CINXE.COM
Über wikiHow – wikiHow
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="de" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <title>Über wikiHow – wikiHow</title> <script>document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace( /(^|\s)client-nojs(\s|$)/, "$1client-js$2" );</script> <script>(window.RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgCanonicalNamespace":"Project","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":4,"wgPageName":"wikiHow:Über-wikiHow","wgTitle":"Über wikiHow","wgCurRevisionId":338083,"wgRevisionId":338083,"wgArticleId":2200,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgPageContentLanguage":"de","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januar","Februar","März","April","Mai","Juni","Juli","August","September","Oktober","November","Dezember"],"wgMonthNamesShort":["","Jan.","Feb.","Mär.","Apr.","Mai","Jun.","Jul.","Aug.","Sep.","Okt.","Nov.","Dez."],"wgRelevantPageName":"wikiHow:Über-wikiHow","wgRelevantArticleId":2200,"wgRequestId":"213882eb277abac45e7b5eb5","wgCSPNonce":false,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgUserType":"anon","wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFLazyLoadImages":false,"wgMFLazyLoadReferences":false,"wgMFIsPageContentModelEditable":true,"wgMFEnableFontChanger":true,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":false,"nearby":false,"watchlist":false,"tagline":false},"wgWikihowSiteRev":"Z8S6V","wgFBAppId":"157545333433","wgGoogleAppId":"475770217963-cj49phca8tqki2ggs0ttcaerhs8339eh.apps.googleusercontent.com","wgCDNbase":"https://www.wikihow.com","wgNlpCategory":"","wgProMembership":0,"wgHasEmail":0,"wgMinervaFeatures":{"amc":false,"beta":false,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"backToTop":false,"shareButton":false,"toggling":true,"pageIssues":false,"talkAtTop":false},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0],"wgMinervaMenuData":[]});mw.loader.state({"user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","user.tokens":"loading","skins.minerva.base.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.ui.icon":"ready","mediawiki.ui.button":"ready","skins.minerva.icons.images":"ready","zzz.mobile.wikihow.styles_late_load":"ready","ext.wikihow.nonarticle_styles":"ready","ext.wikihow.slider_styles":"ready","ext.wikihow.trusted_sources.styles":"ready","ext.wikihow.green_box":"ready","ext.wikihow.social_footer_styles":"ready","ext.wikihow.press_boxes":"ready","mobile.wikihow.wikihow_namespace_styles":"ready"});mw.loader.implement("user.options@1wzrrbt",function($,jQuery,require,module){/*@nomin*/mw.user.options.set({"variant":"de"}); });mw.loader.implement("user.tokens@0tffind",function($,jQuery,require,module){/*@nomin*/mw.user.tokens.set({"editToken":"+\\","patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); });RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.startup","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.wikihow.common_top","ext.wikihow.common_bottom","mobile.wikihow","mobile.wikihow.mobileslideshowinit","mobile.wikihow.stable.styles","ext.wikihow.slider","ext.wikihow.loginreminder","ext.wikihow.trusted_sources.scripts","mobile.site","mobile.init","ext.wikihow.green_box.scripts","ext.wikihow.social_footer"];mw.loader.load(RLPAGEMODULES);});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/load.php?debug=false&lang=de&modules=ext.wikihow.green_box%2Cnonarticle_styles%2Cpress_boxes%2Cslider_styles%2Csocial_footer_styles%7Cext.wikihow.trusted_sources.styles%7Cmediawiki.ui.button%2Cicon%7Cmobile.wikihow.wikihow_namespace_styles%7Cskins.minerva.base.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons.images%7Czzz.mobile.wikihow.styles_late_load&only=styles&siterev=Z8S6V&skin=wh"/> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.33.0-alpha"/> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"/><!--inAlwaysIndexList_cached--> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/> <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0, width=device-width"/> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.wikihow.com/skins/WikiHow/wH-initials_152x152.png"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon_round.ico"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch_desc.php" title="wikiHow (de)"/> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="https://de.wikihow.com/api.php?action=rsd"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://de.wikihow.com/wikiHow:%C3%9Cber-wikiHow"/> <script>window.WH=window.WH||{timeStart:+(new Date()),lang:{}}; if(/.+@.+/.test(window.location.hash)){window.location.hash='';}</script> <script>retinaAvailable = false;</script> <style>html,body,div,span,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,blockquote,pre,a,abbr,acronym,address,big,cite,del,ins,em,img,small,strike,strong,sub,sup,tt,b,u,i,center,dl,dt,dd,ol,ul,li,fieldset,form,label,legend,input,textarea,button,select,audio,video{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font:inherit;font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline}table,caption,tbody,tfoot,thead,tr,th,td{margin:0;padding:0;font:inherit;font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline}button{border:none;background-color:transparent}body{line-height:1;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}input{line-height:normal}ol,ul{list-style:none}table{border-collapse:collapse}strong,b{font-weight:bold}i,em{font-style:italic}html{height:100%}body{min-height:100%;background-color:#f3f3f3;color:#545454;font-family:"Helvetica","Nimbus Sans L","Arial","Liberation Sans",sans-serif;line-height:1.4;font-size:16px;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}code{font-family:monospace}h1,h2,h3,h4{color:#222}.hidden,a.hide,img[src=""],.stable #ca-talk,.client-nojs #ca-watch.cta,.client-nojs #ca-edit,.client-nojs #ca-upload,#ca-talk.selected,.template_top,.section>.section_text>h3 .edit-page,#tips h3,h4.steps_text .edit-page,h5.steps_text .edit-page,h6.steps_text .edit-page,#uci_section,.trvote_box,.section.video,#hp_navigation,#mcta_root,#method_toc,.amazon_info,#servedtime,.tabbed_content,#sp_h2.tabbed_content,#social_proof_mobile.tabbed_content,#uci_section.tabbed_content,.tabbed_content .edit-page,.m-video-helpful-wrap,.m-video-wm,#gdpr_dismiss,#gdpr_close,#intro .green_box,.header #actions,#actionbar,.pswp,#mw-mf-last-modified,.page_stats,#end_options,#footer_newsletter{display:none}a,a:active,a:visited,a.new{color:#307530;text-decoration:none;word-wrap:break-word}a:active,a:hover{color:#439B05;text-decoration:underline}a.new{color:#B30000}a[title^='User']{color:#307530}a.external{background-image:none}.clearall{clear:both;height:0}#section_0.title_sm{font-size:1.3em}#section_0.title_md{font-size:1.5em}#section_0.title_lg{font-size:1.6em}#section_0 span.ja_how_to{color:#7b9965}#mw-mf-viewport{position:relative;height:100%}#mw-mf-page-center{padding:0;min-height:100%;width:100%;position:relative;z-index:3;background-color:#FFF;transition:all 0.5s ease 0s}#mw-mf-page-center.footerad{padding:0 0 180px}.footerad #footer{bottom:110px}.header_container{background-color:#93B874;position:fixed;border:0;z-index:10;top:0;width:100%}#header_container_small{display:none}#wh-progress-bar{position:absolute;left:0;bottom:0;width:0;height:2px;background-color:#475347;transition:width 1s linear;-webkit-transition:width 1s linear;-moz-transition:width 1s linear;-o-transition:width 1s linear}.header{height:40px;display:table;white-space:nowrap;margin:0 auto;width:100%;border-top:none}#mw-mf-main-menu-button,#wikilove_header,#header_logo,#hs,#actions,#random-button,#secondary-button{width:3em;display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}#actions{width:auto}.header #mw-mf-main-menu-button,.header #secondary-button{text-indent:-9999px;background-repeat:no-repeat}.header #mw-mf-main-menu-button{background-position:40% 40%}.header #secondary-button{background-position:60% 40%}.header #secondary-button.user-button{text-indent:0;text-align:center}.header #secondary-button.user-button:hover{text-decoration:none}.header #secondary-button.user-button span{display:inline-block;width:24px;height:24px;font-weight:bold;color:#fff;line-height:24px;background:#c91f2c;border-radius:2px}.header .search{border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent}#hs,#hs_query{width:72px;position:static}.hs_active .search{padding-right:50px}#hs_query,#hs_close,#hs_submit{display:block;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;height:39px;margin:1px 0 0;padding:0;background-color:transparent;background-repeat:no-repeat;border:none}#hs_query{border:solid 5px #93B874;border-radius:10px;padding:0 5px;-webkit-appearance:none;background:#FFF url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/search_gray.svg) right 4px center / 20px no-repeat;box-sizing:border-box;color:transparent;font-size:16px;transition:width 100ms ease-in-out;outline:none;z-index:1}.hs_notif #hs_query{margin-right:40px}.hs_active.hs_notif #hs_query{margin-right:0}.hs_active #hs_query:valid{background-image:none}#hs_close{width:0;background:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/close.svg) center / 15px no-repeat;z-index:2}#hs_submit{display:none;position:absolute;background-size:20px;background-position:right 9px center;width:40px;z-index:2}.dynamic_poll_link{text-decoration:underline;font-size:14px}@media only screen and (max-width:599px){#hs_query,#hs_submit{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/search_gray.svg)}.hs_active #hs_query{color:#545454;width:100%;padding-left:34px;padding-right:34px;background-position:left 6px bottom 50%}.hs_active #hs_query:valid ~ #hs_submit{display:block;right:auto;left:0}.hs_active #hs_close{width:40px}#hs_query::-webkit-input-placeholder{opacity:0}.hs_active #hs_query::-webkit-input-placeholder{opacity:1}}@media only screen and (min-width:600px){#hs_query{background-color:#B3CE9C;color:#fff;width:30%;padding-left:10px;padding-right:34px}#hs_query,#hs_submit{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/mag_white.png)}#hs_query:valid ~ #hs_submit{display:block}#hs_query::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#E3F8D1}}.content{margin:0;word-wrap:break-word}.content img{max-width:100%;width:100%;height:auto}.content video{max-width:100%;width:100%;height:auto}.content h1,.content h2,.content h3,.content h4,.content h5,.content h6{line-height:1.3;padding:0.5em 0}.content p{margin-bottom:.7em}.content .thumb{margin:15px 0;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:5px;background:#f9f9f9;text-align:center}.content ol ol,.content ul ol,.content ol ul,.content ul ul,dl{margin-left:1em}.pre-content h1,.content h1{font-size:1.8em}h2{font-size:1.5em}h3{font-size:1.2em;font-weight:bold}h4,dl dt{font-weight:bold}sup{vertical-align:super;line-height:normal}sub{vertical-align:sub}sub,sup{font-size:0.83em}pre{white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:break-word}#content_wrapper{padding-top:40px;background-color:#FFF}.pre-content{background-color:#FFF;border-bottom:none;margin:0}.section-heading .indicator{display:none}#section_0{border-bottom:none;color:#222;font-size:26px;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.2em;padding:12px 15px 0}#section_0.special_title{font-size:18px;margin-bottom:.5em;padding:15px 20px}#section_0 a{color:#222;text-decoration:none}.ns-0.action-view #section_0{padding:0 15px}#intro{background-color:#FFF;margin:0;padding:7px 15px 3px}body.action-view #content>#intro{padding-top:7px}#intro p{line-height:20px}#intro .mwimg{margin:-7px -15px 5px -15px}#intro .mwimg img{border-radius:0}.section{margin-top:1em;position:relative}.section .headline_container:not(.subheadline),.steps .headline_container{background-color:#F0F4EB;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;display:table}.headline_container h3,.headline_container h2{font-weight:bold;font-size:1.25em;padding:0}.section h2,.sample h3{display:inline-block;padding:.8em;color:#222}#intro .subtitle{color:#777;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;font-size:1em;margin:-.25em 0 .75em 0;border-bottom:none;background:none}h4.steps_text{position:relative;padding-left:1em;background:#FFF4C4;color:#333}.section>.section_text>h3{background-position:3px center}.step_num{font-size:30px;color:#545454;padding:0 15px 0 0;float:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:39px}.stepanchor{display:block;position:relative;top:-110px;visibility:hidden}.steps_list_2 li{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:16px;line-height:normal;list-style:none;background-color:#FFF;border-radius:4px;padding:20px;clear:both}#content_wrapper{margin:0}.steps_list_2 li li{border:none;margin:0;list-style:disc;padding:0 }.steps_list_2 .mwimg.largeimage{margin:-20px -20px 10px}.mwimg{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);line-height:0;margin-bottom:1em;position:relative;text-align:center}#quick_summary_section .mwimg{margin-bottom:0}.steps_list_2 .mwimg.underwidth{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mwimg.techicon{display:inline;border:none}.mwimg.techicon img{width:auto;height:30px !important;position:relative;min-height:0;min-width:0}.mwimg.techicon .content-spacer{width:auto;height:30px !important;padding-top:0 !important;display:inline}.content img.whvgif{width:100%;max-width:760px !important}.caption{position:absolute;width:96%;bottom:0;left:0;background-color:#444;opacity:0.7;text-align:left;font-size:12px;line-height:normal;padding:5px 2%;color:#fff}.mwimg.tright{float:right}.steps_list_2 li li .mwimg.largeimage{margin:5px 0}.section_text,.steps_text{padding:15px;background-color:#FFF;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;font-size:16px}.steps.sample .section_text{background-color:#FFF}.sample p{padding:.9em;margin:0}#quicksummary{padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:-15px}#video.section_text{padding:0}#quick_summary_section.section_text{padding-bottom:0}#video .embedvideocontainer{width:100%}.content .steps_list_2 ul,.content .steps_list_2 ol{margin:8px 0 0 30px}.steps .section_text{background-color:inherit;padding:0;border:none}.altblock{background:#93b874;color:#FFF;text-align:center;padding:0;border-radius:7px;font-size:0;width:3rem;height:3rem;display:table;position:absolute;margin:.625rem;top:0}.altblock > div{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.altblock > div > span{font-size:21px;font-weight:bold}.headline_info{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;padding:.6rem .35rem .6rem 4.5rem;height:3rem}.headline_container:not(.block_header) .headline_info{padding:0}.method_label{font-size:16px;font-weight:normal;color:#707070}#thingsyoullneed{overflow:hidden}#ingredients li,#thingsyoullneed li{clear:both;list-style:none;margin-bottom:1.1em;line-height:20px}#thingsyoullneed li > ul{margin-top:10px;margin-left:27px}.checkmark{border:1px solid #a3a3a3;width:.9em;height:.9em;border-radius:4px;float:left;margin-right:.5em} .section:not(.steps) h3{font-weight:normal;font-size:1rem}.section:not(.steps) .subheadline{position:relative}.section:not(.steps) .subheadline .altblock{margin:.15rem 0 0;height:1rem;width:1rem;border-radius:0}.section:not(.steps) .subheadline .headline_info{display:inline-block;padding:0 0 .5em 1.5em;height:auto}.section:not(.steps) .block_header h2{padding:0;height:3rem;display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.section.tips .altblock{background:#93b874 url(/skins/owl/images/tips_icon.svg) center / 32px no-repeat}.section.warnings .altblock{background:#93b874 url(/skins/owl/images/warnings_icon.svg) center / 32px no-repeat}.tysk .headline_container{background:#F0F4EB 0 0 / 42px repeat-y;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 1 1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2393b874' d='M0 0h.5v1H0z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.section.tysk h2{padding-left:2.25rem}.content ul{list-style:disc inside}.section h2.android,.section h3.android,.tool div.android{top:0}.content .edit-page{display:none}.stable .content p,.stable .content li,.stable .content dl{line-height:25px}#header_logo{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;background:center / 115px no-repeat url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/wikihow_logo_230.png);width:auto;height:38px;padding:0 14px}#skip-main{width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:6px;top:6px}#skip-main:focus,#skip-main:active{width:fit-content;height:fit-content;overflow:visible;color:white;padding:2px;font-weight:bold;z-index:999;background-color:#92B874 }.header #mw-mf-main-menu-button{width:72px;border-right:none;background:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/main_menu_button.svg) left 15px bottom 50% / 18px no-repeat}.header #mw-mf-main-menu-button,.header #secondary-button{height:auto}.header #secondary-button.user-button{padding-top:.35em}#random-button{background:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_random.svg) center no-repeat}.wh_search .cse_q{border:none}.breadcrumbs li{display:inline-block;padding-right:.3em}.breadcrumbs li:after{content:' \20\00BB'}.breadcrumbs li:last-child:after{content:''}#breadcrumb{font-size:.7em;padding:1em 0 .7em 15px;text-transform:uppercase}#breadcrumb li{display:none;line-height:1em;padding-right:.5em}#breadcrumb li:after{color:#307530;font-size:1.25em;white-space:pre}#breadcrumb li:nth-last-child(2),#breadcrumb li:last-child{display:inline-block;font-weight:bold} .button,button,.panel .button,.panel button,.buttonBar .button,.buttonBar button,.buttonBar input[type="submit"],.mw-ui-button,input[type="submit"]{border-radius:4px;text-align:center;color:#FFF;padding:8px 11px;font-size:1.1em;margin-right:10px;cursor:pointer;background-image:none;background-color:#97ba78;border:1px solid #97ba78;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none}.button.secondary{color:#686868;background-color:#fff;background-image:none;border:1px solid #e5e5e5} #wh_ad_middle_related{float:left}#wh_ad_tips,#pagebottom{margin-top:12px}.al_method{text-align:center;font-size:12px;color:#999}#references_first ins{margin-top:10px}.method_ad{margin:17px 0 0 -16px;display:block}.wh_ad1_full{margin-left:-16px}.embedvideocontainer{position:relative;width:99%;height:0;padding-bottom:56.25%}.section.video.youtube_short_articles{display:block}.section.video.youtube_short_articles .headline_info{display:none}.embedvideocontainer.ytshort{position:relative;width:auto;height:0;padding-bottom:177.78%}.embedvideo{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}body.action-view #fa_container p{width:100%;font-size:16px !important;line-height:16px !important}.content #intro ul,.content .section_text ul{list-style:disc outside;padding-left:24px}.content .section_text .steps_list_2 ul,.content .ingredients ul,.content .thingsyoullneed ul{padding-left:0}.content #intro li,.content .section_text ul li{margin-bottom:5px}.content .section_text.expert_advice_section ul li{margin-bottom:12px;font-size:14px;line-height:22px;list-style:none}.content .section_text.expert_advice_section ul{padding-left:16px}.content .expert_advice_section p{margin-bottom:10px;color:#5f5f5f;font-size:14px;line-height:23px}.content .section_text .steps_list_2 ul li,.content .ingredients ul li,.content .thingsyoullneed ul li{margin-bottom:0}.content .ingredients ul ul{margin:20px 0 0 26px}#social_proof_anchor{margin-top:-115px;display:block;position:absolute}.related-article{float:left;position:relative;width:100%;margin-bottom:2%}#relatedwikihows{padding:2%}.content-spacer{position:relative}.content-fill{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;width:1px;min-width:100%;height:1px;min-height:100%;color:#fff }#mobile_tab_container{position:relative;border:1px solid #E6EEE0;border-width:1px 0;clear:both;background:#f7faf6;margin:5px -15px 15px;box-shadow:0 6px 6px -6px rgba(84,84,84,.3)}#mobile_tab_container a,#mobile_tab_container a:visited{color:#707070}.mobile_tab{position:relative;margin:0 1em 0 1.3em;padding:.7em 0 .8em;font-weight:bold;font-size:.8em;display:inline-block}.mobile_tab.video{margin-left:0}.mobile_tab a{padding:.2em 0}.mobile_tab.video a{padding-right:1.9em;background:right 0 bottom 57% / 18px no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15 15'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23fff' stroke='%23a3a3a3' d='M14.13 3a2.66 2.66 0 00-1.06-1.1 3.84 3.84 0 00-2.16-.4H4.1a3.88 3.88 0 00-2.17.4A2.69 2.69 0 00.88 3 4.47 4.47 0 00.5 5.34v4.32A4.5 4.5 0 00.88 12a2.69 2.69 0 001 1.14 3.88 3.88 0 002.17.4h6.81a3.84 3.84 0 002.16-.4A2.66 2.66 0 0014.13 12a4.53 4.53 0 00.37-2.3V5.34A4.51 4.51 0 0014.13 3z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23a3a3a3' d='M10.76 7.84a.78.78 0 01-.31.34l-4.74 2.53a.68.68 0 01-.93-.34.76.76 0 01-.08-.37V5a.73.73 0 01.7-.75.65.65 0 01.31.08l4.74 2.53a.78.78 0 01.31.98z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#mobile_tab_line{position:absolute;bottom:0;background-color:#6d9d6c;height:4px;width:90%;margin-left:5%;border-radius:4px 4px 0 0}.summarysection.mwimg,.summarysection .mwimg{margin:-16px -15px 0}.content .m-video{max-width:100%;width:100%;height:auto}.summary-video{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.video-poster-image{position:absolute;z-index:1}.video-poster-image img{object-fit:cover}.green_tips_box_inline{background-color:#fff5d9;color:#000;margin:0;width:75%;display:inline}.img-loading-hide{visibility:hidden}.img-loading-alt{color:#000}#gdpr{width:100%;margin:0 auto;position:fixed;bottom:0;max-height:70px;z-index:10000;text-align:center;background-color:#475347;color:#FFF;padding:9px 5px;display:none}.gdpr_button,button.gdpr_button{background-color:#b6e684;border:1px solid #b6e684;color:#000;display:inline-block;font-size:0.8em;font-weight:bold;padding:5px 10px 6px 10px;-moz-border-radius:4px;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:super;margin-left:5px;margin-right:0}#gdpr_text{font-size:0.9em;display:inline-block;max-width:73%;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle}#gdpr_text a{color:#EEE;text-decoration:underline}#gdpr_text_inner{padding-right:3px}#gdpr_accept_wrap{display:inline-block}#gdpr_cp_link{font-size:13px;color:#FFF;text-decoration:underline;display:inline-block}.mw-mf-display-toggle > a{color:#AFAFAF;font-size:1em}.mw-mf-display-toggle{bottom:0;margin:3em 0 10px 13px;color:#AFAFAF;font-size:.75em}.geo-group-eu .mw-mf-display-toggle{padding-left:0;background:none}.gdpr_only{visibility:hidden}.no_gdpr{visibility:visible}.geo-group-eu .gdpr_only{visibility:visible}.geo-group-eu .no_gdpr{visibility:hidden}#mw-mf-page-left{position:fixed !important;overflow-y:scroll;height:100%}body.navigation-enabled #mw-mf-page-left{display:block}.noarticletext div{border:none !important;padding:0;margin-bottom:0.75em}ol.references{padding-left:.5em}.references li{position:relative;list-style-position:outside}.references li span{margin-left:3px;word-break:break-word}.references li > a{float:left;margin-top:-2px}.sourcesandcitations{word-break:break-all}.sourcesandcitations .section_text{padding-left:30px} #aiinfo:target ~ .aidata,#social_proof_mobile:target ~ .aidata{display:block}.aidata,#aiinfo:target,#social_proof_mobile:target ~ #aiinfo{display:none}.section.articleinfo{margin-top:0;padding-top:0}.articleinfo #articleinfo{margin-top:-5px;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;border-top:none;position:relative}#articleinfo #info_link{width:100%;display:block}#articleinfo #info_link,.collapse_link{ background:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/show_sources.svg) right .5em center / 20px no-repeat} #social_proof_mobile + .articleinfo #articleinfo,#summary_wrapper + .articleinfo #articleinfo{ padding:15px;border-top:1px solid #f3f3f3;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;margin-top:-5px;position:relative;z-index:1}#summary_close{display:none}#references_second{padding-top:0;border-top:0;margin-top:-10px;border-top-left-radius:0;border-top-right-radius:0} .article_byline{color:#222;font-size:12px;overflow:auto}#intro .article_byline p{line-height:1rem;margin:0}#recipe_byline{line-height:24px; }#coauthor_byline{margin-bottom:.75rem}#byline_info{line-height:1rem}.newline{display:block}#coauthor_byline_p{color:#595959}.last_updated_highlighted{font-weight:bold}#coauthor_byline_p{padding-top:.1em}.coauthor_link{font-weight:bold}.coauthor_pipe{padding:0 .15em}.coauthor_checkstar{padding-right:1.2em;background:right center / .9em no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='14' height='14' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M13.499 7.249c.031-.506-.475-.98-1.234-1.265.633-.538.917-1.17.728-1.645-.19-.443-.823-.664-1.582-.6.285-.728.285-1.36-.063-1.708-.38-.348-1.043-.253-1.707.126C9.609 1.367 9.324.766 8.85.64c-.506-.158-1.075.253-1.55.949C6.92.86 6.383.418 5.877.513c-.506.095-.853.664-.948 1.454-.633-.474-1.297-.6-1.708-.316-.443.285-.506.917-.285 1.645-.759-.127-1.391 0-1.644.442-.253.443 0 1.076.538 1.676C1.039 5.636.5 6.047.5 6.553c-.031.506.475 1.012 1.234 1.265-.601.569-.917 1.201-.696 1.676.19.474.822.664 1.581.6-.284.728-.284 1.36.063 1.708.38.316 1.044.253 1.708-.126.032.79.316 1.36.79 1.518.507.158 1.076-.253 1.55-.949.38.727.917 1.17 1.423 1.075.506-.095.854-.664.949-1.454.632.474 1.296.6 1.708.316.41-.285.474-.949.253-1.676.759.126 1.391 0 1.644-.443.253-.443 0-1.075-.538-1.676.791-.221 1.329-.633 1.329-1.138Z' fill='%2355AAE4'/%3E%3Cpath d='m10.052 5.699-3.51 3.51a.2.2 0 0 1-.285 0L3.948 7.343c-.19-.19-.19-.284 0-.474l.633-.632c.253-.253.316-.19.506 0l1.138.885c.063.063.19.063.253-.032L8.976 4.53c.19-.19.285-.221.475 0l.632.632c.19.253.222.285-.031.538Z' fill='%23fff'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.coauthor_avatar_badge.staff_badge{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%0A%3Csvg width='12' height='12' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Ccircle cx='6' cy='6' r='6' fill='%239CB77C'/%3E%3Cpath d='M.555 4.589h1.808v.66h-.075c-.087 0-.143.009-.168.027a.108.108 0 0 0-.048.092c0 .034.01.083.031.147l.479 1.477.413-1.152-.11-.325a.43.43 0 0 0-.119-.202.337.337 0 0 0-.205-.064v-.66h1.72v.66h-.14c-.078 0-.132.01-.162.034a.117.117 0 0 0-.044.099c0 .04.014.1.041.178l.414 1.227.417-1.227a.619.619 0 0 0 .04-.182.104.104 0 0 0-.05-.095c-.033-.023-.1-.034-.206-.034h-.078v-.66h1.534v.66a.708.708 0 0 0-.215.02.225.225 0 0 0-.089.065.96.96 0 0 0-.106.226L4.717 8h-.905l-.51-1.377L2.784 8h-.912l-.9-2.44a.767.767 0 0 0-.116-.216.193.193 0 0 0-.088-.075.822.822 0 0 0-.212-.02v-.66Z' fill='%231D221D'/%3E%3Cpath d='M5.75 3.232h2.327v.66h-.215c-.119 0-.2.012-.243.037a.194.194 0 0 0-.092.103.923.923 0 0 0-.027.287v.83h1.736v-.892a.785.785 0 0 0-.02-.222.18.18 0 0 0-.093-.113c-.043-.02-.139-.03-.287-.03h-.181v-.66h2.334v.66h-.195c-.132 0-.22.011-.263.034a.18.18 0 0 0-.092.095c-.016.042-.024.14-.024.298v2.584c0 .16.01.263.03.31a.21.21 0 0 0 .1.1c.046.018.148.027.307.027h.137V8H8.655v-.66h.154c.143 0 .24-.011.29-.034a.19.19 0 0 0 .106-.099c.02-.043.03-.145.03-.304V5.895H7.5v1.008c0 .16.006.258.02.297a.186.186 0 0 0 .106.113.981.981 0 0 0 .29.027h.161V8H5.75v-.66h.157a.774.774 0 0 0 .277-.034.192.192 0 0 0 .106-.096c.02-.04.03-.13.03-.27V4.35c0-.162-.01-.267-.03-.315a.196.196 0 0 0-.09-.11.558.558 0 0 0-.239-.033H5.75v-.66Z' fill='%23fff'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:19px}.coauthor_avatar_badge.no_badge{background-image:none}.coauthor_avatar_badge{height:19px;width:19px;position:absolute;margin:37px 