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<li id="toc-Center_for_the_History_of_Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Center_for_the_History_of_Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Center for the History of Chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Center_for_the_History_of_Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arnold_and_Mabel_Beckman_Center_for_the_History_of_Chemistry_(BCHOC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arnold_and_Mabel_Beckman_Center_for_the_History_of_Chemistry_(BCHOC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry (BCHOC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arnold_and_Mabel_Beckman_Center_for_the_History_of_Chemistry_(BCHOC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Othmer_Library_of_Chemical_History" class="vector-toc-list-item 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id="toc-Creating_a_public_museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alchemical_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alchemical_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.1</span> <span>Alchemical collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alchemical_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instrument_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instrument_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.2</span> <span>Instrument collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instrument_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Arnold_O._Beckman_Permanent_Exhibit_and_the_Clifford_C._Hach_Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Arnold_O._Beckman_Permanent_Exhibit_and_the_Clifford_C._Hach_Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1.3</span> <span>The Arnold O. Beckman Permanent Exhibit and the Clifford C. Hach Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Arnold_O._Beckman_Permanent_Exhibit_and_the_Clifford_C._Hach_Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_History_Institute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_History_Institute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Science History Institute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_History_Institute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Collections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distillations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distillations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span><i>Distillations</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distillations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fellowships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fellowships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fellowships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fellowships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Science History Institute</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">U.S. library, museum, and archive</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Science History Institute</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sci_Hist_Inst_across_Chestnut_St_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sci_Hist_Inst_across_Chestnut_St_jeh.jpg/250px-Sci_Hist_Inst_across_Chestnut_St_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sci_Hist_Inst_across_Chestnut_St_jeh.jpg/375px-Sci_Hist_Inst_across_Chestnut_St_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sci_Hist_Inst_across_Chestnut_St_jeh.jpg/500px-Sci_Hist_Inst_across_Chestnut_St_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2699" data-file-height="3598" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The Science History Institute in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> in October 2019</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_c68b92d24f5ea232233e86437e9bf99e9d3c0456"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Science_History_Institute&revid=1254605491&groups=_c68b92d24f5ea232233e86437e9bf99e9d3c0456" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Science_History_Institute&revid=1254605491&groups=_c68b92d24f5ea232233e86437e9bf99e9d3c0456 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former name</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Center for the History of Chemistry (1982–1992)<br />Chemical Heritage Foundation (1992 – February 1, 2018)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">22 January 1982<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1982-01-22</span>)</span></td></tr><tr class="adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data locality">315 <a href="/wiki/Chestnut_Street_(Philadelphia)" title="Chestnut Street (Philadelphia)">Chestnut Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, 19106, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Key holdings</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_chemistry" title="History of chemistry">History of chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_science" title="History of science">History of science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instrumentation" title="Instrumentation">Instrumentation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Thackray" title="Arnold Thackray">Arnold Thackray</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent">David Allen Cole</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Public transit access</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bus transport"><img alt="Bus transport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Aiga_bus_trans.svg/12px-Aiga_bus_trans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Aiga_bus_trans.svg/18px-Aiga_bus_trans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Aiga_bus_trans.svg/24px-Aiga_bus_trans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="442" /></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/SEPTA" title="SEPTA"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/SEPTA.svg/16px-SEPTA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/SEPTA.svg/24px-SEPTA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/SEPTA.svg/32px-SEPTA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="369" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/SEPTA" title="SEPTA">SEPTA</a> bus: <a href="/wiki/SEPTA_Route_21" class="mw-redirect" title="SEPTA Route 21">21</a>, <a href="/wiki/SEPTA_Route_42" class="mw-redirect" title="SEPTA Route 42">42</a>, <a href="/wiki/SEPTA_Route_57" class="mw-redirect" title="SEPTA Route 57">57</a>, <a href="/wiki/Market%E2%80%93Frankford_Line" title="Market–Frankford Line">Market–Frankford Line</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/">www<wbr />.sciencehistory<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Science History Institute</b> is an institution that preserves and promotes understanding of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_science" title="History of science">history of science</a>. Located in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a>, it includes a <a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museum" title="Museum">museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archive" title="Archive">archive</a>, research center and <a href="/wiki/Conference_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Conference center">conference center</a>. </p><p>It was founded in 1982 as a joint venture of the <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>, as the <b>Center for the History of Chemistry</b> (<b>CHOC</b>). The <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Chemical_Engineers" title="American Institute of Chemical Engineers">American Institute of Chemical Engineers</a> (AIChE) became a co-founder in 1984. It was renamed the <b>Chemical Heritage Foundation</b> (<b>CHF</b>) in 1992, and moved two years later to the institution's current location, 315 <a href="/wiki/Chestnut_Street_(Philadelphia)" title="Chestnut Street (Philadelphia)">Chestnut Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/Old_City,_Philadelphia" title="Old City, Philadelphia">Old City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryCHF_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryCHF-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 1, 2015, CHF merged with the <a href="/wiki/Life_Sciences_Foundation" title="Life Sciences Foundation">Life Sciences Foundation</a>, creating an organization that covers "the history of the life sciences and biotechnology together with the history of the chemical sciences and engineering."<sup id="cite_ref-History_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Merger_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merger-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of February 1, 2018, the organization was renamed the Science History Institute, to reflect its wider range of historical interests, from chemical sciences and engineering to the life sciences and biotechnology.<sup id="cite_ref-Salisbury_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salisbury-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The institute focuses on the <a href="/wiki/History_of_chemistry" title="History of chemistry">history of chemistry</a>, the <a href="/wiki/History_of_science" title="History of science">history of science</a>, the <a href="/wiki/History_of_technology" title="History of technology">history of technology</a>, trends in <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a>, the impact of <a href="/wiki/Science#Society" title="Science">science on society</a>, and relationships between science and art. It supports a community of research scholars and an oral history program. As of 2012, it was the largest U.S. grantor of research fellowships for the history of science.