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<div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">List of quantum processors</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22List+of+quantum+processors%22">"List of quantum processors"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22List+of+quantum+processors%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22List+of+quantum+processors%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22List+of+quantum+processors%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22List+of+quantum+processors%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22List+of+quantum+processors%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (July 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> This list contains <a href="/wiki/Quantum_processing_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantum processing unit">quantum processors</a>, also known as quantum processing units (QPUs). Some devices listed below have only been announced at press conferences so far, with no actual demonstrations or scientific publications characterizing the performance. Quantum processors are difficult to compare due to the different <a href="/wiki/Hardware_architecture" title="Hardware architecture"> architectures</a> and approaches. Due to this, published physical <a href="/wiki/Qubit" title="Qubit">qubit</a> numbers do not reflect the performance levels of the processor. This is instead achieved through the number of <a href="/wiki/Physical_and_logical_qubits" title="Physical and logical qubits">logical qubits</a> or benchmarking metrics such as <a href="/wiki/Quantum_volume" title="Quantum volume">quantum volume</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randomized_benchmarking" title="Randomized benchmarking">randomized benchmarking</a> or circuit layer operations per second (CLOPS).<a href="#cite_note-CLOPS-1">[1]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Circuit-based_quantum_processors">Circuit-based quantum processors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_quantum_processors&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Circuit-based quantum processors">edit</a>]</div> These QPUs are based on the <a href="/wiki/Quantum_circuit" title="Quantum circuit">quantum circuit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quantum_logic_gate" title="Quantum logic gate">quantum logic gate</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Model_of_computation" title="Model of computation">model of computing</a>. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Manufacturer</th> <th>Name/codename designation </th> <th>Architecture</th> <th>Layout</th> <th data-sort-type="number">Fidelity (%)</th> <th>Qubits (physical)</th> <th data-sort-type="isoDate">Release date</th> <th data-sort-type="number">Quantum volume </th></tr> <tr> <td>Alpine Quantum Technologies </td> <td>PINE System<a href="#cite_note-PINE_SYSTEM-2">[2]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trapped_ion_quantum_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Trapped ion quantum computer">Trapped ion</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>24<a href="#cite_note-AQT_Pine_System-3">[3]</a> </td> <td>June 7, 2021 </td> <td>128<a href="#cite_note-PINE_SYSTEM_QV-4">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Atom Computing </td> <td>Phoenix </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neutral_atom_quantum_computer" title="Neutral atom quantum computer">Neutral atoms in optical lattices</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>100<a href="#cite_note-Phoenix-5">[5]</a> </td> <td>August 10, 2021 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Atom Computing </td> <td>N/A </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neutral_atom_quantum_computer" title="Neutral atom quantum computer">Neutral atoms in optical lattices</a> </td> <td>35×35 lattice (with 45 vacancies) </td> <td>< 99.5 (2 qubits)<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> </td> <td>1180<a href="#cite_note-:8-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-8">[8]</a> </td> <td>October 2023 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a></td> <td>N/A</td> <td>99.5<a href="#cite_note-Lant-9">[9]</a></td> <td>20</td> <td>2017 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></td> <td>N/A</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a></td> <td>7×7 lattice</td> <td>99.7<a href="#cite_note-Lant-9">[9]</a></td> <td>49<a href="#cite_note-Simonite_2017-10">[10]</a></td> <td data-sort-value="2017-09-01">Q4 2017 (planned) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Google</td> <td>Bristlecone</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> <a href="/wiki/Transmon" title="Transmon">transmon</a></td> <td>6×12 lattice</td> <td>99 (readout) 99.9 (1 qubit) 99.4 (2 qubits)</td> <td>72<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Greene_2018-03-06-12">[12]</a></td> <td>March 5, 2018 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Google</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sycamore_(quantum_computer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sycamore (quantum computer)">Sycamore</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> <a href="/wiki/Transmon" title="Transmon">transmon</a></td> <td>9×6 lattice</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>53 effective (54 total)</td> <td>2019 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Google</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Willow_processor" title="Willow processor">Willow</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> <a href="/wiki/Transmon" title="Transmon">transmon</a></td> <td>7×7 lattice</td> <td>99.965% (1-qubit) 99.67% (2-qubit) Surface code error correction implemented.