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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gunnar_Fant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gunnar_Fant.jpg/220px-Gunnar_Fant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gunnar_Fant.jpg/330px-Gunnar_Fant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gunnar_Fant.jpg/440px-Gunnar_Fant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1627" data-file-height="2226" /></a><figcaption>Gunnar Fant (1999)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Carl Gunnar Michael Fant</b> (October 8, 1919 – June 6, 2009<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was a leading researcher in <a href="/wiki/Speech_science" title="Speech science">speech science</a> in general and <a href="/wiki/Speech_synthesis" title="Speech synthesis">speech synthesis</a> in particular who spent most of his career as a professor at the Swedish <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Institute of Technology">Royal Institute of Technology</a> (KTH) in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>. He was a first cousin of the actors and directors <a href="/wiki/George_Fant_(actor)" title="George Fant (actor)">George Fant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenne_Fant" title="Kenne Fant">Kenne Fant</a>. </p><p>Gunnar Fant received a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">Master of Science</a> in <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">Electrical Engineering</a> from KTH in 1945. He specialized in the acoustics of the <a href="/wiki/Human_voice" title="Human voice">human voice</a>, measuring <a href="/wiki/Formant" title="Formant">formant</a> values, and continued to work in this area at <a href="/wiki/Ericsson" title="Ericsson">Ericsson</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>. He also took the initiative of creating a speech communication department at KTH, unusual at the time. </p><p>Fant's work led to the birth of a new era of speech synthesis with the introduction of powerful and configurable formant synthesizers. In 1960 he published the <a href="/wiki/Source-filter_model_of_speech_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Source-filter model of speech production">source-filter model of speech production</a>, which became widely used. In the 1960s, Gunnar Fant's Orator Verbis Electris (OVE) competed with Walter Lawrence's Parametric Artificial Talker (PAT)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in creating lifelike speech synthesis. </p><p>In later years, Gunnar Fant remained active in the area of speech synthesis, focusing mainly on research on <a href="/wiki/Prosody_(linguistics)" title="Prosody (linguistics)">prosody</a>. </p><p>Fant received honorary doctorates from the Grenoble University (1978) and from <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_University" title="Stockholm University">Stockholm University</a> (1988), and several other awards. In 1989, he was the inaugural recipient Scientific Achievement Medal of the <a href="/wiki/International_Speech_Communication_Association" title="International Speech Communication Association">International Speech Communication Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also received the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Academy" title="Swedish Academy">Swedish Academy</a> Margit Påhlson award, and the <a href="/wiki/IEEE_James_L._Flanagan_Speech_and_Audio_Processing_Award" title="IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award">IEEE James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio Processing Award</a> (2003).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Engineering_Sciences" title="Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences">Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Memorial_Tributes_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memorial_Tributes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunnar_Fant&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Gunnar Fant (1970) <i>Acoustic Theory of Speech Production</i>. Mouton De Gruyter. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-279-1600-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-279-1600-4">90-279-1600-4</a></li> <li>Gunnar Fant (2006) <i>Speech Acoustics and Phonetics: Selected Writings</i>. Springer. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4020-2789-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-4020-2789-3">1-4020-2789-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Jakobson" title="Roman Jakobson">Roman Jakobson</a>, C. Gunnar M. Fant, and Morris Halle (1961) P<i>reliminaries to Speech Analysis: The Distinctive Features and Their Correlates</i>. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-60001-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-262-60001-3">0-262-60001-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunnar_Fant&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speech.kth.se/gunnarfant/">"Gunnar Fant's web page"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gunnar+Fant%27s+web+page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.speech.kth.se%2Fgunnarfant%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunnar+Fant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070412192919/http://www.mindspring.com/~ssshp/ssshp_cd/ss_srde.htm">"SIGNALS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ESTABLISHMENT (SRDE)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindspring.com/~ssshp/ssshp_cd/ss_srde.htm">the original</a> on April 12, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SIGNALS+RESEARCH+AND+DEVELOPMENT+ESTABLISHMENT+%28SRDE%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindspring.com%2F~ssshp%2Fssshp_cd%2Fss_srde.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunnar+Fant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isca-speech.org/iscaweb/index.php/honors/medals">"ISCA (International Speech Communication Association) Honors and Medals"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Mar 22,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISCA+%28International+Speech+Communication+Association%29+Honors+and+Medals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isca-speech.org%2Fiscaweb%2Findex.php%2Fhonors%2Fmedals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunnar+Fant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070210023309/http://www.ieee.org/portal/pages/about/awards/sums/speech.html">"Medals, Technical Field Awards, and Recognitions"</a>. <i>IEEE.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieee.org/portal/pages/about/awards/sums/speech.html">the original</a> on February 10, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IEEE.org&rft.atitle=Medals%2C+Technical+Field+Awards%2C+and+Recognitions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ieee.org%2Fportal%2Fpages%2Fabout%2Fawards%2Fsums%2Fspeech.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunnar+Fant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Memorial_Tributes-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Memorial_Tributes_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I_Dpo_akvCYC&q=%22Gunnar+Fant%22+Royal+Swedish+Academy+of+Engineering+Sciences.&pg=PA77"><i>Memorial Tributes, Volume 14</i></a>. National Academies Press. Jun 20, 2011. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780309152181" title="Special:BookSources/9780309152181"><bdi>9780309152181</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memorial+Tributes%2C+Volume+14&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&rft.date=2011-06-20&rft.isbn=9780309152181&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI_Dpo_akvCYC%26q%3D%2522Gunnar%2BFant%2522%2BRoyal%2BSwedish%2BAcademy%2Bof%2BEngineering%2BSciences.%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGunnar+Fant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunnar_Fant&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_H._Klatt" title="Dennis H. Klatt">Dennis H. Klatt</a> (1987). "Review of text-to-speech conversion for English". <i>The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</i>, Vol. 82, No. 3, September 1987, pp. 737–793.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunnar_Fant&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041027194951/http://cslu.cse.ogi.edu/tts/research/history/">Audio clips</a> from Dennis Klatt's "Review of text-to-speech conversion for English"</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Speech_synthesis" title="Template:Speech synthesis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Speech_synthesis" title="Template talk:Speech synthesis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Speech_synthesis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Speech synthesis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Speech_synthesis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Speech_synthesis" title="Speech synthesis">Speech synthesis</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: Gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">Free software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speaking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ESpeak" title="ESpeak">eSpeak</a>/<a href="/wiki/ESpeakNG" class="mw-redirect" title="ESpeakNG">eSpeakNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnopernicus" title="Gnopernicus">Gnopernicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnuspeech" title="Gnuspeech">Gnuspeech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orca_(assistive_technology)" title="Orca (assistive technology)">Orca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Speech_Synthesis_System" title="Festival Speech Synthesis System">Festival Speech Synthesis System</a>/<a href="/wiki/Festival_Speech_Synthesis_System#Flite" title="Festival Speech Synthesis System">Flite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeTTS" title="FreeTTS">FreeTTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatik_Text_Reader" title="Automatik Text Reader">Automatik Text Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrieval-based_Voice_Conversion" title="Retrieval-based Voice Conversion">Retrieval-based Voice Conversion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ESpeak" title="ESpeak">eCantorix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Speech_Synthesis_System" title="Festival Speech Synthesis System">Lyricos / Flinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinsy" title="Sinsy">Sinsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrieval-based_Voice_Conversion" title="Retrieval-based Voice Conversion">Retrieval-based Voice Conversion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: Gainsboro;"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary <br />software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speaking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Polly" title="Amazon Polly">Amazon Polly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DECtalk" title="DECtalk">DECtalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_Automatic_Mouth" title="Software Automatic Mouth">Software Automatic Mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talk_It!" class="mw-redirect" title="Talk It!">Talk It!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Agent" title="Microsoft Agent">Microsoft Agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Speech_API" title="Microsoft Speech API">Microsoft Speech API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_text-to-speech_voices" title="Microsoft text-to-speech voices">Microsoft text-to-speech voices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readspeaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Readspeaker">Readspeaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_browser" title="Voice browser">Voice browser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoolSpeech" title="CoolSpeech">CoolSpeech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IVONA" class="mw-redirect" title="IVONA">IVONA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CereProc" title="CereProc">CereProc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CeVIO_Creative_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="CeVIO Creative Studio">CeVIO Creative Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceroid" title="Voiceroid">Voiceroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaLaVoice" title="LaLaVoice">LaLaVoice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15.ai" title="15.ai">15.ai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ElevenLabs" title="ElevenLabs">ElevenLabs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alter/Ego" title="Alter/Ego">Alter/Ego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantor_(music_software)" title="Cantor (music software)">Cantor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CeVIO" title="CeVIO">CeVIO Creative Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipspeech" title="Chipspeech">Chipspeech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIAONiao_Virtual_Singer" title="NIAONiao Virtual Singer">NIAONiao Virtual Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PPG_Phonem" title="PPG Phonem">PPG Phonem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realivox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realivox (page does not exist)">Realivox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphonic_Choirs" title="Symphonic Choirs">Symphonic Choirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utau" title="Utau">UTAU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocalina" title="Vocalina">Vocalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocaloid" title="Vocaloid">Vocaloid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoice#Singer" title="Xiaoice">Xiaoice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: Gainsboro;">Machine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Echo_II_(expansion_card)" title="Echo II (expansion card)">Echo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockingboard" title="Mockingboard">Mockingboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_playback" title="Pattern playback">Pattern playback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phasor_(sound_synthesizer)" title="Phasor (sound synthesizer)">Phasor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_infrared_audible_signage" title="Remote infrared audible signage">RIAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments_LPC_Speech_Chips" title="Texas Instruments LPC Speech Chips">Texas Instruments LPC