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<li id="toc-Ottoman_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ottoman era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Umm_al-Amed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Umm_al-Amed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Umm al-Amed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Umm_al-Amed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waldheim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waldheim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Waldheim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waldheim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Mandate_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Mandate_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>British Mandate era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Mandate_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Umm_el_Amad_and_Waldheim_1918–1931" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Umm_el_Amad_and_Waldheim_1918–1931"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Umm el Amad and Waldheim 1918–1931</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Umm_el_Amad_and_Waldheim_1918–1931-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waldheim_Germans_1932–1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waldheim_Germans_1932–1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Waldheim Germans 1932–1945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waldheim_Germans_1932–1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Umm_el_Amad_and_Waldheim_in_1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Umm_el_Amad_and_Waldheim_in_1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Umm el Amad and Waldheim in 1945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Umm_el_Amad_and_Waldheim_in_1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_years_of_Waldheim,_1945–48" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_years_of_Waldheim,_1945–48"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Final years of Waldheim, 1945–48</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_years_of_Waldheim,_1945–48-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alonei_Abba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alonei_Abba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Alonei Abba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alonei_Abba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alonei_Abba_nature_reserve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alonei_Abba_nature_reserve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alonei Abba nature reserve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alonei_Abba_nature_reserve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notable residents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%AF_(%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7)" title="أم العمد (حيفا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أم العمد (حيفا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alonej_Abba" title="Alonej Abba – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alonej Abba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alonei_Abba" title="Alonei Abba – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alonei Abba" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90" title="אלוני אבא – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלוני אבא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%AF_(%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%89_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%83_%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84)" title="ام العمد (بلده فى مجلس اقليمى عمك يزرعئيل) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ام العمد (بلده فى مجلس اقليمى عمك يزرعئيل)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alonei_Abba" title="Alonei Abba – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alonei Abba" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allone_Abba" title="Allone Abba – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Allone Abba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9-%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Алоней-Абба – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Алоней-Абба" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allone_Abba" title="Allone Abba – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Allone Abba" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Alonei_Abba&params=32_43_46_N_35_10_18_E_type:city(990)_region:IL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°43′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°10′18″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.72944°N 35.17167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.72944; 35.17167</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place in Northern, Israel</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Alonei Abba</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span style="font-family: Narkisim, David, 'SBL Hebrew', serif"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">אַלּוֹנֵי אַבָּא</span>‎</span></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • official</th><td class="infobox-data">Allone Abba</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90.jpg/250px-%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90.jpg/375px-%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90.jpg/500px-%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%90.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4941" data-file-height="3277" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_outline_jezreel.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Alonei Abba is located in Jezreel Valley region of Israel"><img alt="Alonei Abba is located in Jezreel Valley region of Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Israel_outline_jezreel.png/250px-Israel_outline_jezreel.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Israel_outline_jezreel.png/375px-Israel_outline_jezreel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Israel_outline_jezreel.png/500px-Israel_outline_jezreel.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="366" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:21.053%;left:51.025%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Alonei Abba"><img alt="Alonei Abba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Alonei Abba</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Alonei_Abba&params=32_43_46_N_35_10_18_E_type:city(990)_region:IL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°43′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°10′18″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.72944°N 35.17167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.72944; 35.17167</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Grid position</th><td class="infobox-data">166/237 <a href="/wiki/Palestine_grid" title="Palestine grid">PAL</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Israel</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Israel" title="Districts of Israel">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(Israel)" title="Regional council (Israel)">Council</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley_Regional_Council" title="Jezreel Valley Regional Council">Jezreel Valley</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Galilee" title="Lower Galilee">Lower Galilee</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Settlement_movement_(Israel)" title="Settlement movement (Israel)">Affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/HaOved_HaTzioni" title="HaOved HaTzioni">HaOved HaTzioni</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1948</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romanian</a> Jewish immigrants</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israelpopulations-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">990</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aloneyaba.org.il/">aloneyaba.org.il</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alonei Abba</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">אַלּוֹנֵי אַבָּא</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Abba's <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">Oaks</a>') is a <a href="/wiki/Moshav_shitufi" title="Moshav shitufi">moshav shitufi</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. Located in the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Galilee" title="Lower Galilee">Lower Galilee</a> near <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_of_Galilee" title="Bethlehem of Galilee">Bethlehem of Galilee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alonim" title="Alonim">Alonim</a>, in the hills east of <a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Tivon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiryat Tivon">Kiryat Tivon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it falls under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley_Regional_Council" title="Jezreel Valley Regional Council">Jezreel Valley Regional Council</a>. In 2022 it had a population of 990.