</td> <td>49 effective (105 total)</td> <td>December 9, 2024<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></td> <td>IBM Q 5 Tenerife</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a></td> <td>bow tie</td> <td>99.897 (average gate) 98.64 (readout) </td> <td>5</td> <td>2016<a href="#cite_note-Lant-9">[9]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> </td> <td>IBM Q 5 Yorktown </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>bow tie </td> <td>99.545 (average gate) 94.2 (readout) </td> <td>5 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Q 14 Melbourne </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>99.735 (average gate) 97.13 (readout) </td> <td>14 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM</td> <td>IBM Q 16 Rüschlikon</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a></td> <td>2×8 lattice</td> <td>99.779 (average gate) 94.24 (readout) </td> <td>16<a href="#cite_note-IBM_Q-14">[14]</a></td> <td>May 17, 2017 (Retired: 26 September 2018)<a href="#cite_note-:0-15">[15]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM</td> <td>IBM Q 17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a></td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>17<a href="#cite_note-IBM_Q-14">[14]</a></td> <td>May 17, 2017 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM</td> <td>IBM Q 20 Tokyo</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a></td> <td>5×4 lattice</td> <td>99.812 (average gate) 93.21 (readout) </td> <td>20<a href="#cite_note-ibm1-16">[16]</a></td> <td>November 10, 2017 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Q 20 Austin </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>5×4 lattice </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>20 </td> <td data-sort-value="2018-07-04">(Retired: 4 July 2018)<a href="#cite_note-:0-15">[15]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM</td> <td>IBM Q 50 prototype</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> transmon</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>50<a href="#cite_note-ibm1-16">[16]</a></td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM</td> <td>IBM Q 53</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a></td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>53</td> <td>October 2019 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM_Eagle" title="IBM Eagle">IBM Eagle</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> transmon</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>127<a href="#cite_note-:10-17">[17]</a></td> <td>November 2021 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM_Osprey" title="IBM Osprey">IBM Osprey</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-8">[8]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a></td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>433<a href="#cite_note-:10-17">[17]</a></td> <td>November 2022 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM_Condor" title="IBM Condor">IBM Condor</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-7">[7]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>Honeycomb<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>1121<a href="#cite_note-:10-17">[17]</a> </td> <td>December 2023 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM_Heron" title="IBM Heron">IBM Heron</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-7">[7]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>133 </td> <td>December 2023 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Heron R2<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>Heavy hex </td> <td>96.5 (2 qubits) </td> <td>156 </td> <td>November 2024 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Armonk<a href="#cite_note-:1-21">[21]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>Single Qubit </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>1 </td> <td>October 16, 2019 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Ourense<a href="#cite_note-:1-21">[21]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>T </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>5 </td> <td>July 3, 2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Vigo<a href="#cite_note-:1-21">[21]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>T </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>5 </td> <td>July 3, 2019 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM London<a href="#cite_note-:1-21">[21]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>T </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>5 </td> <td>September 13, 2019 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Burlington<a href="#cite_note-:1-21">[21]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>T </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>5 </td> <td>September 13, 2019 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Essex<a href="#cite_note-:1-21">[21]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>T </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>5 </td> <td>September 13, 2019 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Athens<a href="#cite_note-ibmq-22">[22]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>5 </td> <td> </td> <td>32<a href="#cite_note-ibmq_qv32-23">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Belem<a href="#cite_note-ibmq-22">[22]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>Falcon r4T<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>5 </td> <td> </td> <td>16<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Bogotá<a href="#cite_note-ibmq-22">[22]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>Falcon r4L<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>5 </td> <td> </td> <td>32<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Casablanca<a href="#cite_note-ibmq-22">[22]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>Falcon r4H<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>7 </td> <td data-sort-value="2022-03">(Retired – March 2022) </td> <td>32<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Dublin<a href="#cite_note-ibmq-22">[22]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>27 </td> <td> </td> <td>64 </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Guadalupe<a href="#cite_note-ibmq-22">[22]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>Falcon r4P<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>16 </td> <td> </td> <td>32<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Kolkata </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>27 </td> <td> </td> <td>128 </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Lima<a href="#cite_note-ibmq-22">[22]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>Falcon r4T<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>5 </td> <td> </td> <td>8<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Manhattan<a href="#cite_note-ibmq-22">[22]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>65 </td> <td> </td> <td>32<a href="#cite_note-ibmq_qv32-23">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Montreal<a href="#cite_note-ibmq-22">[22]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>Falcon r4<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>27 </td> <td> </td> <td>128<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Mumbai<a href="#cite_note-ibmq-22">[22]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>Falcon r5.1<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>27 </td> <td> </td> <td>128<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Paris<a href="#cite_note-ibmq-22">[22]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>27 </td> <td> </td> <td>32<a href="#cite_note-ibmq_qv32-23">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Quito<a href="#cite_note-ibmq-22">[22]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>Falcon r4T<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>5 </td> <td> </td> <td>16<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Rome<a href="#cite_note-ibmq-22">[22]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>5 </td> <td> </td> <td>32<a href="#cite_note-ibmq_qv32-23">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Santiago<a href="#cite_note-ibmq-22">[22]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>5 </td> <td> </td> <td>32<a href="#cite_note-ibmq_qv32-23">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Sydney<a href="#cite_note-ibmq-22">[22]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>Falcon r4<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>27 </td> <td> </td> <td>32<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IBM </td> <td>IBM Toronto<a href="#cite_note-ibmq-22">[22]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>Falcon r4<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>27 </td> <td> </td> <td>32<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></td> <td>17-Qubit Superconducting Test Chip</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a></td> <td>40-pin cross gap</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>17<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Novet_2017-26">[26]</a></td> <td>October 10, 2017 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></td> <td>Tangle Lake</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a></td> <td>108-pin cross gap</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>49<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></td> <td>January 9, 2018 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Intel </td> <td>Tunnel Falls </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spin_qubit_quantum_computer" title="Spin qubit quantum computer">Semiconductor spin qubits</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>12<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> </td> <td>June 15, 2023 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IonQ" title="IonQ">IonQ</a> </td> <td>Harmony </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trapped_ion_quantum_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Trapped ion quantum computer">Trapped ion</a> </td> <td>All-to-All<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td> <td>99.73 (1 qubit) 90.02 (2 qubit) 99.30 (<abbr title="state preparation and measurement">SPAM</abbr>) </td> <td>11<a href="#cite_note-:5-29">[29]</a> </td> <td>2022 </td> <td>8<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/IonQ" title="IonQ">IonQ</a> </td> <td>Aria </td> <td>Trapped ion </td> <td>All-to-All<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td> <td>99.97 (1 qubit) 98.33 (2 qubit) 98.94 ((<abbr title="state preparation and measurement">SPAM</abbr>) </td> <td>25<a href="#cite_note-:5-29">[29]</a> </td> <td>2022 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IonQ </td> <td>Forte </td> <td>Trapped ion </td> <td>366x1 chain<a href="#cite_note-IonQ32-30">[30]</a> All-to-All<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td> <td>99.98 (1 qubit) 98.5–99.3 (2 qubit)<a href="#cite_note-IonQ32-30">[30]</a>99.56 ((<abbr title="state preparation and measurement">SPAM</abbr>) </td> <td>36<a href="#cite_note-:5-29">[29]</a> (earlier 32) </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td>IQM </td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a></td> <td>Star</td> <td>99.91 (1 qubit) 99.14 (2 qubits)</td> <td>5<a href="#cite_note-The_Power_of_Co-Design-31">[31]</a></td> <td>November 30, 2021<a href="#cite_note-Finland's_first_5-qubit_quantum_computer_is_now_operational-32">[32]</a></td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>IQM </td> <td>-</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>Square lattice </td> <td>99.91 (1 qubit median) 99.944 (1 qubit max) 98.25 (2 qubits median) 99.1 (2 qubits max) </td> <td>20 </td> <td>October 9, 2023<a href="#cite_note-Finland_launches_a_20-qubit_quantum_computer-33">[33]</a> </td> <td>16<a href="#cite_note-Quantum_Zeitgeist_IQM_20-34">[34]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/M_Squared_Lasers" title="M Squared Lasers">M Squared Lasers</a> </td> <td>Maxwell </td> <td>Neutral atoms in optical lattices </td> <td> </td> <td>99.5 (3-qubit gate), 99.1 (4-qubit gate)<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> </td> <td>200<a href="#cite_note-Maxwell_M2_Lasers-36">[36]</a> </td> <td>November 2022 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Majorana_1" title="Majorana 1">Majorana 1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Topological_quantum_computer" title="Topological quantum computer">Topological</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>99 (readout) </td> <td>8<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> </td> <td>February 2025 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oxford Quantum Circuits </td> <td>Lucy<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> </td> <td>Superconducting </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>2022 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oxford Quantum Circuits </td> <td>OQC Toshiko<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> </td> <td>Superconducting </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>32 </td> <td>2023 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quandela" class="extiw" title="fr:Quandela">Quandela</a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cloud.quandela.com/">Ascella</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linear_optical_quantum_computing" title="Linear optical quantum computing">Photonics</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>99.6 (1 qubit) 93.8 (2 qubits) 86.0 (3 qubits) </td> <td>6<a href="#cite_note-High-fidelity_generation_of_four-photon_GHZ_states_on-chip-40">[40]</a> </td> <td>2022<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>QuTech at <a href="/wiki/Delft_University_of_Technology" title="Delft University of Technology">TU Delft</a> </td> <td>Spin-2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spin_qubit_quantum_computer" title="Spin qubit quantum computer">Semiconductor spin qubits</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>99 (average gate) 85 (readout)<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>QuTech at <a href="/wiki/Delft_University_of_Technology" title="Delft University of Technology">TU Delft</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>Semiconductor spin qubits </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>6<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> </td> <td>September 2022 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>QuTech at TU Delft </td> <td>Starmon-5 </td> <td>Superconducting </td> <td>X configuration </td> <td>97 (readout)<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quantinuum" title="Quantinuum">Quantinuum</a> </td> <td>H2<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> </td> <td>Trapped ion </td> <td>Racetrack, All-to-All </td> <td>99.997 (1 qubit) 99.87 (2 qubit) </td> <td>56<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> (earlier 32) </td> <td>May 9, 2023 </td> <td>2,097,152<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quantinuum" title="Quantinuum">Quantinuum</a> </td> <td>H1-1<a href="#cite_note-H1_Data_Sheet-48">[48]</a> </td> <td>Trapped ion </td> <td>15×15 (Circuit Size) </td> <td>99.996 (1 qubit) 99.914 (2 qubit) </td> <td>20 </td> <td>2022 </td> <td>1,048,576<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quantinuum" title="Quantinuum">Quantinuum</a> </td> <td>H1-2 <a href="#cite_note-H1_Data_Sheet-48">[48]</a> </td> <td>Trapped ion </td> <td>All-to-All<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td> <td>99.996 (1 qubit) 99.7 (2 qubit) </td> <td>12 </td> <td>2022 </td> <td>4096<a href="#cite_note-H1-2_Quantum_Volume-50">[50]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Quantware </td> <td>Soprano<a href="#cite_note-Soprano-51">[51]</a> </td> <td>Superconducting </td> <td> </td> <td>99.9 (single-qubit gates) </td> <td>5 </td> <td>July 2021 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Quantware </td> <td>Contralto<a href="#cite_note-Contralto-52">[52]</a> </td> <td>Superconducting </td> <td> </td> <td>99.9 (single-qubit gates) </td> <td>25 </td> <td>March 7, 2022<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Quantware </td> <td>Tenor<a href="#cite_note-Tenor-54">[54]</a> </td> <td>Superconducting </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>64 </td> <td>February 23, 2023 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rigetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigetti">Rigetti</a> </td> <td>Agave </td> <td>Superconducting </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>96 (Single-qubit gates) 87 (Two-qubit gates) </td> <td>8 </td> <td>June 4, 2018<a href="#cite_note-rigetti-55">[55]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rigetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigetti">Rigetti</a></td> <td>Acorn</td> <td>Superconducting transmon</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>98.63 (Single-qubit gates) 87.5 (Two-qubit gates) </td> <td>19<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></td> <td>December 17, 2017 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rigetti_Computing" title="Rigetti Computing">Rigetti</a> </td> <td>Aspen-1 </td> <td>Superconducting </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>93.23 (Single-qubit gates) 90.84 (Two-qubit gates) </td> <td>16 </td> <td>November 30, 2018<a href="#cite_note-rigetti-55">[55]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rigetti_Computing" title="Rigetti Computing">Rigetti</a> </td> <td>Aspen-4 </td> <td>Superconducting </td> <td> </td> <td>99.88 (Single-qubit gates) 94.42 (Two-qubit gates) </td> <td>13 </td> <td>March 10, 2019 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rigetti_Computing" title="Rigetti Computing">Rigetti</a> </td> <td>Aspen-7 </td> <td>Superconducting </td> <td> </td> <td>99.23 (Single-qubit gates) 95.2 (Two-qubit gates) </td> <td>28 </td> <td>November 15, 2019 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rigetti_Computing" title="Rigetti Computing">Rigetti</a> </td> <td>Aspen-8 </td> <td>Superconducting </td> <td> </td> <td>99.22 (Single-qubit gates) 94.34 (Two-qubit gates) </td> <td>31 </td> <td>May 5, 2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rigetti_Computing" title="Rigetti Computing">Rigetti</a> </td> <td>Aspen-9 </td> <td>Superconducting </td> <td> </td> <td>99.39 (Single-qubit gates) 94.28 (Two-qubit gates) </td> <td>32 </td> <td>February 6, 2021 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rigetti_Computing" title="Rigetti Computing">Rigetti</a> </td> <td>Aspen-10 </td> <td>Superconducting </td> <td> </td> <td>99.37 (Single-qubit gates) 94.66 (Two-qubit gates) </td> <td>32 </td> <td>November 4, 2021 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rigetti_Computing" title="Rigetti Computing">Rigetti</a> </td> <td>Aspen-11 </td> <td>Superconducting </td> <td>Octagonal<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td> <td>99.8 (Single-qubit gates) 92.7 (Two-qubit gates CZ) 91.0 (Two-qubit gates XY) </td> <td>40 </td> <td>December 15, 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rigetti_Computing" title="Rigetti Computing">Rigetti</a> </td> <td>Aspen-M-1 </td> <td>Superconducting transmon </td> <td>Octagonal<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td> <td>99.8 (Single-qubit gates) 93.7 (Two-qubit gates CZ) 94.6 (Two-qubit gates XY) </td> <td>80 </td> <td>February 15, 2022 </td> <td>8<a href="#cite_note-:4-24">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rigetti_Computing" title="Rigetti Computing">Rigetti</a> </td> <td>Aspen-M-2 </td> <td>Superconducting transmon </td> <td> </td> <td>99.8 (Single-qubit gates) 91.3 (Two-qubit gates CZ) 90.0 (Two-qubit gates XY) </td> <td>80 </td> <td>August 1, 2022 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rigetti_Computing" title="Rigetti Computing">Rigetti</a></td> <td>Aspen-M-3</td> <td>Superconducting transmon</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>99.9 (Single-qubit gates) 94.7 (Two-qubit gates CZ) 95.1 (Two-qubit gates XY)</td> <td>80<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></td> <td>December 2, 2022 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rigetti_Computing" title="Rigetti Computing">Rigetti</a></td> <td>Ankaa-2</td> <td>Superconducting transmon</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>98 (Two-qubit gates)</td> <td>84<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></td> <td>December 20, 2023 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RIKEN" class="mw-redirect" title="RIKEN">RIKEN</a> </td> <td>RIKEN<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></td> <td>Superconducting</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>53 