0 0 37px;z-index:1; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='14' height='14' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M13.499 7.249c.031-.506-.475-.98-1.234-1.265.633-.538.917-1.17.728-1.645-.19-.443-.823-.664-1.582-.6.285-.728.285-1.36-.063-1.708-.38-.348-1.043-.253-1.707.126C9.609 1.367 9.324.766 8.85.64c-.506-.158-1.075.253-1.55.949C6.92.86 6.383.418 5.877.513c-.506.095-.853.664-.948 1.454-.633-.474-1.297-.6-1.708-.316-.443.285-.506.917-.285 1.645-.759-.127-1.391 0-1.644.442-.253.443 0 1.076.538 1.676C1.039 5.636.5 6.047.5 6.553c-.031.506.475 1.012 1.234 1.265-.601.569-.917 1.201-.696 1.676.19.474.822.664 1.581.6-.284.728-.284 1.36.063 1.708.38.316 1.044.253 1.708-.126.032.79.316 1.36.79 1.518.507.158 1.076-.253 1.55-.949.38.727.917 1.17 1.423 1.075.506-.095.854-.664.949-1.454.632.474 1.296.6 1.708.316.41-.285.474-.949.253-1.676.759.126 1.391 0 1.644-.443.253-.443 0-1.075-.538-1.676.791-.221 1.329-.633 1.329-1.138Z' fill='%2355AAE4'/%3E%3Cpath d='m10.052 5.699-3.51 3.51a.2.2 0 0 1-.285 0L3.948 7.343c-.19-.19-.19-.284 0-.474l.633-.632c.253-.253.316-.19.506 0l1.138.885c.063.063.19.063.253-.032L8.976 4.53c.19-.19.285-.221.475 0l.632.632c.19.253.222.285-.031.538Z' fill='%23fff'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:cover}.coauthor_circle_i{padding-left:1.2em;background:left 1px / .9em no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 100 100' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cg fill='none' fill-rule='evenodd'%3E%3Ccircle fill='%23307530' cx='50' cy='50' r='50'/%3E%3Crect fill='%23FFF' x='42' y='39' width='16' height='42' rx='4'/%3E%3Ccircle fill='%23FFF' cx='50' cy='26' r='9'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#coauthor_image{float:left;margin:3px 10px 0 0;border-radius:16%;width:50px;height:50px;max-width:50px;overflow:hidden}.article_byline .sp_star_section_upper{margin-bottom:-4px;min-width:115px}.byline_extra{white-space:nowrap}.byline_references{background:left center no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 9.12 11.86'%3E%3Cg opacity='.8'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23595959' d='M8.66,2.74H1.82a.92.92,0,0,1,0-1.83H8.66A.46.46,0,0,0,9.12.46.46.46,0,0,0,8.66,0H1.82A1.83,1.83,0,0,0,0,1.82V10a1.84,1.84,0,0,0,1.82,1.83H8.66a.47.47,0,0,0,.46-.46h0V3.19a.46.46,0,0,0-.46-.45Zm-6.84,8.2A.91.91,0,0,1,.91,10V3.39a1.74,1.74,0,0,0,.91.26H8.21V11Zm7.3-9.12a.45.45,0,0,1-.45.46H1.82a.46.46,0,0,1,0-.91H8.66a.46.46,0,0,1,.46.45Z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");padding-left:1.2em}#coauthor_byline .byline_info_link{margin-right:.5em;color:#595959}#coauthor_byline .eat_tag{margin-right:.5em;color:#595959}.success_stories{padding-right:.3em}.ss_pipe{color:#e9e7e3}.byline_success{white-space:nowrap;background:left center / 1em no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 16.276 15.081'%3E%3Cg transform='translate(-44.1 -201.134)'%3E%3Cpath d='M57.213 209.537v6.107a.572.572 0 01-.571.571h-8.858a.572.572 0 01-.571-.571v-6.107a.572.572 0 01.571-.571.585.585 0 01.14.023.508.508 0 01.315.2.6.6 0 01.117.35v3.508h6.119a.571.571 0 110 1.142h-6.12v.886h7.716v-5.536a.571.571 0 011.142 0z' fill='%2397ba78'/%3E%3Cpath d='M52.213 201.134l-.606 1.224a2.5 2.5 0 00-1.876 2.471.541.541 0 01-.07.268.563.563 0 01-.769.233 2.322 2.322 0 00-1.177-.291H47.7a2.5 2.5 0 00-2.459 2.552 2.538 2.538 0 001.97 2.517l.711-1.119a.508.508 0 01.315.2l-1.026 2.075a3.708 3.708 0 01.5-7.366 4.032 4.032 0 01.979.128 3.617 3.617 0 013.523-2.892z' fill='%2397ba78'/%3E%3Cpath d='M52.259 201.134l.606 1.224a2.5 2.5 0 011.876 2.471.541.541 0 00.07.268.563.563 0 00.769.233 2.322 2.322 0 011.177-.291h.012a2.5 2.5 0 012.459 2.552 2.538 2.538 0 01-1.97 2.517l-.711-1.119a.509.509 0 00-.315.2l1.026 2.075a3.708 3.708 0 00-.5-7.366 4.032 4.032 0 00-.979.128 3.617 3.617 0 00-3.52-2.892z' fill='%2397ba78'/%3E%3Cpath d='M48.146 205.709a2.253 2.253 0 00-2.209 2.274.564.564 0 001.126 0 1.091 1.091 0 011.069-1.113h.014a.581.581 0 000-1.161z' fill='%2397ba78'/%3E%3Cpath d='M51.064 202.568a2.763 2.763 0 012.347 0l-1.042-1.434H52.1z' fill='%2397ba78'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");padding-left:1.2em}#coauthor_byline .eat_tag{font-weight:600;padding-left:1.3em;background:left center / 1em no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 7.154 7.154'%3E%3Cg transform='translate(-58.981 -26.634)' opacity='.8'%3E%3Cpath d='M64.456 29.509l-2.2 2.2a.125.125 0 01-.177 0l-1.446-1.169c-.119-.119-.119-.179 0-.3l.4-.4c.158-.159.2-.119.317 0l.713.554a.105.105 0 00.148-.006l.01-.013 1.565-1.6c.119-.119.178-.137.3 0l.4.4c.108.156.128.175-.03.334z' fill='%23595959'/%3E%3Crect width='6.554' height='6.554' rx='1.689' transform='translate(59.281 26.934)' fill='none' stroke='%23595959' stroke-miterlimit='10' stroke-width='.6'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.eat_tag:hover{text-decoration:none}.sp_expert_text{line-height:52px;text-align:left;margin-left:65px}.sp_expert_text > div{line-height:normal;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin:0 auto;color:#222}.sp_expert_name,.sp_expert_team{font-size:16px;font-weight:bold}.sp_expert_blurb{font-weight:normal}.sp_coauthor_label{font-size:.85em;font-weight:bold;color:#545454}.ar_avatar{width:50px;height:50px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;border-radius:16%;margin-top:2px;box-sizing:border-box}.expert_initials{background:#97ba78;color:#475346;text-align:center;font-size:22px;font-weight:bold;line-height:50px}.sp_top_icon_bg{margin:0;position:absolute;width:50px;height:50px;background-color:#ADC996;border-radius:16%}.sp_top_icon_bg_div{background-repeat:no-repeat}#trust_banner{width:100%;position:relative;z-index:1;box-sizing:border-box;background-color:#e4ecdc;padding:.5em 15px;font-size:12px;line-height:1em;top:40px}#trust_banner > div{max-width:728px;margin:0 auto}#trust_banner a{color:#417505;padding-left:1.5em;font-weight:normal; background:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_expert_icon_white.svg) left center / 1.1em no-repeat}#trust_banner span{display:none}.sp_star_section_upper{display:inline-block}.sp_star_container{position:relative;width:21px;height:20px;float:left;border-right:2px solid transparent;background:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_helpful_icon_star_empty.optimized.svg) 0 0 / cover no-repeat}.sp_helpful_icon_star{width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;background:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_helpful_icon_star.optimized.svg) 0 0 / cover no-repeat}.pretty_star,.sp_helpful_box .recipe_star{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 26.028 24.652'%3E%3Cpath fill='%2393B874' d='M13.014 0l4.022 8.115 8.992 1.301-6.507 6.316 1.536 8.919-8.043-4.211-8.043 4.211 1.536-8.919L0 9.416l8.992-1.301L13.014 0z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.recipe_star{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 26.028 24.652'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23fecf4f' d='M13.014 0l4.022 8.115 8.992 1.301-6.507 6.316 1.536 8.919-8.043-4.211-8.043 4.211 1.536-8.919L0 9.416l8.992-1.301L13.014 0z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")} @media only screen and (min-width:500px) and (min-aspect-ratio:13/9){.content .sticking .edit-page{margin-right:50px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.mwimg{border-bottom:none}.related-article{width:48%;margin-right:2%}}.skin-minervawh .content .section-heading{margin-bottom:0;border:none}.content ol{list-style:decimal inside}.content .in-block.steps_text{display:block}.mw-mf-cleanup{display:block;padding:10px 15px 10px 44px;background:url(/extensions/wikihow/MobileFrontendWikihow/images/wikihow/icon-notification.svg) 10px center / 24px no-repeat;margin-bottom:4px}.overlay-issues .cleanup > li .issue-notice{padding-top:50px} #sidebar #jpt_sidebox{padding:0;background-color:#f6f5f4}#footer_ccpa,#footer_ccpa_optout{display:none}.reference.trusted{background:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_expert_icon_white.svg) no-repeat right 2px/12px;padding-right:14px;display:inline-block}.reference{position:relative} .bolded{font-weight:bold;font-size:14px}.steps_text.healthintro{margin-bottom:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0}.healtharticle{margin-bottom:25px}.healtharticle .altblock{background:#93b874 url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowhealth/icon_wikihow_health.svg) center / 32px no-repeat}a.pdf_link,a.offline_link{color:#545454;border-radius:4px}a.offline_link{color:white}.small_pdf_link,.small_offline_link{display:inline-flex;font-size:12px;margin:-5px 0 10px;padding:.35em;border:1px solid #e7e7e7;background-color:#f6f6f6}.small_offline_link{border:none;background-color:#93b874;padding:5px 7px}.hide_pdf_button{display:none}.pdf_link > img,.offline_link > img{width:15px;margin-right:5px}.large_pdf_link,.large_offline_link{display:none}.pdf_link.pdf_link_hidden,.offline_link.pdf_link_hidden{display:none !important}a.pdf_link.disabled,a.offline_link.disabled{pointer-events:none;opacity:.2}a.pdf_link:hover,a.pdf_link:active,a.offline_link:hover,a.offline_link:active{text-decoration:none}.pdf_pro_div{display:inline-block;font-size:10px;color:#FFF;background:#FFCF5A;border-radius:2px;margin-left:.75em;padding:0 .5em;height:16px;line-height:17px}.pdf_pro_div{background:#93b874}.offline_link{display:none}.list_method .method_label,.list_method .step_num{display:none}.list_method .step,.list_method li,.list_method .section_text{font-size:18px;line-height:26px}.list_method #mf-section-0 p{font-size:18px;line-height:26px} #sd_container{border:none}#sd_container{padding:15px;background-color:#FFF;-moz-border-radius:4px;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-flex;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-justify-content:space-around;-ms-flex-pack:distribute;justify-content:space-around;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch}.sd_content{width:125px;margin:auto}.sd_thumb{position:relative;text-align:center;width:100%;max-width:200px;margin:6px}.sd_thumb img{border:1px solid #BBB;width:100%;height:auto} .qa_user_hover{display:none} .qa_answers{position:relative}.qa_obscured_prompt{display:block;position:absolute;left:0;top:3.75em;right:0;bottom:0;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);z-index:2}.qa_unlocked .qa_obscured_prompt{display:none}.sd_obscured_link{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;bottom:0;right:0;cursor:pointer}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay,.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay{position:absolute;background-color:#F7FAF5;box-shadow:1px 1px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.41);border-radius:5px;padding:10px 15px;z-index:1;box-sizing:border-box;display:table}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay{left:1em;top:0.5em;text-shadow:none;color:initial;min-height:72px;max-width:85%}.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay{font-size:smaller}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay:hover,.sd_obscured_link:hover .sd_obscured_thumb_overlay{background-color:#F2F6EB}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay a,.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay a{font-weight:bold}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay a:hover,.sd_obscured_link:hover .sd_obscured_thumb_overlay a{text-decoration:none}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay_img,.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay_img{position:absolute;border:none !important}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay_img{width:37px !important}.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay_img{width:24px !important}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay p,.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay p{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0 0 52px;margin:0}#sd_container .sd_thumb .sd_obscured_thumb_overlay p{line-height:18px}.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay p{padding:0 0 0 32px}.qa_obscured_answer_overlay p strong,.sd_obscured_thumb_overlay p strong{color:#307530}.qa_answer.qa_obscured_answer{margin:1em 0 0 0;color:transparent;text-shadow:0 0 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.5)}.sd_obscured_prompt{padding-top:25%}.qa_obscured_cta{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;font-size:0.7em;font-weight:normal;text-align:right;background-color:#FDF5D1;padding:13px;border-top-right-radius:4px;max-width:62%}.qa_obscured_cta_pitch{display:block;font-weight:bold}.qa_obscured_cta_link{display:inline-block;font-weight:bold}@media only screen and (max-width:727px){.qa_obscured_cta{display:none}}#eu_cp_save{display:none}.menuitem.top_cat{padding-left:25px;font-size:14px;line-height:22px}#promopair_container{display:none}#housebottom_ad{display:none}.house-promo{display:none}#left_sidebox{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:727px){.sample_initial_location{display:none}}#footer_links li{word-break:break-word}.cat_grid_filter{display:none}.ccpa_footer_extra{display:none}.maticons_for_googlefc{font-family:"Material Icons";font-size:0}.opensans_for_googlefc{font-family:"Open Sans",sans-serif;font-size:0}#debug_hover{height:280px;width:100%;position:fixed;left:0;bottom:0}#debug_hover ul{display:inline-block;background:white}#summary_text{display:none}.s-help-wrap{display:none}.section_text .collapse_link{width:100%;display:block;color:#545454}.section.aidata{margin-top:0px}@media only screen and (min-width:728px){.section.aidata{margin-top:-12px}}.collapse_link.open{margin-bottom:5px;background-image:none}.image_details{display:none}.related-wh{position:relative;margin-bottom:0}.related-wh-title{bottom:6px}.m-video-intro-over{position:absolute;top:0;z-index:3;width:100%;visibility:hidden;background:rgba(0,0,0,.3);height:100%}.section.summary_with_video h2{background-color:#F0F4EB;color:#fff;border-bottom:0}.summary_with_video h2 span.mw-headline{color:#222}.m-video-play-count-triangle{width:0;height:0;border-top:11px solid rgba(145,182,115,1);border-bottom:11px solid rgba(145,182,115,1);border-left:20px solid #fff;display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:19px;left:20px;background-image:none}.m-video-intro-over .m-video-play{border:none;width:74px;height:60px;padding-left:47px;line-height:60px;color:#fff;font-size:18px;top:0;bottom:0;font-weight:bold;margin:auto;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;text-align:left;cursor:default;user-select:none}.m-video-intro-over .m-video-play-text{background-color:#91b673;border-radius:10px;padding-right:21px;padding-left:47px;margin-left:-47px;display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap}.m-video::-webkit-media-controls-overlay-play-button{display:none}.m-video-controls{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:0;bottom:0}@media only screen and (min-width:728px){.section.summary_with_video h2{background-color:#FFF;border-radius:4px 4px 0 0}}.content .portrait .m-video{aspect-ratio:9/16;max-width:430px}.content .portrait .m-video-controls{margin:0 auto;max-width:430px}@media only screen and (min-width:728px){.section.quicksummary.vertical_video{margin-top:0}}.m-video-intro-text:nth-child(1){font-size:2em}.m-video-intro-text.m-video-intro-text-long{font-size:1.5em}.m-video-intro-text.m-video-intro-text-very-long{font-size:1em}#m-video-intro-time-v2{bottom:-11px;font-size:1.2em;height:48px;width:43px;line-height:2.65em}.video .mw-headline{display:inline}.header .search{display:table-cell}.header .search .cse_q{width:25px;height:25px;padding-right:25px}.header .search .cse_q:focus{position:absolute;left:5px;top:5px;right:5px;width:auto}.header .search .cse_sa{background-color:transparent;background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/gray_mag.png); background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/gray_mag.svg);background-size:25px 25px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center center;width:25px;height:25px;border:none;margin:0;padding:0;cursor:pointer;right:10px}#mw-mf-viewport{background-color:#E9E7E3}#mw-mf-viewport.menuopen{overflow:auto}#sidebar{display:none}.section.bss_share_container{margin-top:0;text-align:center}.bss_share_container > div{background:#F6F6F6;width:100%;max-width:300px;margin:auto}.bss_share_title.section-heading{border:0;background:none}.bss_share_container .section_text{padding-top:0px;background:none}.bss_share_button.button.secondary{display:inline-block;font-weight:bold;color:#97ba78;border:1px #97ba78 solid;background-color:#fff;margin-right:0}#mw-mf-page-left{position:fixed;height:auto;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;min-width:275px;visibility:hidden;z-index:4;overflow-y:auto;-webkit-transform:translate(-100%,0);-ms-transform:translate(-100%,0);transform:translate(-100%,0);-webkit-transition:opacity 250ms ease-in-out,visibility 250ms ease-in-out,transform 250ms ease-in-out;transition:opacity 250ms ease-in-out,visibility 250ms ease-in-out,transform 250ms ease-in-out}#mw-mf-page-left ul li a{font-size:0.9em}#mw-mf-page-left.menu_opened{visibility:visible;box-shadow:1px 0 8px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 35%);-webkit-transform:translate(0,0);-ms-transform:translate(0,0);transform:translate(0,0)}#mw-mf-page-left .icon-user{position:relative;font-weight:bold}#mw-mf-page-left .icon-user .icon-secondary{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;bottom:0;border-left:1px solid #a2a9b1}.header.love_button #mw-mf-main-menu-button{width:50px}.love_button #hs,.love_button #hs_query{width:60px}.love_button #hs.hs_active,.love_button .hs_active #hs_query{width:100%}#wikilove_button.button{display:block;background:#FABC3B;color:#FFF;font-size:.8em;font-weight:bold;padding:.25em .5em;margin:0;border-radius:7px;border:none}.mobile_tab.compquiz{margin-left:0}.mobile_tab.compquiz a{padding-right:1.9em;background:right 0 bottom 57% / 18px no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xml:space='preserve' width='747' height='770' overflow='hidden'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath id='a'%3E%3Cpath d='M3272 64h747v770h-747z'/%3E%3C/clipPath%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cg clip-path='url(%23a)' transform='translate(-3272 -64)'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FFF' stroke='%23A3A3A3' stroke-miterlimit='8' stroke-width='20.625' d='M3283.5 119.487c0-22.637 18.35-40.987 40.99-40.987h641.02c22.64 0 40.99 18.35 40.99 40.987v660.026c0 22.637-18.35 40.987-40.99 40.987h-641.02c-22.64 0-40.99-18.35-40.99-40.987Z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FFF' stroke='%23A3A3A3' stroke-miterlimit='8' stroke-width='20.625' d='M3522.5 254.5c0-67.379 54.62-122 122-122s122 54.621 122 122c0 67.379-54.62 122-122 122s-122-54.621-122-122Zm-171 203.5c0-22.92 18.58-41.5 41.5-41.5s41.5 18.58 41.5 41.5-18.58 41.5-41.5 41.5-41.5-18.58-41.5-41.5Z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23A3A3A3' fill-rule='evenodd' stroke='%23A3A3A3' stroke-miterlimit='8' stroke-width='20.625' d='M3351.5 594c0-22.92 18.58-41.5 41.5-41.5s41.5 18.58 41.5 41.5-18.58 41.5-41.5 41.5-41.5-18.58-41.5-41.5Z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FFF' stroke='%23A3A3A3' stroke-miterlimit='8' stroke-width='20.625' d='M3351.5 730.5c0-23.196 18.58-42 41.5-42s41.5 18.804 41.5 42-18.58 42-41.5 42-41.5-18.804-41.5-42Z'/%3E%3Ctext fill='%23A3A3A3' font-family='Arial,Arial_MSFontService,sans-serif' font-size='183' font-weight='700' transform='translate(3587.37 318)'%3E%3F%3C/text%3E%3Cpath fill='%23A3A3A3' fill-rule='evenodd' stroke='%23A3A3A3' stroke-miterlimit='8' stroke-width='4.583' d='M3473.5 440.334a8.83 8.83 0 0 1 8.83-8.834h243.34c4.87 0 8.83 3.955 8.83 8.834v35.332c0 4.879-3.96 8.834-8.83 8.834h-243.34a8.83 8.83 0 0 1-8.83-8.834Zm0 136a8.83 8.83 0 0 1 8.83-8.834h441.34c4.87 0 8.83 3.955 8.83 8.834v35.332c0 4.879-3.96 8.834-8.83 8.834h-441.34a8.83 8.83 0 0 1-8.83-8.834Zm0 136a8.83 8.83 0 0 1 8.83-8.834h325.34a8.83 8.83 0 0 1 8.83 8.834v35.333a8.83 8.83 0 0 1-8.83 8.833h-325.34a8.83 8.83 0 0 1-8.83-8.833Z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.mobile_tab.readervoices{margin-left:0}.mobile_tab.readervoices a{padding-right:1.9em;background:right 0 bottom 57% / 18px no-repeat; background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='307' height='307' fill='none'%3E%3Cmask id='a' width='257' height='257' x='25' y='25' maskUnits='userSpaceOnUse' style='mask-type:alpha'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23fff' d='M89.542 230.25c-3.625 0-6.665-1.228-9.12-3.684-2.457-2.456-3.68-5.492-3.672-9.108v-25.583h166.292V76.75h25.583c3.624 0 6.664 1.228 9.12 3.684 2.456 2.456 3.68 5.492 3.672 9.108v191.875L230.25 230.25H89.542Zm-63.959-12.792V38.375c0-3.624 1.228-6.665 3.684-9.12 2.456-2.456 5.492-3.68 9.108-3.672h166.292c3.624 0 6.664 1.228 9.12 3.684 2.456 2.456 3.68 5.492 3.671 9.108V153.5c0 3.624-1.228 6.664-3.684 9.12-2.456 2.456-5.492 3.68-9.107 3.672H76.75l-51.167 51.166Z'/%3E%3C/mask%3E%3Cg fill='%23F4B642' mask='url(%23a)'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 0h228.745v182.093H0z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M0 153.5h75.245v81.265H0zM224.23 72.235H307v209.181h-82.77z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M66.216 185.103H307v60.196H66.216z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E")}@media only screen and (min-width:600px){.love_button #hs,.love_button #hs.hs_active{width:72px}.love_button #hs_query,.love_button .hs_active #hs_query{width:180px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.sp_num_votes{margin-top:2px}.section .bss_share_button.button.secondary{width:75%}.bss_share_container > div{background:none;max-width:none}.bss_share_title.section-heading,.bss_share_container .section_text{background-color:#FFF}}@media only screen and (max-width:320px){#gdpr_text{max-width:72%}#gdpr{padding:5px 0 6px;max-height:70px}.gdpr_button,button.gdpr_button{font-size:0.7em;max-width:45px}}@media only screen and (max-width:300px){#gdpr_text{font-size:0.8em;max-width:78%}.gdpr_button,button.gdpr_button{margin-left:3px;padding:4px 8px 5px}}@media only screen and (min-width:450px){#gdpr_text{max-width:80%}.gdpr_button,button.gdpr_button{margin-left:10px}}@media only screen and (min-width:600px){#gdpr{padding:13px 5px 14px}#gdpr_text{max-width:88%}.gdpr_button{margin-left:10px;padding:1px 6px}}@media only screen and (device-width:375px) and (device-height:812px) and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio:3){#gdpr{padding-bottom:15px}}.loader{position:absolute;display:block;height:10px;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);transform-origin:50% 50%;white-space:nowrap}.loader-dot{animation:loader-dots 1s infinite}.loader-dot{position:relative;display:inline-block;height:10px;width:10px;margin:2px;border-radius:100%;background-color:rgba(137,172,108,1);will-change:transform}.loader-dot:nth-child(1){animation-delay:0s}.loader-dot:nth-child(2){animation-delay:.3s}.loader-dot:nth-child(3){animation-delay:.5s}@keyframes loader-dots{0%,100%{transform:scale(1);background-color:rgba(137,172,108,1)}50%{transform:scale(.7);background-color:rgba(137,172,108,0.9)}}.related-filter{background-color:#FFF;color:#668051;border:1px solid #668051;padding:5px 15px;border-radius:20px;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:5px}.related-filter:first-of-type{margin-left:0}.related-filter:hover{text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer}.related-filter.active{background-color:#E6EEE0}@media print{#wikilove_button,#wikilove_button *{display:none !important}}</style> <script>window.activeAdTests = {"loadGAMForGoogleFC":0,"tcConsentUpdate":1,"tamGDPR":2,"quizAditudeINTL":3,"quizRefreshTimeLimit":4,"prebidGDPR":5,"rightrailMoreINTL":6,"aditude":7,"googlefcFontFix":8};window.allAdTests = {"apsSignals":0,"allGAMLargeIntro":1,"allGAMIntroIntl":2,"loadGAMForGoogleFC":3,"amazonShoppingNoLazyLoad":4,"amazonShopping":5,"userWithAdsTargeting":6,"tcConsentUpdate":7,"tamGDPR":8,"introAffiliate":9,"quizAffiliate":10,"quizGAM":11,"webvitalsINP":12,"webvitalsINPControl":13,"webvitalsINPWithMW":14,"webvitalsINPWithMWVersion1":15,"webvitalsINPWithMWVersion2":16,"webvitalsINPWithMWVersion3":17,"webvitalsINPWithMWVersion4":18,"webvitalsINPWithMWCSSOnly":19,"webvitalsINPWithCSSSelectorsOnly":20,"aditudeQuizEn":21,"quizAditudeINTL":22,"prebidVideoAds":23,"aditudeNoAdsense":24,"quizRefreshTimeLimit":25,"aditudeOtherPageTypes":26,"useINPAds":27,"smallAdSizeRequest":28,"rightrailRemoveAFS":29,"prebidGDPR":30,"tipsSubmitterName":31,"googlefcCCPA":32,"prebid8":33,"rightrailMoreINTL":34,"rightrailDoubleAds":35,"adsolutely":36,"freestar":37,"aditude":38,"googlefcFontFix":39,"pubmaticIndexHub":40,"viewportTestSmallSecond":41,"iab3":42,"amazonSignalsSiteKeywords":43};window.GAConfig = 'INP'</script> <script>WH.isINPTest = false;var $jscomp=$jscomp||{};$jscomp.scope={};$jscomp.ASSUME_ES5=!1;$jscomp.ASSUME_NO_NATIVE_MAP=!1;$jscomp.ASSUME_NO_NATIVE_SET=!1;$jscomp.defineProperty=$jscomp.ASSUME_ES5||"function"==typeof Object.defineProperties?Object.defineProperty:function(a,b,c){a!=Array.prototype&&a!=Object.prototype&&(a[b]=c.value)};$jscomp.getGlobal=function(a){return"undefined"!=typeof window&&window===a?a:"undefined"!=typeof global&&null!=global?global:a};$jscomp.global=$jscomp.getGlobal(this);$jscomp.SYMBOL_PREFIX="jscomp_symbol_";$jscomp.initSymbol=function(){$jscomp.initSymbol=function(){};$jscomp.global.Symbol||($jscomp.global.Symbol=$jscomp.Symbol)};$jscomp.Symbol=function(){var a=0;return function(b){return $jscomp.SYMBOL_PREFIX+(b||"")+a++}}();$jscomp.initSymbolIterator=function(){$jscomp.initSymbol();var a=$jscomp.global.Symbol.iterator;a||(a=$jscomp.global.Symbol.iterator=$jscomp.global.Symbol("iterator"));"function"!=typeof Array.prototype[a]&&$jscomp.defineProperty(Array.prototype,a,{configurable:! 0,writable:!0,value:function(){return $jscomp.arrayIterator(this)}});$jscomp.initSymbolIterator=function(){}};$jscomp.initSymbolAsyncIterator=function(){$jscomp.initSymbol();var a=$jscomp.global.Symbol.asyncIterator;a||(a=$jscomp.global.Symbol.asyncIterator=$jscomp.global.Symbol("asyncIterator"));$jscomp.initSymbolAsyncIterator=function(){}};$jscomp.arrayIterator=function(a){var b=0;return $jscomp.iteratorPrototype(function(){return b<a.length?{done:!1,value:a[b++]}:{done:!0}})};$jscomp.iteratorPrototype=function(a){$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();a={next:a};a[$jscomp.global.Symbol.iterator]=function(){return this};return a};$jscomp.makeIterator=function(a){$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();$jscomp.initSymbol();$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();var b=a[Symbol.iterator];return b?b.call(a):$jscomp.arrayIterator(a)};$jscomp.polyfill=function(a,b,c,g){if(b){c=$jscomp.global;a=a.split(".");for(g=0;g<a.length-1;g++){var d=a[g];d in c||(c[d]={});c=c[d]}a=a[a.length-1];g=c[a];b=b(g);b!=g&&null!=b&&$jscomp. defineProperty(c,a,{configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:b})}};$jscomp.FORCE_POLYFILL_PROMISE=!1;$jscomp.polyfill("Promise",function(a){function b(){this.batch_=null}function c(a){return a instanceof d?a:new d(function(b,h){b(a)})}if(a&&!