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id="toc-Fire_extinguisher" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire_extinguisher"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Fire extinguisher </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fire_extinguisher-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neutralization_of_acids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neutralization_of_acids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Neutralization of acids </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neutralization_of_acids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports_supplement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_supplement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Sports supplement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_supplement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Agriculture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_uses_and_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_uses_and_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 Medical uses and health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_uses_and_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Personal_hygiene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_hygiene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9.1 Personal hygiene </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_hygiene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veterinary_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veterinary_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9.2 Veterinary uses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Veterinary_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cleaning_agent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cleaning_agent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10 Cleaning agent </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cleaning_agent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odor_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odor_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.11 Odor control </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odor_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.12 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Chemistry </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Chemistry subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Thermal_decomposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thermal_decomposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Thermal decomposition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thermal_decomposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_occurrence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_occurrence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Natural occurrence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_occurrence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stability_and_shelf_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stability_and_shelf_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Stability and shelf life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stability_and_shelf_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Production </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Production subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Mining </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Sodium bicarbonate</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 82 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" > 82 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumbikarbonaat" title="Natriumbikarbonaat – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Natriumbikarbonaat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="بيكربونات الصوديوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيكربونات الصوديوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonatu_de_sodiu" title="Bicarbonatu de sodiu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bicarbonatu de sodiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrium-hidrokarbonat" title="Natrium-hidrokarbonat – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Natrium-hidrokarbonat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="بیکربونات سودیوم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیکربونات سودیوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F" title="সোডিয়াম বাইকার্বনেট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সোডিয়াম বাইকার্বনেট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tho%C3%A0%E2%81%BF-sng_ch%C3%BAi-s%C3%B2%CD%98_natrium" title="Thoàⁿ-sng chúi-sò͘ natrium – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thoàⁿ-sng chúi-sò͘ natrium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Натриев бикарбонат – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Натриев бикарбонат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrij-hidrogenkarbonat" title="Natrij-hidrogenkarbonat – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Natrij-hidrogenkarbonat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrogencarbonat_de_sodi" title="Hidrogencarbonat de sodi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hidrogencarbonat de sodi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Апат соди – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Апат соди" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenuhli%C4%8Ditan_sodn%C3%BD" title="Hydrogenuhličitan sodný – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hydrogenuhličitan sodný" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiwm_deucarbonad" title="Sodiwm deucarbonad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sodiwm deucarbonad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natron" title="Natron – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Natron" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumhydrogencarbonat" title="Natriumhydrogencarbonat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Natriumhydrogencarbonat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naatriumvesinikkarbonaat" title="Naatriumvesinikkarbonaat – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Naatriumvesinikkarbonaat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Όξινο ανθρακικό νάτριο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όξινο ανθρακικό νάτριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbon%C3%AA_%27d_sodi" title="Bicarbonê 'd sodi – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Bicarbonê 'd sodi" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonato_de_sodio" title="Bicarbonato de sodio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bicarbonato de sodio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natria_bikarbonato" title="Natria bikarbonato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Natria bikarbonato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodio_bikarbonato" title="Sodio bikarbonato – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sodio bikarbonato" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سدیم هیدروژن‌کربنات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سدیم هیدروژن‌کربنات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonate_de_sodium" title="Bicarbonate de sodium – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bicarbonate de sodium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidrigincharb%C3%B3n%C3%A1it_s%C3%B3idiam" title="Hidrigincharbónáit sóidiam – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hidrigincharbónáit sóidiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonato_de_sodio" title="Bicarbonato de sodio – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bicarbonato de sodio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%96%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8B_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BE" title="ખાવાનો સોડા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ખાવાનો સોડા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%82%B0%EC%88%98%EC%86%8C_%EB%82%98%ED%8A%B8%EB%A5%A8" title="탄산수소 나트륨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탄산수소 나트륨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BF" title="Նատրիումի հիդրոկարբոնատ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նատրիումի հիդրոկարբոնատ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="सोडियम बाईकार्बोनेट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सोडियम बाईकार्बोनेट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrijev_hidrogenkarbonat" title="Natrijev hidrogenkarbonat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Natrijev hidrogenkarbonat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrium_bikarbonat" title="Natrium bikarbonat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Natrium bikarbonat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonato_de_Sodium" title="Bicarbonato de Sodium – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bicarbonato de Sodium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matars%C3%B3di" title="Matarsódi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Matarsódi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonato_di_sodio" title="Bicarbonato di sodio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bicarbonato di sodio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="סודה לשתייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סודה לשתייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda_kuw%C3%A9" title="Soda kuwé – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Soda kuwé" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%82_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%88_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸೋಡಿಯಂ ಬೈ ಕಾರ್ಬೋನೇಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೋಡಿಯಂ ಬೈ ಕಾರ್ಬೋನೇಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Ас содасы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ас содасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magadi_(kemikali)" title="Magadi (kemikali) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Magadi (kemikali)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Натрий карбонаты – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Натрий карбонаты" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%81trija_hidrog%C4%93nkarbon%C4%81ts" title="Nātrija hidrogēnkarbonāts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nātrija hidrogēnkarbonāts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrio_hidrokarbonatas" title="Natrio hidrokarbonatas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Natrio hidrokarbonatas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1trium-hidrog%C3%A9n-karbon%C3%A1t" title="Nátrium-hidrogén-karbonát – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nátrium-hidrogén-karbonát" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Натриум бикарбонат – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Натриум бикарбонат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="സോഡിയം ബൈകാർബണേറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സോഡിയം ബൈകാർബണേറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrium_bikarbonat" title="Natrium bikarbonat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Natrium bikarbonat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumwaterstofcarbonaat" title="Natriumwaterstofcarbonaat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Natriumwaterstofcarbonaat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%82%AD%E9%85%B8%E6%B0%B4%E7%B4%A0%E3%83%8A%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="炭酸水素ナトリウム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="炭酸水素ナトリウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naatriumh%C3%BCdrogeenkarbonaat" title="Naatriumhüdrogeenkarbonaat – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Naatriumhüdrogeenkarbonaat" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natron" title="Natron – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Natron" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natron" title="Natron – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Natron" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrogenocarbonat_de_s%C3%B2di" title="Idrogenocarbonat de sòdi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Idrogenocarbonat de sòdi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A0%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਿੱਠਾ ਸੋਡਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿੱਠਾ ਸੋਡਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%B9%DA%BE%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%88%D8%A7" title="مٹھا سوڈا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مٹھا سوڈا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wodorow%C4%99glan_sodu" title="Wodorowęglan sodu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wodorowęglan sodu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonato_de_s%C3%B3dio" title="Bicarbonato de sódio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bicarbonato de sódio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicarbonat_de_sodiu" title="Bicarbonat de sodiu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bicarbonat de sodiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гидрокарбонат натрия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гидрокарбонат натрия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikarbonati_i_natriumit" title="Bikarbonati i natriumit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bikarbonati i natriumit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A" title="සෝඩියම් බයිකාබනේට් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සෝඩියම් බයිකාබනේට්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate" title="Sodium bicarbonate – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sodium bicarbonate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenuhli%C4%8Ditan_sodn%C3%BD" title="Hydrogenuhličitan sodný – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hydrogenuhličitan sodný" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrijev_hidrogenkarbonat" title="Natrijev hidrogenkarbonat – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Natrijev hidrogenkarbonat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadiyom_bicarbonate" title="Saadiyom bicarbonate – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Saadiyom bicarbonate" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrijum_hidrogenkarbonat" title="Natrijum hidrogenkarbonat – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Natrijum hidrogenkarbonat" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrijum_hidrogenkarbonat" title="Natrijum hidrogenkarbonat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Natrijum hidrogenkarbonat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumvetykarbonaatti" title="Natriumvetykarbonaatti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Natriumvetykarbonaatti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natriumv%C3%A4tekarbonat" title="Natriumvätekarbonat – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Natriumvätekarbonat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_bicarbonate" title="Sodium bicarbonate – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sodium bicarbonate" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="சோடியம் பைகார்பனேட்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சோடியம் பைகார்பனேட்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="సోడియం బైకార్బొనేట్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సోడియం బైకార్బొనేట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95" title="โซเดียมไบคาร์บอเนต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โซเดียมไบคาร์บอเนต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodyum_bikarbonat" title="Sodyum bikarbonat – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sodyum bikarbonat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8E" title="Гідрокарбонат натрію – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гідрокарбонат натрію" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%B9%DA%BE%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%88%DA%88%D8%A7" title="میٹھا سوڈا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میٹھا سوڈا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natri_bicarbonat" title="Natri bicarbonat – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Natri bicarbonat" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">Sodium carbonate</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the leavening agent of which baking soda is a common ingredient, see <a href="/wiki/Baking_powder" title="Baking powder">Baking powder</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1084375498">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>Sodium bicarbonate </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/File:SodiumBicarbonate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/SodiumBicarbonate.svg/121px-SodiumBicarbonate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="121" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/SodiumBicarbonate.svg/182px-SodiumBicarbonate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/SodiumBicarbonate.svg/242px-SodiumBicarbonate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="76" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="borderless" style="text-align:center"> <table border="0" style="width:100%;display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-right:1px solid #aaa; width:50%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sodium-3D.