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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violinsonate" title="Violinsonate – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Violinsonate" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violinsonate" title="Violinsonate – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Violinsonate" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonata_para_viol%C3%ADn" title="Sonata para violín – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sonata para violín" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86" title="سونات ویولن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سونات ویولن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%AC%EB%A6%B0_%EC%86%8C%EB%82%98%ED%83%80" title="바이올린 소나타 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바이올린 소나타" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonata_per_violino" title="Sonata per violino – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sonata per violino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heged%C5%B1szon%C3%A1ta" title="Hegedűszonáta – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hegedűszonáta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical composition for violin</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stainer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Stainer.jpg/220px-Stainer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Stainer.jpg/330px-Stainer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Stainer.jpg/440px-Stainer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>violin sonata</b> is a musical composition for <a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">violin</a>, often accompanied by a <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">keyboard instrument</a> and in earlier periods with a bass instrument doubling the keyboard bass line. The violin <a href="/wiki/Sonata" title="Sonata">sonata</a> developed from a simple <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">baroque</a> form with no fixed format to a standardised and complex classical form. Since the <a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">romantic</a> age some composers have pushed the boundaries of both the classical format as well as the use of the instruments. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_early_violin_sonata">The early violin sonata</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Violin_sonata&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The early violin sonata"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the earliest violin sonatas a bass instrument and the <a href="/wiki/Harpsichord" title="Harpsichord">harpsichord</a> played a simple bass line (continuo) with the harpsichord doubling the bass line and fixed chords while the violin played independently. The music was <a href="/wiki/Counterpoint" title="Counterpoint">contrapuntal</a> with no fixed format. <a href="/wiki/Georg_Philipp_Telemann" title="Georg Philipp Telemann">Georg Philipp Telemann</a> wrote many such sonatas as did <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a>. Bach also wrote <a href="/wiki/Six_Sonatas_for_Violin_and_Harpsichord,_BWV_1014%E2%80%931019" title="Six Sonatas for Violin and Harpsichord, BWV 1014–1019">sonatas with harpsichord obbligato</a>, which freed the keyboard instrument from playing only a bass line accompaniment and allowed in to enhance the part of the soloist. He also wrote <a href="/wiki/Sonatas_and_Partitas_for_Solo_Violin_(Bach)" title="Sonatas and Partitas for Solo Violin (Bach)">sonatas for solo violin</a> without any kind of accompaniment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_classical_sonata_form">The classical sonata form</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Violin_sonata&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The classical sonata form"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beethoven.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Beethoven.jpg/200px-Beethoven.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Beethoven.jpg/300px-Beethoven.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Beethoven.jpg/400px-Beethoven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1443" /></a><figcaption>Beethoven's 'Kreutzer' sonata is frequently performed.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Mozart" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart">Mozart</a> was instrumental in the development of the classical violin sonata of which at least 36 are known. Mozart wrote mostly two movement sonatas, generally a fast movement in <a href="/wiki/Sonata_form" title="Sonata form">sonata form</a> and a second, slower movement in various formats. In his later sonatas he added a third fast movement in various formats. Several of his violin sonatas feature a movement in <a href="/wiki/Theme_and_variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme and variation">theme and variation</a> format. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Beethoven" class="mw-redirect" title="Beethoven">Beethoven</a> wrote ten violin sonatas throughout his composing career.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His sonatas matured in both style and complexity; the <a href="/wiki/Violin_Sonata_No._9_(Beethoven)" title="Violin Sonata No. 9 (Beethoven)">Kreutzer Sonata</a> is a work of extreme contrast. A rendition typically lasts forty minutes and is very demanding on both players.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Mendelssohn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Schumann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahms" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahms">Brahms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schubert" class="mw-redirect" title="Schubert">Schubert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Weber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Liszt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richard Strauss</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Franck" title="César Franck">Franck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faur%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauré">Fauré</a>, <a href="/wiki/Debussy" class="mw-redirect" title="Debussy">Debussy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ravel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravel">Ravel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prokofiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokofiev">Prokofiev</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shostakovich" class="mw-redirect" title="Shostakovich">Shostakovich</a> amongst other later composers added to the repertoire pushing the form to its limits, or writing rules of their own.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_modern_violin_sonata">The modern violin sonata</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Violin_sonata&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The modern violin sonata"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Schnittke" title="Alfred Schnittke">Schnittke</a> (with his <a href="/wiki/Polystylism" title="Polystylism">polystylistic</a> technique), and <a href="/wiki/Hans_Werner_Henze" title="Hans Werner Henze">Henze</a> are noted modern composers of the violin sonata who have all brought about radical reformation of the classical <a href="/wiki/Sonata_form" title="Sonata form">sonata form</a> as well as new technical demands on the performers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Violin_sonata&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_violin_sonatas" title="List of violin sonatas">List of violin sonatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonata_form" title="Sonata form">Sonata form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">Violin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin_concerto" title="Violin concerto">Violin concerto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonata" title="Sonata">Sonata</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Violin_sonata&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150603060048/http://beeri.org/notes/beethoven-violin-sonatas.html">"Beethoven and the Violin Sonata"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beeri.org/notes/beethoven-violin-sonatas.html">the original</a> on 2015-06-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beethoven+and+the+Violin+Sonata&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbeeri.org%2Fnotes%2Fbeethoven-violin-sonatas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolin+sonata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050128094311/http://all-about-beethoven.com/violinpiano.html">"Beethoven's Sonatas for Violin and Piano"</a>. Archived from the original on January 28, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beethoven%27s+Sonatas+for+Violin+and+Piano&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.all-about-beethoven.com%2Fviolinpiano.