$jscomp.FORCE_POLYFILL_PROMISE)return a;b.prototype.asyncExecute=function(a){null==this.batch_&&(this.batch_=[],this.asyncExecuteBatch_());this.batch_.push(a);return this};b.prototype.asyncExecuteBatch_=function(){var a=this;this.asyncExecuteFunction(function(){a.executeBatch_()})};var g=$jscomp.global.setTimeout;b.prototype.asyncExecuteFunction=function(a){g(a,0)};b.prototype.executeBatch_=function(){for(;this.batch_&&this.batch_.length;){var a=this.batch_;this.batch_=[];for(var b=0;b<a.length;++b){var d=a[b];a[b]=null;try{d()}catch(n){this.asyncThrow_(n)}}}this.batch_=null};b.prototype.asyncThrow_=function(a){this.asyncExecuteFunction(function(){throw a;})};var d=function(a){this.state_=0;this.result_=void 0;this.onSettledCallbacks_=[];var b=this. createResolveAndReject_();try{a(b.resolve,b.reject)}catch(x){b.reject(x)}};d.prototype.createResolveAndReject_=function(){function a(a){return function(h){d||(d=!0,a.call(b,h))}}var b=this,d=!1;return{resolve:a(this.resolveTo_),reject:a(this.reject_)}};d.prototype.resolveTo_=function(a){if(a===this)this.reject_(new TypeError("A Promise cannot resolve to itself"));else if(a instanceof d)this.settleSameAsPromise_(a);else{a:switch(typeof a){case"object":var b=null!=a;break a;case"function":b=!0;break a;default:b=!1}b?this.resolveToNonPromiseObj_(a):this.fulfill_(a)}};d.prototype.resolveToNonPromiseObj_=function(a){var b=void 0;try{b=a.then}catch(x){this.reject_(x);return}"function"==typeof b?this.settleSameAsThenable_(b,a):this.fulfill_(a)};d.prototype.reject_=function(a){this.settle_(2,a)};d.prototype.fulfill_=function(a){this.settle_(1,a)};d.prototype.settle_=function(a,b){if(0!=this.state_)throw Error("Cannot settle("+a+", "+b+"): Promise already settled in state"+this.state_);this. state_=a;this.result_=b;this.executeOnSettledCallbacks_()};d.prototype.executeOnSettledCallbacks_=function(){if(null!=this.onSettledCallbacks_){for(var a=0;a<this.onSettledCallbacks_.length;++a)l.asyncExecute(this.onSettledCallbacks_[a]);this.onSettledCallbacks_=null}};var l=new b;d.prototype.settleSameAsPromise_=function(a){var b=this.createResolveAndReject_();a.callWhenSettled_(b.resolve,b.reject)};d.prototype.settleSameAsThenable_=function(a,b){var d=this.createResolveAndReject_();try{a.call(b,d.resolve,d.reject)}catch(n){d.reject(n)}};d.prototype.then=function(a,b){function c(a,b){return"function"==typeof a?function(b){try{g(a(b))}catch(D){h(D)}}:b}var g,h,w=new d(function(a,b){g=a;h=b});this.callWhenSettled_(c(a,g),c(b,h));return w};d.prototype.catch=function(a){return this.then(void 0,a)};d.prototype.callWhenSettled_=function(a,b){function d(){switch(c.state_){case 1:a(c.result_);break;case 2:b(c.result_);break;default:throw Error("Unexpected state: "+c.state_);}}var c=this;null ==this.onSettledCallbacks_?l.asyncExecute(d):this.onSettledCallbacks_.push(d)};d.resolve=c;d.reject=function(a){return new d(function(b,d){d(a)})};d.race=function(a){return new d(function(b,d){for(var g=$jscomp.makeIterator(a),h=g.next();!h.done;h=g.next())c(h.value).callWhenSettled_(b,d)})};d.all=function(a){var b=$jscomp.makeIterator(a),g=b.next();return g.done?c([]):new d(function(a,d){function h(b){return function(d){l[b]=d;n--;0==n&&a(l)}}var l=[],n=0;do l.push(void 0),n++,c(g.value).callWhenSettled_(h(l.length-1),d),g=b.next();while(!g.done)})};return d},"es6","es3");$jscomp.underscoreProtoCanBeSet=function(){var a={a:!0},b={};try{return b.__proto__=a,b.a}catch(c){}return!1};$jscomp.setPrototypeOf="function"==typeof Object.setPrototypeOf?Object.setPrototypeOf:$jscomp.underscoreProtoCanBeSet()?function(a,b){a.__proto__=b;if(a.__proto__!==b)throw new TypeError(a+" is not extensible");return a}:null;$jscomp.generator={};$jscomp.generator.ensureIteratorResultIsObject_=function(a){if( !(a instanceof Object))throw new TypeError("Iterator result "+a+" is not an object");};$jscomp.generator.Context=function(){this.isRunning_=!1;this.yieldAllIterator_=null;this.yieldResult=void 0;this.nextAddress=1;this.finallyAddress_=this.catchAddress_=0;this.finallyContexts_=this.abruptCompletion_=null};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.start_=function(){if(this.isRunning_)throw new TypeError("Generator is already running");this.isRunning_=!0};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.stop_=function(){this.isRunning_=!1};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.jumpToErrorHandler_=function(){this.nextAddress=this.catchAddress_||this.finallyAddress_};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.next_=function(a){this.yieldResult=a};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.throw_=function(a){this.abruptCompletion_={exception:a,isException:!0};this.jumpToErrorHandler_()};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.return=function(a){this.abruptCompletion_={return:a};this.nextAddress=this.finallyAddress_};$jscomp. generator.Context.prototype.jumpThroughFinallyBlocks=function(a){this.abruptCompletion_={jumpTo:a};this.nextAddress=this.finallyAddress_};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.yield=function(a,b){this.nextAddress=b;return{value:a}};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.yieldAll=function(a,b){a=$jscomp.makeIterator(a);var c=a.next();$jscomp.generator.ensureIteratorResultIsObject_(c);if(c.done)this.yieldResult=c.value,this.nextAddress=b;else return this.yieldAllIterator_=a,this.yield(c.value,b)};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.jumpTo=function(a){this.nextAddress=a};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.jumpToEnd=function(){this.nextAddress=0};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.setCatchFinallyBlocks=function(a,b){this.catchAddress_=a;void 0!=b&&(this.finallyAddress_=b)};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.setFinallyBlock=function(a){this.catchAddress_=0;this.finallyAddress_=a||0};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.leaveTryBlock=function(a,b){this.nextAddress=a;this.catchAddress_=b||0}; $jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.enterCatchBlock=function(a){this.catchAddress_=a||0;a=this.abruptCompletion_.exception;this.abruptCompletion_=null;return a};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.enterFinallyBlock=function(a,b,c){c?this.finallyContexts_[c]=this.abruptCompletion_:this.finallyContexts_=[this.abruptCompletion_];this.catchAddress_=a||0;this.finallyAddress_=b||0};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.leaveFinallyBlock=function(a,b){b=this.finallyContexts_.splice(b||0)[0];if(b=this.abruptCompletion_=this.abruptCompletion_||b){if(b.isException)return this.jumpToErrorHandler_();void 0!=b.jumpTo&&this.finallyAddress_<b.jumpTo?(this.nextAddress=b.jumpTo,this.abruptCompletion_=null):this.nextAddress=this.finallyAddress_}else this.nextAddress=a};$jscomp.generator.Context.prototype.forIn=function(a){return new $jscomp.generator.Context.PropertyIterator(a)};$jscomp.generator.Context.PropertyIterator=function(a){this.object_=a;this.properties_=[];for(var b in a)this.properties_.push(b );this.properties_.reverse()};$jscomp.generator.Context.PropertyIterator.prototype.getNext=function(){for(;0<this.properties_.length;){var a=this.properties_.pop();if(a in this.object_)return a}return null};$jscomp.generator.Engine_=function(a){this.context_=new $jscomp.generator.Context;this.program_=a};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.next_=function(a){this.context_.start_();if(this.context_.yieldAllIterator_)return this.yieldAllStep_(this.context_.yieldAllIterator_.next,a,this.context_.next_);this.context_.next_(a);return this.nextStep_()};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.return_=function(a){this.context_.start_();var b=this.context_.yieldAllIterator_;if(b)return this.yieldAllStep_("return"in b?b["return"]:function(a){return{value:a,done:!0}},a,this.context_.return);this.context_.return(a);return this.nextStep_()};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.throw_=function(a){this.context_.start_();if(this.context_.yieldAllIterator_)return this.yieldAllStep_(this.context_. yieldAllIterator_["throw"],a,this.context_.next_);this.context_.throw_(a);return this.nextStep_()};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.yieldAllStep_=function(a,b,c){try{var g=a.call(this.context_.yieldAllIterator_,b);$jscomp.generator.ensureIteratorResultIsObject_(g);if(!g.done)return this.context_.stop_(),g;var d=g.value}catch(l){return this.context_.yieldAllIterator_=null,this.context_.throw_(l),this.nextStep_()}this.context_.yieldAllIterator_=null;c.call(this.context_,d);return this.nextStep_()};$jscomp.generator.Engine_.prototype.nextStep_=function(){for(;this.context_.nextAddress;)try{var a=this.program_(this.context_);if(a)return this.context_.stop_(),{value:a.value,done:!1}}catch(b){this.context_.yieldResult=void 0,this.context_.throw_(b)}this.context_.stop_();if(this.context_.abruptCompletion_){a=this.context_.abruptCompletion_;this.context_.abruptCompletion_=null;if(a.isException)throw a.exception;return{value:a.return,done:!0}}return{value:void 0,done:!0}};$jscomp.generator. Generator_=function(a){this.next=function(b){return a.next_(b)};this.throw=function(b){return a.throw_(b)};this.return=function(b){return a.return_(b)};$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();$jscomp.initSymbol();$jscomp.initSymbolIterator();this[Symbol.iterator]=function(){return this}};$jscomp.generator.createGenerator=function(a,b){b=new $jscomp.generator.Generator_(new $jscomp.generator.Engine_(b));$jscomp.setPrototypeOf&&$jscomp.setPrototypeOf(b,a.prototype);return b};$jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGenerator=function(a){function b(b){return a.next(b)}function c(b){return a.throw(b)}return new Promise(function(g,d){function l(a){a.done?g(a.value):Promise.resolve(a.value).then(b,c).then(l,d)}l(a.next())})};$jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGeneratorFunction=function(a){return $jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGenerator(a())};$jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGeneratorProgram=function(a){return $jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGenerator(new $jscomp.generator.Generator_(new $jscomp.generator.Engine_(a)))};$jscomp.polyfill( "Number.isFinite",function(a){return a?a:function(a){return"number"!==typeof a?!1:!isNaN(a)&&Infinity!==a&&-Infinity!==a}},"es6","es3");$jscomp.polyfill("Number.isInteger",function(a){return a?a:function(a){return Number.isFinite(a)?a===Math.floor(a):!1}},"es6","es3");WH.mediumScreenMinWidth=728;WH.largeScreenMinWidth=975;addEventListener("pointerdown",function(a){console.debug("pointer down target",a.target)});addEventListener("pointerup",function(a){console.debug("pointer up target",a.target)});WH.shared=function(){function a(a){null==E&&(E=new IntersectionObserver(function(a,e){a.forEach(function(a){a.isIntersecting&&(p[a.target.id].load(),E.unobserve(a.target))})},{rootMargin:L}));E.observe(a)}function b(a){null==F&&(F=new IntersectionObserver(function(a,e){a.forEach(function(a){if(a.isIntersecting){var e=a.target;if(1!=e.complete){var b=document.createElement("div");b.className="loader";for(var k=0;3>k;k++){var f=document.createElement("div");f.className="loader-dot";b.appendChild (f)}k=document.createElement("div");k.className="loading-container";k.appendChild(b);e.parentElement.insertAdjacentElement("afterbegin",k)}F.unobserve(a.target)}})},{rootMargin:"0px 0px 0px 0px"}));F.observe(a)}function c(a){H.push(a)}function g(a,b){var e=null,k=0,d=function(){k=0;e=null;a.apply()};return function(){var f=W(),q=b-(f-k);0>=q||q>b?(e&&(clearTimeout(e),e=null),k=f,a.apply()):e||(e=setTimeout(d,q))}}function d(){var a=!1,b=window.innerHeight||document.documentElement.clientHeight,q;for(q in p){var f=p[q];if(!f.isLoaded){a=f;console.log("deprecated: getBoundingRect should be moved to its own js file");var d=a.element.getBoundingClientRect(),c={top:d.top,bottom:d.bottom};0==a.lastTop-d.top&&window.scrollY!=a.lastY&&(c.top-=window.scrollY,c.bottom-=window.scrollY);a.lastTop=d.top;a.lastY=window.scrollY;a=c;d=b;c=52;var g=2*d;c-=g;d+=g;(0==a.top&&0==a.bottom?0:a.top>=c&&a.top<=d||a.bottom>=c&&a.bottom<=d||a.top<=c&&a.bottom>=d)&&f.load();a=!0}}!a&&p.length&&(window. removeEventListener("scroll",A),A=null)}function l(a){if(a&&a.element){var e=!0;a.element.className||(e=!1);-1==a.element.className.indexOf("content-fill")&&(e=!1);!m("webvitalsINP")&&!m("webvitalsINPWithCSSSelectorsOnly")||m("webvitalsINPWithMWVersion1")||(e=!1);e&&document.addEventListener&&a.finishedLoadingEvent?(a.loaderRemoved=!1,a.element.addEventListener(a.finishedLoadingEvent,function(){a.loadedCallback&&a.loadedCallback();if(0==a.loaderRemoved){a.loaderRemoved=!0;"undefined"!==typeof a.element.classList&&a.element.classList.remove("img-loading-hide");var e=this.parentElement;if(e){e=e.getElementsByClassName("loading-container");for(var b=0;b<e.length;b++)e[b].remove()}}a.alt&&(a.element.alt=a.alt,"undefined"!==typeof a.element.classList&&a.element.classList.remove("img-loading-alt"))}),a.errorEvent&&a.element.addEventListener(a.errorEvent,function(){a.alt&&(a.element.alt=a.alt)})):(a.alt&&(a.element.alt=a.alt),"undefined"!==typeof a.element.classList&&a.element.classList. remove("img-loading-hide"))}}function h(a){if(a&&a.element){var b=!0;a.element.className||(b=!1);-1==a.element.className.indexOf("content-fill")&&(b=!1);!m("webvitalsINP")&&!m("webvitalsINPWithCSSSelectorsOnly")||m("webvitalsINPWithMWVersion1")||(b=!1);if(b&&document.addEventListener&&a.finishedLoadingEvent){a.loaderRemoved=!1;b=document.createElement("div");b.className="loader";for(var e=0;3>e;e++){var d=document.createElement("div");d.className="loader-dot";b.appendChild(d)}var c=document.createElement("div");c.className="loading-container";c.appendChild(b);a.element.parentElement.insertAdjacentElement("afterbegin",c);a.element.addEventListener(a.finishedLoadingEvent,function(){a.loadedCallback&&a.loadedCallback();0==a.loaderRemoved&&(this.parentElement.removeChild(c),a.loaderRemoved=!0,"undefined"!==typeof a.element.classList&&a.element.classList.remove("img-loading-hide"));a.alt&&(a.element.alt=a.alt,"undefined"!==typeof a.element.classList&&a.element.classList.remove( "img-loading-alt"))});a.errorEvent&&a.element.addEventListener(a.errorEvent,function(){a.alt&&(a.element.alt=a.alt)})}else a.alt&&(a.element.alt=a.alt),"undefined"!==typeof a.element.classList&&a.element.classList.remove("img-loading-hide")}}function w(a){if(!a)return"";if(!r)return a;var b=a.split(".").pop();"jpg"!==b&&"png"!==b||!a.match(/images(_[a-z]{2})?\/thumb\//)||a.match(/(\.[a-zA-Z]+){2}$/)||(a+=".webp");return a}function x(a){this.isLoaded=!1;B=this.element=a;window.addEventListener("pageshow",function(a){a.persisted&&(a=document.getElementById("replacement"))&&B&&a.replaceWith(B)});window.addEventListener("pagehide",function(a){a.persisted&&B&&(B.outerHTML='<div id="replacement"></div>')});u||(this.lastY=window.scrollY,this.lastTop=a.getBoundingClientRect().top);this.src=a.getAttribute("data-src");this.load=function(){this.element.setAttribute("src",this.src);this.isLoaded=!0;this.finishedLoadingEvent="loadeddata";h(this)}}function n(a){this.isLoaded=!1;this.element=a;u||v|| (this.lastTop=a.getBoundingClientRect().top,this.lastY=window.scrollY);this.alt=a.alt;a.alt="";this.finishedLoadingEvent="load";this.errorEvent="error";if(t){var e=a.getAttribute("data-srclarge");null!=e&&(this.src=e)}this.src||(this.src=a.getAttribute("data-src"));1!=a.getAttribute("data-nowebp")&&(this.src=w(this.src));a&&void 0!==a.classList&&a.classList.add("img-loading-hide");this.load=function(){this.element.setAttribute("src",this.src);this.isLoaded=!0;"IMG"==this.element.tagName&&this.element.classList.contains("content-fill")?(l(this),b(this.element)):h(this)}}function T(a){this.isLoaded=!1;this.element=a;u||(this.lastTop=a.getBoundingClientRect().top,this.lastY=window.scrollY);this.finishedLoadingEvent="loadeddata";this.isPlaying=!1;this.src="https://www.wikihow.com/video"+this.element.getAttribute("data-src");this.poster=this.element.getAttribute("data-poster");(this.poster=w(this.poster))&&"jpg"==this.poster.split(".").pop()&&r&&(this.poster+=".webp");this.noAutoplay=this. element.getAttribute("data-noautoplay");this.play=function(){this.element.play();this.isPlaying=!0};this.pause=function(){this.element.pause();this.isPlaying=!1};this.load=function(){this.element.setAttribute("poster",this.poster);!M||this.noAutoplay||!t&&!0!==window.wgIsMainPage?this.finishedLoadingEvent=null:(this.element.setAttribute("src",this.src),this.play());this.isLoaded=!0;this.noAutoplay||h(this)}}function G(){return"scheduler"in window&&"yield"in scheduler?scheduler.yield():new Promise(function(a){setTimeout(a,0)})}function U(a){var b,e,d,c;return $jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGeneratorProgram(function(k){if(1==k.nextAddress)return k.yield(G(),2);b=document.getElementById(a);if(!b)return console.log("no element with id",a),k.return();e=1==b.getAttribute("data-desktopok");d=1==b.getAttribute("data-nowebp");if(!e&&t||!r||!v||d)return c=b.getAttribute("data-src-nowebp"),c||(c=b.getAttribute("data-src"),5<c.length&&".webp"==c.substr(c.length-5)&&(c=c.substr(0,c.length-5))),b. setAttribute("data-src",c),b.setAttribute("class","content-fill"),y(a),k.return();c=b.getAttribute("data-srclarge");t&&c||(c=b.getAttribute("data-src"));b.setAttribute("src",c);k.jumpToEnd()})}function V(a){return $jscomp.asyncExecutePromiseGeneratorProgram(function(b){if(1==b.nextAddress)return b.yield(G(),2);D(a);b.jumpToEnd()})}function y(a){m("webvitalsINP")?V(a):D(a)}function D(b){var e=document.getElementById(b);if(e)if(r||N){b=!1;var c=null,f=e.nodeName.toLowerCase();if("img"===f)c=new n(e),v?(f=c,f.element.classList.remove("img-loading-hide"),f.element.classList.add("img-loading-alt"),(m("webvitalsINP")||m("webvitalsINPWithCSSSelectorsOnly"))&&f.element.dataset.firstimage||f.element.setAttribute("loading","lazy"),f.load()):u?a(c.element):b=!0;else if("video"===f)c=new T(e),u?a(c.element):b=!0;else if("iframe"===f)c=new x(e),u?a(c.element):b=!0;else if("picture"===f)if(f=e.getElementsByTagName("img")[0],v){C?(f.width=f.dataset.width,f.height=f.dataset.height):(f.width=f.dataset. widthlarge,f.height=f.dataset.heightlarge);f.src=f.dataset.src;f=e.getElementsByTagName("source");for(var z=0;z<f.length;z++){var h=f[z];h.srcset=h.dataset.srcset}}else c=document.createElement("div"),c.className="content-spacer",e.appendChild(c),f.id="picture_"+X++,f.classList.add("content-fill"),c.appendChild(f),c=new n(f),useObserver?a(c.element):b=!0,e=f;else return;c&&(p[c.element.id]=c);f=e.getAttribute("data-width")||e.getAttribute("width");z=e.getAttribute("data-height")||e.getAttribute("height");0<f&&!e.parentElement.classList.contains("sd_link")&&(e.parentElement.style.paddingTop=z/f*100+"%");O?c.load():b&&(d(),A=g(d,500),window.addEventListener("scroll",A))}else P.push(b)}function Q(){R=!0;window.removeEventListener("scroll",Q)}function m(a){return window.allAdTests?window.activeAdTests?a in window.allAdTests?a in window.activeAdTests?!0:!1:(console.log("all",window.allAdTests),console.error("WH.shared trying to check for a test that does not exist:",a),!1):(console.warn( "activeAdTests not defined"),!1):(console.warn("allAdTests not defined"),!1)}function Y(){var a=document.cookie.indexOf("ccpa_out=");console.log("ccpa_out cookie",a);window.googlefc=window.googlefc||{};window.googlefc.ccpa=window.googlefc.ccpa||{};window.googlefc.callbackQueue=window.googlefc.callbackQueue||[];window.googlefc.ccpa.overrideDnsLink=!0;var b=function(a){console.log("googlfc ccpaCompletionCallback");a&&(c=!0,console.log("user opted out"),a=new Date,a.setTime(a.getTime()+31536E6),a="; expires="+a.toGMTString(),document.cookie="ccpa_out=1"+a+"; path=/",(a=document.getElementById("footer_ccpa"))&&a.classList.add("hidden"),window.afterOptOutTarget&&window.afterOptOutTarget.scrollIntoView())},c=!1;console.log("googlefc queue __uspapi call");window.googlefc.callbackQueue.push({INITIAL_CCPA_DATA_READY:function(){console.log("googlefc INITIAL_CCPA_DATA_READY");var a=!1;switch(googlefc.ccpa.getInitialCcpaStatus()){case googlefc.ccpa.InitialCcpaStatusEnum.CCPA_DOES_NOT_APPLY:a=!0; console.log("googlefc ccpa does not apply");break;case googlefc.ccpa.InitialCcpaStatusEnum.NOT_OPTED_OUT:console.log("googlefc ccpa not opted out.. removing cookie");document.cookie="ccpa_out=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 UTC; path=/;";document.getElementById("footer").classList.add("ccpa");var e=document.getElementById("footer_ccpa");e.style.display="block";e.addEventListener("click",function(a){console.log("footer ccpa link clicked");googlefc.ccpa.openConfirmationDialog(b);event.preventDefault()});window.openOptOutOnLoad&&(console.log("openOptOutOnLoad will open dialogue"),setTimeout(function(){window.googlefc.ccpa.openConfirmationDialog(b)},300));break;case googlefc.ccpa.InitialCcpaStatusEnum.OPTED_OUT:c=!0,e=new Date,e.setTime(e.getTime()+31536E6),e="; expires="+e.toGMTString(),document.cookie="ccpa_out=1"+e+"; path=/",console.log("googlefc user is ccpa opted out")}(e=document.querySelectorAll(".body_ccpa_link"))&&e.forEach(function(e){e.addEventListener("click",function(e){e .preventDefault();console.log("body_ccpa_link clicked");1==c?alert("You have already opted out."):a?(console.log("notApplicable typeof mw",typeof mw),"undefined"!=typeof mw?(console.log("mw loader using"),mw.loader.using(["ext.wikihow.ccpa_modal"],function(){WH.CCPA.popNotApplicableModal()})):alert("You are not in a location to which this applies.")):(window.afterOptOutTarget=e.target,window.googlefc.ccpa.openConfirmationDialog(b))})})}})}var H=[],p={},P=[],A,O=!1,R=!1,W=Date.now||function(){return(new Date).getTime()},r=!1,N=!1,I=document.documentElement.clientWidth||window.innerWidth,C=I<WH.mediumScreenMinWidth,J=!C&&I<WH.largeScreenMinWidth,S=!C&&!J,t=S,L="0px 0px 100% 0px",X=1,v="loading"in HTMLImageElement.prototype,u="IntersectionObserver"in window,E=null,F=null,K="";(function(a){var b=new Image;b.onload=function(){a(0<b.width&&0<b.height)};b.onerror=function(){a(!1)};b.src="data:image/webp;base64,UklGRiIAAABXRUJQVlA4IBYAAAAwAQCdASoBAAEADsD+JaQAA3AAAAAA"})(function(a){r=a;N=!0;P. forEach(function(a){y(a)})});1==WH.jsFastRender&&(v=!1,L="0px 0px 0px 0px");window.onresize=function(){H.forEach&&H.forEach(function(a){a()})};c(d);var B=null;var M=function(){var a=window.document.createElement("video");a.setAttribute("muted","");a.setAttribute("playsinline","");a.setAttribute("webkit-playsinline","");a.muted=!0;a.playsinline=!0;a.webkitPlaysinline=!0;a.setAttribute("height","0");a.setAttribute("width","0");a.style.position="fixed";a.style.top=0;a.style.width=0;a.style.height=0;a.style.opacity=0;try{var b=a.play();b&&b.catch&&b.then(function(){}).catch(function(){})}catch(q){}return!a.paused}();window.addEventListener?(window.addEventListener("scroll",A),window.addEventListener("scroll",Q)):O=!0;m("googlefcCCPA")&&Y();return{isDesktopSize:t,isSmallSize:C,isMedSize:J,isLargeSize:S,viewportWidth:I,getScreenSize:function(){if(m("webvitalsINP"))return C?"small":J?"medium":"large";var a=document;var b=a.documentElement,c=a.body,d=c&&c.clientWidth,g=0;!b||!b.clientWidth|| "CSS1Compat"!==a.compatMode&&d?d&&(g=c.clientWidth):g=b.clientWidth;a=g;return 0==a||a>=WH.largeScreenMinWidth?"large":a>=WH.mediumScreenMinWidth?"medium":"small"},throttle:g,TOP_MENU_HEIGHT:52,autoPlayVideo:M,webpSupport:r,addScrollLoadItem:y,addLazyImage:function(a){if(m("webvitalsINP"))U(a);else{var b=document.getElementById(a),c=1==b.getAttribute("data-desktopok"),e=1==b.getAttribute("data-nowebp");!c&&t||!r||!v||e?(c=b.getAttribute("data-src-nowebp"),c||(c=b.getAttribute("data-src"),5<c.length&&".webp"==c.substr(c.length-5)&&(c=c.substr(0,c.length-5))),b.setAttribute("data-src",c),b.setAttribute("class","content-fill"),y(a)):(c=b.getAttribute("data-srclarge"),t&&c||(c=b.getAttribute("data-src")),b.setAttribute("src",c))}},addScrollLoadItemByElement:function(a){var b=a.id;b||(b="id-"+Math.random().toString(36).substr(2,16));a.id=b;y(b)},videoRoot:"https://www.wikihow.com/video",setupLoader:h,addResizeFunction:c,loadAllImages:function(){for(var a in p){var b=p[a];b.isLoaded||b.load( )}},loadAllEmbed:function(){for(var a in p){var b=p[a];b.isLoaded||"iframe"==b.element.nodeName.toLowerCase()&&b.load()}},addLoadedCallback:function(a,b){p[a].loadedCallback=b},showVideoPlay:function(a){a=a.element.parentElement.getElementsByClassName("m-video-intro-over");"undefined"!==typeof a&&(a=a[0]);a&&(a.style.visibility="visible")},getCompressedImageSrc:w,isBucket:function(a){if(!a)return!1;var b=a;if(!(a instanceof Array))if(Number.isInteger(a))b=[a];else return!1;return 0<=b.indexOf(parseInt(WH.bucket))?!0:!1},isTest:m,yieldToMain:G,getHasScrolled:function(){return R},getBrowser:function(){""==K&&(K=navigator.userAgent.match(/Edg/i)?"edge":navigator.userAgent.match(/Chrome/i)?"chrome":navigator.userAgent.match(/Safari/i)?"safari":"unknown");return K}}}();</script> <script>WH.gdpr=(function(){var acceptCookieName='gdpr_accept';function hasAcceptCookie(){var hasCookie=document.cookie.indexOf('gdpr_accept=');if(hasCookie>=0){return true;}return false;}function hasCookiePolicyPageOptOut(){var hasCookie=document.cookie.indexOf('gdpr_cpp_opt_out=1');if(hasCookie>=0){return true;}return false;}function hasEUQueryParam(){var url=window.location.href;if(url.indexOf('?EUtest=1')!=-1){return true;}else if(url.indexOf('&EUtest=1')!=-1){return true;}return false;}function hasEUQueryParamOff(){var url=window.location.href;if(url.indexOf('?EUtest=0')!=-1){return true;}else if(url.indexOf('&EUtest=0')!