<sup id="cite_ref-FellowshipSupport_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FellowshipSupport-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Othmers_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Othmers-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_History_Institute&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The idea of creating "a library of reference and a chemical museum" in the United States can be found in the Proceedings of the first meeting of the <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a> (ACS) in 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-ACS1876_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACS1876-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The idea of a Science History Institute dates to 1976, when the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">nation's bicentennial</a> and the ACS' centennial stimulated interest in history and chemistry. As part of the ACS centennial activities, John H. Wotiz of its history-of-chemistry division organized a session on the history of chemistry; he was a strong proponent of a national center for historical chemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-Centennial_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Centennial-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CHOC18-3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC18-3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DexterWotiz_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DexterWotiz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Center_for_the_History_of_Chemistry">Center for the History of Chemistry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_History_Institute&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Center for the History of Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1979, the ACS formed a task force chaired by <a href="/wiki/Ned_D._Heindel" title="Ned D. Heindel">Ned D. Heindel</a> to look at creating a national center for the history of chemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryCHF_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryCHF-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CHOC18-3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC18-3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Thackray" title="Arnold Thackray">Arnold Thackray</a>, a professor in the Department of History and Sociology of Science at the University of Pennsylvania, and curator of the <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Fahs_Smith" title="Edgar Fahs Smith">Edgar Fahs Smith</a> Memorial Collection on the history of chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania, argued for the formation of such a center in Philadelphia. Thackray obtained promises of private support from chemist <a href="/wiki/John_C._Haas" title="John C. Haas">John C. Haas</a> and institutional support from the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company" title="Dow Chemical Company">Dow Chemical Company</a> and <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">DuPont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CHF-origin_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHF-origin-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1981, the ACS approved the establishment of the Center for the History of Chemistry, with support of $50,000 per year for five years, in cooperation with the University of Pennsylvania, which was to provide an equivalent in goods and services.<sup id="cite_ref-Centennial_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Centennial-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An agreement to create the Center for the History of Chemistry was signed by officers of the American Chemical Society and the University of Pennsylvania on January 22 and 26, 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-CHOC1-1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC1-1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A policy council was appointed by the sponsoring institutions to oversee routine operations of the center, and <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Thackray" title="Arnold Thackray">Arnold Thackray</a> was appointed part-time director of the center on April 29, 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-CHOC1-1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC1-1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The center was inaugurated on March 11, 1983,<sup id="cite_ref-CHOC1-3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC1-3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in several vacant basement rooms on the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> campus.<sup id="cite_ref-CHF-origin_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHF-origin-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its "immediate aims" included gathering oral histories of important chemists and inventorying papers and manuscripts in repositories throughout the country to map "the largely unexplored territory of the history of chemistry and chemical technology."<sup id="cite_ref-CHOC1-1_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC1-1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A National Advisory Board was also formed from a wide-ranging group of people in academia and industry.<sup id="cite_ref-CHOC1-1_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC1-1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982, its members included John C. Haas, historians <a href="/wiki/Margaret_W._Rossiter" title="Margaret W. Rossiter">Margaret W. Rossiter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alfred_D._Chandler,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred D. Chandler, Jr.">Alfred D. Chandler, Jr.</a> and at least three <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winners, <a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryCHF_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryCHF-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Chemical_Engineers" title="American Institute of Chemical Engineers">American Institute of Chemical Engineers</a> (AIChE) became a co-founder of the center, signing an agreement on August 27 and 28, 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-Centennial_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Centennial-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CHOC2-1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC2-1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the institution began to establish relationships with affiliated organizations such as <a href="/wiki/The_Chemists%27_Club" title="The Chemists' Club">The Chemists' Club</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_Biochemistry_and_Molecular_Biology" title="American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology">American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Textile_Chemists_and_Colorists" title="American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists">American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Electrochemical_Society" title="Electrochemical Society">Electrochemical Society</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_Mass_Spectrometry" title="American Society for Mass Spectrometry">American Society for Mass Spectrometry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-electric_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-electric-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As early as 1983, the Center for the History of Chemistry expressed an interest in "The Conservation of Historic American Chemical Instruments", in discussions of a possible joint project with the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian</a>. However, the center did not yet have exhibition or collections space to allow for the acquisition of any but the most limited quantities of documents.<sup id="cite_ref-CHOC1-3b_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC1-3b-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The center did curate a number of traveling exhibitions by collaborating with other organizations, including "Joseph Priestley: Enlightened Chemist",<sup id="cite_ref-Priestley_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Priestley-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Polymers and People",<sup id="cite_ref-Polymers_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polymers-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Scaling Up",<sup id="cite_ref-SmithReview_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SmithReview-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scaling_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scaling-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "Chemical Education in the United States".<sup id="cite_ref-Lewenstein_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewenstein-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arnold_and_Mabel_Beckman_Center_for_the_History_of_Chemistry_(BCHOC)"><span id="Arnold_and_Mabel_Beckman_Center_for_the_History_of_Chemistry_.28BCHOC.29"></span>Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry (BCHOC)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_History_Institute&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry (BCHOC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1980s, the center came to the attention of <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Orville_Beckman" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold Orville Beckman">Arnold Orville Beckman</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Arnold_and_Mabel_Beckman_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation">Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation</a> provided a $2 million challenge grant in 1986 to stimulate expansion of the center as a research institute, the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry (BCHOC).<sup id="cite_ref-BeckmanCHF_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeckmanCHF-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beckman challenged the center to define its mission more broadly, reaching out to academic, professional and trade organizations, and including biochemistry, materials science, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and instrumentation within its mandate.<sup id="cite_ref-hundred_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hundred-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Foundation for History of Chemistry was established in 1987 as a supporting Pennsylvania nonprofit.<sup id="cite_ref-Achilladelis_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Achilladelis-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The renamed Beckman Center began a major capital campaign, listing as its needs "offices, an exhibit gallery, a reading room, library stacks, and archives and storage areas."