<sup id="cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israelpopulations-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The modern village was founded in 1948 on the site of the historical Arab village of <b>Umm el Amad</b>, later the <a href="/wiki/German_Templer_Colonies_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="German Templer Colonies in Palestine">German Protestant Colony</a> of <b>Waldheim</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alonei_Abba&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archaeological investigations indicate that this was an industrial agricultural processing area in the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> periods. Among the remains found are Roman-period industrial oil press and a winepress, in addition to a paved path from the same era.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_era">Ottoman era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alonei_Abba&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ottoman era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Umm_al-Amed">Umm al-Amed</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alonei_Abba&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Umm al-Amed"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Umm al-'Amad</i> was mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> <a href="/wiki/Defter" title="Defter">defter</a> for the year 1555–6, as <i>Mezraa</i> land, (that is, cultivated land), located in the <i><a href="/wiki/Nahiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahiya">Nahiya</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Tabariyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabariyya">Tabariyya</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Liwa_(Arabic)" title="Liwa (Arabic)">Liwa</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Safad" class="mw-redirect" title="Safad">Safad</a>. The land was designated as <a href="/wiki/Ziamet" title="Ziamet">Ziamet</a> land.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1799 it appeared as a village <b>Zebed</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Carte_de_l%27%C3%89gypte_(Description_de_l%27%C3%89gypte)" title="Carte de l'Égypte (Description de l'Égypte)">Carte de l'Égypte (Description de l'Égypte)</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Jacotin" title="Pierre Jacotin">Pierre Jacotin</a>, and in the 1880s as <b>Umm el Amed</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ام العمد</span>) on the <a href="/wiki/PEF_Survey_of_Palestine" title="PEF Survey of Palestine">PEF Survey of Palestine</a>. The 1799 Jacotin map had not surveyed the area; it was drawn based on the notes of an inhabitant of <a href="/wiki/Shefa-%CA%BBAmr" class="mw-redirect" title="Shefa-ʻAmr">Shefa-ʻAmr</a> and some parts are incorrect.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1859 the British consul Rogers stated that the population of Umm al-Amed was 100 and the tillage was ten <a href="/wiki/Feddans" class="mw-redirect" title="Feddans">feddans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SWP273_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SWP273-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1875 <a href="/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Victor Guérin">Victor Guérin</a> found Umm al-Amed situated on a small plateau, surrounded by gardens. In spite of its name Umm al-Amed, which meant "The place with the columns", Guérin could find no columns.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1881 the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Palestine Exploration Fund</a>'s <i>Survey of Western Palestine</i> described it as standing in oak-woods on a hill-top. There was an ancient rock-cut <a href="/wiki/Sepulchre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sepulchre">sepulchre</a> on the east side.<sup id="cite_ref-SWP273_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SWP273-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A population list from about 1887 showed that <i>Umm el Ahmad</i> had about 55 inhabitants; all <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Waldheim">Waldheim</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alonei_Abba&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Waldheim"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1907 the colony <b>Waldheim</b> (German: <i lang="de">"Forest Home" or "Forestville"</i>) was founded by German Protestants affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Union_of_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian Union of churches">Old-Prussian State Church</a> on land purchased from the village of Umm al-Amed. Most of the colonists came from the <a href="/wiki/German_Colony_(Haifa)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Colony (Haifa)">German Colony (Haifa)</a>, which was founded by the <a href="/wiki/Templers_(religious_believers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Templers (religious believers)">Templers</a>. In 1874, the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple Society">Temple Society</a> underwent a <a href="/wiki/Schism_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Schism (religion)">schism</a> and envoys of the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_State_Church_of_Prussia%27s_older_Provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical State Church of Prussia's older Provinces">Evangelical State Church of Prussia's older Provinces</a> successfully <a href="/wiki/Proselytise" class="mw-redirect" title="Proselytise">proselytised</a> among the schismatics. Thus the Haifa German Colony became home to two Christian <a href="/wiki/Denomination_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Denomination (Christianity)">denominations</a> and their congregations.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in Germany the Templers were regarded as sectarians, the Evangelical proselytes gained major financial and ideological support from <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">United</a> <a href="/wiki/Landeskirche" title="Landeskirche">church bodies</a>. This created an atmosphere of mistrust and envy among the German colonists in Haifa.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to population increase and the ongoing urbanisation of Haifa, they searched for land to found new monodenominational colonies. Thus the Protestants founded Waldheim, while Templers settled in the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_of_Galilee" title="Bethlehem of Galilee">Bethlehem of Galilee</a>. </p><p>The purchase price of 170,000 francs was financed by a Haifa-based bank <i>Darlehenskasse der deutschen evangelischen Gemeinde Haifa GmbH</i> and completely refinanced by the Stuttgarter Gesellschaft zur Förderung der deutschen Ansiedlungen in Palästina. The colony comprised 7,200,000 square meters (7,200 <a href="/wiki/Dunam" title="Dunam">dunams</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The settlement was inaugurated on the occasion of <a href="/wiki/Harvest_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvest Festival">Harvest Festival</a> on 6 October 1907. At this time, the new Waldheimers were still living in the simple clay huts purchased from the previous owners. The Haifa engineer Ernst August Voigt presented the plan of the streets and the 16 allotments around a central plot reserved for a church. In 1909 the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerusalemsverein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerusalemsverein (page does not exist)">Jerusalemsverein</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemsverein" class="extiw" title="de:Jerusalemsverein">de</a>]</span></i> (<i>Jerusalem Association</i>), a Berlin-based organisation supportive of Protestant activities in the Holy Land, contributed money for the development of a water supply. By 1914, the residents planted 5,000 square metres of vineyard and more than 500 olive trees.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1913 the farmers of Waldheim and Bethlehem keeping dairy cattle founded a common dairy cooperative to pasteurise milk and deliver it to Haifa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Mandate_era">British Mandate era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alonei_Abba&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: British Mandate era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Umm_el_Amad_and_Waldheim_1918–1931"><span id="Umm_el_Amad_and_Waldheim_1918.E2.80.931931"></span>Umm el Amad and Waldheim 1918–1931</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alonei_Abba&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Umm el Amad and Waldheim 1918–1931"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/1922_census_of_Palestine" title="1922 census of Palestine">1922 census of Palestine</a> conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British authorities</a>, Umm al Amad had a population of 128; 63 Christians and 65 Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-Census1922_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1922-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the Christians, 62 were <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> and one was Greek Catholic (<a href="/wiki/Melkite" title="Melkite">Melkite</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This had increased slightly in the <a href="/wiki/1931_census_of_Palestine" title="1931 census of Palestine">1931 census</a>, when Umm el Amad had a population of 231; 163 Muslim and 68 Christians, in a total of 76 inhabited houses.