=-1){return true;}return false;}function isEULocation(){var value="; "+document.cookie;var parts=value.split("; vi=");var res=null;if(parts.length==2){res=parts.pop().split(";").shift();}if(hasEUQueryParam()){res="EU";}if(hasEUQueryParamOff()){res=null;}if(res=="EU"){return true;}return false;}function popupClosed(){createCookie("gdpr_accept",1,365);createCookie( "gdpr_decline","",-1);gdpr.style.display="none";}function createCookie(name,value,days){var expires="; expires="+new Date(2147483647*1000).toUTCString();if(days){var date=new Date();date.setTime(date.getTime()+(days*24*60*60*1000));expires="; expires="+date.toGMTString();}document.cookie=name+"="+value+expires+"; path=/";}function declinePage(){var decline=document.getElementById('gdpr_decline');if(decline){decline.style.display="block";decline.addEventListener("click",function(){var cookies=document.cookie.split(";");for(var i=0;i<cookies.length;i++){createCookie(cookies[i].split("=")[0],"",-1);}createCookie("gdpr_decline",1,1);var declineConfirm=document.getElementById('gdpr_decline_confirm');if(declineConfirm){declineConfirm.style.display='block';}});}var declineOk=document.getElementById('gdpr_decline_confirm_dismiss');if(declineOk){declineOk.addEventListener("click",function(){var declineConfirm=document.getElementById('gdpr_decline_confirm');if(declineConfirm){declineConfirm. style.display='none';}});}}function cookiePage(){var cookie_policy=document.getElementById('eu_cookie_policy');if(!cookie_policy){return;}var eu_cp_save=document.getElementById('eu_cp_save');var checkbox=document.getElementById('eu_cookie_message_check');checkbox.addEventListener("click",function(){if(hasCookiePolicyPageOptOut()){if(this.checked==true){eu_cp_save.className='';}else{eu_cp_save.className='active';}}else{if(this.checked==true){eu_cp_save.className='active';}else{eu_cp_save.className='';}}});if(hasCookiePolicyPageOptOut()){checkbox.checked=!0;}else{checkbox.checked=!1;}cookie_policy.style.display="block";eu_cp_save.addEventListener("click",function(){var checkbox=document.getElementById('eu_cookie_message_check');if(checkbox.checked==true){createCookie('gdpr_cpp_opt_out',1,1);WH.event('gdpr_cookie_page_opt_out',{});}else{createCookie('gdpr_cpp_opt_out',0,1);WH.event('gdpr_cookie_page_opt_in',{});}eu_cp_save.className='';});WH.eventView('gdpr_cookie_page_opt_out');WH. eventView('gdpr_cookie_page_opt_in');}function pageLoaded(){if(!isEULocation()){return;}if(hasEUQueryParam()){var viValue='EU';createCookie('vi',viValue,1);}declinePage();document.body.className+=' '+'geo-group-eu';var sidebarShare=document.getElementById('sidebar_share');if(sidebarShare){sidebarShare.remove();}cookiePage();}function initialize(){if(WH.isINPTest){return;}var isEU=isEULocation();var gdpr=document.getElementById('gdpr');if(gdpr&&isEU&&!hasAcceptCookie()){gdpr.style.display="block";}else if(gdpr){gdpr.parentNode.removeChild(gdpr);}var accept=document.getElementById('gdpr_accept');if(accept){WH.largeEventView('gdpr_banner_ok_click',{},'#gdpr_accept','click');WH.eventView('gdpr_banner_policy_click',{},'#gdpr_cp_link','click');WH.eventView('gdpr_banner_settings_click',{},'#gdpr_text_inner a','click');accept.addEventListener("click",function(){popupClosed()},true);}var close=document.getElementById('gdpr_close');if(close){close.addEventListener("click",function(){popupClosed( )},true);}return;}return{'initialize':initialize,'pageLoaded':pageLoaded,'hasAcceptCookie':hasAcceptCookie,'hasCookiePolicyPageOptOut':hasCookiePolicyPageOptOut,'isEULocation':isEULocation};})();if(!WH.isINPTest){document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',function(){WH.gdpr.pageLoaded();},false);}</script> <style>.sodad_1{width:728px;height:90px}.sodad_2{width:300px;height:600px}.sodad_3{width:300px;height:250px;margin:0 auto}.promopair .sodad_3{margin:0}#sidebar .sodad_2{position:sticky;top:65px}#comscore_px{display:block}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay{width:100%;height:100%;position:fixed;overflow-y:scroll;top:0;left:0;z-index:100;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay .collapse_link{display:block;top:10%;position:relative;width:80%;background-color:#93b874;color:#fff;padding:12px 18px;font-size:20px;font-weight:bold}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay .collapse_link.open{margin-bottom:0}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay .collapse_link:after{border:none}#aboutthisarticle .overlay #summary_text{position:relative;width:80%;top:10%;border:1px solid #93b874;background-color:#fff;padding:15px 20px 15px 15px;line-height:22px;display:block}#aboutthisarticle .overlay #summary_text h2{background-color:#93b874;color:#fff;margin:-15px -20px 10px -15px;padding:15px}#aboutthisarticle .text_summary_wrapper{overflow-y:auto}#aboutthisarticle .overlay #summary_close{position:absolute;top:11px;right:10px;width:30px;height:30px;color:#fff;border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:15px;text-align:center;line-height:30px;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;font-size:16px;display:block;background:#93b874}#aboutthisarticle .page_stats{display:block;text-align:center;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;font-weight:bold}#aboutthisarticle #other_languages .collapse_link{background:none}#aboutthisarticle #other_languages .collapse_link::after{content:':'}#aboutthisarticle #language_links{display:block;margin-top:.5em;-webkit-columns:2;-moz-columns:2;columns:2}#icon-coupons{position:relative}.icon-coupons-extra{display:none}.show_coupons .icon-coupons-extra{display:list-item}.show_coupons #icon-coupons:after{right:16px;top:19px;transform:rotate(45deg)}#icon-coupons:after{right:16px;top:19px;border-top:2px solid #FFF;border-left:2px solid #FFF;content:" ";height:8px;width:8px;position:absolute;transform:rotate(-135deg)}.button.video_transcript_button{float:right;margin-top:10px;color:white;font-weight:bold;font-size:15px;display:inline-block;padding:7px 14px;margin-right:10px;border:0px;height:35px;box-sizing:border-box}.button.video_transcript_button:hover{border:0}.button.transcript_button{display:block;padding:12px 5px;border:1px solid #93b874;border-radius:7px;color:#93b874;text-align:center;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;margin:10px 0 0 0;cursor:pointer;background-color:#FFF;width:128px;line-height:6px}.button.transcript_button:hover{background-color:#FFF}.button.tech_newsletter_button{width:150px;font-size:0.9em;font-weight:bold;padding:.3em 1.5em;border-radius:20px;color:#222222;background:#F7AE38;border:none;margin-left:270px;margin-top:20px;height:fit-content}.button.tech_newsletter_button:hover,.button.tech_newsletter_button:active{background:#E89D22;border:none}#meme_game_article_banner_large{display:none;cursor:pointer}#meme_game_article_banner_small{display:block;padding-top:15px;cursor:pointer}.switch.large{display:none} .switch{position:relative;width:40px;height:20px;top:-5px;float:right;margin-right:0px}.switch .toggle_text{margin-left:-60px;font-size:12.4px;font-weight:bold} .switch input{opacity:0;width:0;height:0} .toggle_slider{position:absolute;cursor:pointer;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background-color:#ccc;-webkit-transition:.4s;transition:.4s}.toggle_slider::before{position:absolute;content:"";height:20px;width:20px;left:1px;bottom:4px;background-color:white;-webkit-transition:.4s;transition:.4s;top:0px}input:checked + .toggle_slider{background-color:#93B874}input:focus + .toggle_slider{box-shadow:0 0 1px #93B874}input:checked + .toggle_slider::before{-webkit-transform:translateX(18px);-ms-transform:translateX(18px);transform:translateX(18px)} .toggle_slider.round{border-radius:34px}.toggle_slider.round::before{border-radius:50%}div.articleShareIcons{display:none}div.articleShareIcons a{padding:2px}#pinterestShareRound{text-decoration:none}#pinterestShareRound > img{cursor:pointer}#rewardedweb{display:none}.w_label:before{display:none}#outstreamVid{padding-top:5px}#intro .wh_ad_intl.gam{height:calc(33.33333333vw);max-height:140px;width:calc(100vw - 32px);max-width:728px}#intro .wh_ad_inner{line-height:0}#gamOutstreamVid_ad_1{text-align:center}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall{margin:0 auto;text-align:center;margin-top:20px;width:300px;height:250px;overflow:hidden}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.fluid{width:100%;height:auto;overflow:visible;padding-bottom:5px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.gam_osv{width:100%;height:auto;overflow:visible;padding-bottom:5px}.section:not(#intro) .wh_ad_inner.as-small{overflow:hidden;margin-left:-15px}.section:not(#intro) .wh_ad_inner.as-small-s5{margin-left:-10px}.section:not(#intro) .wh_ad_inner.fwas{margin:0 auto;text-align:center}.fwas .al_method{padding-top:8px;padding-bottom:5px}.fwas-wrap{width:100vw;max-height:85vw;margin-left:-5px}#pagebottom .wh_ad_inner.as-small{margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden}.section:not(#intro) #relatedwikihows .wh_ad_inner.as-small{margin-left:-5px}.section:not(#intro) #tips .wh_ad_inner.as-small{margin-left:-10px}.section:not(#intro) #qa .wh_ad_inner.as-small{margin-left:-10px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallmethod{margin-left:-15px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallmethod.containerless_ad{margin-left:-10px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallextra{margin-left:-10px;margin-bottom:10px}.dfpsmall.dfpsmallbottom{margin:0 auto;text-align:center;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:12px;width:300px;height:250px;overflow:hidden}.dfpsmall.dfpsmallbottom.fluid{width:auto;height:auto}.dfpsmall .al_method{padding-top:5px}@media only screen and (min-width:321px){.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallmethod{margin-left:-10px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallextra{margin-left:-5px;margin-bottom:10px}}@media only screen and (min-width:331px){.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallmethod{margin:0 auto;margin-top:20px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallmethod.containerless_ad{margin:0 auto;margin-top:20px}.section .wh_ad_inner.dfpsmall.dfpsmallextra{margin:0 auto;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:10px}}.hide_step_numbers .step_num{display:none}.steps .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:20px}#intro_ad_1.full-width{margin-left:-15px}#intro_ad_1.all_gam_affiliate{text-align:center}#middlerelated_ad_1.all_gam_affiliate{text-align:center;padding-bottom:5px}#tips > .wh_ad_inner > div > ins{margin-top:22px}.oo-ui-buttonElement-button:hover{text-decoration:none}.ur_author{margin-top:5px;color:#c3c3c3;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;display:inline-block;height:36px;vertical-align:bottom}.ur_rating{margin-top:5px}#sample_loading{display:none}.sd_thumb{text-align:center;width:200px;margin:6px}.sd_content .sd_thumb img{border:1px solid #BBB;width:100%;height:auto}#sd_container{padding:15px;background-color:#FFF;-moz-border-radius:4px;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-flex;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-justify-content:space-around;-ms-flex-pack:distribute;justify-content:space-around;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch}#sd_container.sd_polish{justify-content:space-between}#sd_container.sd_polish,#sd_container.sd_single{padding:15px 30px}#sd_container.sd_polish .sd_thumb,#sd_container.sd_single .sd_thumb{width:130px}#sd_container.sd_polish .whcdn,#sd_container.sd_single .whcdn{box-shadow:-10px 10px #d9ead3;margin-bottom:10px}#sd_container.sd_relationship .whcdn{box-shadow:-10px 10px #e9d2de}#sd_container.sd_tech .whcdn{box-shadow:-10px 10px #d3dee9}.noscroll{overflow:hidden}.oo-ui-processDialog-content .oo-ui-window-head{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/MobileFrontendWikihow/images/dialog-header.svg);background-size:cover}#footer_newsletter{display:block;grid-column:3 / 3;grid-row:2 / span 4;min-height:166px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_icon{display:inline-block;width:25px;height:25px; background:url(/skins/owl/images/newsletter_footer.svg) no-repeat;position:relative;top:2px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_title{display:inline-block;font-weight:bold;font-size:18px;color:#444f45}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_confirm_text{display:none;margin:5px 0 10px 0;font-weight:bold;font-size:14px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_text{margin:5px 0 10px 0;font-weight:bold;font-size:12px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_email{box-sizing:border-box;background:white;margin-bottom:10px;padding:5px 10px;border-radius:5px;border:1px solid #ffffff;font-size:16px;width:180px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_email.error{border:1px red solid}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_notice{margin:4px auto;font-size:12px;width:180px;line-height:13px}#footer_newsletter a#footer_subscribe_button{display:block;background:#FABC3B;font-weight:bold;color:#000;margin:0 auto;padding:2px .7em;box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:5px;width:182px;border:none}.related-wh{display:block;margin-bottom:2%;overflow:hidden}#relatedwikihows .quiz_button{font-weight:bold;font-size:.9em;padding:.25em .5em;background:#FABC3B;border:none;color:#343434;border-radius:3px;float:right}#side_related_articles .quiz_button{display:none}.related-wh-title{background-color:rgba(50,50,50,0.5);padding:2% 4%;width:92%;min-height:32px;position:absolute;bottom:0;cursor:pointer;color:#fff;font-weight:bold}.related-wh-howto{font-size:12px}.medium_a{display:none} #watchtheserelatedvideos{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;grid-gap:10px}#watchtheserelatedvideos a{display:block;position:relative;color:#444f45;border:1px solid #dfdfdf;border-radius:7px;text-decoration:none}#watchtheserelatedvideos .play_button{position:absolute;width:64px;left:50%;top:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);z-index:1}#watchtheserelatedvideos img{display:block}#watchtheserelatedvideos img:not(.play_button){border-top-left-radius:7px;border-top-right-radius:7px}#watchtheserelatedvideos .related-expert-title{left:0;z-index:2;padding:5px;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold}#watchtheserelatedvideos .related-expert-title .related-wh-howto{font-weight:normal}#jpt_header{padding:16px;font-weight:bold}.jpt_container{border-bottom:1px solid #ecebe8;padding:5px 16px;background-color:#fff;display:block;width:268px;height:61px}.jpt_container:last-child{border-bottom:none}.jpt_container:hover{text-decoration:none}.jpt_container img{vertical-align:middle;margin:5px 10px 5px 13px;width:50px;height:50px}.jpt_count{font-size:22px;color:#ecebe8;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:middle}.jpt_container:hover .jpt_count{color:#93b874}.jpt_title{font-size:14px;display:inline-block;width:182px;color:#686868;vertical-align:middle}@media only screen and (min-width:728px){.section.morequizzes .wh_ad_inner{min-height:90px;padding-top:15px}.quizpage-after-content-ad{min-height:90px;padding-top:15px}#amazonshopping_ad_1{max-height:120px}.quiz-page-top-ad{min-height:90px}.during .quiz-page-top-ad{padding-bottom:5px}.ccpa_footer_extra{display:inline}.embedvideocontainer.ytshort{max-width:405px !important;padding-bottom:100%}.section.video.youtube_short_articles{margin-top:0}#meme_game_article_banner_large{display:block;padding-top:25px}#meme_game_article_banner_small{display:none}.switch.small{display:none}.switch.large{display:block}.switch{top:0px;margin-right:-295px}.medium_a{display:block}.related-wh{float:left;width:48%;margin-right:2%}.sd_thumb{width:200px}#sd_container.sd_polish{justify-content:flex-start}#sd_container.sd_polish .sd_thumb{min-width:130px;width:100%;max-width:155px}#sd_container.sd_polish.first_row{justify-content:space-evenly}#sd_container.sd_single{justify-content:space-around}#sd_container.sd_single .sd_thumb{left:-50px}#sd_container.sd_single .whcdn{box-shadow:none;margin-bottom:0px;z-index:1}#sd_container.sd_single .sd_link{display:flex;align-items:center}#sd_container.sd_single .sd_link span{z-index:0;background:#d9ead3ff;position:absolute;left:-40px;padding:5px 20px 5px 180px;text-align:left;width:100px;min-height:60px;display:flex;align-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap}#sd_container.sd_single.sd_relationship .sd_link span{background:#E9D2DE}#sd_container.sd_single.sd_tech .sd_link span{background:#D3DEE9}div.articleShareIcons{display:block;position:relative;float:right;top:0px}.gdpr_button,button.gdpr_button{vertical-align:baseline;margin-bottom:0;margin:0 auto}#gdpr_text{position:relative}#gdpr_cp_link{position:absolute;width:155px;right:-230px;top:2px}#gdpr_text_inner{padding-right:0}#gdpr_accept_wrap{width:70px}#housebottom_ad_1{display:block;padding-top:25px}.house-promo{display:block}#hausead-img-wrap{display:block;position:relative}#intro_ad_1.full-width{margin-left:0}.list_method .steps .altblock{height:60px;font-size:0;width:3.5rem}.list_method .steps .headline_container .headline_info{height:58px}.list_method .steps .wh_ad_inner.al_grey{display:block}.menu{font-size:1rem;position:absolute;border:1px solid #91af79;margin:0;padding:10px 0;top:71px;z-index:1000;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:none;right:0}.menu.explore_menu{right:-149px;padding:15px 0 27px 0;max-width:1055px;overflow:hidden;max-height:calc(100vh - 150px);overflow-y:scroll}.menu a{display:block;padding:0 20px 0 15px;line-height:26px;color:#669933}.explore_menu .menuitem,.explore_menu .menuitem.top_cat{display:inline-block;width:211px;padding:0 20px 0 15px}.explore_menu .menuitem.top_cat{font-size:16px;line-height:23px}.explore_menu .menu_item_sub{font-size:14px;line-height:23px}.explore_menu .menu_item_sub:first-child{font-size:16px;padding:0}.explore_menu_line.top_menu_section{font-weight:bold;margin-top:0px}.explore_menu_line.subcat_menu_section{margin-top:10px}.explore_menu_line.top_menu_section:nth-child(2){margin-top:10px;padding-bottom:7px}.explore_menu_line.section_name_line{font-weight:bold;position:relative;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:5px;padding-top:10px}.explore_menu_line.section_name_line:before{content:'';position:absolute;top:-10px;left:16px;width:97%;height:1px;background-color:#D9D9D9}.explore_menu_line{margin-top:5px}#AdminOptions.menu a{color:#363}.menu a:hover{color:white;background-color:#91af79;text-decoration:none}#AdminOptions.menu a:hover{color:white}.admin_arrow{width:0;height:0;border-left:3px solid transparent;border-right:3px solid transparent;border-top:5px solid #AAAAAA;display:inline-block;margin-left:3px;margin-bottom:1px}.menu a.admin_tab_hide{display:none} #actionbar{position:relative;height:35px;margin-top:-10px;z-index:2} .is-authenticated #actionbar{display:block}ul#tabs{position:absolute;top:0px;left:2px;margin:0px;padding:0px}ul#tabs li{float:left;list-style:none;padding:0px;margin:0px;padding-right:15px;line-height:2em}ul#tabs li a{font-size:13px;font-weight:500}ul#tabs li a.on{color:#454545;font-weight:bold}#wikilove_header{display:none}.hs_active.hs_notif #hs_query{margin-right:40px}#hs_submit{margin-right:40px}.header.love_button #mw-mf-main-menu-button,.love_button #hs,.love_button #hs.hs_active{width:72px}.love_button #hs_query,.love_button .hs_active #hs_query{width:auto}.mobile_tab:first-child{margin-left:2.3em}#AdminOptions{position:absolute;top:30px;font-size:1em;border:1px solid #91af79;color:#363;margin:0;background-color:#f9f9f9;width:100%;width:-moz-max-content;width:-webkit-max-content;width:-o-max-content}ul#AdminOptions li{padding-left:0px}#content_wrapper{margin:1em auto;max-width:1050px;padding:40px 1em 1em;background:#f3f3f3}#content_inner{width:100%;max-width:728px;margin:0 auto;position:relative}.full_width #content_wrapper,.full_width #content_inner{max-width:initial;padding-left:0;padding-right:0}.full_width .content{margin:0}.stable .content p,.stable .content li,.stable .content dl{line-height:25px}.stable .content .steps_list_2 ul,.stable .content .steps_list_2 ol{margin-left:55px;margin-top:5px;padding:0}#trust_banner{border-radius:4px 4px 0 0;font-size:14px}#trust_banner span{display:inline}#breadcrumb{padding:1.1em 0 0.8em 26px;color:#307530}div.articleShareIcons{margin-right:10px;margin-top:-25px}.article_byline{color:#545454;font-size:.85em}.article_byline#recipe_byline{padding-top:0}.article_byline p{font-size:.9em;line-height:1.2rem}.coauthor_checkstar{background-position:right 1px}#byline_info{line-height:1.2rem}.byline_success{background-position:left 40%}#mobile_tab_container{display:none}#section_0{padding:26px 26px 0;line-height:normal}#section_0.special_title{font-size:35px}.ns-0.action-view #section_0{padding:0 26px}#intro{font-size:1em;margin:0;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;padding:7px 26px}#intro p{line-height:25px}#intro .mwimg{margin:10px 0px}#intro .mwimg img{border-radius:3px}.mwimg a img{border-top-left-radius:3px;border-top-right-radius:3px}.steps_list_2 li:first-child .mwimg a img{border-radius:0}.mw-mf-cleanup{display:none}#method_toc{display:block;position:static;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.65em;color:#222222;float:right;background-color:#f6f8f7;border-radius:6px;width:259px;padding:8px 15px 15px 15px;margin:2px 0 10px 10px;clear:right}#method_toc .hidden,#method_toc a.hidden,#method_toc #toc_showless{display:none}#method_toc span{margin-right:.75em}#method_toc .sp_method_toc{margin:3px -26px;border:0 26px;padding:10px 26px;border:0;color:#222222;background-color:#f6f8f7;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.65em}#method_toc .header_toc{width:100%;padding-bottom:5px;color:#444;line-height:normal}#method_toc.en_toc .method_toc_item a{background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:17px}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_method a > span{background-color:#94b778;width:15px;height:15px;display:inline-block;text-align:center;line-height:15px;border-radius:5px;color:#fff;margin-right:5px;font-size:11px;position:absolute;left:0;top:1px}#method_toc.en_toc a{display:block;font-weight:bold;font-size:12.4px;color:#307530;line-height:18px;margin:3px 0;background-image:none;padding-left:20px;position:relative}#method_toc.en_toc .header_toc{font-size:14px;display:none}#method_toc.en_toc #qa_toc{background-image:none}#method_toc.en_toc #qa_toc a{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15 15'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%238effff;opacity:0%7D.cls-2%7Bfill:%23fff%7D.cls-3,.cls-4%7Bfill:none;stroke:%23a3a3a3%7D.cls-4%7Bfill:%23a3a3a3;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round;stroke-width:.25px%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M0 0h15v15H0z'/%3E%3Ccircle class='cls-2' cx='7.5' cy='7.5' r='7'/%3E%3Ccircle class='cls-3' cx='7.5' cy='7.5' r='6.56'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-4' d='M5.66 3.42A3.16 3.16 0 0 1 7.39 3a3.76 3.76 0 0 1 2.25.64 2.24 2.24 0 0 1 .89 1.92 2.16 2.16 0 0 1-.39 1.31 4.42 4.42 0 0 1-.87.82L8.85 8a1.32 1.32 0 0 0-.46.63 2.82 2.82 0 0 0-.08.71H6.69a5.07 5.07 0 0 1 .19-1.4 2.55 2.55 0 0 1 .8-.94l.44-.34a1.4 1.4 0 0 0 .34-.35 1.21 1.21 0 0 0 .24-.73 1.43 1.43 0 0 0-.26-.82 1.12 1.12 0 0 0-1-.38 1.11 1.11 0 0 0-1 .46 1.81 1.81 0 0 0-.28 1H4.47a2.79 2.79 0 0 1 1.19-2.42z'/%3E%3Crect class='cls-4' x='6.65' y='10.15' width='1.79' height='1.73' rx='.44'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#method_toc.en_toc #rwh_toc a{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15 15'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%238effff;opacity:0%7D.cls-2,.cls-3%7Bfill:%23fff%7D.cls-2,.cls-3,.cls-4,.cls-5%7Bstroke:%23a3a3a3%7D.cls-2,.cls-5%7Bstroke-width:.75px%7D.cls-4,.cls-5%7Bfill:none%7D.cls-5%7Bstroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M0 0h15v15H0z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-2' d='M13.49 3.66v9.1a1.87 1.87 0 0 1-2 1.74H5.38a1.87 1.87 0 0 1-2-1.74V2.44a1.87 1.87 0 0 1 2-1.74H10z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M11.59 3.45v8.11a1.87 1.87 0 0 1-2 1.74H3.48a1.87 1.87 0 0 1-2-1.74V2.24a1.87 1.87 0 0 1 2-1.74H8z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-4' d='M11.59 3.45H8.66A.58.58 0 0 1 8 2.91V.5'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-5' d='M3.41 3.45h2.91M3.41 5.43h6.28M3.41 7.42h6.28M3.41 9.4h6.28M3.41 11.38h6.28'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#method_toc.en_toc #comments_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/userreview/assets/comments_toc.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc #toc_ref a{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15 15'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%238effff;opacity:0%7D.cls-2%7Bfill:none;stroke:%23a3a3a3;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round%7D.cls-3%7Bfill:%23fff%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M0 0h15v15H0z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-2' d='M4.19 2.82h8.15'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M12.34 4.23V14H4.46a1.8 1.8 0 0 1-1.8-1.8V2.61a1.56 1.56 0 0 0 1.49 1.62z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-2' d='M12.34 4.23V14H4.46a1.8 1.8 0 0 1-1.8-1.8V2.61a1.56 1.56 0 0 0 1.49 1.62zM2.66 2.61A1.55 1.55 0 0 1 4.15 1h8.19'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#method_toc.en_toc #summary_toc a{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15 15'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%238effff;opacity:0%7D.cls-2,.cls-4%7Bfill:none;stroke:%2393b874;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round%7D.cls-3%7Bfill:%23fff%7D.cls-4%7Bstroke-width:.75px%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M0 0h15v15H0z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-2' d='M3.06 2.82H14'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M14 4.23V14H3.42C2.09 14 1 13.2 1 12.2V2.61a1.84 1.84 0 0 0 2 1.62z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-2' d='M14 4.23V14H3.42C2.09 14 1 13.2 1 12.2V2.61a1.84 1.84 0 0 0 2 1.62zM1 2.61A1.84 1.84 0 0 1 3 1h11'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-4' d='M3.06 7.03h7.48M3.06 9.03h7.48M3.06 11.03h7.48'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#method_toc.en_toc #tips_toc a{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15 15'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%238effff;opacity:0%7D.cls-2%7Bfill:%23fff%7D.cls-3%7Bfill:none;stroke:%23a3a3a3%7D.cls-4%7Bfill:%23a3a3a3%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M0 0h15v15H0z'/%3E%3Cg id='Ellipse_443-3' data-name='Ellipse 443-3'%3E%3Ccircle class='cls-2' cx='7.5' cy='7.5' r='7'/%3E%3Ccircle class='cls-3' cx='7.5' cy='7.5' r='6.56'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3Cpath class='cls-4' d='M7.56 2.63a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1.53l-.5 4.48h-1l-.53-4.48V3.67a1 1 0 0 1 1.03-1.04z'/%3E%3Crect class='cls-4' x='6.57' y='10.13' width='1.97' height='1.91' rx='.95'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}#method_toc.en_toc #summaryvideo_toc a{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 15.5 15'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%23fff;%7D.cls-1,.cls-4%7Bstroke:%2393b875;%7D.cls-2,.cls-4%7Bfill:none;%7D.cls-2%7Bopacity:0.61;%7D.cls-3%7Bfill:%2393b874;%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cg id='Layer_2' data-name='Layer 2'%3E%3Cg id='TOC'%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M.54,5.25H13.89A1.11,1.11,0,0,1,15,6.36v7a1.11,1.11,0,0,1-1.11,1.11H1.65A1.11,1.11,0,0,1,.54,13.39V5.25A0,0,0,0,1,.54,5.25Z'/%3E%3Crect class='cls-2' width='15' height='15'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M2.13,7.44H.75c-.29,0-.53-.17-.53-.37V5.2h3Z'/%3E%3Cpolygon class='cls-3' points='5.82 5.2 4.77 7.44 3.25 7.44 4.3 5.2 5.82 5.2'/%3E%3Cpolygon class='cls-3' points='8.99 5.2 7.93 7.44 5.88 7.44 6.94 5.2 8.99 5.2'/%3E%3Cpolygon class='cls-3' points='11.63 5.2 10.57 7.44 9.05 7.44 10.1 5.2 11.63 5.2'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M14.47,7.44H11.69L12.75,5.2H15V7.07C15,7.27,14.76,7.44,14.47,7.44Z'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M3.16,4.69.05,5,0,3.36c0-.2.19-.41.48-.46l1.37-.24Z'/%3E%3Cpolygon class='cls-3' points='4.26 4.5 2.96 2.47 4.46 2.21 5.78 4.23 4.26 4.5'/%3E%3Cpolygon class='cls-3' points='6.88 4.04 5.57 2.01 7.6 1.65 8.92 3.68 6.88 4.04'/%3E%3Cpolygon class='cls-3' points='10.02 3.49 8.71 1.46 10.22 1.2 11.53 3.22 10.02 3.49'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-3' d='M14.65.79l.23,1.84L12.64,3,11.33,1,14.09.52C14.38.47,14.63.59,14.65.79Z'/%3E%3Cline class='cls-4' x1='0.66' y1='7.74' x2='14.63' y2='7.74'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");color:#307431}#method_toc.en_toc #summaryvideo_toc a span{font-size:7px;color:#307431;background-color:#bbd1ab;padding:1px 4px 0 4px;border-radius:6px;display:inline-block;margin-top:1px;vertical-align:text-top;line-height:14px;margin-left:4px}#method_toc.en_toc #othervideo_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_video.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc #need_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_need.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc #ea_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_expert.