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ball and stick model of a sodium cation"><img alt="Ball and stick model of a sodium cation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sodium-3D.png/110px-Sodium-3D.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sodium-3D.png/165px-Sodium-3D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Sodium-3D.png/220px-Sodium-3D.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Ball and stick model of a sodium cation</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:50%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bicarbonate-ion-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ball and stick model of a bicarbonate anion"><img alt="Ball and stick model of a bicarbonate anion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bicarbonate-ion-3D-balls.png/110px-Bicarbonate-ion-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bicarbonate-ion-3D-balls.png/165px-Bicarbonate-ion-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Bicarbonate-ion-3D-balls.png/220px-Bicarbonate-ion-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="895" /></a><figcaption>Ball and stick model of a bicarbonate anion</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-2x2x2-3D-bs-17.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-2x2x2-3D-bs-17.png/220px-Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-2x2x2-3D-bs-17.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-2x2x2-3D-bs-17.png/330px-Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-2x2x2-3D-bs-17.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-2x2x2-3D-bs-17.png/440px-Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-2x2x2-3D-bs-17.png 2x" data-file-width="2741" data-file-height="2395" /></a> <div style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">Crystal structure</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="borderless" style="text-align:center"> <table border="0" style="width:100%;display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-right:1px solid #aaa; width:50%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-Na-coord-3D-bs-17.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-Na-coord-3D-bs-17.png/110px-Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-Na-coord-3D-bs-17.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-Na-coord-3D-bs-17.png/165px-Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-Na-coord-3D-bs-17.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-Na-coord-3D-bs-17.png/220px-Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-Na-coord-3D-bs-17.png 2x" data-file-width="2303" data-file-height="2330" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div style="text-align:center">Na+ <a href="/wiki/Coordination_geometry" title="Coordination geometry">coordination</a></div> </td> <td style="width:50%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-HCO3-coord-3D-bs-17.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-HCO3-coord-3D-bs-17.png/150px-Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-HCO3-coord-3D-bs-17.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-HCO3-coord-3D-bs-17.png/225px-Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-HCO3-coord-3D-bs-17.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-HCO3-coord-3D-bs-17.png/300px-Sodium-bicarbonate-xtal-HCO3-coord-3D-bs-17.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1597" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div style="text-align:center">HCO3− coordination</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Names </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">sodium hydrogencarbonate</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other names <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Baking soda, bicarb (laboratory slang), bicarbonate of soda, <a href="/wiki/Nahcolite" title="Nahcolite">nahcolite</a>, natrium hydrogen carbonate, natron</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=144-55-8">144-55-8</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=%5BNa%2B%5D.OC%28%5BO-%5D%29%3DO">Interactive image</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Beilstein_database" title="Beilstein database">Beilstein Reference</a></div> </td> <td>4153970 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=32139">CHEBI:32139</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL1353">ChEMBL1353</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.8609.html">8609</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01390">DB01390</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard">ECHA InfoCard</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.005.122">100.005.122</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179731#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Community_number" title="European Community number">EC Number</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>205-633-8</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/E_number" title="E number">E number</a> </td> <td>E500(ii) <a href="/wiki/E_number#E500–E599" title="E number">(acidity regulators, ...)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/IUPHAR/BPS" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPHAR/BPS">IUPHAR/BPS</a></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?tab=summary&ligandId=4507">4507</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C12603">C12603</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?mode=&term=Sodium+bicarbonate">Sodium+bicarbonate</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/516892">516892</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RTECS" class="mw-redirect" title="RTECS">RTECS number</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>VZ0950000</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/8MDF5V39QO">8MDF5V39QO</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> (<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID9021269">DTXSID9021269</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179731#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/CH2O3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1 <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y</div></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1/CH2O3.Na/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-REWHXWOFAQ</div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">[Na+].OC([O-])=O</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div> </td> <td>NaHCO 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a> </td> <td>84.0066 g mol−1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Appearance </td> <td>White crystals </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Odor" title="Odor">Odor</a> </td> <td>Odorless </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>2.20 g/cm3<a href="#cite_note-crc-1">[1]</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a> </td> <td>(Decomposes to <a href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">sodium carbonate</a> starting at 50 °C<a href="#cite_note-crc-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">Solubility in water</a></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>69 g/L (0 °C)<a href="#cite_note-crc3-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-UNEP-3">[3]</a></li><li>96 g/L (20 °C)<a href="#cite_note-crc3-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-UNEP-3">[3]</a></li><li>165 g/L (60 °C)<a href="#cite_note-crc3-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-UNEP-3">[3]</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Solubility" title="Solubility">Solubility</a> </td> <td>0.02 wt% acetone, 2.13 wt% methanol @22 °C.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> insoluble in <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Partition_coefficient" title="Partition coefficient">log P</a> </td> <td>−0.82 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant" title="Acid dissociation constant">Acidity</a> (pKa) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>6.34<a href="#cite_note-crc4-5">[5]</a></li><li>6.351 (carbonic acid)<a href="#cite_note-crc4-5">[5]</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Refractive_index" title="Refractive index">Refractive index</a> (nD)</div> </td> <td>nα = 1.377 nβ = 1.501 nγ = 1.583 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Structure </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">Crystal structure</a></div> </td> <td>Monoclinic </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Thermochemistry </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Heat_capacity" title="Heat capacity">Heat capacity</a> (C)</div> </td> <td>87.6 J/mol K<a href="#cite_note-crc2-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_molar_entropy" title="Standard molar entropy">Std molar entropy</a> (S⦵298)</div> </td> <td>101.7 J/mol K<a href="#cite_note-crc2-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_enthalpy_change_of_formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard enthalpy change of formation">Std enthalpy of formation</a> (ΔfH⦵298)</div> </td> <td>−950.8 kJ/mol<a href="#cite_note-crc2-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy#Standard_energy_change_of_formation" title="Gibbs free energy">Gibbs free energy</a> (ΔfG⦵)</div> </td> <td>−851.0 kJ/mol<a href="#cite_note-crc2-7">[7]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Pharmacology </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_Therapeutic_Chemical_Classification_System" title="Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System">ATC code</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ATC_code_B05" title="ATC code B05">B05CB04</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=B05CB04">WHO</a>) <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_B05" title="ATC code B05">B05XA02</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=B05XA02">WHO</a>), <a href="/wiki/ATC_code_G04" title="ATC code G04">QG04BQ01</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atcvet/atcvet_index/?code=QG04BQ01">WHO</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Route_of_administration" title="Route of administration">Routes of administration</a></div> </td> <td>Intravenous, oral </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Hazards </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;"><a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Occupational safety and health</a> (OHS/OSH): </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main hazards</div> </td> <td>Causes serious eye irritation </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704">NFPA 704</a> (fire diamond) </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1170367383">.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-ref{float:right;padding:1px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container{width:82px;font-family:sans-serif;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container-ref{float:left;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-images{float:left;font-size:20px;text-align:center;position:relative;height:80px;width:80px;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-map{position:absolute;height:80px;width:80px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond .noresize{margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code{line-height:1em;text-align:center;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code>a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-blue{width:13px;top:31px;left:15px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-red{width:12px;top:12px;left:35px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-yellow{width:13px;top:31px;left:54px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-image{position:relative;top:51px;left:0}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;line-height:80%;position:absolute;top:52px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text a>span{position:absolute;color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wors{font-size:15px;width:23px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wox{font-size:15px;font-stretch:condensed;width:21px;line-height:80%;top:-4px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-abcp{font-size:13.5px;font-stretch:condensed;width:28px;left:26px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-ac{font-size:10px;width:30px;left:25px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-strike{text-decoration:line-through}</style><div class="nfpa-704-diamond notheme"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-container"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-images nounderlines"> <div class="nfpa-704-diamond-map"><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="NFPA 704 four-colored diamond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/80px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/120px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/160px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" usemap="#ImageMap_d27e9ea14ebdeff9" /><map