<sup id="cite_ref-Census1931_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1931-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Waldheim_Germans_1932–1945"><span id="Waldheim_Germans_1932.E2.80.931945"></span>Waldheim Germans 1932–1945</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alonei_Abba&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Waldheim Germans 1932–1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the residents bore German citizenship. In the course of the 1930s some Waldheimers joined the Nazi party, indicating the fading affinity to the Evangelical ideals. Until August 1939 17% of all gentile Germans in Palestine were enrolled as members of the Nazi party.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Machtergreifung" class="mw-redirect" title="Machtergreifung">Nazi takeover</a> in Germany, the new Reich government adapted foreign policy to Nazi ideals, based on the idea that Germany and Germanness were equal to <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a>. International schools of German language subsidised or fully financed with government funds were asked to redraw their educational programs and employ teachers aligned to the Nazi party. The teachers in Waldheim were financed by the Reich so that also here Nazi teachers took over. In 1933 German Gentiles living in Palestine appealed unsuccessfully to <a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Hindenburg" title="Paul von Hindenburg">Paul von Hindenburg</a> and the Foreign Office not to use Swastika symbols for German institutions. Some German Gentiles pleaded the Reich's government to drop its announced plan to <a href="/wiki/Nazi_boycott_of_Jewish_businesses" title="Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses">boycott shops of Jewish Germans</a> on 1 April 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later the opposition of Gentile Germans in Palestine acquiesced. A Palestinian branch of the <a href="/wiki/Hitler_youth" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler youth">Hitler youth</a> was built up by the help of German government subsidies. By 1935 the Nazis had succeeded to streamline the municipal bodies of the settlements of Gentile Germans in Palestine. On 20 August 1939 the German government ordered the recruitment of Gentile German men into the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a>. 350 followed the call. According to one Nahalal resident, until the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> the German community had good relationships with local members of the <a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">Yishuv</a>, sold stock to them while the Jewish farmers went there to study agricultural methods, and the Germans would bring them gifts of bread on the last day of <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the start of the war, all Germans in Palestine were classed as <a href="/wiki/Enemy_aliens" class="mw-redirect" title="Enemy aliens">enemy aliens</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British authorities</a> decided to intern most of the enemy aliens. <a href="/wiki/Sarona,_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarona, Palestine">Sarona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_of_Galilee" title="Bethlehem of Galilee">Bethlehem of Galilee</a>, Waldheim, and <a href="/wiki/Wilhelma_(village)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelma (village)">Wilhelma</a> were converted into internment camps. Most enemy aliens living elsewhere in Palestine—comprising Gentile Germans,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hungarians and Italians—were interned in one of the settlements, while the inhabitants of the settlements simply stayed where they were. In summer 1941, 665 interned Templers from all their settlements, mainly young families with children, were transported to <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> for internment. Many of the remaining Germans were either too old or too sick to leave. The internees could maintain the agricultural production to feed themselves and supply surplus to market in return for supplies not available within the camps. In 1941, 1942 and 1944, by way of internee exchanges, another 400 Evangelical and Templer internees, mostly wives and children of men who had followed the call for recruitment, were repatriated, via Turkey, to Germany for <a href="/wiki/Family_reunification" title="Family reunification">family reunification</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Umm_el_Amad_and_Waldheim_in_1945">Umm el Amad and Waldheim in 1945</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alonei_Abba&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Umm el Amad and Waldheim in 1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Village_Statistics,_1945" title="Village Statistics, 1945">1945 statistics</a>, the population of Waldheim/Um el Amad consisted of 260 people, and the total land area was 9,227 <a href="/wiki/Dunam" title="Dunam">dunams</a>, according to an official land and population survey.<sup id="cite_ref-Hadawi49_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hadawi49-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 150 Muslims and 110 Christians.<sup id="cite_ref-1945data_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1945data-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1945p15_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1945p15-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 170 dunams of land were designated for plantations and irrigable land, 4,776 for cereals,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while 102 dunams were built-up areas.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Final_years_of_Waldheim,_1945–48"><span id="Final_years_of_Waldheim.2C_1945.E2.80.9348"></span>Final years of Waldheim, 1945–48</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alonei_Abba&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Final years of Waldheim, 1945–48"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the war the <a href="/wiki/Palmach" title="Palmach">Palmach</a> staged provocative operations, with hit squads <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Gotthilf_Wagner" title="Assassination of Gotthilf Wagner"> killing several Germans</a>, two involving members of the Waldheim community (Mitscherlich and Müller),<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> against the German communities to impress upon them that they were unwelcome in Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1946 <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Shertok" class="mw-redirect" title="Moshe Shertok">Moshe Shertok</a> on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Agency">Jewish Agency</a> requested that Palestine's German colonies be liquidated, and their properties turned over to the Agency as part of reparations Germany owed the Jewish people.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Meir_Amit" title="Meir Amit">Meir Amit</a> who led the operation, a decision to take over the villages, which were considered friendly to the Arabs, was taken in March because <a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husayni" class="mw-redirect" title="Amin al-Husayni">Amin al-Husayni</a> had had contact with the Nazi government during WW2.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two Templar villages, the other being Betlehem, were under British protection, and both considered 'unreliable' by Jewish forces.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a perception that the British, who were due to evacuate Palestine in May, tended to hand over areas under their control to local Arabs, and the area was strategic because close to the main axis leading to the <a href="/wiki/Nahalal" title="Nahalal">Nahalal</a> police station.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Hagai Binyamini, the German estates were very neat, and emblematic of german order and efficiency. with housing made of stone in contrast to the sheet metal, old pipes and wiring used to build local Jewish settlements.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At 04:00 on 17 April 1948 a unit composed of three platoons of <a href="/wiki/Golani_Brigade" title="Golani Brigade">Golani</a> troopers from the Dror and Nafat Levi Battalions, drawn from members of the Nahalal, <a href="/wiki/Alonim" title="Alonim">Alonim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kfar_Yehoshua" title="Kfar Yehoshua">Kfar Yehoshua</a> <a href="/wiki/Sde_Ya%27akov" title="Sde Ya'akov">Sde Ya'akov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sha%27ar_HaAmakim" title="Sha'ar HaAmakim">Sha'ar HaAmakim</a> settlements and backed by armoured trucks mounted with machine guns. penetrated into Waldheim via the woodland. Some of the soldiers were Holocaust survivors, and many were fresh from combat at <a href="/wiki/Mishmar_HaEmek" title="Mishmar HaEmek">Mishmar HaEmek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Germans put up no resistance, and shots fired were attributed to Arabs.