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Public Health)</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">5,563 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Global Public Health (History of Public Health)</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" 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Man of Asia to Sick Uncle Sam"</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This opinion piece responds to the current Covid-19 pandemic by emphasizing the role reversal between East Asian countries and the US in terms of medical governance that the success of the former and failure of the latter to respond... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43899375" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This opinion piece responds to the current Covid-19 pandemic by emphasizing the role reversal between East Asian countries and the US in terms of medical governance that  the success of the former and failure of the latter to respond effectively to this epidemic have revealed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div 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the latter to respond effectively to this epidemic have revealed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64222956,"asset_id":43899375,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49226087,"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Hanson","domain_name":"johnshopkins","page_name":"MHanson","display_name":"Marta Hanson","profile_url":"https://johnshopkins.academia.edu/MHanson?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49226087/15386126/16023268/s65_marta.hanson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37886319" data-work_id="37886319" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37886319/La_ciudad_en_los_tiempos_del_c%C3%B3lera_medicina_sociedad_raza_y_pol%C3%ADtica_en_la_Cartagena_de_mediados_del_siglo_XIX">La ciudad en los tiempos del cólera: medicina, sociedad, raza y política en la Cartagena de mediados del siglo XIX</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Este capítulo analiza el arribo de la epidemia de cólera en 1849, los discursos médicos y debates políticos que surgieron en torno a la misma, y como los sectores negros y mulatos de la ciudad se vieron impactados con mayor severidad.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37886319" data-share-source="work_strip" 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class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_303656" data-work_id="303656" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/303656/Una_regione_ospedale_Medicina_e_sanit%C3%A1_in_Emilia_Romagna_durante_la_Prima_guerra_Mondiale">Una regione ospedale. Medicina e sanitá in Emilia-Romagna durante la Prima guerra Mondiale</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Mobilising the "young" Kingdom of Italy for the Great War meant mobilising its medicine and health care structures as well. The provinces of Regione Emilia-Romagna were not only right behind the Italian-Austrian Front but also hosted the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_303656" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Mobilising the "young" Kingdom of Italy for the Great War meant mobilising its medicine and health care structures as well. The provinces of Regione Emilia-Romagna were not only right behind the Italian-Austrian Front but also hosted the oldest universities of the world together with their well established medicine and science research departments. These provinces were used as laboratories for further developments of medicine, surgery, psychiatry, hygiene, thus serving both warfare and civilian health care: although in many cases civilian health had to be sacrificed to military health, research and investments forged local structures and stimulated local authorities, leading to a modernisation and general improvement of medical research and public health care for Emilia-Romagna and partially for Italy. <br />The book (co-written by editors Fabio Montella, Francesco Paolella and Felicita Ratti together with co-authors Michele Bellelli, Mirtide Gavelli, Fiorenza Tarozzi) presents several local case studies analysed in a national and transnational perspective, also including comparative studies and entangled histories.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/303656" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4c5b07a97ea82de7b390c06dd489456c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":1794965,"asset_id":303656,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1794965/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="236319" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FelicitaRatti">Felicita Ratti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="236319" type="text/json">{"id":236319,"first_name":"Felicita","last_name":"Ratti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FelicitaRatti","display_name":"Felicita Ratti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FelicitaRatti?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/236319/51854/624591/s65_felicita.ratti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_303656 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="303656"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 303656, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_303656", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=303656]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_303656").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_303656").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="303656"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1745" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Italian_History">Modern Italian History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1745" type="text/json">{"id":1745,"name":"Modern Italian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Italian_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2273" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine">History of Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2273" type="text/json">{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5878" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism">Nationalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5878" type="text/json">{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6182" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Psychiatry">History of Psychiatry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6182" type="text/json">{"id":6182,"name":"History of Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Psychiatry?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=303656]'), work: {"id":303656,"title":"Una regione ospedale. Medicina e sanitá in Emilia-Romagna durante la Prima guerra Mondiale","created_at":"2010-08-21T03:39:28.554-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/303656/Una_regione_ospedale_Medicina_e_sanit%C3%A1_in_Emilia_Romagna_durante_la_Prima_guerra_Mondiale?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_303656","summary":"Mobilising the \"young\" Kingdom of Italy for the Great War meant mobilising its medicine and health care structures as well. The provinces of Regione Emilia-Romagna were not only right behind the Italian-Austrian Front but also hosted the oldest universities of the world together with their well established medicine and science research departments. These provinces were used as laboratories for further developments of medicine, surgery, psychiatry, hygiene, thus serving both warfare and civilian health care: although in many cases civilian health had to be sacrificed to military health, research and investments forged local structures and stimulated local authorities, leading to a modernisation and general improvement of medical research and public health care for Emilia-Romagna and partially for Italy.\r\nThe book (co-written by editors Fabio Montella, Francesco Paolella and Felicita Ratti together with co-authors Michele Bellelli, Mirtide Gavelli, Fiorenza Tarozzi) presents several local case studies analysed in a national and transnational perspective, also including comparative studies and entangled histories.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":1794965,"asset_id":303656,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":236319,"first_name":"Felicita","last_name":"Ratti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FelicitaRatti","display_name":"Felicita Ratti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FelicitaRatti?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/236319/51854/624591/s65_felicita.ratti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1745,"name":"Modern Italian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Italian_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":6182,"name":"History of Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Psychiatry?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":6553,"name":"History of Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Public_Health?f_ri=28589"},{"id":11195,"name":"History of Este's Duchy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Estes_Duchy?f_ri=28589"},{"id":15263,"name":"First World War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/First_World_War?f_ri=28589"},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=28589"},{"id":17960,"name":"Infectious Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_Diseases?f_ri=28589"},{"id":26637,"name":"Trench Warfare (First World War)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trench_Warfare_First_World_War_?f_ri=28589"},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589"},{"id":48096,"name":"History of international organisations and transnational networks in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. League of Nations history. Interconnections between international and environmental history, esp. history of epidemics and epizootics.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_international_organisations_and_transnational_networks_in_the_nineteenth_and_twentieth_ce?f_ri=28589"},{"id":78120,"name":"Pandemic flu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pandemic_flu?f_ri=28589"},{"id":80224,"name":"Spanish Flu","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Flu?f_ri=28589"},{"id":84736,"name":"History of Health and Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Health_and_Disease?f_ri=28589"},{"id":919748,"name":"Spanish Influenza","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Influenza?f_ri=28589"},{"id":919749,"name":"Spanische Grippe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanische_Grippe?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33263821 coauthored" data-work_id="33263821" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33263821/Plague_and_Contagion_in_the_Islamic_Mediterranean_New_Histories_of_Disease_in_Ottoman_Society_Kalamazoo_MI_ARC_Humanities_Press_2017_">Plague and Contagion in the Islamic Mediterranean: New Histories of Disease in Ottoman Society (Kalamazoo, MI: ARC Humanities Press, 2017)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This volume discusses diseases that affected human and non-human populations in areas stretching from the Red Sea and Egypt to Anatolia, the Balkans, and the Black Sea, in the early modern and modern eras.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a 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class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="103849" href="https://newark-rutgers.academia.edu/NUKHETVARLIK">NUKHET VARLIK</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="103849" type="text/json">{"id":103849,"first_name":"NUKHET","last_name":"VARLIK","domain_name":"newark-rutgers","page_name":"NUKHETVARLIK","display_name":"NUKHET VARLIK","profile_url":"https://newark-rutgers.academia.edu/NUKHETVARLIK?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/103849/6552403/11240018/s65_nukhet.varlik.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-33263821">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-33263821"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/SamWhite">Sam White</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://ibnhaldun.academia.edu/G%C3%BCnhanB%C3%B6rek%C3%A7i">günhan börekçi</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://risd.academia.edu/AndrewRobarts">Andrew Robarts</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-33263821'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-33263821').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33263821 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33263821"><i class="u-m1x fa 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History">Ottoman History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1187" type="text/json">{"id":1187,"name":"Ottoman History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2273" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine">History of Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2273" type="text/json">{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3233" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Studies">Animal Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3233" type="text/json">{"id":3233,"name":"Animal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Studies?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33263821]'), work: {"id":33263821,"title":"Plague and Contagion in the Islamic Mediterranean: New Histories of Disease in Ottoman Society (Kalamazoo, MI: ARC Humanities Press, 2017)","created_at":"2017-05-30T10:25:55.035-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33263821/Plague_and_Contagion_in_the_Islamic_Mediterranean_New_Histories_of_Disease_in_Ottoman_Society_Kalamazoo_MI_ARC_Humanities_Press_2017_?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_33263821","summary":"This volume discusses diseases that affected human and non-human populations in areas stretching from the Red Sea and Egypt to Anatolia, the Balkans, and the Black Sea, in the early modern and modern eras.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53333635,"asset_id":33263821,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":103849,"first_name":"NUKHET","last_name":"VARLIK","domain_name":"newark-rutgers","page_name":"NUKHETVARLIK","display_name":"NUKHET 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Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589"},{"id":33808,"name":"Black Sea Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Sea_Studies?f_ri=28589"},{"id":46788,"name":"Black Death","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Death?f_ri=28589"},{"id":157276,"name":"Quarantine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quarantine?f_ri=28589"},{"id":207823,"name":"Cholera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cholera?f_ri=28589"},{"id":1532112,"name":"Global Health History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health_History?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44635538 coauthored" data-work_id="44635538" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44635538/Mal_da_Lavoro_Storia_della_salute_dei_lavoratori">Mal da Lavoro-Storia della salute dei lavoratori</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Dall'Unità d'Italia ad oggi una visione sintetica dei problemi che hanno afflitto la salute e la sicurezza dei lavoratori italiani. Ampia bibliografia.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44635538" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d6a8d819b81d7fdd80892cce8fa97594" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65105912,"asset_id":44635538,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65105912/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3419228" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CarnevaleFrancesco1">Carnevale Francesco</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3419228" type="text/json">{"id":3419228,"first_name":"Carnevale","last_name":"Francesco","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CarnevaleFrancesco1","display_name":"Carnevale Francesco","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CarnevaleFrancesco1?f_ri=28589","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-44635538">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-44635538"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ABaldasseroni">Alberto Baldasseroni</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-44635538'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-44635538').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44635538 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44635538"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44635538, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44635538", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44635538 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44635538; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44635538"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44635538 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44635538"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44635538; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44635538]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44635538").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44635538").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44635538"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2273" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine">History of Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2273" type="text/json">{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5176" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_history">Labour history</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5176" type="text/json">{"id":5176,"name":"Labour history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_history?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15588" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History">Social History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15588" type="text/json">{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28589" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_">Global Public Health (History of Public Health)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28589" type="text/json">{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44635538]'), work: {"id":44635538,"title":"Mal da Lavoro-Storia della salute dei lavoratori","created_at":"2020-12-04T07:40:27.375-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44635538/Mal_da_Lavoro_Storia_della_salute_dei_lavoratori?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_44635538","summary":"Dall'Unità d'Italia ad oggi una visione sintetica dei problemi che hanno afflitto la salute e la sicurezza dei lavoratori italiani. Ampia bibliografia.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65105912,"asset_id":44635538,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3419228,"first_name":"Carnevale","last_name":"Francesco","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"CarnevaleFrancesco1","display_name":"Carnevale Francesco","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CarnevaleFrancesco1?f_ri=28589","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":5904885,"first_name":"Alberto","last_name":"Baldasseroni","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ABaldasseroni","display_name":"Alberto Baldasseroni","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ABaldasseroni?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5904885/2805967/3272616/s65_alberto.baldasseroni.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":5176,"name":"Labour history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_history?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":35114,"name":"Industrial Hygiene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Hygiene?f_ri=28589"},{"id":214009,"name":"Histoire de la médecine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Histoire_de_la_medecine?f_ri=28589"},{"id":574062,"name":"History of occupational health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_occupational_health?f_ri=28589"},{"id":962276,"name":"Occupational Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Diseases?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_873912" data-work_id="873912" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/873912/Revolutionary_Medicine_Health_and_the_Body_in_Post_Soviet_Cuba">Revolutionary Medicine: Health and the Body in Post-Soviet Cuba</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Revolutionary Medicine is a richly textured examination of the ways that Cuba's public health care system has changed during the past two decades and of the meaning of those changes for ordinary Cubans. Until the Soviet bloc collapsed in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_873912" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Revolutionary Medicine is a richly textured examination of the ways that Cuba's public health care system has changed during the past two decades and of the meaning of those changes for ordinary Cubans. Until the Soviet bloc collapsed in 1989, socialist Cuba encouraged citizens to view access to health care as a human right and the state's responsibility to provide it as a moral imperative. Since the loss of Soviet subsidies and the tightening of the U.S. economic embargo, Cuba's government has found it hard to provide the high-quality universal medical care that was so central to the revolutionary socialist project. In Revolutionary Medicine, P. Sean Brotherton deftly integrates theory and history with ethnographic research in Havana, including interviews with family physicians, public health officials, research scientists, and citizens seeking medical care. He describes how the deterioration of health and social welfare programs has led Cubans to seek health care through informal arrangements, as well as state-sponsored programs. Their creative, resourceful pursuit of health and well-being provides insight into how they navigate, adapt to, and pragmatically cope with the rapid social, economic, and political changes in post-Soviet Cuba.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/873912" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e23327b3ba9965c3a7dfdff236f1b767" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30157725,"asset_id":873912,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30157725/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="410012" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/PSeanBrotherton">P. Sean Brotherton</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="410012" type="text/json">{"id":410012,"first_name":"P. Sean","last_name":"Brotherton","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"PSeanBrotherton","display_name":"P. 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Until the Soviet bloc collapsed in 1989, socialist Cuba encouraged citizens to view access to health care as a human right and the state's responsibility to provide it as a moral imperative. Since the loss of Soviet subsidies and the tightening of the U.S. economic embargo, Cuba's government has found it hard to provide the high-quality universal medical care that was so central to the revolutionary socialist project. In Revolutionary Medicine, P. Sean Brotherton deftly integrates theory and history with ethnographic research in Havana, including interviews with family physicians, public health officials, research scientists, and citizens seeking medical care. He describes how the deterioration of health and social welfare programs has led Cubans to seek health care through informal arrangements, as well as state-sponsored programs. Their creative, resourceful pursuit of health and well-being provides insight into how they navigate, adapt to, and pragmatically cope with the rapid social, economic, and political changes in post-Soviet Cuba.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30157725,"asset_id":873912,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":410012,"first_name":"P. Sean","last_name":"Brotherton","domain_name":"nyu","page_name":"PSeanBrotherton","display_name":"P. Sean Brotherton","profile_url":"https://nyu.academia.edu/PSeanBrotherton?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/410012/441144/11418434/s65_p._sean.brotherton.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":200,"name":"Medical Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Sociology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":388,"name":"Latin American Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Studies?