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc #ingredients_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_ingredients.svg);background-position:0px 4px;background-size:15px}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_sample a,#method_toc.en_toc #ei_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_sample_new.svg);padding-left:21px}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_questionmethod a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_video.svg);padding-left:21px}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_method.toc_tech a span{display:none}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_android a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_android.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_desktop a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_desktop.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_iphone a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_iphone.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_mac a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_mac.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_mobile a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_mobile.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc .toc_windows a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_windows.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc #final_toc a{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/wikihowtoc/images/toc_final.svg)}#method_toc.en_toc #steps_toc a{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 17 17'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%2394b778%7D.cls-2%7Bfill:%23fff%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Crect id='Rectangle_1284' data-name='Rectangle 1284' class='cls-1' width='17' height='17' rx='5'/%3E%3Crect id='Rectangle_1284-2' data-name='Rectangle 1284' class='cls-2' x='3.2' y='9.99' width='3.5' height='3.5' rx='1.03'/%3E%3Crect id='Rectangle_1284-3' data-name='Rectangle 1284' class='cls-2' x='3.2' y='3.51' width='3.5' height='3.5' rx='1.03'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-2' d='M7.95 4.71h5.85v1.75H7.95zM7.95 11.19h5.85v1.75H7.95z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:14px}#method_toc .toc_hidden,#method_toc .toc_ignore{display:none}#method_toc.intl_toc{margin:3px -26px 12px;padding:10px 26px;border-radius:0;width:100%;float:none}#method_toc.intl_toc a,#method_toc.intl_toc .toc_method,#method_toc.intl_toc #toc_showless,#method_toc.intl_toc #toc_showmore,#method_toc.intl_toc .toc_pre{ background-image:url(data:image/gif;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position-x:left}#method_toc.intl_toc a{ background-position:0 3px;padding-left:15px;display:inline-block;font-size:12px;margin:0 5px 0 0}#method_toc.intl_toc .method_toc_item{display:inline;background:none;padding-left:0}#method_toc.intl_toc .method_toc_item a{line-height:17px}#method_toc.intl_toc .header_toc{margin-right:.75em;border-bottom:none;display:inline;font-size:12px}#method_toc.intl_toc .toc_nav{display:none}#method_toc.intl_toc span.summaryvideo_icon{background:url(/skins/owl/images/video_play_icon.png) 0 0 contain no-repeat; background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/video_play_icon.svg);width:14px;height:12px;margin:0 0 -1px 2px;display:inline-block}.toc_header{color:#444;border-bottom:1px solid #d8d8d4;font-size:12px;text-transform:uppercase}#section_0.title_lg,#section_0.title_md,#section_0.title_sm{font-size:35px}.section > .headline_container:not(.subheadline),.steps .headline_container{background-color:#FFF;border-radius:4px 4px 0 0;border-bottom:1px solid #f3f3f3}.section > .headline_container:not(.subheadline) h2,.steps .headline_container h2{padding:0}.method_label{color:#222}.headline_container .altblock{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;height:60px;width:60px;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;line-height:1em;text-align:center;padding:0;color:#fff;border-radius:4px 0 0 0;box-sizing:border-box;display:table;margin:0}.headline_container .altblock > div{width:100%;height:auto;display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;padding-top:.2em}.headline_container .method_label{display:none}.headline_info{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;height:59.5px;line-height:1.125em;padding:0 1em}.headline_container:not(.block_header) .headline_info{padding:0 1em}div.section.steps .headline_container .altblock span{font-size:21px;padding-top:2.5px;display:block;line-height:20px}.section{margin-top:2.2em; }.section.stuck{padding-top:58px}.section .headline_container.block_header .headline_info{padding:0 0 0 75px}.section #ingredients .checkmark,.section #thingsyoullneed .checkmark{width:1em;height:1em}.section:not(.steps) .headline_container.subheadline{padding:0.5em 0}.section:not(.steps) .headline_container.subheadline .headline_info{padding-left:1.4em}.section:not(.steps) .headline_container.subheadline h3{font-size:1.25em;font-weight:bold;color:#222222}.section:not(.steps) .headline_container.subheadline .altblock{margin-top:.35em;top:auto;height:1.5em;width:1.5em}.section .tool div,.section .headline_container{position:relative}.section .tool div.sticking,.section .headline_container.sticking{position:fixed;top:39px;width:728px;z-index:5;border-radius:0}.section .tool div.sticking .altblock,.section .headline_container.sticking .altblock{border-radius:4px;margin:7px 16px 7px 7px;width:52px;height:44px}@supports (position:sticky){.section.sticky > .headline_container.sticking{top:37px;z-index:5;position:sticky}.sticky-sentinel{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;visibility:hidden}.sticky-sentinel-top{height:20px;top:-59px}.sticky-sentinel-introa{height:20px;top:-59px;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;visibility:hidden}.section .tool div.sticking{position:sticky}}.section.tysk .headline_container{background-size:8.5%}.section.tysk .headline_container .headline_info{padding-left:0}.section.tysk .headline_container h2{padding-left:3rem}h4.steps_text{font-size:1.1em;background:#DCE8CC;color:#222}.section_text,.steps_text{border:none}.steps_list_2 > li{border:none;margin-bottom:1.5em;position:relative}.content{margin:0 0 1.5em}.content .edit-page{display:block;position:absolute;top:1.7em;right:1.7em;background:none;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:normal;color:#307530}.content .sticking .edit-page{margin-right:10px}.pre-content{border-radius:4px 4px 0 0}.method_ad{margin-left:-19px}#intro.hasad{padding-bottom:0;border-bottom:0}#intro_ad_1{height:120px}#intro_ad_1 > ins{background-color:#F3F3F3}.steps .section_text .steps_list_2 .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:25px;margin-left:-20px;margin-bottom:-21px;line-height:0}.steps .wh_ad_inner.al_grey{margin-top:35px}.steps .wh_ad_inner.wh_ad_spacing{margin-top:40px;width:728px;min-height:0 !important}#qa .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:40px;margin-left:-15px;margin-bottom:-15px;line-height:0}#qa .wh_ad_inner.wh_ad_spacing{margin-top:40px}#ingredients .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:40px;margin-left:-26px;margin-bottom:-26px;line-height:0}#thingsyoushouldknow .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px;margin-bottom:-26px}#quick_summary_section .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px}.thingsyoushouldknow h2.tysk_head{background-color:#FFF;background-size:8.5%;border-radius:7px 7px 0 0;border-image:linear-gradient(to right,#93b874,#93b874 4.4%,#f3f3f3 4.4%,#f3f3f3) 1}.thingsyoushouldknow h2.tysk_head span.mw-headline{padding-left:3rem}#relatedwikihows{padding-left:15px}#relatedwikihows .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:40px;margin-left:-15px;margin-bottom:-16px;line-height:0}#expertinterview .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:40px;margin-left:-16px;margin-bottom:-16px;line-height:0}#relatedwikihows .wh_ad_inner.wh_ad_spacing{margin-top:40px}#intro .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:24px;margin-left:-26px}#intro .wh_ad_inner.al_grey{margin-top:40px}.qz_container .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:0;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:5px}#warnings .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-14px;margin-bottom:-26px;margin-top:25px}#userreviews_mobile .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-14px;margin-bottom:-26px}#aboutthisarticle .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-14px;margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:-26px}.section .section_text .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-16px;margin-bottom:-16px}#video .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:0;margin-bottom:0}#aboutthisarticle .wh_ad_inner.al_grey{margin-top:25px}#promopair_container{display:block;position:relative;height:224px;margin-top:18px}#promopair_container.wh_ad_spacing{height:250px;background-color:#FFF;margin-top:0px;padding-top:10px}#promopair_container.tip_submit{padding-top:15px}#tips #promopair_container .wh_ad_inner{position:absolute;left:0;width:300px;height:250px}#promopair-img-wrap{position:absolute;right:-26px;width:420px}.wh_ad_spacing #promopair-img-wrap{right:0}#promopair_container img{min-width:auto;min-height:auto}ol.references{padding-left:0}#mw-mf-page-center{background:#F3F3F3}#mw-mf-page-center .qz_container{margin:26px auto}.w_label{margin-top:13px;background:#fff}.promopair.w_label{margin-top:0}#rightrail1_ad_1.blockthrough.w_label:before{display:none}.rr_container .w_label{background-color:#f3f3f3}#intro .w_label{display:block}.al_dollar{position:relative}.al_dollar:after{content:'$';font-size:9px;font-weight:bold;position:absolute;left:5px;top:-10px;color:#ecebe8}.al_dollar.w_label:before{margin-top:-18px;left:0px;padding-left:16px;padding-right:4px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;border-radius:2px;-moz-border-radius:2px;-webkit-border-radius:2px;background:-webkit-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ecebe8 0%);background:-moz-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ecebe8 0%);background:-o-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ecebe8 0%);background:-ms-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ecebe8 0%);background:linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ecebe8 0%);border:1px solid #444;font-weight:normal}#intro .al_dollar.w_label:before{background:-webkit-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ffffff 0%);background:-moz-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ffffff 0%);background:-o-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ffffff 0%);background:-ms-linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ffffff 0%);background:linear-gradient(90deg,#888888 13px,#ffffff 0%)}.w_label:before{font-size:9px;line-height:normal;color:#444;position:absolute;left:6px;margin-top:-13px;display:block}.al_grey.w_label:before{color:#bababa}.m-video-wm{display:block;position:absolute;bottom:0;right:0;background-color:#93b874;color:#FFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:13.5px;line-height:13px;opacity:0.6 !important;padding-top:5px;padding-bottom:4px;padding-right:5px;padding-left:0px;text-decoration:none;pointer-events:none}.m-video-wm canvas{height:13px;vertical-align:bottom}.m-video-wm:before{right:100%;bottom:0;content:" ";height:100%;width:0;position:absolute;pointer-events:none;border-bottom:22px solid #93b874;border-left:18px solid transparent}#preload-wm-img{background:url(/skins/WikiHow/images/WH_logo.svg) no-repeat -9999px -9999px}.content .m-video-wm-img{width:auto !important;height:11px !important;padding-right:5px;display:block;float:left}.sourcesandcitations .section_text{padding-left:42px}.content .tips .section_text ul li,.content .warnings .section_text ul li{margin-bottom:0.8em}.content .tips .section_text ul li div.wh_vote_container,.content .warnings .section_text ul li div.wh_vote_container{display:none}#end_options{display:block}#end_options li{display:inline-block}#end_options li:before{content:'|';color:#e7e7e7;margin:0 1em}#end_options li:first-child:before{display:none}#article_rating_mobile{margin:1.5rem 0 0;background:#FFF}#article_rating_mobile .mw-headline{font-weight:bold}#footer{text-align:left}#footer_inner{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1px 1fr;grid-template-rows:auto auto 30px auto auto auto;align-items:initial}.footer_divider,#footer_logo,#footer_crumbs{grid-column:1 / span 3}#footer_logo{grid-row:1}#footer_crumbs{grid-row:2}#footer_top_divider{display:none}#search_footer{grid-column:1;grid-row:4;width:85%}#footer_links{grid-column:1;grid-row:5;text-align:initial;padding-left:initial;margin-top:10px}#footer_links ul{column-gap:7.5em;margin-right:10px}#footer_vertical_divider{grid-column:2;grid-row:4 / span 3;border-left:1px solid #77a555}#byline_hover{z-index:6;position:absolute;top:28px;width:375px;max-width:375px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.5em;border:4px solid #7fa065;border-radius:6px;background-color:#FFF}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper{display:none}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay{width:100%;height:100%;position:fixed;overflow-y:scroll;top:0;left:0;z-index:100;display:none;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.2)}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay .collapse_link{display:block;top:25%;position:relative;left:25%;width:50%;background-color:#93b874;color:#fff;padding:12px 18px;font-size:20px;font-weight:bold}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay .collapse_link.open{margin-bottom:0}#aboutthisarticle #summary_wrapper.overlay .collapse_link:after{border:none}#aboutthisarticle .overlay #summary_text{position:relative;width:50%;top:25%;border:1px solid #93b874;background-color:#fff;padding:15px 20px 15px 15px;line-height:25px;left:25%;right:25%;display:block}#aboutthisarticle .overlay #summary_text h2{background-color:#93b874;color:#fff;margin:-15px -20px 10px -15px;padding:15px}#aboutthisarticle .text_summary_wrapper{overflow-y:auto}#aboutthisarticle #summary_last_sentence{display:inline}#aboutthisarticle #summary_close{position:absolute;top:11px;right:10px;width:30px;height:30px;color:#fff;border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:15px;text-align:center;line-height:30px;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;font-size:16px;display:block;background:#93b874}#aboutthisarticle .page_stats{display:block;text-align:center;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px;font-weight:bold}#aboutthisarticle #other_languages .collapse_link{background:none}#aboutthisarticle #other_languages .collapse_link::after{content:':'}#aboutthisarticle #language_links{display:block;margin-top:.5em;-webkit-columns:2;-moz-columns:2;columns:2}.al_method{display:none}#expertadvice > ul{padding-top:10px}.content .section_text.expert_advice_section p{font-size:16px;margin-bottom:0}.content .section_text.expert_advice_section ul li{font-size:16px}.healtharticle{margin-bottom:45px}.small_pdf_link,.small_offline_link{display:none}a.large_pdf_link,a.large_offline_link{display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-flex;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;float:right;font-weight:bold;margin:-5px 127px 5px 5px;font-size:12px;color:#333333;background-color:#F6F8F7;padding:.45em 1.1rem;border-radius:8px;position:relative;z-index:6}a.large_pdf_link:hover,a.large_offline_link:hover{text-decoration:none}a.large_pdf_link.pdf_link_steps,a.large_offline_link.pdf_link_steps{margin:10px 10px 0 0;min-width:135px;white-space:nowrap}a.large_pdf_link.intl,a.large_offline_link.intl{margin-right:0}a.large_pdf_link.pdf_link_steps.intl,a.large_offline_link.pdf_link_steps.intl{margin-right:10px}a.large_pdf_link img,a.large_offline_link img{width:23px;margin-right:.3rem}a.large_pdf_link > div,a.large_offline_link > div{margin-left:.4rem}a.large_pdf_link.no_align,a.large_offline_link.no_align{margin-right:.5em}a.large_offline_link{background:#93b874;color:white}#footer_newsletter{display:block;grid-column:3;grid-row:4 / span 2;width:210px;margin:0 auto;text-align:center}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_title{font-size:19px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_email{font-size:12px;width:100%;padding:5px 10px;border-radius:10px}#footer_newsletter a#footer_subscribe_button{font-size:14px;width:initial;border-radius:8px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_notice{font-size:11px}#footer_newsletter_divider{display:none}#intro .wh_ad_inner.al_grey{margin-top:40px}#watchtheserelatedvideos{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.al_grey{text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px}.table_of_contents_list_qam_test #method_toc{display:none}.list_method #method_toc{display:none}#fa_edge_intro img{max-width:calc(100% + 26px)}.wh_ad_intl.gam #intro_ad_1{height:120px;max-width:728px;background-color:#F3F3F3}#intro .wh_ad_intl.gam{max-height:120px;background-color:#F3F3F3}}@media only screen and (min-width:975px){.wh_vote_container.qa_vote_buttons .qa_widget_vote_links,.wh_vote_container.qa_vote_buttons .wh_thumb_default{display:none}.wh_thumb_response{display:none}.qa_person_circle,.qa_person_circle-img{max-height:60px;max-width:60px}.qa_expert_area,.qa_user_area{max-height:60px}#intro_ad_1.gam{height:90px}.section .section_text .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px;margin-bottom:-26px}.related-wh-quiz{border:1px solid #dfdfdf;border-radius:5px;position:relative;padding-bottom:31px;width:47%}.related-wh-quiz-button{font-weight:bold;font-size:.9em;padding:0.25em 0.5em;background:#FABC3B;border:none;color:#343434;position:absolute;left:5px;bottom:4px;border-radius:3px}#fa_edge_intro img{max-width:none}.scrolltomarker{height:1px}.w_label{display:inline-block}.wh_ad_inner.al_grey{margin-top:25px;display:block}.promopair.wh_ad_inner.al_grey{margin-top:0px}#rightrail0_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}.rrdoublewrap{height:2000px}.rrdoubleinner{position:sticky;top:65px}.rightrail_ad{position:sticky;top:65px}.rightrail_ad.rightraildouble_ad{position:relative;top:0}#rightrail1_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail2_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail3_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail4_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail5_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail6_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail7_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail8_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}#rightrail9_ad_1{position:sticky;top:65px}.article-promo{display:block;position:relative}.menu_login,.menu_messages{position:absolute;border:1px solid #91af79;margin:0;padding:10px 0;top:71px;z-index:1000;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:none;right:0}.menu_login{padding:15px 25px} #actionbar{display:block}#mw-mf-viewport{min-width:1070px}.header{height:72px;position:relative;border-top:none;max-width:1050px; }.header #mw-mf-main-menu-button,.header #hamburger_dot{display:none}.header .search{display:block;height:39px}#header_logo{background-position:left 20px;background-size:162px;width:158px;padding-left:0}#hs,#hs_query{width:auto}#hs_query{position:relative;display:block;float:left;border:solid #FFF;border-width:0 0 2px;border-radius:0;font-size:1.25em;background:none;height:auto;width:75%;min-width:200px;padding:9px 7px 4px}#hs_query::placeholder{color:#FFF;opacity:1}#hs_query.reels_search{width:258px}.hs_notif #hs_query,.hs_notif.hs_active #hs_query{margin-right:0}.hs_active .search{padding-right:0}#hs_submit{position:relative;display:inline-block;background-color:#ADC996;border-radius:4px;width:80px;background-position:center;background-size:25px;margin-left:10px}.hs_active #hs_query:valid ~ #hs_submit{display:inline-block}.love_button #hs,.love_button #hs.hs_active{width:auto}.love_button #hs_query,.love_button .hs_active #hs_query{width:75%}#content_wrapper{padding:71px 1em 1em}.header #actions{display:table-cell;padding:0px;margin:0px;border-right:1px solid #89ac6c;display:flex;justify-content:flex-end}.header #actions li{border-left:1px solid #89ac6c;padding:0px;height:72px;list-style:none !important;margin:0px;cursor:pointer;width:72.93px;position:relative;display:table}.header #actions li .nav{font-size:calc(8px + (10 - 8) * ((100vw - 975px) / (1020 - 975)));font-weight:bold;color:#475347;display:block;padding-top:40px;position:relative;text-align:center;z-index:1;line-height:normal;display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;height:auto;width:100%}.header #actions li:hover .nav{color:#2C3C2C;text-decoration:none}.header #actions li .new_bubble{font-size:.7em;padding:0 .5em;margin-left:0}.nav_icon{position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;height:46px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center;-webkit-transition:all 0.1s ease-out;transition:all 0.1s ease-out}.nav_item:hover,.nav_item_selected{background-color:#85A669}#nav_explore_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_explore.optimized.svg);background-size:28%}#nav_explore_li:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_explore_hover.optimized.svg);background-size:31%}#nav_messages_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_messages.optimized.svg);background-size:33%}#nav_messages_li:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_messages_hover.optimized.svg);background-size:37%}#nav_random_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' height='24' width='24'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 0h24v24H0zm21.02 19c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2h-14c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V5c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h14c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2v14z' fill='none'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23475347' d='M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM7.5 18c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5S6.67 15 7.5 15s1.5.67 1.5 1.5S8.33 18 7.5 18zm0-9C6.67 9 6 8.33 6 7.5S6.67 6 7.5 6 9 6.67 9 7.5 8.33 9 7.5 9zm4.5 4.5c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5s.67-1.5 1.5-1.5 1.5.67 1.5 1.5-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5zm4.5 4.5c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5s.67-1.5 1.5-1.5 1.5.67 1.5 1.5-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5zm0-9c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5S15.67 6 16.5 6s1.5.67 1.5 1.5S17.33 9 16.5 9z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:33%}#nav_random_li:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' height='24' width='24'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 0h24v24H0zm21.02 19c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2h-14c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V5c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h14c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2v14z' fill='none'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%232C3C2C' d='M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM7.5 18c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5S6.67 15 7.5 15s1.5.67 1.5 1.5S8.33 18 7.5 18zm0-9C6.67 9 6 8.33 6 7.5S6.67 6 7.5 6 9 6.67 9 7.5 8.33 9 7.5 9zm4.5 4.5c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5s.67-1.5 1.5-1.5 1.5.67 1.5 1.5-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5zm4.5 4.5c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5s.67-1.5 1.5-1.5 1.5.67 1.5 1.5-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5zm0-9c-.83 0-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5S15.67 6 16.5 6s1.5.67 1.5 1.5S17.33 9 16.5 9z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:37%}#nav_quizzes_li .nav_icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg version='1.1' id='Layer_1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' x='0' y='0' viewBox='0 0 48 48' style='enable-background:new 0 0 48 48' xml:space='preserve'%3E%3Cstyle%3E.st1%7Bfill:%23465347%7D%3C/style%3E%3Cg id='art'%3E%3Cpath style='fill:none' d='M0 0h48v48H0z'/%3E%3Cpath class='st1' d='m40.6 7.8-14.7-3c-1.6-.3-3.2.7-3.5 2.3l-.7 2.9h2.8l.2-.9 15.2 3.1-.4 1.8-7.2-1.5c.4.7.6 1.5.6 2.4v2.4l5.6 1.2-.4 1.8-5.1-1.1v4.7l4.3.9-.3 1.8-4-.8v4.7l3 .6-.4 1.8-2.6-.6V36l1.7.3c1.6.3 3.2-.7 3.5-2.3l4.7-22.7c.3-1.6-.7-3.2-2.3-3.5zM8 15v26c0 1.7 1.3 3 3 3V12c-1.7 0-3 1.3-3 3z'/%3E%3Cpath class='st1' d='M28 12H13v32h15c1.7 0 3-1.3 3-3V15c0-1.7-1.3-3-3-3zm0 5v3.1c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2h-8c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V17c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8c.9 0 1.6.5 1.9 1.3.1.2.1.5.1.7z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:36%}#nav_quizzes_li:hover .nav_icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg version='1.1' id='Layer_1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' x='0' y='0' viewBox='0 0 48 48' style='enable-background:new 0 0 48 48' xml:space='preserve'%3E%3Cstyle%3E.st1%7Bfill:%23465347%7D%3C/style%3E%3Cg id='art'%3E%3Cpath style='fill:none' d='M0 0h48v48H0z'/%3E%3Cpath class='st1' d='m40.6 7.8-14.7-3c-1.6-.3-3.2.7-3.5 2.3l-.7 2.9h2.8l.2-.9 15.2 3.1-.4 1.8-7.2-1.5c.4.7.6 1.5.6 2.4v2.4l5.6 1.2-.4 1.8-5.1-1.1v4.7l4.3.9-.3 1.8-4-.8v4.7l3 .6-.4 1.8-2.6-.6V36l1.7.3c1.6.3 3.2-.7 3.5-2.3l4.7-22.7c.3-1.6-.7-3.2-2.3-3.5zM8 15v26c0 1.7 1.3 3 3 3V12c-1.7 0-3 1.3-3 3z'/%3E%3Cpath class='st1' d='M28 12H13v32h15c1.7 0 3-1.3 3-3V15c0-1.7-1.3-3-3-3zm0 5v3.1c0 1.1-.9 2-2 2h-8c-1.1 0-2-.9-2-2V17c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h8c.9 0 1.6.5 1.9 1.3.1.2.1.5.1.7z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:40%}#random-button{display:none}#nav_profile_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_profile.optimized.svg);background-size:29%}#nav_profile_li:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_profile_hover.optimized.svg);background-size:32%}#nav_profile_li.nav_member .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/MembershipManager/images/nav_proprofile.svg);background-size:40%;background-position:center 11px}#nav_profile_li.nav_member:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/MembershipManager/images/nav_proprofile_hover.svg);background-size:43%}.menuitem.menu_separator:hover{background-color:#fff}#nav_help_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_help.optimized.svg);background-size:31%}#nav_help_li:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_help_hover.optimized.svg);background-size:34%}#nav_edit_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_edit.optimized.svg);background-size:31%}#nav_edit_li:hover .