name="ImageMap_d27e9ea14ebdeff9"><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" shape="poly" coords="23,23,47,47,23,70,0,47" alt="Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform" title="Health 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroform" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" shape="poly" coords="47,0,70,23,47,47,23,23" alt="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" title="Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" shape="poly" coords="70,23,94,47,70,70,47,47" alt="Instability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calcium" title="Instability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calcium" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#White" shape="poly" coords="47,47,70,70,47,94,23,70" alt="Special hazards (white): no code" title="Special hazards (white): no code" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-blue"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" title="NFPA 704">2</a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-red"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" title="NFPA 704">0</a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-yellow"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" title="NFPA 704">1</a></div></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flash_point" title="Flash point">Flash point</a> </td> <td>Incombustible </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;">Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">LD50 (<a href="/wiki/Lethal_dose#LD50" title="Lethal dose">median dose</a>)</div> </td> <td>4220 mg/kg (rat, oral)<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Safety_data_sheet" title="Safety data sheet">Safety data sheet</a> (SDS) </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090306164850/http://siri.org/msds/f2/bdm/bdmjw.html">External MSDS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Related compounds </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Other <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">anions</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">Sodium carbonate</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Other <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">cations</a></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammonium_bicarbonate" title="Ammonium bicarbonate">Ammonium bicarbonate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_bicarbonate" title="Potassium bicarbonate">Potassium bicarbonate</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related compounds</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_bisulfate" title="Sodium bisulfate">Sodium bisulfate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydrogen_phosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium hydrogen phosphate">Sodium hydrogen phosphate</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"><div style="text-align:center;"><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/12px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/24px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=476996774&page2=Sodium+bicarbonate">verify</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">what is</a> <img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y<img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" />N ?) </div></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cupcake2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Cupcake2020.jpg/220px-Cupcake2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Cupcake2020.jpg/330px-Cupcake2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Cupcake2020.jpg/440px-Cupcake2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Cupcakes baked with baking soda as a raising agent</figcaption></figure> Sodium bicarbonate (<a href="/wiki/IUPAC_name" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC name">IUPAC name</a>: sodium hydrogencarbonate<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>), commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">chemical compound</a> with the formula NaHCO3. It is a <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">salt</a> composed of a <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a> <a href="/wiki/Cation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cation">cation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Na+</a>) and a <a href="/wiki/Bicarbonate" title="Bicarbonate">bicarbonate</a> <a href="/wiki/Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">anion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bicarbonate" title="Bicarbonate">HCO3−</a>). Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is <a href="/wiki/Crystal" title="Crystal">crystalline</a> but often appears as a fine powder. It has a slightly salty, <a href="/wiki/Alkaline" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline">alkaline</a> taste resembling that of washing soda (<a href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">sodium carbonate</a>). The natural mineral form is <a href="/wiki/Nahcolite" title="Nahcolite">nahcolite</a>, although it is more commonly found as a component of the mineral <a href="/wiki/Trona" title="Trona">trona</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-10">[10]</a> As it has long been known and widely used, the salt has many different names such as baking soda, bread soda, cooking soda, brewing soda and bicarbonate of soda and can often be found near <a href="/wiki/Baking_powder" title="Baking powder">baking powder</a> in stores. The term baking soda is more common in the United States, while bicarbonate of soda is more common in Australia, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Abbreviated colloquial forms such as sodium bicarb, bicarb soda, bicarbonate, and bicarb are common.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> The prefix bi- in "bicarbonate" comes from an outdated naming system predating molecular knowledge. It is based on the observation that there is twice as much carbonate (CO3−2) per sodium in sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as there is in sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The modern chemical formulas of these compounds now express their precise chemical compositions which were unknown when the name bi-carbonate of potash was coined (see also: <a href="/wiki/Bicarbonate" title="Bicarbonate">bicarbonate</a>). <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Uses">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooking">Cooking</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cooking">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Leavening_agent" title="Leavening agent">Leavening agent</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook">Cookbook</a> has a recipe/module on <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left: 1.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Baking_Soda" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Cookbook:Baking Soda"> Baking Soda</a></li></ul> </div></div></div> </div> In cooking, baking soda is primarily used in <a href="/wiki/Baking" title="Baking">baking</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Leavening_agent" title="Leavening agent">leavening agent</a>. When it reacts with acid or is heated, carbon dioxide is released, which causes expansion of the batter and forms the characteristic texture and grain in cakes, <a href="/wiki/Quick_bread" title="Quick bread">quick breads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soda_bread" title="Soda bread">soda bread</a>, and other baked and fried foods. When an acid is used, the <a href="/wiki/Acid%E2%80%93base_reaction" title="Acid–base reaction">acid–base reaction</a> can be generically represented as follows:<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <dl><dd>NaHCO3 + H+ → Na+ + CO2 + H2O</dd></dl> Acidic materials that induce this reaction include <a href="/wiki/Monohydrogen_phosphate" title="Monohydrogen phosphate">hydrogen phosphates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cream_of_tartar" class="mw-redirect" title="Cream of tartar">cream of tartar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">lemon</a> juice, <a href="/wiki/Yogurt" title="Yogurt">yogurt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buttermilk" title="Buttermilk">buttermilk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_solids" title="Cocoa solids">cocoa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</a>. Baking soda may be used together with <a href="/wiki/Sourdough" title="Sourdough">sourdough</a>, which is acidic, making a lighter product with a less acidic taste.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Since the reaction occurs slowly at room temperature, mixtures (cake batter, etc.) can be allowed to stand without rising until they are heated in the oven.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Heat can also by itself cause sodium bicarbonate to act as a raising agent in baking because of <a href="/wiki/Thermal_decomposition" title="Thermal decomposition">thermal decomposition</a>, releasing carbon dioxide at temperatures above 80 °C (180 °F), as follows:<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <dl><dd>2 NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2</dd></dl> When used this way on its own, without the presence of an acidic component (whether in the batter or by the use of a baking powder containing acid), only half the available CO2 is released (one CO2 molecule is formed for every two equivalents of NaHCO3). Additionally, in the absence of acid, thermal decomposition of sodium bicarbonate also produces <a href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">sodium carbonate</a>, which is strongly alkaline and gives the baked product a bitter, soapy taste and a yellow color. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Baking_powder">Baking powder</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Baking powder">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Baking_powder" title="Baking powder">Baking powder</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Baking_powder" title="Baking powder">Baking powder</a>, also sold for cooking, contains around 30% of bicarbonate, and various acidic ingredients that are activated by the addition of water, without the need for additional acids in the cooking medium.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Many forms of baking powder contain sodium bicarbonate combined with <a href="/wiki/Calcium_acid_phosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcium acid phosphate">calcium acid phosphate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_aluminium_phosphate" title="Sodium aluminium phosphate">sodium aluminium phosphate</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Cream_of_tartar" class="mw-redirect" title="Cream of tartar">cream of tartar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Baking soda is alkaline; the acid used in baking powder avoids a metallic taste when the chemical change during baking creates sodium carbonate.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food_additive">Food additive</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Food additive">edit</a>]</div> It is often used in conjunction with other <a href="/wiki/Bottled_water" title="Bottled water">bottled water</a> <a href="/wiki/Food_additive" title="Food additive">food additives</a> to add taste.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Its <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> <a href="/wiki/E_number" title="E number">E number</a> is E500.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pyrotechnics">Pyrotechnics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pyrotechnics">edit</a>]</div> Sodium bicarbonate is one of the main components of the common <a href="/wiki/Black_snake_(firework)" title="Black snake (firework)">"black snake" firework</a>. The effect is caused by the thermal decomposition, which produces carbon dioxide gas to produce a long snake-like ash as a combustion product of the other main component, <a href="/wiki/Sucrose" title="Sucrose">sucrose</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MEL_Science-24">[24]</a> Sodium bicarbonate also delays combustion reactions through the release of carbon dioxide and water, both of which are flame retardants, when heated. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mild_disinfectant">Mild disinfectant</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mild disinfectant">edit</a>]</div> It has weak <a href="/wiki/Disinfectant" title="Disinfectant">disinfectant</a> properties<a href="#cite_note-Malik-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> and it may be an effective <a href="/wiki/Fungicide" title="Fungicide">fungicide</a> against some organisms.<a href="#cite_note-Zamani-27">[27]</a> As baking soda will absorb musty smells, it has become a reliable method for <a href="/wiki/Used_book" title="Used book">used booksellers</a> when making books less malodorous.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fire_extinguisher">Fire extinguisher</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fire extinguisher">edit</a>]</div> Sodium bicarbonate can be used to extinguish small grease or electrical fires by being thrown over the fire, as heating of sodium bicarbonate releases carbon dioxide.<a href="#cite_note-arm-29">[29]</a> However, it should not be applied to fires in <a href="/wiki/Deep_fryer" title="Deep fryer">deep fryers</a>; the sudden release of gas may cause the grease to splatter.<a href="#cite_note-arm-29">[29]</a> Sodium bicarbonate is used in BC <a href="/wiki/Fire_extinguishers#Dry_chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire extinguishers">dry chemical</a> <a href="/wiki/Fire_extinguishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire extinguishers">fire extinguishers</a> as an alternative to the more corrosive <a href="/wiki/Monoammonium_phosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoammonium phosphate">monoammonium phosphate</a> in ABC extinguishers. The alkaline nature of sodium bicarbonate makes it the only dry chemical agent, besides <a href="/wiki/Purple-K" title="Purple-K">Purple-K</a>, that was used in large-scale fire suppression systems installed in commercial kitchens.<a href="#cite_note-:0-30">[30]</a> Sodium bicarbonate has several fire-extinguishing mechanisms that act simultaneously. It decomposes into water and carbon dioxide when heated, an <a href="/wiki/Endothermic_process" title="Endothermic process">endothermic reaction</a> that deprives the fire of heat. In addition, it forms intermediates that can scavenge the <a href="/wiki/Radical_(chemistry)" title="Radical (chemistry)">free radicals</a> which are responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Combustion#Reaction_mechanism" title="Combustion">propagation of fire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-31">[31]</a> With <a href="/wiki/Class_B_fire" title="Class B fire">grease fires</a> specifically, it also has a mild <a href="/wiki/Saponification" title="Saponification">saponification</a> effect, producing a soapy foam that can help smother the fire.