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":793,"name":"Medical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Anthropology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":961,"name":"Health Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Communication?f_ri=28589"},{"id":981,"name":"Health Promotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Promotion?f_ri=28589"},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=28589"},{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=28589"},{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=28589"},{"id":3354,"name":"Poststructuralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poststructuralism?f_ri=28589"},{"id":3657,"name":"Anthropology of the Body","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_the_Body?f_ri=28589"},{"id":3725,"name":"Cuban Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuban_Studies?f_ri=28589"},{"id":4990,"name":"Global Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health?f_ri=28589"},{"id":5879,"name":"Socialisms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socialisms?f_ri=28589"},{"id":6553,"name":"History of Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Public_Health?f_ri=28589"},{"id":6810,"name":"Public Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Policy?f_ri=28589"},{"id":7945,"name":"Caribbean Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caribbean_Studies?f_ri=28589"},{"id":9466,"name":"Globalization And Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization_And_Health?f_ri=28589"},{"id":12531,"name":"Post-Socialist Societies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Socialist_Societies?f_ri=28589"},{"id":13514,"name":"STS (Anthropology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/STS_Anthropology_?f_ri=28589"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=28589"},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589"},{"id":41308,"name":"Cuban Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuban_Revolution?f_ri=28589"},{"id":128053,"name":"History and Philosphy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Philosphy_of_Science?f_ri=28589"},{"id":216651,"name":"International health policy, the Cuban Health system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_health_policy_the_Cuban_Health_system?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43741255" data-work_id="43741255" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43741255/Rethinking_the_history_of_plague_in_the_time_of_COVID_19">Rethinking the history of plague in the time of COVID‐19</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We are currently experiencing one of the most disruptive pandemics in modern history. The outbreak of COVID-19 that was first recorded in Wuhan, China and quickly spread across the globe has resulted in nearly 5 million confirmed cases to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43741255" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We are currently experiencing one of the most disruptive pandemics in modern history. The outbreak of COVID-19 that was first recorded in Wuhan, China and quickly spread across the globe has resulted in nearly 5 million confirmed cases to date and more than 300,000 deaths. Where we stand now, it is still uncertain how many it will infect or kill worldwide, how long it will continue, and when-if ever-life will return to normal. What we know for sure is that this is a pivotal moment and that we are experiencing a historic event that will transform our societies both profoundly and irreversibly. As we wade into this new age of pandemics, it is critical to rethink how we write the history of pandemics. With a conviction that the past helps us to understand the present and that the present should help us to rethink the past, I turn to the legacy of past plagues. In this essay, I take stock of the lasting legacies of past plagues because they continue to shape the way we think about new pandemics. In particular, I address persistent problems, such as European exceptionalism, triumphalism, and epidemiological Orientalism, that are not only ubiquitous in plague studies, but also staples of public opinion about pandemics, past and present.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43741255" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="41914195feb45b438a77c018109d5e9c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64051837,"asset_id":43741255,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64051837/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="103849" href="https://newark-rutgers.academia.edu/NUKHETVARLIK">NUKHET VARLIK</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="103849" type="text/json">{"id":103849,"first_name":"NUKHET","last_name":"VARLIK","domain_name":"newark-rutgers","page_name":"NUKHETVARLIK","display_name":"NUKHET VARLIK","profile_url":"https://newark-rutgers.academia.edu/NUKHETVARLIK?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/103849/6552403/11240018/s65_nukhet.varlik.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43741255 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43741255"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43741255, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43741255", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43741255 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43741255; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43741255"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43741255 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43741255"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43741255; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43741255]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43741255").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43741255").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43741255"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8558" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Plague">History of Plague</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8558" type="text/json">{"id":8558,"name":"History of Plague","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Plague?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11208" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11208" type="text/json">{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28589" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_">Global Public Health (History of Public Health)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28589" type="text/json">{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51334" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalism">Orientalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="51334" type="text/json">{"id":51334,"name":"Orientalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalism?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43741255]'), work: {"id":43741255,"title":"Rethinking the history of plague in the time of COVID‐19","created_at":"2020-07-29T18:43:01.411-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43741255/Rethinking_the_history_of_plague_in_the_time_of_COVID_19?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_43741255","summary":"We are currently experiencing one of the most disruptive pandemics in modern history. The outbreak of COVID-19 that was first recorded in Wuhan, China and quickly spread across the globe has resulted in nearly 5 million confirmed cases to date and more than 300,000 deaths. Where we stand now, it is still uncertain how many it will infect or kill worldwide, how long it will continue, and when-if ever-life will return to normal. What we know for sure is that this is a pivotal moment and that we are experiencing a historic event that will transform our societies both profoundly and irreversibly. As we wade into this new age of pandemics, it is critical to rethink how we write the history of pandemics. With a conviction that the past helps us to understand the present and that the present should help us to rethink the past, I turn to the legacy of past plagues. In this essay, I take stock of the lasting legacies of past plagues because they continue to shape the way we think about new pandemics. In particular, I address persistent problems, such as European exceptionalism, triumphalism, and epidemiological Orientalism, that are not only ubiquitous in plague studies, but also staples of public opinion about pandemics, past and present.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64051837,"asset_id":43741255,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":103849,"first_name":"NUKHET","last_name":"VARLIK","domain_name":"newark-rutgers","page_name":"NUKHETVARLIK","display_name":"NUKHET VARLIK","profile_url":"https://newark-rutgers.academia.edu/NUKHETVARLIK?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/103849/6552403/11240018/s65_nukhet.varlik.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8558,"name":"History of Plague","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Plague?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":11208,"name":"Ottoman Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ottoman_Empire?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":51334,"name":"Orientalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalism?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31479873" data-work_id="31479873" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31479873/The_Black_Death_Syllabus_2017_Group_Readings_pdf">The Black Death - Syllabus 2017 - Group Readings.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">NOTE: This course was last taught in 2017. Much new work has come out on the history of plague and the late medieval pandemic since then, some of it overturning long-held truisms. Please consult my "Plague Studies" tab and the general... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31479873" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">NOTE: This course was last taught in 2017. Much new work has come out on the history of plague and the late medieval pandemic since then, some of it overturning long-held truisms. Please consult my "Plague Studies" tab and the general bibliography, "The Mother of All Pandemics" for the most recent work in the field. <br />These readings supplement the main Syllabus for my course, "The Black Death: Pandemic Disease in the Medieval World." The students are divided into groups at the beginning of the semester and work collaboratively for the rest of the semester. The Group Readings form the basis for the special presentations they make to the rest of the class. The Group projects allow them to go deep into specific topics for a short period of time, and will, it is hoped, expose them to both primary sources and secondary sources they can use for their research projects. The ten groups this year are as follows: <br />- The Invisible Origins of the Second Pandemic: The Qinghai-Tibet <br />Plateau <br />- Plague Lies in Wait: What Was the Mechanism of Spread into Central Eurasia? <br />- Plague Reaches the Islamicate World <br />- Plague in Southern Europe: Initial Impact <br />- Religion, Politics, and Catastrophe: The Black Death and the Jews <br />- Plague in Northern Europe (England) <br />- Plague in Northern Europe (Beyond England) <br />- Plague and the Great Transition: Living in a Cold, Diseased World <br />- Plague Shapes the Early Modern World <br />- Plague Becomes a Global Disease: The Third Pandemic <br />-</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31479873" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="211108fb81937a8b3755984b94e72144" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51917267,"asset_id":31479873,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51917267/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5699744" href="https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MonicaHGreen">Monica H Green</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5699744" type="text/json">{"id":5699744,"first_name":"Monica","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"MonicaHGreen","display_name":"Monica H Green","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MonicaHGreen?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5699744/2784407/145731948/s65_monica_h..green.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31479873 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31479873"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31479873, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31479873", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_31479873 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31479873; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_31479873"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_31479873 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31479873"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31479873; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31479873]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31479873").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31479873").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31479873"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1085" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1085" type="text/json">{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2273" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine">History of Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2273" type="text/json">{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31479873]'), work: {"id":31479873,"title":"The Black Death - Syllabus 2017 - Group Readings.pdf","created_at":"2017-02-16T23:24:19.862-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31479873/The_Black_Death_Syllabus_2017_Group_Readings_pdf?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_31479873","summary":"NOTE: This course was last taught in 2017. Much new work has come out on the history of plague and the late medieval pandemic since then, some of it overturning long-held truisms. Please consult my \"Plague Studies\" tab and the general bibliography, \"The Mother of All Pandemics\" for the most recent work in the field.\r\nThese readings supplement the main Syllabus for my course, \"The Black Death: Pandemic Disease in the Medieval World.\" The students are divided into groups at the beginning of the semester and work collaboratively for the rest of the semester. The Group Readings form the basis for the special presentations they make to the rest of the class. The Group projects allow them to go deep into specific topics for a short period of time, and will, it is hoped, expose them to both primary sources and secondary sources they can use for their research projects. The ten groups this year are as follows:\r\n- The Invisible Origins of the Second Pandemic: The Qinghai-Tibet\r\nPlateau\r\n- Plague Lies in Wait: What Was the Mechanism of Spread into Central Eurasia?\r\n- Plague Reaches the Islamicate World\r\n- Plague in Southern Europe: Initial Impact\r\n- Religion, Politics, and Catastrophe: The Black Death and the Jews\r\n- Plague in Northern Europe (England)\r\n- Plague in Northern Europe (Beyond England)\r\n- Plague and the Great Transition: Living in a Cold, Diseased World\r\n- Plague Shapes the Early Modern World\r\n- Plague Becomes a Global Disease: The Third Pandemic\r\n- ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51917267,"asset_id":31479873,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5699744,"first_name":"Monica","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"MonicaHGreen","display_name":"Monica H Green","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MonicaHGreen?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5699744/2784407/145731948/s65_monica_h..green.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":2853,"name":"Medieval Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Studies?f_ri=28589"},{"id":4990,"name":"Global Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health?f_ri=28589"},{"id":8539,"name":"Eurasia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasia?f_ri=28589"},{"id":8558,"name":"History of Plague","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Plague?f_ri=28589"},{"id":13334,"name":"Global History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_History?f_ri=28589"},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589"},{"id":46788,"name":"Black Death","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Death?f_ri=28589"},{"id":66133,"name":"Global Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health?f_ri=28589"},{"id":956887,"name":"Yersinia Pestis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yersinia_Pestis?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19758960" data-work_id="19758960" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19758960/Opening_Pandoras_Box_at_the_Roof_of_the_World_Past_and_Present_of_Avian_Influenza_Science">Opening Pandora's Box at the Roof of the World: Past and Present of Avian Influenza Science</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">By means of a case study and historical analysis, this dissertation examines the past and present of avian influenza. A contemporary case study examines the unprecedented emergence of an avian virus among wild birds on the Qinghai-Tibet... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19758960" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">By means of a case study and historical analysis, this dissertation examines the past and present of avian influenza. A contemporary case study examines the unprecedented emergence of an avian virus among wild birds on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Roof of the World) beginning in 2005. Events at Qinghai stimulated an interdisciplinary research approach and accelerated the use of technological tools to track avian influenza. Events at Qinghai serve as real-world examples to understand avian influenza and to envision the unintended consequences of human and natural forces over the coming decades.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19758960" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b65dd4fbd2b213ef4cc6ba9ac727822e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40827759,"asset_id":19758960,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40827759/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="537543" href="https://independentscholar.academia.edu/BarbaraCanavan">Barbara C Canavan, PhD</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="537543" type="text/json">{"id":537543,"first_name":"Barbara","last_name":"Canavan, PhD","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"BarbaraCanavan","display_name":"Barbara C Canavan, PhD","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/BarbaraCanavan?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/537543/192404/37263933/s65_barbara.canavan_phd.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19758960 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19758960"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19758960, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19758960", }); 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A contemporary case study examines the unprecedented emergence of an avian virus among wild birds on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Roof of the World) beginning in 2005. Events at Qinghai stimulated an interdisciplinary research approach and accelerated the use of technological tools to track avian influenza. Events at Qinghai serve as real-world examples to understand avian influenza and to envision the unintended consequences of human and natural forces over the coming decades. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40827759,"asset_id":19758960,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":537543,"first_name":"Barbara","last_name":"Canavan, PhD","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"BarbaraCanavan","display_name":"Barbara C Canavan, PhD","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/BarbaraCanavan?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/537543/192404/37263933/s65_barbara.canavan_phd.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":25175,"name":"Social History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History_of_Medicine?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}]}, }) } 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data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1bc8d8065077a087ab1d7ed47adda958" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85587124,"asset_id":60789099,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85587124/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26381240" href="https://firat.academia.edu/Okilic">Orhan Kılıç</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26381240" type="text/json">{"id":26381240,"first_name":"Orhan","last_name":"Kılıç","domain_name":"firat","page_name":"Okilic","display_name":"Orhan Kılıç","profile_url":"https://firat.academia.edu/Okilic?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26381240/7301291/64759586/s65_orhan.k_l_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_60789099 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="60789099"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 60789099, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_60789099", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_60789099 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span 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Kılıç","profile_url":"https://firat.academia.edu/Okilic?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26381240/7301291/64759586/s65_orhan.k_l_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8243,"name":"History of Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Malaria?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":8558,"name":"History of Plague","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Plague?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":16302,"name":"History Of Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Disease?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":17960,"name":"Infectious Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_Diseases?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589"},{"id":236394,"name":"Osmanlı Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osmanli_Sosyo-Ekonomik_Tarihi?f_ri=28589"},{"id":277869,"name":"History of Epidemics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Epidemics?f_ri=28589"},{"id":1576967,"name":"History of Pandemic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Pandemic?f_ri=28589"},{"id":2611565,"name":"salgın hastalıklar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/salg%C4%B1n_hastal%C4%B1klar?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36533986" data-work_id="36533986" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36533986/%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80_pdf">স্বাস্থ্য, অসুখ, পরিষেবা ও ডাক্তারদের মুষ্টিযোগের কাহিনী.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">How do we perceive health, especially at this present juncture of rising violence against doctors in West Bengal and India? How do you imagine and construct the image of a doctor - a care giver or a healer or both - against this almost... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36533986" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">How do we perceive health, especially at this present juncture of rising violence against doctors in West Bengal and India? How do you imagine and construct the image of a doctor - a care giver or a healer or both - against this almost complete corporatization of healthcare industry? How doctors perceive patients - an objectified body with a conglomerate of pathologies and biochemical abnormalities inside the body or a person who happens to be ill? How do we perceive UHC and the dream of "Health for All"?<br />All these questions are taken into account in this article.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36533986" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e599dbe157c613d89ac46f8598b578c1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56453307,"asset_id":36533986,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56453307/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="179437" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JBhattacharya">Jayanta Bhattacharya</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="179437" type="text/json">{"id":179437,"first_name":"Jayanta","last_name":"Bhattacharya","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JBhattacharya","display_name":"Jayanta Bhattacharya","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JBhattacharya?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/179437/44415/21702654/s65_jayanta.bhattacharya.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36533986 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36533986"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36533986, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36533986", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36533986]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36533986").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36533986").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36533986"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28589" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_">Global Public Health (History of Public Health)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28589" type="text/json">{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36533986]'), work: {"id":36533986,"title":"স্বাস্থ্য, অসুখ, পরিষেবা ও ডাক্তারদের মুষ্টিযোগের কাহিনী.pdf","created_at":"2018-04-29T21:16:37.012-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36533986/%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80_pdf?