Speech Chips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Instrument_SP0256" title="General Instrument SP0256">General Instrument SP0256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TuVox" title="TuVox">TuVox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: Gainsboro;">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AOLbyPhone" class="mw-redirect" title="AOLbyPhone">AOLbyPhone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DialogOS" title="DialogOS">DialogOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Sbaitso" title="Dr. Sbaitso">Dr. Sbaitso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBROLA" title="MBROLA">MBROLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrator_(Windows)" title="Narrator (Windows)">Windows Narrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Speech_Server" title="Microsoft Speech Server">Microsoft Speech Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlainTalk" title="PlainTalk">PlainTalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_font" title="Voice font">Voice font</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: Gainsboro;">Protocols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speech_Synthesis_Markup_Language" title="Speech Synthesis Markup Language">Speech Synthesis Markup Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABLE" title="SABLE">SABLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VoiceXML" title="VoiceXML">VoiceXML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: Gainsboro;">Developers/<br />Researchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_W._Black" title="Alan W. Black">Alan W. Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Browman" title="Catherine Browman">Catherine Browman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Seaney_Cooper" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Seaney Cooper">Franklin Seaney Cooper</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gunnar Fant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haskins_Laboratories" title="Haskins Laboratories">Haskins Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_von_Kempelen" title="Wolfgang von Kempelen">Wolfgang von Kempelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Mattingly" title="Ignatius Mattingly">Ignatius Mattingly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rubin" title="Philip Rubin">Philip Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Corporation" title="Yamaha Corporation">Yamaha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: Gainsboro;">Process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Articulatory_synthesis" title="Articulatory synthesis">Articulatory synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concatenative_synthesis" title="Concatenative synthesis">Concatenative synthesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currah" title="Currah">Currah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverse_filter" title="Inverse filter">Inverse filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSOLA" title="PSOLA">PSOLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phase_vocoder" title="Phase vocoder">Phase vocoder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-voicing" title="Self-voicing">Self-voicing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_cloning" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice cloning">Voice cloning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2560493#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109658464">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/40618920">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/16348/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJB49m7WHXcGYTg37jYpT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/129989592">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50047904">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0100918&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1275290">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070628300">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Fant, C. Gunnar M., 1919-"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000137390&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201836681">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/1zcffgxk419mfdn">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007276541405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01697195?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/167419471">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span style="vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sweden.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><span style="margin-left:-30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Biography icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png/30px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png/45px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="170" /></a></span></span></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This Swedish biographical article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. You can help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunnar_Fant&action=edit">expanding it</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sweden-bio-stub" title="Template:Sweden-bio-stub"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sweden-bio-stub" title="Template talk:Sweden-bio-stub"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sweden-bio-stub" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sweden-bio-stub"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunnar_Fant&oldid=1257190182">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunnar_Fant&oldid=1257190182</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1919_births" title="Category:1919 births">1919 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2009_deaths" title="Category:2009 deaths">2009 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_staff_of_the_KTH_Royal_Institute_of_Technology" title="Category:Academic staff of the KTH Royal Institute of Technology">Academic staff of the KTH Royal Institute of Technology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swedish_scientists" title="Category:Swedish scientists">Swedish scientists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Swedish_engineers" title="Category:20th-century Swedish engineers">20th-century Swedish engineers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Speech_perception_researchers" title="Category:Speech perception researchers">Speech perception researchers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences">Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Engineering_Sciences" title="Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences">Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Phoneticians" title="Category:Phoneticians">Phoneticians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swedish_people_stubs" title="Category:Swedish people stubs">Swedish people stubs</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_stub_articles" title="Category:All stub articles">All stub articles</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 November 2024, at 18:21<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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