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViolin+sonata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Brief Analysis of Debussy's Violin Sonata, Brahms' Violin Sonata, Op. 78, and Shostakovich's Eighth String Quartet, Op. 110</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Sonatas" title="Fitzwilliam Sonatas">Fitzwilliam Sonatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sonata_form" title="History of sonata form">History</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sonatas_and_Interludes" title="Sonatas and Interludes">Sonatas and Interludes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonata_cycle" title="Sonata cycle">Sonata cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonata_form" title="Sonata form">Sonata form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonata_rondo_form" title="Sonata rondo form">Sonata rondo form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonata_theory" title="Sonata theory">Sonata theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" 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title="Violin">Violin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_violin" title="Electric violin">Electric violin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pochette_(musical_instrument)" title="Pochette (musical instrument)">Pochette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-string_violin" title="Five-string violin">Five-string violin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violino_piccolo" title="Violino piccolo">Violino piccolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_violin" title="Alexander violin">Alexander violin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroh_violin" title="Stroh violin">Stroh violin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">Viola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_viola" title="Vertical viola">Vertical viola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_pomposa" title="Viola pomposa">Viola pomposa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenor_violin" title="Tenor violin">Tenor violin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">Cello</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_violin" title="Bass violin">Bass violin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baritone_violin" title="Baritone violin">Baritone violin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cello_da_spalla" title="Cello da spalla">Cello da spalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellone" title="Cellone">Cellone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_cello" title="Electric cello">Electric cello</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">Double bass</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_upright_bass" title="Electric upright bass">Electric upright bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violone" title="Violone">Violone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octobass" title="Octobass">Octobass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Violin_construction_and_mechanics" title="Violin construction and mechanics">Parts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_bar" title="Bass bar">Bass bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_(music)" title="Bow (music)">Bow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_frog" title="Bow frog">Frog</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_(instrument)" title="Bridge (instrument)">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinrest" title="Chinrest">Chinrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endpin" title="Endpin">Endpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_hole" title="Sound hole">F-hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingerboard" title="Fingerboard">Fingerboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(string_instrument)" title="Nut (string instrument)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scroll_(music)" title="Scroll (music)">Scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_rest" title="Shoulder rest">Shoulder rest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_post" title="Sound post">Sound post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailpiece" title="Tailpiece">Tailpiece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuning_mechanisms_for_stringed_instruments" title="Tuning mechanisms for stringed instruments">Tuning peg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Violin_technique" title="Violin technique">Techniques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_(music)" title="Bow (music)">Bowing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_stroke" title="Bow stroke">Bow stroke</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Col_legno" title="Col legno">Col legno</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martel%C3%A9_(bowstroke)" title="Martelé (bowstroke)">Martelé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portato" title="Portato">Portato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiccato" title="Spiccato">Spiccato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremolo" title="Tremolo">Tremolo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arpeggio" title="Arpeggio">Arpeggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_harmonic" title="String harmonic">Harmonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_stop" title="Double stop">Double stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingering_(music)" title="Fingering (music)">Fingering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_substitution" title="Finger substitution">Finger substitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bariolage" title="Bariolage">Bariolage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzicato" title="Pizzicato">Pizzicato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scordatura" title="Scordatura">Scordatura</a> (changing string tuning)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_vibrato" title="Finger vibrato">Vibrato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ensembles<br /> and genres of music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/String_quartet" title="String quartet">String quartet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_trio" title="String trio">String trio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_quintet" title="String quintet">String quintet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_sextet" title="String sextet">String sextet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_octet" title="String octet">String octet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_section" title="String section">String section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_orchestra" title="String orchestra">String orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin_concerto" title="Violin concerto">Violin concerto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_concerto" title="Viola concerto">Viola concerto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cello_concerto" title="Cello concerto">Cello concerto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_bass_concerto" title="Double bass concerto">Double bass concerto</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Violin sonata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_sonata" title="Viola sonata">Viola sonata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cello_sonata" title="Cello sonata">Cello sonata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arpeggione" title="Arpeggione">Arpeggione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baryton" title="Baryton">Baryton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardanger_fiddle" title="Hardanger fiddle">Hardanger fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurdy-gurdy" title="Hurdy-gurdy">Hurdy-gurdy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lira_da_braccio" title="Lira da braccio">Lira da braccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lirone" title="Lirone">Lirone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyckelharpa" title="Nyckelharpa">Nyckelharpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pochette_(musical_instrument)" title="Pochette (musical instrument)">Pochette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinton_(musical_instrument)" title="Quinton (musical instrument)">Quinton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violin_acoustics" title="Violin acoustics">Violin acoustics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_violin" title="History of the violin">History of the violin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_bass" title="Jazz bass">Jazz bass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_amplifier" title="Bass amplifier">Bass amplifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">Big band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapping_(music)" title="Slapping (music)">Slap bass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_violin" title="Jazz violin">Jazz violin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosin" title="Rosin">Rosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stradivarius" title="Stradivarius">Stradivarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viol" title="Viol">Viol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin_making_and_maintenance" title="Violin making and maintenance">Violin lutherie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin_musical_styles" class="mw-redirect" title="Violin musical styles">Violin musical styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin_octet" title="Violin octet">Violin octet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td 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