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href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktria"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.no"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-mating" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siste_endringer&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Baktria rootpage-Baktria skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hopp til innhold</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" 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accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Portal" title="Stedet for å få hjelp"><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringer" title="Liste over siste endringer på wikien. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Siste endringer</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-prosjekt" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-prosjekt" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Prosjekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Prosjektportal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal"><span>Prosjektportal</span></a></li><li id="n-bidra" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bidra_til_Wikipedia"><span>Hvordan bidra?</span></a></li><li id="n-tinget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tinget"><span>Tinget</span></a></li><li id="n-torget" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Torget"><span>Torget</span></a></li><li id="n-konkurranser" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Konkurranser"><span>Konkurranser</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-wmno" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.no" rel="nofollow" title="Medlemsorganisasjon for wikipedianere"><span>Wikimedia Norge</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Forside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-no.svg" width="121" height="14" style="width: 7.5625em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:S%C3%B8k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Søk</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søk i Wikipedia" aria-label="Søk i Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søk</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personlig"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Endre skriftstørrelse, bredde og farge på siden." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Baktria" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Baktria" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Flere alternativer" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlig" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlig</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukermeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb"><span>Doner</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Baktria" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Baktria" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Historie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perserriket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perserriket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Perserriket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perserriket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aleksander_den_store" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aleksander_den_store"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Aleksander den store</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aleksander_den_store-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selevkideriket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selevkideriket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Selevkideriket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selevkideriket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gresk-baktrisk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gresk-baktrisk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Gresk-baktrisk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gresk-baktrisk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indo-grekere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indo-grekere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Indo-grekere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indo-grekere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kontakt_med_Kina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kontakt_med_Kina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Kontakt med Kina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kontakt_med_Kina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Baktria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 84 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">84 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktria" title="Baktria – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Baktria" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktrien" title="Baktrien – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Baktrien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktrien" title="Baktrien – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Baktrien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktrien" title="Baktrien – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Baktrien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A3%E1%8A%AD%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%AB" title="ባክትሪያ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ባክትሪያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="باختر – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باختر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bactria" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A9%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Պաքթրիա – vestarmensk" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պաքթրիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="vestarmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactriana" title="Bactriana – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bactriana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktriya" title="Baktriya – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Baktriya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="باکتریا – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="باکتریا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ব্যাকট্রিয়া – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্যাকট্রিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bactria" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бактрия – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бактрия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Бактрыя – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бактрыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бактрия – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бактрия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktria" title="Baktria – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Baktria" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactriana" title="Bactriana – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bactriana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Бактри – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Бактри" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktrie" title="Baktrie – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Baktrie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bactria" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktrien" title="Baktrien – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Baktrien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktria" title="Baktria – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Baktria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βακτρία – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βακτρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bactria" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactriana" title="Bactriana – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bactriana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktrio" title="Baktrio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Baktrio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktriana" title="Baktriana – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Baktriana" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1_(%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AE)" title="باختر (بلخ) – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باختر (بلخ)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactriane" title="Bactriane – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bactriane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactriana" title="Bactriana – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bactriana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%95%ED%8A%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="박트리아 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="박트리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Բակտրիա – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բակտրիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बैक्ट्रिया – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बैक्ट्रिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktrija" title="Baktrija – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Baktrija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktria" title="Baktria – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Baktria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battriana" title="Battriana – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battriana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="באקטריה – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="באקטריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბაქტრია – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბაქტრია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бактрия – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бактрия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktria" title="Baktria – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Baktria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бактрия – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бактрия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bactria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktrija" title="Baktrija – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Baktrija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktrija" title="Baktrija – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Baktrija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Bactria" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktria" title="Baktria – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Baktria" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktria" title="Baktria – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Baktria" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="ബാക്ട്രിയ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബാക്ട്രിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बॅक्ट्रिया – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बॅक्ट्रिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="باكتريا – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="باكتريا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balakh" title="Balakh – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Balakh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactri%C3%AB" title="Bactrië – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bactrië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95" title="बाह्लीक – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बाह्लीक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="バクトリア – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バクトリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactriana" title="Bactriana – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bactriana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baqtriya" title="Baqtriya – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Baqtriya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਬਾਖ਼ਤਰ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਾਖ਼ਤਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="باختر – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="باختر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="باختر – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="باختر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktria" title="Baktria – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Baktria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1ctria" title="Báctria – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Báctria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bactria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бактрия – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бактрия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bactria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="باختر – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="باختر" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktria" title="Baktria – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Baktria" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktrija" title="Baktrija – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Baktrija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Бактрија – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бактрија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktrija" title="Baktrija – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Baktrija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktria" title="Baktria – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Baktria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="பாக்திரியா – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாக்திரியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balxar_ile" title="Balxar ile – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Balxar ile" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="แบกเตรีย – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แบกเตรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бохтар – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бохтар" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktriya" title="Baktriya – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Baktriya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baktri%C3%BDa" title="Baktriýa – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Baktriýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Бактрія – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бактрія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="باختر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="باختر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bactria" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactria_(rehiyon)" title="Bactria (rehiyon) – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bactria (rehiyon)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A" title="巴克特里亚 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴克特里亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E" title="巴克特里亞 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="巴克特里亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E" title="巴克特里亞 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴克特里亞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q132646#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Baktria" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Baktria&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden (ikke skrevet ennå) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Baktria"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Baktria"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Baktria" title="Liste over alle 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accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:BactriaMap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/BactriaMap.jpg/300px-BactriaMap.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/BactriaMap.jpg/450px-BactriaMap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/BactriaMap.jpg/600px-BactriaMap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1905" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Greske byer i Baktria, deriblant hovedbyen Bactres, der i dag heter <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a> og nå er en mindre landsby ca. 25 km vest for <a href="/wiki/Mazari_Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazari Sharif">Mazari Sharif</a>, Afghanistans fjerde største by</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Greco-BactrianKingdomMap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Greco-BactrianKingdomMap.jpg/300px-Greco-BactrianKingdomMap.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Greco-BactrianKingdomMap.jpg/450px-Greco-BactrianKingdomMap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Greco-BactrianKingdomMap.jpg/600px-Greco-BactrianKingdomMap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1311" /></a><figcaption>Den antatte utstrekningen av det gresk-baktriske kongedømme.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Baktria</b> (Baktriana) var det <a href="/wiki/Antikkens_Hellas" title="Antikkens Hellas">antikke greske</a> navnet på landet mellom fjellrekken <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a> (<i>Caucasus Indicus</i>) og <a href="/wiki/Amu-Darja" title="Amu-Darja">Amu-Darja</a> (<i>Oxus</i>) med hovedstaden Baktra (nå <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Balkh</a>) i <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. I øst grenset det til den antikke regionen <a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a> i det indiske subkontinentet. Baktrias innbyggere snakket <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktrisk_spr%C3%A5k&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baktrisk språk (ikke skrevet ennå)">baktrisk</a>, et <a href="/wiki/Iranske_spr%C3%A5k" title="Iranske språk">iransk språk</a>. Dagens <a href="/wiki/Tadsjiker" title="Tadsjiker">tadsjiker</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sentral-Asia" title="Sentral-Asia">Sentral-Asia</a> er deres etterkommere. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Geografi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Oldtidens Baktria var lokalisert mellom fjellene i <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a> og elven <a href="/wiki/Amu-Darja" title="Amu-Darja">Amu-Darja</a> og dekker en flat region som strekker seg overskrevs mellom dagens <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tadsjikistan" title="Tadsjikistan">Tadsjikistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det er et fjellrikt land med et moderat klima. Vann er det nok av og landet er svært fruktbart. Baktria var hjemmet til en av de <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">iranske</a> stammene. Moderne forfattere har ofte brukt navnet i en videre form, som betegnelse for hele den nordlige delen av Afghanistan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det var i disse regionene hvor den fruktbare jorden i det fjellrike landet som er omringet av Turiani-ørkenen, at profeten <a href="/wiki/Zoroaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroaster">Zoroaster</a> forkynte og fikk sine første tilhengere. Det hellige språket som <a href="/wiki/Avesta_(zoroastrisme)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avesta (zoroastrisme)">Avesta</a>, den hellige boken i <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrisme" title="Zoroastrisme">zoroastrisme</a>, er skrevet, ble kalt «gammel baktrisk». </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perserriket">Perserriket</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Perserriket" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Perserriket"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det