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_edit_hover.optimized.svg);background-size:34%}.menuitem.top_cat{padding-left:25px;font-size:14px;line-height:22px}.menuitem.top_cat_new{position:relative}.menuitem.top_cat_new:after{content:'New';position:absolute;right:40px;background:#FF3333;color:#FFF;border-radius:10px;line-height:15px;margin:0;font-size:10px;top:5px;padding:0 6px}.explore_menu .menuitem.top_cat_new:after{top:6px;right:20px}.explore_menu .menuitem.top_cat_new_short:after{right:55px}#actions #nav_pro_li{border:none;background:#FFF;border-radius:35px;margin:13px 10px 0 0;box-sizing:border-box;height:45px;width:100px}#actions #nav_pro_li.courses{width:90px}#actions #nav_pro_li .nav_icon{ background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/nav_pro.svg);background-size:100%;right:16px;width:22px;height:45px}#actions #nav_pro_li.courses .nav_icon{display:none}#actions #nav_pro_li .red_dot{display:none;position:absolute;background:#FF3333;height:10px;width:10px;right:13px;bottom:10px;border-radius:50%}#actions #nav_pro_li .menu{top:50px;border:none;border-radius:15px;padding:12px 0;box-shadow:-2px 4px 4px rgba(122,122,122,0.25)}#actions #nav_pro_li .menu hr{color:#D9D9D9;margin:12px 0}#actions #nav_pro_li.nav_upgrade .nav_icon{display:none}#actions #nav_pro_li.nav_upgrade a{padding:0}#actions #nav_pro_li.nav_upgrade .label{position:static}#actions #nav_pro .label{display:inline-block;background:#FFCF5A;color:#FFF;font-size:1.2em;padding:.25em .6em;position:absolute;left:16px;top:28%;border-radius:5px} .header #secondary-button.user-button,.header #wikipoints_bubble{position:absolute;padding:0;top:-2px;right:-4px;z-index:1}.header #secondary-button.user-button:hover,.header #wikipoints_bubble:hover{text-decoration:none}.header #secondary-button.user-button span,.header #wikipoints_bubble span{font-size:.6em;width:2.2em;height:1.5em;line-height:1.5em;border-radius:1.5em;position:relative}#header_container{height:72px;transform:scaleY(1);transform-origin:top;transition-duration:120ms}#header_top_watch{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;top:3px;left:0}#header_container.shrunken{transform:scaleY(0.5);transform-origin:top;transition-duration:210ms} .header_container.shrunk{height:39px}.header_container.shrunk .header{height:39px}.header_container.shrunk .header #actions .button.tech_newsletter_button{margin-top:5px}.header_container.shrunk .header #secondary-button.user-button,.header_container.shrunk .header #wikipoints_bubble{top:-10px}.header_container.shrunk #header_logo{background-position:left 5px}.header_container.shrunk #hs_query{height:32px}.header_container.shrunk #hs_submit{height:32px;background-size:21px;margin-top:3px}.header_container.shrunk .nav_icon{display:none}.header_container.shrunk .menu,.header_container.shrunk .menu_login,.header_container.shrunk .menu_messages{top:38px}.header_container.shrunk #actions li{height:39px}.header_container.shrunk #actions li .nav{padding:0}.header_container.shrunk #actions #nav_pro_li{height:30px;width:77px;margin-top:4px}.header_container.shrunk #actions #nav_pro_li .red_dot{display:none !important}.header_container.shrunk #actions #nav_pro_li .menu{top:33px}.header_container.shrunk #actions #nav_pro .label{position:relative;left:auto;top:auto}.scrollto_wrap{height:90px}#qa .wh_ad_inner{margin-top:18px;margin-bottom:-47px}#warnings .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px;margin-bottom:-26px}#aboutthisarticle .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px}#thingsyoullneed .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px;margin-bottom:-26px}#expertinterview .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px;margin-bottom:-26px}#references .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-42px}#promopair_container.wh_ad_spacing{padding-top:0px}.rtl .method_ad{margin-right:-19px}.rtl #qa .wh_ad_inner{margin-right:-16px}.rtl #intro .wh_ad_inner{margin-right:-26px}.rtl .steps .wh_ad_inner{margin-right:-21px}.rtl #relatedwikihows .wh_ad_inner{margin-right:-16px}.qz_container .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:0;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:5px}.menu_messages{right:0;font-size:.8em;width:300px;padding:0 0 3px 0}.menu_messages .mw-echo-state{background-color:#EEE}.menu_messages .mw-echo-state:hover{background-color:#F9F9F9}.menu_messages .mw-echo-unread{background-color:#F9F9F9}.menu_messages .mw-echo-content{padding-right:.5em}.menu_message_morelink{text-align:center;padding:5px} .oo-ui-windowManager-modal > .oo-ui-window.oo-ui-dialog{z-index:11}#ca-edit{display:none}.section.aidata{margin-top:-1.5em}.section_text{padding:26px}.step_num{font-size:2.8em;line-height:1em;margin-left:10px}.step{margin:0 30px 0 10px}.summarysection.mwimg,.summarysection .mwimg{margin:-26px -26px 0}#qa{padding:26px}.qa_divider{margin:0 -26px 15px}.qa_sq.qa_editing_aq{margin:0 -26px}#qa_ask_heading{margin-top:0}.references a.external,#site_notice a.external{background:none}#site_notice_x{float:right;display:block;width:14px;height:14px;background:url(/skins/owl/images/article_sprite.png) no-repeat -114px 0;margin:0 0px 10px 10px}#trust_banner{top:72px}#trust_banner > div{max-width:1050px}.shrunk_header #trust_banner{visibility:hidden}.coauthor_link:hover,.eat_tag:hover,.recipe_byline_stars:hover{text-decoration:none}#byline_hover_close{display:none}#coauthor_image:not(.always_show){display:none}#sidebar{display:block;width:300px;min-height:500px;float:right;position:relative}#sidebar .al_dollar:after{top:-16px}#sidebar #cookie_notice{display:none}#sidebar #top_links{padding:30px 15px;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;font-size:.65em;font-weight:bold}#sidebar #top_links #gatWriteAnArticle{margin-right:0}#sidebar .sidebox{background-color:#FFF;padding:16px;margin:0 0 15px 0;position:relative;-moz-border-radius:4px;-webkit-border-radius:4px;border-radius:4px;color:#686868;font-size:13px;line-height:1.3em}#sidebar .sidebox p{font-size:14px;line-height:17px;margin:12px 0 0}#sidebar .sidebox h3{font-size:13px;font-weight:bold;color:#686868;margin-bottom:11px;padding:0px;background:none}#sidebar .sidebox.short_sidebox{padding-top:10px}#sidebar .sidebox #rr_newsletter_container{background-color:#e8efe1;line-height:25px;text-align:center;border-radius:7px;padding:15px 0 20px 0}#sidebar .sidebox #rr_newsletter_container img{width:64px}#sidebar .sidebox #rr_newsletter_container h4{font-size:20px;color:#444F45;margin:0 25px;padding:0}#sidebar .sidebox #rr_newsletter_container p{font-size:16px;margin:10px 35px;line-height:25px}#sidebar .sidebox #rr_newsletter_container a{background-color:#fff;font-size:16px}#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox{line-height:normal;padding:0;font-weight:bold}#sidebar .difficult_icon{display:block;margin:.5em auto}#sidebar .arrow_box{position:relative}#sidebar .arrow_box:after,#sidebar .arrow_box:before{right:100%;top:50%;border:solid transparent;content:" ";height:0;width:0;position:absolute;pointer-events:none}#sidebar .arrow_box:before{border:none}#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox.arrow_box:after,#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox.arrow_box:before{top:38px}#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox.arrow_box:after{margin-top:0}#sidebar #aag_sidebox{display:none}#sidebar .arrow_box:after{border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);border-right-color:#FFF;border-width:11px;margin-top:-80px}#sidebar .arrow_box:before{border-color:rgba(229,229,229,0);border-right-color:#e5e5e5;border-width:12px;margin-top:-81px}#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox h3{margin:0;text-align:left;font-size:11px;background-color:#f6f5f4;padding:4px 1em;width:inherit;-moz-border-radius-topright:4px;-moz-border-radius-topleft:4px;-webkit-border-top-left-radius:4px;-webkit-border-top-right-radius:4px;top-left-border-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:4px}#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox.arrow_box h3{font-size:15px;padding:10px 0 10px 10px}#sidebar #social_proof_sidebox h4{margin:10px 5px -5px 5px;text-align:left;font-size:12px;background-color:inherit}#sidebar .sp_box{float:left;width:130px;height:75px;position:relative;padding:10px 0 10px 15px}#sidebar .sp_thin_box{width:100%;height:auto;padding:0;display:table}#sidebar .sp_star_section_upper{margin-top:4px;display:inline-block}#sidebar #sp_star_rating_lower{font-size:11px}#sidebar .sp_star_rating_text{font-weight:normal}#sidebar .sp_helpful_box,#sidebar #sp_helpful_new,#sidebar .sp_difficult_box{border-right:1px solid #f3f3f3}#sidebar .sp_difficult_box{padding:10px;text-align:center}#sidebar .helpful_sidebox .sp_star_section_upper,#sidebar .helpful_sidebox .sp_helpful_lower{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}#sidebar .helpful_sidebox .sp_helpful_lower{padding-left:10px}#sidebar .helpful_sidebox .sp_star_container{height:26px;width:26px}#sidebar .sp_top_box{padding:10px;position:relative;background-color:#f0f5ec;border-radius:4px 4px 0 0;border:1px solid #ECEBE8}#sidebar .ar_avatar.generic{border:2px solid #708461}#sidebar .sp_expert_name a{color:#545454}#sidebar .sp_expert_blurb{font-size:12px}#sidebar #social_proof{font-size:11px;line-height:normal;color:#212121;margin:3px 0 30px 0;padding:0 0 5px 0;list-style:none}#sidebar #social_proof li{margin:0 10px 0 0;float:left;line-height:15px;color:#767676}#sidebar #sp_modified{display:inline-block;min-width:70px}#sidebar .sp_circle{border-radius:50%;width:15px;height:15px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:3px;float:left}#sidebar .sp_updated_icon{ background-image:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA8AAAAPCAQAAACR313BAAABFElEQVQY00WQwS5DURRFLzGX+ARhLjEUHyG+QvyAmHUmxv6BmJhI/ILeu55HGkUrDSJiQrVoFK/L4LaRMznZ62SffU4gjGuBXdpU9DlhnZmsZjTNBg+IySQy5IiFf7yHGMXCYtzxyHLGmxm27fvtj+/eGk3SYC6wSAejT2rlwIGV+pQdtgM7GG2pQ5smk02/1JZRCLSx7qt65amIp16rXaN0Q6pKr/2ysmVpTl/666dJRiH1Cl9U7VmaxOiFIz9MMgwcJ/HVnmcmsW70eRKuE1jjM1lYmMTSjl11kJ32A4GDvBGjTUdq34ZRflgNBOa5Zxzq3DtvTPnq2uSpS1xOBuoZVdSYmuDALFuc8caIIQ8cspL1P0dFas6MaYbtAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)}#sidebar .sp_updated_icon_sidebar{margin:14px auto 5px auto;position:absolute;left:-2px;right:0;width:22px;height:20px;background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_icon_sidebar.png);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='37.593' height='33.009' viewBox='0 0 37.593 33.009'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FFF' d='M21.089 33.009v-5c6.344 0 11.504-5.161 11.504-11.504S27.433 5 21.089 5 9.584 10.161 9.584 16.504c0 .541.038 1.084.112 1.614l-4.951.694a16.776 16.776 0 0 1-.161-2.309C4.584 7.404 11.988 0 21.089 0s16.504 7.404 16.504 16.504-7.404 16.505-16.504 16.505z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FFF' d='M14.169 17.468l-7.085 7%0A.084L0 17.468z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:cover}#sidebar .sp_text{line-height:17px;font-weight:normal;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;font-size:11px}#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text{display:table-cell;padding:8px 3.5%;vertical-align:top}#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text:first-child{width:26%;padding-left:6.5%}#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text:nth-child(2){width:28%}#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text:last-child{width:22%}#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text,#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text a{color:#595959}#sidebar .sp_thin_box .sp_text_data{display:block;color:#545454}#sidebar .sp_text_data{font-size:12px;font-weight:bold}#sidebar .sp_stats_box.sp_thin_box{width:100%;float:none}#sidebar #sp_stats_sidebox{padding:5px 0}#sidebar #sp_stats_sidebox .sp_text_data{font-size:13px}#sidebar .sp_edit_icon{ background-image:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA8AAAAPCAQAAACR313BAAAA6ElEQVQY01XQMUoDYRCG4VHsBY8gsRcsxUOIpxAvIHbpxNo7KDY2gmcw+yaKIijB1YQEG9EkKhgk+1r8WbOZr5uHGYYJYpoaR7SZMOKSHZZSN9Eiu3TxP2POqc34uEI2bIj02Ei8V8Ur2z6ZidyxEqyRVzG3UHtpw0FwWMVnC1WHaZ6gPcMXU317m/gjmJQHdab45U1aLUUwRMzsT/HT6xJlHFxgwwf7/qgjWzOUPNjmO/PVR3MH8ygnQXCa+e6bbZvpoDK/bAXBKp2mmM2j1MunrnPPPE2os1BysMw+LQYUjOlyxmbq/wEA8mibiYqo7QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)}#sidebar .sp_edit_icon_sidebar{margin:15px auto 5px auto;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;width:18px;height:18px;background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_edit_icon_sidebar.png); background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='19.813' height='19.82' viewBox='0 0 19.813 19.82'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23FFF' d='M19.801 4.792l-6.398 6.397L6.042 18.5 0 19.82l1.269-6.092 7.362-7.311L15.028.02s1.371-.305 3.199 1.523c1.828 1.877 1.574 3.249 1.574 3.249zM6.296 17.18s-.051-1.117-1.32-2.386c-1.219-1.269-2.387-1.269-2.387-1.269l-.558.609-.457 2.031c.355.203.761.457 1.167.863.457.457.711.812.914 1.219l2.031-.457.61-.61z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-size:cover}#sidebar #sp_section_name{color:#545454;font-size:11px;padding-bottom:6px}#sidebar .sp_nonverifier_text > div{font-size:13px}#sidebar .sp_popup_container{top:110px;left:-20px;position:absolute;z-index:100000007;display:none}#sidebar .hint_box{min-width:150px;max-width:180px;position:relative;background:#FFF;border:3px solid;border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.13);border-radius:4px;font-weight:normal;padding:9px;-moz-background-clip:padding; -webkit-background-clip:padding; background-clip:padding-box}#sidebar .hint_box p{font-size:12px;line-height:normal;margin:0;text-align:left}#sidebar .hint_box:after,#sidebar .hint_box:before{left:50%;border:solid transparent;content:" ";height:0;width:0;position:absolute;pointer-events:none}#sidebar .hint_box:after{top:-19px;border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);border-bottom-color:#FFF;border-width:10px;margin-left:-10px}#sidebar .hint_box:before{top:-24px;border-bottom-color:#d5d5d5;border-width:12px;margin-left:-12px;-moz-background-clip:padding; -webkit-background-clip:padding; background-clip:padding-box}#sidebar .noarrow:after,#sidebar .noarrow:before{display:none}#sidebar .sp_helpful_rating_count,#sidebar #sp_helpful_text_sidebox{font-size:11px;font-weight:normal;color:#595959}#sidebar #sp_helpful_text_sidebox{margin-top:5px}#sidebar .helpfulness_text{font-size:12px;color:#545454;padding:4px 0 8px}#sidebar .sp_star_container{position:relative;width:21px;height:21px;float:left;border-right:2px solid transparent; background-image:url(/skins/owl/images/sp_helpful_icon_star_empty.optimized.svg) 0 0 cover no-repeat}#sidebar .social_sidebox{background-color:#FFF;padding:0}#sidebar .social_sidebox h3{margin:0;text-align:left;font-size:11px;background-color:#f6f5f4;padding:4px 1em;width:inherit;-moz-border-radius-topright:4px;-moz-border-radius-topleft:4px;-webkit-border-top-left-radius:4px;-webkit-border-top-right-radius:4px;top-left-border-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:4px}#sidebar .sp_helpful_box.helpful_sidebox{float:none;border-right:none;width:auto;height:auto;padding:15px;border-bottom:1px solid #e7e7e7}#sidebar .sp_helpful_statement{font-size:13px;margin-bottom:5px}#sidebar .sp_helpful_statement span{font-size:18px;font-weight:bold}#sidebar #sp_icon_header{background-color:#7fa065;color:#FFF;font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;padding:8px 25px}#sidebar #byline_hover_body{padding:10px 25px}#sidebar #byline_hover_body a{font-weight:bold}#sidebar #byline_hover_body .sp_expert_icon{width:20px;height:20px;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-4px}#sidebar #side_related_articles{padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:8px}#sidebar #side_related_articles_larger .related-article{width:100%;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:4%}#sidebar #side_related_articles .related-article{margin-right:4%;margin-bottom:10px;width:45%}#sidebar #side_related_articles .related-title{bottom:4px}#sidebar .rr_container #side_related_articles{margin-top:10px;width:300px;box-sizing:border-box}#sidebar .rr_container{padding-bottom:15px;position:relative}#sidebar .rr_container.nofixed .w_label{background-color:#ecebe8}#sidebar #userreviews{line-height:normal;margin:3px 0 15px 0;padding:0;color:#686868;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold;position:relative;background-color:white;max-width:300px}#sidebar .ur_review{margin-bottom:1px;background-color:#fff;padding:15px 20px;border-radius:4px}#sidebar .ur_review_text{position:relative;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;font-size:13px;line-height:18px;color:#545454;margin-top:7px}#sidebar .ur_nav_container{background-color:#FFF;margin-top:-6px;padding:0px 20px 15px;min-height:1em;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px}#sidebar .ur_share{float:right;font-weight:normal}#sidebar .ur_share_recipes{display:block;font-size:15px;font-weight:bold}#sidebar .ur_nav{display:block}#sidebar .ur_nav_staff{display:block;background:#f3f3f3;padding:5px}#sidebar .ur_even_more{display:none}#sidebar .ur_hide{display:none}#sidebar .ur_author .ur_name{font-size:13px;color:#545454;font-weight:bold}#sidebar .ur_review .ur_date{font-size:11px;color:#9c9c9c}#sidebar .ur_review p{margin-top:0px}#sidebar .ur_avatar{width:36px;height:36px;display:inline-block;border-radius:16%;margin-right:5px;vertical-align:bottom;overflow:hidden}#sidebar #sidebar_share{text-align:center}#sidebar #sidebar_share h3{text-align:left;padding-bottom:5px}#sidebar #sidebar_share > div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:bottom;margin-right:10px}#sidebar #sidebar_share > div.admin_state{margin:0px 3px -4px -1px}#sidebar #sidebar_share div.like_button{margin-bottom:-8px}#sidebar #sidebar_share div.like_button_es{margin-right:0px}#sidebar #sidebar_share #pinterest{margin-right:3px}#sidebar #sidebar_share #pinterest a{ direction:ltr}#sidebar #sidebar_share div.email_share{margin-left:4px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:-6px}#sidebar #sidebar_share div.email_share a{display:inline-block;position:relative;z-index:10}#sidebar #sidebar_share div.email_share img{cursor:pointer}#sidebar .fb_iframe_widget iframe{width:auto;position:absolute}#userreviews_mobile{display:none}#aboutthisarticle > .section_text,#aboutthisarticle .sp_top_box,#aboutthisarticle #sp_expert_desc,#aboutthisarticle .sp_box{padding:15px 26px}#aboutthisarticle .sp_difficult_box{padding:15px 0 0}#aboutthisarticle .sp_top_icon_bg{left:26px}#aboutthisarticle #endoptions{border-radius:0}#aboutthisarticle .page_stats{font-size:1.1em;padding:1.6em 26px}#aboutthisarticle #summary_text{border-bottom:none;margin-bottom:0}.no_sidebar #content_inner{float:none;max-width:1050px}#content_inner{float:left}.full_width #content_wrapper,.full_width #content_inner{max-width:initial}#footer_inner{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;max-width:1070px;align-items:start;margin-top:10px;column-gap:2%}.footer_divider,#footer_logo,#footer_crumbs{grid-column:span 2}#footer_top_divider{display:initial}#footer_bottom_divider{display:none}#footer_vertical_divider{display:none}a.rr_newsletter_button{display:block;text-align:center;padding:4px;border-radius:7px;border:1px solid #94B778;color:#94B778;font-weight:bold}#rr_newsletter{padding:0px !important;line-height:25px;margin-bottom:20px}#rr_newsletter #rr_newsletter_signup{margin:auto;width:80%}#search_footer{grid-column:1 / 1;grid-row:span 1;min-width:265px;width:100%}#footer_links{grid-column:2 / span 1;grid-row:span 2;margin:0 0 0 50px;padding-left:1em;text-align:center}#footer_links ul{margin-top:-5px;-webkit-columns:2;-moz-columns:2;columns:2;-webkit-column-gap:.5em;-moz-column-gap:.5em;column-gap:.5em;margin-right:0}#footer_links li{margin-right:25px}.steps_list_2 .mwimg.largeimage{margin-bottom:20px}#qa .wh_ad_inner{margin-left:-26px;width:728px}#side_featured_articles .text{background-color:rgba(50,50,50,0.5);padding:2% 4%;width:92.75%;min-height:32px;position:absolute;bottom:0;cursor:pointer;color:#fff;font-weight:bold}#side_featured_articles .text:hover{background:white}#side_featured_contributor .bottom_button{text-align:center}#side_featured_contributor .bottom_button .button{margin:.1em 0;display:inline-block}#fc_id_img{float:left;margin-right:.8em}.thumbnail a:hover p{color:#2483ef}.sidebox .thumbnail p{font-size:12px !important}.sidebox .thumbnail p span{font-size:13px !important}#gdpr{padding-top:5px;padding-bottom:5px}#gdpr_text{font-size:13px;margin-left:-85px}#gdpr_cp_link{top:0px}.s-help-response{padding-left:10px;cursor:pointer;border:none;font-size:16px;font-family:Helvetica,arial,sans-serif;color:#363;background:none}.s-help-wrap{position:relative;width:50%;top:25%;left:25%;right:25%;display:block;background-color:#fff;padding:0 20px 15px 15px;border:1px solid #93b874;border-top:none}.s-help-response:hover{text-decoration:underline;background-color:inherit;border:none}#introad-outer > .gptlight{width:728px;height:90px}.s-help-wrap > .s-help-feedback-wrap{padding-bottom:30px}.s-help-feedback-wrap{display:none}#sample_loading{display:initial}#footer_newsletter{display:initial;margin:-25px 0 0 40px;min-width:200px;grid-row:2 / span 4;text-align:left}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_title{font-size:18px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_email{box-sizing:initial;padding:5px 10px;font-size:14px;width:170px;border-radius:5px}#footer_newsletter a#footer_subscribe_button{box-sizing:initial;margin:initial;padding:2px 5px;border-radius:5px;font-size:initial;width:182px}#footer_newsletter #footer_subscribe_notice{width:180px;margin:5px 0;font-size:12px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1020px){.header #actions li .nav{font-size:10px}}@media only screen and (min-width:1020px){.menu.explore_menu{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px}.explore_menu .menuitem,.explore_menu .menuitem.top_cat{width:218px}}</style> <script>window.WH.proMembership=0;</script> <script>window.WH.jsFastRender=0;</script> <script>window.WH.pageName='wikiHow:%C3%9Cber-wikiHow'; window.WH.pageID=2200; window.WH.pageNamespace=4; window.WH.pageLang='de'; window.WH.isMobile=1; window.WH.stuCount=0; window.WH.isAltDomain=0; window.WH.topCat1=''; window.WH.topCat2=''; window.WH.bucket=6; window.WH.isDev=0; window.WH.isAnon=1 == 1; window.WH.userType='anon'; window.WH.isUserWithAds=0 == 1; window.WH.wgCategories=[];</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/> <script>(function(){var wh=window.WH=(window.WH||{}),ok=typeof window.addEventListener=='function',d=document,e='event_tracker_ready';wh.largeEvent=function(z,y){ok&&d.addEventListener(e,function(){wh.largeEvent(z,y)})};wh.event=function(z,y){ok&&d.addEventListener(e,function(){wh.event(z,y)})} wh.largeEventView=function(z,y,x,w,v,u){ok&&d.addEventListener(e,function(){wh.largeEventView(z,y,x,w,v,u)})};wh.eventView=function(z,y,x,w,v,u){ok&&d.addEventListener(e,function(){wh.eventView(z,y,x,w,v,u)})}})();</script> <!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="/load.php?debug=false&lang=de&modules=html5shiv&only=scripts&siterev=Z8S6V&skin=wh&sync=1"></script><![endif]--> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr capitalize-all-nouns mw-hide-empty-elt ns-4 ns-subject page-wikiHow_Über_wikiHow rootpage-wikiHow_Über_wikiHow rootpage-intl stable skin-minervawh action-view contribute_test0"><script>WH.gaType = "mobile"; WH.gaID = "UA-2375655-1"; WH.gaConfig = {"extraPropertyIds":[],"v4PropertyId":"G-5XMN2HHVJL","mainv4PropertyId":"G-5VNCK4B0SE"}; </script><div id="header_container" class="header_container" data-responsive="1"><a id="skip-main" tabindex="1">Skip to Content</a><div id="header" class="header" role="navigation"><a href="#" title="Hauptmenü öffnen" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" class="mainmenu element main-menu-button"></a><a id="header_logo" href="/Hauptseite"></a><div id="hs"><form action="/wikiHowTo" class="search" target="_top" id="search_form_top"><input id="hs_query" role="textbox" tabindex="0" name="search" aria-label="Suchen" required="" placeholder="" x-webkit-speech=""><button type="submit" id="hs_submit" name="Search"></button><div id="hs_close" role="button" tabindex="-1"></div></form></div><ul id="actions" role="menubar" aria-label="Titel Navigation"><li id="nav_explore_li" class="nav_item" role="menuitem" aria-labelledby="nav_explore"><div class="nav_icon"></div><a id="nav_explore" class="nav" aria-expanded="false" href="#">SUCHEN</a><div class="menu" role="menu"> <a href="/wikiHow:%C3%9Cber-wikiHow" class="menuitem " > Über Uns </a> <a href="/wikiHow:Gemeinschaftsportal" class="menuitem " > Gemeinschaftsportal </a> <a href="/Spezial:Randomizer" class="menuitem " > Zufällige Seite </a> <a href="/Spezial:CategoryListing" class="menuitem " > Kategorien </a> </div> </li><li id="nav_profile_li" class="nav_item" role="menuitem" aria-labelledby="nav_profile"><div class="nav_icon"></div><a id="nav_profile" class="nav" aria-expanded="false" href="#wh-dialog-login" rel="nofollow" data-link="#wh-dialog-login">ANMELDEN</a><div class="menu_login" role="menu"> <div name="userlogin" class="userlogin"> <h3>Anmelden</h3> <div id='social-login-navbar' data-return-to=''> <label class='social-disabled'>Das Login über soziale Medien ist mit inkognito und privaten Browsern nicht möglich. Bitte loge dich mit deinem Benutzernamen und deinem Passwort ein.</label> <div id="fb_connect_head"> <a id="fb_login_head" href="#" role="button" class="ulb_button ulb_social_button loading" aria-label="Login mit Facebook"> <span class="ulb_icon"></span> <span class="ulb_label">Facebook</span> </a> </div> <div id="gplus_connect_head"> <a id="gplus_login_head" href="#" role="button" class="ulb_button ulb_social_button loading" aria-label="Login mit Google"> <span class="ulb_icon"></span> <span class="ulb_label">Google</span> </a> </div> </div> <div> <a href="#wh-dialog-login" role="button" id="wh_login_head" class="ulb_button ulb_login" aria-label="Anmelden"><span class="ulb_icon"></span><span class="ulb_label">wikiHow Konto</span></a> </div> <div class="userlogin_links"> Du hast noch kein Konto? <a href="/Spezial:UserLogin?type=signup">Erstelle ein Konto</a> </div> </div> </div> </li><li id="nav_random_li" class="nav_item" role="menuitem" aria-labelledby="nav_random"><div class="nav_icon"></div><a id="nav_random" class="nav" aria-expanded="false" href="#" data-link="/Spezial:Randomizer">ZUFÄLLIG</a></li></ul></div></div><div id="header_container_small" class="header_container shrunk"></div><div id="header_top_watch"></div><div id="mw-mf-viewport"><div id="mw-mf-page-left"><ul id="mobile_menu"><li class="icon-home"><a href="/Hauptseite">Start</a></li><li id="randomButton" class="icon-random"><a href="/Spezial:Randomizer">Zufall</a></li><li id="icon-categories" class="icon-categories"><a href="/Spezial:CategoryListing">Kategorien durchsuchen</a></li><li id="icon-aboutwikihow" class="icon-aboutwikihow"><a href="/wikiHow:%C3%9Cber-wikiHow">Über wikiHow</a></li></ul><ul><li class="icon-anon"><a href="#wh-dialog-login">Anmelden/ Registrieren</a></li></ul><div class="mw-mf-display-toggle"><a href="/wikiHow:Richtlinien" class="gdpr-menu">Richtlinien</a></div></div><div id="mw-mf-page-center"><div id="siteNotice"></div><div id="content_wrapper" role="main"><script type="application/json" id="adDataConfig">{"scrolltoRootLoadingMargin":"0px 0px 1500px 0px","scrolltoLoadingCheck":800}</script><div id="content_inner"><script>if (typeof mw != 'undefined') { mw.mobileFrontend.emit( 'header-loaded' ); }</script><div class="pre-content"><h1 id="section_0" class="title_lg">Über wikiHow</h1></div><div id="bodyContent" class="content"><script>(function(){'use strict';window.WH=window.WH||{};window.WH.performance={};window.WH.performance.mark=function(name){if(typeof performance!