastern Ukraine, killing 298 people.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-DSB_Final_Report-48">[48]</a>: 142–147  Evidence included missile fragments found on site including pieces of warhead stuck in the wreckage as well as non-explosive parts of the missile with serial number remnants.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Missile fragments were recovered from the bodies of the flight crew.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li> <li>On 7 August 2014, pro-Russian separatist forces shot down a Ukrainian Air Force <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-29" title="Mikoyan MiG-29">Mikoyan MiG-29</a> with a Buk surface-to-air missile near the town of <a href="/wiki/Yenakievo" class="mw-redirect" title="Yenakievo">Yenakievo</a>. The pilot managed to eject.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Middle_East">Middle East</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Middle East">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>On 14 April 2018, American, British, and French forces <a href="/wiki/2018_bombing_of_Damascus_and_Homs" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 bombing of Damascus and Homs">launched a barrage</a> of 105 air-to-surface and cruise missiles targeting eight sites in Syria. The <a href="/wiki/Russian_Ministry_of_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Ministry of Defence">Russian Ministry of Defence</a> said that twenty-nine Buk-M2E missiles launched in response destroyed twenty-four incoming missiles.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights">SOHR</a>, which is cited by many independent media organisations, reported that the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Air_Defense_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Air Defense Force">Syrian Air Defense Force</a> intercepted and shot down at least 65 missiles.<a href="#cite_note-:4-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The American Department of Defense said that no missiles were shot down.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li> <li>On 19 July 2021, four <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> F-16 fighters entered Syria's airspace via the US-controlled al-Tanf zone and fired eight guided missiles at an area southeast of <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a>. Vadim Kulit, deputy chief of the Russian Center for Reconciliation of the Opposing Parties in Syria, said that seven missiles were shot down by the Russian-made <a href="/wiki/Pantsyr-S1" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantsyr-S1">Pantsyr-S</a> and Buk-M2 systems of the Syrian Air Defense Forces.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Buk-M2E reportedly continued interceptions through the beginning of September.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine"><a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Ukraine's Soviet-era Buk and <a href="/wiki/S-300_missile_system" title="S-300 missile system">S-300</a> missile systems have proven effective at medium and long ranges, forcing Russian jets to fly lower and bringing them into the range of <a href="/wiki/MANPADS" class="mw-redirect" title="MANPADS">MANPADS</a> and short-range missile systems.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></li> <li>Ukraine is adapting some of its Buk missile systems/launchers to accept <a href="/wiki/Sea_Sparrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea Sparrow">Sea Sparrow</a> missiles.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Buk missile systems have been a target of <a href="/wiki/ZALA_Lancet" title="ZALA Lancet">ZALA Lancet</a> drones. Previously the Polish company Wojskowe Zakłady Uzbrojenia S.A. offered to integrate the Sea Sparrow missile into Kub launchers for export customers, demonstrating the feasibility of integrating NATO standard missiles with Soviet platforms.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Both the Buk missile 9M38 and Sea Sparrow are <a href="/wiki/Semi-active_radar_guidance" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-active radar guidance">semi-active radar guidance</a> missiles. However, the Sea Sparrow missile is shorter in range than the 9M38 missile. There is a surplus number of these missiles in the US stockpiles. The <a href="/wiki/RIM-162" class="mw-redirect" title="RIM-162">RIM-162</a> variant of the Sea Sparrow missile is still in production. A Ukrainian commander of a Buk battery has told the BBC that while his system is "target number one" for the Russians, the shortage of spare parts is more critical than missiles, even though his vehicle carried only two missiles instead of four.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li> <li>On 27 Feb 2022, a Ukrainian TB2 Bayraktar drone destroyed a TELAR missile and radar transporter and another TEL launcher of a Russian Buk-M1-2 SAM system near Malin, northwest of Kyiv.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li>In 23 February 2024, the General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces announced that two Russian Buk-M3 air defense missile systems were destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li> <li>On 11 May 2024, a Russian drone destroyed a Ukrainian Buk-M1 missile system. The Buk-M1 system appears to have been fitted with US-made <a href="/wiki/RIM-7_Sea_Sparrow" title="RIM-7 Sea Sparrow">RIM-7 Sea Sparrow</a> missiles, instead of the original 9M38 missiles.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li> <li>On 11 June 2024 a <a href="/wiki/AeroVironment_Switchblade" title="AeroVironment Switchblade">Switchblade</a>, believed to be a model -600 or improved model, struck a Russian Buk missile launcher in Sarabash (formerly Komunarivka), Donetsk. The drone had to travel more than 30 kilometres (19 mi).<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Missiles">Missiles</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Missiles">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hproduct" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"> 9М38 </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:9M38M1_9M317.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/9M38M1_9M317.svg/300px-9M38M1_9M317.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/9M38M1_9M317.svg/450px-9M38M1_9M317.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/9M38M1_9M317.svg/600px-9M38M1_9M317.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="200" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Comparison of 9M38M1, 9M317 and 9M317ME surface-to-air missiles of the Buk missile system</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">Surface-to-air missile</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">Soviet Union</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Production history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Variants</th><td class="infobox-data">9М38, 9М38M1, 9M317</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Specifications (9М38, 9M317)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">690 kg, (1500 lb), 715 kg (1589 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">5,550 mm (18' 3")</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">400 mm (15 3/4"); wingspan 860 mm (2' 10")</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Warhead</th><td class="infobox-data">Frag-HE</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Warhead weight</th><td class="infobox-data">70 kg (150 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Detonation mechanism</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a> <a href="/wiki/Proximity_fuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Proximity fuse">proximity fuse</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Solid_propellant" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid propellant">Solid propellant</a> <a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">rocket</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Operational range</div></th><td class="infobox-data">30 kilometres (19 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Flight altitude</th><td class="infobox-data">14,000 metres (46,000 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>Maximum speed </th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mach_number" title="Mach number">Mach</a> 3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Guidance system</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Semi-active_radar_homing" title="Semi-active radar homing">Semi-active radar homing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Launch platform</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#System_composition">§ System composition</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="9М38_and_9М38M1_missile">9М38 and 9М38M1 missile</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 9М38 and 9М38M1 missile">edit</a>]</div> The 9M38 uses a single-stage X-winged design without any detachable parts; its exterior design is similar to the American <a href="/wiki/RIM-24_Tartar" title="RIM-24 Tartar">Tartar</a> and <a href="/wiki/RIM-66_Standard" title="RIM-66 Standard">Standard</a> surface-to-air missile series. The design had to conform to strict naval dimension limitations, allowing the missile to be adapted for the M-22 SAM system in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Navy</a>. Each missile is 5,550 mm (219 in) long, weighs 690 kg (1,520 lb) and carries a relatively large 70 kg (150 lb) warhead which is triggered by a radar <a href="/wiki/Proximity_fuze" title="Proximity fuze">proximity fuze</a>. In the forward compartment of the missile, a semi-active homing radar head (9E50, Russian: 9Э50, 9Э50М1), autopilot equipment, power source and warhead are located. The homing method chosen was <a href="/wiki/Proportional_navigation" title="Proportional navigation">proportional navigation</a>. Some elements of the missile were compatible with the Kub's 3M9; for example, its forward compartment diameter 330 millimetres (13 in), which was less than the rear compartment diameter. 9M38M1 contains about 8000 shrapnel elements in the warhead, of which every fourth is in the shape of a butterfly.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:9M317_surface-to-air_missile_of_Buk-M2E.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/9M317_surface-to-air_missile_of_Buk-M2E.jpg/220px-9M317_surface-to-air_missile_of_Buk-M2E.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/9M317_surface-to-air_missile_of_Buk-M2E.jpg/330px-9M317_surface-to-air_missile_of_Buk-M2E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/9M317_surface-to-air_missile_of_Buk-M2E.jpg/440px-9M317_surface-to-air_missile_of_Buk-M2E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>9M317 surface-to-air missile on the Buk-M2 quadruple launcher.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:036_-_BUK_M1_(38536876252).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/036_-_BUK_M1_%2838536876252%29.jpg/220px-036_-_BUK_M1_%2838536876252%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/036_-_BUK_M1_%2838536876252%29.jpg/330px-036_-_BUK_M1_%2838536876252%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/036_-_BUK_M1_%2838536876252%29.jpg/440px-036_-_BUK_M1_%2838536876252%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption>Early Buk M1 missile in display.</figcaption></figure> The 9M38 surface-to-air missile uses a two-mode <a href="/wiki/Solid-fuel_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid-fuel rocket">solid-fuel rocket</a> engine with total burn time of about 15 seconds; the <a href="/wiki/Combustion_chamber" title="Combustion chamber">combustion chamber</a> is reinforced by metal. For the purpose of reducing the centring dispersion while in flight, the combustion chamber is located close to the centre of the missile and includes a longer gas pipe. The 9M38 is capable of readiness without inspection for at least 10 years of service. The missile is delivered to the army in the 9Ya266 (9Я266) transport container. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="9M317_missile">9M317 missile</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 9M317 missile">edit</a>]</div> The 9M317 missile was developed as a common missile for the Russian Ground Force's Air Defence Forces (PVO) (using Buk-M1-2) as well as for ship-based PVO of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a> (Ezh). Its exterior design bears a resemblance to the <a href="/wiki/Vympel_NPO" title="Vympel NPO">Vympel</a> <a href="/wiki/R-37_(missile)" title="R-37 (missile)">R-37</a> air-to-air missile. The unified multi-functional 9M317 (export designation 9M317E) can be used to engage aerodynamic, ballistic, above-water and <a href="/wiki/Radiolocation" title="Radiolocation">radio</a> <a href="/wiki/Image_resolution" title="Image resolution">contrast</a> targets from both land and sea. Examples of targets include tactical <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile" title="Ballistic missile">ballistic missiles</a>, strategic <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile" title="Cruise missile">cruise missiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-ship_missile" title="Anti-ship missile">anti-ship missiles</a>, tactical, strategic and army aircraft and helicopters. It was designed by OJSC <a href="/wiki/Dolgoprudny_Scientific_Production_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolgoprudny Scientific Production Plant">Dolgoprudny Scientific Production Plant</a> (DNPP). The maximum engageable target speed was Mach 3.49<a href="#cite_note-new-factoria1-69">[69]</a> and it can tolerate an acceleration overload of 24G. It was first used with Buk-M1-2 system of the land forces and the Shtil-1 system of the naval forces. In comparison with 9M38M1, the 9M317 has a larger defeat area, which is up to 45 km of range and 25 km of altitude and of lateral parameter, and a larger target classification. Externally the 9M317 differs from the 9M38M1 by a smaller wing chord. It uses the inertial correction control system with semi-active radar homing, using the <a href="/wiki/Proportional_navigation" title="Proportional navigation">proportional navigation</a> (PN) targeting method. The semi-active missile homing radar head (used in 9E420, Russian: 9Э420) as well as 9E50M1 for the 9M38M1 missile (9E50 for 9M38) and 1SB4 for Kub missile (Russian: 1СБ4) was designed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=MNII_Agat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MNII Agat (page does not exist)">MNII Agat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zhukovskiy_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhukovskiy (city)">Zhukovskiy</a>) and manufactured by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariyskiy_Machine-building_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mariyskiy Machine-building Plant (page does not exist)">MMZ</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ioshkar-Ola" class="mw-redirect" title="Ioshkar-Ola">Ioshkar-Ola</a>. The 9M317 missile uses active homing when approaching the target.<a href="#cite_note-:2-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="9M317M_and_9M317A_missiles">9M317M and 9M317A missiles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 9M317M and 9M317A missiles">edit</a>]</div> Currently, several modernised versions are ordered, including the 9M317M / 9M317ME,<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Active_radar_homing" title="Active radar homing">active radar homing</a> (ARH) missile 9M317A / 9M317MAE. The lead developer, <a href="/wiki/Tikhomirov_Scientific_Research_Institute_of_Instrument_Design" title="Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design">NIIP</a>, reported the testing of the 9M317A missile within Buk-M1-2A "OKR Vskhod" (Sprout in English) in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The range is reported as being up to 50 km (31 mi), maximum altitude around 25 km (82,000 ft) and maximum target speed around <a href="/wiki/Mach_number" title="Mach number">Mach</a> 4. The weight of the missile has increased slightly to 720 kg (1587 lb). The missile's Vskhod development program for the Buk-M1-2A was completed in 2011. This missile could increase the survival capability and firing performance of the Buk-M1-2A using its ability to hit targets over the horizon.<a href="#cite_note-dnpp-fin-stat-2011-73">[73]</a> In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Dolgoprudny_Scientific_Production_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolgoprudny Scientific Production Plant">Dolgoprudny NPP</a> completed preliminary trials of the new autonomous target missile system OKR Pensne (pince-nez in English) developed from earlier missiles.<a href="#cite_note-dnpp-fin-stat-2011-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="9M317M(E)_missile">9M317M(E) missile</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 9M317M(E) missile">edit</a>]</div> The weight of the missile is 581 kg, including the 62 kg <a href="/wiki/Blast_fragmentation" class="mw-redirect" title="Blast fragmentation">blast fragmentation</a> warhead initiated by a dual-mode radar proximity fuze. Dimensions of the hull are 5.18 m length; 0.36 m maximum diameter. Range is 2.5–32 km in a 3S90M / "Shtil-1" naval missile system. Altitude of targets from 15 m up to 15 km (and from 10 m to 10 km against other missiles). 9M317ME missiles can be fired at 2-second intervals, while its reaction (readiness) time is up to 10 s. The missile was designed to be single-staged, <a href="/wiki/Inertial_guidance" class="mw-redirect" title="Inertial guidance">inertial guidance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_control" title="Radio control">radio control</a> <a href="/wiki/Mid-course_update" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-course update">mid-course update</a> and terminal <a href="/wiki/Semi-active_radar_homing" title="Semi-active radar homing">semi-active radar homing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-inb-missiles-36">[36]</a> The tail surfaces have a span of 0.82 m when deployed after the missile leaves the launch container by a spring mechanism. Four gas-control vanes operating in the motor efflux turn the missile towards the required direction of flight. After the turnover manoeuvre, they are no longer used and subsequent flight controlled via moving tail surfaces. A dual-mode solid-propellant rocket motor provides the missile with a maximum speed of Mach 4.5.