<a href="#cite_note-:0-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neutralization_of_acids">Neutralization of acids</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Neutralization of acids">edit</a>]</div> Sodium bicarbonate reacts spontaneously with acids, releasing CO2 gas as a reaction product. It is commonly used to neutralize unwanted acid solutions or acid spills in chemical laboratories.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> It is not appropriate to use sodium bicarbonate to neutralize base<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> even though it is <a href="/wiki/Amphoterism" title="Amphoterism">amphoteric</a>, reacting with both acids and bases.<a href="#cite_note-:3-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports_supplement">Sports supplement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sports supplement">edit</a>]</div> Sodium bicarbonate is taken as a sports supplement to improve muscular endurance.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Studies conducted mostly in males have shown that sodium bicarbonate is most effective in enhancing performance in short-term, high-intensity activities.<a href="#cite_note-pmid34794476-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Agriculture">edit</a>]</div> Sodium bicarbonate can prevent the growth of fungi when applied on leaves, although it will not kill the fungus. Excessive amounts of sodium bicarbonate can cause discolouration of fruits (two percent solution) and <a href="/wiki/Chlorosis" title="Chlorosis">chlorosis</a> (one percent solution).<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_uses_and_health">Medical uses and health</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Medical uses and health">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_sodium_bicarbonate" title="Intravenous sodium bicarbonate">Intravenous sodium bicarbonate</a></div> Sodium bicarbonate mixed with water can be used as an <a href="/wiki/Antacid" title="Antacid">antacid</a> to treat <a href="/wiki/Acid_indigestion" class="mw-redirect" title="Acid indigestion">acid indigestion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heartburn" title="Heartburn">heartburn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Its reaction with <a href="/wiki/Stomach_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Stomach acid">stomach acid</a> produces <a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">salt</a>, water, and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>: <dl><dd>NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2(g)</dd></dl> A mixture of sodium bicarbonate and <a href="/wiki/Polyethylene_glycol" title="Polyethylene glycol">polyethylene glycol</a> such as PegLyte,<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> dissolved in water and taken orally, is an effective <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_lavage" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastrointestinal lavage">gastrointestinal lavage</a> preparation and <a href="/wiki/Laxative" title="Laxative">laxative</a> prior to gastrointestinal surgery, <a href="/wiki/Gastroscopy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastroscopy">gastroscopy</a>, etc.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Intravenous_sodium_bicarbonate" title="Intravenous sodium bicarbonate">Intravenous sodium bicarbonate</a> in an aqueous solution is sometimes used for cases of <a href="/wiki/Acidosis" title="Acidosis">acidosis</a>, or when insufficient sodium or bicarbonate ions are in the blood.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In cases of respiratory acidosis, the infused bicarbonate ion drives the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer of plasma to the left, and thus raises the pH. For this reason, sodium bicarbonate is used in medically supervised <a href="/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_resuscitation" title="Cardiopulmonary resuscitation">cardiopulmonary resuscitation</a>. Infusion of bicarbonate is indicated only when the blood <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> is markedly low (< 7.1–7.0).<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> HCO3− is used for treatment of <a href="/wiki/Hyperkalemia" title="Hyperkalemia">hyperkalemia</a>, as it will drive K+ back into cells during periods of acidosis.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Since sodium bicarbonate can cause <a href="/wiki/Alkalosis" title="Alkalosis">alkalosis</a>, it is sometimes used to treat aspirin overdoses. Aspirin requires an acidic environment for proper absorption, and a basic environment will diminish aspirin absorption in cases of overdose.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Sodium bicarbonate has also been used in the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Tricyclic_antidepressant_overdose" title="Tricyclic antidepressant overdose">tricyclic antidepressant overdose</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid9142034-45">[45]</a> It can also be applied topically as a paste, with three parts baking soda to one part water, to relieve some kinds of insect bites and stings (as well as accompanying swelling).<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Some alternative practitioners, such as <a href="/wiki/Tullio_Simoncini" title="Tullio Simoncini">Tullio Simoncini</a>, have promoted baking soda as a cancer cure, which the American Cancer Society has warned against due to both its unproven effectiveness and potential danger in use.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <a href="/wiki/Edzard_Ernst" title="Edzard Ernst">Edzard Ernst</a> has called the promotion of sodium bicarbonate as a cancer cure "one of the more sickening alternative cancer scams I have seen for a long time".<a href="#cite_note-sick-48">[48]</a> Sodium bicarbonate can be added to <a href="/wiki/Local_anaesthetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Local anaesthetics">local anaesthetics</a>, to speed up the onset of their effects and make their injection less painful.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> It is also a component of <a href="/wiki/Moffett%27s_solution" title="Moffett's solution">Moffett's solution</a>, used in <a href="/wiki/Nose" title="Nose">nasal</a> surgery.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> It has been proposed that acidic diets weaken bones.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> One systematic meta-analysis of the research shows no such effect.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Another also finds that there is no evidence that alkaline diets improve bone health, but suggests that there "may be some value" to alkaline diets for other reasons.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <a href="/wiki/Antacid" title="Antacid">Antacid</a> (such as baking soda) solutions have been prepared and used by protesters to alleviate the effects of exposure to <a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">tear gas</a> during protests.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>]<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Similarly to its use in baking, sodium bicarbonate is used together with a mild acid such as <a href="/wiki/Tartaric_acid" title="Tartaric acid">tartaric acid</a> as the excipient in effervescent tablets: when such a tablet is dropped in a glass of water, the carbonate leaves the reaction medium as carbon dioxide gas (HCO3− + H+ → H2O + CO2↑ or, more precisely, HCO3− + H3O+ → 2 H2O + CO2↑). This makes the tablet disintegrate, leaving the medication suspended and/or dissolved in the water together with the resulting salt (in this example, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_tartrate" title="Sodium tartrate">sodium tartrate</a>).<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Personal_hygiene">Personal hygiene</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Personal hygiene">edit</a>]</div> Sodium bicarbonate is also used as an ingredient in some mouthwashes. It has anticaries and abrasive properties.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> It works as a mechanical cleanser on the teeth and gums, neutralizes the production of acid in the mouth, and also acts as an <a href="/wiki/Antiseptic" title="Antiseptic">antiseptic</a> to help prevent infections.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Sodium bicarbonate in combination with other ingredients can be used to make a dry or wet <a href="/wiki/Deodorant" title="Deodorant">deodorant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Sodium bicarbonate may be used as a <a href="/wiki/Buffer_solution" title="Buffer solution">buffering agent</a>, combined with table salt, when creating a solution for <a href="/wiki/Nasal_irrigation" title="Nasal irrigation">nasal irrigation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> It is used in eye hygiene to treat <a href="/wiki/Blepharitis" title="Blepharitis">blepharitis</a>. This is done by adding a teaspoon of sodium bicarbonate to cool water that was recently boiled followed by gentle scrubbing of the eyelash base with a cotton swab dipped in the solution.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Veterinary_uses">Veterinary uses</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Veterinary uses">edit</a>]</div> Sodium bicarbonate is used as a cattle feed supplement, in particular as a <a href="/wiki/Buffering_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffering agent">buffering agent</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Rumen" title="Rumen">rumen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cleaning_agent">Cleaning agent</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cleaning agent">edit</a>]</div> Sodium bicarbonate is used in a process to remove paint and corrosion called <a href="/wiki/Sodablasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodablasting">sodablasting</a>. As a blasting medium, sodium bicarbonate is used to remove surface contamination from softer and less resilient <a href="/wiki/Substrate_(materials_science)" title="Substrate (materials science)">substrates</a> such as aluminium, copper, or timber that could be damaged by silica sand abrasive media.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> A manufacturer recommends a paste made from baking soda with minimal water as a gentle scouring powder.<a href="#cite_note-arm-29">[29]</a> Such a paste can be useful in removing surface rust because the rust forms a water-soluble compound when in a concentrated alkaline solution.<a href="#cite_note-InorgChem-66">[66]</a> Cold water should be used since hot-water solutions can corrode steel.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Sodium bicarbonate attacks the thin protective oxide layer that forms on aluminium, making it unsuitable for cleaning this metal.<a href="#cite_note-PhilMus-68">[68]</a> A solution in warm water will remove the <a href="/wiki/Tarnish" title="Tarnish">tarnish</a> from silver when the silver is in contact with a piece of <a href="/wiki/Aluminium_foil" title="Aluminium foil">aluminium foil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-PhilMus-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Baking soda is commonly added to washing machines as a replacement for water softener and to remove odors from clothes. When diluted with warm water, it is also almost as effective in removing heavy tea and coffee stains from cups as <a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide">sodium hydroxide</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> to develop the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear bomb</a> in the early 1940s, the <a href="/wiki/Toxicity" title="Toxicity">chemical toxicity</a> of <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a> was an issue. <a href="/wiki/Uranium_oxide" title="Uranium oxide">Uranium oxides</a> were found to stick very well to <a href="/wiki/Cotton_cloth" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotton cloth">cotton cloth</a> and did not wash out with <a href="/wiki/Soap" title="Soap">soap</a> or <a href="/wiki/Laundry_detergent" title="Laundry detergent">laundry detergent</a>. However, the uranium would wash out with a 2% solution of sodium bicarbonate. Clothing can become contaminated with toxic dust of <a href="/wiki/Depleted_uranium" title="Depleted uranium">depleted uranium</a> (DU), which is very dense, hence it is used for counterweights in a civilian context and in armour-piercing projectiles. DU is not removed by normal laundering; washing with about 6 ounces (170 g) of baking soda in 2 gallons (7.5 L) of <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> will help wash it out.<a href="#cite_note-Orcutt-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Odor_control">Odor control</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Odor control">edit</a>]</div> It is often claimed that baking soda is an effective odor remover<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] and recommended that an open box be kept in the refrigerator to absorb odor.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> This idea was promoted by the leading U.S. brand of baking soda, <a href="/wiki/Arm_%26_Hammer" title="Arm & Hammer">Arm & Hammer</a>, in an advertising campaign starting in 1972.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Though this campaign is considered a classic of marketing, leading within a year to more than half of American refrigerators containing a box of baking soda,<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> there is little evidence that it is effective in this application.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> An educational science experiment known as the "Baking Soda and Vinegar Volcano" uses the acid-base reaction with <a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</a> acid to mimic a volcanic eruption. The rapid production of CO2 causes the liquid to foam up and overflow its container. Other ingredients such as dish soap and food coloring can be added to enhance the visual effect.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> If this reaction is performed inside of a closed vessel (such as a bottle) with no way for gas to escape, it can cause an <a href="/wiki/Explosion" title="Explosion">explosion</a> if the pressure is high enough. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Chemistry">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hydrogenuhli%C4%8Ditan_sodn%C3%BD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hydrogenuhli%C4%8Ditan_sodn%C3%BD.jpg/220px-Hydrogenuhli%C4%8Ditan_sodn%C3%BD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hydrogenuhli%C4%8Ditan_sodn%C3%BD.jpg/330px-Hydrogenuhli%C4%8Ditan_sodn%C3%BD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Hydrogenuhli%C4%8Ditan_sodn%C3%BD.jpg/440px-Hydrogenuhli%C4%8Ditan_sodn%C3%BD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9280" data-file-height="6944" /></a><figcaption>Sodium bicarbonate</figcaption></figure> Sodium bicarbonate is an <a href="/wiki/Amphoteric" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphoteric">amphoteric</a> compound.