er ikke kjent om Baktria var en del av <a href="/wiki/Mederne" class="mw-redirect" title="Mederne">medernes</a> rike, men det ble underlagt av <a href="/wiki/Kyros_den_store" title="Kyros den store">Kyros den store</a> og utgjorde fra da av en av <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">satrapiene</a> i <a href="/wiki/Perserriket" title="Perserriket">Perserriket</a>. Etter at <a href="/wiki/Dareios_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Dareios III">Dareios III</a> ble slått av <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_den_store" title="Aleksander den store">Aleksander den store</a> og drept i kaoset som fulgte, forsøkte hans morder, <a href="/wiki/Bessus" class="mw-redirect" title="Bessus">Bessus</a>, satrapen i Baktria, å organisere motstand med grunnlag i sin satrapi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aleksander_den_store">Aleksander den store</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Aleksander den store" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Aleksander den store"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aleksander den store erobret Sogdiana. Imidlertid møtte han sterk motstand i sør, bortenfor elven Oxos (dagens <a href="/wiki/Amu-Darja" title="Amu-Darja">Amu-Darja</a>). Etter to år med krigføring og et sterkt motstand hadde grekerne ikke klart å etablere større kontroll over Baktria. Etter Aleksanders død informerer historikeren <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> at en Filip hadde fått besittelsen over Baktria, men <a href="/wiki/Junianus_Justinus" title="Junianus Justinus">Junianus Justinus</a> nevner en Amyntas i denne posisjonen. I <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triparadeisosavtalen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triparadeisosavtalen (ikke skrevet ennå)">Triparadeisosavtalen</a> i 321 f.Kr. hvor Aleksanders rike ble fordelt mellom hans arvtakere, er både Diodorus Siculus og Arrianos enige om at <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">satrapen</a> Stasanor fikk kontroll over Baktria, og deretter ble det en del av <a href="/wiki/Selevkideriket" title="Selevkideriket">Selevkideriket</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selevkideriket">Selevkideriket</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Selevkideriket" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Selevkideriket"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Selevkideriket ble etablert av en av Aleksanders generaler, <a href="/wiki/Selevkos_I_Nikator" title="Selevkos I Nikator">Selevkos I Nikator</a> og det ble opprettet mange greske byer i det østlige Iran, og det greske språket ble for en tid dominerende der. </p><p>Den greske tilstedeværelsen i Baktria kan forklares med at grekere i tidligere tider ble deportert dit, eksempelvis sørget <a href="/wiki/Dareios_I_av_Persia" title="Dareios I av Persia">Dareios I av Persia</a> for at innbyggerne av byen Barka i den greske kolonien <a href="/wiki/Kyrenaika" title="Kyrenaika">Kyrenaika</a> i dagens <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> for at de nektet å overgi «attentatmenn».<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Også <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I_av_Persia" title="Xerxes I av Persia">Xerxes I av Persia</a> skal ha bosatt <i>branchidæ</i>, en presteslekt som tidligere hadde styrt et orakel for Apollon ved <a href="/wiki/Didyma" title="Didyma">Didyma</a>, rundt 16 km sør for <a href="/wiki/Milet" title="Milet">Miletos</a> i vestlige Anatolia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Også Aleksander møtte en gruppe gresktalende i Baktria som fortalte de opprinnelig kom fra Didyma.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disse få eksemplene er likevel ikke noe som antyder større deportering av grekere eller gresktalende til Baktria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gresk-baktrisk">Gresk-baktrisk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Gresk-baktrisk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Gresk-baktrisk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Hovedartikkel: <a href="/wiki/Gresk-baktriske_konged%C3%B8mme" title="Gresk-baktriske kongedømme">Gresk-baktriske kongedømme</a></i></li></ul> <p>De mange vanskelighetene som selevkidekongene måtte bekjempe og angrepene fra <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaios_II_Filadelfos" title="Ptolemaios II Filadelfos">Ptolemaios II Filadelfos</a> i <a href="/wiki/Oldtidens_Egypt" title="Oldtidens Egypt">Egypt</a>, ga satrapen i Baktria <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diodotos_I_av_Baktria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diodotos I av Baktria (ikke skrevet ennå)">Diodotos I</a> muligheten til å erklære seg uavhengig rundt <a href="/wiki/255_f.Kr." title="255 f.Kr.">255 f.Kr.</a> fra Selevkideriket og erobre <a href="/wiki/Sogdiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sogdiana">Sogdiana</a>. Han grunnla det <a href="/wiki/Gresk-baktriske_konged%C3%B8mme" title="Gresk-baktriske kongedømme">gresk-baktriske kongedømme</a>. Diodotos og hans etterfølgere klarte å stå imot angrepene fra selvkidene, særlig <a href="/wiki/Antiokos_III_den_store" title="Antiokos III den store">Antiokos III den store</a>, som til slutt ble beseiret av den <a href="/wiki/Romerske_republikk" class="mw-redirect" title="Romerske republikk">romerne</a> (<a href="/wiki/190_f.Kr." title="190 f.Kr.">190 f.Kr.</a>). </p><p>Gresk-baktrerne var så mektige at de klarte å ekspandere territoriet så langt som <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>: </p> <dl><dd>«Når det gjelder Baktria, ligger en del langs Aria mot nord, selv om mesteparten ligger over Aria og øst for den. Og mye av det produserer alt utenom olje. Grekerne som fikk Baktria til å gjøre opprør ble så mektige på grunnlag av fruktbarheten i landet at de ble herrer, ikke bare av Ariana, men også av India, som Apollodoros av Artemita sier: og flere stammer ble underlagt dem enn av Aleksander....» (<a href="/wiki/Strabon" title="Strabon">Strabon</a>, XI. xi. 1)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indo-grekere">Indo-grekere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Indo-grekere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Indo-grekere"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Hovedartikkel: <a href="/wiki/Indo-gresk_konged%C3%B8mme" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-gresk kongedømme">Indo-gresk kongedømme</a></i></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Demetrius_I_of_Bactria.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Demetrius_I_of_Bactria.jpg/180px-Demetrius_I_of_Bactria.