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Comparison">Comparison</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Comparison">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Missile (GRAU designation) </th> <th>3M9 </th> <th>9М38 </th> <th>9М38 9М38M1 </th> <th>9М38 9М38M1 9M317 </th> <th>9M317 </th> <th>9M317M </th> <th>9M317ME </th></tr> <tr> <th>System (GRAU and NATO designation) </th> <th>2K12 "Kub" (SA-6) </th> <th>9K37 "Buk" (SA-11) </th> <th>9K37M "Buk-M1" (SA-11) </th> <th>9K37M1-2 "Buk-M1-2" (SA-17) </th> <th>9K317E "Buk-M2E"<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> (SA-17) </th> <th>9K37M Buk-M3 (SA-27)/ Shtil-1 SA-N-12 </th> <th>9K37M Buk M3 or Shtil 1 SA-N-12 (export version) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Introduced </th> <td>1967<a href="#cite_note-new-factoria2-76">[76]</a> </td> <td>adopted by 1980<a href="#cite_note-new-factoria3-77">[77]</a> is used from 1978<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> </td> <td>1983[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] is used from 1979<a href="#cite_note-vpk.name-79">[79]</a> </td> <td>1998<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> </td> <td>development is completed 1988,<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> produced from 2007 </td> <td>2016 <a href="#cite_note-en.missilery.info-84">[84]</a> </td> <td>1983 / first seen in 2004<a href="#cite_note-pvo.guns.ru-34">[34]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Missiles per TEL </th> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>12/24/36 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Missiles per TELAR </th> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>6 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Missile weight </th> <td>599 kg (1321 lb) </td> <td>690 kg (1521 lb) </td> <td>690 kg (1521 lb) </td> <td>9М38M1: – 690 kg (1521 lb); 9M317: – 710–720 kg (1565–1587 lb) </td> <td>710–720 kg (1565–1587 lb) </td> <td>581 kg <a href="#cite_note-en.missilery.info-84">[84]</a> </td> <td>581 kg </td></tr> <tr> <th>Range </th> <td>6(8)–22 km (2–15 miles)<a href="#cite_note-new-factoria2-76">[76]</a> </td> <td>3,5–25 (30) km (3–19 miles) </td> <td>3,3–35 km (2–22 miles)<a href="#cite_note-new-factoria4-85">[85]</a> </td> <td>9М38M1: – 3–42 km (2–26 miles); 9M317: 3–50 km (2–31 miles) </td> <td>3–50(M2),<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-86">[86]</a> 45(M2E)<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> km (2–31(29) miles) </td> <td>2.5–70 km (1.6–43.5 mi)<a href="#cite_note-defensemirror.com-88">[88]</a> </td> <td>(M-22=25 km)/3,5-32<a href="#cite_note-almaz-antey1-89">[89]</a> up to 50 km (taking into account the use against large targets (ships))<a href="#cite_note-:1-90">[90]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Range of altitude </th> <td>100–7000 m <a href="#cite_note-new-factoria2-76">[76]</a> </td> <td>25–18000 (20000) m (100-46,000 ft)<a href="#cite_note-new-factoria3-77">[77]</a> </td> <td>15–22000 m (100-72,000 ft)<a href="#cite_note-new-factoria4-85">[85]</a> </td> <td>15–25000 m (100-82,000 ft)<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> </td> <td>15 of M2E<a href="#cite_note-almaz-antey.ru-25">[25]</a> 10 of M2<a href="#cite_note-rbase.new-factoria.ru-92">[92]</a>–25000 m (to-82,000 ft) </td> <td>0.015–35 km (49–114,829 ft)<a href="#cite_note-defensemirror.com-88">[88]</a> </td> <td>(M-22=10)5<a href="#cite_note-new-factoria5-93">[93]</a>–15000 m </td></tr> <tr> <th>Missile speed (<a href="/wiki/Mach_number" title="Mach number">Mach</a>) </th> <td>2.8 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4.6 </td> <td>4.5 (for M-22 average speed of 1000 m/s) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Maximum target speed (<a href="/wiki/Mach_number" title="Mach number">Mach</a>) </th> <td>2 </td> <td>800 m/s<a href="#cite_note-new-factoria3-77">[77]</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>to meet (M2E – aerodynamic up to 1100<a href="#cite_note-new-factoria1-69">[69]</a> m/s, of ballistic 1200 m/s), pursuing 300–400 m/s<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-86">[86]</a> </td> <td>3,000 m/s (11,000 km/h; 6,700 mph; Mach 8.8 <a href="#cite_note-en.missilery.info-84">[84]</a> </td> <td>830 m/s<a href="#cite_note-:1-90">[90]</a>/? </td></tr> <tr> <th>Maximum manoeuvrability (<a href="/wiki/G-force" title="G-force">G</a>) (for missiles). </th> <td>19/? </td> <td>19<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> </td> <td>20 </td> <td>24<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-95">[95]</a> </td> <td>For missiles (24<a href="#cite_note-new-factoria1-69">[69]</a>). For target (10<a href="#cite_note-:2-70">[70]</a>). </td> <td>24 <a href="#cite_note-en.missilery.info-84">[84]</a> </td> <td>up to 19/? </td></tr> <tr> <th>Simultaneous fire </th> <td>1–2 (Kub-M4/Buk-1 ) </td> <td>(2) max 6<a href="#cite_note-vpk.name-79">[79]</a> 18<a href="#cite_note-Vasily_N_page_251-96">[96]</a> </td> <td>(2) 18<a href="#cite_note-Vasily_N_page_251-96">[96]</a> </td> <td>22<a href="#cite_note-Vasily_N_page_251-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-97">[97]</a> 6 old/12 update 1997<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-95">[95]</a> </td> <td>24<a href="#cite_note-almaz-antey.ru-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-niip.ru-98">[98]</a> </td> <td>36 <a href="#cite_note-en.missilery.info-84">[84]</a> </td> <td>2–12<a href="#cite_note-new-factoria5-93">[93]</a> (For Shtil-1 directs to 3 missiles simultaneously at each target)<a href="#cite_note-almaz-antey1-89">[89]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_variants">Other variants</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Other variants">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Original_design_tree">Original design tree</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Original design tree">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>9K37-1 'Buk-1' – First Buk missile system variant accepted into service, incorporating a 9A38 TELAR within a 2K12M3 Kub-M3 battery.</li> <li>9K37 'Buk'- The completed Buk missile system with all new system components, back-compatible with <a href="/wiki/2K12_Kub" title="2K12 Kub">2K12 Kub</a>.</li> <li>9K37M1 'Buk-M1' – An improved variant of the original 9K37 which entered into service with the then Soviet armed forces.</li> <li>9K37M1-2 'Buk-M1-2' ('Gang' for export markets) – An improved variant of the 9K37M1 'Buk-M1' which entered into service with the Russian armed forces.</li> <li>9K317 'Ural' – initial design of Buk-M2 which entered into service with the Russian armed forces</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buk-M2-MAKS-2007-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Buk-M2-MAKS-2007-2.jpg/220px-Buk-M2-MAKS-2007-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Buk-M2-MAKS-2007-2.jpg/330px-Buk-M2-MAKS-2007-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Buk-M2-MAKS-2007-2.jpg/440px-Buk-M2-MAKS-2007-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Backside of the 9A317 TELAR of Buk-M2E (export version) at the 2007 MAKS Airshow</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buk-m2_ky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Buk-m2_ky.jpg/220px-Buk-m2_ky.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Buk-m2_ky.jpg/330px-Buk-m2_ky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Buk-m2_ky.jpg/440px-Buk-m2_ky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2430" data-file-height="1904" /></a><figcaption>Wheeled <a href="/wiki/MZKT-6922" title="MZKT-6922">MZKT-6922</a> TELAR of Buk-M2EK SAM system at <a href="/wiki/Kapustin_Yar" title="Kapustin Yar">Kapustin Yar</a>, 2011</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>9K317E 'Buk-M2E' – revised design for export markets[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>9K37M1-2A 'Buk-M1-2A' – redesign of Buk-M1-2 for the use of 9M317A missile</li> <li>'Buk-M2EK'<a href="#cite_note-Buk-m2ek-99">[99]</a> – A wheeled variant of Buk-M2 on MZKT-6922 chassis exported to Venezuela and Syria.</li> <li>9K317M 'Buk-M3' – A SAM battalion has 36 target channels in total.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naval_version_design_tree">Naval version design tree</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Naval version design tree">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>3S90/M-22 Uragan (SA-N-7 "Gadfly") – Naval version of the 9K37 Buk missile system with 9M38/9M38M1 missile.</li> <li>3S90 Ezh (SA-N-7B/SA-N-12 'Grizzly') – Naval version of the 9K37M1-2 with 9M317 missile.</li> <li>3S90 Shtil (SA-N-7C 'Gollum') – Naval export version of the 9K37M1-2 with 9M317E missile.</li> <li>3S90E.1 "Shtil-1" (SA-N-12 'Grizzly') – Naval export version with 9M317ME missile.</li> <li>3S90M Smerch (SA-N-12 'Grizzly') – naval version with 9M317M missile.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copies">Copies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Copies">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buk-MB3K_missile_launcher_(6).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Buk-MB3K_missile_launcher_%286%29.jpg/220px-Buk-MB3K_missile_launcher_%286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Buk-MB3K_missile_launcher_%286%29.jpg/330px-Buk-MB3K_missile_launcher_%286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Buk-MB3K_missile_launcher_%286%29.jpg/440px-Buk-MB3K_missile_launcher_%286%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5550" data-file-height="3700" /></a><figcaption>Wheeled <a href="/w/index.php?title=MZKT-69225&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MZKT-69225 (page does not exist)">MZKT-69225</a> TELAR of Buk-MB3K SAM system at Milex military exhibition, 2021</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Belarus – In May on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=MILEX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MILEX (page does not exist)">MILEX</a>-2005 exposition in <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, Belarus presented their own digital upgrade package for early models of 9K37 Buk, called Buk-MB.<a href="#cite_note-charter97-2005-10-11-buk-100">[100]</a> On 26 June 2013 an exported version of Buk-MB was displayed on a military parade in <a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a>. It included the new 80K6M Ukrainian-build radar on an MZKT chassis (instead the old 9S18M1) and the new Russian-build missile 9M317 (as in Buk-M2).<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Buk-MB has been sold to Azerbaijan.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HQ-16A_Surface-to-air_missiles_20170919.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/HQ-16A_Surface-to-air_missiles_20170919.jpg/220px-HQ-16A_Surface-to-air_missiles_20170919.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/HQ-16A_Surface-to-air_missiles_20170919.jpg/330px-HQ-16A_Surface-to-air_missiles_20170919.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/HQ-16A_Surface-to-air_missiles_20170919.jpg/440px-HQ-16A_Surface-to-air_missiles_20170919.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>HQ-16A</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> Iran – <a href="/wiki/Raad_Air_Defense_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Raad Air Defense System">Ra'ad</a> (Thunder) Medium Ranged Surface-to-Air Missile System using Ta'er 2 missiles. It has very similar layout to wheeled Buk-M2EK 9M317. It was shown during 2012 military parade.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> Ukraine – Soviet copies of M1 variants, designed by Artem Luch Arsenal (Kyiv) KBs and built in KhAZ (Kharkiv) and Yuzhmash (Dnipro) plants, planned <a href="/wiki/Dnipro_(surface-to-air_missile)" title="Dnipro (surface-to-air missile)">Dnipro SAM system</a> (between Buk and S-300P type).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HQ-16">HQ-16</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: HQ-16">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/HQ-16" title="HQ-16">HQ-16</a></div> The HQ-16 is a medium range <a href="/wiki/Semi-active_radar_homing" title="Semi-active radar homing">semi-active radar homing</a> <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missile</a> developed by the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a>. Development of the HQ-16 began in 2005 as a joint development with <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> company <a href="/wiki/Almaz-Antey" class="mw-redirect" title="Almaz-Antey">Almaz-Antey</a>, based on the older Buk-M1 and Buk-M2 surface-to-air missile systems.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="System_composition">System composition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: System composition">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Composition[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Complex (GRAU and NATO designation) </th> <th>9K37 "Buk" (SA-11) </th> <th>9K37-1 "Buk-1" (SA-11) </th> <th>9K37M1 "Buk-M1" (SA-11) </th> <th>9K37M1-2 "Buk-M1-2" (SA-17) </th> <th>9K317E "Buk-M2E" </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Command_post" class="mw-redirect" title="Command post">Command post</a> </th> <td>9S470 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>9S470M1 </td> <td>9S470M1-2 </td> <td>9S510 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Surveillance radar (SURN, SOTs, or <a href="/wiki/Target_acquisition_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Target acquisition radar">TAR</a>) </th> <td>9S18 Kupol </td> <td>1S91M3 </td> <td>9S18M1 Kupol-M1 </td> <td>9S18М1-1 </td> <td>9S112, 9S36 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Transporter_erector_launcher" title="Transporter erector launcher">TELAR</a> </th> <td>9А310, 9А38 </td> <td>9A38 </td> <td>9A310M1 </td> <td>9A310M1-2 </td> <td>9A317 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Transporter_erector_launcher" title="Transporter erector launcher">TEL</a> </th> <td>9А39 </td> <td>2P25M3 </td> <td>9A39M1 </td> <td>9A39M1, 9A39M1-2 </td> <td>9A316 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="9K37_Buk">9K37 Buk</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: 9K37 Buk">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BUK_file2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/BUK_file2.jpg/220px-BUK_file2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/BUK_file2.jpg/330px-BUK_file2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/BUK_file2.jpg/440px-BUK_file2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1740" data-file-height="1090" /></a><figcaption>TEL 9A316</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BUK_file1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/BUK_file1.jpg/220px-BUK_file1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/BUK_file1.jpg/330px-BUK_file1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/BUK_file1.jpg/440px-BUK_file1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2590" data-file-height="1660" /></a><figcaption>TELAR 9A317</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Upper level CP (PBU of the zrbr – zenith-rocket brigade) from the structure of <a href="/wiki/Automatic_control_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatic control system">ASU</a> <a href="/wiki/Polyana-D4" title="Polyana-D4">Polyana-D4</a> <ul><li>4 × zrdn (zenith-rocket division) <ul><li>CP 9S470</li> <li>SOTs 9S18 Kupol range up to 120 km (45 km at a height 30 meters).<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></li></ul></li> <li>3 × zrbat (zenith-rocket battery) <ul><li>2 × TELAR 9А310</li> <li>1 × TEL 9А39</li></ul></li> <li>Technical service division</li> <li>Сommunication service platoon</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2K12M4_Kub-M4_(9K37-1_Buk-1)">2K12M4 Kub-M4 (9K37-1 Buk-1)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: 2K12M4 Kub-M4 (9K37-1 Buk-1)">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>1 × SURN 1S91M3 (from the structure of 2K12M3 <a href="/wiki/2K12_Kub" title="2K12 Kub">Kub-M3</a>)</li> <li>4 × TEL 2P25M3 (from the structure of 2K12M3 Kub-M3)</li> <li>1 × TELAR 9A38 (from the structure of 9K37 Buk)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="9K37M1_Buk-M1_(Ganges)">9K37M1 Buk-M1 (Ganges)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: 9K37M1 Buk-M1 (Ganges)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Technical_service_division">Technical service division</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Technical service division">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>9V95M1E – mobile automatized control and test station vehicle based on a <a href="/wiki/ZIL-131" title="ZIL-131">ZIL-131</a> with a trailer</li> <li>9V883, 9V884, 9V894 – repair and technical service vehicles based on Ural-43203-1012</li> <li>9V881E – technical service workshop based on Ural-43203-1012</li> <li>9T229 – transporter vehicle for 8 missiles or 6 containers with missiles based on a <a href="/wiki/KrAZ-255" title="KrAZ-255">KrAZ-255Б</a></li> <li>9T31M – auto crane</li> <li>MTO-ATG-M1 – technical service workshop based on ZIL-131</li></ul> Preparing to fight (inversely) – 5 min. Translation in battle mode, not for the first time in battle (after moving to another place) – no more than 20 seconds.<a href="#cite_note-rusarmy.com-105">[105]</a> During the exercise, "Defense 92" (1992) SAM family of "Buk" conducted successful firing at targets on the basis of ballistic missile <a href="/wiki/R-17_Elbrus" title="R-17 Elbrus">R-17 Elbrus</a>, and on the basis of MLRS rockets "Smerch" (caliber 0.3 meters).<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="9K37M1-2_Buk-M1-2_(Ural)">9K37M1-2 Buk-M1-2 (Ural)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: 9K37M1-2 Buk-M1-2 (Ural)">edit</a>]</div> A command post vehicle 9S470M1-2 may take control over 4 batteries, each has 1 TELAR 9A310M1-2 with 1 × TEL 9A39M1/9A39M1-2 or 2 batteries, each has 1 target acquisition radar 9S18М1-1 and 2 × TELs 9A39M1 Additionally, the TELAR 9A310M1-2 may take control over the <a href="/wiki/2K12_Kub" title="2K12 Kub">Kub</a> vehicles – just the TEL 2P25 or the self-propelled unit of reconnaissance and guidance 1S91 with a TEL 2P25. In this configuration complex can simultaneously fire two goals instead of one.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-95">[95]</a> Probability of hitting of one rocket is:<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-97">[97]</a> <ul><li>Statically flying aircraft, 0.7–0.9;</li> <li>Manoeuvring aircraft with overdrive to 7–8 G, 0.5–0.7;</li> <li>Tactical ballistic missiles, 0.5–0.7;</li> <li>Anti-radar missiles, 0.6–0.8;</li> <li>Cruise missiles, 0.6–0.8.</li></ul> The composition:<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-95">[95]</a> <ul><li>command post 9S470M1-2</li> <li>6 self-propelled fire units 9A310M1-2 can perform all combat functions,<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-95">[95]</a> including identification of the state of the owner of the object detected.<a href="#cite_note-rusarmy.com-105">[105]</a></li> <li>3 launchers (can fire, transporting and loading of other launchers) installation 9A39M1,</li> <li>target detection station 9S18M1,</li> <li>machine of maintenance 9V881M1-2 with caravan ZIP 9T456,</li> <li>workshop of maintenance SPA-M1,</li> <li>machine of repair and maintenance.</li></ul> The maximum range of fire against ballistic missiles is 20 km, and the maximum target speed is 1200 m/s.<a href="#cite_note-:0-107">[107]</a> Its capacity of protecting against ballistic missiles are comparable with that of the Patriot <a href="/wiki/MIM-104_Patriot" title="MIM-104 Patriot">PAC-2</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> However, the engagement ceiling is lower.<a href="#cite_note-rusarmy.com-105">[105]</a> Preparing to fight (inversely) – 5 min.<a href="#cite_note-:0-107">[107]</a> Translation in battle mode, not for the first time in battle (after moving to another place) – no more than 20 seconds.<a href="#cite_note-rusarmy.com-105">[105]</a> The range for engaging targets on land is 15 km, 25 km on the water.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> The capture distance of targets with RCS = 5 m2 – 40 km.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-95">[95]</a> It automatically provides a high resistance to interference and work in several different combat modes, detection range of the locator of early detection 160 km.<a href="#cite_note-rusarmy.com-105">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Technical_service_division_2">Technical service division</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Technical service division">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Technical service vehicle MTO 9V881M1-2 with a trailer ZIP 9T456</li> <li>Technical service workshop MTO AGZ-M1</li> <li>Technical service and maintenance vehicles MRTO: MRTO-1 9V883M1, MRTO-2 9V884M1, MRTO-3 9V894M1</li> <li>Transport vehicle (TM) 9T243 with a technological equipment set KTO 9T3184</li> <li>Automated control and test mobile station AKIPS 9V95M1</li> <li>Workshop vehicle for the missile maintenance 9T458</li> <li>Unified compressor station UKS-400V</li> <li>Mobile power plant PES-100-T/400-AKP1</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="9K317_Buk-M2">9K317 Buk-M2</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: 9K317 Buk-M2">edit</a>]</div> There was an experimental 9А320 TEL (with 8 missiles). Some works were performed to use a wheeled vehicles for Buk-M2-1 on a <a href="/wiki/KrAZ-260" title="KrAZ-260">KrAZ-260</a> chassis, but they were not completed.