<sup id="cite_ref-CHOC5-1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC5-1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It celebrated its inauguration on November 5, 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-CHOC5-2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC5-2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With support from the American Chemical Society's "Campaign for Chemistry", the center was able to move to 3401 Walnut Street, on the University of Pennsylvania campus, as of March 9, 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-Moves3401_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moves3401-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Othmer_Library_of_Chemical_History">Othmer Library of Chemical History</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_History_Institute&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Othmer Library of Chemical History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1989, the center received a further challenge grant, this time from <a href="/wiki/Donald_F._Othmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald F. Othmer">Donald F. Othmer</a> and his wife, Mildred Topp Othmer. Donald Othmer was a quiet chemical engineering professor from Polytechnic University in Brooklyn.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Othmers donated $5 million towards the creation of the Othmer Library of Chemical History. Again, efforts to match the grant were supported by the National Foundation for History of Chemistry and the American Chemical Society's Campaign for Chemistry. The new library was further supported by the donation of 8,500 monographs, textbooks and reference works from <a href="/wiki/The_Chemists%27_Club" title="The Chemists' Club">The Chemists' Club</a> of New York.<sup id="cite_ref-CHOC6-2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC6-2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CHOC6-2b_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC6-2b-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemical_Heritage_Foundation">Chemical Heritage Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_History_Institute&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chemical Heritage Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 1, 1992, the National Foundation for History of Chemistry changed its name to the Chemical Heritage Foundation, in recognition of the international nature of chemical history.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryCHF_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryCHF-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CHOC9-2_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC9-2-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1994, the organization was searching for a permanent home for the Beckman Center and Othmer Library. One candidate was the <a href="/wiki/First_National_Bank_(Philadelphia)" title="First National Bank (Philadelphia)">First National Bank</a> building at 315 Chestnut Street, an <a href="/wiki/First_National_Bank_(Philadelphia)#Building" title="First National Bank (Philadelphia)">1866 masonry-and-brick structure</a> with a two-story <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_style_architecture" title="Palazzo style architecture">Palazzo</a> facade.<sup id="cite_ref-HABS_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HABS-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Miller_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CHOC11-2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC11-2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institution bought the bank building and nearby property in 1995, in part with a matching grant from Donald Othmer. Soon afterward, its endowment was expanded by a bequest from Othmer's estate.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chemical Heritage Foundation moved to 315 Chestnut Street on February 1, 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CHOC13-2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC13-2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The buildings were renovated by Richard Conway Meyer over the next few years.<sup id="cite_ref-ChemInt1998_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChemInt1998-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phase 1, providing temporary office space and book storage, was completed in 1998. Phase 2, a move to more permanent facilities, was completed in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-CH16-2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CH16-2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phase 3, construction of the adjoining Ullyot conference space for meetings and events, began soon after.<sup id="cite_ref-CH18-4_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CH18-4-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Creating_a_public_museum">Creating a public museum</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_History_Institute&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Creating a public museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CHF_P1000361_Chemical_Heritage_Foundation_Exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/CHF_P1000361_Chemical_Heritage_Foundation_Exterior.jpg/220px-CHF_P1000361_Chemical_Heritage_Foundation_Exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/CHF_P1000361_Chemical_Heritage_Foundation_Exterior.jpg/330px-CHF_P1000361_Chemical_Heritage_Foundation_Exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/CHF_P1000361_Chemical_Heritage_Foundation_Exterior.jpg/440px-CHF_P1000361_Chemical_Heritage_Foundation_Exterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption> Chemical Heritage Foundation building</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Old_Faithful%22_bakelite_cooker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%22Old_Faithful%22_bakelite_cooker.jpg/220px-%22Old_Faithful%22_bakelite_cooker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%22Old_Faithful%22_bakelite_cooker.jpg/330px-%22Old_Faithful%22_bakelite_cooker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/%22Old_Faithful%22_bakelite_cooker.jpg/440px-%22Old_Faithful%22_bakelite_cooker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption> "Old Faithful" bakelite cooker model, in museum</figcaption></figure> <p>Acquisition of a permanent building finally made it possible for the institution to develop "a public museum and display area".<sup id="cite_ref-CH12-2_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CH12-2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CH13-1_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CH13-1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One possible focus was the history of instrumentation. As early as 1989, the Beckman Center had requested the loan or gift of <a href="/wiki/Beckman_Instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="Beckman Instruments">Beckman Instruments</a> such as the Beckman <a href="/wiki/PH_meter" title="PH meter">pH meter</a> and the <a href="/wiki/DU_spectrophotometer" title="DU spectrophotometer">DU spectrophotometer</a> for display at the center.<sup id="cite_ref-CHOC6-3_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC6-3-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of those instruments were included in an instrumentation exhibition organized by W. Richard Howe of the University of Pittsburgh for the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Conference_on_Analytical_Chemistry_and_Applied_Spectroscopy" title="Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy">Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy</a> (PITTCON) in 1994, and expanded in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-CH17-1_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CH17-1-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1990s, inspired by John Ferraro, a committee was formed within the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Applied_Spectroscopy" title="Society for Applied Spectroscopy">Society for Applied Spectroscopy</a> (SAS), to pursue the creation of an instrumentation museum. Edward Brame and other members of that committee connected with Arnold Thackray and formed the nucleus of the institution's Chemical Instrumentation Museum Group (CIMG) in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-CHOC15-1_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC15-1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1997, on the recommendation of the CIMG, the Chemical Heritage Foundation's board approved a collections policy for the acquisition of "historically significant chemical instruments and apparatus".<sup id="cite_ref-CHOC15-1_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC15-1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instrumentation, however, was only one of several areas of interest as the institution began to expand its collections. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Alchemical_collections">Alchemical collections</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_History_Institute&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Alchemical collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Science History Institute is particularly interested in the origins of early science and chemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its varied holdings have considerable depth both in alchemical books and fine-art depictions of early modern alchemists.<sup id="cite_ref-Recipes_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recipes-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institution's collection of alchemy-related artwork, one of the largest in the world, builds upon two significant collections.<sup id="cite_ref-Australia_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Australia-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chester Garfield Fisher, founder of <a href="/wiki/Fisher_Scientific" title="Fisher Scientific">Fisher Scientific</a>, started collecting alchemical art in the 1920s. In 2000, his collection of alchemical paintings was donated by Fisher Scientific International to the Chemical Heritage Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-Woo2000_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woo2000-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Principe_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Principe-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CH18-2_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CH18-2-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, the institution received another gift from Roy Eddleman, founder of Spectrum Laboratories, whose collection contained paintings from the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-Morrissey_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morrissey-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together, the two collections contain more than 90 paintings and 200 works on paper illustrating the work of alchemists and their influence on the development of chemistry as a science.