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Demetrius_I_of_Bactria.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="201" data-file-height="191" /></a><figcaption>Grunnleggeren av det indo-greske kongedømmet Demetrios I (<a href="/wiki/205_f.Kr." title="205 f.Kr.">205</a>–<a href="/wiki/171_f.Kr." title="171 f.Kr.">171 f.Kr.</a>) med skalpen av en elefant, et symbol på hans erobring av India.</figcaption></figure> <p>Den baktriske kong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Euthydemos_I_av_Baktria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euthydemos I av Baktria (ikke skrevet ennå)">Euthydemos</a> og hans sønn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demetrios_I_av_Baktria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demetrios I av Baktria (ikke skrevet ennå)">Demetrios</a> krysset fjellene i <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a> og begynte erobringen av det nordlige <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> og <a href="/wiki/Indus" title="Indus">Indusdalen</a>. For en kort tid hadde de stor makt, et sterkt gresk rike så ut til å ha reist seg i Det fjerne østen, men dette riket ble revet i stykker av indre uenighet og stadige tilranelser av tronen. Da Demetrios rykket så langt fram som inn i India, gjorde en av hans generaler, <a href="/wiki/Eukratides_I" title="Eukratides I">Eukratides I</a>, seg til konge i Baktria, og snart dukket det opp nye tronranere fra alle provinser og utropte seg til konge og sloss mot hverandre. </p><p>De fleste av dem er kjent bare fra deres mynter, mange har blitt funnet i Afghanistan og India. I disse krigene ble den dominerende posisjonen til grekerne undergravd mye fortere enn ellers tilfellet ville ha vært. Etter Demetrios og Eukratides, forlot kongene myntstandarden og introduserte en egen standard, uten tvil for å få støtte utenfra den greske minoriteten. I India gikk tilnærmingen enda lenger. Den indo-greske kong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Menandros_(indo-gresk_konge)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menandros (indo-gresk konge) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Menandros</a> (kjent som Milinda i India), var en stor erobrer, og konverterte til og med til <a href="/wiki/Buddhisme" title="Buddhisme">buddhisme</a>. Hans etterfølgere klarte å klamre seg til makten noe lenger, men rundt år <a href="/wiki/10" title="10">10</a> e.Kr. var alle de greske kongene borte. </p><p>Svakheten til det gresk-baktriske riket viste seg ved dets plutselige og totale bortfall, først av den nomadiske stammen sakaene og deretter av <a href="/wiki/Yuezhi" title="Yuezhi">yuezhiere</a> (som senere ble kjent som <a href="/wiki/Kushriket" title="Kushriket">kushere</a>), som hadde erobret Daxia (Baktria) før besøket til den kinesiske utsendingen <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Qian" title="Zhang Qian">Zhang Qian</a>, rundt <a href="/wiki/126_f.Kr." title="126 f.Kr.">126 f.Kr.</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kontakt_med_Kina">Kontakt med Kina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kontakt med Kina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kontakt med Kina"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Daxia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Daxia.svg/120px-Daxia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Daxia.svg/180px-Daxia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Daxia.svg/240px-Daxia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="668" /></a><figcaption>Ideogram for <b>Ta-Hia</b>, det antikke kinesiske navnet for Baktria.</figcaption></figure> <p>Baktria (kjent som <i>Ta-Hia</i> for kineserne) ble besøkt av den kinesiske utforskeren <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Qian" title="Zhang Qian">Zhang Qian</a> i <a href="/wiki/126_f.Kr." title="126 f.Kr.">126 f.Kr.</a>. </p><p>Rapportene til Zhang Qian ble skrevet ned i <a href="/wiki/Shiji" title="Shiji">Shiji</a> («nedtegnelsene til den store historikeren») av <a href="/wiki/Sima_Qian" title="Sima Qian">Sima Qian</a> i det 1. århundret f.Kr. De beskriver en viktig bysivilisasjon med rundt en million innbyggere som levde i befestede byer under små bykonger eller dommere. Ta-Hia var et rikt land med rike markeder, som handlet i en utrolig variasjon av gjenstander som kom så langt bortefra som Sør-Kina. </p><p>På tiden da Zhang Qian besøkte Ta-Hia var der ikke lenger noen betydelig konge, og baktrerne var underlagt de nomadiske Yuezhi som slo seg ned i nord av deres terriotorium på den andre siden av Oxus. Overalt møtte Zhang Qian en nokså sofistikert, men demoralisert befolkning som var redde for krig. </p><p>Disse kontaktene førte umiddelbart til utsendelsen av mange utsendinger fra kineserne, som satte i gang utviklingen av <a href="/wiki/Silkeveien" title="Silkeveien">Silkeveien</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Bactria">«Bactria»</a> i <i>Encycolopaedia Britannica</i> via <i>WikiSource</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Herodot" title="Herodot">Herodotos</a>: <i>Historie</i> 4.200-204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Hammond, N. G. L. (1998): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/639826?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">«The Branchidae at Didyma and in Sogdiana»</a> i: <i>The Classical Quarterly</i> <b>48</b> (2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Strabon" title="Strabon">Strabon</a>, 11.11.4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://makedonia-alexandros.blogspot.no/2012/04/meeting-branchidae-on-his-march-to.html">Alexander Meeting the Branchidae on his march to Maracanda</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bernard, Paul (1994): «The Greek Kingdoms of Central Asia» i: <i>History of civilizations of Central Asia</i>, bind II: <i>The development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250</i>, s. 99–129. Harmatta, János, red., 1994. Paris: UNESCO Publishing.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baktria&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coinindia.com/index-greek.html">Baktriske mynter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/world/asia/displayStory.cfm?story_id=2281950">Baktrisk gull</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livius.org/ba-bd/bactria/bactria.html">Bactria</a>, <i>Livius.org</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526205215/http://ximebenj.club.fr/index.htm">Batriane du nord</a>, et arkeologisk fullsted</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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