<a href="#cite_note-ru-emba-110">[110]</a> Developed in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Accepted for service in 2008. The structure of the Buk-M2<a href="#cite_note-almaz-antey.ru-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-rbase.new-factoria.ru-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <ul><li>Fighting means <ul><li>Anti-aircraft missiles: 9М317</li> <li>Self-propelled firing installation: 9А317 and 9А318 (towed), has everything for self-War, reaction time – 5 sec, range to 20 km (reflecting surface, 1–2 m2; height 3 km), 18–20 km (rs 1–2 m2, height 10–15 m), range of work in the system −5 to + 85 degrees for missile guidance (to search for up to 70 if alone)<a href="#cite_note-new-factoria1-69">[69]</a></li> <li>Installation of charging 9А317 and 9А318 or shooting teams 9С510: 9А316 and 9А320;<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></li></ul></li> <li>Management tools</li> <li>Command post 9С510, reaction time 2 seconds. <ul><li>Radar of targets detection (all directions – 360°) 9С18М1–3, range to 160 km (1–2 m2)</li></ul></li> <li>Radar of illumination and guidance of missiles or radar of targets detection of range ±60° 9С36. <ul><li>9S36-1 (if derrick is raised as much as possible) range to 120 km (reflecting surface 1–2 m2, height 3 km), 30–35 km (rs 1–2 m2, height 10–15 m) <a href="#cite_note-rbase.new-factoria.ru-92">[92]</a></li></ul></li></ul> Translation in battle mode for the first time in battle-not more than 5 minutes, but 10–15 minutes when using derrick in which the radar of 9S36-1. Translation in battle mode, not for the first time in battle (after moving to another place) – no more than 20 seconds.<a href="#cite_note-rbase.new-factoria.ru-92">[92]</a> The probability of hitting targets one missile is: (data from the developer and several other sources) <ul><li>Aircraft of tactical aviation, 0.9–0.95</li> <li>Tactical ballistic missiles, 0.6–0.7 maximum speed of ballistic targets 1200 m/s.</li> <li>Cruise missiles, 0.7–0.8</li> <li>Hovering helicopters, 0.3–0.4<a href="#cite_note-niip.ru-98">[98]</a></li> <li>Helicopter, 0.7–0.8<a href="#cite_note-rbase.new-factoria.ru-92">[92]</a></li> <li>Anti-radiation missile, 0.5–0.7.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-86">[86]</a></li></ul> The minimum rs to 0.05 square meters. Day-and-night passive optical system for target detection, thermal imager with minimal radiation (9А317 and 9А318).<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The system operates in a mountainous area without glare.<a href="#cite_note-new-factoria1-69">[69]</a> The normal range of a ballistic missile to intercept with the use of Buk is up to 200 km.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Buk-M3">Buk-M3</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Buk-M3">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9A_%C2%AB%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C3%C2%BB_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9A_%C2%AB%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C3%C2%BB_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9A_%C2%AB%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C3%C2%BB_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9A_%C2%AB%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C3%C2%BB_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="561" /></a><figcaption>9A316M launcher of the Buk-M3 surface-to-air missile system</figcaption></figure> The 9K317M 'Buk-M3' (9K37M3) is the latest production version, based on new hardware.<a href="#cite_note-nevskii-bastion.ru-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-arms-expo1-117">[117]</a> It has 36 target channels and features advanced electronic components. Specifications include a maximum target speed of 3,000 m/s (11,000 km/h; 6,700 mph; Mach 8.8), an altitude range of 0.015–35 km (49–114,829 ft) and a distance range of 2.5–70 km (1.6–43.5 mi). Extensive trials began in 2015,<a href="#cite_note-ria.ru-118">[118]</a> with the first deliveries planned for 2016.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> (2 in 2016).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The probability of hitting a target with one missile is: aircraft – 0.95; <a href="/wiki/Tactical_ballistic_missile" title="Tactical ballistic missile">tactical ballistic missile</a> – 0.7; cruise missile – 0.8. It offers increased efficiency against electronic countermeasures and manoeuvring targets.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> They are more compact, increasing the TELAR's carrying capacity to six missiles.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The missile's new <a href="/wiki/Fragmentation_(weaponry)" title="Fragmentation (weaponry)">HE-fragmentation</a> warhead can more easily penetrate armor.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> The complex is highly mobile and designed against air, ground and sea targets (e.g. destroyers).<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> The missile reaches a speed of 1,550 m/s (5,600 km/h; 3,500 mph; Mach 4.6), and manoeuvres by air rudders and reactive rudders.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> The interval between shots is one second in any direction. Targeting is by commands or active homing, or in combination. Thermal radar works on any target at any time in any weather. Russian sources claim the system can destroy the <a href="/wiki/MGM-140_ATACMS" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM-140 ATACMS">MGM-140 ATACMS</a>, though this has never been actually attempted.<a href="#cite_note-tvzvezda.ru-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Radar, guidance and target detection operates at a range of ±60° 9S36. A target at an altitude of 7–10 m can be detected at a distance of up to 35 km,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] targets like the <a href="/wiki/AGM-158" class="mw-redirect" title="AGM-158">AGM-158</a>A "JASSM" at an altitude of 20 m, and RCS over 0.1 m2 at a distance of 17–18 km.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> The radar sees targets at an altitude of 5 meters and in practical shooting, the system demonstrated its ability to destroy anti-ship missiles flying at that altitude.<a href="#cite_note-tvzvezda.ru-124">[124]</a> In June 2016 Almaz-Antey announced successful trials of the anti-aircraft complex. Firing at <a href="/wiki/Kapustin_Yar" title="Kapustin Yar">Kapustin Yar</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a> region was carried out at a ballistic target, which was made by the missile-target. The first brigade set of the "Buk-M3" was delivered in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> It is in active service.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> A missile uses active guidance, the system has radio and thermal guidance (any weather, day / night), the missile uses guidance 1) on commands, 2) only active homing, 3) mixed. The missile uses a directional explosion, Minimum target height 5 meters.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> In April 2018, <a href="/wiki/Rosoboronexport" title="Rosoboronexport">Rosoboronexport</a> announced that it would be promoting the Buk-M3 "Viking" version for export.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> The system can be integrated with the launchers of the <a href="/wiki/Antey_2500" class="mw-redirect" title="Antey 2500">Antey 2500</a> complex, increasing its range from 65 to 130 km.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> The "Viking" is reported to be able to operate both autonomously and in cooperation with other air defence systems, using their radar data for targeting, and have a gap of 20 seconds between stopping and launching missiles.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> The probability of intercept is reported to be close to 100%.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The complex is also reported to be effective against tactical ballistic missiles.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Operators">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buk_operators.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Buk_operators.png/300px-Buk_operators.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Buk_operators.png/450px-Buk_operators.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Buk_operators.png/600px-Buk_operators.png 2x" data-file-width="2753" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Map with Buk operators<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Current</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Former</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buk-M1-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Buk-M1-2.jpg/220px-Buk-M1-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Buk-M1-2.jpg/330px-Buk-M1-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Buk-M1-2.jpg/440px-Buk-M1-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Buk-M1-2 of Armenian Army</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Military_parade_in_Baku_2013_40.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Military_parade_in_Baku_2013_40.JPG/220px-Military_parade_in_Baku_2013_40.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Military_parade_in_Baku_2013_40.JPG/330px-Military_parade_in_Baku_2013_40.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Military_parade_in_Baku_2013_40.JPG/440px-Military_parade_in_Baku_2013_40.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3723" data-file-height="2028" /></a><figcaption>9K37 Buk in Azerbaijan service</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_operators">Current operators</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Current operators">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> 48 systems Buk-M2.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><a href="#cite_note-az1-137">[137]</a> 4 dvizion Buk-MB</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a><a href="#cite_note-Janes-138">[138]</a> – 12 complexes as of 2016.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:9K37_Buk_of_the_Ukrainian_military,_Independence_Day_parade_in_Kiev.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/9K37_Buk_of_the_Ukrainian_military%2C_Independence_Day_parade_in_Kiev.JPG/220px-9K37_Buk_of_the_Ukrainian_military%2C_Independence_Day_parade_in_Kiev.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/9K37_Buk_of_the_Ukrainian_military%2C_Independence_Day_parade_in_Kiev.JPG/330px-9K37_Buk_of_the_Ukrainian_military%2C_Independence_Day_parade_in_Kiev.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/9K37_Buk_of_the_Ukrainian_military%2C_Independence_Day_parade_in_Kiev.JPG/440px-9K37_Buk_of_the_Ukrainian_military%2C_Independence_Day_parade_in_Kiev.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="730" /></a><figcaption>Ukrainian 9K37 Buk SAMS during the <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Independence_Day_Parade" title="Kyiv Independence Day Parade">Kyiv Independence Day Parade</a> (2008)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> <a href="#cite_note-cyp-139">[139]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> – more than 40 Buk-M1-2 and Buk-M2E, as of 2023 9K37M1-2 Buk-M1-2 air defense system and 100 9M317 delivered in 2007 from Russia , another 9K317 Buk-M2 air defense system was delivered (or upgraded from the previously supplied Buk-M1-2 air defense system) from Russia in 2014 and Cairo has requested Buk-M3 missiles from Moscow.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> – 1 Buk-M2E ordered in 2018 and delivered in 2021<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> – Improved variant as the <a href="/wiki/HQ-16" title="HQ-16">HQ-16</a>, a navalized VLS system. Joint People's Republic of China/Russian project to upgrade the naval 9K37M1-2 system 'Shtil' (SA-N-12).</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> – more than 440 9К37 and 9К317 as of 2016 (350 in land forces and 80 in air force).<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Replacement of the 9К37 complex with the newer 9К317 Buk M2 is planned to be completed by 70% or more by 2020.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> 1 battalion of Buk-M3 was delivered in 2016.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] 66 Buk-M-1-2s, 36 M2s and 36 M3s were delivered in 2012–2017.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> As of December 2017, 3 missile brigades are fully equipped with Buk-M3.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] 7 Buk-M3 brigade sets on order as of early 2020.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Russian_Ground_Forces" title="List of equipment of the Russian Ground Forces">List of equipment of the Russian Ground Forces</a>) Deliveries reportedly continue as of late 2023.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a><a href="#cite_note-Janes2-158">[158]</a> 8 complexes 9К317E Buk-M2E delivered from <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</a> in 2011 (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute – Arms Transfers Database) for Land Forces + 10/8<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> Buk-M2E for Air Defence.<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> + 20 Buk-M1-2s.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> – 72 9K37M1 as of 2016.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Modernisation of stored systems to Buk M1-2 standard planned.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> 12 Buk-M2E in service.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_operators">Former operators</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Former operators">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> – In 1996 Finland started operating the missile systems that they received from Russia as debt payment.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> Due to concerns about susceptibility to electronic warfare, Finland has replaced the missile system with <a href="/wiki/NASAMS_2" class="mw-redirect" title="NASAMS 2">NASAMS 2</a>.<a href="#cite_note-suomenkuvalehti-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-defenseindustrydaily-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-YLE-169">[169]</a> Finland still does use this, mainly in storage. Still ready for wartime use and are all in "operational condition".<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> - Passed on to successor states.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Potential_operators">Potential operators</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Potential operators">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>: Russia offered the Buk-M2E to the <a href="/wiki/Argentine_Air_Force" title="Argentine Air Force">Argentine Air Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Failed_bids">Failed bids</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Failed bids">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">People's Republic of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_People%27s_Republic" title="Hungarian People's Republic">Hungarian People's Republic</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Polish People's Republic</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania_%281965%E2%80%931989%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Socialist Republic of Romania</a></li></ul> Before 1990, 9K37M1E "Ganga" launchers were supposed to enter the armies of the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a>, but did not enter their armaments because they ceased to exist.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HISAR_(surface_to_air_missile_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="HISAR (surface to air missile system)">HISAR</a> – (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">Turkey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordad_15_(air_defense_system)" title="Khordad 15 (air defense system)">Khordad 15</a> – (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319">Iran)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface-to-air_missiles" title="List of surface-to-air missiles">List of surface-to-air missiles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved 4 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=9K37%2F9K37M1%2F9K317+Buk+M1%2FM2+%2F+SA-11%2F17+Gadfly%2FGrizzly+%2F+C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81+9%D0%9A37%2F9%D0%9A317+%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA+%D0%9C%2F%D0%9C1%2F%D0%9C2&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2009-07-12&rft.aulast=Carlo&rft.aufirst=Kopp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ausairpower.net%2FAPA-9K37-Buk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-jstrategic-14"><a href="#cite_ref-jstrategic_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Strategic-Weapon-Systems/Smerch-Shtil-12-SA-N12-Grizzly-Russian-Federation.html">"Smerch/Shtil-1/-2 (SA-N-12 'Grizzly') (Russian Federation), Defensive weapons"</a>. Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems. 11 February 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120503102511/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Strategic-Weapon-Systems/Smerch-Shtil-12-SA-N12-Grizzly-Russian-Federation.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jane%27s+Strategic+Weapon+Systems&rft.atitle=Smerch%2FShtil-1%2F-2+%28SA-N-12+%27Grizzly%27%29+%28Russian+Federation%29%2C+Defensive+weapons&rft.date=2010-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.janes.com%2Farticles%2FJanes-Strategic-Weapon-Systems%2FSmerch-Shtil-12-SA-N12-Grizzly-Russian-Federation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jstrategic2-15"><a href="#cite_ref-jstrategic2_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Strategic-Weapon-Systems/Smerch-Shtil-12-SA-N7B-C-or-SA-N12-Grizzly-Russian-Federation.html">"Smerch/Shtil-1/-2 (SA-N-7B/C or SA-N-12 'Grizzly') (Russian Federation), Defensive weapons"</a>. Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems. 11 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120503102545/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Strategic-Weapon-Systems/Smerch-Shtil-12-SA-N7B-C-or-SA-N12-Grizzly-Russian-Federation.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jane%27s+Strategic+Weapon+Systems&rft.atitle=Smerch%2FShtil-1%2F-2+%28SA-N-7B%2FC+or+SA-N-12+%27Grizzly%27%29+%28Russian+Federation%29%2C+Defensive+weapons&rft.date=2011-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.janes.com%2Farticles%2FJanes-Strategic-Weapon-Systems%2FSmerch-Shtil-12-SA-N7B-C-or-SA-N12-Grizzly-Russian-Federation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIIP2-16"><a href="#cite_ref-NIIP2_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080927074414/http://www.niip.ru/main.php?page=raz_land_ural"><bdi lang="ru">Зенитный ракетный комплекс "Бук-М2Э"</bdi></a>. OJSC <a href="/wiki/Tikhomirov_Scientific_Research_Institute_of_Instrument_Design" title="Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design">NIIP</a> (Russian). 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niip.ru/main.php?page=raz_land_ural">the original</a> on 27 September 2008. Retrieved 23 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OJSC+NIIP+%28Russian%29&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81+%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C2%D0%AD%22&rft.date=2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.niip.ru%2Fmain.php%3Fpage%3Draz_land_ural&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005013148/http://www.military-informant.com/index.php/army/3427-1.html">"New variant of TELAR for Buk-M3 missile system was presented in Moscow"</a> (in Russian). military-informant.com. 21 August 2013. 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JSC <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" class="extiw" title="ru:Мытищинский машиностроительный завод">MMZ</a> (in Russian). 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mmzavod.ru/?page_id=24">the original</a> on 10 September 2016. 