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sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">World Wide Web Consortium standard</div> <p><b>Speech Recognition Grammar Specification</b> (SRGS) is a <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a> standard for how <i><a href="/wiki/Speech_recognition" title="Speech recognition">speech recognition</a> grammars</i> are specified. A speech recognition grammar is a set of word patterns, and tells a speech recognition system what to expect a human to say. For instance, if you call an <a href="/wiki/Automated_attendant" title="Automated attendant">auto-attendant</a> application, it will prompt you for the name of a person (with the expectation that your call will be transferred to that person's phone). It will then start up a speech recognizer, giving it a speech recognition grammar. This grammar contains the names of the people in the auto attendant's directory and a collection of sentence patterns that are the typical responses from callers to the prompt. </p><p>SRGS specifies two alternate but equivalent syntaxes, one based on <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>, and one using augmented <a href="/wiki/Backus%E2%80%93Naur_form" title="Backus–Naur form">BNF</a> format. In practice, the XML syntax is used more frequently. </p><p>Both the ABNF and XML form have the expressive power of a <a href="/wiki/Context-free_grammar" title="Context-free grammar">context-free grammar</a>. A grammar processor that does not support recursive grammars has the expressive power of a <a href="/wiki/Finite_state_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Finite state machine">finite state machine</a> or <a href="/wiki/Regular_expression" title="Regular expression">regular expression</a> language. </p><p>If the speech recognizer returned just a string containing the actual words spoken by the user, the voice application would have to do the tedious job of extracting the semantic meaning from those words. For this reason, SRGS grammars can be decorated with <i>tag</i> elements, which when executed, build up the semantic result. SRGS does not specify the contents of the tag elements: this is done in a companion W3C standard, <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Interpretation_for_Speech_Recognition" title="Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition">Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition</a> (SISR). SISR is based on <a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a>, and ECMAScript statements inside the SRGS tags build up an ECMAScript semantic result object that is easy for the voice application to process. </p><p>Both SRGS and SISR are W3C Recommendations, the final stage of the W3C standards track. The W3C <a href="/wiki/VoiceXML" title="VoiceXML">VoiceXML</a> standard, which defines how voice dialogs are specified, depends heavily on SRGS and SISR. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speech_Recognition_Grammar_Specification&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Here is an example of the augmented BNF of SRGS, as it could be used in an auto attendant application: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-jsgf mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span>#ABNF<span class="w"> </span>1.0<span class="w"> </span>ISO-8859-1<span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Default grammar language is US English</span> <span class="w"> </span>language<span class="w"> </span>en-US<span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Single language attachment to tokens</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Note that "fr-CA" (Canadian French) is applied to only</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// the word "oui" because of precedence rules</span> <span class="w"> </span>$yes<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>yes<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>oui!fr-CA<span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Single language attachment to an expansion</span> <span class="w"> </span>$people1<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">(</span>Michel<span class="w"> </span>Tremblay<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>André<span class="w"> </span>Roy<span class="o">)</span>!fr-CA<span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Handling language-specific pronunciations of the same word</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// A capable speech recognizer will listen for Mexican Spanish and</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// US English pronunciations.</span> <span class="w"> </span>$people2<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>Jose!en-US<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>Jose!es-MX<span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/**</span> <span class="cm"> * Multi-lingual input possible</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cs">@example</span><span class="w"> </span>may<span class="w"> </span>I<span class="w"> </span>speak<span class="w"> </span>to<span class="w"> </span>André<span class="w"> </span>Roy <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cs">@example</span><span class="w"> </span>may<span class="w"> </span>I<span class="w"> </span>speak<span class="w"> </span>to<span class="w"> </span>Jose <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">*/</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="kr">public</span><span class="w"> </span>$request<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>may<span class="w"> </span>I<span class="w"> </span>speak<span class="w"> </span>to<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">(</span>$people1<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span>$people2<span class="o">)</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> <p>Here is the same SRGS example, using the XML form: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="cp"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?></span> <span class="cp"><!DOCTYPE grammar PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD GRAMMAR 1.0//EN"</span> <span class="cp"> "http://www.w3.org/TR/speech-grammar/grammar.dtd"></span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="cm"></span> <span class="nt"><grammar</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns=</span><span class="s">"http://www.w3.org/2001/06/grammar"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xmlns:xsi=</span><span class="s">"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"</span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xsi:schemaLocation=</span><span class="s">"http://www.w3.org/2001/06/grammar </span> <span class="s"> http://www.w3.org/TR/speech-grammar/grammar.xsd"</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xml:lang=</span><span class="s">"en-US"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">version=</span><span class="s">"1.0"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><rule</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"yes"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><one-of></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><item></span>yes<span class="nt"></item></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xml:lang=</span><span class="s">"fr-CA"</span><span class="nt">></span>oui<span class="nt"></item></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></one-of></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></rule></span><span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><rule</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"people1"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><one-of</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xml:lang=</span><span class="s">"fr-CA"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><item></span>Michel<span class="w"> </span>Tremblay<span class="nt"></item></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><item></span>André<span class="w"> </span>Roy<span class="nt"></item></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></one-of></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></rule></span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><rule</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"people2"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><one-of></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xml:lang=</span><span class="s">"en-US"</span><span class="nt">></span>Jose<span class="nt"></item></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><item</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">xml:lang=</span><span class="s">"es-MX"</span><span class="nt">></span>Jose<span class="nt"></item></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></one-of></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></rule></span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><rule</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"request"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">scope=</span><span class="s">"public"</span><span class="nt">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><example></span><span class="w"> </span>may<span class="w"> </span>I<span class="w"> </span>speak<span class="w"> </span>to<span class="w"> </span>André<span class="w"> </span>Roy<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></example></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><example></span><span class="w"> </span>may<span class="w"> </span>I<span class="w"> </span>speak<span class="w"> </span>to<span class="w"> </span>Jose<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></example></span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span>may<span class="w"> </span>I<span class="w"> </span>speak<span class="w"> </span>to <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><one-of></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><item></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><ruleref</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">uri=</span><span class="s">"#people1"</span><span class="nt">/></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></item></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><item></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><ruleref</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="na">uri=</span><span class="s">"#people2"</span><span class="nt">/></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></item></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></one-of></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></rule></span> <span class="nt"></grammar></span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speech_Recognition_Grammar_Specification&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SISR" class="mw-redirect" title="SISR">SISR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoiceXML" title="VoiceXML">VoiceXML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_Lexicon_Specification" title="Pronunciation Lexicon Specification">Pronunciation Lexicon Specification</a> (PLS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Language_Semantics_Markup_Language" title="Natural Language Semantics Markup Language">Natural Language Semantics Markup Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSGF" title="JSGF">JSGF</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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