effective (64 total)<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> </td> <td>March 27, 2023</td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td>SaxonQ </td> <td>Princess </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen-vacancy_center" title="Nitrogen-vacancy center">Nitrogen-vacancy center</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>4<a href="#cite_note-SaxonQ_Princess-62">[62]</a> </td> <td>June 26, 2024 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SpinQ </td> <td>Triangulum </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_quantum_computer" title="Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer">Nuclear magnetic resonance</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>3<a href="#cite_note-Triangulum_SpinQ-63">[63]</a> </td> <td>September 2021 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Science_and_Technology_of_China" title="University of Science and Technology of China">USTC</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiuzhang_(quantum_computer)" title="Jiuzhang (quantum computer)">Jiuzhang</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linear_optical_quantum_computing" title="Linear optical quantum computing">Photonics</a></td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>76<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></td> <td>2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Science_and_Technology_of_China" title="University of Science and Technology of China">USTC</a> </td> <td>Zuchongzhi</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a></td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>62<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> </td> <td>2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Science_and_Technology_of_China" title="University of Science and Technology of China">USTC</a> </td> <td>Zuchongzhi 2.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> </td> <td>lattice<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> </td> <td>99.86 (Single-qubit gates) 99.41 (Two-qubit gates) 95.48 (Readout) </td> <td>66<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> </td> <td>2021 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Science_and_Technology_of_China" title="University of Science and Technology of China">USTC</a> </td> <td>Zuchongzhi 3.0<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a> transmon </td> <td>15 x 7 </td> <td>99.90 (Single-qubit gates) 99.62 (Two-qubit gates) 99.18 (Readout) </td> <td>105 </td> <td>December 16, 2024 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xanadu_Quantum_Technologies" title="Xanadu Quantum Technologies">Xanadu</a> </td> <td>Borealis<a href="#cite_note-:3-70">[70]</a> </td> <td>Photonics <a href="/wiki/Continuous-variable_quantum_information" title="Continuous-variable quantum information">(Continuous-variable)</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>216<a href="#cite_note-:3-70">[70]</a> </td> <td>2022<a href="#cite_note-:3-70">[70]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xanadu_Quantum_Technologies" title="Xanadu Quantum Technologies">Xanadu</a> </td> <td>X8 <a href="#cite_note-:2-71">[71]</a> </td> <td>Photonics <a href="/wiki/Continuous-variable_quantum_information" title="Continuous-variable quantum information">(Continuous-variable)</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>8 </td> <td>2020 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xanadu_Quantum_Technologies" title="Xanadu Quantum Technologies">Xanadu</a> </td> <td>X12 </td> <td>Photonics (Continuous-variable) </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>12 </td> <td>2020<a href="#cite_note-:2-71">[71]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xanadu_Quantum_Technologies" title="Xanadu Quantum Technologies">Xanadu</a> </td> <td>X24 </td> <td>Photonics (Continuous-variable) </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>24 </td> <td>2020<a href="#cite_note-:2-71">[71]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences">CAS</a> </td> <td>Xiaohong<a href="#cite_note-cd2604-72">[72]</a> </td> <td>Superconducting </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>504<a href="#cite_note-cd2604-72">[72]</a> </td> <td>2024 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annealing_quantum_processors">Annealing quantum processors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_quantum_processors&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Annealing quantum processors">edit</a>]</div> These QPUs are based on <a href="/wiki/Quantum_annealing" title="Quantum annealing">quantum annealing</a>, not to be confused with digital annealing.<a href="#cite_note-Digital_Annealing-73">[73]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Manufacturer</th> <th>Name/Codename /Designation </th> <th>Architecture</th> <th>Layout</th> <th>Fidelity (%)</th> <th>Qubits</th> <th>Release date </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/D-Wave_Systems" title="D-Wave Systems">D-Wave</a></td> <td>D-Wave One (Rainier)</td> <td>Superconducting</td> <td>C4 = Chimera(4,4,4)<a href="#cite_note-chimera-74">[74]</a> = 4×4 <a href="/wiki/Complete_bipartite_graph" title="Complete bipartite graph">K4,4</a></td> <td>N/A</td> <td>128</td> <td>May 11, 2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/D-Wave_Systems" title="D-Wave Systems">D-Wave</a></td> <td>D-Wave Two</td> <td>Superconducting</td> <td>C8 = Chimera(8,8,4)<a href="#cite_note-chimera-74">[74]</a> = 8×8 <a href="/wiki/Complete_bipartite_graph" title="Complete bipartite graph">K4,4</a></td> <td>N/A</td> <td>512</td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td>D-Wave</td> <td>D-Wave 2X</td> <td>Superconducting</td> <td>C12 = Chimera(12,12,4)<a href="#cite_note-chimera-74">[74]</a> = 12×12 K4,4</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>1152</td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td>D-Wave</td> <td>D-Wave 2000Q</td> <td>Superconducting</td> <td>C16 = Chimera(16,16,4)<a href="#cite_note-chimera-74">[74]</a> = 16×16 K4,4</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>2048</td> <td>2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>D-Wave</td> <td>D-Wave Advantage</td> <td>Superconducting</td> <td>Pegasus P16<a href="#cite_note-pegasusBoothby-75">[75]</a></td> <td>N/A</td> <td>5760</td> <td>2020 </td></tr> <tr> <td>D-Wave </td> <td><a href="/wiki/D-Wave_Systems#Advantage_2" title="D-Wave Systems">D-Wave Advantage 2</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-79">[79]</a> </td> <td>Superconducting<a href="#cite_note-:6-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-77">[77]</a> </td> <td>Zephyr Z15<a href="#cite_note-:13-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-:14-80">[80]</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>7440<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> </td> <td>2024<a href="#cite_note-:6-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-:11-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-:14-80">[80]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analog_quantum_processors">Analog quantum processors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_quantum_processors&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Analog quantum processors">edit</a>]</div> These QPUs are based on analog Hamiltonian simulation. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Manufacturer</th> <th>Name/Codename/Designation</th> <th>Architecture</th> <th>Layout</th> <th>Fidelity (%)</th> <th>Qubits</th> <th>Release date </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/QuEra_Computing_Inc." title="QuEra Computing Inc.">QuEra</a></td> <td>Aquila</td> <td>Neutral atoms</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>256<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></td> <td>November 2022 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_quantum_processors&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_programming" title="Quantum programming">Quantum programming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_quantum_computing_and_communication" title="Timeline of quantum computing and communication">Timeline of quantum computing and communication</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_quantum_processors&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CLOPS-1"><a href="#cite_ref-CLOPS_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved November 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dwavesys.com&rft.atitle=The+D-wave+Advantage2+Prototype+%3A+Technical+Report&rft.date=2022-06-09&rft.aulast=McGeoch&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.au=Farre%2C+Pau&rft.au=Boothby%2C+Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwavesys.com%2Fmedia%2Feixhdtpa%2F14-1063a-a_the_d-wave_advantage2_prototype-4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+quantum+processors" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_80-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dwavesys.com/company/newsroom/press-release/ahead-of-the-game-d-wave-delivers-prototype-of-next-generation-advantage2-annealing-quantum-computer/">"Ahead of the Game: D-Wave Delivers Prototype of Next-Generation Advantage2 Annealing Quantum Computer"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ahead+of+the+Game%3A+D-Wave+Delivers+Prototype+of+Next-Generation+Advantage2+Annealing+Quantum+Computer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwavesys.com%2Fcompany%2Fnewsroom%2Fpress-release%2Fahead-of-the-game-d-wave-delivers-prototype-of-next-generation-advantage2-annealing-quantum-computer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+quantum+processors" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.dwavesys.com/media/2uznec4s/14-1056a-a_zephyr_topology_of_d-wave_quantum_processors.pdf">https://www.dwavesys.com/media/2uznec4s/14-1056a-a_zephyr_topology_of_d-wave_quantum_processors.pdf</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2022" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Jane (2 November 2022). "Boston-based quantum computer QuEra joins Amazon's cloud for public access". Reuters.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Boston-based+quantum+computer+QuEra+joins+Amazon%27s+cloud+for+public+access&rft.date=2022-11-02&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+quantum+processors" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Quantum_information_science667" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Quantum_information" title="Template:Quantum information"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Quantum_information" title="Template talk:Quantum information"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Quantum_information" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Quantum information"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Quantum_information_science667" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Quantum_information_science" title="Quantum information science">Quantum information science</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DiVincenzo%27s_criteria" title="DiVincenzo's criteria">DiVincenzo's criteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noisy_intermediate-scale_quantum_era" title="Noisy intermediate-scale quantum era">NISQ era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_computing" title="Quantum computing">Quantum computing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_quantum_computing_and_communication" title="Timeline of quantum computing and communication">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_information" title="Quantum information">Quantum information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_programming" title="Quantum programming">Quantum programming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_simulator" title="Quantum simulator">Quantum simulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qubit" title="Qubit">Qubit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physical_and_logical_qubits" title="Physical and logical qubits">physical vs. logical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quantum processors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloud-based_quantum_computing" title="Cloud-based quantum computing">cloud-based</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theorems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell%27s_theorem" title="Bell's theorem">Bell's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastin%E2%80%93Knill_theorem" title="Eastin–Knill theorem">Eastin–Knill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gleason%27s_theorem" title="Gleason's theorem">Gleason's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottesman%E2%80%93Knill_theorem" title="Gottesman–Knill theorem">Gottesman–Knill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holevo%27s_theorem" title="Holevo's theorem">Holevo's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-broadcasting_theorem" title="No-broadcasting theorem">No-broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-cloning_theorem" title="No-cloning