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The few British soldiers under camp commander Alan Tilbury were unable to impede the attack during which two colonists, Karl and Regina Aimann, were shot dead, 'before they could even say 'good morning',' in the words of Meir Amit.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newspaper accounts the day after reported they were shot when they resisted arrest while armed, and that the action was taken to intercept plans by 'Arab gangs' to take over the property.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The killings occurred in front of their eldest son Traugott. Having ordered their three children, Traugott, Helmut and Gisela to hide in a bedroom, the couple went to the door when two Jewish soldiers began knocked loudly and were cut down when they opened it. The family had reportedly taken refuge close to a British defensive position.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A third woman, Katharina Deininger (65), who was milking in the cow shed at the time, suffered a severe wounding when she was shot in the head.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Medical assistance was denied to the father, who was still alive, and the community once rounded up was locked up in a building and later subjected to a long speech in which they were all denounced as Nazis. They also underwent a body search to discover, without success, whether anyone bore SS tattoos.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One trooper assured the internees that "we are not like the Germans, we will not behave like the Germans".<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The internees were given 20 minutes to collect what remained of their belongings, all their valuables and good clothes having been looted in the meantime, together with ploughs, disks and tractors.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Germans were then stripped of any documents and some books they recovered, before being handed over to the British, who evacuated them to Haifa.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The soldiers who shot the Almanns were reprimanded,- one of them, Chummi Zarchi from Nahalal, had angry memories of several Ukrainian relatives killed in the Holocaust -<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the looting deplored not on moral grounds but because it endangered operative priorities.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This incident and the end of the Mandate forced the British to hasten the resettlement, thus all the internees, 51 Germans and 4 Swiss, as well as those from the other settlements, were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, into a camp of simple tents near <a href="/wiki/Famagusta" title="Famagusta">Famagusta</a>. By 14 May 1948, when Israel became independent, only about 50 Germans, mostly elderly and sick persons, were living in the new state. They voluntarily left the country or were later expelled by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alonei_Abba">Alonei Abba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alonei_Abba&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Alonei Abba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alonei-Abba-1956.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Alonei-Abba-1956.png/220px-Alonei-Abba-1956.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Alonei-Abba-1956.png/330px-Alonei-Abba-1956.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Alonei-Abba-1956.png/440px-Alonei-Abba-1956.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1548" /></a><figcaption>Map of Alonei Abba, 1956, on the previous sites of Umm el Amad and Waldheim</figcaption></figure> <p>On 12 May 1948 a group of young Zionist pioneers from <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, Austria and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, members of <a href="/wiki/HaNoar_HaTzioni" title="HaNoar HaTzioni">HaNoar HaTzioni</a>, established <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutz</a> BaMa'avak (<i>In The Struggle</i>) in the abandoned colony, after four years of agricultural training in <a href="/wiki/Herzliya" title="Herzliya">Herzliya</a>. Three years later, the kibbutz became a <a href="/wiki/Moshav_shitufi" title="Moshav shitufi">moshav shitufi</a> and the name was changed to <i>Alonei Abba</i> in memory of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abba_Berdichev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abba Berdichev (page does not exist)">Abba Berdichev</a>, who was parachuted into Czechoslovakia in 1943 to assist clandestine British forces, but was captured and executed in 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alonei_Abba&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:6-0429-002_Natural.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/6-0429-002_Natural.jpg/220px-6-0429-002_Natural.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/6-0429-002_Natural.jpg/330px-6-0429-002_Natural.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/6-0429-002_Natural.jpg/440px-6-0429-002_Natural.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5199" data-file-height="3462" /></a><figcaption><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Waldheim_Church_(Allonei_Abba)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Waldheim Church (Allonei Abba)">Waldheim Evangelical Church</a>, built between 1914 and 1921 by Haifa-based architect <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Lutz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Lutz (page does not exist)">Otto Lutz</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Moderow" class="extiw" title="de:Hans Moderow">Hans Martin Kuno Moderow</a> (1877-1945), pastor of the <i>Haifa Evangelical Congregation</i> (1908–18),<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also provided services in Waldheim, at the beginning in the living room of the new house of Waldheim's then mayor Gottlob Weinmann. The Waldheimers saved funds for a church of their own and could thus lay the <a href="/wiki/Cornerstone" title="Cornerstone">cornerstone</a> for the church in early 1914. The Haifa-based architect Otto Lutz led the construction works. In 1921, the Evangelical church at Alonei Abba, which still stands today, was inaugurated.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Alon winery, surrounded by a grove of oak trees, is located in the former dairy cooperative (est. 1913).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alonei_Abba_nature_reserve">Alonei Abba nature reserve</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alonei_Abba&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Alonei Abba nature reserve"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1994, a 950-<a href="/wiki/Dunam" title="Dunam">dunam</a> nature reserve was declared close by, to the north.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reserve is home to Valonia oak trees (<i><a href="/wiki/Quercus_macrolepis" class="mw-redirect" title="Quercus macrolepis">Quercus macrolepis</a></i>) and Palestine oak (<i><a href="/wiki/Quercus_calliprinos" class="mw-redirect" title="Quercus calliprinos">Quercus calliprinos</a></i>). Other flora in the forest includes <a href="/wiki/Terebinth" class="mw-redirect" title="Terebinth">terebinths</a> (<i>Pistacia terebinthus</i>), storax trees (<i><a href="/wiki/Styrax_officinalis" title="Styrax officinalis">Styrax officinalis</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Carob" title="Carob">carobs</a> (<i>Ceratonia siliqua</i>), buckthorns (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhamnus_palaestinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhamnus palaestinus (page does not exist)">Rhamnus palaestinus</a></i>), and Judas trees (<i><a href="/wiki/Cercis_siliquastrum" title="Cercis siliquastrum">Cercis siliquastrum</a></i>). Most of the reserve is open for experimental grazing by cattle from the moshav.