<sup id="cite_ref-Recipes_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recipes-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Instrument_collections">Instrument collections</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_History_Institute&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Instrument collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chemical Heritage Foundation's collections include such pioneering and landmark instruments as a 1934 <a href="/wiki/Beckman_Coulter" title="Beckman Coulter">Beckman</a> Model G pH Meter, a <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">DuPont</a> 900 Differential Thermal Analyzer, an early custom Electro-spray Ionization Mass Spectrometer used by <a href="/wiki/John_B._Fenn" title="John B. Fenn">John B. Fenn</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Arnaud2008_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arnaud2008-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a 1947 <a href="/wiki/Mettler_Toledo" title="Mettler Toledo">Mettler</a> B5 Single-Pan Balance, a 1963 <a href="/wiki/Perkin-Elmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Perkin-Elmer">Perkin-Elmer</a> Model 125 Infrared Grating Spectrophotometer, and a <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1980</span>'s Automated Peptide Synthesizer created by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Merrifield" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce Merrifield">Bruce Merrifield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Arnaud2008_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arnaud2008-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The foundation expanded its instrument collections slowly, mostly through donations of single instruments or small groups of instruments. In 2000, the CIMG was transformed into the Heritage Council Instruments and Artifacts Committee (HCIAC), which included staff and supporters and began meeting under founding chair W. Richard Howe.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, the institution was given hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_instrument" title="Scientific instrument">instruments</a> by Stephen P. DeFalco, president of <a href="/wiki/PerkinElmer" title="PerkinElmer">PerkinElmer</a>, after the company closed a plant in Überlingen, Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Perkin2002_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perkin2002-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CHM2008_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHM2008-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An interim exhibition of <i>Revolutionary Tools</i> was curated at the Chemical Heritage Foundation by David Brock, showing fifteen 20th-century instruments, including Arnold Beckman's pH meter.<sup id="cite_ref-Brock2002_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brock2002-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, a list of "50 Instruments That Changed the World" was identified as a basis for further expansion. In 2008, the institution released a list of its ten most wanted instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-Wanted2008_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wanted2008-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="The_Arnold_O._Beckman_Permanent_Exhibit_and_the_Clifford_C._Hach_Gallery">The Arnold O. Beckman Permanent Exhibit and the Clifford C. Hach Gallery</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_History_Institute&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The Arnold O. Beckman Permanent Exhibit and the Clifford C. Hach Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gallery_of_Sci_Hist_Inst_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Gallery_of_Sci_Hist_Inst_jeh.jpg/220px-Gallery_of_Sci_Hist_Inst_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Gallery_of_Sci_Hist_Inst_jeh.jpg/330px-Gallery_of_Sci_Hist_Inst_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Gallery_of_Sci_Hist_Inst_jeh.jpg/440px-Gallery_of_Sci_Hist_Inst_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4357" data-file-height="2905" /></a><figcaption>Exhibition gallery of the Science History Institute</figcaption></figure> <p>As early as 1996, the Chemical Heritage Foundation had envisioned a broadly-based museum of chemical progress in which instruments would have "a major, but not exclusive role".<sup id="cite_ref-CHOC13-2b_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHOC13-2b-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That vision was followed when Peter Saylor of <a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Dagit,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Charles E. Dagit, Jr.">Dagit•Saylor Architects</a> created the public museum and conference space.<sup id="cite_ref-CHM2008_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHM2008-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Skyline_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skyline-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Arnold O. Beckman Permanent Exhibit and the Clifford C. Hach Gallery for rotating exhibitions opened in 2008. The <a href="/wiki/Arnold_O._Beckman" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold O. Beckman">Arnold O. Beckman</a> permanent exhibition, <i>Making Modernity</i>, was designed by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Appelbaum_Associates" title="Ralph Appelbaum Associates">Ralph Appelbaum Associates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CHM2008_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHM2008-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been described as an "art gallery for science", and showcases objects from the institution's widely varying collections. "The instruments are only a fraction of the objects on display. The exhibition also includes books, documents, and artwork from CHF's collection, as well as an array of consumer products."<sup id="cite_ref-Arnaud2008_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arnaud2008-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exhibition is organized around thematic arcs illustrative of the history of science, particularly chemistry. Displays include the influence of alchemy in early chemistry, the development of the first plastics, the development of brilliantly colored synthetic dyes, scientific advocacy for public health in the 19th and 20th centuries, and the teaching of chemistry through books and chemistry sets.<sup id="cite_ref-CHM2008_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHM2008-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_History_Institute">Science History Institute</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_History_Institute&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Science History Institute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 1, 2015, the Chemical Heritage Foundation merged with the <a href="/wiki/Life_Sciences_Foundation" title="Life Sciences Foundation">Life Sciences Foundation</a>, also founded by Arnold Thackray.<sup id="cite_ref-History_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Merger_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merger-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recognizing that the joint organization's interests extended beyond the field of chemistry, the organization began a two-year renaming process, whose outcome required the agreement of its founding partners, the <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Chemical_Engineers" title="American Institute of Chemical Engineers">American Institute of Chemical Engineers</a>. On February 1, 2018, the organization was renamed the Science History Institute, to reflect its wider range of historical interests, extending from the chemical sciences and engineering to the life sciences and biotechnology.<sup id="cite_ref-Salisbury_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salisbury-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leaders">Leaders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_History_Institute&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Thackray" title="Arnold Thackray">Arnold Thackray</a>, the institution's first president, was awarded the 1983 <a href="/wiki/Dexter_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Dexter Award">Dexter Award</a> for his contributions to the history of chemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-DexterThackray_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DexterThackray-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baykoucheva_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baykoucheva-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thackray was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Tritton" title="Thomas R. Tritton">Thomas R. Tritton</a>, under whose leadership (2008–2013) the history of science museum opened to the public in its present location, and the fellowship program expanded.<sup id="cite_ref-CEN2007_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEN2007-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-CHF-retirement_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHF-retirement-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a global search, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carsten_Reinhardt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carsten Reinhardt (page does not exist)">Carsten Reinhardt</a>, a professor of the history of science from <a href="/wiki/Bielefeld_University" title="Bielefeld University">Bielefeld University</a>, Germany, was chosen in August 2013 as president and CEO of the organization.<sup id="cite_ref-CP-Reinhardt_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CP-Reinhardt-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, Reinhardt returned to Germany, and his place was taken by interim president <a href="/wiki/Robert_G._W._Anderson" title="Robert G. W. Anderson">Robert G. W. Anderson</a>. On January 11, 2017, it was announced that Anderson would take the job permanently.<sup id="cite_ref-Everts_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Everts-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of May 20, 2020, David Allen Cole, previously executive director of the <a href="/wiki/Hagley_Museum_and_Library" title="Hagley Museum and Library">Hagley Museum and Library</a>, became president and CEO.