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Retrieved 14 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mobile+simulator+SAM+Buk-M2E+shown+at+MAKS-2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsurvincity.com%2F2012%2F07%2Fmobile-simulator-sam-buk-m2e-shown-at-maks-2013%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Argon-15A-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Argon-15A_20-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aircraftinformation.info/art_mig31.htm">The MiG-31 Foxhound: One of the World's Greatest Interceptors</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160903060533/http://www.aircraftinformation.info/art_mig31.htm">Archived</a> 3 September 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Aircraft InFormation.info </li> <li id="cite_note-NII_Argon-21"><a href="#cite_ref-NII_Argon_21-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" 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Pvo.guns.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150717135558/http://pvo.guns.ru/asu/senezh.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2015. 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Retrieved 7 February 2015. <q>Some of the bodies of the passengers of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17, which crashed in Donetsk on July 17, contain metal fragments that indicate the plane was shot down by a surface-to-air missile, Ukraine's SBU security service said on Friday</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukraine+Today&rft.atitle=Bodies+of+MH17+victims+%27contain+missile+fragments%27%2C+SBU+says&rft.date=2014-12-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuatoday.tv%2Fcrime%2Fbodies-of-mh17-victims-contain-missile-fragments-sbu-says-398439.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://korrespondent.net/ukraine/politics/3402982-vozle-enakyevo-sbyly-ystrebytel-myh-29-seleznev">"Возле Енакиево сбили истребитель МиГ-29 – Селезнев"</a>. 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Retrieved 14 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvpk.name%2Flibrary%2Ff%2Fbuk-m1.html%23prettyPhoto%5Bvpk%5D%2F1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.army-technology.com/projects/buk-m2e-air-defence-missile-system">"Buk-M2E Air Defence Missile System – Army Technology"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006122646/http://www.army-technology.com/projects/buk-m2e-air-defence-missile-system">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buk-M2E+Air+Defence+Missile+System+%E2%80%93+Army+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.army-technology.com%2Fprojects%2Fbuk-m2e-air-defence-missile-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arms-expo.ru/news/defense/v_indonezii_ustroili_prezentatsiyu_russkogo_grizzli_sistemy_buk_m2e/"><bdi lang="ru">В Индонезии устроили презентацию российского комплекса "Бук-М2Э" – ОРУЖИЕ РОССИИ Информационное агентство</bdi></a>. Arms-expo.ru. 22 May 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150624101401/http://www.arms-expo.ru/news/defense/v_indonezii_ustroili_prezentatsiyu_russkogo_grizzli_sistemy_buk_m2e">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92+%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8E+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0+%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C2%D0%AD%22+%E2%80%93+%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%A3%D0%96%D0%98%D0%95+%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%98%D0%98+%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.pub=Arms-expo.ru&rft.date=2015-05-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arms-expo.ru%2Fnews%2Fdefense%2Fv_indonezii_ustroili_prezentatsiyu_russkogo_grizzli_sistemy_buk_m2e%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.9maya.ru/2012/02/15/buk_m2.html">"-2, – "-2""</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006082843/http://www.9maya.ru/2012/02/15/buk_m2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=-2%2C+%E2%80%93+%22-2%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.9maya.ru%2F2012%2F02%2F15%2Fbuk_m2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://getwar.ru/zrk-buk-m2eh.html"><bdi lang="ru">ЗРК "Бук-М2Э"</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006073738/http://getwar.ru/zrk-buk-m2eh.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9A+%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C2%D0%AD%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgetwar.ru%2Fzrk-buk-m2eh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-en.missilery.info-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-en.missilery.info_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-en.missilery.info_84-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-en.missilery.info_84-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-en.missilery.info_84-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-en.missilery.info_84-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.missilery.info/missile/bukm3">"9K317M "Buk-M3" medium-range anti-aircraft missile system | Missilery.info"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=9K317M+%22Buk-M3%22+medium-range+anti-aircraft+missile+system+%26%23124%3B+Missilery.info&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.missilery.info%2Fmissile%2Fbukm3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-new-factoria4-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-new-factoria4_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-new-factoria4_85-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/bukm1/bukm1.shtml"><bdi lang="ru">Зенитный ракетный комплекс 9К37 Бук-М1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006140344/http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/bukm1/bukm1.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81+9%D0%9A37+%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frbase.new-factoria.ru%2Fmissile%2Fwobb%2Fbukm1%2Fbukm1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_86-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_86-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/buk-2m/buk-2m.shtml"><bdi lang="ru">Зенитный ракетный комплекс средней дальности 9К317 "Бук-М2"</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511222706/http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/buk-2m/buk-2m.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81+%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+9%D0%9A317+%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C2%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frbase.new-factoria.ru%2Fmissile%2Fwobb%2Fbuk-2m%2Fbuk-2m.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110926124750/http://www.almaz-antey.ru/catalogue/millitary_catalogue"><bdi lang="ru">Основная продукция военного назначения</bdi></a> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.almaz-antey.ru/catalogue/millitary_catalogue/">the original</a> on 26 September 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.almaz-antey.ru%2Fcatalogue%2Fmillitary_catalogue%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-defensemirror.com-88">^ <a href="#cite_ref-defensemirror.com_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-defensemirror.com_88-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defensemirror.com/news/16438/Almaz_Antey_Tests_Buk_M3_Air_Defense_Missile_System">"Almaz-Antey Tests Buk-M3 Air Defense Missile System"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Almaz-Antey+Tests+Buk-M3+Air+Defense+Missile+System&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensemirror.com%2Fnews%2F16438%2FAlmaz_Antey_Tests_Buk_M3_Air_Defense_Missile_System&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-almaz-antey1-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-almaz-antey1_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-almaz-antey1_89-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20141220201301/http://www.almaz-antey.ru/catalogue/millitary_catalogue/52/274/279/292"><bdi lang="ru">"Штиль-1" – Алмаз-Антей</bdi></a>. Almaz-antey.ru. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.almaz-antey.ru/catalogue/millitary_catalogue/52/274/279/292">the original</a> on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C-1%22+%E2%80%93+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7-%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft.pub=Almaz-antey.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.almaz-antey.ru%2Fcatalogue%2Fmillitary_catalogue%2F52%2F274%2F279%2F292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_90-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arms-expo.ru/news/archive/shtil---rossiyskiy-zenitno-raketnyy-kompleks-modul-nye-komplekty-kotorogo-postupyat-na-vooruzhenie-vmf-rossii-v-2014-godu23-09-2013-14-37-00/?sphrase_id=5346551"><bdi lang="ru">«Штиль» – российский зенитно-ракетный комплекс, модульные комплекты которого поступят на вооружение ВМФ России в 2014 году</bdi></a> (in Russian). 23 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923185008/http://www.arms-expo.ru/news/archive/shtil---rossiyskiy-zenitno-raketnyy-kompleks-modul-nye-komplekty-kotorogo-postupyat-na-vooruzhenie-vmf-rossii-v-2014-godu23-09-2013-14-37-00/?sphrase_id=5346551">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C2%AB%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%C2%BB+%E2%80%93+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%2C+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%8F%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%92%D0%9C%D0%A4+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+2014+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83&rft.date=2013-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arms-expo.ru%2Fnews%2Farchive%2Fshtil---rossiyskiy-zenitno-raketnyy-kompleks-modul-nye-komplekty-kotorogo-postupyat-na-vooruzhenie-vmf-rossii-v-2014-godu23-09-2013-14-37-00%2F%3Fsphrase_id%3D5346551&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20141003153146/http://www.almaz-antey.ru/en/catalogue/millitary_catalogue/1218/1221/1224/1228">"Buk-M1-2 – Almaz Antey Corp"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.almaz-antey.ru/en/catalogue/millitary_catalogue/1218/1221/1224/1228">the original</a> on 3 October 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Buk-M1-2+%E2%80%93+Almaz+Antey+Corp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.almaz-antey.ru%2Fen%2Fcatalogue%2Fmillitary_catalogue%2F1218%2F1221%2F1224%2F1228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rbase.new-factoria.ru-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rbase.new-factoria.ru_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rbase.new-factoria.ru_92-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rbase.new-factoria.ru_92-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rbase.new-factoria.ru_92-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rbase.new-factoria.ru_92-4">e</a> (in Russian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/buk-2m/buk-2m.shtml">ZRK SD 9K317 "Buk-M2"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120511222706/http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/buk-2m/buk-2m.shtml">Archived</a> 11 May 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Missile Technology Information System of <a href="/wiki/Baltic_State_Technical_University" title="Baltic State Technical University">BGTU Voenmeh</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-new-factoria5-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-new-factoria5_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-new-factoria5_93-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/schtil-1/schtil-1.shtml"><bdi lang="ru">Корабельный зенитный ракетный комплекс "Штиль-1" | Ракетная техника</bdi></a>. Rbase.new-factoria.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518084935/http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/schtil-1/schtil-1.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81+%22%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C-1%22+%26%23124%3B+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.pub=Rbase.new-factoria.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frbase.new-factoria.ru%2Fmissile%2Fwobb%2Fschtil-1%2Fschtil-1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk_02.htm"><bdi lang="ru">ЗРК "Бук"-Зенитная ракета 9М38</bdi></a>. Pvo.guns.ru. 20 July 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141224162556/http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk_02.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9A+%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%22-%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0+9%D0%9C38&rft.pub=Pvo.guns.ru&rft.date=2000-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpvo.guns.ru%2Fbuk%2Fbuk_02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_95-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_95-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_95-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_95-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_95-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/bukm1_2/bukm1_2.shtml"><bdi lang="ru">Зенитный ракетный комплекс Бук-М1–2 (Урал)</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614080457/http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/missile/wobb/bukm1_2/bukm1_2.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81+%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C1%E2%80%932+%28%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frbase.new-factoria.ru%2Fmissile%2Fwobb%2Fbukm1_2%2Fbukm1_2.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vasily_N_page_251-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vasily_N_page_251_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vasily_N_page_251_96-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vasily_N_page_251_96-2">c</a> Vasily N. Ya, Gurinovitch AL, anti-aircraft missile systems, page 251 </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceC-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_97-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFСизова_Ирина_Юрьевна" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">Сизова Ирина Юрьевна. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niip.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=16:-l-1-2r&catid=9:2011-07-06-06-33-50&Itemid=9"><bdi lang="ru">Зенитный ракетный комплекс "Бук-М1–2"</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104195942/http://www.niip.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=16:-l-1-2r&catid=9:2011-07-06-06-33-50&Itemid=9">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 14 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81+%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C1%E2%80%932%22&rft.au=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%AE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.niip.ru%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D16%3A-l-1-2r%26catid%3D9%3A2011-07-06-06-33-50%26Itemid%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-niip.ru-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-niip.ru_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-niip.ru_98-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niip.ru/eng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17:-q-2q-9317&catid=9:2011-07-06-06-33-50&Itemid=9">Multichannel middle-range ADMC «Buk-М2E»</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131231001312/http://www.niip.ru/eng/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=17%3A-q-2q-9317&catid=9%3A2011-07-06-06-33-50&Itemid=9">Archived</a> 31 December 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tikhomirov_Scientific_Research_Institute_of_Instrument_Design" title="Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design">NIIP</a> website </li> <li id="cite_note-Buk-m2ek-99"><a href="#cite_ref-Buk-m2ek_99-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvzvezda.ru/news/forces/content/rossiya_otmechaet_den_voennogo_2905.html">Russia celebrates the Day of military drivers</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110403022424/http://www.tvzvezda.ru/news/forces/content/rossiya_otmechaet_den_voennogo_2905.html">Archived</a> 3 April 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 29 May 2010 (in Russian) </li> <li id="cite_note-charter97-2005-10-11-buk-100"><a href="#cite_ref-charter97-2005-10-11-buk_100-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2005/10/11/buk">Army prepares to test upgraded BUK missile system</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080925094346/http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2005/10/11/buk">Archived</a> 25 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charter%2797" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter'97">Charter'97</a>, 11 October 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> (in Russian)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belvpo.com/ru/27636.html">Buk-MB on a military parade in Baku</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130719095133/http://www.belvpo.com/ru/27636.html">Archived</a> 19 July 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Voenno-politicheskoe obozrenie, 26 June 2013 </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2012/Sep-25/189087-iran-tests-new-anti-air-missile-defense-guard.ashx#axzz27SgGt3po">"Iran tests new anti-air missile defense: Guard"</a>. The Daily Star Newspaper – Lebanon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141127030200/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2012/Sep-25/189087-iran-tests-new-anti-air-missile-defense-guard.ashx#axzz27SgGt3po">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star+Newspaper+%E2%80%93+Lebanon&rft.atitle=Iran+tests+new+anti-air+missile+defense%3A+Guard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2012%2FSep-25%2F189087-iran-tests-new-anti-air-missile-defense-guard.ashx%23axzz27SgGt3po&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFARG" class="citation web cs1">ARG. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.military-today.com/missiles/hq16.htm">"HQ-16 Medium-Range Air Defense Missile System"</a>. Military-today.com. Retrieved 2 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Military-today.com&rft.atitle=HQ-16+Medium-Range+Air+Defense+Missile+System&rft.au=ARG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.military-today.com%2Fmissiles%2Fhq16.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk_12.htm"><bdi lang="ru">ЗРК "Бук"-Станция обнаружения и целеуказания</bdi></a>. Pvo.guns.ru. 20 July 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150712230046/http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk_12.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9A+%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%22-%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=Pvo.guns.ru&rft.date=2000-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpvo.guns.ru%2Fbuk%2Fbuk_12.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rusarmy.com-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rusarmy.com_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rusarmy.com_105-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rusarmy.com_105-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rusarmy.com_105-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rusarmy.com_105-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rusarmy.com/pvo/pvo_vsk/zrk_buk.html">"RusArmy.com -"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102519/http://www.rusarmy.com/pvo/pvo_vsk/zrk_buk.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RusArmy.com+-&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusarmy.com%2Fpvo%2Fpvo_vsk%2Fzrk_buk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk_2.htm"><bdi lang="ru">ЗРК "Бук-М1"</bdi></a>. Pvo.guns.ru. 21 July 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018102720/http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk_2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9A+%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C1%22&rft.pub=Pvo.guns.ru&rft.date=2000-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpvo.guns.ru%2Fbuk%2Fbuk_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_107-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006154541/http://www.almaz-antey.ru/catalogue/millitary_catalogue/52/273/276/286"><bdi lang="ru">Бук-М1-2 – Алмаз-Антей</bdi></a>. www.almaz-antey.ru (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.almaz-antey.ru/catalogue/millitary_catalogue/52/273/276/286">the original</a> on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.almaz-antey.