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alonei_Abba&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notable residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Artzi" title="Shlomo Artzi">Shlomo Artzi</a>, musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Shalev" title="Meir Shalev">Meir Shalev</a>, writer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alonei_Abba&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Israelpopulations-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Israelpopulations_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/settlements/Pages/default.aspx?mode=Yeshuv">"Regional Statistics"</a>. <i>Israel Central Bureau of Statistics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israel+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.atitle=Regional+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fen%2Fsettlements%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fmode%3DYeshuv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=789914&contrassID=2&subContrassID=20">Yet to Be Discovered: The Jezreel Valley</a> 20 Nov 2006, <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexandre, 2008, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=837&mag_id=114">Alonēy Abba</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rohde, 1979, p. 101</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karmon, 1960, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf">162</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191222063351/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf">Archived</a> 22 December 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SWP273-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SWP273_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SWP273_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/273/mode/1up">273</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Palmer, 1881, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/117/mode/1up">117</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guérin, 1880, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n407/mode/1up">394</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schumacher, 1888, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme19pale#page/n200/mode/1up">175</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eisler, 1998, p. 84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eisler, 1998, pp. 99seq.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eisler, 1998, p. 97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eisler, 1998, p. 98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1922-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1922_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barron, 1923, Table XI, <a href="/wiki/Haifa_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Haifa Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Sub-district of Haifa</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n35/mode/1up">33</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n51/mode/1up">49</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1931-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1931_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mills, 1932, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas">97</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sauer, 1996, p. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ralf Balke, <i>Hakenkreuz im Heiligen Land: Die NSDAP-Landesgruppe Palästina</i>, Erfurt: Sutton, 2001, p. 81. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89702-304-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-89702-304-0">3-89702-304-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman, 2009 pp.163,169-170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jewish Germans living in Palestine had mostly given up their German citizenship or were successively denaturalised by the Nazi government. Even if they were still German citizens, the Britons did not regard them as potential supporters of Nazi Germany. All Jewish Germans living outside the extended <i>Greater German Reich</i> still holding German citizenship were denaturalised by ordinance (Elfte Verordnung zum Reichsbürgergesetz), decreed on 25 November 1941.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sauer, 1996, pp. 18 seqq.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hadawi49-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hadawi49_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. <i>Village Statistics, April, 1945.</i> Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Haifa/Page-049.jpg">49</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150251/http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Haifa/Page-049.jpg">Archived</a> 24 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1945data-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1945data_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Village Statistics April 1945,</i> The Palestine Government, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/pdfs/AAC25ComTech7Add1.pdf">12</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120609143136/http://domino.un.org/pdfs/AAC25ComTech7Add1.pdf">Archived</a> 9 June 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1945p15-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1945p15_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of Statistics, 1945, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p15.jpg">15</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. <i>Village Statistics, April, 1945.</i> Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Haifa/Page-092.jpg">92</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924151451/http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Haifa/Page-092.jpg">Archived</a> 24 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. <i>Village Statistics, April, 1945.</i> Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Haifa/Page-142.jpg">142</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150602172103/http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Haifa/Page-142.jpg">Archived</a> 2 June 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A certain Mitscherlich and Rolf Müller were shot dead in November 1946. In addition Wilfred Schumacher and a certain Ruppert were beaten to death in Haifa. Heidemarie Wawrzyn, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cZ7oBQAAQBAJ"><i>Nazis in the Holy Land 1933-1948,</i></a> <a href="/wiki/De_Gruyter" title="De Gruyter">De Gruyter</a> 2013 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-110-30652-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-110-30652-1">978-3-110-30652-1</a> p.127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman 2009, pp.172-173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman 2009, p.171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman 2009 p.156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman 2009 p.156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman 2009 p.157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman 2009 pp.163, 169:' The conditions here were rough. It was unpaved, dusty, dirty, thorns… over there it was all spic and span, every German family had an Arab family to serve them..'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Danny Goldman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/40933635/Waldheim_April_1948_the_Warriors_Silence_and_the_Courage_of_Frankness">'Waldheim, April 1948: the Warrior's Silence, and the Courage of Frankness,'</a> in Horst Blaich (ed.) <i>Exiled from the Holy Land,</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-425-13891-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-425-13891-2">978-1-425-13891-2</a> Trafford Publishing 2009 pp.146-177, pp.146,157, 161,163,164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman 2009 p.157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman 2009 pp.157,159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman 2009 pp.160-161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman 2009 pp.147,149. 150-151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sauer, 1996, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman 2009 p.147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman 2009 p.151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman 2009 p.161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman 2009 p.158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman 2009 pp.153,155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman 2009 pp.168-169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldman 2009 p.158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sauer, 1996, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zionism-israel.com/dic/Parachutists.htm">"Zionist Parachutists - Zionism and Israel -Encyclopedia / Dictionary/Lexicon of Zionism/Israel/"</a>. Zionism-israel.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zionist+Parachutists+-+Zionism+and+Israel+-Encyclopedia+%2F+Dictionary%2FLexicon+of+Zionism%2FIsrael%2F&rft.pub=Zionism-israel.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zionism-israel.com%2Fdic%2FParachutists.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurt_Prüfer2017" class="citation book cs1">Curt Prüfer (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rGKJDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA240"><i>Germany's Covert War in the Middle East: Espionage, Propaganda and Diplomacy in World War I</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781786733184" title="Special:BookSources/9781786733184"><bdi>9781786733184</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany%27s+Covert+War+in+the+Middle+East%3A+Espionage%2C+Propaganda+and+Diplomacy+in+World+War+I&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781786733184&rft.au=Curt+Pr%C3%BCfer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrGKJDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1180450953667&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter">"JPost | French-language news from Israel, the Middle East & the Jewish World"</a>. Fr.jpost.