<sup id="cite_ref-Cole_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cole-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arnold_Thackray_at_podium_ID2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arnold Thackray"><img alt="Arnold Thackray" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Arnold_Thackray_at_podium_ID2005.jpg/120px-Arnold_Thackray_at_podium_ID2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Arnold_Thackray_at_podium_ID2005.jpg/180px-Arnold_Thackray_at_podium_ID2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Arnold_Thackray_at_podium_ID2005.jpg/240px-Arnold_Thackray_at_podium_ID2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2125" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arnold Thackray</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TomTritton_2011_Heritage_Day.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tom Tritton"><img alt="Tom Tritton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/TomTritton_2011_Heritage_Day.jpg/120px-TomTritton_2011_Heritage_Day.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/TomTritton_2011_Heritage_Day.jpg/180px-TomTritton_2011_Heritage_Day.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/TomTritton_2011_Heritage_Day.jpg/240px-TomTritton_2011_Heritage_Day.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tom Tritton</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carsten_Reinhardt_018.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Carsten Reinhardt"><img alt="Carsten Reinhardt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Carsten_Reinhardt_018.JPG/80px-Carsten_Reinhardt_018.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Carsten_Reinhardt_018.JPG/120px-Carsten_Reinhardt_018.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Carsten_Reinhardt_018.JPG/160px-Carsten_Reinhardt_018.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="5760" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Carsten Reinhardt</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Anderson_Historian_MoMM_DL_036.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Anderson"><img alt="Robert Anderson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Robert_Anderson_Historian_MoMM_DL_036.JPG/80px-Robert_Anderson_Historian_MoMM_DL_036.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Robert_Anderson_Historian_MoMM_DL_036.JPG/119px-Robert_Anderson_Historian_MoMM_DL_036.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Robert_Anderson_Historian_MoMM_DL_036.JPG/159px-Robert_Anderson_Historian_MoMM_DL_036.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1859" data-file-height="2800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Robert Anderson</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collections">Collections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_History_Institute&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RCA_Model_EMT3_desktop_electron_microscope_2003_033_006.tf.TIF" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/RCA_Model_EMT3_desktop_electron_microscope_2003_033_006.tf.TIF/lossy-page1-220px-RCA_Model_EMT3_desktop_electron_microscope_2003_033_006.tf.TIF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/RCA_Model_EMT3_desktop_electron_microscope_2003_033_006.tf.TIF/lossy-page1-330px-RCA_Model_EMT3_desktop_electron_microscope_2003_033_006.tf.TIF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/RCA_Model_EMT3_desktop_electron_microscope_2003_033_006.tf.TIF/lossy-page1-440px-RCA_Model_EMT3_desktop_electron_microscope_2003_033_006.tf.TIF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>An RCA Model EMT3 Desktop electron microscope in 1950</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bakelite_Buttons_2007.068_(66948).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bakelite_Buttons_2007.068_%2866948%29.jpg/220px-Bakelite_Buttons_2007.068_%2866948%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bakelite_Buttons_2007.068_%2866948%29.jpg/330px-Bakelite_Buttons_2007.068_%2866948%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Bakelite_Buttons_2007.068_%2866948%29.jpg/440px-Bakelite_Buttons_2007.068_%2866948%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="606" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Catalin" title="Catalin">Catalin</a> buttons</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:THC_2003.902.116_Charging_the_Experimental_Blast_Furnace.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/THC_2003.902.116_Charging_the_Experimental_Blast_Furnace.tif/lossy-page1-220px-THC_2003.902.116_Charging_the_Experimental_Blast_Furnace.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/THC_2003.902.116_Charging_the_Experimental_Blast_Furnace.tif/lossy-page1-330px-THC_2003.902.116_Charging_the_Experimental_Blast_Furnace.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/THC_2003.902.116_Charging_the_Experimental_Blast_Furnace.tif/lossy-page1-440px-THC_2003.902.116_Charging_the_Experimental_Blast_Furnace.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="2087" /></a><figcaption>The experimental blast furnace at the Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory</figcaption></figure> <p>The Science History Institute holds many collections relevant to the history of chemistry. </p> <ul><li>The Othmer Library: In 2004, the Othmer Library became the steward of the Roy G. Neville Historical Chemical Library, which represents one of the most comprehensive single deposits of books on the history of chemistry in the world. Roughly 6,000 titles in all, the Neville collection comprises materials that date from the late 15th century to the early 20th century and includes many of the most important works in the history of science and technology from this period.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Center for Oral History: The Center for Oral History at the Science History Institute aims to create a collection of comprehensive, professionally edited interviews with leading figures in chemistry and related fields.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Archives: The Science History Institute collects, preserves, describes, and makes available the unique, unpublished materials that document the past 200 years of scientific history. The institute actively collects archival materials from outstanding scientists, industries, and professional organizations. Spanning over 5,000 linear shelf feet, these collections are a major attraction for scholars of the history of chemical and molecular sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Photographs: The Science History Institute's Image Archive contains an extensive collection of photographic prints, negatives, and slides reflecting the chemical history of the past century. The institute currently holds more than 20,000 images of notable chemists, laboratories, industrial scenes, historic gatherings, and chemical artifacts. These images hold considerable interest for scholars, journalists, and publishers who are active in chemistry-related fields. Informal snapshots and personal photos capture notable scientists at work and at play, such as the polymer chemists <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Carothers" title="Wallace Carothers">Wallace Carothers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Shipp_Marvel" title="Carl Shipp Marvel">Carl Shipp Marvel</a> on a fishing trip and chemical engineer <a href="/wiki/Donald_Othmer" title="Donald Othmer">Donald Othmer</a> and his wife on their wedding day. Highlights include: <ul><li>Williams Haynes Portrait Collection: nearly 1,000 formal portraits of important chemists from the early 1900s</li> <li>Travis Hignett Collection: images from the Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory (1920–1950)</li> <li>Joseph Labovsky Collection: the history of nylon</li> <li>Dow Historical Collection: 20th-century industrial images <sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Fine Art: Strengths of the Science History Institute's fine-art collection include the Fisher Scientific International Collection and the Roy Eddleman Collection, more than 90 paintings and 200 works on paper that unmask the world of the alchemists. In their pursuit of the elusive philosophers' stone, alchemists created a body of knowledge about the material world through experiments and lab work, setting the stage for modern chemistry. Other highlights of the fine-art collection include oil paintings depicting such early modern chemical activities as distillation and metallurgy and watercolors showing the production process of the textile <a href="/wiki/Ramie" title="Ramie">ramie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FA_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FA-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Artifacts: The Science History Institute collects three-dimensional artifacts to create a representative group of material-culture objects that can be used as resources for both research and exhibition. The institute holds a variety of historical artifacts related to chemistry and chemical education, including instrumentation. It has one of the best public collections of chemistry sets, with approximately 100 different sets from all over the world, including Australia and Germany. Other special artifact collections include The Beauty of <a href="/wiki/Bakelite" title="Bakelite">Bakelite</a> and Chemistry and Fashion. Highlights include the Beckman IR-1 <a href="/wiki/Spectrophotometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectrophotometer">spectrophotometer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Fenn_(chemist)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Fenn (chemist)">John Fenn</a>'s electrospray mass spectrometer and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Merrifield" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce Merrifield">Bruce Merrifield</a>'s solid-phase peptide synthesizer.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 189px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pandora,_das_ist_1582_Die_Gab_Gottes_p_247_AQ5_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pandora, das ist, Die edleste Gab Gottes, 1582"><img alt="Pandora, das ist, Die edleste Gab Gottes, 1582" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Pandora%2C_das_ist_1582_Die_Gab_Gottes_p_247_AQ5_%282%29.jpg/133px-Pandora%2C_das_ist_1582_Die_Gab_Gottes_p_247_AQ5_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Pandora%2C_das_ist_1582_Die_Gab_Gottes_p_247_AQ5_%282%29.jpg/200px-Pandora%2C_das_ist_1582_Die_Gab_Gottes_p_247_AQ5_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Pandora%2C_das_ist_1582_Die_Gab_Gottes_p_247_AQ5_%282%29.jpg/266px-Pandora%2C_das_ist_1582_Die_Gab_Gottes_p_247_AQ5_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="5616" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Pandora, das ist, Die edleste Gab Gottes</i>, 1582</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 189px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Alchemist%E2%80%99s_Experiment_Takes_Fire_1687_CHF_fa_2000.001.276.