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_36533986","summary":"How do we perceive health, especially at this present juncture of rising violence against doctors in West Bengal and India? How do you imagine and construct the image of a doctor - a care giver or a healer or both - against this almost complete corporatization of healthcare industry? How doctors perceive patients - an objectified body with a conglomerate of pathologies and biochemical abnormalities inside the body or a person who happens to be ill? 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The uprising did not have a religious character; the confessional question was more influenced by the following plague epidemic, which peaked in the territory of the county in the years 1709 – 1710. The territory of the county was deserted, and the arrival of new inhabitants did not allow to follow up on the recatholicization activity nor to start it all over again. In the article we map the confessional development of the Ung county with the emphasis on the changes of the confessional structures. <br />Keywords: The Ung county. Recatholicization. Plague epidemic. The uprising of Francis II Rákóczi. Confession</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65204333" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f129b111e37dea9a2ced1bf65019d26f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76905723,"asset_id":65204333,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76905723/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24278201" href="https://unipo.academia.edu/Vavrinec%C5%BDe%C5%88uch">Vavrinec Žeňuch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24278201" type="text/json">{"id":24278201,"first_name":"Vavrinec","last_name":"Žeňuch","domain_name":"unipo","page_name":"VavrinecŽeňuch","display_name":"Vavrinec Žeňuch","profile_url":"https://unipo.academia.edu/Vavrinec%C5%BDe%C5%88uch?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24278201/6551490/35345351/s65_vavrinec._e_uch.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65204333 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65204333"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65204333, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65204333", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=65204333]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_65204333").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_65204333").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="65204333"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1746" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Catholicism">European Catholicism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1746" type="text/json">{"id":1746,"name":"European Catholicism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Catholicism?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5149" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calvinism">Calvinism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5149" type="text/json">{"id":5149,"name":"Calvinism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calvinism?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6553" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Public_Health">History of Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6553" type="text/json">{"id":6553,"name":"History of Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Public_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7398" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesuit_history">Jesuit history</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7398" type="text/json">{"id":7398,"name":"Jesuit history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesuit_history?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=65204333]'), work: {"id":65204333,"title":"Vzťah rekatolizácie a epidémie alebo ako mor prerušil rekatolizáciu (na príklade Užskej stolice)","created_at":"2021-12-20T09:06:49.826-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/65204333/Vz%C5%A5ah_rekatoliz%C3%A1cie_a_epid%C3%A9mie_alebo_ako_mor_preru%C5%A1il_rekatoliz%C3%A1ciu_na_pr%C3%ADklade_U%C5%BEskej_stolice_?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_65204333","summary":" The relationship between a recatholicization and epidemic or how the plague interrupted the recatholicization (on the example of the Ung county)\r\n\r\nFollowing recatholicization in the late 17th century at the territory of the Ung county was stopped by the uprising of Francis II Rákóczi. The uprising did not have a religious character; the confessional question was more influenced by the following plague epidemic, which peaked in the territory of the county in the years 1709 – 1710. The territory of the county was deserted, and the arrival of new inhabitants did not allow to follow up on the recatholicization activity nor to start it all over again. In the article we map the confessional development of the Ung county with the emphasis on the changes of the confessional structures. \r\nKeywords: The Ung county. Recatholicization. Plague epidemic. The uprising of Francis II Rákóczi. Confession","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76905723,"asset_id":65204333,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24278201,"first_name":"Vavrinec","last_name":"Žeňuch","domain_name":"unipo","page_name":"VavrinecŽeňuch","display_name":"Vavrinec Žeňuch","profile_url":"https://unipo.academia.edu/Vavrinec%C5%BDe%C5%88uch?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24278201/6551490/35345351/s65_vavrinec._e_uch.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1746,"name":"European Catholicism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Catholicism?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":5149,"name":"Calvinism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Calvinism?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":6553,"name":"History of Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Public_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":7398,"name":"Jesuit history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jesuit_history?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":8558,"name":"History of Plague","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Plague?f_ri=28589"},{"id":11180,"name":"History of Hungary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Hungary?f_ri=28589"},{"id":13965,"name":"18th \u0026 19th Centuries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_and_19th_Centuries?f_ri=28589"},{"id":27831,"name":"18th Century","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_Century?f_ri=28589"},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589"},{"id":45426,"name":"Central and Eastern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_and_Eastern_Europe?f_ri=28589"},{"id":66491,"name":"Society of Jesus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Society_of_Jesus?f_ri=28589"},{"id":103130,"name":"Catholic Church","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catholic_Church?f_ri=28589"},{"id":158189,"name":"Catholic Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catholic_Church_History?f_ri=28589"},{"id":277869,"name":"History of Epidemics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Epidemics?f_ri=28589"},{"id":689113,"name":"History of the Church","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Church?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4560126" data-work_id="4560126" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4560126/Monica_H_Green_The_Value_of_Historical_Perspective_in_The_Ashgate_Research_Companion_to_the_Globalization_of_Health_ed_Ted_Schrecker_Aldershot_Ashgate_2012_pp_17_37">Monica H. Green, "The Value of Historical Perspective," in The Ashgate Research Companion to the Globalization of Health, ed. Ted Schrecker (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2012), pp. 17-37</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay suggests that there is great value to be gained from looking at the history of the major threats to health that humans have endured throughout human (and even hominin) history. The possibilities for multi-disciplinary work in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4560126" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay suggests that there is great value to be gained from looking at the history of the major threats to health that humans have endured throughout human (and even hominin) history.  The possibilities for multi-disciplinary work in the field of global health history have never been richer.  Work in genetics, paleopathology, and traditional forms of documentary History can now be combined to reconstruct the histories of the oldest global diseases (tuberculosis and leprosy) to the newest (HIV/AIDS).  All these narratives show the need to think systematically about the manifold forces that create and sustain diseases throughout the world. <a href="http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9781409409243" rel="nofollow">http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9781409409243</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4560126" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ae2ea94645d09f88c409d1741fab9c2e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31937263,"asset_id":4560126,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31937263/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5699744" href="https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MonicaHGreen">Monica H Green</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5699744" type="text/json">{"id":5699744,"first_name":"Monica","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"MonicaHGreen","display_name":"Monica H Green","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MonicaHGreen?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5699744/2784407/145731948/s65_monica_h..green.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4560126 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4560126"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4560126, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4560126", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4560126]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4560126").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4560126").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4560126"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">25</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2273" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine">History of Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2273" type="text/json">{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2364" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleopathology">Paleopathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2364" type="text/json">{"id":2364,"name":"Paleopathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleopathology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV_AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4814" type="text/json">{"id":4814,"name":"HIV/AIDS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV_AIDS?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4990" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health">Global Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4990" type="text/json">{"id":4990,"name":"Global Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4560126]'), work: {"id":4560126,"title":"Monica H. Green, \"The Value of Historical Perspective,\" in The Ashgate Research Companion to the Globalization of Health, ed. Ted Schrecker (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2012), pp. 17-37","created_at":"2013-09-23T01:39:03.720-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4560126/Monica_H_Green_The_Value_of_Historical_Perspective_in_The_Ashgate_Research_Companion_to_the_Globalization_of_Health_ed_Ted_Schrecker_Aldershot_Ashgate_2012_pp_17_37?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_4560126","summary":"This essay suggests that there is great value to be gained from looking at the history of the major threats to health that humans have endured throughout human (and even hominin) history. The possibilities for multi-disciplinary work in the field of global health history have never been richer. Work in genetics, paleopathology, and traditional forms of documentary History can now be combined to reconstruct the histories of the oldest global diseases (tuberculosis and leprosy) to the newest (HIV/AIDS). All these narratives show the need to think systematically about the manifold forces that create and sustain diseases throughout the world. http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9781409409243","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31937263,"asset_id":4560126,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5699744,"first_name":"Monica","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"MonicaHGreen","display_name":"Monica H Green","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MonicaHGreen?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5699744/2784407/145731948/s65_monica_h..green.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":2364,"name":"Paleopathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleopathology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":4814,"name":"HIV/AIDS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV_AIDS?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":4990,"name":"Global Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=28589"},{"id":8243,"name":"History of Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Malaria?f_ri=28589"},{"id":8558,"name":"History of Plague","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Plague?f_ri=28589"},{"id":13334,"name":"Global History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_History?f_ri=28589"},{"id":15018,"name":"Tuberculosis and Infectious Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis_and_Infectious_Disease?f_ri=28589"},{"id":24390,"name":"Tuberculosis (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis_History_?f_ri=28589"},{"id":24883,"name":"Malaria and other Infectious Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria_and_other_Infectious_Diseases?f_ri=28589"},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589"},{"id":39568,"name":"History of Smallpox and Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Smallpox_and_Vaccination?f_ri=28589"},{"id":43734,"name":"History of Leprosy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Leprosy?f_ri=28589"},{"id":48826,"name":"Syphilis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syphilis?f_ri=28589"},{"id":51555,"name":"Human Evolutionary Biology, Medical Anthropology, Global Health and Health policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolutionary_Biology_Medical_Anthropology_Global_Health_and_Health_policy?f_ri=28589"},{"id":68318,"name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis?f_ri=28589"},{"id":94817,"name":"Vibrio cholerae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vibrio_cholerae?f_ri=28589"},{"id":100845,"name":"M. tuberculosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/M._tuberculosis?f_ri=28589"},{"id":134713,"name":"Global Health, Women's Health, Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health_Womens_Health_Human_Rights?f_ri=28589"},{"id":268670,"name":"Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis_and_HIV_AIDS?f_ri=28589"},{"id":421064,"name":"EPIDEMIOLOGY: GLOBAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EPIDEMIOLOGY_GLOBAL_AND_PUBLIC_HEALTH?f_ri=28589"},{"id":556224,"name":"Archaeology of leprosy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_leprosy?f_ri=28589"},{"id":564394,"name":"Genetics and Molecular Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics_and_Molecular_Microbiology?f_ri=28589"},{"id":987999,"name":"Globalization of Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization_of_Health?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4606233" data-work_id="4606233" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4606233/Global_History_of_Health_Spring_2013_syllabus_">Global History of Health (Spring 2013 syllabus)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Note: this is the 2013 iteration of my upper-level course on the histories of the world's leading infectious diseases. The most recent version is from Fall 2016. In the early 1990s, Mary Fisher, a middle-class mother of two children from... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4606233" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Note: this is the 2013 iteration of my upper-level course on the histories of the world's leading infectious diseases. The most recent version is from Fall 2016.<br /><br />In the early 1990s, Mary Fisher, a middle-class mother of two children from Utah, was brought to awareness of the global HIV/AIDS pandemic by her own recent infection with the disease. In a famous speech she delivered in 1992, she reminded her fellow Americans and the world that infectious disease knew no boundaries of class, race, or nationality.  It only asked, “Are you human?”  In the past two decades, studies have shown that pathogens such as the TB and leprosy bacilli have undergone exceptionally low levels of evolutionary change because they have become so comfortable in their hosts that they have virtually stopped evolving.  Again, “Are you human?” is the only question the pathogen asks.  <br />  It is that common humanity of Homo sapiens globally, and the common threats we face, that offers the premise for “Global History of Health.”  Recent developments in genetics, combined with the traditional techniques of paleopathology and History, now make it possible to create a unified narrative of the threats to health that humans have shared throughout the vast sweep of time since Homo sapiens evolved.  Eight paradigmatic infectious diseases—tuberculosis (TB), malaria, leprosy, smallpox, plague, syphilis, cholera, and HIV/AIDS—will serve as our “tracer elements.”  Rather than looking for the differences between human cultures, this course looks globally at what has tied human populations together.  Several diseases—TB, malaria, and leprosy—have been with human populations ever since our origins in Africa.  Others have more recently evolved, yet now are distributed globally.  <br />  The central question we will ask is:  why have certain human populations in certain times and places been subject to particular diseases?  Using the framework of the Three Epidemiological Transitions (major shifts in the types and prevalence of disease in human societies), we will emphasize infectious diseases because these most dramatically show how incessant biological factors always combine with human social factors to determine the manifestations of disease.  How have human migrations into new regions or continents affected disease susceptibility?  What role do new technologies (farming, irrigation, railroads, planes) play in the proliferation of disease?  What responses—acceptance, exclusion, environmental intervention, scientific research—have human societies adopted? How were public health measures developed that could control disease spread?  Finally, how can a long-term historical perspective help us understand current health challenges and their possible solutions?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4606233" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8e575e7d3e1055a804a473065f6a2921" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31967769,"asset_id":4606233,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31967769/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5699744" href="https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MonicaHGreen">Monica H Green</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5699744" type="text/json">{"id":5699744,"first_name":"Monica","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"MonicaHGreen","display_name":"Monica H Green","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MonicaHGreen?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5699744/2784407/145731948/s65_monica_h..green.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4606233 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4606233"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4606233, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4606233", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4606233 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4606233; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4606233"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4606233 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4606233"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4606233; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4606233]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4606233").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4606233").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4606233"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV_AIDS">HIV/AIDS</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4814" type="text/json">{"id":4814,"name":"HIV/AIDS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV_AIDS?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13334" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_History">Global History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13334" type="text/json">{"id":13334,"name":"Global History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15018" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis_and_Infectious_Disease">Tuberculosis and Infectious Disease</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15018" type="text/json">{"id":15018,"name":"Tuberculosis and Infectious Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis_and_Infectious_Disease?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28589" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_">Global Public Health (History of Public Health)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28589" type="text/json">{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4606233]'), work: {"id":4606233,"title":"Global History of Health (Spring 2013 syllabus)","created_at":"2013-09-27T08:24:44.541-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4606233/Global_History_of_Health_Spring_2013_syllabus_?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_4606233","summary":"Note: this is the 2013 iteration of my upper-level course on the histories of the world's leading infectious diseases. The most recent version is from Fall 2016.\n\nIn the early 1990s, Mary Fisher, a middle-class mother of two children from Utah, was brought to awareness of the global HIV/AIDS pandemic by her own recent infection with the disease. In a famous speech she delivered in 1992, she reminded her fellow Americans and the world that infectious disease knew no boundaries of class, race, or nationality. It only asked, “Are you human?” In the past two decades, studies have shown that pathogens such as the TB and leprosy bacilli have undergone exceptionally low levels of evolutionary change because they have become so comfortable in their hosts that they have virtually stopped evolving. Again, “Are you human?” is the only question the pathogen asks. \n It is that common humanity of Homo sapiens globally, and the common threats we face, that offers the premise for “Global History of Health.” Recent developments in genetics, combined with the traditional techniques of paleopathology and History, now make it possible to create a unified narrative of the threats to health that humans have shared throughout the vast sweep of time since Homo sapiens evolved. Eight paradigmatic infectious diseases—tuberculosis (TB), malaria, leprosy, smallpox, plague, syphilis, cholera, and HIV/AIDS—will serve as our “tracer elements.” Rather than looking for the differences between human cultures, this course looks globally at what has tied human populations together. Several diseases—TB, malaria, and leprosy—have been with human populations ever since our origins in Africa. Others have more recently evolved, yet now are distributed globally. \n The central question we will ask is: why have certain human populations in certain times and places been subject to particular diseases? Using the framework of the Three Epidemiological Transitions (major shifts in the types and prevalence of disease in human societies), we will emphasize infectious diseases because these most dramatically show how incessant biological factors always combine with human social factors to determine the manifestations of disease. How have human migrations into new regions or continents affected disease susceptibility? What role do new technologies (farming, irrigation, railroads, planes) play in the proliferation of disease? What responses—acceptance, exclusion, environmental intervention, scientific research—have human societies adopted? How were public health measures developed that could control disease spread? Finally, how can a long-term historical perspective help us understand current health challenges and their possible solutions?