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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Jeugd_en_opleiding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jeugd_en_opleiding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Jeugd en opleiding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jeugd_en_opleiding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Start_wetenschappelijke_carrière" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Start_wetenschappelijke_carrière"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Start wetenschappelijke carrière</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Start_wetenschappelijke_carrière-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Start wetenschappelijke carrière-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Start_wetenschappelijke_carrière-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Promotie_en_het_Manhattanproject" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Promotie_en_het_Manhattanproject"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Promotie en het Manhattanproject</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Promotie_en_het_Manhattanproject-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-McCarthyisme_en_hoogleraar_in_Brazilië" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#McCarthyisme_en_hoogleraar_in_Brazilië"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>McCarthyisme en hoogleraar in Brazilië</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-McCarthyisme_en_hoogleraar_in_Brazilië-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emeritaat_en_overlijden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emeritaat_en_overlijden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Emeritaat en overlijden</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Beschikbaar in 38 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%85" title="ديفيد بوم – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديفيد بوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%85" title="ديفيد بوم – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ديفيد بوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%D9%85" title="دیوید بوهم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دیوید بوهم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE" title="ডেভিড বোম – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডেভিড বোম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%87%D9%85" title="دیوید بوهم – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیوید بوهم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9D" title="דייוויד בוהם – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דייוויד בוהם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" title="デヴィッド・ボーム – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デヴィッド・ボーム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%EB%B4%84" title="데이비드 봄 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="데이비드 봄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Дејвид Бом – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Дејвид Бом" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%AE" title="ਡੇਵਿਡ ਬੋਉਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡੇਵਿਡ ਬੋਉਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%88_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%85" title="ڈیوڈ بوؤم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈیوڈ بوؤم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC,_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Бом, Дэвид – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бом, Дэвид" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Дејвид Бом – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дејвид Бом" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm" title="David Bohm – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="David Bohm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E7%8E%BB%E5%A7%86" title="戴维·玻姆 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="戴维·玻姆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q310765#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="David Bohm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/David_Bohm.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="393" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="233" data-file-height="344" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:gainsboro; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3">Persoonsgegevens </th></tr> <tr> <th>Naam </th> <td colspan="2">David Joseph Bohm </td></tr> <tr> <th>Geboren </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wilkes-Barre" title="Wilkes-Barre">Wilkes-Barre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>), <a href="/wiki/20_december" title="20 december">20 december</a> <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Overleden </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a>, <a href="/wiki/27_oktober" title="27 oktober">27 oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Land </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Verenigd Koninkrijk">Verenigd Koninkrijk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Verenigde Staten</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Functie </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Filosoof" title="Filosoof">filosoof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theoretische_Natuurkunde" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoretische Natuurkunde"> theoretisch