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C1-2+%E2%80%93+%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7-%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.almaz-antey.ru%2Fcatalogue%2Fmillitary_catalogue%2F52%2F273%2F276%2F286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/sites/default/files/missile/c300v/s-300vm-envel.jpg">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131030043441/http://rbase.new-factoria.ru/sites/default/files/missile/c300v/s-300vm-envel.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frbase.new-factoria.ru%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fmissile%2Fc300v%2Fs-300vm-envel.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk_3.htm"><bdi lang="ru">ЗРК "Бук-М1–2"/ (экспорт. "Урал")</bdi></a>. pvo.guns.ru (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713020851/http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk_3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pvo.guns.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9A+%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C1%E2%80%932%22%2F+%28%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82.+%22%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%22%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpvo.guns.ru%2Fbuk%2Fbuk_3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ru-emba-110"><a href="#cite_ref-ru-emba_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080405222114/http://emba.ucoz.ru/publ/2-1-0-14">"History of the testings on Emba firing range"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://emba.ucoz.ru/publ/2-1-0-14">the original</a> on 5 April 2008. Retrieved 2 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+testings+on+Emba+firing+range&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Femba.ucoz.ru%2Fpubl%2F2-1-0-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/1981868"><bdi lang="ru">Дальность "Бук-М3" достигла 70 км, по ряду параметров он превзошел С-300</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161002101941/http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/1981868">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C3%22+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0+70+%D0%BA%D0%BC%2C+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%83+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB+%D0%A1-300&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftass.ru%2Farmiya-i-opk%2F1981868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvzvezda.ru/news/forces/content/201111241831-aehz.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Зенитно-ракетный комплекс "Бук-М2" принят на вооружение в башкирской бригаде ПВО</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129033618/http://tvzvezda.ru/news/forces/content/201111241831-aehz.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81+%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C2%22+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B2+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5+%D0%9F%D0%92%D0%9E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvzvezda.ru%2Fnews%2Fforces%2Fcontent%2F201111241831-aehz.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://army-news.ru/2011/01/zenitnyj-kompleks-buk-m2e/"><bdi lang="ru">Зенитный ракетный комплекс "Бук-М2Э" | Армейский вестник</bdi></a>. army-news.ru (in Russian). 6 January 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150530060805/http://army-news.ru/2011/01/zenitnyj-kompleks-buk-m2e/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=army-news.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81+%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C2%D0%AD%22+%7C+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft.date=2011-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farmy-news.ru%2F2011%2F01%2Fzenitnyj-kompleks-buk-m2e%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oborona.ru/includes/periodics/defense/2011/0722/12336841/detail.shtml">""Бук" и "Тунгуска": опции совершенства"</a>. www.oborona.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924054441/http://www.oborona.ru/includes/periodics/defense/2011/0722/12336841/detail.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oborona.ru&rft.atitle=%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA%22+%D0%B8+%22%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%22%3A+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oborona.ru%2Fincludes%2Fperiodics%2Fdefense%2F2011%2F0722%2F12336841%2Fdetail.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/1815947"><bdi lang="ru">Источник: комплекс ПВО "Бук-М3" примут на вооружение до конца года</bdi></a> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150717110918/http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/1815947">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%3A+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81+%D0%9F%D0%92%D0%9E+%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C3%22+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftass.ru%2Farmiya-i-opk%2F1815947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nevskii-bastion.ru-116"><a href="#cite_ref-nevskii-bastion.ru_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nevskii-bastion.ru/buk-m3/">"ANTIAIRCRAFT MISSILE SYSTEM 9К317М "BUK-M3""</a>. Nevskii-bastion.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092208/http://nevskii-bastion.ru/buk-m3/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ANTIAIRCRAFT+MISSILE+SYSTEM+9%D0%9A317%D0%9C+%22BUK-M3%22&rft.pub=Nevskii-bastion.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnevskii-bastion.ru%2Fbuk-m3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-arms-expo1-117"><a href="#cite_ref-arms-expo1_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFМОСКВА,_ОРУЖИЕ_РОССИИ_www.arms-expo.ru_122015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">МОСКВА, ОРУЖИЕ РОССИИ www.arms-expo.ru 12 (22 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arms-expo.ru/news/novye_razrabotki/do_kontsa_2015_goda_kompleks_pvo_buk_m3_budet_primyat_na_vooruzhenie/"><bdi lang="ru">До конца 2015 года комплекс ПВО "Бук-М3" будет принят на вооружение – ОРУЖИЕ РОССИИ Информационное агентство</bdi></a>. Arms-expo.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518085356/http://www.arms-expo.ru/news/novye_razrabotki/do_kontsa_2015_goda_kompleks_pvo_buk_m3_budet_primyat_na_vooruzhenie/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%94%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0+2015+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81+%D0%9F%D0%92%D0%9E+%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C3%22+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%E2%80%93+%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%A3%D0%96%D0%98%D0%95+%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%98%D0%98+%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.pub=Arms-expo.ru&rft.date=2015-05-22&rft.au=%D0%9C%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%92%D0%90%2C+%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%A3%D0%96%D0%98%D0%95+%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%98%D0%98+www.arms-expo.ru+12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arms-expo.ru%2Fnews%2Fnovye_razrabotki%2Fdo_kontsa_2015_goda_kompleks_pvo_buk_m3_budet_primyat_na_vooruzhenie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-ria.ru-118"><a href="#cite_ref-ria.ru_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ria.ru/interview/20140303/997574544.html#ixzz2uyA74Fi7"><bdi lang="ru">НИИП им. Тихомирова: госиспытания Т-50 начнутся в марте-апреле | РИА Новости</bdi></a>. Ria.ru. 3 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150519030634/http://ria.ru/interview/20140303/997574544.html#ixzz2uyA74Fi7">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%98%D0%9F+%D0%B8%D0%BC.+%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%3A+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A2-50+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5-%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5+%26%23124%3B+%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%90+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.pub=Ria.ru&rft.date=2014-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fria.ru%2Finterview%2F20140303%2F997574544.html%23ixzz2uyA74Fi7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vz.ru/news/2013/12/28/666431.html"><bdi lang="ru">ВЗГЛЯД / Минобороны: Поступление ЗРК "Бук-М3" в войска ожидается в 2016 году</bdi></a>. Vz.ru. 28 December 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141221013224/http://www.vz.ru/news/2013/12/28/666431.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%97%D0%93%D0%9B%D0%AF%D0%94+%2F+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B%3A+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9A+%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C3%22+%D0%B2+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%B2+2016+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83&rft.pub=Vz.ru&rft.date=2013-12-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvz.ru%2Fnews%2F2013%2F12%2F28%2F666431.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFИмя_*" class="citation web cs1">Имя *. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rus-guns.com/buk-m3-samoxodnyj-zrk.html">"Бук-М3 самоходный ЗРК | огнестрельное оружие России"</a>. Rus-guns.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518071507/http://rus-guns.com/buk-m3-samoxodnyj-zrk.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2015. 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Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C3%22+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2+ATACMS%3A+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%82+%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81&rft.date=2016-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvzvezda.ru%2Fnews%2Fforces%2Fcontent%2F201601060753-g1ze.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oborona.ru/includes/periodics/priority/2016/0629/174618663/detail.shtml"><bdi lang="ru">Национальная оборона / Приоритеты / Новейший ЗРК "Бук-М3" успешно поразил баллистическую цель</bdi></a>. www.oborona.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206005758/http://www.oborona.ru/includes/periodics/priority/2016/0629/174618663/detail.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.oborona.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0+%2F+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B+%2F+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9A+%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C3%22+%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oborona.ru%2Fincludes%2Fperiodics%2Fpriority%2F2016%2F0629%2F174618663%2Fdetail.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://army-news.ru/2015/06/buk-m3-vyvedet-armejskuyu-pvo-na-novyj-uroven/"><bdi lang="ru">"Бук-М3" выведет армейскую ПВО на новый уровень – Армейский вестник</bdi></a>. army-news.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171217114432/http://army-news.ru/2015/06/buk-m3-vyvedet-armejskuyu-pvo-na-novyj-uroven">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=army-news.ru&rft.atitle=%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C3%22+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E+%D0%9F%D0%92%D0%9E+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C+%E2%80%93+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farmy-news.ru%2F2015%2F06%2Fbuk-m3-vyvedet-armejskuyu-pvo-na-novyj-uroven%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tvzvezda.ru-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tvzvezda.ru_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tvzvezda.ru_124-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFtvzvezda.ru2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">tvzvezda.ru, Редакция (6 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvzvezda.ru/news/forces/content/201601060753-g1ze.htm"><bdi lang="ru">"Бук-М3" против ATACMS: почему российские ракеты превосходят американский комплекс</bdi></a>. tvzvezda.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161009042539/http://tvzvezda.ru/news/forces/content/201601060753-g1ze.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tvzvezda.ru&rft.atitle=%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C3%22+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2+ATACMS%3A+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%82+%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81&rft.date=2016-01-06&rft.aulast=tvzvezda.ru&rft.aufirst=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvzvezda.ru%2Fnews%2Fforces%2Fcontent%2F201601060753-g1ze.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://army-news.ru/images_stati/0_22c010_c21536d3_XL.jpg">"Archived copy"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160411195103/http://army-news.ru/images_stati/0_22c010_c21536d3_XL.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farmy-news.ru%2Fimages_stati%2F0_22c010_c21536d3_XL.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFДаманцев" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">Даманцев, Евгений. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://army-news.ru/2015/06/buk-m3-vyvedet-armejskuyu-pvo-na-novyj-uroven/"><bdi lang="ru">"Бук-М3" выведет армейскую ПВО на новый уровень – Армейский вестник</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161130134722/http://army-news.ru/2015/06/buk-m3-vyvedet-armejskuyu-pvo-na-novyj-uroven/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C3%22+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E+%D0%9F%D0%92%D0%9E+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C+%E2%80%93+%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft.aulast=%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farmy-news.ru%2F2015%2F06%2Fbuk-m3-vyvedet-armejskuyu-pvo-na-novyj-uroven%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160812042109/https://latestnewsresource.com/en/news/breaking-news-rogozin-rasskazal-o-rossijskih-zenitnyh-raketah-novogo-pokolenija">"Rogozin told the Russian anti-aircraft missiles of the new generation"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=LNRMedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LNRMedia (page does not exist)">LNRMedia</a>. 6 August 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://latestnewsresource.com/en/news/breaking-news-rogozin-rasskazal-o-rossijskih-zenitnyh-raketah-novogo-pokolenija">the original</a> on 12 August 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LNRMedia&rft.atitle=Rogozin+told+the+Russian+anti-aircraft+missiles+of+the+new+generation.&rft.date=2016-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flatestnewsresource.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fbreaking-news-rogozin-rasskazal-o-rossijskih-zenitnyh-raketah-novogo-pokolenija&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rg.ru/2016/10/24/pervyj-divizion-zrk-buk-m3-prishel-v-vojska.html"><bdi lang="ru">Первый дивизион ЗРК "Бук-М3" пришел в войска</bdi></a>. 24 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171205150536/https://rg.ru/2016/10/24/pervyj-divizion-zrk-buk-m3-prishel-v-vojska.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9A+%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C3%22+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB+%D0%B2+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.date=2016-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frg.ru%2F2016%2F10%2F24%2Fpervyj-divizion-zrk-buk-m3-prishel-v-vojska.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFtvzvezda.ru2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">tvzvezda.ru, Редакция (6 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tvzvezda.ru/news/forces/content/201601060753-g1ze.htm"><bdi lang="ru">"Бук-М3" против ATACMS: почему российские ракеты превосходят американский комплекс</bdi></a>. tvzvezda.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170821003804/https://tvzvezda.ru/news/forces/content/201601060753-g1ze.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tvzvezda.ru&rft.atitle=%22%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA-%D0%9C3%22+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2+ATACMS%3A+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%82+%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81&rft.date=2016-01-06&rft.aulast=tvzvezda.ru&rft.aufirst=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftvzvezda.ru%2Fnews%2Fforces%2Fcontent%2F201601060753-g1ze.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZudin2018" class="citation news cs1">Zudin, Alexander (9 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180411030034/http://www.janes.com/article/79121/russia-offers-buk-m3-for-export?from_rss=1">"Russia offers Buk-M3 for export"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jane%27s_Information_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Jane's Information Group">Jane's Information Group</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.janes.com/article/79121/russia-offers-buk-m3-for-export?from_rss=1">the original</a> on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2018. <q>Russian state arms export corporation Rosoboronexport says it has begun promoting the latest M3 variant of the Buk medium-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system for export.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia+offers+Buk-M3+for+export&rft.date=2018-04-09&rft.aulast=Zudin&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.janes.com%2Farticle%2F79121%2Frussia-offers-buk-m3-for-export%3Ffrom_rss%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arms-expo.ru/news/vzaimodeystvie/rosoboroneksport_vpervye_predlozhil_zarubezhnym_zakazchikam_noveyshiy_zrk_viking/">""Рособоронэкспорт" впервые предложил зарубежным заказчикам новейший ЗРК "Викинг""</a>. 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Retrieved 14 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B5+%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%3F&rft.date=2013-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvpk.name%2Fnews%2F95907_chem_budet_voevat_siriya_v_sluchae_agressii_stran_zapadnoi_koalicii.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> The International Institute For Strategic Studies IISS The Military Balance 2012. — Nuffield Press, 2012. — С. 349 с </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.uos.ua/produktsiya/tehnika-pvo/75-zenitniy-raketniy-kompleks-buk">"The "BUK" Ground Force Air Defense System"</a>. State Company "<a href="/wiki/Ukrspetsexport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrspetsexport">Ukroboronservice</a>". Ukraine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140720110244/http://en.uos.ua/produktsiya/tehnika-pvo/75-zenitniy-raketniy-kompleks-buk">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+Company+%22Ukroboronservice%22&rft.atitle=The+%22BUK%22+Ground+Force+Air+Defense+System&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.uos.ua%2Fproduktsiya%2Ftehnika-pvo%2F75-zenitniy-raketniy-kompleks-buk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> Source: Military Balance 2016, page 206 </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHristoforov2018" class="citation web cs1">Hristoforov, Vladislav (3 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uprom.info/en/news/vpk/ukrayina-modernizuye-zenitni-ustanovki-zrk-buk-m1/">"Україна модернізує зенітні установки ЗРК "Бук М1""</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180304173012/http://uprom.info/en/news/vpk/ukrayina-modernizuye-zenitni-ustanovki-zrk-buk-m1/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%94+%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96+%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%97%D0%A0%D0%9A+%26quot%3B%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BA+%D0%9C1%26quot%3B&rft.date=2018-03-03&rft.aulast=Hristoforov&rft.aufirst=Vladislav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuprom.info%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fvpk%2Fukrayina-modernizuye-zenitni-ustanovki-zrk-buk-m1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://es.rbth.com/technologias/82610-venezuela-misiles-rusos-buk-ejercicios-militares-video">Russia Beyond</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://es.rbth.com/technologias/82610-venezuela-misiles-rusos-buk-ejercicios-militares-video">"Así probó Venezuela sus misiles antiaéreos rusos Buk-M2E en unos ejercicios militares (Vídeo)"</a>. 