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Alchemist's Experiment Takes Fire, 1687"><img alt="The Alchemist's Experiment Takes Fire, 1687" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/The_Alchemist%E2%80%99s_Experiment_Takes_Fire_1687_CHF_fa_2000.001.276.JPG/154px-The_Alchemist%E2%80%99s_Experiment_Takes_Fire_1687_CHF_fa_2000.001.276.JPG" decoding="async" width="154" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/The_Alchemist%E2%80%99s_Experiment_Takes_Fire_1687_CHF_fa_2000.001.276.JPG/231px-The_Alchemist%E2%80%99s_Experiment_Takes_Fire_1687_CHF_fa_2000.001.276.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/The_Alchemist%E2%80%99s_Experiment_Takes_Fire_1687_CHF_fa_2000.001.276.JPG/308px-The_Alchemist%E2%80%99s_Experiment_Takes_Fire_1687_CHF_fa_2000.001.276.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6200" data-file-height="7635" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Alchemist's Experiment Takes Fire</i>, 1687</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 189px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trouble_Comes_to_the_Alchemist_FA_2000.001.269.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Trouble Comes to the Alchemist"><img alt="Trouble Comes to the Alchemist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Trouble_Comes_to_the_Alchemist_FA_2000.001.269.jpg/139px-Trouble_Comes_to_the_Alchemist_FA_2000.001.269.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Trouble_Comes_to_the_Alchemist_FA_2000.001.269.jpg/208px-Trouble_Comes_to_the_Alchemist_FA_2000.001.269.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Trouble_Comes_to_the_Alchemist_FA_2000.001.269.jpg/278px-Trouble_Comes_to_the_Alchemist_FA_2000.001.269.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1042" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Trouble Comes to the Alchemist</i></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distillations"><i>Distillations</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_History_Institute&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Distillations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Science History Institute's magazine, <i>Distillations</i>, appeared in print three times a year until 2019, when content became digital-only. As an online resource, it continues to present stories about the history of science for a popular readership. <i>Distillations</i> first appeared in spring 2015, as a publication of the Chemical Heritage Foundation. It was predated by the <i>Chemical Heritage Magazine</i>, published as a quarterly by the Chemical Heritage Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-distillations_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-distillations-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fellowships">Fellowships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_History_Institute&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Fellowships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Science History Institute offers many fellowships-in-residence, of varying lengths.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_History_Institute&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Science History Institute presents a number of annual awards to recognize outstanding contributions to science and technology by researchers, business leaders and entrepreneurs.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The annual Heritage Day Awards honor achievements in science and technology and comprise the <a href="/wiki/Othmer_Gold_Medal" title="Othmer Gold Medal">Othmer Gold Medal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Othmer_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Othmer-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Bolte_Sr._Award" title="Richard J. Bolte Sr. Award">Richard J. Bolte Sr. Award for Supporting Industries</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bolte_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bolte-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/The_Chemists%27_Club" title="The Chemists' Club">The Chemists' Club</a> of New York, the <a href="/wiki/Winthrop-Sears_Medal" title="Winthrop-Sears Medal">Winthrop-Sears Medal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Winthrop-Sears_Medal_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winthrop-Sears_Medal-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The annual Affiliate Partnership Awards, presented in conjunction with affiliate organizations, recognize achievement with the <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_Heritage_Award" title="Biotechnology Heritage Award">Biotechnology Heritage Award</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Biotechnology_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biotechnology-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Franklin-Lavoisier Prize,<sup id="cite_ref-Franklin_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franklin-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Petrochemical_Heritage_Award" title="Petrochemical Heritage Award">Petrochemical Heritage Award</a><sup id="cite_ref-Petrochemical_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petrochemical-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Pittcon_Heritage_Award" title="Pittcon Heritage Award">Pittcon Heritage Award</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pittcon_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pittcon-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Roy_G._Neville_Prize" title="Roy G. Neville Prize">Roy G. Neville Prize</a> in Bibliography or Biography recognizes a biographical work in the field of chemical or molecular science. Established in 2006, the prize is awarded biennially.<sup id="cite_ref-Neville_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neville-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_History_Institute&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burndy_Library" title="Burndy Library">Burndy Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Collection_of_Historical_Scientific_Instruments" title="Harvard Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments">Harvard Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullyot_Public_Affairs_Lecture" title="Ullyot Public Affairs Lecture">Ullyot Public Affairs Lecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipple_Museum_of_the_History_of_Science" title="Whipple Museum of the History of Science">Whipple Museum of the History of Science</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_History_Institute&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Heritage+Foundation&rft.atitle=Arnold+O.+Beckman+and+CHF%3A+A+Brief+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemheritage.org%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fchf-founders%2F2012-08-27-arnold-beckman.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hundred-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hundred_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold_ThackrayMinor_Myers_Jr.2000" class="citation book cs1">Arnold Thackray; Minor Myers Jr. (2000). <i>Arnold O. Beckman : one hundred years of excellence</i>. foreword by James D. Watson. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chemical+Heritage+Foundation+Names+Carsten+Reinhardt+CEO&rft.pub=Chemical+Processing&rft.date=2013-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemicalprocessing.com%2Findustrynews%2F2013%2Fchemical-heritage-foundation-names-carsten-reinhardt-president-and-ceo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Everts-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Everts_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEverts2017" class="citation news cs1">Everts, Sarah (January 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cen.acs.org/articles/95/web/2017/01/Chemical-Heritage-Foundation-names-Robert-G-W-Anderson-as-president-and-CEO.html">"Chemical Heritage Foundation names Robert G. W. Anderson as president and CEO The former director of London's British Museum will take permanent helm of the chemical history organization"</a>. <i>Chemical & Engineering News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+%26+Engineering+News&rft.atitle=Chemical+Heritage+Foundation+names+Robert+G.+W.+Anderson+as+president+and+CEO+The+former+director+of+London%27s+British+Museum+will+take+permanent+helm+of+the+chemical+history+organization&rft.date=2017-01-12&rft.aulast=Everts&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcen.acs.org%2Farticles%2F95%2Fweb%2F2017%2F01%2FChemical-Heritage-Foundation-names-Robert-G-W-Anderson-as-president-and-CEO.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cole-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cole_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/potmsearch/detail/submission/6484010/David_Cole">"David Cole President and CEO at Science History Institute"</a>. <i>People on the Move</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=People+on+the+Move&rft.atitle=David+Cole+President+and+CEO+at+Science+History+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fphiladelphia%2Fpotmsearch%2Fdetail%2Fsubmission%2F6484010%2FDavid_Cole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/news/david-cole-named-president-and-ceo">"David Allen Cole Named President and CEO of the Science History Institute"</a>. <i>Science History Institute</i>. 18 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+History+Institute&rft.atitle=David+Allen+Cole+Named+President+and+CEO+of+the+Science+History+Institute&rft.date=2020-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Fnews%2Fdavid-cole-named-president-and-ceo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/rare-books">"Rare Books"</a>. <i>Science History Institute</i>. 2016-06-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+History+Institute&rft.atitle=Rare+Books&rft.date=2016-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Frare-books&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oh.sciencehistory.org/">"Center for Oral History"</a>. <i>Science History Institute</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+History+Institute&rft.atitle=Center+for+Oral+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foh.sciencehistory.