fysicus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:gainsboro; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Oriënterende gegevens </th></tr> <tr> <th>Discipline </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kwantumtheorie" title="Kwantumtheorie">Kwantumtheorie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurpsychologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neurpsychologie (de pagina bestaat niet)">Neurpsychologie</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Kennistheorie" title="Kennistheorie">Epistemologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fenomenologie" title="Fenomenologie">Fenomenologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontologie_(filosofie)" title="Ontologie (filosofie)">Ontologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taalfilosofie" title="Taalfilosofie">Taalfilosofie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Tijdperk </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hedendaagse_filosofie" title="Hedendaagse filosofie">Hedendaagse filosofie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Stroming </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Continentale_filosofie" title="Continentale filosofie">Continentale filosofie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Belangrijkste ideeën </th> <td colspan="2">Natuurkunde: <a href="/wiki/Aharonov-Bohm-effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Aharonov-Bohm-effect">Aharonov-Bohm-effect</a> <br /> Filosofie: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Impliciete_orde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impliciete orde (de pagina bestaat niet)">Impliciete orde</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Expliciete_orde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expliciete orde (de pagina bestaat niet)">Expliciete orde</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Reactie op </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Moderne_filosofie" title="Moderne filosofie">Moderne filosofie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Beïnvloed door </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Husserl" title="Edmund Husserl">Edmund Husserl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiddu_Krishnamurti" title="Jiddu Krishnamurti">Jiddu Krishnamurti</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Beïnvloedde </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_Bell" class="mw-redirect" title="John Stewart Bell">John Stewart Bell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Senge" title="Peter Senge">Peter Senge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Partij </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Communisme" title="Communisme">Communisme</a> (sympathie) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Levensbeschouwing </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jodendom" title="Jodendom">Joods</a> (geboorte), <a href="/wiki/Agnost" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnost">Agnost</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:gainsboro; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Filosofie" title="Portaal:Filosofie">Filosofie</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Natuurkunde" title="Portaal:Natuurkunde">Natuurkunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> <b>David Joseph Bohm</b> (<a href="/wiki/Wilkes-Barre" title="Wilkes-Barre">Wilkes-Barre</a>, <a href="/wiki/20_december" title="20 december">20 december</a> <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a> – <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a>, <a href="/wiki/27_oktober" title="27 oktober">27 oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>) was een in de <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verenigde Staten (hoofdbetekenis)">Verenigde Staten</a> geboren <a href="/wiki/Theoretische_natuurkunde" title="Theoretische natuurkunde"> theoretisch fysicus</a> en <a href="/wiki/Filosoof" title="Filosoof">filosoof</a>, die belangrijke bijdragen leverde op het gebied van de <a href="/wiki/Kwantumtheorie" title="Kwantumtheorie">kwantumtheorie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuropsychologie" title="Neuropsychologie">neuropsychologie</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Filosofie" title="Filosofie">filosofie</a>. Zijn interesse richtte zich voornamelijk op de aard van de werkelijkheid in het algemeen en van het bewustzijn in het bijzonder als een samenhangend geheel, dat volgens Bohm nooit statisch of volledig is.<sup id="cite_ref-wholeness_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wholeness-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bohm bracht de opvatting naar voren dat de <a href="/wiki/Kwantumtheorie" title="Kwantumtheorie">kwantumtheorie</a> betekende dat het oude <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes"> Cartesiaanse</a> model van de werkelijkheid – dat er twee soorten substantie zijn: de mentale en de fysieke, die op de een of andere manier met elkaar in wisselwerking staan – te beperkt was. Om het aan te vullen, ontwikkelde hij een wiskundige en fysische theorie van "impliciete" en "expliciete" orde.