=='undefined'&&typeof performance.mark==='function'){return performance.mark(name);}};window.WH.performance.clearMarks=function(name){if(typeof performance!=='undefined'&&typeof performance.clearMarks==='function'){return performance.clearMarks(name);}};}());</script> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="de" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-parser-output"> <div id="intro" class="section sticky"> <div class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="mwimg introimage largeimage underwidth floatcenter " style="max-width:670px"><a href="#/Bild:We%27re_here_to_help-(2).jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:27.826086956522%"> <img alt="We're_here_to_help (2).jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/a2/We%27re_here_to_help-%282%29.jpg/670px-We%27re_here_to_help-%282%29.jpg" data-firstimage="1" data-width="460" data-height="128" id="c31114569ee856668473a4ff42fe0b58" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/a/a2/We%27re_here_to_help-%282%29.jpg/460px-We%27re_here_to_help-%282%29.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('c31114569ee856668473a4ff42fe0b58')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="We're_here_to_help (2).jpg" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/a/a2/We%27re_here_to_help-%282%29.jpg/460px-We%27re_here_to_help-%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/a2/We%27re_here_to_help-%282%29.jpg/670px-We%27re_here_to_help-%282%29.jpg" data-firstimage="1" data-width="460" data-height="128" id="c31114569ee856668473a4ff42fe0b58"></noscript> <div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/a\/a2\/We%27re_here_to_help-%282%29.jpg\/460px-We%27re_here_to_help-%282%29.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a2\/We%27re_here_to_help-%282%29.jpg\/670px-We%27re_here_to_help-%282%29.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":128,"bigWidth":670,"bigHeight":186,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <p>wikiHow ist eine weltweite Gemeinschaft von tausenden von Leuten mit einem Ziel: Die ganze Welt an ihrem Wissen teilhaben zu lassen. </p> <p><b>Alles was du bei wikiHow liest wurde von jemandem geschrieben, der einem anderen helfen will.</b> </p> </div> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> <h2 class="section-heading hidden" onclick="javascript:mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element indicator"></div> <span class="mw-headline" id="Vorgehensweise">Vorgehensweise</span> </h2> <div class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="section steps steps_first sticky"> <div class="headline_container block_header in-block subheadline"><div class="headline_info"> <span id="Warum-solltest-du-zuerst-wikiHow-wählen?"></span><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Warum-solltest-du-zuerst-wikiHow-w.C3.A4hlen.3F">Warum solltest du zuerst wikiHow wählen?</span></h3> </div></div> <div id="vorgehensweise_1" class="section_text"> <ul><li class="hasimg"> <div class="mwimg largeimage underwidth floatcenter " style="max-width:670px"><a href="#/Bild:How_it_works-(1).jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:37.608695652174%"> <img alt="How_it_works (1).jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e2/How_it_works-%281%29.jpg/670px-How_it_works-%281%29.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="173" id="2397a03e6a14c4ca4ac3ff4683da658d" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/e/e2/How_it_works-%281%29.jpg/460px-How_it_works-%281%29.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('2397a03e6a14c4ca4ac3ff4683da658d')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="How_it_works (1).jpg" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/e/e2/How_it_works-%281%29.jpg/460px-How_it_works-%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e2/How_it_works-%281%29.jpg/670px-How_it_works-%281%29.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="173" id="2397a03e6a14c4ca4ac3ff4683da658d"></noscript> <div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/e2\/How_it_works-%281%29.jpg\/460px-How_it_works-%281%29.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e2\/How_it_works-%281%29.jpg\/670px-How_it_works-%281%29.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":173,"bigWidth":670,"bigHeight":252,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div>Gründe, warum du zuerst wikiHow wählen solltest: Wir geben all unsere Kraft, um dir die hilfreichsten Tipps und Anleitungen im Internet zu liefern. Die meisten Verlage verfügen über nur einen Autor der einen Artikel schreibt, <b>dagegen wird ein durchschnittlicher Artikel bei wikiHow von 23 Personen bearbeitet und verbessert und von 16 Personen überprüft.</b><br><br><div class="sp_expert_icon" style="width: 60px;height: 60px;float: left;margin-right: 1em;"></div>Suche nach Artikeln mit dem grünen Häkchen, da diese eine zusätzliche Überprüfungsebene durchlaufen sind. <b>Wenn du das grüne Experten-Häkchen auf einem medizinischen Artikel siehst, weisst du, dass ein <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://de.wikihow.com/Experten#medizinische%20berichtsseite">Arzt</a> eine Version davon überprüft hat.</b> Sowie <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://de.wikihow.com/Experten#tiere%20und%20veterin%C3%A4rbehandlungen">Tierärzte</a> unsere Haustierartikel überprüfen und <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://de.wikihow.com/Experten#recht">Anwälte</a> unsere juristischen Artikel. <b> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://de.wikihow.com/Experten">Hier</a> findest du eine Liste der medizinischen, rechtlichen, finanziellen und anderen Gutachter von wikiHow. </b> <br> <br> Aber wir legen die Hände nicht in den Schoss. Wir verbessern uns ständig. Wir überwachen das Feedback, das Leser zu jedem Artikel hinterlassen. Falls ein Artikel zwar inhaltlich korrekt, aber unverständlich ist, schreiben wir ihn neu. Wenn unsere Abbildungen dem Inhalt nicht entsprechen, zeichnen wir sie neu. <b>Tatsächlich wird der durchschnittliche wikiHow-Artikel 9 Mal pro Jahr geändert.</b> Selbst nachdem die Leser einen Artikel mit Lob überschüttet haben, finden wir Möglichkeiten, ihn noch besser zu gestalten. Wir hören nie auf. <br> <br> <b>Sie sehen, wikiHow ist nicht nur die Arbeit einer Person. Es ist die gemeinsame Anstrengung vieler. </b>Tausende von Freiwilligen, das größte Team von Illustratoren im Internet, Hunderte von Fotografen und über 500 anerkannte Experten arbeiten kontinuierlich an Artikeln und überarbeiten sie, bis sie die hilfreichsten und zuverlässigsten Anleitungen im Web sind. <br> <br> </li></ul> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="section steps sticky"> <div class="headline_container block_header in-block subheadline"><div class="headline_info"> <span id="Wer-sind-die-Experten,-welche-die-Artikel-von-wikiHow-prüfen?"></span><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Wer-sind-die-Experten.2C-welche-die-Artikel-von-wikiHow-pr.C3.BCfen.3F">Wer sind die Experten, welche die Artikel von wikiHow prüfen?</span></h3> </div></div> <div id="vorgehensweise_2" class="section_text"> <div style="margin: 0 0 16px 0; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; color: #444F45; letter-spacing: 0;">Lerne einige der über 1600 professionellen Co-Autoren kennen, welche ihr Wissen mit wikiHow teilen indem sie unsere Artikel prüfen, Leserfragen beantworten und Tipps geben.</div> <div class="featured_experts"> <div> <div class="expert_category">Gesundheit</div> <div class="expert_name"> Adrienne Youdim, <span>MD</span> </div> <div class="expert_title">Anerkannter und zertifizierter Internist</div> <div class="mwimg largeimage underwidth floatcenter " style="max-width:424px"><a href="#/Bild:Youdim_2.png" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:100%"> <img alt="Youdim_2.png" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/d/d5/Youdim_2.png/424px-Youdim_2.png" data-width="460" data-height="460" id="f3ba687821a2465ba57ed8160b68830a" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/d/d5/Youdim_2.png"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('f3ba687821a2465ba57ed8160b68830a')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Youdim_2.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/d/d5/Youdim_2.png" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/d/d5/Youdim_2.png/424px-Youdim_2.png" data-width="460" data-height="460" id="f3ba687821a2465ba57ed8160b68830a"></noscript> <div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/d\/d5\/Youdim_2.png","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d5\/Youdim_2.png\/424px-Youdim_2.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":460,"bigWidth":424,"bigHeight":424,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="expert_desc">Anerkannter und zertifizierter Internist mit Spezialisierung auf medizinische Gewichtsabnahme und Ernährung. Professor für Medizin an der UCLA und am Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.</div> </div> <div> <div class="expert_category">TIERE</div> <div class="expert_name">Brian Bourquin, <span>DVM</span> </div> <div class="expert_title">Veterinär und Tierklinikbesitzer</div> <div class="mwimg tcenter floatcenter " style="max-width:300px"><a href="#/Bild:BrianBourquin.png" class="image"><img alt="BrianBourquin.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/b/b0/BrianBourquin.png" decoding="async" class="whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/b0/BrianBourquin.png/300px-BrianBourquin.png" data-width="460" data-height="460" id="60284c855263336c28bd08815cf6f503"><div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/b\/b0\/BrianBourquin.png","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/b0\/BrianBourquin.png\/300px-BrianBourquin.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":460,"bigWidth":300,"bigHeight":300,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="expert_desc">Besitzer der Boston Veterinärklinik, spezialisiert in Erst- und Notfallhilfe mit über 19 Jahren Veterinärerfahrung.</div> </div> <div> <div class="expert_category">BILDUNG</div> <div class="expert_name">Arash Fayz</div> <div class="expert_title">Tutor für Examensvorbereitung</div> <div class="mwimg tcenter floatcenter " style="max-width:300px"><a href="#/Bild:ArashFayz.png" class="image"><img alt="ArashFayz.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/9/9e/ArashFayz.png" decoding="async" class="whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/9/9e/ArashFayz.png/300px-ArashFayz.png" data-width="460" data-height="460" id="675e95693f1104c47fcd149e3564d472"><div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/9\/9e\/ArashFayz.png","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/9e\/ArashFayz.png\/300px-ArashFayz.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":460,"bigWidth":300,"bigHeight":300,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="expert_desc">Co-Founder von LA Tutors 123, eine akademische Beratungs- und Nachhilfe Institution mit über 10 Jahren Erfahrung in pädagogischer Beratung.</div> </div> <div> <div class="expert_category">GEISTIGE GESUNDHEIT</div> <div class="expert_name">Chloe Carmichael, <span>PhD</span> </div> <div class="expert_title">Lizenzierter Psychologe</div> <div class="mwimg tcenter floatcenter " style="max-width:300px"><a href="#/Bild:ChloeCarmichael.png" class="image"><img alt="ChloeCarmichael.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/a/a9/ChloeCarmichael.png" decoding="async" class="whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/a9/ChloeCarmichael.png/300px-ChloeCarmichael.png" data-width="460" data-height="460" id="b50372c088cadd29340457178c0bb2bd"><div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/a\/a9\/ChloeCarmichael.png","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a9\/ChloeCarmichael.png\/300px-ChloeCarmichael.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":460,"bigWidth":300,"bigHeight":300,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="expert_desc">Lizenzierter klinischer Psychologe und Fakultätsmitglied bei CUNY. Spezialisiert auf Beziehungs-, Stress- und Karriere-Coaching.</div> </div> <div> <div class="expert_category">ERNÄHRUNG</div> <div class="expert_name">Alex Hong</div> <div class="expert_title">Chefkoch und Restaurantbesitzer</div> <div class="mwimg tcenter floatcenter " style="max-width:300px"><a href="#/Bild:AlexHong.png" class="image"><img alt="AlexHong.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/d/d7/AlexHong.png" decoding="async" class="whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/d/d7/AlexHong.png/300px-AlexHong.png" data-width="460" data-height="460" id="b61d802e4588fe437268136e755e365d"><div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/d\/d7\/AlexHong.png","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d7\/AlexHong.png\/300px-AlexHong.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":460,"bigWidth":300,"bigHeight":300,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="expert_desc">Chefkoch und Miteigentümer von SORREL, einem Restaurant mit einem Michelin Stern in SAn Francisco, Kalifornien mit über 10 Jahren Erfahrung in der Führung eines Restaurants.</div> </div> <div> <div class="expert_category">PERSÖNLICHER STYLE</div> <div class="expert_name">Kalee Hewlett</div> <div class="expert_title">Stylist</div> <div class="mwimg tcenter floatcenter " style="max-width:300px"><a href="#/Bild:KaleeHewitt.png" class="image"><img alt="KaleeHewitt.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/c/c7/KaleeHewitt.png" decoding="async" class="whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/c/c7/KaleeHewitt.png/300px-KaleeHewitt.png" data-width="460" data-height="460" id="727a0a84e5488f4bc3ccfada3bc2b5df"><div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/c\/c7\/KaleeHewitt.png","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c7\/KaleeHewitt.png\/300px-KaleeHewitt.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":460,"bigWidth":300,"bigHeight":300,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="expert_desc">Mode Stylist mit über 15 Jahren Erfahrung im stylen von Prominenz und persönlicher Styleberatung. Arbeitet bei NOX, DT and The Verge.</div> </div> <div> <div class="expert_category">RECHT</div> <div class="expert_name">Lahaina Araneta, <span>JD</span> </div> <div class="expert_title">Rechtsanwalt</div> <div class="mwimg tcenter floatcenter " style="max-width:300px"><a href="#/Bild:LahainaAraneta.png" class="image"><img alt="LahainaAraneta.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/e/e9/LahainaAraneta.png" decoding="async" class="whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/e/e9/LahainaAraneta.png/300px-LahainaAraneta.png" data-width="460" data-height="460" id="845c1266bea591a845079f102d89dd61"><div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/e\/e9\/LahainaAraneta.png","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e9\/LahainaAraneta.png\/300px-LahainaAraneta.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":460,"bigWidth":300,"bigHeight":300,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="expert_desc">Einwanderungs Anwalt für das Orange County in Kalifornien mit über 8 Jahren Rechtserfahrung. Sie absolvierte ihren Doktor an der Loyola Law School im Jahre 2012.</div> </div> <div> <div class="expert_category">KARRIERE</div> <div class="expert_name">Annie Lin, <span>MBA</span> </div> <div class="expert_title">Lebens- und Karriere Coach</div> <div class="mwimg tcenter floatcenter " style="max-width:300px"><a href="#/Bild:AnnieLin.png" class="image"><img alt="AnnieLin.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/4/44/AnnieLin.png" decoding="async" class="whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/44/AnnieLin.png/300px-AnnieLin.png" data-width="460" data-height="460" id="0ed1149df0f0a68a342c68f709356d25"><div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/4\/44\/AnnieLin.png","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/44\/AnnieLin.png\/300px-AnnieLin.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":460,"bigWidth":300,"bigHeight":300,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="expert_desc">Gründer der New York Life Coaching Agentur, einem Lebens- und Karrierecoaching Service.</div> </div> <div> <div class="expert_category">FITNESS</div> <div class="expert_name">Laila Ajani</div> <div class="expert_title">Fitness Trainer</div> <div class="mwimg tcenter floatcenter " style="max-width:300px"><a href="#/Bild:LailaAjani.png" class="image"><img alt="LailaAjani.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/7/76/LailaAjani.png" decoding="async" class="whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/76/LailaAjani.png/300px-LailaAjani.png" data-width="460" data-height="460" id="c6555346254177965b507f6ce710bbee"><div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/7\/76\/LailaAjani.png","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/76\/LailaAjani.png\/300px-LailaAjani.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":460,"bigWidth":300,"bigHeight":300,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="expert_desc">Fitness Trainer und Gründer des Push Personal Fitness Centers, ausgezeichnet von der National Strength & Conditioning Association, USA, spezialisiert auf Krafttraining und Korrekturtraining.</div> </div> <div> <div class="expert_category">MUSIK</div> <div class="expert_name">Patrick Muñoz</div> <div class="expert_title">Stimm- und Sprach Coach</div> <div class="mwimg tcenter floatcenter " style="max-width:300px"><a href="#/Bild:PatrickMunoz.png" class="image"><img alt="PatrickMunoz.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/d/d5/PatrickMunoz.png" decoding="async" class="whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/d/d5/PatrickMunoz.png/300px-PatrickMunoz.png" data-width="460" data-height="460" id="47d4dbdd6a80a37e78862b55c42a7d89"><div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/d\/d5\/PatrickMunoz.png","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d5\/PatrickMunoz.png\/300px-PatrickMunoz.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":460,"bigWidth":300,"bigHeight":300,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="expert_desc">International bekannter Coach der mit Leuten wie Penelope Cruz, Eva Longoria und Roselyn Sanchez arbeitete. Stimm- und Sprachcoach für Disney und klassische Turner Filme und Mitglied der Stimm- und Sprachtrainer Association.</div> </div> <div> <div class="expert_category">SCHREIBEN</div> <div class="expert_name">Grant Faulkner, <span>MA</span> </div> <div class="expert_title">Geschäftsführer von NaNoWriMo</div> <div class="mwimg tcenter floatcenter " style="max-width:300px"><a href="#/Bild:GrantFaulkner.png" class="image"><img alt="GrantFaulkner.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/7/79/GrantFaulkner.png" decoding="async" class="whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/79/GrantFaulkner.png/300px-GrantFaulkner.png" data-width="460" data-height="460" id="a5cf255b30dc1dc910e54806c92a5a81"><div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/7\/79\/GrantFaulkner.png","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/79\/GrantFaulkner.png\/300px-GrantFaulkner.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":460,"bigWidth":300,"bigHeight":300,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="expert_desc">Geschäftsführer der National Novel Writing Month und Mitbegründer von 100 Word Story, eine Literaturzeitschrift sowie Co-Moderator des Podcasts Schreiborientiert. Hat einen M.A. in Kreativem Schreiben von der SFSU.</div> </div> <div> <div class="expert_category">DIY</div> <div class="expert_name">Joy Cho</div> <div class="expert_title">Gründer und Kreativer Direktor</div> <div class="mwimg tcenter floatcenter " style="max-width:300px"><a href="#/Bild:JoyCho.png" class="image"><img alt="JoyCho.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/5/5a/JoyCho.png" decoding="async" class="whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/5/5a/JoyCho.png/300px-JoyCho.png" data-width="460" data-height="460" id="dd88f31b7572b2e862c7e5c1cb6b5130"><div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/5\/5a\/JoyCho.png","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/5a\/JoyCho.png\/300px-JoyCho.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":460,"bigWidth":300,"bigHeight":300,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> <div class="expert_desc">Gründer und Kreativer Direktor des Lifestyle Brands und Design Studios "Oh Joy". Verfasser von drei Büchern und Berater für kreative Unternehmen weltweit. Er gehört zu den 30 einflussreichsten Personen dieser Zeit im Internet.</div> </div> </div> <p class="featured_experts_more"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://de.wikihow.com/Special:ArticleReviewers">Triff mehr von wikiHows über 1600 Experten >></a></p> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="section steps sticky"> <div class="headline_container block_header in-block subheadline"><div class="headline_info"> <span id="Wer-sind-die-Partner-von-wikiHow?"></span><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Wer-sind-die-Partner-von-wikiHow.3F">Wer sind die Partner von wikiHow?</span></h3> </div></div> <div id="vorgehensweise_3" class="section_text"> <ul><li class="hasimg"> <div style="float: left;margin-top: 8px;"><div class="mwimg t floatright " style="max-width:65px"><img alt="Unlogonew.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/7f/Unlogonew.png/65px-Unlogonew.png" decoding="async" class="about_img whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/7/7f/Unlogonew.png/65px-Unlogonew.png" data-width="460" data-height="460"></div></div> <div style="padding-left: 80px;">wikiHow ist stolzer Partner der Stiftung der Vereinten Nationen. Diese Stiftung entwickelt Lösungen für positive Veränderungen als Reaktion auf einige der größten Probleme der Menschheit. Die UN-Stiftung arbeitet mit wikiHow zusammen, um ihre Leser darüber zu informieren.</div> <br class="clearall"><div style="float: left;margin-top: 8px;"><div class="mwimg t floatright " style="max-width:65px"><img alt="Amazonlogosmall.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/83/Amazonlogosmall.png/65px-Amazonlogosmall.png" decoding="async" class="about_img whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/8/83/Amazonlogosmall.png/65px-Amazonlogosmall.png" data-width="460" data-height="354"></div></div> <div style="padding-left: 80px;">wikiHow ist <b>stolzer Partner von Amazon</b>. Für den Zugang zu zehntausenden von wikiHow Artikeln frag einfach Alexa nach <b>Anweisungen und Tipps von A-Z</b> </div> <br class="clearall"><div style="float: left;margin-top: 8px;"><div class="mwimg t floatright " style="max-width:65px"><img alt="Mhasmall.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/b1/Mhasmall.png/65px-Mhasmall.png" decoding="async" class="about_img whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/b1/Mhasmall.png/65px-Mhasmall.png" data-width="460" data-height="460"></div></div> <div style="padding-left: 80px;">wikiHow ist ein <b>stolzer Partner von Mental Health America</b>. Mental Health America ist eine führende gemeinnützige Organisation, die sich für Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen einsetzt und wikiHow-Lesern hilft, ihre eigene psychische Gesundheit einzuschätzen.</div> <br class="clearall"><div style="float: left;margin-top: 8px;"><div class="mwimg t floatright " style="max-width:65px"><img alt="Ctlsmall.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/0/0f/Ctlsmall.png/65px-Ctlsmall.png" decoding="async" class="about_img whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/0/0f/Ctlsmall.png/65px-Ctlsmall.png" data-width="460" data-height="460"></div></div> <div style="padding-left: 80px;">wikiHow ist ein <b>stolzer Partner von Crisis Text Line</b>. Crisis Text Line bietet kostenlose Krisenunterstützung rund um die Uhr per Text und arbeitet mit wikiHow zusammen, um Lesern in schwierigen Zeiten vertrauenswürdige Ressourcen zur Verfügung zu stellen.</div> <br class="clearall"><div style="float: left;"><div class="mwimg t floatright " style="max-width:65px"><img alt="Direct relief logo 130px transparent.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/c/c1/Direct-relief-logo-130px-transparent.png/65px-Direct-relief-logo-130px-transparent.png" decoding="async" class="about_img whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/c/c1/Direct-relief-logo-130px-transparent.png/65px-Direct-relief-logo-130px-transparent.png" data-width="460" data-height="460"></div></div> <div style="padding-left: 80px;">wikiHow ist ein <b>stolzer Partner von Direct Relief</b>. Direct Relief ist eine preisgekrönte Organisation für humanitäre Hilfe, die mit wikiHow zusammenarbeitet, um kritische Gesundheits- und Sicherheitsinhalte zu überprüfen.</div> <br class="clearall"><div style="float: left;"><div class="mwimg t floatright " style="max-width:65px"><img alt="Fblogopadding.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/3/35/Fblogopadding.png" decoding="async" class="about_img whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/3/35/Fblogopadding.png" data-width="460" data-height="446"></div></div> <div style="padding-left: 80px;">wikiHow ist ein <b>stolzer Partner von Facebook Free Basics</b>. Über 100 Millionen Menschen in Entwicklungsländern haben seit 2014 von den kostenlosen Bildungsinhalten von wikiHow profitiert.</div> <br class="clearall"><div style="float: left;"><div class="mwimg t floatright " style="max-width:65px"><img alt="Newsela small padded logo.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images/1/1c/Newsela-small-padded-logo.png" decoding="async" class="about_img whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/1/1c/Newsela-small-padded-logo.png" data-width="460" data-height="552"></div></div> <div style="padding-left: 80px;">wikiHow ist ein <b>stolzer Partner von Newsela</b>. Newsela formuliert Lehr- und Bildungsinhalte von wikiHow neu und liefert sie auf ansprechende und relevante Weise an Schüler aller Altersgruppen und Lesestufen.</div> <br><div style="float: left;margin-top: 8px;"><div class="mwimg t floatright " style="max-width:64px"><a href="#/Bild:Vote_128.png" class="image"><img alt="Vote_128.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/4/46/Vote_128.png" decoding="async" class="whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/46/Vote_128.png/64px-Vote_128.png" data-width="460" data-height="460" id="abe77c50a181aadfab754f1ef45eb893"><div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/4\/46\/Vote_128.png","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/46\/Vote_128.png\/64px-Vote_128.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":460,"bigWidth":64,"bigHeight":64,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div></div> <div style="padding-left: 80px;">wikiHow hat <b>Vote.org</b> als Partner gewinnen können, um Videos und Anleitungen zu Wählprozessen zu kreieren wie z.B. wie man sich für eine Wahl registriert und bei Wahlen in den USA teilnimmt.</div> <br class="clearall"><div style="float: left;margin-top: 8px;"><div class="mwimg t floatright " style="max-width:64px"><a href="#/Bild:Water_128.png" class="image"><img alt="Water_128.