<a href="#cite_note-:3-34">[34]</a> Aqueous solutions are mildly <a href="/wiki/Alkaline" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline">alkaline</a> due to the formation of <a href="/wiki/Carbonic_acid" title="Carbonic acid">carbonic acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydroxide" title="Hydroxide">hydroxide</a> ion:<a href="#cite_note-:3-34">[34]</a> <dl><dd>HCO− 3 + H2O → H 2CO 3 + OH−</dd></dl> Sodium bicarbonate can sometimes be used as a mild <a href="/wiki/Neutralization_(chemistry)" title="Neutralization (chemistry)">neutralization</a> agent and a safer alternative to strong bases like <a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide">sodium hydroxide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-79">[79]</a> Reaction of sodium bicarbonate and an <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acid</a> produces a salt and carbonic acid, which readily decomposes to carbon dioxide and water:<a href="#cite_note-:2-79">[79]</a> <dl><dd>NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O+CO2</dd> <dd>H2CO3 → H2O + CO2(g)</dd></dl> Sodium bicarbonate reacts with <a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">acetic acid</a> (found in vinegar), producing <a href="/wiki/Sodium_acetate" title="Sodium acetate">sodium acetate</a>, water, and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>: <dl><dd>NaHCO3 + CH3COOH → CH3COONa + H2O + CO2(g)</dd></dl> Sodium bicarbonate reacts with <a href="/wiki/Base_(chemistry)" title="Base (chemistry)">bases</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide">sodium hydroxide</a> to form carbonates: <dl><dd>NaHCO3 + NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thermal_decomposition">Thermal decomposition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Thermal decomposition">edit</a>]</div> At temperatures from 80–100 °C (176–212 °F), sodium bicarbonate gradually decomposes into <a href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">sodium carbonate</a>, water, and carbon dioxide. The conversion is faster at 200 °C (392 °F):<a href="#cite_note-frostburg-80">[80]</a> <dl><dd>2 NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2</dd></dl> Most bicarbonates undergo this <a href="/wiki/Dehydration_reaction" title="Dehydration reaction">dehydration reaction</a>. Further heating converts the carbonate into the <a href="/wiki/Sodium_oxide" title="Sodium oxide">oxide</a> (above 850 °C/1,560 °F):<a href="#cite_note-frostburg-80">[80]</a> <dl><dd>Na2CO3 → Na2O + CO2</dd></dl> The generation of carbon dioxide and water partially explain the fire-extinguishing properties of NaHCO3,<a href="#cite_note-:0-30">[30]</a> although other factors like <a href="/wiki/Endothermic_process" title="Endothermic process">heat absorption</a> and radical <a href="/wiki/Scavenger_(chemistry)" title="Scavenger (chemistry)">scavenging</a> are more significant.<a href="#cite_note-:1-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natural_occurrence">Natural occurrence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Natural occurrence">edit</a>]</div> In nature, sodium bicarbonate occurs almost exclusively as either <a href="/wiki/Nahcolite" title="Nahcolite">nahcolite</a> or <a href="/wiki/Trona" title="Trona">trona</a>. Trona is more common, as nahcolite is more soluble in water and the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_equilibrium" title="Chemical equilibrium">chemical equilibrium</a> between the two minerals favors trona.<a href="#cite_note-:4-10">[10]</a> Significant nahcolite deposits are in the United States, Botswana and Kenya, Uganda, Turkey, and Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> The biggest trona deposits are in the <a href="/wiki/Green_River_(Colorado_River_tributary)" title="Green River (Colorado River tributary)">Green River</a> basin in Wyoming.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Nahcolite is sometimes found as a component of <a href="/wiki/Oil_shale" title="Oil shale">oil shale</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stability_and_shelf_life">Stability and shelf life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Stability and shelf life">edit</a>]</div> If kept cool (<a href="/wiki/Room_temperature" title="Room temperature">room temperature</a>) and dry (an airtight container is recommended to keep out moist air), sodium bicarbonate can be kept without a significant amount of decomposition for at least two or three years.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> The word natron has been in use in many languages throughout <a href="/wiki/Modern_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern history">modern times</a> (in the forms of anatron, natrum and natron) and originated (like <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> natron as well as '<a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a>') via Arabic naṭrūn (or anatrūn; cf. the Lower Egyptian “Natrontal” <a href="/wiki/Wadi_El_Natrun" title="Wadi El Natrun">Wadi El Natrun</a>, where a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">sodium carbonate</a> and sodium hydrogen carbonate for the dehydration of <a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">mummies</a> was used <a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a>) from Greek nítron (νίτρον) (Herodotus; Attic lítron (λίτρον)), which can be traced back to ancient Egyptian ntr. The Greek nítron (soda, saltpeter) was also used in Latin (sal) nitrum and in German Salniter (the source of Nitrogen, Nitrat etc.).<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The word saleratus, from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> sal æratus (meaning "aerated salt"), was widely used in the 19th century for both sodium bicarbonate and <a href="/wiki/Potassium_bicarbonate" title="Potassium bicarbonate">potassium bicarbonate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In 1791, French chemist <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Leblanc" title="Nicolas Leblanc">Nicolas Leblanc</a> produced sodium carbonate (also known as soda ash). Pharmacist <a href="/wiki/Valentin_Rose_(pharmacologist)" title="Valentin Rose (pharmacologist)">Valentin Rose the Younger</a> is credited with the discovery of sodium bicarbonate in 1801 in Berlin. In 1846, two American bakers, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Dwight_(manufacturer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Dwight (manufacturer) (page does not exist)">John Dwight</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austin_Church" title="Austin Church">Austin Church</a>, established the first factory in the United States to produce baking soda from sodium carbonate and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Saleratus, potassium or sodium bicarbonate, is mentioned in the novel <a href="/wiki/Captains_Courageous" title="Captains Courageous">Captains Courageous</a> by <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a> as being used extensively in the 1800s in commercial fishing to prevent freshly caught fish from spoiling.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In 1919, <a href="/wiki/Lee_Slater_Overman" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee Slater Overman">US Senator Lee Overman</a> declared that bicarbonate of soda could cure the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">Spanish flu</a>. In the midst of the debate on 26 January 1919, he interrupted the discussion to announce the discovery of a cure. "I want to say, for the benefit of those who are making this investigation," he reported, "that I was told by a judge of a superior court in the mountain country of North Carolina they have discovered a remedy for this disease." The purported cure implied a critique of modern science and an appreciation for the simple wisdom of simple people. "They say that common baking soda will cure the disease," he continued, "that they have cured it with it, that they have no deaths up there at all; they use common baking soda, which cures the disease."<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a>]</div> Sodium bicarbonate is produced industrially from <a href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">sodium carbonate</a>:<a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-95">[95]</a> <dl><dd>Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2 NaHCO3</dd></dl> It is produced on the scale of about 100,000 tonnes/year (as of 2001) [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Sodium_bicarbonate#Production_figure" title="Talk:Sodium bicarbonate">discuss</a>]<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> with a worldwide production capacity of 2.4 million tonnes per year (as of 2002).<a href="#cite_note-ESAPA-97">[97]</a> Commercial quantities of baking soda are also produced by a similar method: soda ash, mined in the form of the ore <a href="/wiki/Trona" title="Trona">trona</a>, is dissolved in water and treated with carbon dioxide. Sodium bicarbonate precipitates as a solid from this solution.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Regarding the <a href="/wiki/Solvay_process" title="Solvay process">Solvay process</a>, sodium bicarbonate is an intermediate in the reaction of <a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">sodium chloride</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>. The product however shows low purity (75pc).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">NaCl</a> + <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">CO2</a> + <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">NH3</a> + <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">H2O</a> → NaHCO3 + <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_chloride" title="Ammonium chloride">NH4Cl</a></dd></dl> Although of no practical value, NaHCO3 may be obtained by the reaction of carbon dioxide with an <a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">aqueous solution</a> of sodium hydroxide:[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <dl><dd>CO2 + NaOH → NaHCO3</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mining">Mining</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Mining">edit</a>]</div> Naturally occurring deposits of <a href="/wiki/Nahcolite" title="Nahcolite">nahcolite</a> (NaHCO3) are found in the <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a>-age (55.8–33.9 Mya) <a href="/wiki/Green_River_Formation" title="Green River Formation">Green River Formation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piceance_Basin" title="Piceance Basin">Piceance Basin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>. Nahcolite was deposited as beds during periods of high evaporation in the basin. It is commercially mined using common underground mining techniques such as bore, drum, and longwall mining in a fashion very similar to coal mining.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] It is also produced by solution mining, pumping heated water through nahcolite beds and crystallizing the dissolved nahcolite through a cooling crystallization process. Since nahcolite is sometimes found in <a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">shale</a>, it can be produced as a co-product of <a href="/wiki/Shale_oil_extraction" title="Shale oil extraction">shale oil extraction</a>, where it is recovered by solution mining.<a href="#cite_note-:5-83">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> Sodium bicarbonate, as "bicarbonate of soda", was a frequent source of punch lines for <a href="/wiki/Groucho_Marx" title="Groucho Marx">Groucho Marx</a> in <a href="/wiki/Marx_Brothers" title="Marx Brothers">Marx Brothers</a> movies. In <a href="/wiki/Duck_Soup_(1933_film)" title="Duck Soup (1933 film)">Duck Soup</a>, Marx plays the leader of a nation at war. In one scene, he receives a message from the battlefield that his general is reporting a gas attack, and Groucho tells his aide: "Tell him to take a teaspoonful of bicarbonate of soda and a half a glass of water."<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> In <a href="/wiki/A_Night_at_the_Opera_(film)" title="A Night at the Opera (film)">A Night at the Opera</a>, Groucho's character addresses the opening night crowd at an opera by saying of the lead tenor: "Signor Lassparri comes from a very famous family. His mother was a well-known bass singer. His father was the first man to stuff spaghetti with bicarbonate of soda, thus causing and curing indigestion at the same time."<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> In the Joseph L. Mankewicz classic <a href="/wiki/All_About_Eve" title="All About Eve">All About Eve</a>, the Max Fabian character (<a href="/wiki/Gregory_Ratoff" title="Gregory Ratoff">Gregory Ratoff</a>) has an extended scene with Margo Channing (<a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a>) in which, suffering from heartburn, he requests and then drinks bicarbonate of soda, eliciting a prominent burp. Channing promises to always keep a box of bicarb with Max's name on it. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonic_acid" title="Carbonic acid">Carbonic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ineffective_cancer_treatments" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ineffective cancer treatments">List of ineffective cancer treatments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minerals" title="List of minerals">List of minerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natron" title="Natron">Natron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_bicarbonate" title="Potassium bicarbonate">Potassium bicarbonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trona" title="Trona">Trona</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-crc-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crc_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-crc_1-1">b</a> Haynes, p. 4.90 </li> <li id="cite_note-crc3-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crc3_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-crc3_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-crc3_2-2">c</a> Haynes, p. 5.194 </li> <li id="cite_note-UNEP-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNEP_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNEP_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNEP_3-2">c</a> <style 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Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a24_299">10.1002/14356007.a24_299</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3527306730" title="Special:BookSources/3527306730"><bdi>3527306730</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sodium+Carbonates&rft.btitle=Ullmann%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&rft.place=Weinheim&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a24_299&rft.isbn=3527306730&rft.aulast=Thieme&rft.aufirst=Christian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollemanWiberg2001" class="citation book cs1">Holleman AF, Wiberg E (2001). Inorganic Chemistry. San Diego: Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-12-352651-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-12-352651-5"><bdi>0-12-352651-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.place=San+Diego&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-12-352651-5&rft.aulast=Holleman&rft.aufirst=AF&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESAPA-97"><a href="#cite_ref-ESAPA_97-0">^</a> Page 45, section 3.6.2.1 of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080407001754/http://www.cefic.be/files/Publications/ESAPA_Soda_Ash_Process_BREF3.pdf">"Process Best Practices Reference Document (BREF) for Soda Ash,"</a> report produced by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cefic.be/templates/shwAssocDetails.asp?NID=473&HID=27&ID=60">European Soda Ash Producer's Association</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061003115649/http://www.cefic.be/templates/shwAssocDetails.asp?NID=473&HID=27&ID=60">Archived</a> 3 October 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, March 2004. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0023969/trivia?tab=qt">"Duck Soup (1933)"</a>. IMDb. Retrieved 4 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Duck+Soup+%281933%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0023969%2Ftrivia%3Ftab%3Dqt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0026778/trivia?tab=qt&ref_=tt_trv_qu">"A Night at the Opera (1935)"</a>. IMDb. Retrieved 4 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=A+Night+at+the+Opera+%281935%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0026778%2Ftrivia%3Ftab%3Dqt%26ref_%3Dtt_trv_qu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaynes2011" class="citation book cs1">Haynes WM, ed. (2011). <a href="/wiki/CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a> (92nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1439855119" title="Special:BookSources/978-1439855119"><bdi>978-1439855119</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.edition=92nd&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1439855119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASodium+bicarbonate" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_bicarbonate&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sodium_bicarbonate" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sodium bicarbonate">Sodium bicarbonate</a>.</div></div> 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_compounds" title="Sodium compounds">Sodium compounds</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inorganic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Halides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_fluoride" title="Sodium fluoride">NaF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_bifluoride" title="Sodium bifluoride">NaHF2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">NaCl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_bromide" title="Sodium bromide">NaBr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_iodide" title="Sodium iodide">NaI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_astatide" title="Sodium astatide">NaAt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chalcogenides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_ozonide" title="Sodium ozonide">NaO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_superoxide" title="Sodium superoxide">NaO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_oxide" title="Sodium oxide">Na2O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_peroxide" title="Sodium peroxide">Na2O2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide">NaOH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_deuteroxide" title="Sodium deuteroxide">NaOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_sulfide" title="Sodium sulfide">Na2S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydrosulfide" title="Sodium hydrosulfide">NaSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_selenide" title="Sodium selenide">Na2Se</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydroselenide" title="Sodium hydroselenide">NaSeH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_telluride" title="Sodium telluride">Na2Te</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_hydrogen_telluride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium hydrogen telluride (page does not exist)">NaHTe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_polonide" title="Sodium polonide">Na2Po</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pnictogenides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitride" title="Sodium nitride">Na3N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_azide" title="Sodium azide">NaN3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_amide" title="Sodium amide">NaNH2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_phosphide" title="Sodium phosphide">Na3P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_arsenide" title="Sodium arsenide">Na3As</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oxyhalides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hypochlorite" title="Sodium hypochlorite">NaClO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_chlorite" title="Sodium chlorite">NaClO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_chlorate" title="Sodium chlorate">NaClO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_perchlorate" title="Sodium perchlorate">NaClO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hypobromite" title="Sodium hypobromite">NaBrO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_bromite" title="Sodium bromite">NaBrO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_bromate" title="Sodium bromate">NaBrO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_perbromate" title="Sodium perbromate">NaBrO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_iodate" title="Sodium iodate">NaIO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_periodate" title="Sodium periodate">NaIO4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oxychalcogenides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_sulfite" title="Sodium sulfite">Na2SO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_sulfate" title="Sodium sulfate">Na2SO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_bisulfite" title="Sodium bisulfite">NaHSO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_bisulfate" title="Sodium bisulfate">NaHSO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_thiosulfate" title="Sodium thiosulfate">Na2S2O3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_dithionite" title="Sodium dithionite">Na2S2O4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_metabisulfite" title="Sodium metabisulfite">Na2S2O5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_dithionate" title="Sodium dithionate">Na2S2O6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_pyrosulfate" title="Sodium pyrosulfate">Na2S2O7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_persulfate" title="Sodium persulfate">Na2S2O8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_selenite" title="Sodium selenite">Na2SeO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_selenate" title="Sodium selenate">Na2SeO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_biselenite" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium biselenite">NaHSeO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_tellurite" title="Sodium tellurite">Na2TeO3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oxypnictogenides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitrite" title="Sodium nitrite">NaNO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitrate" title="Sodium nitrate">NaNO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hyponitrite" title="Sodium hyponitrite">Na2N2O2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monosodium_phosphate" title="Monosodium phosphate">NaH2PO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hypophosphite" title="Sodium hypophosphite">NaPO2H2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disodium_hydrogen_phosphite" title="Disodium hydrogen phosphite">Na2HPO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_fluorophosphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium fluorophosphate">Na2PO3F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_dithiophosphate" title="Sodium dithiophosphate">Na3PS2O2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trisodium_phosphate" title="Trisodium phosphate">Na3PO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_triphosphate" title="Sodium triphosphate">Na5P3O10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrasodium_pyrophosphate" title="Tetrasodium pyrophosphate">Na4P2O7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disodium_pyrophosphate" title="Disodium pyrophosphate">Na2H2P2O7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_arsenite" title="Sodium arsenite">Na3AsO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_arsenate" title="Sodium arsenate">Na3AsO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disodium_hydrogen_arsenate" title="Disodium hydrogen arsenate">Na2HAsO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_dihydrogen_arsenate" title="Sodium dihydrogen arsenate">NaH2AsO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_antimonate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium antimonate">NaSbO3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_aluminium_hydride" title="Sodium aluminium hydride">NaAlH4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_aluminate" title="Sodium aluminate">NaAlO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hexafluoroaluminate" title="Sodium hexafluoroaluminate">Na3AlF6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_alum" title="Sodium alum">NaAl(SO4)2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_tetrachloroaurate" title="Sodium tetrachloroaurate">NaAuCl4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hexafluoroantimonate" title="Sodium hexafluoroantimonate">NaSbF6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hexafluoroarsenate" title="Sodium hexafluoroarsenate">NaAsF6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hexafluorotitanate" title="Sodium hexafluorotitanate">Na2TiF6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_borohydride" title="Sodium borohydride">NaBH4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_cyanoborohydride" title="Sodium cyanoborohydride">NaBH3(CN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_metaborate" title="Sodium metaborate">NaBO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borax" title="Borax">Na2B4O7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disodium_enneaborate" title="Disodium enneaborate">Na2B2O9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disodium_octaborate" title="Disodium octaborate">Na2B8O13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_bismuthate" title="Sodium bismuthate">NaBiO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_cyanide" title="Sodium cyanide">NaCN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_fulminate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium fulminate (page does not exist)">NaCNO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_cobalt_oxide" title="Sodium cobalt oxide">NaCoO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydride" title="Sodium hydride">NaH</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NaHCO3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_perxenate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium perxenate (page does not exist)">Na4XeO6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monosodium_xenate" title="Monosodium xenate">NaHXeO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_permanganate" title="Sodium permanganate">NaMnO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_cyanate" title="Sodium cyanate">NaOCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_perrhenate" title="Sodium perrhenate">NaReO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_thiocyanate" title="Sodium thiocyanate">NaSCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_metatechnetate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium metatechnetate">NaTcO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_pertechnetate" title="Sodium pertechnetate">NaTcO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_metavanadate" title="Sodium metavanadate">NaVO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">Na2CO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_oxalate" title="Sodium oxalate">Na2C2O4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate" title="Sodium 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate">Na2C3S5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_chromate" title="Sodium chromate">Na2CrO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_dichromate" title="Sodium dichromate">Na2Cr2O7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_trichromate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium trichromate (page does not exist)">Na2Cr3O10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_germanate" title="Sodium germanate">Na2GeO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_helide" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium helide">Na2He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disodium_tetracarbonylferrate" title="Disodium tetracarbonylferrate">Na2[Fe(CO)4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_manganate" title="Sodium manganate">Na2MnO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_molybdate" title="Sodium molybdate">Na2MoO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hexachloroiridate(III)" title="Sodium hexachloroiridate(III)">Na3IrCl6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hexachloroplatinate" title="Sodium hexachloroplatinate">Na2PtCl6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_uranate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium uranate">Na2O(UO3)2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_tetrathionate" title="Sodium tetrathionate">Na2S4O6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_silicate" title="Sodium silicate">Na2SiO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_metatitanate" title="Sodium metatitanate">Na2TiO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_diuranate" title="Sodium diuranate">Na2U2O7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_tungstate" title="Sodium tungstate">Na2WO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_zincate" title="Sodium zincate">Na2Zn(OH)4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_orthovanadate" title="Sodium orthovanadate">Na3VO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_decavanadate" title="Sodium decavanadate">Na6V10O28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_ferrocyanide" title="Sodium ferrocyanide">Na4Fe(CN)6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_ferricyanide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium ferricyanide (page does not exist)">Na3Fe(CN)6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_ferrioxalate" title="Sodium ferrioxalate">Na3Fe(C2O4)3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_orthosilicate" title="Sodium orthosilicate">Na4SiO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_fluorosilicate" title="Sodium fluorosilicate">Na2SiF6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_hexanitritocobaltate(III)" title="Sodium hexanitritocobaltate(III)">Na3[Co(NO2)6]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_bis(trimethylsilyl)amide" title="Sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide">NaNSi2(CH3)6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_tetrachloropalladate" title="Sodium tetrachloropalladate">Na2PdCl4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organosodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Organosodium">Organic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_methoxide" title="Sodium