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31967769,"asset_id":4606233,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5699744,"first_name":"Monica","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"MonicaHGreen","display_name":"Monica H Green","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MonicaHGreen?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5699744/2784407/145731948/s65_monica_h..green.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4814,"name":"HIV/AIDS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HIV_AIDS?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":13334,"name":"Global History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":15018,"name":"Tuberculosis and Infectious Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tuberculosis_and_Infectious_Disease?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":39568,"name":"History of Smallpox and Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Smallpox_and_Vaccination?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70630899" data-work_id="70630899" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70630899/2022_Environments_of_Health_and_Disease_in_Tropical_Africa_before_the_Colonial_Era">2022 - Environments of Health and Disease in Tropical Africa before the Colonial Era</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Section III . Science meets historical disease environments 7 Environments of Health and Disease in Tropical Africa before the Colonial Era Gérard Chouin ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8885-6919 Abstract A long-standing narrative that has its... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70630899" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Section III <br />. Science meets historical disease environments <br />7 <br />Environments of Health and Disease in Tropical Africa before the Colonial Era <br />Gérard Chouin ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8885-6919 <br />Abstract <br />A long-standing narrative that has its origins, in part, in early modern European travel narratives entwines Africa, diseased environments, and death. By probing these seventeenth-century narratives as historical sources and reflecting critically on their contents, however, this chapter reveals a Eurocentric “smokescreen” that hides a much more complex picture. African understanding of the “environment” – and of disease causation – was far more extensive than how we think of it today: it embodied not only the physical landscape but also the spiritual and social realms. Managing the multiple spheres that comprised the environment meant that pre-modern Africans had developed a complex variety of disease mitigation techniques, each targeting the suspected origin of disease. The chapter also includes an exploration of the author’s working hypothesis about the making, demise, or subsistence malaria and plague in selected regions of the African continent’s environment, demonstrating how working cross-disciplinarily and bringing together evidence from the humanities and the sciences – including research on ancient DNA – allows us to slowly build a clearer picture of the intricate relationship between diseases and the environment in the African past.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70630899" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5885b73342d8d364329145b280facc9d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":118283308,"asset_id":70630899,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118283308/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="382928" href="https://wm.academia.edu/GerardLFChouin">Gérard L. F. Chouin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="382928" type="text/json">{"id":382928,"first_name":"Gérard L. F.","last_name":"Chouin","domain_name":"wm","page_name":"GerardLFChouin","display_name":"Gérard L. F. Chouin","profile_url":"https://wm.academia.edu/GerardLFChouin?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/382928/119066/6080233/s65_g_rard_l._f..chouin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70630899 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70630899"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70630899, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70630899", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_70630899 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70630899; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_70630899"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_70630899 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70630899"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70630899; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70630899]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70630899").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70630899").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70630899"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="379" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies">African Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="379" type="text/json">{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3722" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_History">Environmental History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3722" type="text/json">{"id":3722,"name":"Environmental History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3896" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History">African History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3896" type="text/json">{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70630899]'), work: {"id":70630899,"title":"2022 - Environments of Health and Disease in Tropical Africa before the Colonial Era","created_at":"2022-02-05T20:59:43.901-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70630899/2022_Environments_of_Health_and_Disease_in_Tropical_Africa_before_the_Colonial_Era?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_70630899","summary":"Section III\r\n. Science meets historical disease environments\r\n7\r\nEnvironments of Health and Disease in Tropical Africa before the Colonial Era\r\nGérard Chouin ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8885-6919\r\nAbstract\r\nA long-standing narrative that has its origins, in part, in early modern European travel narratives entwines Africa, diseased environments, and death. By probing these seventeenth-century narratives as historical sources and reflecting critically on their contents, however, this chapter reveals a Eurocentric “smokescreen” that hides a much more complex picture. African understanding of the “environment” – and of disease causation – was far more extensive than how we think of it today: it embodied not only the physical landscape but also the spiritual and social realms. Managing the multiple spheres that comprised the environment meant that pre-modern Africans had developed a complex variety of disease mitigation techniques, each targeting the suspected origin of disease. The chapter also includes an exploration of the author’s working hypothesis about the making, demise, or subsistence malaria and plague in selected regions of the African continent’s environment, demonstrating how working cross-disciplinarily and bringing together evidence from the humanities and the sciences – including research on ancient DNA – allows us to slowly build a clearer picture of the intricate relationship between diseases and the environment in the African past.\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":118283308,"asset_id":70630899,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":86514568,"asset_id":70630899,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":382928,"first_name":"Gérard L. F.","last_name":"Chouin","domain_name":"wm","page_name":"GerardLFChouin","display_name":"Gérard L. F. Chouin","profile_url":"https://wm.academia.edu/GerardLFChouin?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/382928/119066/6080233/s65_g_rard_l._f..chouin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":379,"name":"African Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_Studies?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":3722,"name":"Environmental History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":3896,"name":"African History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/African_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":8558,"name":"History of Plague","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Plague?f_ri=28589"},{"id":16302,"name":"History Of Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_Of_Disease?f_ri=28589"},{"id":18464,"name":"History of health and disease in Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_health_and_disease_in_Africa?f_ri=28589"},{"id":21277,"name":"Travel Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Travel_Literature?f_ri=28589"},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589"},{"id":61293,"name":"Health History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_History?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4615960" data-work_id="4615960" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4615960/The_Emergence_of_Global_Health_Spring_2012_Syllabus_">The Emergence of Global Health (Spring 2012 Syllabus)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">"“Global Health” has emerged as a rubric under which a variety of public health interventions have been made in the past few decades. The institutional infrastructure that we currently identify with “global health” has its roots in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4615960" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">"“Global Health” has emerged as a rubric under which a variety of public health interventions have been made in the past few decades. The institutional infrastructure that we currently identify with “global health” has its roots in concerns to address the international dimensions of infectious disease that can be traced back to the 18th century and even before. “Global” efforts against smallpox, yellow fever, and malaria go back to the height of European expansion and its attendant processes of slavery and colonialism. In the 20th century, the World Health Organization grew out of earlier international collaborations meant to address the political and economic challenges of quickly transmissible infectious diseases like cholera and plague, which (although of great antiquity) emerged as newly “global” diseases in the 19th century. “Global health” as we understand it today has become something much bigger than treaties to enforce quarantines or even vaccination programs.  Particularly, the shift from epidemic infectious diseases to primary (and comprehensive) care has had radical implications in shifting priorities in funding and policy. This course will ask how “global” public health differs conceptually from public health as it has been traditionally conceived at the level of municipalities, states, or regions. It also addresses questions of the ethical foundations of the field, and the politics and economics of biomedicine as it is transferred to resource-poor areas of the world."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4615960" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5dc92e62d33fb4f452a33ecd2dd092cc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31974680,"asset_id":4615960,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31974680/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5699744" href="https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MonicaHGreen">Monica H Green</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5699744" type="text/json">{"id":5699744,"first_name":"Monica","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"MonicaHGreen","display_name":"Monica H Green","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MonicaHGreen?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5699744/2784407/145731948/s65_monica_h..green.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4615960 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4615960"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4615960, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4615960", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4615960]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4615960").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4615960").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4615960"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1085" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1085" type="text/json">{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1088" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_disease_epidemiology">Infectious disease epidemiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1088" type="text/json">{"id":1088,"name":"Infectious disease epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_disease_epidemiology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28589" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_">Global Public Health (History of Public Health)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28589" type="text/json">{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39568" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Smallpox_and_Vaccination">History of Smallpox and Vaccination</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="39568" type="text/json">{"id":39568,"name":"History of Smallpox and Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Smallpox_and_Vaccination?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4615960]'), work: {"id":4615960,"title":"The Emergence of Global Health (Spring 2012 Syllabus)","created_at":"2013-09-28T20:47:34.952-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4615960/The_Emergence_of_Global_Health_Spring_2012_Syllabus_?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_4615960","summary":"\"“Global Health” has emerged as a rubric under which a variety of public health interventions have been made in the past few decades. The institutional infrastructure that we currently identify with “global health” has its roots in concerns to address the international dimensions of infectious disease that can be traced back to the 18th century and even before. “Global” efforts against smallpox, yellow fever, and malaria go back to the height of European expansion and its attendant processes of slavery and colonialism. In the 20th century, the World Health Organization grew out of earlier international collaborations meant to address the political and economic challenges of quickly transmissible infectious diseases like cholera and plague, which (although of great antiquity) emerged as newly “global” diseases in the 19th century. “Global health” as we understand it today has become something much bigger than treaties to enforce quarantines or even vaccination programs. Particularly, the shift from epidemic infectious diseases to primary (and comprehensive) care has had radical implications in shifting priorities in funding and policy. This course will ask how “global” public health differs conceptually from public health as it has been traditionally conceived at the level of municipalities, states, or regions. It also addresses questions of the ethical foundations of the field, and the politics and economics of biomedicine as it is transferred to resource-poor areas of the world.\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31974680,"asset_id":4615960,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5699744,"first_name":"Monica","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"independentscholar","page_name":"MonicaHGreen","display_name":"Monica H Green","profile_url":"https://independentscholar.academia.edu/MonicaHGreen?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5699744/2784407/145731948/s65_monica_h..green.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":1088,"name":"Infectious disease epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_disease_epidemiology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":39568,"name":"History of Smallpox and Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Smallpox_and_Vaccination?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35843809" data-work_id="35843809" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35843809/Pour_une_histoire_du_handicap_au_XXe_si%C3%A8cle_Approches_transnationales_Europe_et_Am%C3%A9riques_">Pour une histoire du handicap au XXe siècle. Approches transnationales (Europe et Amériques)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cet ouvrage reconstitue la genèse et le développement des politiques internationales du handicap au cours du XXe siècle. Il met au jour les premières actions développées au cours de l’entre-deux-guerres par les institutions... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35843809" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cet ouvrage reconstitue la genèse et le développement des politiques internationales du handicap au cours du XXe siècle. Il met au jour les premières actions développées au cours de l’entre-deux-guerres par les institutions intergouvernementales (OIT, SDN, OH) en faveur de certaines catégories d’infirmes (mutilés de guerre, accidentés du travail, aveugles), puis l’unification des politiques de réadaptation des « handicapés » sous l’égide de l’ONU après la Seconde Guerre mondiale.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35843809" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0180e25f67c93a71f4eedf04c6f82de7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55722145,"asset_id":35843809,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55722145/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4407051" href="https://cnrs.academia.edu/GildasBregain">Gildas Bregain</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4407051" type="text/json">{"id":4407051,"first_name":"Gildas","last_name":"Bregain","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"GildasBregain","display_name":"Gildas Bregain","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/GildasBregain?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4407051/1789905/2135598/s65_gildas.bregain.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35843809 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35843809"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35843809, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35843809", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35843809]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35843809").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35843809").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35843809"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1559" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disability_policy_Social_Policy_">Disability policy (Social Policy)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1559" type="text/json">{"id":1559,"name":"Disability policy (Social Policy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disability_policy_Social_Policy_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7336" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disability_History">Disability History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7336" type="text/json">{"id":7336,"name":"Disability History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disability_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8233" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_History">Transnational History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8233" type="text/json">{"id":8233,"name":"Transnational History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13334" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_History">Global History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13334" type="text/json">{"id":13334,"name":"Global History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35843809]'), work: {"id":35843809,"title":"Pour une histoire du handicap au XXe siècle. Approches transnationales (Europe et Amériques)","created_at":"2018-02-05T09:54:33.833-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35843809/Pour_une_histoire_du_handicap_au_XXe_si%C3%A8cle_Approches_transnationales_Europe_et_Am%C3%A9riques_?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_35843809","summary":"Cet ouvrage reconstitue la genèse et le développement des politiques internationales du handicap au cours du XXe siècle. Il met au jour les premières actions développées au cours de l’entre-deux-guerres par les institutions intergouvernementales (OIT, SDN, OH) en faveur de certaines catégories d’infirmes (mutilés de guerre, accidentés du travail, aveugles), puis l’unification des politiques de réadaptation des « handicapés » sous l’égide de l’ONU après la Seconde Guerre mondiale.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55722145,"asset_id":35843809,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4407051,"first_name":"Gildas","last_name":"Bregain","domain_name":"cnrs","page_name":"GildasBregain","display_name":"Gildas Bregain","profile_url":"https://cnrs.academia.edu/GildasBregain?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4407051/1789905/2135598/s65_gildas.bregain.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1559,"name":"Disability policy (Social Policy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disability_policy_Social_Policy_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":7336,"name":"Disability History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disability_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":8233,"name":"Transnational History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":13334,"name":"Global History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":15262,"name":"Latin American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_History?f_ri=28589"},{"id":25173,"name":"History of Disability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Disability?f_ri=28589"},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589"},{"id":40756,"name":"Historia Social","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_Social?f_ri=28589"},{"id":48099,"name":"International Organisations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Organisations?f_ri=28589"},{"id":50051,"name":"Disability Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disability_Rights?f_ri=28589"},{"id":575856,"name":"Global Labour History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Labour_History?f_ri=28589"},{"id":627900,"name":"International and Comparative Social Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_and_Comparative_Social_Policy?f_ri=28589"},{"id":772041,"name":"Comparative/Transnational History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Transnational_History?f_ri=28589"},{"id":1072325,"name":"História Comparada","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hist%C3%B3ria_Comparada?f_ri=28589"},{"id":1791414,"name":"Historia De La Discapacidad","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_De_La_Discapacidad?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10161659" data-work_id="10161659" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10161659/Cartas_ao_Presidente_as_Pol%C3%ADticas_de_Sa%C3%BAde_P%C3%BAblica_do_primeiro_governo_Vargas_na_vis%C3%A3o_dos_amazonenses_pp_91_97_">Cartas ao Presidente: as Políticas de Saúde Pública do primeiro governo Vargas na visão dos amazonenses (pp.91-97)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">O objetivo do artigo é analisar a história da saúde e do saneamento do primeiro governo Vargas sob um prisma peculiar: correspondências enviadas por cidadãos comuns e autoridades estaduais ao Presidente Getúlio Vargas, tendo como estudo... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10161659" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">O objetivo do artigo é analisar a história da saúde e do saneamento do primeiro governo Vargas sob um prisma peculiar: correspondências enviadas por cidadãos comuns e autoridades estaduais ao Presidente Getúlio Vargas, tendo<br />como estudo de caso os amazonenses para uma possível contribuição às pesquisas em História da Saúde Pública. O argumento que fundamenta o presente trabalho é que as missivas constituem relevantes elementos para o mosaico de fontes históricas que compõem a compreensão do período. Inicialmente, serão tecidas algumas breves considerações acerca do uso de correspondências como fontes históricas. Na segunda parte do artigo, serão expostas algumas correspondências enviadas à Secretaria da Presidência da República, seguindo o critério de apresentar missivas que apresentem a situação da saúde pública local.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10161659" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7b6e475ebd68d90c6adc4d9868772f2d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36266820,"asset_id":10161659,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36266820/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12233376" href="https://fiocruz.academia.edu/RomuloAndrade">Romulo Andrade</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12233376" type="text/json">{"id":12233376,"first_name":"Romulo","last_name":"Andrade","domain_name":"fiocruz","page_name":"RomuloAndrade","display_name":"Romulo Andrade","profile_url":"https://fiocruz.academia.edu/RomuloAndrade?