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/archives">"Archives"</a>. <i>Science History Institute</i>. 2016-05-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+History+Institute&rft.atitle=Archives&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Farchives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/photographs">"Photographs"</a>. <i>Science History Institute</i>. 2016-05-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+History+Institute&rft.atitle=Photographs&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Fphotographs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FA-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FA_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/fine-art">"Fine Art"</a>. <i>Science History Institute</i>. 2016-05-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+History+Institute&rft.atitle=Fine+Art&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Ffine-art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/objects">"Objects"</a>. <i>Science History Institute</i>. 2016-05-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+History+Institute&rft.atitle=Objects&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Fobjects&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-distillations-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-distillations_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/about">"Distillations: About"</a>. Science History Institute. 2016-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Distillations%3A+About&rft.pub=Science+History+Institute&rft.date=2016-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Fdistillations%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/fellowships">"Fellowships"</a>. <i>Science History Institute</i>. 2016-05-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+History+Institute&rft.atitle=Fellowships&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Ffellowships&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/awards-program">"Science History Institute Awards Program"</a>. <i>Science History Institute</i>. 2016-06-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+History+Institute&rft.atitle=Science+History+Institute+Awards+Program&rft.date=2016-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Fawards-program&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Othmer-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Othmer_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/othmer-gold-medal">"Othmer Gold Medal"</a>. <i>Science History Institute</i>. 2016-05-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+History+Institute&rft.atitle=Othmer+Gold+Medal&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Fothmer-gold-medal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bolte-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bolte_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/richard-j-bolte-sr-award-for-supporting-industries">"Richard J. Bolte Sr. Award for Supporting Industries"</a>. <i>Science History Institute</i>. 2016-05-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+History+Institute&rft.atitle=Richard+J.+Bolte+Sr.+Award+for+Supporting+Industries&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Frichard-j-bolte-sr-award-for-supporting-industries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winthrop-Sears_Medal-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winthrop-Sears_Medal_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/winthrop-sears-medal">"Winthrop-Sears Medal"</a>. <i>Science History Institute</i>. 2016-05-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+History+Institute&rft.atitle=Winthrop-Sears+Medal&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Fwinthrop-sears-medal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biotechnology-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Biotechnology_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/biotechnology-heritage-award">"Biotechnology Heritage Award"</a>. <i>Science History Institute</i>. 2016-05-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+History+Institute&rft.atitle=Biotechnology+Heritage+Award&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Fbiotechnology-heritage-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franklin-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franklin_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/franklin-lavoisier-prize">"Franklin-Lavoisier Prize"</a>. <i>Science History Institute</i>. 2016-05-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+History+Institute&rft.atitle=Franklin-Lavoisier+Prize&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Ffranklin-lavoisier-prize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Petrochemical-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Petrochemical_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/petrochemical-heritage-award">"Petrochemical Heritage Award"</a>. <i>Science History Institute</i>. 2016-05-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+History+Institute&rft.atitle=Petrochemical+Heritage+Award&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Fpetrochemical-heritage-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pittcon-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pittcon_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/pittcon-heritage-award">"Pittcon Heritage Award"</a>. <i>Science History Institute</i>. 2016-05-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+History+Institute&rft.atitle=Pittcon+Heritage+Award&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Fpittcon-heritage-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neville-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Neville_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/roy-g-neville-prize">"Roy G. Neville Prize in Bibliography or Biography"</a>. <i>Science History Institute</i>. 2016-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+History+Institute&rft.atitle=Roy+G.+Neville+Prize+in+Bibliography+or+Biography&rft.date=2016-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Froy-g-neville-prize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AScience+History+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_History_Institute&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Philadelphia" title="History of Philadelphia">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Philadelphia" title="Timeline of Philadelphia">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_English" title="Philadelphia English">Accent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Philadelphia" title="Architecture of Philadelphia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Philadelphia" title="Bibliography of Philadelphia">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_based_in_the_Philadelphia_area" title="List of companies based in the Philadelphia area">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Philadelphia" title="Cuisine of Philadelphia">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Philadelphia" title="Culture of Philadelphia">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Philadelphia" title="Demographics of Philadelphia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Philadelphia" title="Economy of Philadelphia">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Philadelphia" title="Education in Philadelphia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Philadelphia" title="Media in Philadelphia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Philadelphia" title="Music of Philadelphia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Philadelphia" title="List of people from Philadelphia">Notable people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_riots_in_Philadelphia" title="List of riots in Philadelphia">Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Philadelphia" title="List of tourist attractions in Philadelphia">Sites of interest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Philadelphia" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Philadelphia">Historic Landmarks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Philadelphia" title="List of tallest buildings in Philadelphia">Skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Philadelphia" title="Transportation in Philadelphia">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FACF0B; color: #115AAC;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia#Law_and_government" title="Philadelphia">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_City_Hall" title="Philadelphia City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Philadelphia" title="Mayor of Philadelphia">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_City_Council" title="Philadelphia City Council">City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Attorney_of_Philadelphia" title="District Attorney of Philadelphia">District Attorney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_International_Airport" title="Philadelphia International Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Fire_Department" title="Philadelphia Fire Department">Fire Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Library_of_Philadelphia" title="Free Library of Philadelphia">Free Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Police_Department" title="Philadelphia Police Department">Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_District_of_Philadelphia" title="School District of Philadelphia">School district</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FACF0B; color: #115AAC;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Philadelphia_neighborhoods" title="List of Philadelphia neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_City,_Philadelphia" title="Center City, Philadelphia">Center City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Philadelphia" title="North Philadelphia">North Philadelphia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_North_Philadelphia" title="Lower North Philadelphia">Lower North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_North_Philadelphia" title="Upper North Philadelphia">Upper North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olney-Oak_Lane,_Philadelphia" title="Olney-Oak Lane, Philadelphia">Olney-Oak Lane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Philadelphia" title="Northeast Philadelphia">Northeast Philadelphia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Wards,_Philadelphia" title="River Wards, Philadelphia">River