methoxide">CH3ONa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_ethoxide" title="Sodium ethoxide">C2H5ONa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_formate" title="Sodium formate">HCOONa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_propionate" title="Sodium propionate">C2H5COONa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_butyrate" title="Sodium butyrate">C3H7COONa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_tartrate" title="Sodium tartrate">Na2C4H4O6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_bitartrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium bitartrate">C4H5NaO6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_acetate" title="Sodium acetate">NaCH3COO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_benzoate" title="Sodium benzoate">NaC6H5CO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_salicylate" title="Sodium salicylate">NaC6H4(OH)CO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_laurate" title="Sodium laurate">NaC12H23O2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_naphthalene" title="Sodium naphthalene">NaC10H8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_nitroprusside" title="Sodium nitroprusside">Na2[Fe[CN5]NO]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminium_hydride" title="Sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminium hydride">C6H16AlNaO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_erythorbate" title="Sodium erythorbate">NaC6H7O6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monosodium_Glutamate" class="mw-redirect" title="Monosodium Glutamate">C5H8NO4Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylsodium" title="Phenylsodium">C6H5Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Butylsodium" title="N-Butylsodium">C4H9Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_cyclopentadienide" title="Sodium cyclopentadienide">NaC5H5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_Palmitate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium Palmitate (page does not exist)">C15H31COONa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sodium_Oleate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sodium Oleate (page does not exist)">C17H33COONa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_stearate" title="Sodium stearate">C18H35O2Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitotoxin" title="Maitotoxin">C164H256O68S2Na2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hydrogen_compounds" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hydrogen_compounds" title="Template:Hydrogen compounds"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hydrogen_compounds" title="Template talk:Hydrogen compounds"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hydrogen_compounds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hydrogen compounds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hydrogen_compounds" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_compounds" title="Hydrogen compounds">Hydrogen compounds</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsenous_acid" title="Arsenous acid">H3AsO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenic_acid" title="Arsenic acid">H3AsO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argon_fluorohydride" title="Argon fluorohydride">HArF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_astatide" title="Hydrogen astatide">HAt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluorosulfuric_acid" title="Fluorosulfuric acid">HSO3F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluoroboric_acid" title="Fluoroboric acid">H[BF4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_bromide" title="Hydrogen bromide">HBr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypobromous_acid" title="Hypobromous acid">HBrO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromous_acid" title="Bromous acid">HBrO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromic_acid" title="Bromic acid">HBrO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perbromic_acid" title="Perbromic acid">HBrO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride" title="Hydrogen chloride">HCl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypochlorous_acid" title="Hypochlorous acid">HClO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorous_acid" title="Chlorous acid">HClO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloric_acid" title="Chloric acid">HClO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perchloric_acid" title="Perchloric acid">HClO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_cyanide" title="Hydrogen cyanide">HCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulminic_acid" title="Fulminic acid">HCNO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromic_acid" title="Chromic acid">H2CrO4/H2Cr2O7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonic_acid" title="Carbonic acid">H2CO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiocarbonic_acid" title="Thiocarbonic acid">H2CS3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride" title="Hydrogen fluoride">HF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypofluorous_acid" title="Hypofluorous acid">HFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_iodide" title="Hydrogen iodide">HI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoiodous_acid" title="Hypoiodous acid">HIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodous_acid" title="Iodous acid">HIO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodic_acid" title="Iodic acid">HIO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodic_acid" title="Periodic acid">HIO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanganic_acid" title="Permanganic acid">HMnO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Manganic acid">H2MnO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molybdic_acid" title="Molybdic acid">H2MoO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_isocyanide" title="Hydrogen isocyanide">HNC</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">NaHCO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isocyanic_acid" title="Isocyanic acid">HNCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroxyl" title="Nitroxyl">HNO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_acid" title="Nitrous acid">HNO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">HNO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyponitrous_acid" title="Hyponitrous acid">H2N2O2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrosylsulfuric_acid" title="Nitrosylsulfuric acid">HNO5S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfamic_acid" title="Sulfamic acid">H3NSO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_water" title="Properties of water">H2O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">H2O2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trioxidane" title="Trioxidane">H2O3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetraoxidane" title="Tetraoxidane">H2O4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaoxidane" title="Pentaoxidane">H2O5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypophosphorous_acid" title="Hypophosphorous acid">H3PO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorous_acid" title="Phosphorous acid">H3PO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphoric_acid" title="Phosphoric acid">H3PO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrophosphoric_acid" title="Pyrophosphoric acid">H4P2O7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triphosphoric_acid" title="Triphosphoric acid">H5P3O10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroplatinic_acid" title="Chloroplatinic acid">H2[PtCl6]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide" title="Hydrogen sulfide">H2S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_disulfide" title="Hydrogen disulfide">H2S2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_selenide" title="Hydrogen selenide">H2Se</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenous_acid" title="Selenous acid">H2SeO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenic_acid" title="Selenic acid">H2SeO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicic_acid" title="Silicic acid">H4SiO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexafluorosilicic_acid" title="Hexafluorosilicic acid">H2[SiF6]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiocyanic_acid" title="Thiocyanic acid">HSCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isothiocyanic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Isothiocyanic acid">HNCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfurous_acid" title="Sulfurous acid">H2SO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">H2SO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxymonosulfuric_acid" title="Peroxymonosulfuric acid">H2SO5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiosulfuric_acid" title="Thiosulfuric acid">H2S2O3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trihydrogen_oxide" title="Trihydrogen oxide">H3O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dithionic_acid" title="Dithionic acid">H2S2O6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disulfuric_acid" title="Disulfuric acid">H2S2O7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peroxydisulfuric_acid" title="Peroxydisulfuric acid">H2S2O8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triflic_acid" title="Triflic acid">CF3SO3H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_telluride" title="Hydrogen telluride">H2Te</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tellurous_acid" title="Tellurous acid">H2TeO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telluric_acid" title="Telluric acid">H6TeO6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_acid" title="Titanic acid">H4TiO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polonium_hydride" title="Polonium hydride">H2Po</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt_tetracarbonyl_hydride" title="Cobalt tetracarbonyl hydride">H[Co(CO)4]</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Compounds_containing_the_carbonate_group" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;table-layout:fixed;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Carbonates" title="Template:Carbonates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Carbonates" title="Template talk:Carbonates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Carbonates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Carbonates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Compounds_containing_the_carbonate_group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Compounds containing the <a href="/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate">carbonate</a> group</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="overflow-x:auto"> <table class="center"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Carbonic_acid" title="Carbonic acid">H2CO3</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="11" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="5"> </td> <td>He </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithium_carbonate" title="Lithium carbonate">Li2CO3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithium_bicarbonate" title="Lithium bicarbonate">LiHCO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beryllium_carbonate" title="Beryllium carbonate">BeCO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Borate_carbonate" title="Borate carbonate">+BO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carbonate_ester" title="Carbonate ester">(RO)(R'O)CO</a> <a href="/wiki/Carbonate_oxalate" title="Carbonate oxalate">+C2O4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ammonium_carbonate" title="Ammonium carbonate">(NH4)2CO3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_bicarbonate" title="Ammonium bicarbonate">NH4HCO3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbonate_nitrate" title="Carbonate nitrate">+NO3</a> </td> <td>O </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carbonate_fluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbonate fluoride">+F</a> </td> <td>Ne </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium_carbonate" title="Sodium carbonate">Na2CO3</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">NaHCO3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_sesquicarbonate" title="Sodium sesquicarbonate">Na3H(CO3)2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_carbonate" title="Magnesium carbonate">MgCO3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_bicarbonate" title="Magnesium bicarbonate">Mg(HCO3)2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_carbonate" title="Aluminium carbonate">Al2(CO3)3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silicon_carbonate" title="Silicon carbonate">SiCO4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silicate_carbonate" title="Silicate carbonate">+SiO4</a> </td> <td>P </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sulfate_carbonate" title="Sulfate carbonate">+SO4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carbonate_chloride" title="Carbonate chloride">+Cl</a> </td> <td>Ar </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Potassium_carbonate" title="Potassium carbonate">K2CO3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potassium_bicarbonate" title="Potassium bicarbonate">KHCO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">CaCO3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcium_bicarbonate" title="Calcium bicarbonate">Ca(HCO3)2</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td>Sc </td> <td>Ti </td> <td>V </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(II)_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(II) carbonate (page does not exist)">CrCO3</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chromium(III)_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chromium(III) carbonate (page does not exist)">Cr2(CO3)3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manganese(II)_carbonate" title="Manganese(II) carbonate">MnCO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iron(II)_carbonate" title="Iron(II) carbonate">FeCO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cobalt(II)_carbonate" title="Cobalt(II) carbonate">CoCO3</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cobalt(III)_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cobalt(III) carbonate (page does not exist)">Co2(CO3)3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nickel(II)_carbonate" title="Nickel(II) carbonate">NiCO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copper(I)_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copper(I) carbonate (page does not exist)">Cu2CO3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copper(II)_carbonate" title="Copper(II) carbonate">CuCO3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basic_copper_carbonate" title="Basic copper carbonate">Cu2CO3(OH)2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zinc_carbonate" title="Zinc carbonate">ZnCO3</a> </td> <td>Ga </td> <td>Ge </td> <td>As </td> <td>Se </td> <td>Br </td> <td>Kr </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rubidium_carbonate" title="Rubidium carbonate">Rb2CO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Strontium_carbonate" title="Strontium