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12233376/3582866/35269498/s65_romulo.andrade.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10161659 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10161659"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10161659, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10161659", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10161659]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10161659").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10161659").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10161659"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6553" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Public_Health">History of Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6553" type="text/json">{"id":6553,"name":"History of Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Public_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10227" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amazonia">Amazonia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10227" type="text/json">{"id":10227,"name":"Amazonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amazonia?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28589" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_">Global Public Health (History of Public Health)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28589" type="text/json">{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61293" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_History">Health History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61293" type="text/json">{"id":61293,"name":"Health History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10161659]'), work: {"id":10161659,"title":"Cartas ao Presidente: as Políticas de Saúde Pública do primeiro governo Vargas na visão dos amazonenses (pp.91-97)","created_at":"2015-01-14T07:22:24.371-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10161659/Cartas_ao_Presidente_as_Pol%C3%ADticas_de_Sa%C3%BAde_P%C3%BAblica_do_primeiro_governo_Vargas_na_vis%C3%A3o_dos_amazonenses_pp_91_97_?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_10161659","summary":"O objetivo do artigo é analisar a história da saúde e do saneamento do primeiro governo Vargas sob um prisma peculiar: correspondências enviadas por cidadãos comuns e autoridades estaduais ao Presidente Getúlio Vargas, tendo\ncomo estudo de caso os amazonenses para uma possível contribuição às pesquisas em História da Saúde Pública. O argumento que fundamenta o presente trabalho é que as missivas constituem relevantes elementos para o mosaico de fontes históricas que compõem a compreensão do período. Inicialmente, serão tecidas algumas breves considerações acerca do uso de correspondências como fontes históricas. Na segunda parte do artigo, serão expostas algumas correspondências enviadas à Secretaria da Presidência da República, seguindo o critério de apresentar missivas que apresentem a situação da saúde pública local.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36266820,"asset_id":10161659,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12233376,"first_name":"Romulo","last_name":"Andrade","domain_name":"fiocruz","page_name":"RomuloAndrade","display_name":"Romulo Andrade","profile_url":"https://fiocruz.academia.edu/RomuloAndrade?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12233376/3582866/35269498/s65_romulo.andrade.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6553,"name":"History of Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Public_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":10227,"name":"Amazonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amazonia?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":61293,"name":"Health History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":84599,"name":"História das Ciências da Saúde. História da Assistência à Saúde. História da Saúde e das Doenças. História do Patrimônio Cultural da Saúde.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_das_Ciencias_da_Saude._Historia_da_Assistencia_a_Saude._Historia_da_Saude_e_das_Do?f_ri=28589"},{"id":110878,"name":"Amazonian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amazonian_History?f_ri=28589"},{"id":603389,"name":"História da Amazônia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_da_Amazonia?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40559436" data-work_id="40559436" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/40559436/Making_an_evidence_based_technology_in_Africa_Science_technology_and_global_health_governance">Making an ‘evidence-based’ technology in Africa: Science, technology and global health governance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40559436" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7615873" href="https://csmc.academia.edu/KirstenMooreSheeley">Kirsten Moore-Sheeley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7615873" type="text/json">{"id":7615873,"first_name":"Kirsten","last_name":"Moore-Sheeley","domain_name":"csmc","page_name":"KirstenMooreSheeley","display_name":"Kirsten Moore-Sheeley","profile_url":"https://csmc.academia.edu/KirstenMooreSheeley?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7615873/33636903/29891516/s65_kirsten.moore-sheeley.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40559436 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40559436"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40559436, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40559436", }); 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As these remain... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22419085" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">John Black Grant (1890-1962) was instrumental in getting China, India and Puerto Rico to develop health systems that integrated preventive and curative care, and oriented medical education to be supportive of such systems. As these remain priority goals for all countries today, knowledge of his achievements remains of current relevance. This paper aims to bring his accomplishments to the attention of the medical public.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22419085" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9720cae1d9232ac42259282098a1db4b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43041732,"asset_id":22419085,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43041732/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3341325" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SocratesLitsios">Socrates Litsios</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3341325" type="text/json">{"id":3341325,"first_name":"Socrates","last_name":"Litsios","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SocratesLitsios","display_name":"Socrates Litsios","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SocratesLitsios?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3341325/10329904/11527239/s65_socrates.litsios.jpg_oh_0cb61a819f6b8cebfb9984a49200f7c3_oe_56d237c0___gda___1452340848_053a3356391464038c36da6d82775e96"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22419085 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22419085"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22419085, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22419085", }); 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As these remain priority goals for all countries today, knowledge of his achievements remains of current relevance. 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Orissa, Smallpox and Colonial Order</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A massive corpus of historical scholarship has been produced in the last few decades exploring specificities underlying the triad of disease, health and medicine. The present work explores the linkages between medical knowledge and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49094173" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A massive corpus of historical scholarship has been produced in the last few decades exploring specificities underlying the triad of disease, health and medicine. The present work explores the linkages between medical knowledge and colonial power drawing resources from the medical archive. The focus of this essay pertains to the study of disease and medicine in relation to their extent of influence on colonial policy and the colonising process and on those who were colonised in the context of a specific locality or a region. It seeks to delineate the career of vaccination as it shaped up through a web of complexities in the context of Orissa including the attendant response of people to such interventions during the colonial rule. The colonial strategy to address the issue of smallpox epidemic and vaccination not only provides an understanding of the acutely limited nature of preventive medicine but also how a 'political' reading of the disease took precedence over its overt medical implications. The study further attempts to illustrate the specificities associated with the processes of colonial medical interventions to discipline a region like Orissa which the colonial authorities saw as a 'pathological province'.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49094173" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3eaf9b9c0346309471dfa079e69cd14e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67489286,"asset_id":49094173,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67489286/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9550553" href="https://ravenshawuniversity.academia.edu/ChandiPrasadNanda">Chandi P Nanda</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9550553" type="text/json">{"id":9550553,"first_name":"Chandi","last_name":"Nanda","domain_name":"ravenshawuniversity","page_name":"ChandiPrasadNanda","display_name":"Chandi P Nanda","profile_url":"https://ravenshawuniversity.academia.edu/ChandiPrasadNanda?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9550553/3021681/35097979/s65_chandi.nanda.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49094173 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49094173"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49094173, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49094173", }); 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Orissa, Smallpox and Colonial Order","created_at":"2021-06-02T00:33:49.243-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49094173/Disciplining_a_Pathological_Province_Orissa_Smallpox_and_Colonial_Order?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_49094173","summary":"A massive corpus of historical scholarship has been produced in the last few decades exploring specificities underlying the triad of disease, health and medicine. The present work explores the linkages between medical knowledge and colonial power drawing resources from the medical archive. The focus of this essay pertains to the study of disease and medicine in relation to their extent of influence on colonial policy and the colonising process and on those who were colonised in the context of a specific locality or a region. It seeks to delineate the career of vaccination as it shaped up through a web of complexities in the context of Orissa including the attendant response of people to such interventions during the colonial rule. The colonial strategy to address the issue of smallpox epidemic and vaccination not only provides an understanding of the acutely limited nature of preventive medicine but also how a 'political' reading of the disease took precedence over its overt medical implications. The study further attempts to illustrate the specificities associated with the processes of colonial medical interventions to discipline a region like Orissa which the colonial authorities saw as a 'pathological province'.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67489286,"asset_id":49094173,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9550553,"first_name":"Chandi","last_name":"Nanda","domain_name":"ravenshawuniversity","page_name":"ChandiPrasadNanda","display_name":"Chandi P Nanda","profile_url":"https://ravenshawuniversity.academia.edu/ChandiPrasadNanda?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9550553/3021681/35097979/s65_chandi.nanda.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":6553,"name":"History of Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Public_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":6810,"name":"Public Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Policy?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=28589"},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589"},{"id":39568,"name":"History of Smallpox and Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Smallpox_and_Vaccination?f_ri=28589"},{"id":42491,"name":"Public Health History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_History?f_ri=28589"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=28589"},{"id":94916,"name":"Indology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indology?f_ri=28589"},{"id":179934,"name":"Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vaccination?f_ri=28589"},{"id":301311,"name":"Epidemiology and Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology_and_Public_Health?f_ri=28589"},{"id":413804,"name":"Inoculation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inoculation?f_ri=28589"},{"id":668229,"name":"History of Science and Medicine in India under colonial and post -colonial Period, History of Medical Education, History of Women's Health Care and Indian women in Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science_and_Medicine_in_India_under_colonial_and_post_-colonial_Period_History_of_Medica?f_ri=28589"},{"id":978021,"name":"Variolation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Variolation?f_ri=28589"},{"id":1131310,"name":"The History of Diseases: Smallpox","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_History_of_Diseases_Smallpox?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37631959" data-work_id="37631959" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/37631959/A_NOVEL_FRAMEWORK_FOR_ELECTRONIC_GLOBAL_HEALTH_RECORD_ACCESS">A NOVEL FRAMEWORK FOR ELECTRONIC GLOBAL HEALTH RECORD ACCESS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">When most patients visit physicians in a clinic or a hospital, they are asked about their medical history and related medical tests' results which might not exist or might simply have been lost over time. In emergency situations, many... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37631959" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">When most patients visit physicians in a clinic or a hospital, they are asked about their medical history and related medical tests' results which might not exist or might simply have been lost over time. In emergency situations, many patients suffer or sadly die because of lack of pertinent medical information. Patient's Health information (PHI) saved by Electronic Medical Record (EMR) could be accessible only by a hospital using their EMR system. Furthermore, Personal Health Record (PHR) information cannot be solely relied on since it is controlled solely by patients. This paper introduces a novel framework for accessing, sharing, and controlling the medical records for patients and their physicians globally, while patients' PHI are securely stored and their privacy is taken into consideration. Based on the framework, a proof of concept prototype is implemented. Preliminary performance evaluation results indicate the validity and viability of the proposed framework.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37631959" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0247fed1ee0566a28a47d5e6f9795cb2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57616822,"asset_id":37631959,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57616822/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21360900" rel="nofollow" href="https://hisi.academia.edu/HealthInformaticsAnInternationalJournalHIIJ">Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21360900" type="text/json">{"id":21360900,"first_name":"Health Informatics - An International Journal","last_name":"(HIIJ)","domain_name":"hisi","page_name":"HealthInformaticsAnInternationalJournalHIIJ","display_name":"Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)","profile_url":"https://hisi.academia.edu/HealthInformaticsAnInternationalJournalHIIJ?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21360900/6390345/113688434/s65_health_informatics_-_an_international_journal._hiij_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37631959 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37631959"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37631959, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37631959", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37631959 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37631959; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37631959"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37631959 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37631959"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37631959; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37631959]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37631959").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37631959").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37631959"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4990" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health">Global Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4990" type="text/json">{"id":4990,"name":"Global Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9345" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Medical_Records">Electronic Medical Records</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9345" type="text/json">{"id":9345,"name":"Electronic Medical Records","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Medical_Records?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9466" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization_And_Health">Globalization And Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9466" type="text/json">{"id":9466,"name":"Globalization And Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization_And_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="20175" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Mental_Health">Global Mental Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="20175" type="text/json">{"id":20175,"name":"Global Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Mental_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37631959]'), work: {"id":37631959,"title":"A NOVEL FRAMEWORK FOR ELECTRONIC GLOBAL HEALTH RECORD ACCESS","created_at":"2018-10-23T01:20:12.606-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37631959/A_NOVEL_FRAMEWORK_FOR_ELECTRONIC_GLOBAL_HEALTH_RECORD_ACCESS?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_37631959","summary":"When most patients visit physicians in a clinic or a hospital, they are asked about their medical history and related medical tests' results which might not exist or might simply have been lost over time. In emergency situations, many patients suffer or sadly die because of lack of pertinent medical information. Patient's Health information (PHI) saved by Electronic Medical Record (EMR) could be accessible only by a hospital using their EMR system. Furthermore, Personal Health Record (PHR) information cannot be solely relied on since it is controlled solely by patients. This paper introduces a novel framework for accessing, sharing, and controlling the medical records for patients and their physicians globally, while patients' PHI are securely stored and their privacy is taken into consideration. Based on the framework, a proof of concept prototype is implemented. Preliminary performance evaluation results indicate the validity and viability of the proposed framework.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57616822,"asset_id":37631959,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21360900,"first_name":"Health Informatics - An International Journal","last_name":"(HIIJ)","domain_name":"hisi","page_name":"HealthInformaticsAnInternationalJournalHIIJ","display_name":"Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)","profile_url":"https://hisi.academia.edu/HealthInformaticsAnInternationalJournalHIIJ?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21360900/6390345/113688434/s65_health_informatics_-_an_international_journal._hiij_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4990,"name":"Global Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":9345,"name":"Electronic Medical Records","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Medical_Records?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":9466,"name":"Globalization And Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization_And_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":20175,"name":"Global Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Mental_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":22733,"name":"Global Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health_Policy?f_ri=28589"},{"id":25261,"name":"Phraseology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phraseology?f_ri=28589"},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589"},{"id":38657,"name":"Global Cancer Public Health \u0026 Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Cancer_Public_Health_and_Policy?f_ri=28589"},{"id":66133,"name":"Global Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health?f_ri=28589"},{"id":108520,"name":"Global Health Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health_Governance?f_ri=28589"},{"id":108521,"name":"Global Health Diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health_Diplomacy?f_ri=28589"},{"id":143286,"name":"Noun Phrase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Noun_Phrase?f_ri=28589"},{"id":148702,"name":"EMR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EMR?f_ri=28589"},{"id":154533,"name":"Determiner Phrase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Determiner_Phrase?f_ri=28589"},{"id":320115,"name":"Electronic Medical/Health Records","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Medical_Health_Records?f_ri=28589"},{"id":366463,"name":"Global Health and Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health_and_Foreign_Policy?f_ri=28589"},{"id":1187220,"name":"Electronic Medical Record Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Medical_Record_Systems?f_ri=28589"},{"id":1207367,"name":"Electronic Medical Record","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Medical_Record?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38148993" data-work_id="38148993" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38148993/O_Sistema_de_Sa%C3%BAde_do_Estado_Novo_de_Salazar_O_Nascimento_do_Minist%C3%A9rio_da_Sa%C3%BAde_e_Assist%C3%AAncia">O Sistema de Saúde do Estado Novo de Salazar: O Nascimento do Ministério da Saúde e Assistência</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">O presente estudo é parte de uma investigação mais alargada sobre o sistema de saúde existente, em Portugal, durante o Estado Novo de Salazar. Esta investigação centra-se na evolução orgânica, política e estrutural do sector sanitário,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38148993" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">O presente estudo é parte de uma investigação mais alargada sobre o sistema de saúde existente, em Portugal, durante o Estado Novo de Salazar. Esta investigação centra-se na evolução orgânica, política e estrutural do sector sanitário, pretendendo ser um contributo, no sentido de provar que a implementação de um sistema de saúde do tipo serviço nacional de saúde, em Portugal, em 1979, foi, de facto, um ponto de rutura com a realidade que se vivia, até então, a este nível.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38148993" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a739f215db70ed96df4c7d10b0c1664d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58181769,"asset_id":38148993,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58181769/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="853409" href="https://flul.academia.edu/AndreiadeAlmeida">Andreia de Almeida</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="853409" type="text/json">{"id":853409,"first_name":"Andreia","last_name":"de Almeida","domain_name":"flul","page_name":"AndreiadeAlmeida","display_name":"Andreia de Almeida","profile_url":"https://flul.academia.edu/AndreiadeAlmeida?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/853409/303523/116461381/s65_andreia.de_almeida.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38148993 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38148993"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38148993, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38148993", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38148993]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38148993").