theorem">No-cloning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-communication_theorem" title="No-communication theorem">No-communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-deleting_theorem" title="No-deleting theorem">No-deleting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-hiding_theorem" title="No-hiding theorem">No-hiding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-teleportation_theorem" title="No-teleportation theorem">No-teleportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBR_theorem" class="mw-redirect" title="PBR theorem">PBR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_speed_limit_theorems" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantum speed limit theorems">Quantum speed limit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threshold_theorem" title="Threshold theorem">Threshold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solovay%E2%80%93Kitaev_theorem" title="Solovay–Kitaev theorem">Solovay–Kitaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%E2%80%93HJW_theorem" title="Schrödinger–HJW theorem">Purification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Quantum communication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_capacity" title="Classical capacity">Classical capacity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entanglement-assisted_classical_capacity" title="Entanglement-assisted classical capacity">entanglement-assisted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_capacity" title="Quantum capacity">quantum capacity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entanglement_distillation" title="Entanglement distillation">Entanglement distillation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entanglement_swapping" title="Entanglement swapping">Entanglement swapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monogamy_of_entanglement" title="Monogamy of entanglement">Monogamy of entanglement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOCC" title="LOCC">LOCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_channel" title="Quantum channel">Quantum channel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_network" title="Quantum network">quantum network</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_teleportation" title="Quantum teleportation">Quantum teleportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_gate_teleportation" title="Quantum gate teleportation">quantum gate teleportation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superdense_coding" title="Superdense coding">Superdense coding</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Quantum_cryptography24" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quantum_cryptography" title="Quantum cryptography">Quantum cryptography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-quantum_cryptography" title="Post-quantum cryptography">Post-quantum cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_coin_flipping" title="Quantum coin flipping">Quantum coin flipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_money" title="Quantum money">Quantum money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_key_distribution" title="Quantum key distribution">Quantum key distribution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BB84" title="BB84">BB84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARG04" title="SARG04">SARG04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_quantum_key_distribution_protocols" title="List of quantum key distribution protocols">other protocols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_secret_sharing" title="Quantum secret sharing">Quantum secret sharing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quantum_algorithm" title="Quantum algorithm">Quantum algorithms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amplitude_amplification" title="Amplitude amplification">Amplitude amplification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernstein%E2%80%93Vazirani_algorithm" title="Bernstein–Vazirani algorithm">Bernstein–Vazirani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BHT_algorithm" title="BHT algorithm">BHT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boson_sampling" title="Boson sampling">Boson sampling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsch%E2%80%93Jozsa_algorithm" title="Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm">Deutsch–Jozsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover%27s_algorithm" title="Grover's algorithm">Grover's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HHL_algorithm" title="HHL algorithm">HHL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_subgroup_problem" title="Hidden subgroup problem">Hidden subgroup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_annealing" title="Quantum annealing">Quantum annealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_counting_algorithm" title="Quantum counting algorithm">Quantum counting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_Fourier_transform" title="Quantum Fourier transform">Quantum Fourier transform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_optimization_algorithms" title="Quantum optimization algorithms">Quantum optimization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_phase_estimation_algorithm" title="Quantum phase estimation algorithm">Quantum phase estimation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shor%27s_algorithm" title="Shor's algorithm">Shor's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon%27s_problem" title="Simon's problem">Simon's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variational_quantum_eigensolver" title="Variational quantum eigensolver">VQE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quantum_complexity_theory" title="Quantum complexity theory">Quantum complexity theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BQP" title="BQP">BQP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exact_quantum_polynomial_time" title="Exact quantum polynomial time">EQP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QIP_(complexity)" title="QIP (complexity)">QIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QMA" title="QMA">QMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostBQP" title="PostBQP">PostBQP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Quantum processor benchmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_supremacy" title="Quantum supremacy">Quantum supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_volume" title="Quantum volume">Quantum