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/5/55/Water_128.png" decoding="async" class="whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/5/55/Water_128.png/64px-Water_128.png" data-width="460" data-height="460" id="8655c5c33a883afa58aa48eaaabeb8fa"><div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/5\/55\/Water_128.png","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/55\/Water_128.png\/64px-Water_128.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":460,"bigWidth":64,"bigHeight":64,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div></div> <div style="padding-left: 80px;">wikiHow ist Partner von <b>Water.org</b> um über deren Aktivitäten betreffend gerechtem Zugang zu sauberem Wasser zu informieren.</div> <br class="clearall"><div style="float: left;margin-top: 8px;"><div class="mwimg t floatright " style="max-width:64px"><a href="#/Bild:TFI_128.png" class="image"><img alt="TFI_128.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/1/15/TFI_128.png" decoding="async" class="whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/1/15/TFI_128.png/64px-TFI_128.png" data-width="460" data-height="460" id="0fc6f6ec605a523c907dd93eaba1f222"><div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/1\/15\/TFI_128.png","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/15\/TFI_128.png\/64px-TFI_128.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":460,"bigWidth":64,"bigHeight":64,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div></div> <div style="padding-left: 80px;">wikiHow ist Partner von „<b>Teach For India</b>“ um in Indien Ausbildungsplätze für Lehrer und Pädagogen zur Verfügung zu stellen.</div> <br class="clearall"> </li></ul> <p><br> </p> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="section steps sticky"> <div class="headline_container block_header in-block subheadline"><div class="headline_info"> <span id="Wie-seriös-sind-wir-mit-unserer-Mission?"></span><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Wie-seri.C3.B6s-sind-wir-mit-unserer-Mission.3F">Wie seriös sind wir mit unserer Mission?</span></h3> </div></div> <div id="vorgehensweise_4" class="section_text"> <ul> <li class="hasimg"><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Bild:About-1.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:37.608695652174%"> <img alt="About 1.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/40/About-1.jpg/728px-About-1.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="173" id="e83404a5a3edc5cbdc8ff0b73fb0bce3" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/4/40/About-1.jpg/460px-About-1.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('e83404a5a3edc5cbdc8ff0b73fb0bce3')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="About 1.jpg" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/4/40/About-1.jpg/460px-About-1.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/4/40/About-1.jpg/728px-About-1.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="173" id="e83404a5a3edc5cbdc8ff0b73fb0bce3"></noscript> <div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/4\/40\/About-1.jpg\/460px-About-1.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/40\/About-1.jpg\/728px-About-1.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":173,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":273,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div></li> <li> <b>wikiHow is universal.</b> Uns gibt es in 18 Sprachen, inklusive: <a href="https://ar.wikihow.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:الصفحة الرئيسية">Arabic</a>, <a href="https://zh.wikihow.com/%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="extiw" title="zh:首页">Chinese</a>, <a href="https://www.wikihow.cz/Hlavn%C3%AD-strana" class="extiw" title="cs:Hlavní strana">Czech</a>, <a href="https://nl.wikihow.com/Hoofdpagina" class="extiw" title="nl:Hoofdpagina">Dutch</a>, English, <a href="https://fr.wikihow.com/Accueil" class="extiw" title="fr:Accueil">French</a>, <a href="https://de.wikihow.com/Hauptseite" class="extiw" title="de:Hauptseite">German</a>, <a href="https://hi.wikihow.com/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" class="extiw" title="hi:मुखपृष्ठ">Hindi</a>, <a href="https://id.wikihow.com/Halaman-Utama" class="extiw" title="id:Halaman Utama">Indonesian</a>, <a href="https://www.wikihow.it/Pagina-principale" class="extiw" title="it:Pagina principale">Italian</a>, <a href="https://www.wikihow.jp/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8" class="extiw" title="ja:メインページ">Japanese</a>, <a href="https://ko.wikihow.com//%EB%8C%80%EB%AC%B8" class="extiw" title="ko:/대문">Korean</a>, <a href="https://pt.wikihow.com/P%C3%A1gina-principal" class="extiw" title="pt:Página principal">Portuguese</a>, <a href="https://ru.wikihow.com/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F-%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Заглавная страница">Russian</a>, <a href="https://es.wikihow.com/Portada" class="extiw" title="es:Portada">Spanish</a>, <a href="https://th.wikihow.com/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" class="extiw" title="th:หน้าหลัก">Thai</a>, <a href="https://www.wikihow.vn/Trang-Ch%C3%ADnh" class="extiw" title="vi:Trang Chính">Vietnamese</a>, und <a href="https://www.wikihow.com.tr/Ana-Sayfa" class="extiw" title="tr:Ana Sayfa">Turkish</a>. Weitere Sprachen <a href="https://www.wikihow.com/wikiHow:Language-Projects" class="extiw" title="en:wikiHow:Language Projects">sind in Vorbereitungs</a>.</li> <li> <b>wikiHow ist hilfreich.</b> so hilfreich, dass Facebook und dutzende Mobilfunkanbieter uns als <a href="https://www.wikihow.com/wikiHow:Free-Basics" class="extiw" title="en:wikiHow:Free Basics">kostenlosen Auskunftsdienst</a> in 42 Ländern angibt. In diesen Ländern kann wikiHow ohne Datenkosten genutzt werden.<br><br> </li> </ul> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="section steps sticky"> <div class="headline_container block_header in-block subheadline"><div class="headline_info"> <span id="Was-passiert,-wenn-du-versuchst-allen-zu-helfen?"></span><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Was-passiert.2C-wenn-du-versuchst-allen-zu-helfen.3F">Was passiert, wenn du versuchst allen zu helfen?</span></h3> </div></div> <div id="vorgehensweise_5" class="section_text"> <ul> <li class="hasimg"><div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Bild:About-2.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:37.608695652174%"> <img alt="About 2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/5/5c/About-2.jpg/728px-About-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="173" id="1d6ed14d1b5ddd519181fb8c331e1d21" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/5/5c/About-2.jpg/460px-About-2.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('1d6ed14d1b5ddd519181fb8c331e1d21')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="About 2.jpg" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/5/5c/About-2.jpg/460px-About-2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/5/5c/About-2.jpg/728px-About-2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="173" id="1d6ed14d1b5ddd519181fb8c331e1d21"></noscript> <div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/5\/5c\/About-2.jpg\/460px-About-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/5c\/About-2.jpg\/728px-About-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":173,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":273,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div></li> <li> <b> wikiHow ist die weltweit führende Anleitungs-Webseite. </b> Comscore zählt wikiHow zu den 150 meistbesuchten Herausgeber der Welt.</li> <li> <b> wikiHow ist eine preisgekrönte Webseite. </b> Wir haben mehrere Auszeichnungen erhalten, darunter einen Webby Award für Community und den Co-Creation Award im Open Innovation-Wettbewerb von The Guardian und Nesta. Wir wurden auch positiv zitiert in: New York Times, BBC, CNN, PBS, NPR, ABC, CBS, Fox, Forbes, Times of India, CBC, The Guardian, USA Today, The New Zealand Herald und mehr .</li> <li> <b> wikiHow wird auch in der Popkultur häufig verwendet. </b> Ebenso ist es auch Teil von Filmen und Serien wie: <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GRclI6pmq3Y">The Big Bang Theory</a>, Modern Family, Parenthood und Der Identitätsdieb (Film). Auch Prominente wie Miley Cyrus, Jennifer Garner (in der Tonight Show mit Jimmy Fallon) und Chrissy Teigen zeigen, wie sie wikiHow verwenden.</li> <li> <b> wikiHow verändert Leben. </b> Mindestens 4 Babys wurden in einer Notsituation mithilfe eines wikiHow-Artikels geboren. Hat wikiHow dein Leben beeinflusst? <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="mailto:stories@wikihow.com">Erzähl uns!</a> <br> <br> </li> </ul> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="section steps sticky"> <div class="headline_container block_header in-block subheadline"><div class="headline_info"> <span id='Forbes-wählte-wikiHow-im-Jahre-2019-als-"Kleinen-Giganten"'></span><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Forbes-w.C3.A4hlte-wikiHow-im-Jahre-2019-als-.22Kleinen-Giganten.22">Forbes wählte wikiHow im Jahre 2019 als "Kleinen Giganten"</span></h3> </div></div> <div id="vorgehensweise_6" class="section_text"> <ul><li class="hasimg"><div><div style="display: inline-block; padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: inline-block; width: 150px; float:left; margin-right: 16px;"><div class="mwimg t floatright " style="max-width:150px"><a href="#/Bild:Small_Giants_2019_150px.png" class="image"><img alt="Small_Giants_2019_150px.png" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/a/af/Small_Giants_2019_150px.png" decoding="async" class="whcdn" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/a/af/Small_Giants_2019_150px.png/150px-Small_Giants_2019_150px.png" data-width="460" data-height="368" id="fea37d2cd6de488887af6322e2aabfba"><div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/a\/af\/Small_Giants_2019_150px.png","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/af\/Small_Giants_2019_150px.png\/150px-Small_Giants_2019_150px.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":368,"bigWidth":150,"bigHeight":120,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div></div> <p>wikiHow arbeitet mit einem kleinen, aber professionellen Team zusammen, um weltweit viel zu erreichen. Wir fühlen uns geehrt, als Forbes "Small Giant" ausgewählt worden zu sein, weil wir uns für Größe anstatt Wachstum und Menschen anstatt Profit einsetzen. <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/susanadams/2019/04/30/forbes-small-giants-the-best-small-companies-of-2019/">Lesen Sie mehr</a> über die wikiHows Reise, damit allen auf unserem Planeten geholfen wird.</p> </div></div></li></ul> <p><br> </p> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="section steps sticky"> <div class="headline_container block_header in-block subheadline"><div class="headline_info"> <span id="Wie-entstand-wikiHow?"></span><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Wie-entstand-wikiHow.3F">Wie entstand wikiHow?</span></h3> </div></div> <div id="vorgehensweise_7" class="section_text"> <ul><li class="hasimg"> <div class="mwimg largeimage underwidth floatcenter " style="max-width:670px"><a href="#/Bild:Team.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:37.608695652174%"> <img alt="Team.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/b8/Team.jpg/670px-Team.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="173" id="15f1728aaac6add3b22759cbf01cda72" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/b/b8/Team.jpg/460px-Team.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('15f1728aaac6add3b22759cbf01cda72')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="Team.jpg" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/b/b8/Team.jpg/460px-Team.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/b8/Team.jpg/670px-Team.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="173" id="15f1728aaac6add3b22759cbf01cda72"></noscript> <div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/b\/b8\/Team.jpg\/460px-Team.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/b8\/Team.jpg\/670px-Team.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":173,"bigWidth":670,"bigHeight":252,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> Jack Herrick gründete im Jahr 2005, angetrieben von derselben Bildungsmission, die die Seite heute leitet. Um sicherzustellen, dass das Unternehmen diese Mission langfristig erfüllt, lehnte Jack Risikokapitalfinanzierung und die Möglichkeit ab, das Unternehmen an größere börsennotierte Unternehmen zu verkaufen. wikiHow bleibt eine hybride Organisation, ein gewinnorientiertes Unternehmen, das sich auf eine sozial positive Mission konzentriert. wikiHow hat seinen Hauptsitz in Palo Alto, Kalifornien, mit weiteren Büros in aller Welt. <br> <br> </li></ul> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="section steps sticky"> <div class="headline_container block_header in-block subheadline"><div class="headline_info"> <span id="Was-sind-die-Werte-von-wikiHow?"></span><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Was-sind-die-Werte-von-wikiHow.3F">Was sind die Werte von wikiHow?</span></h3> </div></div> <div id="vorgehensweise_8" class="section_text"> <ul> <li class="hasimg"> <div class="mwimg largeimage floatcenter " style="max-width:728px"><a href="#/Bild:World_image_thin_2.jpg" class="image"><div class="content-spacer" style="padding-top:41.739130434783%"> <img alt="World_image_thin_2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/b0/World_image_thin_2.jpg/728px-World_image_thin_2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="192" id="7da9db12a2689f9cbf445fc73e5ae58b" data-src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/b/b0/World_image_thin_2.jpg/460px-World_image_thin_2.jpg"><script>WH.shared.addScrollLoadItem('7da9db12a2689f9cbf445fc73e5ae58b')</script> </div> <noscript><img alt="World_image_thin_2.jpg" src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/b/b0/World_image_thin_2.jpg/460px-World_image_thin_2.jpg" decoding="async" class="whcdn content-fill" data-srclarge="https://www.wikihow.com/images/thumb/b/b0/World_image_thin_2.jpg/728px-World_image_thin_2.jpg" data-width="460" data-height="192" id="7da9db12a2689f9cbf445fc73e5ae58b"></noscript> <div class="image_details" style="display:none;"><span style="display:none;">{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/b\/b0\/World_image_thin_2.jpg\/460px-World_image_thin_2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/b0\/World_image_thin_2.jpg\/728px-World_image_thin_2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":192,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":304,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}</span></div></a></div> wikiHows Kern<a href="/wikiHow:Mission" title="wikiHow:Mission">mission</a> besteht darin, jeden Menschen auf dem Planeten zu fördern und allen zu zeigen, wie etwas getan werden muss oder kann. Wir wollen den Menschen in erster Linie beim Lernen helfen. Die anderen Werte von wikiHow zeigen, wie wir diese Mission verfolgen:</li> <li> <b>Wir sind offen und teilen gerne.</b> Wir ermutigen jeden, zu unseren Anleitungen beizutragen. Wir verwenden für unsere Artikel eine Creative Commons-Lizenz, um andere zu ermutigen, sie zu teilen. Wir entwickeln auf Open Source-Software, die wir unter der GPL-Lizenz frei teilen.</li> <li> <b>Wir bemühen uns sicherzustellen, dass unsere Auswirkung auf die Welt eine positive ist</b>. Zu diesem Zweck sind wir ein wikiHow:CO2-neutrales Unternehmen.</li> <li> <b>Wir möchten Menschen sowohl offline als auch online helfen.</b> Wir unterstützen verschiedene <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wikihow.com/Experts#nonprofit%20organizations">gemeinnützige Partner</a> bei der Aufgabe, unsere Bildungsmission voranzutreiben. <br> <br> </li> </ul> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section mehrüberwikihow sticky"> <div class="headline_container "><div class="headline_info"> <span id="Mehr-über-wikiHow"></span><h2 class="section-heading" onclick="javascript:mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element indicator"></div> <span class="mw-headline" id="Mehr-.C3.BCber-wikiHow">Mehr über wikiHow</span> </h2> </div></div> <div id="mehrüberwikihow" class="section_text"> <ul> <li><a href="/wikiHow:Mission" title="wikiHow:Mission">wikiHow’s Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wikiHow:Delivering-a-Trustworthy-Experience" class="mw-redirect" title="wikiHow:Delivering a Trustworthy Experience">Why people trust wikiHow</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/wikiHow/timelines/672182923873783809">What people on Twitter are saying about wikiHow</a></li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/a/wikihow.com/folderview?id=0B2mMwngN_OW2NU1zMEdWUmtraXM&usp=sharing#">Downloadable wikiHow Logos</a><br> </li> </ul> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> </div> <div class="section kontaktiereuns sticky"> <div class="headline_container "><div class="headline_info"><h2 class="section-heading" onclick="javascript:mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <div class="mw-ui-icon mw-ui-icon-element indicator"></div> <span class="mw-headline" id="Kontaktiere-uns">Kontaktiere uns</span> </h2></div></div> <div id="kontaktiereuns" class="section_text"> <div class="contactwikihow"> <div> <div class="cw-head">Hilfe und FAQ's</div> <div class="cw-body"> <ul><li>E-mail <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="mailto:intlsupport@wikihow.com">intlsupport@wikihow.com</a> <ul> <li>+1-888-338-6485</li> <li>Für Werbung kontaktiere: <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="mailto:ads@wikiHow.com">ads@wikiHow.com</a> </li> </ul> </li></ul> </div> </div> <div> <div class="cw-head">Postadresse</div> <div class="cw-body"> <p>wikiHow, Inc.<br> 530 Lytton Avenue, 2nd Floor<br> Palo Alto, CA 94301 </p> </div> </div> <div> <div class="cw-head">Pressefragen</div> <div class="cw-body"> <ul><li>E-mail <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="mailto:media@wikiHow.com">media@wikiHow.com</a> <ul><li>+1-888-338-6485</li></ul> </li></ul> </div> </div> <div> <div class="cw-head">Kontaktadresse</div> <div class="cw-body"> <ul><li>Bitte kontaktiere <a href="/Benutzer_Diskussion:Ticamoni" title="Benutzer_Diskussion:Ticamoni">Monica</a> <ul><li>E-mail <a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="mailto:dewikihow@gmail.com">dewikihow@gmail.com</a> </li></ul> </li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <p><br> </p> <div class="clearall"></div> </div> </div> <div class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="printfooter"> </div> </div></div><div id="sidebar"><div id="cookie_notice" class="sidebox notice_bgcolor"><a href="#" id="cookie_notice_x"></a>Cookies machen wikiHow besser. Wenn du unsere Seite weiter nutzt, akzeptierst du unsere <a href="/wikiHow:Cookie-Policy" target="_blank">Cookie Regeln</a>.</div><div id="side_featured_articles" class="sidebox "> <h3><span onclick="location='/Kategorie:Gelungene-Artikel';" style="cursor:pointer;">Gelungene Artikel</span></h3> <div class='thumbnail' style='width:126px; height:120px;'> <a href='/Bin-ich-homosexuell-Quiz'> <img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/e/ed/Formal_dance.jpg/-crop-126-120-126px-Formal_dance.jpg" alt="Bin ich homosexuell Quiz"/> <div class='text'> <p> <span>Bin ich homosexuell? - Test</span> </p> </div> </a> </div><div class='thumbnail' style='width:126px; height:120px;'> <a href='/Bin-ich-lesbisch-Quiz'> <img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/a/a5/Smiling_hug.jpg/-crop-126-120-126px-Smiling_hug.jpg" alt="Bin ich lesbisch Quiz"/> <div class='text'> <p> <span>Bin ich lesbisch? - Test</span> </p> </div> </a> </div><div class='thumbnail' style='width:126px; height:120px;'> <a href='/Geistiges-Alter-Quiz'> <img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/d/d0/Mental_age_test.png/-crop-126-120-126px-Mental_age_test.png" alt="Geistiges Alter Quiz"/> <div class='text'> <p> <span>Was ist mein geistiges Alter? - Test</span> </p> </div> </a> </div><div class='thumbnail' style='width:126px; height:120px;'> <a href='/Mag-er-mich-Quiz'> <img src="https://www.wikihow.com/images_en/thumb/7/76/Canva-love-me-love-me-not.jpg/-crop-126-120-126px-Canva-love-me-love-me-not.jpg" alt="Mag er mich Quiz"/> <div class='text'> <p> <span>Mag er mich? - Test</span> </p> </div> </a> </div><div class='clearall'></div> </div></div><br class="clearall"></div><br class="clearall"> <div id="fb-root" ></div> <div id="footer" role="navigation"> <div id="footer_inner"> <a href='/Hauptseite' id="footer_logo"> <img src='/skins/owl/images/wikihow_logo_intl.png' width='162' height='42' alt='wikiHow' /> </a> <div id="footer_crumbs"> <ul class="breadcrumbs"> </ul> </div> <div id="footer_top_divider" class="footer_divider"></div> <div id="footer_vertical_divider"></div> <div id="search_footer" class="wh_search " role="search"> <div class="cse_x" role="button"></div> <form action="/wikiHowTo" id="cse-search-box-bottom"> <div> <input type="text" class="cse_q search_box" id='search_field_bottom' name="search" value="" placeholder="Suche...." x-webkit-speech aria-label="Suchen" /> <input type="submit" value="" class="cse_sa" alt="" name="Search"/> </div> </form> </div> <!--end search--> <div id="footer_links"> <ul> <li><a href="/Hauptseite" title="Hauptseite">Hauptseite</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Über wikiHow</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://de.wikihow.com/Experten">Experten</a></li> <li><a href="/wikiHow:Impressum" title="wikiHow:Impressum">Impressum</a></li> <li><a href="/Spezial:Sitemap" title="Spezial:Sitemap">Sitemap</a></li> <li><a href="/wikiHow:Richtlinien" title="wikiHow:Richtlinien">Nutzungsbedingungen (Englisch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wikiHow:Datenschutz-Bestimmungen" title="wikiHow:Datenschutz Bestimmungen">Datenschutz Bestimmungen</a></li> <li><a id="footer_ccpa" href="#">Do Not <span class="ccpa_footer_extra">Sell or </span>Share My Info</a></li> <li><a id="footer_ccpa_optout" href="#">Not Selling Info</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="sf"> <div> <p>Folge uns</p> <a id="sf_ig" class="sf_icon" href="https://www.instagram.com/wikihow.deutsch/" target="_blank" title="Instagram"></a><a id="sf_fb" class="sf_icon" href="https://www.facebook.com/wikiHow.de/" target="_blank" title="Facebook"></a><a id="sf_tt" class="sf_icon" href="https://x.com/WikihowD" target="_blank" title="Twitter"></a><a id="sf_yt" class="sf_icon" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/WikiHow" target="_blank" title="YouTube"></a><a id="sf_nl" class="sf_icon" href="https://mailchi.mp/3092cf9a6d79/deutsches-wikihow" target="_blank" title="Newsletter"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id='sliderbox' class="newsletter email_icon green default" data-color="green"> <div id='slider_container'> <button id='slider_close_button' on="tap:sliderbox.hide">×</button> <div class='slider_content'> <p id='slider_small_headline'>Registriere dich für den wöchentlichen</p> <p id='slider_big_headline'>wikiHow Newsletter.</p> <a id="slider_button" class='button slider_button email_submit' rel="nofollow" data-event_type="newsletter" href="https://mailchi.mp/3092cf9a6d79/deutsches-wikihow" target="_blank">Registrieren</a> </div> </div> </div> <script>if (window.document.documentMode) {document.getElementById('sliderbox').parentNode.removeChild(document.getElementById('sliderbox'));}</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wikihow.com/extensions/min/f/_ads/gads.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.wikihow.com/x/zscsucgm?"></script> <script> window.WH = window.WH || {}; WH.hasAdBlockers = ( window._ads !== 2 ); </script> <div class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pswp__bg"></div> <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap"> <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div> <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar"> <div class="pswp__method_high"></div> <div class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></div> <div class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></div> <div class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></div> <div class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></div> <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"> <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> </div> <div class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)"> </div> <div class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)"> </div> <div class="pswp__caption"> <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div> <div class="pswp__caption__info"></div> </div> <div class="pswp__method"></div> <div class="pswp__counter"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='maticons_for_googlefc'>-</div><div class='opensans_for_googlefc'>-</div><img width='1' height='0' id='comscore_px' src='https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=8003466&cv=3.9.1&cj=1'></div></div><div id="servedtime" data-app="app31" style="display:none">410</div><script async="" src="/load.php?debug=false&lang=de&modules=startup&only=scripts&siterev=Z8S6V&skin=wh&target=mobile"></script> <noscript> <style> .mwimg a.image{display:none}#header_logo{display:none}#cse-search-box{display:none}#cse-search-box-noscript{display:block !important}#cse-search-box-noscript .cse_q{color:#FFF;background-color:#B3CE9C}.wh_search .cse_q{width:88%}#mw-mf-main-menu-button{display:none;visibility:hidden}.header .search{display:none}#search_footer .cse_sa{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/white_mag.png);background-size:22px}.related_box{display:block;background:#EEE;border:5px solid #FFF;vertical-align:bottom;width:127px;background-size:180px;float:left;height:120px;position:relative}.related_box p{line-height:15px !important;font-size:13px;background-color:rgba(67,95,44,.4);color:#FFF;font-weight:bold;padding:8px;margin:0 !important;position:absolute;bottom:0}#noscript_header_logo{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;background-position:50% 77%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/wikihow_logo_230.png);background-size:105px;width:auto;height:51px;padding:0 14px}.articleinfo{display:none}#iorg_free_data{z-index:50;width:100%;position:fixed}#ara_recommendations{display:none}</style> </noscript><script> var whef="lG3eRfqrKq/qdaQiArdZY"; </script> <script>(window.RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.038","walltime":"0.065","ppvisitednodes":{"value":140,"limit":1000000},"ppgeneratednodes":{"value":252,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":786,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":2,"limit":40},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":100},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2.085 1 Vorlage:Contact-wikiHow","100.00% 2.085 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"timestamp":"20241125172213","ttl":86400,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script>(window.RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgBackendResponseTime":411});});</script></body></html>