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JPost+%26%23124%3B+French-language+news+from+Israel%2C+the+Middle+East+%26+the+Jewish+World&rft.pub=Fr.jpost.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.jpost.com%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fcid%3D1180450953667%26pagename%3DJPost%252FJPArticle%252FPrinter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaversky1995" class="citation news cs1">Saversky, By Ronit (20 June 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3075596,00.html">"Galilee takes visitors back in time - Israel Travel, Ynetnews"</a>. <i>Ynetnews</i>. Ynetnews.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Galilee+takes+visitors+back+in+time+-+Israel+Travel%2C+Ynetnews&rft.date=1995-06-20&rft.aulast=Saversky&rft.aufirst=By+Ronit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3075596%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091007095221/http://parks.org.il/sigalit/muchrazim.pdf">"List of National Parks and Nature Reserves"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Hebrew). Israel Nature and Parks Authority. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parks.org.il/sigalit/muchrazim.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+National+Parks+and+Nature+Reserves&rft.pub=Israel+Nature+and+Parks+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparks.org.il%2Fsigalit%2Fmuchrazim.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928220155/http://www.parks.org.il/BuildaGate5/general2/data_card.php?Cat=~30~~542615448~Card1~&ru=&SiteName=parks&Clt=&Bur=574165444">"Alonei Abba Nature Reserve"</a> (in Hebrew). Israel Nature and Parks Authority. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parks.org.il/BuildaGate5/general2/data_card.php?Cat=~30~~542615448~Card1~&ru=&SiteName=parks&Clt=&Bur=574165444">the original</a> on 28 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alonei+Abba+Nature+Reserve&rft.pub=Israel+Nature+and+Parks+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parks.org.il%2FBuildaGate5%2Fgeneral2%2Fdata_card.php%3FCat%3D~30~~542615448~Card1~%26ru%3D%26SiteName%3Dparks%26Clt%3D%26Bur%3D574165444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alonei_Abba&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexandre2008" class="citation journal cs1">Alexandre, Yardenna (5 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=837&mag_id=114">"Alonēy Abba"</a> (120). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Alon%C4%93y+Abba&rft.issue=120&rft.date=2008-08-05&rft.aulast=Alexandre&rft.aufirst=Yardenna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hadashot-esi.org.il%2Freport_detail_eng.aspx%3Fid%3D837%26mag_id%3D114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarron,_J.B.1923" class="citation book cs1">Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922"><i>Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922</i></a>. Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine%3A+Report+and+General+Abstracts+of+the+Census+of+1922&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1923&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FPalestineCensus1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Carmel, Alex (אלכס כרמל), <i>Die Siedlungen der württembergischen Templer in Palästina (1868–1918)</i> (<sup>1</sup>1973), [התיישבות הגרמנים בארץ ישראל בשלהי השלטון הטורקי: בעיותיה המדיניות, המקומיות והבינלאומיות, ירושלים :חמו"ל, תש"ל; German], Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, <sup>3</sup>2000, (Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg: Reihe B, Forschungen; vol. 77). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-17-016788-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-17-016788-X">3-17-016788-X</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConderKitchener1881" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder" title="Claude Reignier Conder">Conder, C.R.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Kitchener, H.H.</a> (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft"><i>The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology</i></a>. Vol. 1. London: <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Survey+of+Western+Palestine%3A+Memoirs+of+the+Topography%2C+Orography%2C+Hydrography%2C+and+Archaeology&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Conder&rft.aufirst=C.R.&rft.au=Kitchener%2C+H.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsurveyofwesternp01conduoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Statistics1945" class="citation book cs1">Department of Statistics (1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390"><i>Village Statistics, April, 1945</i></a>. Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics%2C+April%2C+1945&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1945&rft.au=Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.nli.org.il%2Fsites%2Fnli%2FHebrew%2Flibrary%2FPages%2FBookReader.aspx%3Fpid%3D856390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Eisler, Ejal Jakob (איל יעקב איזלר), "«Kirchler» im Heiligen Land: Die evangelischen Gemeinden in den württembergischen Siedlungen Palästinas (1886–1914)" [title translated into <i>"Church proselytes" in the Holy Land: The Protestant congregations within the Württembergian settlements of Palestine (1886–1914)</i>], In: <i>Dem Erlöser der Welt zur Ehre: Festschrift zum hundertjährigen Jubiläum der Einweihung der evangelischen Erlöserkirche in Jerusalem</i>, Karl-Heinz Ronecker (ed.) on behalf of the 'Jerusalem-Stiftung' and '<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalemsverein" class="extiw" title="de:Jerusalemsverein">Jerusalemsverein</a>', Leipzig: Evangelische Verlags-Anstalt, 1998, pp. 81–100. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-374-01706-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-374-01706-1">3-374-01706-1</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuérin1880" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Victor Guérin">Guérin, V.</a> (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr01unkngoog"><i>Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine</i></a> (in French). Vol. 3: Galilee, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+G%C3%A9ographique+Historique+et+Arch%C3%A9ologique+de+la+Palestine&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=L%27Imprimerie+Nationale&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=Gu%C3%A9rin&rft.aufirst=V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdescriptiongogr01unkngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadawi1970" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sami_Hadawi" title="Sami Hadawi">Hadawi, S.</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181208215837/http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html">"Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine"</a>. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html">the original</a> on 8 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Village+Statistics+of+1945%3A+A+Classification+of+Land+and+Area+ownership+in+Palestine&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Hadawi&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestineremembered.com%2FArticles%2FGeneral-2%2FStory3150.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarmon,_Y.1960" class="citation journal cs1">Karmon, Y. (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191222063351/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf">"An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Israel_Exploration_Journal" title="Israel Exploration Journal">Israel Exploration Journal</a></i>. <b>10</b> (3, 4): <span class="nowrap">155–</span>173, <span class="nowrap">244–</span>253. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Exploration+Journal&rft.atitle=An+Analysis+of+Jacotin%27s+Map+of+Palestine&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3%2C+4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E155-%3C%2Fspan%3E173%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E244-%3C%2Fspan%3E253&rft.date=1960&rft.au=Karmon%2C+Y.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jchp.ucla.edu%2FBibliography%2FKarmon%2C_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_%28IEJ_10%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills,_E.1932" class="citation book cs1">Mills, E., ed. (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas"><i>Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas</i></a>. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+of+Palestine+1931.+Population+of+Villages%2C+Towns+and+Administrative+Areas&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1932&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FCensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitler2010" class="citation journal cs1">Mitler, Itamar (29 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1464&mag_id=117">"Alonē Abba Final Report"</a> (122). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Alon%C4%93+Abba+Final+Report&rft.issue=122&rft.date=2010-08-29&rft.aulast=Mitler&rft.aufirst=Itamar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hadashot-esi.org.il%2Freport_detail_eng.aspx%3Fid%3D1464%26mag_id%3D117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li>Moderow, Hans Martin Kuno, <i>Deutsches evangelisches Leben am Karmel</i> [title translated into <i>German Protestant life at the Carmel</i>], Potsdam: Stiftungsverlag, 1910.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer1881" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Henry_Palmer" title="Edward Henry Palmer">Palmer, E.H.</a> (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft"><i>The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Survey+of+Western+Palestine%3A+Arabic+and+English+Name+Lists+Collected+During+the+Survey+by+Lieutenants+Conder+and+Kitchener%2C+R.+E.+Transliterated+and+Explained+by+E.H.+Palmer&rft.pub=Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=E.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsurveyofwesternp00conduoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorat2009" class="citation journal cs1">Porat, Leea (26 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1153&mag_id=115">"Alonēy Abba Preliminary Report"</a> (121). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Alon%C4%93y+Abba+Preliminary+Report&rft.issue=121&rft.date=2009-07-26&rft.aulast=Porat&rft.aufirst=Leea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hadashot-esi.org.il%2Freport_detail_eng.aspx%3Fid%3D1153%26mag_id%3D115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhode1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Rhode" title="Harold Rhode">Rhode, H.</a> (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200301141739/https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century"><i>Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2026845">the original</a> on 1 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Administration+and+Population+of+the+Sancak+of+Safed+in+the+Sixteenth+Century&rft.pub=Columbia+University&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Rhode&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F2026845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchumacher1888" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gottlieb_Schumacher" title="Gottlieb Schumacher">Schumacher, G.</a> (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale">"Population list of the Liwa of Akka"</a>. <i>Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund</i>. <b>20</b>: <span class="nowrap">169–</span>191.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Statement+-+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.atitle=Population+list+of+the+Liwa+of+Akka&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E169-%3C%2Fspan%3E191&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Schumacher&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquarterlystateme19pale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlonei+Abba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Sauer, Paul: <i>Vom Land um den Asperg im Namen Gottes nach Palästina und Australien: Die wechselvolle Geschichte der Tempelgesellschaft</i>, lecture held on 20 October 1995 in Burgstetten on the occasion of the 750th anniversary of Kirschenhardthof, printed as <i>Schriftenreihe TG</i>, No. 1 (1996)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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title="Ein Dor">Ein Dor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazit" title="Gazit">Gazit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gvat" title="Gvat">Gvat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginegar" title="Ginegar">Ginegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanaton" title="Hanaton">Hanaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harduf" title="Harduf">Harduf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaSolelim" title="HaSolelim">HaSolelim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_HaHoresh" title="Kfar HaHoresh">Kfar HaHoresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merhavia_(kibbutz)" title="Merhavia (kibbutz)">Merhavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizra" title="Mizra">Mizra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_David" title="Ramat David">Ramat David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarid" title="Sarid">Sarid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yifat" title="Yifat">Yifat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moshav" title="Moshav">Moshavim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alonei Abba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balfouria" title="Balfouria">Balfouria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27arim_(moshav)" title="Beit She'arim (moshav)">Beit She'arim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Zaid" title="Beit Zaid">Beit Zaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_of_Galilee" title="Bethlehem of Galilee">Bethlehem of Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaYogev" title="HaYogev">HaYogev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Baruch" title="Kfar Baruch">Kfar Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Gidon" title="Kfar Gidon">Kfar Gidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Yehoshua" title="Kfar Yehoshua">Kfar Yehoshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merhavia_(moshav)" title="Merhavia (moshav)">Merhavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahalal" title="Nahalal">Nahalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sde_Ya%27akov" title="Sde Ya'akov">Sde Ya'akov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Adashim" title="Tel Adashim">Tel Adashim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzippori" title="Tzippori">Tzippori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_settlement_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Community settlement (Israel)">Community settlements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi,_Israel" title="Adi, Israel">Adi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahuzat_Barak" title="Ahuzat Barak">Ahuzat Barak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alon_HaGalil" title="Alon HaGalil">Alon HaGalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givat_Ela" title="Givat Ela">Givat Ela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoshaya" title="Hoshaya">Hoshaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimshit" title="Shimshit">Shimshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timrat" title="Timrat">Timrat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arab_localities_in_Israel" title="Arab localities in Israel">Arab villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manshiya_Zabda" title="Manshiya Zabda">Manshiya Zabda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suweid_Hamira" title="Suweid Hamira">Suweid Hamira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nature_reserves_of_Israel437" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nature_reserves_of_Israel" title="Template:Nature reserves of Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nature_reserves_of_Israel" title="Template talk:Nature reserves of Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nature_reserves_of_Israel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nature reserves of Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nature_reserves_of_Israel437" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_parks_and_nature_reserves_of_Israel" title="National parks and nature reserves of Israel">Nature reserves of Israel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_District" title="Jerusalem District">Jerusalem District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adullam" title="Adullam">Adullam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avshalom_Cave" title="Avshalom Cave">Avshalom Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Hemed" title="Ein Hemed">Ein Hemed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaMasrek_Reserve" title="HaMasrek Reserve">HaMasrek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifta" title="Lifta">Lifta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Sorek" title="Nahal Sorek">Nahal Sorek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Har_HaTayasim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Har HaTayasim (page does not exist)">Har HaTayasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te%27omim_Cave" title="Te'omim Cave">Te'omim Cave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Acre_sub-district,_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Acre sub-district, Israel">Acre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achziv_Islands" title="Achziv Islands">Achziv Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahal_Gamal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nahal Gamal (page does not exist)">Nahal Gamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Kziv" title="Nahal Kziv">Nahal