12 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=As%C3%AD+prob%C3%B3+Venezuela+sus+misiles+antia%C3%A9reos+rusos+Buk-M2E+en+unos+ejercicios+militares+%28V%C3%ADdeo%29&rft.date=2019-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fes.rbth.com%2Ftechnologias%2F82610-venezuela-misiles-rusos-buk-ejercicios-militares-video&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tietokannat.mil.fi/lohtaja209/gallery.php?language=fi_FI&page_id=8">Video of Buk firing</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces" title="Finnish Defence Forces">Finnish Defence Forces</a> website [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-suomenkuvalehti-167"><a href="#cite_ref-suomenkuvalehti_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://suomenkuvalehti.fi/jutut/kotimaa/paakaupunkiseudun-ilmasuojassa-paljastui-aukko/">"Pääkaupunkiseudun ilmasuojassa paljastui aukko"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Suomen_Kuvalehti" title="Suomen Kuvalehti">Suomen Kuvalehti</a> (in Finnish). Pekka Ervasti. 3 June 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131231002110/http://suomenkuvalehti.fi/jutut/kotimaa/paakaupunkiseudun-ilmasuojassa-paljastui-aukko/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Suomen+Kuvalehti&rft.atitle=P%C3%A4%C3%A4kaupunkiseudun+ilmasuojassa+paljastui+aukko&rft.date=2008-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsuomenkuvalehti.fi%2Fjutut%2Fkotimaa%2Fpaakaupunkiseudun-ilmasuojassa-paljastui-aukko%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-defenseindustrydaily-168"><a href="#cite_ref-defenseindustrydaily_168-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/finland-updating-its-air-defense-systems-05398/">"Finland Updating Its Air Defense Systems"</a>. Defense Industry Daily. 10 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131225050811/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Finland-Updating-Its-Air-Defense-Systems-05398/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defense+Industry+Daily&rft.atitle=Finland+Updating+Its+Air+Defense+Systems&rft.date=2013-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseindustrydaily.com%2Ffinland-updating-its-air-defense-systems-05398%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-YLE-169"><a href="#cite_ref-YLE_169-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yle.fi/uutiset/buk_m1_-ilmatorjuntajarjestelma_loytyy_edelleen_myos_suomesta__video/7372188">"BUK M1 -ilmatorjuntajärjestelmä löytyy edelleen myös Suomesta – video"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YLE" class="mw-redirect" title="YLE">YLE</a> (in Finnish). 23 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140728170405/http://yle.fi/uutiset/buk_m1_-ilmatorjuntajarjestelma_loytyy_edelleen_myos_suomesta__video/7372188">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YLE&rft.atitle=BUK+M1+-ilmatorjuntaj%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4+l%C3%B6ytyy+edelleen+my%C3%B6s+Suomesta+%E2%80%93+video&rft.date=2014-07-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyle.fi%2Fuutiset%2Fbuk_m1_-ilmatorjuntajarjestelma_loytyy_edelleen_myos_suomesta__video%2F7372188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://areena.yle.fi/1-2339304">"Uutisvideot | Uutisvideot: BUK M1 –ilmatorjuntajärjstelmä löytyy edelleen myös Suomesta"</a>. 23 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uutisvideot+%26%23124%3B+Uutisvideot%3A+BUK+M1+%E2%80%93ilmatorjuntaj%C3%A4rjstelm%C3%A4+l%C3%B6ytyy+edelleen+my%C3%B6s+Suomesta&rft.date=2014-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fareena.yle.fi%2F1-2339304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zona-militar.com/2021/02/04/como-son-los-sistemas-de-defensa-aerea-que-ofrece-rusia/">"¿Como son los sistemas de defensa aérea que ofrece Rusia?"</a>. 4 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C2%BFComo+son+los+sistemas+de+defensa+a%C3%A9rea+que+ofrece+Rusia%3F&rft.date=2021-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zona-militar.com%2F2021%2F02%2F04%2Fcomo-son-los-sistemas-de-defensa-aerea-que-ofrece-rusia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samolotypolskie.pl/samoloty/2453/126/9K37-Buk">"samolotypolskie.pl – 9K37 "Buk""</a>. www.samolotypolskie.pl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171026185747/http://www.samolotypolskie.pl/samoloty/2453/126/9K37-Buk">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.samolotypolskie.pl&rft.atitle=samolotypolskie.pl+%E2%80%93+9K37+%22Buk%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samolotypolskie.pl%2Fsamoloty%2F2453%2F126%2F9K37-Buk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/briefly/2014/07/20/what-is-a-buk-missile-at-a-glance/">What is a buk missile?</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131226070954/http://www.niip.ru/eng/">V. Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design Website (Russian manufacturer of Buk)</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080404085725/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/sa-11.htm">"SA-11 GADFLY (9K37M1 BUK-M1)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_American_Scientists" title="Federation of American Scientists">Federation of American Scientists</a>. 20 June 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/sa-11.htm">the original</a> on 4 April 2008. Retrieved 22 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federation+of+American+Scientists&rft.atitle=SA-11+GADFLY+%289K37M1+BUK-M1%29&rft.date=2000-06-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.org%2Fman%2Fdod-101%2Fsys%2Fmissile%2Frow%2Fsa-11.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080611172804/http://milparade.udm.ru/29/066.htm">Buk-M1-2 air defense missile system has no equals in terms of combat employment</a>, Yevgeny Pigin, Gennady Kaufman, <a href="/wiki/Military_Parade" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Parade">Military Parade</a>, 1998.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://warfare.be/db/catid/264/linkid/1690/title/SA-11-Gadfly-/-9K37M1-Buk/">"SA-11 Gadfly / 9K37M1 Buk"</a>. warfare.be. 2004–2013. Retrieved 30 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=warfare.be&rft.atitle=SA-11+Gadfly+%2F+9K37M1+Buk&rft.date=2004%2F2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwarfare.be%2Fdb%2Fcatid%2F264%2Flinkid%2F1690%2Ftitle%2FSA-11-Gadfly-%2F-9K37M1-Buk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABuk+missile+system" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enemyforces.com/missiles/buk.htm">Buk SA-11 Gadfly. Prospects for Buk-M1-2 air defense missile system</a> at enemyforces.com</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_sources">Russian sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Russian sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>(in Russian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ump.mv.ru/index.htm">Ulyanovsk Mechanical Plant</a></li> <li>(in Russian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk.htm">9K37-1 Buk-1 (SA-11 Gadfly)</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk_01.htm">TELAR 9A38</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk_1.htm">9K37 Buk (SA-11 Gadfly)</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk_11.htm">CP 9S470</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk_12.htm">SURN 9S18 Kupol (NATO classification – Tube Arm)</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk_13.htm">TELAR 9A310</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk_14.htm">TEL 9A39</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk_2.htm">Buk-M1 (export name – Gang)</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk_3.htm">Buk-M1-2 (export name – Ural)</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk_4.htm">Comparison table of technical specifications of Buk, Buk-M1, Buk-M1-2</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk_5.htm">Closing article for Buk</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvo.guns.ru/foto/foto_buk_finn.htm">Photos of Buk-M1 in Finnish Army</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvo.guns.ru/naval/m22.htm">M-22 Uragan (SA-N-7 Gadfly)</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvo.guns.ru/buk/buk_02.htm">9M38</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvo.guns.ru/naval/m22_9m317.htm">9M317</a> at Vestnik PVO website</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video">Video</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Video">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtBf9gsd0Fs">BUK and other air missile system in teamwork</a>, 9 min.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Buk_missile_system&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_and_Soviet_military_designation_sequences" title="Template:Russian and Soviet military designation sequences"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_and_Soviet_military_designation_sequences" title="Template talk:Russian and Soviet military designation sequences"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_and_Soviet_military_designation_sequences" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian and Soviet military designation sequences"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Russian_and_former_Soviet_military_designation_sequences_for_radar,_missile_and_rocket_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Russian and former Soviet military designation sequences for radar, missile and rocket systems</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radar systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A-100_radar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A-100 radar (page does not exist)">A-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-3_radar" title="P-3 radar">P-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-8_radar" title="P-8 radar">P-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-10_radar" title="P-10 radar">P-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-12_radar" title="P-12 radar">P-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-14_radar" title="P-14 radar">P-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-15_radar" title="P-15 radar">P-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-18_radar" title="P-18 radar">P-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-19_radar" title="P-19 radar">P-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-20_radar" title="P-20 radar">P-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-30_radar" title="P-30 radar">P-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-35_radar" title="P-35 radar">P-35</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P-37_radar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P-37 radar (page does not exist)">P-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-40_radar" title="P-40 radar">P-40</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P-50_radar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P-50 radar (page does not exist)">P-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-70_radar" title="P-70 radar">P-70</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P-80_Zubr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P-80 Zubr (page does not exist)">P-80</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P-100_Oniks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P-100 Oniks (page does not exist)">P-100</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kabina_66&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kabina 66 (page does not exist)">Kabina 66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasta_2E" title="Kasta 2E">Kasta 2E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5N65_radar" title="5N65 radar">RSN-225 Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNR-75" title="SNR-75">SNR-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1S91" class="mw-redirect" title="1S91">1S91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30N6" class="mw-redirect" title="30N6">30N6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-300_(missile)#Radar" class="mw-redirect" title="S-300 (missile)">36D6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/64N6" class="mw-redirect" title="64N6">64N6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/76N6" class="mw-redirect" title="76N6">76N6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96L6E" class="mw-redirect" title="96L6E">96L6E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9S15" class="mw-redirect" title="9S15">9S15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9S19" class="mw-redirect" title="9S19">9S19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9S32" class="mw-redirect" title="9S32">9S32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duga_radar" title="Duga radar">Duga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnestr_radar" title="Dnestr radar">Dnestr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnepr_radar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dnepr radar">Dnepr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daryal_radar" title="Daryal radar">Daryal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunay_radar" title="Dunay radar">Dunay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hantsavichy_Radar_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Hantsavichy Radar Station">Volga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don-2N_radar" title="Don-2N radar">Don-2N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh_radar" title="Voronezh radar">Voronezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_radar" title="Container radar">Container</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ship-borne</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airborne</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mech_radar" title="Mech radar">N001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ametist_radar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ametist radar (page does not exist)">N002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smerch_(radar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Smerch (radar)">N005</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ametist_radar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ametist radar (page does not exist)">N006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaslon" title="Zaslon">N007</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ametist_radar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ametist radar (page does not exist)">N008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuk_(radar)" title="Zhuk (radar)">N010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bars_radar" title="Bars radar">N011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N012&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N012 (page does not exist)">N012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N014 (page does not exist)">N014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubin_(radar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubin (radar)">N019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N025&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N025 (page does not exist)">N025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irbis-E" title="Irbis-E">N035</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byelka_(radar)" title="Byelka (radar)">N036</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missiles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ICBM</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BZhRK_Barguzin" title="BZhRK Barguzin">BZhRK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Rocket_1" title="Global Rocket 1">GR-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-7_Semyorka" title="R-7 Semyorka">R-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-9_Desna" title="R-9 Desna">R-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-16_(missile)" title="R-16 (missile)">R-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-26_(missile)" title="R-26 (missile)">R-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-46_(missile)" title="R-46 (missile)">R-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-24_Yars" title="RS-24 Yars">RS-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-26_Rubezh" title="RS-26 Rubezh">RS-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-2" title="RT-2">RT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-2PM" class="mw-redirect" title="RT-2PM">RT-2PM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-2UTTKh_Topol_M" class="mw-redirect" title="RT-2UTTKh Topol M">RT-2PM2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-20_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="RT-20 (missile)">RT-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-21_Temp_2S" title="RT-21 Temp 2S">RT-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-23_Molodets" title="RT-23 Molodets">RT-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat" title="RS-28 Sarmat">RS-28 Sarmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UR-100" title="UR-100">UR-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MR-UR-100_Sotka" title="MR-UR-100 Sotka">UR-100MR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UR-100N" title="UR-100N">UR-100N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UR-200" title="UR-200">UR-200</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IRBM</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R-14_Chusovaya" title="R-14 Chusovaya">R-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSD-10_Pioneer" title="RSD-10 Pioneer">RSD-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oreshnik_(missile)" title="Oreshnik (missile)">Oreshnik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MRBM</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R-5_Pobeda" title="R-5 Pobeda">R-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-12_Dvina" title="R-12 Dvina">R-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-15" title="RT-15">RT-15</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SRBM</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2K1_Mars" title="2K1 Mars">2K1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2K6_Luna" title="2K6 Luna">2K6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K52_Luna-M" title="9K52 Luna-M">9K52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K720_Iskander" title="9K720 Iskander">9K720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-1_(missile)" title="R-1 (missile)">R-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-2_(missile)" title="R-2 (missile)">R-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-11_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="R-11 (missile)">R-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-11_Zemlya" title="R-11 Zemlya">R-11A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-17_Elbrus" title="R-17 Elbrus">R-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OTR-21_Tochka" title="OTR-21 Tochka">OTR-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OTR-23_Oka" title="OTR-23 Oka">OTR-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-1_Temp" title="TR-1 Temp">TR-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SLBM</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R-13_(missile)" title="R-13 (missile)">R-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-15_(missile)" title="R-15 (missile)">R-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-21_(missile)" title="R-21 (missile)">R-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-27_Zyb" title="R-27 Zyb">R-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-29_Vysota" title="R-29 Vysota">R-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-39_Rif" title="R-39 Rif">R-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSM-45_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="RSM-45 (missile)">RSM-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSM-56_Bulava" title="RSM-56 Bulava">RSM-56</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surface-to-surface (cruise)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burya" title="Burya">Burya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSS-40_Buran" title="RSS-40 Buran">RSS-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3M-51_Alfa" title="3M-51 Alfa">3M-51 Alfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3M-54_Kalibr" class="mw-redirect" title="3M-54 Kalibr">3M-54 Kalibr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M730_Burevestnik" title="9M730 Burevestnik">9M730 Burevestnik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surface-to-surface (naval)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P-1_(missile)" class="mw-redirect" title="P-1 (missile)">P-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-5_Pyatyorka" class="mw-redirect" title="P-5 Pyatyorka">P-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-15_Termit" title="P-15 Termit">P-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-70_Ametist" title="P-70 Ametist">P-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-120_Malakhit" title="P-120 Malakhit">P-120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-270_Moskit" title="P-270 Moskit">P-270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-500_Bazalt" title="P-500 Bazalt">P-500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-700_Granit" title="P-700 Granit">P-700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-750_Grom" class="mw-redirect" title="P-750 Grom">P-750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-800_Oniks" title="P-800 Oniks">P-800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-900" class="mw-redirect" title="P-900">P-900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-900A" class="mw-redirect" title="P-900A">P-900A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-1000_Vulkan" class="mw-redirect" title="P-1000 Vulkan">P-1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RKV-500A" class="mw-redirect" title="RKV-500A">RKV-500A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPK-2_Vyuga" title="RPK-2 Vyuga">RPK-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPK-6_Vodopad" class="mw-redirect" title="RPK-6 Vodopad">RPK-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPK-7_Veter" class="mw-redirect" title="RPK-7 Veter">RPK-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URPK-3" class="mw-redirect" title="URPK-3">URPK-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URPK-4" class="mw-redirect" title="URPK-4">URPK-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URPK-5" class="mw-redirect" title="URPK-5">URPK-5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surface-to-air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2K11_Krug" title="2K11 Krug">2K11 Krug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2K12_Kub" title="2K12 Kub">2K12 Kub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2K22_Tunguska" title="2K22 Tunguska">2K22 Tunguska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashtan_CIWS" title="Kashtan CIWS">Kashtan CIWS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K31_Strela-1" title="9K31 Strela-1">9K31 Strela-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K32_Strela-2" title="9K32 Strela-2">9K32 Strela-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K33_Osa" title="9K33 Osa">9K33 Osa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K34_Strela-3" title="9K34 Strela-3">9K34 Strela-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K38_Igla" title="9K38 Igla">9K38 Igla/9K338 Igla-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K333_Verba" title="9K333 Verba">9K333 Verba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K35_Strela-10" title="9K35 Strela-10">9K35 Strela-10</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">9K37 Buk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_missile_system" title="Tor missile system">9K330 Tor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantsir_missile_system" title="Pantsir missile system">Pantsir-S1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42S6_Morfey" title="42S6 Morfey">42S6 Morfey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-25_Berkut" title="S-25 Berkut">S-25 Berkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-75_Dvina" title="S-75 Dvina">S-75 Dvina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-125_Neva/Pechora" title="S-125 Neva/Pechora">S-125 Neva/Pechora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-200_missile_system" title="S-200 missile system">S-200 Angara/Vega/Dubna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-300_missile_system" title="S-300 missile system">S-300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-350_missile_system" title="S-350 missile system">S-350 (50R6) Vityaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-400_missile_system" title="S-400 missile system">S-400 Triumf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-500_missile_system" title="S-500 missile system">S-500/55R6M Triumfator-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-11_Shtorm" title="M-11 Shtorm">M-11 Shtorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosna-R" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosna-R">Sosna-R</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air-to-surface</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KSR-2" title="KSR-2">KSR-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSR-5" title="KSR-5">KSR-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS-1_Komet" title="KS-1 Komet">KS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-10S" title="K-10S">K-10S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSR-2" title="KSR-2">Kh-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-15" title="Kh-15">Kh-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-20" title="Kh-20">Kh-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-22" title="Kh-22">Kh-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-23_Grom" title="Kh-23 Grom">Kh-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-25" title="Kh-25">Kh-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-26" class="mw-redirect" title="Kh-26">Kh-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-28" title="Kh-28">Kh-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-29" title="Kh-29">Kh-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-31" title="Kh-31">Kh-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-35" title="Kh-35">Kh-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-38" title="Kh-38">Kh-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-41" class="mw-redirect" title="Kh-41">Kh-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-55" title="Kh-55">Kh-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-58" title="Kh-58">Kh-58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-59" title="Kh-59">Kh-59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-80" title="Kh-80">Kh-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-90" title="Kh-90">Kh-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-101" title="Kh-101">Kh-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K114_Shturm" title="9K114 Shturm">9M114V Shturm-V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_(missile)" title="Hermes (missile)">Hermes-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-47M2_Kinzhal" title="Kh-47M2 Kinzhal">Kh-47M2 Kinzhal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air-to-air</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K-5_(missile)" title="K-5 (missile)">K-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-13_(missile)" title="K-13 (missile)">R-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-4_(missile)" title="R-4 (missile)">R-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-8_(missile)" title="K-8 (missile)">R-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-23_(missile)" title="R-23 (missile)">R-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-27_(air-to-air_missile)" title="R-27 (air-to-air missile)">R-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-33_(missile)" title="R-33 (missile)">R-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-37_(missile)" title="R-37 (missile)">R-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-9_(missile)" title="K-9 (missile)">R-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-40_(missile)" title="R-40 (missile)">R-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-60_(missile)" title="R-60 (missile)">R-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-73_(missile)" title="R-73 (missile)">R-73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-77" title="R-77">R-77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novator_KS-172" title="Novator KS-172">R-172</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-tank</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3M6_Shmel" title="3M6 Shmel">3M6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K111_Fagot" title="9K111 Fagot">9K111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K112_Kobra" title="9K112 Kobra">9K112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K114_Shturm" title="9K114 Shturm">9K114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K115_Metis" title="9K115 Metis">9K115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K115-2_Metis-M" title="9K115-2 Metis-M">9K115-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K121_Vikhr" title="9K121 Vikhr">9K121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M14_Malyutka" title="9M14 Malyutka">9M14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifun_9M15" title="Taifun 9M15">9M15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M17_Fleyta" title="9M17 Fleyta">9M17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M113_Konkurs" title="9M113 Konkurs">9M113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M117_Bastion" title="9M117 Bastion">9M117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M119" class="mw-redirect" title="9M119">9M119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M120_Ataka" title="9M120 Ataka">9M120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M123_Khrizantema" title="9M123 Khrizantema">9M123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M133_Kornet" title="9M133 Kornet">9M133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M133M_Kornet-M" title="9M133M Kornet-M">9M133M Kornet-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kornet-D" title="Kornet-D">Kornet-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_(missile)" title="Hermes (missile)">Hermes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unguided rockets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Air-launched</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-1_Izumrud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RP-1 Izumrud (page does not exist)">RP-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-5_Izumrud-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RP-5 Izumrud-5 (page does not exist)">RP-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-6_Sokol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RP-6 Sokol (page does not exist)">RP-6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RP-9 (page does not exist)">RP-9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-15_Orel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RP-15 Orel (page does not exist)">RP-15</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-21_Saphir-21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RP-21 Saphir-21 (page does not exist)">RP-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-82_(rocket_family)" title="RS-82 (rocket family)">RS-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-132" class="mw-redirect" title="RS-132">RS-132</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rocket artillery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BM-14" title="BM-14">BM-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BM-21_Grad" title="BM-21 Grad">BM-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BM-24" title="BM-24">BM-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BM-25_(MRL)" class="mw-redirect" title="BM-25 (MRL)">BM-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BM-27_Uragan" title="BM-27 Uragan">BM-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BM-30_Smerch" title="BM-30 Smerch">BM-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOS-1" title="TOS-1">TOS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOS-2" title="TOS-2">TOS-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RD-8" title="RD-8">RD-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumansky_RD-9" title="Tumansky RD-9">RD-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumansky_R-11" title="Tumansky R-11">R-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumansky_R-13" title="Tumansky R-13">R-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumansky_R-15" title="Tumansky R-15">R-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumansky_R-25" title="Tumansky R-25">R-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumansky_R-29" title="Tumansky R-29">R-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klimov_RD-33" title="Klimov RD-33">RD-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-45" class="mw-redirect" title="RD-45">RD-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-58" title="RD-58">RD-58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-107" title="RD-107">RD-107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-117" class="mw-redirect" title="RD-117">RD-117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0120" title="RD-0120">RD-0120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0124" title="RD-0124">RD-0124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-0146" title="RD-0146">RD-0146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-170" title="RD-170">RD-170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-180" title="RD-180">RD-180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RD-191" title="RD-191">RD-191</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klimov_RD-500" title="Klimov RD-500">RD-500</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NATO_designation_for_Russian_and_former_Soviet_Union_missiles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_and_Soviet_missiles" title="Template:Russian and Soviet missiles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_and_Soviet_missiles" title="Template talk:Russian and Soviet missiles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_and_Soviet_missiles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian and Soviet missiles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NATO_designation_for_Russian_and_former_Soviet_Union_missiles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NATO_reporting_name" title="NATO reporting name">NATO designation</a> for <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Missile" title="Missile">missiles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Air-to-air_missile" title="Air-to-air missile">Air-to-air</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_reporting_names_for_air-to-air_missiles" title="List of NATO reporting names for air-to-air missiles">full list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K-5_(missile)" title="K-5 (missile)">AA-1 Alkali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-13_(missile)" title="K-13 (missile)">AA-2 Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-8_(missile)" title="K-8 (missile)">AA-3 Anab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-9_(missile)" title="K-9 (missile)">AA-4 Awl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-4_(missile)" title="R-4 (missile)">AA-5 Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-40_(missile)" title="R-40 (missile)">AA-6 Acrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-23_(missile)" title="R-23 (missile)">AA-7 Apex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-60_(missile)" title="R-60 (missile)">AA-8 Aphid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-33_(missile)" title="R-33 (missile)">AA-9 Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-27_(air-to-air_missile)" title="R-27 (air-to-air missile)">AA-10 Alamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-73_(missile)" title="R-73 (missile)">AA-11 Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-77" title="R-77">AA-12 Adder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-37_(missile)" title="R-37 (missile)">AA-13 Arrow</a></li> <li>K-74M2 (R-73M)</li> <li>K-77M (R-77M)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novator_KS-172" title="Novator KS-172">KS-172</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Air-to-surface_missile" title="Air-to-surface missile">Air- to-surface</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_reporting_names_for_air-to-surface_missiles" title="List of NATO reporting names for air-to-surface missiles">full list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10Kh" title="10Kh">10Kh</a> 14Kh 18Kh RV-1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS-1_Komet" title="KS-1 Komet">AS-1 Kennel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-10S" title="K-10S">AS-2 Kipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-20" title="Kh-20">AS-3 Kangaroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-22" title="Kh-22">AS-4 Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSR-2" title="KSR-2">AS-5 Kelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSR-5" title="KSR-5">AS-6 Kingfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-23_Grom" title="Kh-23 Grom">AS-7 Kerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K114_Shturm" title="9K114 Shturm">AS-8 Kokon AT-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-28" title="Kh-28">AS-9 Kyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-25" title="Kh-25">AS-10 Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-58" title="Kh-58">AS-11 Kilter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-25" title="Kh-25">AS-12 Kegler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-59" title="Kh-59">AS-13 Kingbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-29" title="Kh-29">AS-14 Kedge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-55" title="Kh-55">AS-15 Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-15" title="Kh-15">AS-16 Kickback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-31" title="Kh-31">AS-17 Krypton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-59" title="Kh-59">AS-18 Kazoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-80" title="Kh-80">AS-X-19 Koala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-35" title="Kh-35">AS-20 Kayak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-90" title="Kh-90">AS-X-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-59" title="Kh-59">AS-22</a> Kh-59MK2S/69</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-22" title="Kh-22">AS-4M</a> Kh-32</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-38" title="Kh-38">AS-23</a> Kh-38/36</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-38" title="Kh-38">AS-24</a> Kh-36</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-45" title="Kh-45">Kh-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-55" title="Kh-55">AS-25</a> Kh-50</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-101" title="Kh-101">AS-26 Kodiak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-90" title="Kh-90">Kh-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-270_Moskit" title="P-270 Moskit">AS-27 Sunburn A</a> Kh-41</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-800_Oniks" title="P-800 Oniks">AS-28 Strobile