<sup id="cite_ref-wholeness_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wholeness-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hij waarschuwde voor de gevaren van het onbegrensde richten op <a href="/wiki/Rede" title="Rede">rede</a> en <a href="/wiki/Technologie" title="Technologie">technologie</a> en pleitte in plaats daarvan voor de noodzaak van een oprechte, ondersteunende dialoog. Bohm beweerde dat deze de conflicten en sociale verdeeldheid in de wereld zou kunnen verbreden en verenigen. Hierin weerspiegelde zijn <a href="/wiki/Kennisleer" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennisleer"> epistemologie</a> zijn <a href="/wiki/Ontologie_(filosofie)" title="Ontologie (filosofie)"> ontologie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vanwege zijn communistische banden was Bohm het onderwerp van een federaal overheidsonderzoek in 1949, wat hem ertoe bracht de Verenigde Staten te verlaten. Hij zette zijn wetenschappelijke carrière in verschillende landen voort en werd eerst Braziliaans en daarna Brits staatsburger. Hij nam afstand van het <a href="/wiki/Marxisme" title="Marxisme">marxisme</a> in de nasleep van de <a href="/wiki/Hongaarse_opstand" class="mw-redirect" title="Hongaarse opstand">Hongaarse opstand</a> in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jeugd_en_opleiding">Jeugd en opleiding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Bohm&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Jeugd en opleiding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Bohm&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Jeugd en opleiding"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bohm werd geboren als zoon van de <a href="/wiki/Hongarije" title="Hongarije">Hongaarse</a> immigrant Samuel Bohm en een <a href="/wiki/Litouwen" title="Litouwen">Litouwse</a> moeder. Zijn beide ouders waren van <a href="/wiki/Joden" title="Joden">Joodse</a> komaf.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hij werd voornamelijk opgevoed door zijn vader, die een meubelzaak had en de lokale <a href="/wiki/Rabbijn" title="Rabbijn">rabbijn</a> assisteerde. Ondanks zijn Joodse afkomst werd Bohm een <a href="/wiki/Agnost" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnost">agnost</a> gedurende zijn tienerjaren.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bohm studeerde aan het <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University#Early_years" title="Pennsylvania State University">Pennsylvania State College</a>. Hij voltooide zijn studie in 1939 en studeerde verder aan <a href="/wiki/California_Institute_of_Technology" title="California Institute of Technology">California Institute of Technology</a> gedurende één jaar. Hierna stapte hij over naar de <a href="/wiki/Theoretische_natuurkunde" title="Theoretische natuurkunde"> theoretisch fysica</a> en werkte hij onder supervisie van <a href="/wiki/Robert_Oppenheimer" title="Robert Oppenheimer">Robert Oppenheimer</a> aan zijn dissertatie. In 1943 zou hij zijn doctoraat verkrijgen aan de <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_-_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California - Berkeley">University of California - Berkeley</a>. </p><p>Bohm leefde in dezelfde buurt als enkele andere onderzoekers uit de groep van Oppenheimer (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Rossi_Lomanitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Rossi Lomanitz (de pagina bestaat niet)">Giovanni Rossi Lomanitz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Weinberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Weinberg (de pagina bestaat niet)">Joseph Weinberg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Friedman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Friedman (de pagina bestaat niet)">Max Friedman</a>) en raakte hierdoor meer en meer betrokken in de politiek. Hij was actief in <a href="/wiki/Communistische" class="mw-redirect" title="Communistische">communistische</a> organisaties, inclusief de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Communist_League,_USA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Young Communist League, USA (de pagina bestaat niet)">Young Communist League</a>, het campuscomité om dienstplicht te bestrijden en de Committee for Peace Mobilization. Tijdens zijn periode in het stralingslab had hij een relatie met <a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Goldstein</a> en hielp haar met het opzetten van een lokale afdeling van een kleine vakbond die gelieerd was aan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Congress_of_Industrial_Organizations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congress of Industrial Organizations (de pagina bestaat niet)">Congress of Industrial Organizations</a> (CIO).<sup id="cite_ref-Garber_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garber-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Start_wetenschappelijke_carrière"><span id="Start_wetenschappelijke_carri.C3.A8re"></span>Start wetenschappelijke carrière</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Bohm&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Start wetenschappelijke carrière" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Bohm&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Start wetenschappelijke carrière"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Promotie_en_het_Manhattanproject">Promotie en het Manhattanproject</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Bohm&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Promotie en het Manhattanproject" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Bohm&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Promotie en het Manhattanproject"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog">Tweede