volume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randomized_benchmarking" title="Randomized benchmarking">Randomized benchmarking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-entropy_benchmarking" title="Cross-entropy benchmarking">XEB</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relaxation_(NMR)" title="Relaxation (NMR)">Relaxation times</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spin%E2%80%93lattice_relaxation" title="Spin–lattice relaxation">T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spin%E2%80%93spin_relaxation" title="Spin–spin relaxation">T2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Quantum <a href="/wiki/Model_of_computation" title="Model of computation">computing models</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adiabatic_quantum_computation" title="Adiabatic quantum computation">Adiabatic quantum computation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuous-variable_quantum_information" title="Continuous-variable quantum information">Continuous-variable quantum information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-way_quantum_computer" title="One-way quantum computer">One-way quantum computer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_state" title="Cluster state">cluster state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_circuit" title="Quantum circuit">Quantum circuit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_logic_gate" title="Quantum logic gate">quantum logic gate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_machine_learning" title="Quantum machine learning">Quantum machine learning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_neural_network" title="Quantum neural network">quantum neural network</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_Turing_machine" title="Quantum Turing machine">Quantum Turing machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topological_quantum_computer" title="Topological quantum computer">Topological quantum computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamiltonian_quantum_computation" title="Hamiltonian quantum computation">Hamiltonian quantum computation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quantum_error_correction" title="Quantum error correction">Quantum error correction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Codes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS_code" title="CSS code">CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_convolutional_code" title="Quantum convolutional code">quantum convolutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabilizer_code" title="Stabilizer code">stabilizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shor_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Shor code">Shor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacon%E2%80%93Shor_code" title="Bacon–Shor code">Bacon–Shor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steane_code" title="Steane code">Steane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toric_code" title="Toric code">Toric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnu_code" title="Gnu code">gnu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entanglement-assisted_stabilizer_formalism" title="Entanglement-assisted stabilizer formalism">Entanglement-assisted</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical implementations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quantum_optics" title="Quantum optics">Quantum optics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavity_quantum_electrodynamics" title="Cavity quantum electrodynamics">Cavity QED</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_quantum_electrodynamics" title="Circuit quantum electrodynamics">Circuit QED</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_optical_quantum_computing" title="Linear optical quantum computing">Linear optical QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLM_protocol" title="KLM protocol">KLM protocol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ultracold_atom" title="Ultracold atom">Ultracold atoms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_atom_quantum_computer" title="Neutral atom quantum computer">Neutral atom QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trapped-ion_quantum_computer" title="Trapped-ion quantum computer">Trapped-ion QC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spin_(physics)" title="Spin (physics)">Spin</a>-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kane_quantum_computer" title="Kane quantum computer">Kane QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spin_qubit_quantum_computer" title="Spin qubit quantum computer">Spin qubit QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen-vacancy_center" title="Nitrogen-vacancy center">NV center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_quantum_computer" title="Nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer">NMR QC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing" title="Superconducting quantum computing">Superconducting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charge_qubit" title="Charge qubit">Charge qubit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flux_qubit" title="Flux qubit">Flux qubit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phase_qubit" title="Phase qubit">Phase qubit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmon" title="Transmon">Transmon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quantum_programming" title="Quantum programming">Quantum programming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OpenQASM" title="OpenQASM">OpenQASM</a>–<a href="/wiki/Qiskit" title="Qiskit">Qiskit</a>–<a href="/wiki/IBM_Quantum_Experience" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Quantum Experience">IBM QX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quil_(instruction_set_architecture)" title="Quil (instruction set architecture)">Quil</a>–<a href="/wiki/Rigetti_Computing" title="Rigetti Computing">Forest/Rigetti QCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirq" title="Cirq">Cirq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_Sharp" title="Q Sharp">Q#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libquantum" title="Libquantum">libquantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_programming" title="Quantum programming">many others...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Quantum_information_science" title="Category:Quantum information science">Quantum information science</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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