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38148993").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38148993"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3723" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science">History of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3723" type="text/json">{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6553" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Public_Health">History of Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6553" type="text/json">{"id":6553,"name":"History of Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Public_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28589" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_">Global Public Health (History of Public Health)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28589" type="text/json">{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38148993]'), work: {"id":38148993,"title":"O Sistema de Saúde do Estado Novo de Salazar: O Nascimento do Ministério da Saúde e Assistência","created_at":"2019-01-14T05:56:05.406-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38148993/O_Sistema_de_Sa%C3%BAde_do_Estado_Novo_de_Salazar_O_Nascimento_do_Minist%C3%A9rio_da_Sa%C3%BAde_e_Assist%C3%AAncia?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_38148993","summary":"O presente estudo é parte de uma investigação mais alargada sobre o sistema de saúde existente, em Portugal, durante o Estado Novo de Salazar. 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One year later, he started the first international newsletter in this academic field, which became (and remains) the main journal today: Transcultural... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36192864" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Eric Wittkower founded McGill University’s transcultural psychiatry unit in 1955. One year later, he started the first international newsletter in this academic field, which became (and remains) the main journal today: Transcultural Psychiatry. However, at the beginning of his career Wittkower gave no signs that he would be interested in social sciences and psychiatry; he originally trained as a specialist in internal medicine in Berlin. This paper describes the historical context of the post-war period, when Wittkower founded a research unit at McGill University with an American anthropologist, Jacob Fried. Using archival material from McGill, I focus on the history of scientific networks and the circulation of knowledge, particularly on the exchanges between the French- and English-speaking academic cultures in North America and Europe. Because the history of transcultural psychiatry is a transnational history par excellence, but also a literature of exile, this leads necessarily to the important question of the reception of this academic field abroad.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36192864" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="67ea0c9d992cbd0c810113d3af90d4d1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57307708,"asset_id":36192864,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57307708/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="335003" href="https://hu-berlin.academia.edu/EmmanuelDelille">Emmanuel Delille</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="335003" type="text/json">{"id":335003,"first_name":"Emmanuel","last_name":"Delille","domain_name":"hu-berlin","page_name":"EmmanuelDelille","display_name":"Emmanuel Delille","profile_url":"https://hu-berlin.academia.edu/EmmanuelDelille?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/335003/1120939/24004045/s65_emmanuel.delille.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36192864 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36192864"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36192864, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36192864", }); 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L’analyse montre que grâce aux stratégies de récupération des fonctions globales... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31140701" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cet  article  essaie  de  comprendre  si  le  PEPFAR  et  est  un  symbole  de  la  superpuissance <br />américaine et du retour progressif vers Alma Ata. L’analyse montre que grâce aux stratégies  de  récupération  des  fonctions  globales  de  l’OMS  par  les  pays  du  G8,  les  Etats6Unis  ont  vraisemblablement  repris  à  leur  compte  l’idéal  d’ Alma  Ata  qu’ils  rejetèrent  dans  les  années  1980.  Cela leur permet de se positionner de plus en plus comme leader de la santé globale.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31140701" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fecd04d1cd3c5b693e5042e3a5a9f549" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51574937,"asset_id":31140701,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51574937/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7078892" href="https://univ-ouaga.academia.edu/YacoubaBanhoro">Yacouba Banhoro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7078892" type="text/json">{"id":7078892,"first_name":"Yacouba","last_name":"Banhoro","domain_name":"univ-ouaga","page_name":"YacoubaBanhoro","display_name":"Yacouba Banhoro","profile_url":"https://univ-ouaga.academia.edu/YacoubaBanhoro?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7078892/113010614/102278262/s65_yacouba.banhoro.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31140701 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31140701"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31140701, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31140701", }); 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Major themes to be explored include the relationship between... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7867856" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">spirit of just such an examination, this course considers public health programs and policy through the lens of contemporary politics and culture of Turkey and the Middle East. Major themes to be explored include the relationship between health systems, the state, and non-state actors (biopolitics, citizenship, social welfare regimes, health and neoliberalism, international aid, faith-based organizations and other grassroots movements), health and gender, and health and conflict. Health topics related to these themes range from fertility technologies and reproductive rights to police brutality against protesters and physicians, health in war zones and refugee camps, and the implications of recent polio outbreaks in Palestine and Syria.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7867856" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8937f91aac837680e1ad91eb431212cc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34358925,"asset_id":7867856,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34358925/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1311840" href="https://indiana.academia.edu/RebeccaMueller">Rebecca Mueller</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1311840" type="text/json">{"id":1311840,"first_name":"Rebecca","last_name":"Mueller","domain_name":"indiana","page_name":"RebeccaMueller","display_name":"Rebecca Mueller","profile_url":"https://indiana.academia.edu/RebeccaMueller?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1311840/2657085/4669698/s65_rebecca.mueller.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7867856 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7867856"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7867856, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7867856", }); 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L'actuelle fabrique de l'histoire a rendu cette remarque de plus en plus palpable. Dans The Peloponnesian War, par exemple, Donald Kagan donne à la « peste » d'Athènes trois pages ; tandis que, dans A War Like No Other, sa propre version de la guerre du Péloponnèse, Victor D. Hanson lui consacre trente-cinq pages et un chapitre spécial intitulé « La maladie » 2. La guerre est devenue l'une des dimensions de l'histoire de la santé et de la maladie. Le droit international tire dans le même sens. De nos jours, en effet, la souveraineté des États a déserté le périmètre strict de l'ordre westphalien. Dans certaines régions du monde, en tout cas. En 2001, la Commission internationale des Nations unies sur l'intervention et la souveraineté des États s'est attachée à définir la « responsabilité de protéger » qui s'impose désormais aux gouvernements. Aux quatre dimensions de la souveraineté définies en 1934</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72898601" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4be1a1a883317bc6f133776b30ee0fd0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81639003,"asset_id":72898601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81639003/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4698036" href="https://ehesp.academia.edu/PatrickZylberman">Patrick Zylberman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4698036" type="text/json">{"id":4698036,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Zylberman","domain_name":"ehesp","page_name":"PatrickZylberman","display_name":"Patrick Zylberman","profile_url":"https://ehesp.academia.edu/PatrickZylberman?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4698036/13581389/14744104/s65_patrick.zylberman.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72898601 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72898601"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72898601, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72898601", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72898601]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72898601").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72898601").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72898601"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28589" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_">Global Public Health (History of Public Health)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28589" type="text/json">{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72898601]'), work: {"id":72898601,"title":"Les conflits armés d'aujourd'hui sont essentiellement des guerres menées contre la santé publique","created_at":"2022-03-03T03:28:51.024-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72898601/Les_conflits_arm%C3%A9s_daujourdhui_sont_essentiellement_des_guerres_men%C3%A9es_contre_la_sant%C3%A9_publique?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_72898601","summary":"Professeur émérite d'histoire de la santé à l'École des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP) S'il faut en croire Michael Howard, au XX e siècle-cet « âge de la guerre totale »-« la guerre est devenue une dimension de l'histoire humaine qu'aucun historien ne peut négliger » 1. L'actuelle fabrique de l'histoire a rendu cette remarque de plus en plus palpable. Dans The Peloponnesian War, par exemple, Donald Kagan donne à la « peste » d'Athènes trois pages ; tandis que, dans A War Like No Other, sa propre version de la guerre du Péloponnèse, Victor D. Hanson lui consacre trente-cinq pages et un chapitre spécial intitulé « La maladie » 2. La guerre est devenue l'une des dimensions de l'histoire de la santé et de la maladie. Le droit international tire dans le même sens. De nos jours, en effet, la souveraineté des États a déserté le périmètre strict de l'ordre westphalien. Dans certaines régions du monde, en tout cas. En 2001, la Commission internationale des Nations unies sur l'intervention et la souveraineté des États s'est attachée à définir la « responsabilité de protéger » qui s'impose désormais aux gouvernements. Aux quatre dimensions de la souveraineté définies en 1934","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81639003,"asset_id":72898601,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4698036,"first_name":"Patrick","last_name":"Zylberman","domain_name":"ehesp","page_name":"PatrickZylberman","display_name":"Patrick Zylberman","profile_url":"https://ehesp.academia.edu/PatrickZylberman?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4698036/13581389/14744104/s65_patrick.zylberman.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49935957" data-work_id="49935957" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49935957/The_Battle_against_the_Pandemic_a_Comparison_of_Precautionsagainst_the_Disease_Variola_vera_and_COVID_19_in_Slovakia_Boj_vo%C4%8Di_pand%C3%A9mii_porovnanie_opatren%C3%AD_v_boji_proti_ochoreniu_Variola_vera_a_COVID_19_na_%C3%BAzem%C3%AD_Slovenska_in_Historia_Medicinae_Slovaca_VI">The Battle against the Pandemic (a Comparison of Precautionsagainst the Disease Variola vera and COVID-19 in Slovakia) / Boj voči pandémii (porovnanie opatrení v boji proti ochoreniu Variola vera a COVID-19 na území Slovenska) in Historia Medicinae Slovaca VI</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In both of the cases, smallpox and Covid-19 disease, regulations with pre-ventive and also protective character were applied by the state. The reason why these two diseases and pandemics have been chosen for comparison beside the fact... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49935957" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In both of the cases, smallpox and Covid-19 disease, regulations with pre-ventive and also protective character were applied by the state. The reason why these two diseases and pandemics have been chosen for comparison beside the fact that they started in different time, they appeared in the same territory. Ter-ritory of todays Slovakia witnessed in both cases precautions and regulations from the position of the state. The vaccination and the distribution of vaccines remains aparticular issue. In this article we will focus on aprimary monitoring of both pandemics.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49935957" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d8cc707c9dbc05c7f139e21910460ba6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68108372,"asset_id":49935957,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68108372/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24278201" href="https://unipo.academia.edu/Vavrinec%C5%BDe%C5%88uch">Vavrinec Žeňuch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24278201" type="text/json">{"id":24278201,"first_name":"Vavrinec","last_name":"Žeňuch","domain_name":"unipo","page_name":"VavrinecŽeňuch","display_name":"Vavrinec Žeňuch","profile_url":"https://unipo.academia.edu/Vavrinec%C5%BDe%C5%88uch?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24278201/6551490/35345351/s65_vavrinec._e_uch.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49935957 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49935957"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49935957, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49935957", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49935957]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49935957").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49935957").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49935957"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="586" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="586" type="text/json">{"id":586,"name":"Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1085" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology">Epidemiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1085" type="text/json">{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2273" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine">History of Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2273" type="text/json">{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49935957]'), work: {"id":49935957,"title":"The Battle against the Pandemic (a Comparison of Precautionsagainst the Disease Variola vera and COVID-19 in Slovakia) / Boj voči pandémii (porovnanie opatrení v boji proti ochoreniu Variola vera a COVID-19 na území Slovenska) in Historia Medicinae Slovaca VI","created_at":"2021-07-15T03:37:54.347-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49935957/The_Battle_against_the_Pandemic_a_Comparison_of_Precautionsagainst_the_Disease_Variola_vera_and_COVID_19_in_Slovakia_Boj_vo%C4%8Di_pand%C3%A9mii_porovnanie_opatren%C3%AD_v_boji_proti_ochoreniu_Variola_vera_a_COVID_19_na_%C3%BAzem%C3%AD_Slovenska_in_Historia_Medicinae_Slovaca_VI?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_49935957","summary":"In both of the cases, smallpox and Covid-19 disease, regulations with pre-ventive and also protective character were applied by the state. The reason why these two diseases and pandemics have been chosen for comparison beside the fact that they started in different time, they appeared in the same territory. Ter-ritory of todays Slovakia witnessed in both cases precautions and regulations from the position of the state. The vaccination and the distribution of vaccines remains aparticular issue. In this article we will focus on aprimary monitoring of both pandemics.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68108372,"asset_id":49935957,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24278201,"first_name":"Vavrinec","last_name":"Žeňuch","domain_name":"unipo","page_name":"VavrinecŽeňuch","display_name":"Vavrinec Žeňuch","profile_url":"https://unipo.academia.edu/Vavrinec%C5%BDe%C5%88uch?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24278201/6551490/35345351/s65_vavrinec._e_uch.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":586,"name":"Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":1085,"name":"Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Epidemiology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":2273,"name":"History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=28589"},{"id":6553,"name":"History of Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Public_Health?f_ri=28589"},{"id":10749,"name":"History of Public Administration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Public_Administration?f_ri=28589"},{"id":11180,"name":"History of Hungary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Hungary?f_ri=28589"},{"id":13965,"name":"18th \u0026 19th Centuries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/18th_and_19th_Centuries?f_ri=28589"},{"id":15699,"name":"History of Everyday Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Everyday_Life?f_ri=28589"},{"id":25175,"name":"Social History of Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History_of_Medicine?f_ri=28589"},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589"},{"id":33351,"name":"History of Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Epidemiology?f_ri=28589"},{"id":39568,"name":"History of Smallpox and Vaccination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Smallpox_and_Vaccination?f_ri=28589"},{"id":99973,"name":"History of Medicine in Medieval and Early Modern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine_in_Medieval_and_Early_Modern_Europe?f_ri=28589"},{"id":277869,"name":"History of Epidemics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Epidemics?f_ri=28589"},{"id":485628,"name":"History of Slovakia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Slovakia?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50116630" data-work_id="50116630" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50116630/The_Politics_of_Environments_before_the_Environment_Biopolitics_in_the_longue_dur%C3%A9e">The Politics of Environments before the Environment: Biopolitics in the longue durée</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Our understanding of body–world relations is caught in a curious contradiction. On one side, it is well established that many concepts that describe interaction with the outer world – ‘plasticity’ or ‘metabolism’- or external influences... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50116630" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Our understanding of body–world relations is caught in a curious contradiction. On one side, it is well established that many concepts that describe interaction with the outer world – ‘plasticity’ or ‘metabolism’- or external influences on the body - ‘environment’ or ‘milieu’ – appeared with the rise of modern science. On the other side, although premodern science lacked a unifying term for it, an anxious attentiveness to the power of ‘environmental factors’ in shaping physical and moral traits held sway in nearly all medical systems before and alongside modern Europe. In this article, I build on a new historiography on the policing of bodies and environments in medieval times and at the urban scale to problematize Foucault’s claim about biopolitics as a modern phenomenon born in the European eighteenth-century. I look in particular at the collective usage of ancient medicine and manipulation of the milieu based on humoralist notions of corporeal permeability (Hippocrates, Galen, Ibn Sīnā) in the Islamicate and Latin Christendom between the 12th and the 15th century. This longer history has implications also for a richer genealogy of contemporary tropes of plasticity, permeability and environmental determinism beyond usual genealogies that take as a starting point the making of the modern body and EuroAmerican biomedicine.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50116630" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f9480b8effc67a4e7c51d278b9f2f73e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68222550,"asset_id":50116630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68222550/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4391474" href="https://deakin.academia.edu/MaurizioMeloni">Maurizio Meloni</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4391474" type="text/json">{"id":4391474,"first_name":"Maurizio","last_name":"Meloni","domain_name":"deakin","page_name":"MaurizioMeloni","display_name":"Maurizio Meloni","profile_url":"https://deakin.academia.edu/MaurizioMeloni?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4391474/1779171/21787930/s65_maurizio.meloni.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50116630 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50116630"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50116630, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50116630", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50116630 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50116630; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50116630"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50116630 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50116630"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50116630; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50116630]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50116630").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50116630").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50116630"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2860" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies">Postcolonial Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2860" type="text/json">{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3722" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_History">Environmental History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3722" type="text/json">{"id":3722,"name":"Environmental History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7812" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_Of_Technology_Science_And_Technology_Studies_">Sociology Of Technology (Science And Technology Studies)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7812" type="text/json">{"id":7812,"name":"Sociology Of Technology (Science And Technology Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_Of_Technology_Science_And_Technology_Studies_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9846" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9846" type="text/json">{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50116630]'), work: {"id":50116630,"title":"The Politics of Environments before the Environment: Biopolitics in the longue durée","created_at":"2021-07-20T17:19:17.790-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50116630/The_Politics_of_Environments_before_the_Environment_Biopolitics_in_the_longue_dur%C3%A9e?