carbonate">SrCO3</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none"> </td> <td>Y </td> <td>Zr </td> <td>Nb </td> <td>Mo </td> <td>Tc </td> <td>Ru </td> <td>Rh </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palladium(II)_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palladium(II) carbonate (page does not exist)">PdCO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Silver_carbonate" title="Silver carbonate">Ag2CO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cadmium_carbonate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadmium carbonate">CdCO3</a> </td> <td>In </td> <td>Sn </td> <td>Sb </td> <td>Te </td> <td>I </td> <td>Xe </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td><a href="/wiki/Caesium_carbonate" title="Caesium carbonate">Cs2CO3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caesium_bicarbonate" title="Caesium bicarbonate">CsHCO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barium_carbonate" title="Barium carbonate">BaCO3</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">* </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutetium(III)_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutetium(III) carbonate (page does not exist)">Lu2(CO3)3</a> </td> <td>Hf </td> <td>Ta </td> <td>W </td> <td>Re </td> <td>Os </td> <td>Ir </td> <td>Pt </td> <td>Au </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercury(II)_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mercury(II) carbonate (page does not exist)">HgCO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thallium(I)_carbonate" title="Thallium(I) carbonate">Tl2CO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lead_carbonate" title="Lead carbonate">PbCO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bismuth_subcarbonate" title="Bismuth subcarbonate">(BiO)2CO3</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polonium(IV)_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polonium(IV) carbonate (page does not exist)">Po(CO3)2</a> </td> <td>At </td> <td>Rn </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td>Fr </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radium_carbonate" title="Radium carbonate">RaCO3</a> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">** </td> <td>Lr </td> <td>Rf </td> <td>Db </td> <td>Sg </td> <td>Bh </td> <td>Hs </td> <td>Mt </td> <td>Ds </td> <td>Rg </td> <td>Cn </td> <td>Nh </td> <td>Fl </td> <td>Mc </td> <td>Lv </td> <td>Ts </td> <td>Og </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="2" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border:none" colspan="20">  </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">* </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_carbonate" title="Lanthanum carbonate">La2(CO3)3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cerium(III)_carbonate" title="Cerium(III) carbonate">Ce2(CO3)3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium(III)_carbonate" title="Praseodymium(III) carbonate">Pr2(CO3)3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neodymium(III)_carbonate" title="Neodymium(III) carbonate">Nd2(CO3)3</a> </td> <td>Pm </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samarium(III)_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samarium(III) carbonate (page does not exist)">Sm2(CO3)3</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europium(II)_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europium(II) carbonate (page does not exist)">EuCO3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europium(III)_carbonate" title="Europium(III) carbonate">Eu2(CO3)3</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium(III)_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium(III) carbonate (page does not exist)">Gd2(CO3)3</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terbium(III)_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terbium(III) carbonate (page does not exist)">Tb2(CO3)3</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dysprosium(III)_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dysprosium(III) carbonate (page does not exist)">Dy2(CO3)3</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holmium(III)_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holmium(III) carbonate (page does not exist)">Ho2(CO3)3</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium(III)_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erbium(III) carbonate (page does not exist)">Er2(CO3)3</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium(III)_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thulium(III) carbonate (page does not exist)">Tm2(CO3)3</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ytterbium(III)_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ytterbium(III) carbonate (page does not exist)">Yb2(CO3)3</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:mistyrose"> <td style="background-color:white;border:none">** </td> <td>Ac </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorium(IV)_carbonate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thorium(IV) carbonate (page does not exist)">Th(CO3)2</a> </td> <td>Pa </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Uranyl_carbonate" title="Uranyl carbonate">UO2CO3</a> </td> <td>Np </td> <td>Pu </td> <td>Am </td> <td>Cm </td> <td>Bk </td> <td>Cf </td> <td>Es </td> <td>Fm </td> <td>Md </td> <td>No </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Drugs_for_acid_related_disorders:_Antacids_(A02A)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antacids" title="Template:Antacids"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antacids" title="Template talk:Antacids"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antacids" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antacids"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Drugs_for_acid_related_disorders:_Antacids_(A02A)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Drugs for acid related disorders: <a href="/wiki/Antacid" title="Antacid">Antacids</a> (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A02#A02A" title="ATC code A02">A02A</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> (increases motility)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_carbonate" title="Magnesium carbonate">Magnesium carbonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_oxide" title="Magnesium oxide">Magnesium oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_peroxide" title="Magnesium peroxide">Magnesium peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_hydroxide" title="Magnesium hydroxide">Magnesium hydroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talc" title="Talc">Magnesium silicate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> (decreases motility)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aceglutamide_aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aceglutamide aluminum">Aceglutamide aluminum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_hydroxide" title="Aluminium hydroxide">Algeldrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_phosphate" title="Aluminium phosphate">Aluminium phosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_acetoacetate" title="Aluminium acetoacetate">Aluminium acetoacetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloglutamol" title="Aloglutamol">Aloglutamol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_glycinate" title="Aluminium glycinate">Aluminium glycinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbaldrate" title="Carbaldrate">Carbaldrate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbonate" title="Calcium carbonate">Calcium carbonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_silicate" title="Calcium silicate">Calcium silicate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Sodium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sodium bicarbonate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Combinations and complexes of aluminium, calcium and magnesium</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almagate" title="Almagate">Almagate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almasilate" title="Almasilate">Almasilate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrotalcite" title="Hydrotalcite">Hydrotalcite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magaldrate" title="Magaldrate">Magaldrate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Emergency_medicine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Emergency_medicine" title="Template:Emergency medicine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Emergency_medicine" title="Template talk:Emergency medicine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Emergency_medicine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Emergency medicine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Emergency_medicine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medicine" title="Emergency medicine">Emergency medicine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Emergency medicine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_department" title="Emergency department">Emergency department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services" title="Emergency medical services">Emergency medical services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_nursing" title="Emergency nursing">Emergency nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_psychiatry" title="Emergency psychiatry">Emergency psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_hour_(medicine)" title="Golden hour (medicine)">Golden hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_emergency" title="Medical emergency">Medical emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_emergency_medicine" title="International emergency medicine">International emergency medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediatric_emergency_medicine" title="Pediatric emergency medicine">Pediatric emergency medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-hospital_emergency_medicine" title="Pre-hospital emergency medicine">Pre-hospital emergency medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_trauma" title="Major trauma">Major trauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trauma_center" title="Trauma center">Trauma center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triage" title="Triage">Triage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Emergency_medical_equipment" title="Category:Emergency medical equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bag_valve_mask" title="Bag valve mask">Bag valve mask</a> (BVM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chest_tube" title="Chest tube">Chest tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defibrillation" title="Defibrillation">Defibrillation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automated_external_defibrillator" title="Automated external defibrillator">AED</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Implantable_cardioverter-defibrillator" title="Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator">ICD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrocardiography" title="Electrocardiography">Electrocardiogram</a> (ECG/EKG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intraosseous_infusion" title="Intraosseous infusion">Intraosseous infusion</a> (IO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intravenous_therapy" title="Intravenous therapy">Intravenous therapy</a> (IV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracheal_intubation" title="Tracheal intubation">Tracheal intubation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laryngeal_tube" title="Laryngeal tube">Laryngeal tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combitube" title="Combitube">Combitube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasopharyngeal_airway" title="Nasopharyngeal airway">Nasopharyngeal airway</a> (NPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oropharyngeal_airway" title="Oropharyngeal airway">Oropharyngeal airway</a> (OPA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_mask" title="Pocket mask">Pocket mask</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drugs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine" title="Adenosine">Adenosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiodarone" title="Amiodarone">Amiodarone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atropine" title="Atropine">Atropine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">Dopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epinephrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Epinephrine">Epinephrine / Adrenaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naloxone" title="Naloxone">Naloxone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_sulfate" title="Magnesium sulfate">Magnesium sulfate</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sodium bicarbonate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Emergency_medicine_organisations" title="Category:Emergency medicine organisations">Organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_for_Emergency_Medicine" title="International Federation for Emergency Medicine">International Federation for Emergency Medicine</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_Emergency_Medicine" title="International Conference on Emergency Medicine">International Conference on Emergency Medicine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Emergency_Physicians" title="American College of Emergency Physicians">American College of Emergency Physicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australasian_College_for_Emergency_Medicine" title="Australasian College for Emergency Medicine">Australasian College for Emergency Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Association_of_Emergency_Physicians" title="Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians">Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Emergency_Medicine" title="Royal College of Emergency Medicine">Royal College of Emergency Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Society_for_Emergency_Medicine" title="European Society for Emergency Medicine">European Society for Emergency Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Society_for_Emergency_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Society for Emergency Medicine">Asian Society for Emergency Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Emergency_Medicine" title="American Academy of Emergency Medicine">American Academy of Emergency Medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Emergency_medicine_courses" title="Category:Emergency medicine courses">Courses</a> / <a href="/wiki/Category:Emergency_life_support" title="Category:Emergency life support">Life support</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_aid" title="First aid">First aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_resuscitation" title="Cardiopulmonary resuscitation">Cardiopulmonary resuscitation</a> (CPR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouth-to-mouth_resuscitation" title="Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation">Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_life_support" title="Basic life support">Basic life 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