Wereldoorlog</a> raakten meerdere natuurkundigen van Berkeley betrokken bij het <a href="/wiki/Manhattanproject_(operatie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhattanproject (operatie)">Manhattanproject</a>, om onderzoek te doen naar het vervaardigen van de eerste <a href="/wiki/Atoombom" class="mw-redirect" title="Atoombom">atoombom</a>. Oppenheimer nodigde Bohm uit mee te werken in <a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a>, het geheime onderzoekslaboratorium waar aan de atoombom werd gewerkt, maar projectleider <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Groves" title="Leslie Groves">Leslie Groves</a> stond dit niet toe wegens Bohms politieke betrokkenheid en diens vriendschap met Weinberg, die van <a href="/wiki/Spionage" title="Spionage">spionage</a> werd verdacht. </p><p>Gedurende de rest van de oorlog bleef Bohm in Berkeley waar hij natuurkunde doceerde en onderzoek deed naar <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(aggregatietoestand)" title="Plasma (aggregatietoestand)">plasma</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Synchrotron" title="Synchrotron">synchrotron</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Synchrocyclotron" title="Synchrocyclotron">synchrocyclotron</a>. Tegen de tijd dat hij in 1943 zijn proefschrift afrondde, had zijn status als veiligheidsrisico verregaande invloed op zijn leven. Enkele van de bevindingen uit zijn dissertatie bleken waardevol voor het Manhattanproject en werden hierdoor meteen geclassificeerd. Hierdoor had hij geen toegang meer had tot zijn eigen onderzoek en was hij niet in staat zijn promotie af te ronden. Hij promoveerde pas nadat Oppenheimer de natuurkundeafdeling van Berkeley had verzekerd dat het werk van Bohm de graad waardig was. Ondanks zijn veiligheidsproblemen bleef hij gedurende 1943 aan het Manhattanproject werken. Nadat hij het project had verlaten, bleef hij tot 1946 in Berkeley als postdoc. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="McCarthyisme_en_hoogleraar_in_Brazilië"><span id="McCarthyisme_en_hoogleraar_in_Brazili.C3.AB"></span>McCarthyisme en hoogleraar in Brazilië</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Bohm&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: McCarthyisme en hoogleraar in Brazilië" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Bohm&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: McCarthyisme en hoogleraar in Brazilië"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nadien werd Bohm universitair docent op <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> en werkte daar nauw samen met <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> van het nabije <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>. In het voorjaar van 1949 riep het <a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Un-American Activities Committee"> HUAC</a> Bohm op om te getuigen vanwege zijn eerdere banden met vakbonden en communisten. Bohm beriep zich op het <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amendement_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amendement V (de pagina bestaat niet)">Vijfde amendement</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Grondwet_van_de_Verenigde_Staten" title="Grondwet van de Verenigde Staten">Amerikaanse grondwet</a> en weigerde te getuigen en daarmee bewijs te verschaffen tegen zijn collega's. Dit leidde ertoe dat Bohm in 1950 werd gearresteerd. Bohm werd in mei 1951 vrijgesproken, maar was intussen al door Princeton geschorst. Na zijn vrijspraak probeerden Bohms collega's van Princeton hem in ere te herstellen. Dit bleek tevergeefs; de <a href="/wiki/Rector_magnificus" title="Rector magnificus">rector magnificus</a> van Princeton, Harold W. Dodds, besloot Bohms contract niet te verlengen.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoewel Einstein voorstelde om Bohm als onderzoeksassistent aan te nemen bij het Institute for Advanced Study, stelde Oppenheimer (die sinds 1947 directeur was van IAS) een tegenstander te zijn van het idee en [...] adviseerde zijn voormalig promovendus om het land te verlaten.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zijn verzoek om naar de <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Manchester" title="Universiteit van Manchester">Universiteit van Manchester</a> te gaan kreeg steun van Einstein, maar vond geen doorgang.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bohm vertrok op uitnodiging van de Braziliaanse fysicus <a href="/wiki/Jayme_Tiomno" title="Jayme Tiomno">Jayme Tiomno</a> naar <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Universiteit van São Paulo">Universidade de São Paulo</a>, waar hij hoogleraar in de natuurkunde werd. Zijn kandidatuur voor deze leerstoel werd ondersteund door zowel Oppenheimer als Einstein. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emeritaat_en_overlijden">Emeritaat en overlijden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Bohm&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Emeritaat en overlijden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Bohm&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Emeritaat en overlijden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1987 ging Bohm met <a href="/wiki/Emeritaat" title="Emeritaat">emeritaat</a>, al zette hij zijn werkzaamheden binnen de kwantumtheorie nog voort. Zijn laatste werk, <i>The Undivided Universe: An Ontological Interpretation of Quantum Theory</i> dat in 1993 postuum werd gepubliceerd, was het resultaat van een decennialange samenwerking met <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basil_Hiley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basil Hiley (de pagina bestaat niet)">Basil Hiley</a>. Hij gaf ook publieke lezingen in Europa en Noord-Amerika om het belang van de dialoog te benadrukken, als een vorm van <a href="/wiki/Sociotherapie" title="Sociotherapie">sociotherapie</a>, een concept dat hij leende van de Londense psychiater en beoefenaar van groepsanalyse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_de_Mar%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick de Maré (de pagina bestaat niet)">Patrick de Maré</a>. Ook had hij een reeks ontmoetingen met de <a href="/wiki/Tenzin_Gyatso_(dalai_lama)" title="Tenzin Gyatso (dalai lama)">Dalai Lama</a>. In 1990 werd hij verkozen tot <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a>. </p><p>Tegen het einde van zijn leven, kreeg Bohm last van een <a href="/wiki/Depressie_(klinisch)" title="Depressie (klinisch)">depressie</a>; hij had hier al eerder mee te maken gehad. Hij werd op 10 mei 1991 opgenomen in het Maudsley Hospital in Londen, waar zijn conditie verslechterde. Alleen een behandeling met <a href="/wiki/Elektroconvulsietherapie" title="Elektroconvulsietherapie">elektroconvulsietherapie </a> leek nog enige kans op slagen te hebben. Bohms echtgenote zocht en vond bevestiging bij de psychiater David Shainberg, een levenslange vriend van Bohm. Er trad inderdaad enige verbetering op in zijn situatie en Bohm werd op 29 augustus ontslagen. Helaas keerde zijn depressie terug en hiervoor werd hij behandeld met medicatie.<sup id="cite_ref-F._David_Peat_1997,_pp._308–317_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F._David_Peat_1997,_pp._308–317-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1992 overleed Bohm op 74-jarige leeftijd na een <a href="/wiki/Hartinfarct" title="Hartinfarct">hartinfarct</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-F._David_Peat_1997,_pp._308–317_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-F._David_Peat_1997,_pp._308–317-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <ul><li>Dit artikel of een eerdere versie ervan is een (gedeeltelijke) vertaling van het artikel <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm?oldid=364173089">David Bohm</a> op de Engelstalige Wikipedia, dat onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a> valt. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bohm?offset=20100525235959&action=history">bewerkingsgeschiedenis</a></span> aldaar.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r66936091">.mw-parser-output .error-bronvermelding{color:#ff0000;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .error-bronvermelding span{font-size:larger}</style></li></ul> <div class="reflist" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;-moz-column-width:30em; -webkit-column-width:30em; column-width:30em; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wholeness-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-wholeness_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wholeness_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Bohm: <i>Wholeness and the Implicate Order</i>, Routledge, 1980 (<span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780415289788" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780415289788">ISBN 9780415289788</a></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Bohm: <i>On Dialogue</i>, Routledge, 1996 (<span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780415149112" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780415149112">ISBN 9780415149112</a></span>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFBecker2018_115"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Becker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam Becker (de pagina bestaat niet)"> Becker, Adam</a></span> (2018). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whatisrealunfini0000beck_l8h8">What is Real?: The Unfinished Quest for the Meaning of Quantum Physics</a></i></cite>. Basic Books, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whatisrealunfini0000beck_l8h8/page/115">115</a>. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780465096053" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780465096053">ISBN 9780465096053</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFFreire_Junior2019_37"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olival_Freire_Junior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olival Freire Junior (de pagina bestaat niet)"> Freire Junior, Olival</a></span> (2019). <cite><i>David Bohm:A Life Dedicated to Understanding the Quantum World</i></cite>. Springer, p. 37. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9783030227142" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9783030227142">ISBN 9783030227142</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100702014144/http://ed.augie.edu/~wjdelfs/381bohm.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20100702014144/http://ed.augie.edu/~wjdelfs/381bohm.htm</a> - By the Numbers – David Bohm</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF1997_21"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._David_Peat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. David Peat (de pagina bestaat niet)"> F. David Peat</a></span> (1997). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/infinitepotentia0000peat">Infinite Potential: The Life And Times of David Bohm</a></i></cite>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basic_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basic Books (de pagina bestaat niet)">Basic Books</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/infinitepotentia0000peat/page/21">21</a>. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-201-32820-2" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-0-201-32820-2">ISBN 978-0-201-32820-2</a></span> "If he identified Jewish lore and customs with his father, then this was a way he would distance himself from Samuel. By the time he reached his late teens, he had become firmly agnostic."</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garber-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Garber_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFGarberWalkowitz1995_130–131"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Garber, Marjorie</span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">, Walkowitz, Rebecca</span> (1995). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ae2OAQAAQBAJ">Secret Agents: The Rosenberg Case, McCarthyism and Fifties America</a></i></cite>. Routledge, New York, 130–131. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9781135206949" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9781135206949">ISBN 9781135206949</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331175041/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ae2OAQAAQBAJ">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-03-31">31 maart 2022</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Russell Olwell: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/sts/pubs/pdfs/MIT_STS_WorkingPaper_20_Olwell.pdf"><i>Physics and Politics in Cold War America: The Two Exiles of David Bohm</i></a>, Working Paper Number 20. Program in Science, Technology, and Society. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160820173643/http://web.mit.edu/sts/pubs/pdfs/MIT_STS_WorkingPaper_20_Olwell.pdf">Gearchiveerd</a> op 20 augustus 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFKumar2010"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kumar, Manjit</span> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2010-05-24">24 mei 2010</span>). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1TutRoSE2XcC&q=bohm+einstein+oppenheimer&pg=PR130">Quantum: Einstein, Bohr, and the Great Debate about the Nature of Reality</a></i></cite>. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780393080094" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780393080094">ISBN 9780393080094</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230621105046/https://books.google.com/books?id=1TutRoSE2XcC&q=bohm+einstein+oppenheimer&pg=PR130">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2023-06-21">21 juni 2023</span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Albert Einstein to Patrick Blackett, 17 April 1951 (Albert Einstein archives). Cited after <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olival_Freire,_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olival Freire, Jr. (de pagina bestaat niet)">Olival Freire, Jr.</a>: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120326192406/http://www.controversia.fis.ufba.br/index_arquivos/Freire-Bohm-HSPS.pdf">Science and Exile: David Bohm, the cold war, and a new interpretation of quantum mechanics</a></i>, HSPS, vol. 36, Part 1, pp. 1–34, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0890-9997">0890-9997</a>, 2005, see footnote 8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120326192406/http://www.controversia.fis.ufba.br/index_arquivos/Freire-Bohm-HSPS.pdf">Gearchiveerd</a> op 26 maart 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-F._David_Peat_1997,_pp._308–317-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-F._David_Peat_1997,_pp._308–317_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-F._David_Peat_1997,_pp._308–317_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">F. David Peat, <i>Infinite Potential: The Life and Times of David Bohm</i>, Reading, Massachusetts: Addison Wesley, 1997, pp. 308–317. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0201328208" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0201328208">ISBN 0201328208</a></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Bohm&oldid=66629544">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Bohm&oldid=66629544</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Amerikaans_natuurkundige" title="Categorie:Amerikaans natuurkundige">Amerikaans natuurkundige</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Brits_natuurkundige" title="Categorie:Brits natuurkundige">Brits natuurkundige</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Amerikaans_filosoof" title="Categorie:Amerikaans filosoof">Amerikaans filosoof</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Brits_filosoof" title="Categorie:Brits filosoof">Brits filosoof</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Theoretisch_natuurkundige" title="Categorie:Theoretisch natuurkundige">Theoretisch natuurkundige</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Persoon_in_het_Manhattanproject" title="Categorie:Persoon in het Manhattanproject">Persoon in het Manhattanproject</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 23 dec 2023 om 00:20.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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