Kziv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahal_Yehiam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nahal Yehiam (page does not exist)">Nahal Yehiam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_HaNikra_grottoes" title="Rosh HaNikra grottoes">Rosh HaNikra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gamla_nature_reserve" title="Gamla nature reserve">Gamla</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasbani_River" title="Hasbani River">Hasbani River</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermon_nature_reserve" title="Hermon nature reserve">Hermon</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehudiya_Forest_Nature_Reserve" title="Yehudiya Forest Nature Reserve">Yehudiya Forest</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Hermon" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahal Hermon">Nahal Hermon</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jezreel_sub-district" class="mw-redirect" title="Jezreel sub-district">Jezreel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alonei Abba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balfouria" title="Balfouria">Balfouria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilboa_Iris_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilboa Iris Nature Reserve (page does not exist)">Gilboa Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoz_Haim#Zakum_nature_reserve" title="Maoz Haim">Hurshat Zakum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Gilboa" title="Mount Gilboa">Mount Gilboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Tavor" title="Nahal Tavor">Nahal Tavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimron" title="Shimron">Shimron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kinneret_sub-district" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinneret sub-district">Kinneret</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ein_Nun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ein Nun (page does not exist)">Ein Nun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Arbel" title="Mount Arbel">Mount Arbel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahal_Yavne%27el&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nahal Yavne'el (page does not exist)">Nahal Yavne'el</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Safed_sub-district" class="mw-redirect" title="Safed sub-district">Safed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Amud" title="Nahal Amud">Nahal Amud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Ayun" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahal Ayun">Nahal Ayun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Betzet" title="Nahal Betzet">Nahal Betzet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dishon_Stream" title="Dishon Stream">Nahal Dishon</a></li> <li>Ein Avazim</li> <li>Ein Elah</li> <li>Ein Te'oh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hula_Valley" title="Hula Valley">Hula Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurshat_Tal" title="Hurshat Tal">Hurshat Tal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerem_Ben_Zimra" title="Kerem Ben Zimra">Kerem Ben Zimra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Meron" title="Mount Meron">Mount Meron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%27ar_Cave" title="Pa'ar Cave">Pa'ar Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamir-Nahal_Rachum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shamir-Nahal Rachum (page does not exist)">Shamir-Nahal Rachum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Anafa" title="Tel Anafa">Tel Anafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_(ancient_city)" title="Dan (ancient city)">Tel Dan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haifa_District" title="Haifa District">Haifa District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Afek_Nature_Reserve" title="Ein Afek Nature Reserve">Ein Afek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonei_Yitzhak#Alonei_Yitzhak_nature_reserve" title="Alonei Yitzhak">Alonei Yitzhak</a></li> <li>Dor Beach and Ma'agan Michael Islands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Nymphit" title="Ein Nymphit">Ein Nymphit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gador_Nature_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gador Nature Reserve (page does not exist)">Gador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel" title="Mount Carmel">Mount Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Taninim" title="Nahal Taninim">Nahal Taninim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Shikmona" title="Tel Shikmona">Tel Shikmona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Israel)" title="Central District (Israel)">Central District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bnei_Zion" title="Bnei Zion">Bnei Zion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitan_Aharon" title="Bitan Aharon">Bitan Aharon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadasim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hadasim (page does not exist)">Hadasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horvat_%27Ethri" title="Horvat 'Ethri">Horvat 'Ethri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neot_Kedumim" title="Neot Kedumim">Neot Kedumim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Poleg" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahal Poleg">Nahal Poleg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmachim" title="Palmachim">Palmachim Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Yitzhak" title="Tel Yitzhak">Tel Yitzhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udim" title="Udim">Udim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_District_(Israel)" title="Southern District (Israel)">Southern District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ashkelon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Daras" title="Bayt Daras">Brekhat Zmorot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gvar%27am" title="Gvar'am">Kurkar Gvar'am</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitzanim_Nature_Reserve" title="Nitzanim Nature Reserve">Nitzanim Dunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Mevo Ashdod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zikim" title="Zikim">Yam Shikma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beersheba</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahal_Abuv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nahal Abuv (page does not exist)">Nahal Abuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Beach_Nature_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Coral Beach Nature Reserve">Coral Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Gedi" title="Ein Gedi">Ein Gedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaMakhtesh_HaGadol" title="HaMakhtesh HaGadol">HaMakhtesh HaGadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HaMakhtesh_HaKatan" title="HaMakhtesh HaKatan">HaMakhtesh HaKatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhtesh_Ramon" title="Makhtesh Ramon">Makhtesh Ramon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timna_Valley" title="Timna Valley">Timna Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yotvata_Hai-Bar_Nature_Reserve" title="Yotvata Hai-Bar Nature Reserve">Yotvata Hai-Bar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eshkol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Be%27eri_Badlands" title="Be'eri Badlands">Be'eri Badlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judea_and_Samaria_Area" title="Judea and Samaria Area">Judea and Samaria Area</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alonei_Shmuel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alonei Shmuel (page does not exist)">Alonei Shmuel</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einot_Tzukim" class="mw-redirect" title="Einot Tzukim">Einot Tzukim</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Um_Tzafa_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Um Tzafa Forest (page does not exist)">Um Tzafa Forest</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Og" title="Nahal Og">Nahal Og</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Located in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">Israeli-occupied</a> <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> and <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>.<sup><small>2</small></sup></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2839248#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata550" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2839248#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata550" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2839248#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007465732705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/f0c34b18-9f68-4de1-bc97-031f445c28df">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alonei_Abba&oldid=1252425558">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alonei_Abba&oldid=1252425558</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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