Wards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Philadelphia" title="Northwest Philadelphia">Northwest Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Philadelphia" title="South Philadelphia">South Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Philadelphia" title="Southwest Philadelphia">Southwest Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Philadelphia" title="West Philadelphia">West Philadelphia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FACF0B; color: #115AAC;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Philadelphia" title="List of museums in Philadelphia">Museums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Natural_Sciences_of_Drexel_University" title="Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University">Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_Museum_in_Philadelphia" title="African American Museum in Philadelphia">African American Museum in Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Swedish_Historical_Museum" title="American Swedish Historical Museum">American Swedish Historical Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_of_Philadelphia" title="Athenaeum of Philadelphia">Athenaeum of Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnes_Foundation" title="Barnes Foundation">Barnes Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartram%27s_Garden" title="Bartram's Garden">Bartram's Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont_Mansion_(Philadelphia)" title="Belmont Mansion (Philadelphia)">Belmont Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Ross_House" title="Betsy Ross House">Betsy Ross House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_War_Museum_of_Philadelphia" title="Civil War Museum of Philadelphia">Civil War Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliveden_(Benjamin_Chew_House)" title="Cliveden (Benjamin Chew House)">Cliveden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_State_Penitentiary" title="Eastern State Penitentiary">Eastern State Penitentiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Maxwell_House" title="Ebenezer Maxwell House">Ebenezer Maxwell Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe_National_Historic_Site" title="Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site">Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfreth%27s_Alley" title="Elfreth's Alley">Elfreth's Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fabric_Workshop_and_Museum" title="The Fabric Workshop and Museum">Fabric Workshop and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairmount_Water_Works" title="Fairmount Water Works">Fairmount Water Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mifflin" title="Fort Mifflin">Fort Mifflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Institute" title="Franklin Institute">Franklin Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germantown_White_House" title="Germantown White House">Germantown White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Foerd_on_the_Delaware" title="Glen Foerd on the Delaware">Glen Foerd on the Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruan_House" title="John Ruan House">Grand Army of the Republic Civil War Museum and Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumblethorpe" title="Grumblethorpe">Grumblethorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill%E2%80%93Physick%E2%80%93Keith_House" title="Hill–Physick–Keith House">Hill–Physick–Keith House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Strawberry_Mansion" title="Historic Strawberry Mansion">Historic Strawberry Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Society_of_Frankford" title="Historical Society of Frankford">Historical Society of Frankford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania" title="Historical Society of Pennsylvania">Historical Society of Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_National_Historical_Park" title="Independence National Historical Park">Independence National Historical Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Seaport_Museum" title="Independence Seaport Museum">Independence Seaport Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insectarium_(Philadelphia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Insectarium (Philadelphia)">Insectarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Art,_Philadelphia" title="Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia">Institute of Contemporary Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Johnson_House_(Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania)" title="John Johnson House (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)">John Johnson House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruan_House" title="John Ruan House">John Ruan House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Salle_University_Art_Museum" title="La Salle University Art Museum">La Salle University Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_Hill" title="Lemon Hill">Lemon Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson_House" title="Marian Anderson House">Marian Anderson Residence Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Pennsylvania#The_Masonic_Temple,_Library,_and_Museum" title="Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania">Masonic Temple, Library, and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Museum of the American Revolution">Museum of the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCtter_Museum" title="Mütter Museum">Mütter Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Constitution_Center" title="National Constitution Center">National Constitution Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberty_Museum" title="National Liberty Museum">National Liberty Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_American_Jewish_History" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of American Jewish History">National Museum of American Jewish History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Academy_of_the_Fine_Arts" title="Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts">Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_History_Museum" title="Philadelphia History Museum">Philadelphia History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia%27s_Magic_Gardens" title="Philadelphia's Magic Gardens">Philadelphia's Magic Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Please_Touch_Museum" title="Please Touch Museum">Please Touch Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powel_House" title="Powel House">Powel House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_RittenhouseTown" title="Historic RittenhouseTown">RittenhouseTown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodin_Museum" title="Rodin Museum">Rodin Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenbach_Museum_and_Library" title="Rosenbach Museum and Library">Rosenbach Museum and Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryerss_Mansion" title="Ryerss Mansion">Ryerss Museum and Library</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Science History Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shofuso_Japanese_House_and_Garden" title="Shofuso Japanese House and Garden">Shofuso Japanese House and Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stenton_(mansion)" title="Stenton (mansion)">Stenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Kosciuszko_National_Memorial" title="Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial">Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_Museum" title="Penn Museum">Penn Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Free_Institute_of_Science" title="Wagner Free Institute of Science">Wagner Free Institute of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodmere_Art_Museum" title="Woodmere Art Museum">Woodmere Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyck_House" title="Wyck House">Wyck House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FACF0B; color: #115AAC;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Philadelphia" title="Sports in Philadelphia">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_76ers" title="Philadelphia 76ers">76ers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Eagles" title="Philadelphia Eagles">Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers" title="Philadelphia Flyers">Flyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Freedoms" title="Philadelphia Freedoms">Freedoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Phillies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Union" title="Philadelphia Union">Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FACF0B; color: #115AAC;;width:1%">Squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dilworth_Park" title="Dilworth Park">Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Square_(Philadelphia)" title="Franklin Square (Philadelphia)">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logan_Circle_(Philadelphia)" title="Logan Circle (Philadelphia)">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rittenhouse_Square" title="Rittenhouse Square">Rittenhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_(Philadelphia)" title="Washington Square (Philadelphia)">Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FACF0B; color: #115AAC;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Delaware Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpenters%27_Hall" title="Carpenters' Hall">Carpenters' Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Hall" title="Congress Hall">Congress Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_United_States" title="SS United States">SS <i>United States</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">Philadelphia Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Third_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit">United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FACF0B; color: #115AAC;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Philadelphia" title="Category:Philadelphia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Philadelphia" title="Portal:Philadelphia">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Science History Institute"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2021104345">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16931028s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16931028s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Chemical Heritage Foundation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2010557072&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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