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_50116630","summary":"Our understanding of body–world relations is caught in a curious contradiction. On one side, it is well established that many concepts that describe interaction with the outer world – ‘plasticity’ or ‘metabolism’- or external influences on the body - ‘environment’ or ‘milieu’ – appeared with the rise of modern science. On the other side, although premodern science lacked a unifying term for it, an anxious attentiveness to the power of ‘environmental factors’ in shaping physical and moral traits held sway in nearly all medical systems before and alongside modern Europe. In this article, I build on a new historiography on the policing of bodies and environments in medieval times and at the urban scale to problematize Foucault’s claim about biopolitics as a modern phenomenon born in the European eighteenth-century. I look in particular at the collective usage of ancient medicine and manipulation of the milieu based on humoralist notions of corporeal permeability (Hippocrates, Galen, Ibn Sīnā) in the Islamicate and Latin Christendom between the 12th and the 15th century. This longer history has implications also for a richer genealogy of contemporary tropes of plasticity, permeability and environmental determinism beyond usual genealogies that take as a starting point the making of the modern body and EuroAmerican biomedicine.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68222550,"asset_id":50116630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4391474,"first_name":"Maurizio","last_name":"Meloni","domain_name":"deakin","page_name":"MaurizioMeloni","display_name":"Maurizio Meloni","profile_url":"https://deakin.academia.edu/MaurizioMeloni?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4391474/1779171/21787930/s65_maurizio.meloni.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2860,"name":"Postcolonial Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Studies?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":3722,"name":"Environmental History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":7812,"name":"Sociology Of Technology (Science And Technology Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_Of_Technology_Science_And_Technology_Studies_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":11927,"name":"Michel Foucault","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michel_Foucault?f_ri=28589"},{"id":13334,"name":"Global History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_History?f_ri=28589"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=28589"},{"id":16323,"name":"Biopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopolitics?f_ri=28589"},{"id":19663,"name":"Urban Environmental History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Environmental_History?f_ri=28589"},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589"},{"id":29508,"name":"History of Medicine and the Body","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Medicine_and_the_Body?f_ri=28589"},{"id":76626,"name":"New Materialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Materialism?f_ri=28589"},{"id":110388,"name":"Biopower and Biopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopower_and_Biopolitics?f_ri=28589"},{"id":188300,"name":"Nature and Nurture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature_and_Nurture?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49113499" data-work_id="49113499" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49113499/Lopes_M_A_Enfermagem_hospitalar_em_Portugal_secs_XVI_XIX_Mitos_e_realidades_2021">Lopes, M.A.Enfermagem hospitalar em Portugal secs. XVI-XIX.Mitos e realidades, 2021</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">O conhecimento da enfermagem hospitalar portuguesa deu passos relevantes no que respeita ao final da Monarquia constitucional e ao século XX, mas o assunto continua por investigar para os períodos anteriores, o que provoca a reprodução de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49113499" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">O conhecimento da enfermagem hospitalar portuguesa deu passos relevantes no que respeita ao final da Monarquia constitucional e ao século XX, mas o assunto continua por investigar para os períodos anteriores, o que provoca a reprodução de afirmações desacertadas, não sustentadas em investigação e reveladoras de desconhecimento das sociedades de então. Tais convicções implicam, por sua vez, interpretações menos corretas sobre as transformações da enfermagem portuguesa no século XIX.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49113499" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c414e303dcfb5410210dfa0ebcc17e8a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67506755,"asset_id":49113499,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67506755/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8664230" href="https://coimbra.academia.edu/MariaAnt%C3%B3niaLopes">Maria Antónia Lopes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8664230" type="text/json">{"id":8664230,"first_name":"Maria Antónia","last_name":"Lopes","domain_name":"coimbra","page_name":"MariaAntóniaLopes","display_name":"Maria Antónia Lopes","profile_url":"https://coimbra.academia.edu/MariaAnt%C3%B3niaLopes?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8664230/2887470/3372810/s65_maria_ant_nia.lopes.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49113499 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49113499"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49113499, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49113499", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49113499]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49113499").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49113499").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49113499"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6553" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Public_Health">History of Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6553" type="text/json">{"id":6553,"name":"History of Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Public_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13331" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Nursing">History of Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13331" type="text/json">{"id":13331,"name":"History of Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Nursing?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28589" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_">Global Public Health (History of Public Health)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28589" type="text/json">{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="61293" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_History">Health History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="61293" type="text/json">{"id":61293,"name":"Health History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49113499]'), work: {"id":49113499,"title":"Lopes, M.A.Enfermagem hospitalar em Portugal secs. XVI-XIX.Mitos e realidades, 2021","created_at":"2021-06-03T11:56:21.782-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49113499/Lopes_M_A_Enfermagem_hospitalar_em_Portugal_secs_XVI_XIX_Mitos_e_realidades_2021?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_49113499","summary":"O conhecimento da enfermagem hospitalar portuguesa deu passos relevantes no que respeita ao final da Monarquia constitucional e ao século XX, mas o assunto continua por investigar para os períodos anteriores, o que provoca a reprodução de afirmações desacertadas, não sustentadas em investigação e reveladoras de desconhecimento das sociedades de então. Tais convicções implicam, por sua vez, interpretações menos corretas sobre as transformações da enfermagem portuguesa no século XIX.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67506755,"asset_id":49113499,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8664230,"first_name":"Maria Antónia","last_name":"Lopes","domain_name":"coimbra","page_name":"MariaAntóniaLopes","display_name":"Maria Antónia Lopes","profile_url":"https://coimbra.academia.edu/MariaAnt%C3%B3niaLopes?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8664230/2887470/3372810/s65_maria_ant_nia.lopes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6553,"name":"History of Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Public_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":13331,"name":"History of Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Nursing?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":61293,"name":"Health History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":84599,"name":"História das Ciências da Saúde. História da Assistência à Saúde. História da Saúde e das Doenças. História do Patrimônio Cultural da Saúde.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_das_Ciencias_da_Saude._Historia_da_Assistencia_a_Saude._Historia_da_Saude_e_das_Do?f_ri=28589"},{"id":114828,"name":"Nuns","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuns?f_ri=28589"},{"id":115261,"name":"Enfermeria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enfermeria?f_ri=28589"},{"id":461660,"name":"Nursery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursery?f_ri=28589"},{"id":781771,"name":"Ciências da Saúde","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ci%C3%AAncias_da_Sa%C3%BAde?f_ri=28589"},{"id":1196763,"name":"Historia De La Salud Publica","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_De_La_Salud_Publica?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13072225" data-work_id="13072225" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13072225/Introduction_in_J_V%C3%B6gele_H_Umehara_ed_Gateways_of_Disease_Public_Health_in_European_and_Asian_Port_Cities_at_the_Birth_of_the_Modern_world_in_the_late_19th_and_early_20th_century_G%C3%B6ttingen_2015_11_24">Introduction, in: J. Vögele, H. Umehara (ed.): Gateways of Disease. Public Health in European and Asian Port Cities at the Birth of the Modern world in the late 19th and early 20th century, Göttingen 2015, 11-24</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13072225" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="de784433543fa4cca69f2b4d6ec50f87" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37937059,"asset_id":13072225,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37937059/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8653116" href="https://uni-duesseldorf.academia.edu/J%C3%B6rgV%C3%B6gele">Jörg Vögele</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8653116" type="text/json">{"id":8653116,"first_name":"Jörg","last_name":"Vögele","domain_name":"uni-duesseldorf","page_name":"JörgVögele","display_name":"Jörg Vögele","profile_url":"https://uni-duesseldorf.academia.edu/J%C3%B6rgV%C3%B6gele?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8653116/2879461/3363825/s65_j_rg.v_gele.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13072225 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13072225"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13072225, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13072225", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/24090300/Unraveling_the_Search_for_Microbial_Control_in_Twentieth_Century_Pandemics">Unraveling the Search for Microbial Control in Twentieth-Century Pandemics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24090300" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ac5d17b63b4d73cfe69b3605788620be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48358661,"asset_id":24090300,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_microbiology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24090300]'), work: {"id":24090300,"title":"Unraveling the Search for Microbial Control in Twentieth-Century Pandemics","created_at":"2016-04-05T20:03:51.199-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24090300/Unraveling_the_Search_for_Microbial_Control_in_Twentieth_Century_Pandemics?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_24090300","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48358661,"asset_id":24090300,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46410825,"first_name":"Victoria","last_name":"Lee","domain_name":"ohio","page_name":"VictoriaLee","display_name":"Victoria 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37673814/Studies_in_Arts_and_Humanities_Public_Health_in_Colonial_and_Post_Colonial_Ghana_Lesson_Drawing_for_the_Twenty_First_Century">Studies in Arts and Humanities Public Health in Colonial and Post-Colonial Ghana: Lesson-Drawing for the Twenty-First Century</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Public health in twenty-first century Ghana is mired with several issues ranging from the inadequacy of public health facilities, improper settlement planning, insanitary conditions, and the inadequacy of laws and their implementation.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37673814" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Public health in twenty-first century Ghana is mired with several issues ranging from the inadequacy of public health facilities, improper settlement planning, insanitary conditions, and the inadequacy of laws and their implementation. This situation compared to the colonial era is a direct contradiction. Development in the pre-colonial era to the colonial era sought to make the prevention of diseases a priority in the colonial administration. This was begun with the establishment of the health branch in 1909 as a response to the bubonic plague that was fast spreading in the colony. From here public health policies and strategies were enacted to help the diseases prevention cause. Various public health boards, the medical research institute or the laboratory branch, the waste management department, the use of preventive medicine and maintenance of good settlement planning and sanitation were public health measures in the colonial era. This research seeks to analyse the public health system in the colonial era so as to draw basic lessons for twenty-first century Ghana. Archival data and other secondary sources are reviewed and analysed to help draw these lessons. Richard Rose's lesson-drawing approach was used to draw the lessons.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37673814" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e3fcb657a1e5486cbb48d1ef579389ad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57662870,"asset_id":37673814,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57662870/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24317491" href="https://knust.academia.edu/SAduGyamfi">Samuel Adu-Gyamfi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24317491" type="text/json">{"id":24317491,"first_name":"Samuel","last_name":"Adu-Gyamfi","domain_name":"knust","page_name":"SAduGyamfi","display_name":"Samuel Adu-Gyamfi","profile_url":"https://knust.academia.edu/SAduGyamfi?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24317491/6567045/7425004/s65_samuel.adu-gyamfi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37673814 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37673814"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37673814, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37673814", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37673814]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37673814").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37673814").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37673814"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6810" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Policy">Public Health Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6810" type="text/json">{"id":6810,"name":"Public Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Policy?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28589" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_">Global Public Health (History of Public Health)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28589" type="text/json">{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37673814]'), work: {"id":37673814,"title":"Studies in Arts and Humanities Public Health in Colonial and Post-Colonial Ghana: Lesson-Drawing for the Twenty-First Century","created_at":"2018-10-30T05:16:24.865-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37673814/Studies_in_Arts_and_Humanities_Public_Health_in_Colonial_and_Post_Colonial_Ghana_Lesson_Drawing_for_the_Twenty_First_Century?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_37673814","summary":"Public health in twenty-first century Ghana is mired with several issues ranging from the inadequacy of public health facilities, improper settlement planning, insanitary conditions, and the inadequacy of laws and their implementation. This situation compared to the colonial era is a direct contradiction. Development in the pre-colonial era to the colonial era sought to make the prevention of diseases a priority in the colonial administration. This was begun with the establishment of the health branch in 1909 as a response to the bubonic plague that was fast spreading in the colony. From here public health policies and strategies were enacted to help the diseases prevention cause. Various public health boards, the medical research institute or the laboratory branch, the waste management department, the use of preventive medicine and maintenance of good settlement planning and sanitation were public health measures in the colonial era. This research seeks to analyse the public health system in the colonial era so as to draw basic lessons for twenty-first century Ghana. Archival data and other secondary sources are reviewed and analysed to help draw these lessons. Richard Rose's lesson-drawing approach was used to draw the lessons.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57662870,"asset_id":37673814,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24317491,"first_name":"Samuel","last_name":"Adu-Gyamfi","domain_name":"knust","page_name":"SAduGyamfi","display_name":"Samuel Adu-Gyamfi","profile_url":"https://knust.academia.edu/SAduGyamfi?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24317491/6567045/7425004/s65_samuel.adu-gyamfi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6810,"name":"Public Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health_Policy?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14982085 coauthored" data-work_id="14982085" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14982085/Poder_y_saber_en_la_historia_de_la_salud_en_Colombia">Poder y saber en la historia de la salud en Colombia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">En pleno auge de la modernización de las ciudades colombianas, se instaura y se difunde un conjunto de actitudes, sensibilidades, conocimientos, instituciones y prácticas nuevos. En esa transición del siglo XIX al XX, la propagación de lo... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14982085" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">En pleno auge de la modernización de las ciudades colombianas, se instaura y se difunde un conjunto de actitudes, sensibilidades, conocimientos, instituciones y prácticas nuevos. En esa transición del siglo XIX al XX, la propagación de lo nuevo, inscrita necesariamente en la duración, en el espacio geográfico, en la sociedad y en el imaginario cobra una importancia social inusitada, sobre todo en el mundo urbano. Los citadinos se sienten modernos y modernizadores. Los campesinos recién llegados se ven arrastrados por el proyecto burgués de civilización. Los políticos y los médicos se sienten misioneros de una salvación colectiva basada en la higiene. Los negocios y las empresas prosperan. Y las demandas de la población con respecto a la medicina crecen en forma descomunal.<br />Curar, asistir, clasificar pobres y enfermos, prevenir, vigilar y controlar, detectar gérmenes, saber, investigar y enseñar, controvertir y convencer, mostrar y comprender son muestra de la gran panoplia de prácticas ligadas a la medicina y a su historia, a las complejas relaciones entre el saber y el poder. La salud, la enfermedad, la medicina y el cuerpo son objetos problemáticos de gran interés para los historiadores, pero son también temas que nos permiten comprender las sociedades del pasado. Así, este libro es una contribución para comprender lo que somos.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14982085" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a9d0ab5a26e851e521e3a092fd58c831" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38495528,"asset_id":14982085,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38495528/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="921690" href="https://unbosque.academia.edu/VictorManuelGARCIA">Victor Manuel GARCIA</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="921690" type="text/json">{"id":921690,"first_name":"Victor Manuel","last_name":"GARCIA","domain_name":"unbosque","page_name":"VictorManuelGARCIA","display_name":"Victor Manuel GARCIA","profile_url":"https://unbosque.academia.edu/VictorManuelGARCIA?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/921690/344203/1720357/s65_v_ctor.garc_a.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14982085">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14982085"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://unal.academia.edu/JorgeM%C3%A1rquezValderrama">Jorge Márquez Valderrama</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14982085'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14982085').html(); 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En esa transición del siglo XIX al XX, la propagación de lo nuevo, inscrita necesariamente en la duración, en el espacio geográfico, en la sociedad y en el imaginario cobra una importancia social inusitada, sobre todo en el mundo urbano. Los citadinos se sienten modernos y modernizadores. Los campesinos recién llegados se ven arrastrados por el proyecto burgués de civilización. Los políticos y los médicos se sienten misioneros de una salvación colectiva basada en la higiene. Los negocios y las empresas prosperan. Y las demandas de la población con respecto a la medicina crecen en forma descomunal.\nCurar, asistir, clasificar pobres y enfermos, prevenir, vigilar y controlar, detectar gérmenes, saber, investigar y enseñar, controvertir y convencer, mostrar y comprender son muestra de la gran panoplia de prácticas ligadas a la medicina y a su historia, a las complejas relaciones entre el saber y el poder. La salud, la enfermedad, la medicina y el cuerpo son objetos problemáticos de gran interés para los historiadores, pero son también temas que nos permiten comprender las sociedades del pasado. 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German Social Hygienists in the International Health Scene</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/418299" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a6abccf7abf0999244de821fcb2885c4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":1939465,"asset_id":418299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1939465/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="313377" href="https://shu-cn.academia.edu/IrisBorowy">Iris Borowy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="313377" type="text/json">{"id":313377,"first_name":"Iris","last_name":"Borowy","domain_name":"shu-cn","page_name":"IrisBorowy","display_name":"Iris Borowy","profile_url":"https://shu-cn.academia.edu/IrisBorowy?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/313377/444862/553458/s65_iris.borowy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_418299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="418299"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 418299, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_418299", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=418299]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_418299").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_418299").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="418299"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12604" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Organizations_International_Studies_">International Organizations (International Studies)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12604" type="text/json">{"id":12604,"name":"International Organizations (International Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Organizations_International_Studies_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28589" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_">Global Public Health (History of Public Health)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28589" type="text/json">{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=418299]'), work: {"id":418299,"title":"In the Shadow of Grotjahn. German Social Hygienists in the International Health Scene","created_at":"2011-01-20T18:51:00.695-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/418299/In_the_Shadow_of_Grotjahn_German_Social_Hygienists_in_the_International_Health_Scene?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_418299","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":1939465,"asset_id":418299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":313377,"first_name":"Iris","last_name":"Borowy","domain_name":"shu-cn","page_name":"IrisBorowy","display_name":"Iris Borowy","profile_url":"https://shu-cn.academia.edu/IrisBorowy?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/313377/444862/553458/s65_iris.borowy.