A</a> Kh-61</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3M-54_Kalibr" class="mw-redirect" title="3M-54 Kalibr">AS-29 Sizzler</a> Club A</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_(missile)" title="Hermes (missile)">Hermes A ATS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kronshtadt_Kh-50&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kronshtadt Kh-50 (page does not exist)">Kh-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LMUR" title="LMUR">LMUR</a> Izd. 305</li> <li>Iz 85 Kh-MD-E</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kh-74&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kh-74 (page does not exist)">Kh-74M2 "GZUR"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-47M2_Kinzhal" title="Kh-47M2 Kinzhal">AS-X-36 Stone AH</a> (Kh-76)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BrahMos" title="BrahMos">AS-37 BrahMos</a> AL</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3M22_Zircon" title="3M22 Zircon">Zirkon</a> (Kh-72) ASM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BrahMos-II" title="BrahMos-II">BrahMos-II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missile" title="Anti-tank guided missile">Anti-tank guided</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_reporting_names_for_anti-tank_missiles" title="List of NATO reporting names for anti-tank missiles">full list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3M6_Shmel" title="3M6 Shmel">AT-1 Snapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M17" class="mw-redirect" title="9M17">AT-2 Swatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M14_Malyutka" title="9M14 Malyutka">AT-3 Sagger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K111_Fagot" title="9K111 Fagot">AT-4 Spigot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M113_Konkurs" title="9M113 Konkurs">AT-5 Spandrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K114_Shturm" title="9K114 Shturm">AT-6 Spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K115_Metis" title="9K115 Metis">AT-7 Saxhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K112_Kobra" title="9K112 Kobra">AT-8 Songster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M120_Ataka" title="9M120 Ataka">AT-9 Spiral-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M117_Bastion" title="9M117 Bastion">AT-10 Stabber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT-11_Sniper" class="mw-redirect" title="AT-11 Sniper">AT-11 Sniper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M117_Bastion" title="9M117 Bastion">AT-12 Swinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K115-2_Metis-M" title="9K115-2 Metis-M">AT-13 Saxhorn-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M133_Kornet" title="9M133 Kornet">АТ-14 Spriggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M123_Khrizantema" title="9M123 Khrizantema">АТ-15 Springer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K121_Vikhr" title="9K121 Vikhr">AT-16 Scallion</a></li> <li>'Avtonomya' IR FF</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_(missile)" title="Hermes (missile)">Hermes A/M/K ATS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LMUR" title="LMUR">LMUR</a> Izd. 305</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kronshtadt_Kh-50&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kronshtadt Kh-50 (page does not exist)">Kh-50</a></li> <li>Iz 85 Kh-MD-E</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">Surface- to-air</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_reporting_names_for_surface-to-air_missiles" title="List of NATO reporting names for surface-to-air missiles">full list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ground- based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S-25_Berkut" title="S-25 Berkut">SA-1 Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-75_Dvina" title="S-75 Dvina">SA-2 Guideline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-125_Neva/Pechora" title="S-125 Neva/Pechora">SA-3 Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2K11_Krug" title="2K11 Krug">SA-4 Ganef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-200_missile_system" title="S-200 missile system">SA-5 Gammon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2K12_Kub" title="2K12 Kub">SA-6 Gainful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K32_Strela-2" title="9K32 Strela-2">SA-7 Grail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K33_Osa" title="9K33 Osa">SA-8 Gecko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K31_Strela-1" title="9K31 Strela-1">SA-9 Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-300_missile_system" title="S-300 missile system">SA-10 Grumble</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SA-11 Gadfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-300_missile_system" title="S-300 missile system">SA-12 Gladiator/Giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K35_Strela-10" title="9K35 Strela-10">SA-13 Gopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K34_Strela-3" title="9K34 Strela-3">SA-14 Gremlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_missile_system" title="Tor missile system">SA-15 Gauntlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K38_Igla" title="9K38 Igla">SA-16 Gimlet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SA-17 Grizzly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K38_Igla" title="9K38 Igla">SA-18 Grouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2K22_Tunguska" title="2K22 Tunguska">SA-19 Grison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-300_missile_system" title="S-300 missile system">SA-20 Gargoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-400_missile_system" title="S-400 missile system">SA-21 Growler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantsir-S1" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantsir-S1">SA-22 Greyhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-300VM" class="mw-redirect" title="S-300VM">SA-23 Gladiator/Giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K38_Igla" title="9K38 Igla">SA-24 Grinch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K333_Verba" title="9K333 Verba">SA-29 Gizmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morfey" class="mw-redirect" title="Morfey">Morfey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-350_missile_system" title="S-350 missile system">S-350</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M337_Sosna-R" title="9M337 Sosna-R">Sosna-R/RA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">Naval- based</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S-125_Neva/Pechora" title="S-125 Neva/Pechora">SA-N-1 Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-75_Dvina" title="S-75 Dvina">SA-N-2 Guideline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-75_Dvina" title="S-75 Dvina">SA-NX-2C</a> M-3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-11_Shtorm" title="M-11 Shtorm">SA-N-3 Goblet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K33_Osa" title="9K33 Osa">SA-N-4 Gecko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K32_Strela-2" title="9K32 Strela-2">SA-N-5 Grail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-300_missile_system" title="S-300 missile system">SA-N-6 Grumble</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SA-N-7 Gadfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K34_Strela-3" title="9K34 Strela-3">SA-N-8 Gremlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_missile_system" title="Tor missile system">SA-N-9 Gauntlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K38_Igla" title="9K38 Igla">SA-N-10 Grouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K22_Tunguska" class="mw-redirect" title="9K22 Tunguska">SA-N-11 Grison</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SA-N-12 Grizzly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K38_Igla" title="9K38 Igla">SA-N-14 Grouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-300_missile_system" title="S-300 missile system">SA-N-20 Gargoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantsir-S1" class="mw-redirect" title="Pantsir-S1">SA-N-21</a> <a href="/wiki/Pantsir-M" title="Pantsir-M">Greyhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-350_missile_system" title="S-350 missile system">9K</a><a href="/wiki/S-300_missile_system" title="S-300 missile system">96</a> <a href="/wiki/S-400_missile_system" title="S-400 missile system">Redut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M337_Sosna-R" title="9M337 Sosna-R">Palash/Palma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile" title="Anti-ballistic missile">Anti- ballistic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABM-1_Galosh" title="ABM-1 Galosh">ABM-1 Galosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-135_anti-ballistic_missile_system" title="A-135 anti-ballistic missile system">ABM-3</a>/<a href="/wiki/53T6" title="53T6">53T6 Gazelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-500_missile_system" title="S-500 missile system">S-500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-235_anti-ballistic_missile_system" title="A-235 anti-ballistic missile system">A-235</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Surface-to-surface_missile" title="Surface-to-surface missile">Surface- to-surface</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_NATO_reporting_names_for_surface-to-surface_missiles" title="List of NATO reporting names for surface-to-surface missiles">full list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ground- based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R-1_(missile)" title="R-1 (missile)">SS-1 Scunner</a>/<a href="/wiki/Scud_missile" title="Scud missile">SS-1 Scud</a> (<a href="/wiki/R-11_Zemlya" title="R-11 Zemlya">Scud-A</a>/<a href="/wiki/R-17_Elbrus" title="R-17 Elbrus">-B</a>/-C/-D)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-2_(missile)" title="R-2 (missile)">SS-2 Sibling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-5_Pobeda" title="R-5 Pobeda">SS-3 Shyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-12_Dvina" title="R-12 Dvina">SS-4 Sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-14_Chusovaya" title="R-14 Chusovaya">SS-5 Skean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-7_Semyorka" title="R-7 Semyorka">SS-6 Sapwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-16_(missile)" title="R-16 (missile)">SS-7 Saddler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-9_Desna" title="R-9 Desna">SS-8 Sasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-26_(missile)" title="R-26 (missile)">SS-8B Sasin 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">SS-9 Scarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UR-200" title="UR-200">SS-10 Scrag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UR-100" title="UR-100">SS-11 Sego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-1_Temp" title="TR-1 Temp">SS-12 Scaleboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-1" title="RT-1">SS-X-13 Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-2" title="RT-2">SS-13 Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-15" title="RT-15">SS-14 Scamp/Scapegoat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-20P" title="RT-20P">SS-15 Scrooge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-21_Temp_2S" title="RT-21 Temp 2S">SS-16 Sinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MR-UR-100_Sotka" title="MR-UR-100 Sotka">SS-17 Spanker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">SS-18 Satan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UR-100N" title="UR-100N">SS-19 Stiletto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSD-10_Pioneer" title="RSD-10 Pioneer">SS-20 Saber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OTR-21_Tochka" title="OTR-21 Tochka">SS-21 Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-1_Temp" title="TR-1 Temp">SS-22 Scaleboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OTR-23_Oka" title="OTR-23 Oka">SS-23 Spider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-23_Molodets" title="RT-23 Molodets">SS-24 Scalpel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-2PM_Topol" title="RT-2PM Topol">SS-25 Sickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K720_Iskander" title="9K720 Iskander">SS-26 Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-2PM2_Topol-M" title="RT-2PM2 Topol-M">SS-27 Sickle B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSD-10_Pioneer" title="RSD-10 Pioneer">SS-28 Saber 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-24_Yars" title="RS-24 Yars">SS-29 Sickle C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat" title="RS-28 Sarmat">SS-X-30 Satan 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-26_Rubezh" title="RS-26 Rubezh">SS-X-31 Sickle D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BZhRK_Barguzin" title="BZhRK Barguzin">SS-X-32Zh Scalpel B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avangard_(hypersonic_glide_vehicle)" title="Avangard (hypersonic glide vehicle)">Avangard</a> / HGV Yu-7#</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M730_Burevestnik" title="9M730 Burevestnik">SS-X-33 Stone AN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">Naval- based</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10Kh" title="10Kh">14KhK1</a> 15Kh 17Kh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS-1_Komet" title="KS-1 Komet">KS-1 Komet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-20" title="Kh-20">P-20 Sokol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-10S" title="K-10S">P-40</a> <a href="/wiki/KSR-2" title="KSR-2">P-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSShch" title="KSShch">SS-N-1 Scrubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-15_Termit" title="P-15 Termit">SS-N-2 Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-N-3_Shaddock" title="SS-N-3 Shaddock">SS-N-3c Shaddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-N-3_Shaddock" title="SS-N-3 Shaddock">SS-N-3a Shaddock 3b Sepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-13_(missile)" title="R-13 (missile)">SS-N-4 Sark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-21_(missile)" title="R-21 (missile)">SS-N-5 Sark/Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-1" title="RT-1">D-6</a> <a href="/wiki/RT-2" title="RT-2">D-6M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-15_(missile)" title="R-15 (missile)">D-7 R-15M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-27_Zyb" title="R-27 Zyb">SS-N-6 Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-70_Ametist" title="P-70 Ametist">SS-N-7 Starbright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-29_Vysota" title="R-29 Vysota">SS-N-8 Sawfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-120_Malakhit" title="P-120 Malakhit">SS-N-9 Siren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-500_Bazalt" title="P-500 Bazalt">SS-N-12 Sandbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-27_Zyb#R-27K" title="R-27 Zyb">SS-NX-13 Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metel_Anti-Ship_Complex" title="Metel Anti-Ship Complex">SS-N-14 Silex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPK-2_Vyuga" title="RPK-2 Vyuga">SS-N-15 Starfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPK-6_Vodopad/RPK-7_Veter" title="RPK-6 Vodopad/RPK-7 Veter">SS-N-16 Stallion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-31_(missile)" title="R-31 (missile)">SS-N-17 Snipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-29_Vysota" title="R-29 Vysota">SS-N-18 Stingray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-700_Granit" title="P-700 Granit">SS-N-19 Shipwreck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-39_Rif" title="R-39 Rif">SS-N-20 Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RK-55" title="RK-55">SS-N-21 Sampson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-270_Moskit" title="P-270 Moskit">SS-N-22 Sunburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-29RM_Shtil" title="R-29RM Shtil">SS-N-23 Skif</a> R29RM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-29RMU_Sineva" title="R-29RMU Sineva">SS-N-23A Skif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-29RMU2_Layner" title="R-29RMU2 Layner">SS-N-23B Skif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-80" title="Kh-80">SS-NX-24 Scorpion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-35" title="Kh-35">SS-N-25 Switchblade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-800_Oniks" title="P-800 Oniks">SS-N-26 Strobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3M-54_Kalibr" class="mw-redirect" title="3M-54 Kalibr">SS-N-27 Sizzler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3M-54_Kalibr" class="mw-redirect" title="3M-54 Kalibr">SS-N-30A</a> 3M-14</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-39M" title="R-39M">SS-NX-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPK-9_Medvedka" title="RPK-9 Medvedka">SS-N-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSM-56_Bulava" title="RSM-56 Bulava">SS-N-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3M22_Zircon" title="3M22 Zircon">SS-NX-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3M22_Zircon" title="3M22 Zircon">SS-NX-34</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skif_(missile)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skif (missile) (page does not exist)">Skif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3M-51_Alfa" title="3M-51 Alfa">SS-N-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BrahMos" title="BrahMos">SS-N-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BrahMos-II" title="BrahMos-II">SS-NX-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status-6_Oceanic_Multipurpose_System" title="Status-6 Oceanic Multipurpose System">SS-NX-38 Canyon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-ship_missile" title="Anti-ship missile">Ship- to-ship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10Kh" title="10Kh">10Kh</a>N</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-N-3_Shaddock" title="SS-N-3 Shaddock">SSC-1B Sepal</a> Redut</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS-1_Komet" title="KS-1 Komet">SSC-2 Salish/Samlet</a> AS/KS-1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-20" title="Kh-20">P-20 Sokol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSShch" title="KSShch">SSC-K P-1</a> Schuka KSShch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-15_Termit" title="P-15 Termit">SSC-3 Styx</a> Rubezh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RK-55" title="RK-55">SSC-4 Slingshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-80" title="Kh-80">SSC-X-5 Scorpion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-35" title="Kh-35">SSC-6 Sennight</a></li> <li>SSC-7 Stone KS 9M728</li> <li>SSC-8 Stone KB 9M729</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3M-54_Kalibr" class="mw-redirect" title="3M-54 Kalibr">SSC-14</a> Klub N/M 3M14/54</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BrahMos-II" title="BrahMos-II">SSC-13</a> <a href="/wiki/BrahMos" title="BrahMos">BrahMos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-800_Oniks" title="P-800 Oniks">SSC-10</a>/<a href="/wiki/K-300P_Bastion-P" title="K-300P Bastion-P">SSC-5 Stooge</a> Bastion P/S</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-270_Moskit" title="P-270 Moskit">SSC-7/12</a> 3M-80MV</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kh-74&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kh-74 (page does not exist)">SSC-X-11</a> "GZUR"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3M22_Zircon" title="3M22 Zircon">SSC-X-15</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skif_(missile)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skif (missile) (page does not exist)">Skif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9M730_Burevestnik" title="9M730 Burevestnik">SSC-X-9 Stone AN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_(missile)" title="Hermes (missile)">Hermes M ATS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_(missile)" title="Hermes (missile)">Hermes K ATS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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