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":12604,"name":"International Organizations (International Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Organizations_International_Studies_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49499253" data-work_id="49499253" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/49499253/12_257_Introduction_to_Medical_Anthropology">12 257 Introduction to Medical Anthropology</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Medical anthropology involves up-close, person-centered, and ethically engaged examination of the complex cultural dynamics that underpin and give rise not only to health and wellbeing, illness and death, but also the medical systems on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49499253" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Medical anthropology involves up-close, person-centered, and ethically engaged examination of the complex cultural dynamics that underpin and give rise not only to health and wellbeing, illness and death, but also the medical systems on which we rely for treatment and cure. This introductory course will first discuss the history and development of medical anthropology as a sub-discipline of sociocultural anthropology. We will briefly explore the multiple directions that medical anthropology<br />has taken since its inception, and the interdisciplinary approaches, concepts, and theories so central to contemporary anthropologists’ research, outreach, and activism. We will also discuss the field-based<br />methods used by medical anthropologists – and ethnographers in particular – to investigate how cultural forces shape issues of health, illness, and medicine. <br /><br />The course will next focus on recent theoretical and ethnographic developments, such as the evolution of meaning-centered and critical medical anthropology approaches. Special attention will be paid to<br />anthropologists’ efforts to explore how bodies, health and illness, and also medical services and systems are at the nexus of – and bear the effects of - intersecting neoliberal and capitalistic forces. In addressing the ways that social, political, and economic systems give rise to health (in)equity and (in)justice, we will gain insights to the socially important and applied ways that ethnography pulls into view otherwise obscured or invisible experiences, and the forms of suffering and signs of hope these entail. To this end, we will work together to review critical theories and ethnographic case studies of health and medicine in North America and around the world.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49499253" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9d3810721310b8b5f087b7bb5189c1e2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67837707,"asset_id":49499253,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67837707/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1093109" rel="nofollow" href="https://brandonu.academia.edu/EmmaVarley">Emma Varley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1093109" type="text/json">{"id":1093109,"first_name":"Emma","last_name":"Varley","domain_name":"brandonu","page_name":"EmmaVarley","display_name":"Emma Varley","profile_url":"https://brandonu.academia.edu/EmmaVarley?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1093109/379626/78350731/s65_emma.varley.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49499253 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49499253"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49499253, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49499253", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49499253]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49499253").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49499253").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49499253"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="793" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Anthropology">Medical Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="793" type="text/json">{"id":793,"name":"Medical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Anthropology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4990" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health">Global Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4990" type="text/json">{"id":4990,"name":"Global Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6384" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Medical_Anthropology">Critical Medical Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6384" type="text/json">{"id":6384,"name":"Critical Medical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Medical_Anthropology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28589" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_">Global Public Health (History of Public Health)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28589" type="text/json">{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49499253]'), work: {"id":49499253,"title":"12 257 Introduction to Medical Anthropology","created_at":"2021-07-01T12:15:31.873-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49499253/12_257_Introduction_to_Medical_Anthropology?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_49499253","summary":"Medical anthropology involves up-close, person-centered, and ethically engaged examination of the complex cultural dynamics that underpin and give rise not only to health and wellbeing, illness and death, but also the medical systems on which we rely for treatment and cure. This introductory course will first discuss the history and development of medical anthropology as a sub-discipline of sociocultural anthropology. We will briefly explore the multiple directions that medical anthropology\nhas taken since its inception, and the interdisciplinary approaches, concepts, and theories so central to contemporary anthropologists’ research, outreach, and activism. We will also discuss the field-based\nmethods used by medical anthropologists – and ethnographers in particular – to investigate how cultural forces shape issues of health, illness, and medicine. \n\nThe course will next focus on recent theoretical and ethnographic developments, such as the evolution of meaning-centered and critical medical anthropology approaches. Special attention will be paid to\nanthropologists’ efforts to explore how bodies, health and illness, and also medical services and systems are at the nexus of – and bear the effects of - intersecting neoliberal and capitalistic forces. In addressing the ways that social, political, and economic systems give rise to health (in)equity and (in)justice, we will gain insights to the socially important and applied ways that ethnography pulls into view otherwise obscured or invisible experiences, and the forms of suffering and signs of hope these entail. To this end, we will work together to review critical theories and ethnographic case studies of health and medicine in North America and around the world.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67837707,"asset_id":49499253,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1093109,"first_name":"Emma","last_name":"Varley","domain_name":"brandonu","page_name":"EmmaVarley","display_name":"Emma Varley","profile_url":"https://brandonu.academia.edu/EmmaVarley?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1093109/379626/78350731/s65_emma.varley.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":793,"name":"Medical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Anthropology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":4990,"name":"Global Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":6384,"name":"Critical Medical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Medical_Anthropology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":66133,"name":"Global Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health?f_ri=28589"},{"id":198480,"name":"Hospital Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hospital_Ethnography?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2976472" data-work_id="2976472" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2976472/Healing_the_Nation_Politics_Medicine_and_Analogies_of_Health_in_Southeast_Asia_version_1_0_">Healing the Nation: Politics, Medicine and Analogies of Health in Southeast Asia (version 1.0)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2976472" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fb4e9ca5f13aba61d74cb31c5b301c08" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30933860,"asset_id":2976472,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30933860/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="314948" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/RachelLeow">Rachel Leow</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="314948" type="text/json">{"id":314948,"first_name":"Rachel","last_name":"Leow","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"RachelLeow","display_name":"Rachel Leow","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/RachelLeow?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/314948/63331/192652/s65_rachel.leow.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2976472 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2976472"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2976472, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2976472", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2976472 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2976472; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2976472"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2976472 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2976472"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2976472; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2976472]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2976472").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2976472").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2976472"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="380" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies">Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="380" type="text/json">{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1031" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies">Southeast Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1031" type="text/json">{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1166" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory">International Relations Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1166" type="text/json">{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2976472]'), work: {"id":2976472,"title":"Healing the Nation: Politics, Medicine and Analogies of Health in Southeast Asia (version 1.0)","created_at":"2013-03-13T12:05:53.457-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2976472/Healing_the_Nation_Politics_Medicine_and_Analogies_of_Health_in_Southeast_Asia_version_1_0_?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_2976472","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30933860,"asset_id":2976472,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":314948,"first_name":"Rachel","last_name":"Leow","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"RachelLeow","display_name":"Rachel Leow","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/RachelLeow?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/314948/63331/192652/s65_rachel.leow.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":1031,"name":"Southeast Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":1166,"name":"International Relations Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations_Theory?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=28589"},{"id":4085,"name":"Homeopathy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homeopathy?f_ri=28589"},{"id":5878,"name":"Nationalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nationalism?f_ri=28589"},{"id":6553,"name":"History of Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Public_Health?f_ri=28589"},{"id":6556,"name":"Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism?f_ri=28589"},{"id":6746,"name":"Southeast Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asia?f_ri=28589"},{"id":10422,"name":"National Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Identity?f_ri=28589"},{"id":11218,"name":"Darwinism - International reception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Darwinism_-_International_reception?f_ri=28589"},{"id":15150,"name":"British Imperial and Colonial History (1600 - )","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Imperial_and_Colonial_History_1600_-_?f_ri=28589"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=28589"},{"id":23457,"name":"Darwinism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Darwinism?f_ri=28589"},{"id":25845,"name":"Southeast Asian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Politics?f_ri=28589"},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589"},{"id":28771,"name":"Contemporary Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Political_Philosophy?f_ri=28589"},{"id":30010,"name":"Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empire?f_ri=28589"},{"id":33180,"name":"Political Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Islam?f_ri=28589"},{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=28589"},{"id":66420,"name":"Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Thought?f_ri=28589"},{"id":1222787,"name":"Middle East, South Asia and Southeast Asian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_South_Asia_and_Southeast_Asian_Politics?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2568596" data-work_id="2568596" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2568596/Security_Disease_Commerce_Ideologies_of_Postcolonial_Global_Health">Security, Disease, Commerce Ideologies of Postcolonial Global Health</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Public health in the United States and Western Europe has long been allied with national security and international commerce. During the 1990s, American virologists and public health experts capitalized on this historical association,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2568596" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Public health in the United States and Western Europe has long been allied with national security and international commerce. During the 1990s, American virologists and public health experts capitalized on this historical association, arguing that 'emerging diseases' presented a threat to American political and economic interests. This paper investigates these arguments, which I call the 'emerging diseases worldview', and compares it to colonial-era ideologies of medicine and public health. Three points of comparison are emphasized: the mapping of space and relative importance of territoriality; the increasing emphasis on information and commodity exchange networks; and the transition from metaphors of conversion and a 'civilizing mission', to integration and international development. Although colonial and postcolonial ideologies of global health remain deeply intertwined, significant differences are becoming apparent.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2568596" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="906f1bfffed9fa52bc00c5dcd777454b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31100753,"asset_id":2568596,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31100753/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3329384" href="https://mcgill.academia.edu/NicholasKing">Nicholas King</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3329384" type="text/json">{"id":3329384,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"King","domain_name":"mcgill","page_name":"NicholasKing","display_name":"Nicholas King","profile_url":"https://mcgill.academia.edu/NicholasKing?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3329384/1115591/1400503/s65_nicholas.king.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2568596 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2568596"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2568596, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2568596", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2568596 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2568596; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2568596"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2568596 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2568596"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2568596; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2568596]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2568596").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2568596").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2568596"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9466" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization_And_Health">Globalization And Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9466" type="text/json">{"id":9466,"name":"Globalization And Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization_And_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28589" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_">Global Public Health (History of Public Health)</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28589" type="text/json">{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2568596]'), work: {"id":2568596,"title":"Security, Disease, Commerce Ideologies of Postcolonial Global Health","created_at":"2013-02-13T06:59:32.681-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2568596/Security_Disease_Commerce_Ideologies_of_Postcolonial_Global_Health?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_2568596","summary":"Public health in the United States and Western Europe has long been allied with national security and international commerce. During the 1990s, American virologists and public health experts capitalized on this historical association, arguing that 'emerging diseases' presented a threat to American political and economic interests. This paper investigates these arguments, which I call the 'emerging diseases worldview', and compares it to colonial-era ideologies of medicine and public health. Three points of comparison are emphasized: the mapping of space and relative importance of territoriality; the increasing emphasis on information and commodity exchange networks; and the transition from metaphors of conversion and a 'civilizing mission', to integration and international development. Although colonial and postcolonial ideologies of global health remain deeply intertwined, significant differences are becoming apparent.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31100753,"asset_id":2568596,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3329384,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"King","domain_name":"mcgill","page_name":"NicholasKing","display_name":"Nicholas King","profile_url":"https://mcgill.academia.edu/NicholasKing?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3329384/1115591/1400503/s65_nicholas.king.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9466,"name":"Globalization And Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization_And_Health?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37626680" data-work_id="37626680" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37626680/De_Bombaim_ao_Rio_de_Janeiro_circula%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_conhecimento_e_a_cria%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Laborat%C3%B3rio_de_Manguinhos_1894_1902">De Bombaim ao Rio de Janeiro: circulação de conhecimento e a criação do Laboratório de Manguinhos, 1894-1902</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Para se compreender a fundação, em 1900, e os primeiros trabalhos científicos do Instituto Soroterápico Federal, é necessário analisar a circulação de conhecimento e a disputa internacional envolvendo os soros antipestosos e as vacinas... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37626680" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Para se compreender a fundação, em<br />1900, e os primeiros trabalhos científicos<br />do Instituto Soroterápico Federal, é<br />necessário analisar a circulação de<br />conhecimento e a disputa internacional<br />envolvendo os soros antipestosos e as<br />vacinas antipestosas. O artigo discute<br />a criação do primeiro soro antipestoso,<br />em Paris, e os testes realizados a partir de<br />1897 na Índia. Paralelamente, examina<br />a invenção da vacina antipestosa<br />na mesma época em Bombaim e a<br />oposição construída entre ela e o soro<br />antipestoso francês. Em seguida, observa<br />os diferentes caminhos pelos quais<br />esses objetos chegaram ao Brasil e como<br />questões locais se conectaram à disputa<br />científica internacional e justificaram, no<br />Rio de Janeiro, reconfigurações em torno<br />desses dois objetos.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37626680" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2fd0826ad49ef1686f2dc2ef8f0cc15f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57610913,"asset_id":37626680,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57610913/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10489227" href="https://st-andrews.academia.edu/MatheusAlvesDuartedaSilva">Matheus Alves Duarte da Silva</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10489227" type="text/json">{"id":10489227,"first_name":"Matheus","last_name":"Alves Duarte da Silva","domain_name":"st-andrews","page_name":"MatheusAlvesDuartedaSilva","display_name":"Matheus Alves Duarte da Silva","profile_url":"https://st-andrews.academia.edu/MatheusAlvesDuartedaSilva?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10489227/12602014/148140900/s65_matheus.alves_duarte_da_silva.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37626680 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37626680"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37626680, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37626680", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_37626680 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37626680; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_37626680"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_37626680 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37626680"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37626680; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37626680]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37626680").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37626680").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37626680"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3284" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteriology">Bacteriology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3284" type="text/json">{"id":3284,"name":"Bacteriology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteriology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3723" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science">History of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3723" type="text/json">{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3827" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Studies">Brazilian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3827" type="text/json">{"id":3827,"name":"Brazilian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Studies?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8233" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_History">Transnational History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8233" type="text/json">{"id":8233,"name":"Transnational History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37626680]'), work: {"id":37626680,"title":"De Bombaim ao Rio\r\nde Janeiro: circulação\r\nde conhecimento e a\r\ncriação do Laboratório de\r\nManguinhos, 1894-1902","created_at":"2018-10-22T05:20:09.585-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37626680/De_Bombaim_ao_Rio_de_Janeiro_circula%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_conhecimento_e_a_cria%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Laborat%C3%B3rio_de_Manguinhos_1894_1902?f_ri=28589","dom_id":"work_37626680","summary":"Para se compreender a fundação, em\n1900, e os primeiros trabalhos científicos\ndo Instituto Soroterápico Federal, é\nnecessário analisar a circulação de\nconhecimento e a disputa internacional\nenvolvendo os soros antipestosos e as\nvacinas antipestosas. O artigo discute\na criação do primeiro soro antipestoso,\nem Paris, e os testes realizados a partir de\n1897 na Índia. Paralelamente, examina\na invenção da vacina antipestosa\nna mesma época em Bombaim e a\noposição construída entre ela e o soro\nantipestoso francês. Em seguida, observa\nos diferentes caminhos pelos quais\nesses objetos chegaram ao Brasil e como\nquestões locais se conectaram à disputa\ncientífica internacional e justificaram, no\nRio de Janeiro, reconfigurações em torno\ndesses dois objetos.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57610913,"asset_id":37626680,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10489227,"first_name":"Matheus","last_name":"Alves Duarte da Silva","domain_name":"st-andrews","page_name":"MatheusAlvesDuartedaSilva","display_name":"Matheus Alves Duarte da Silva","profile_url":"https://st-andrews.academia.edu/MatheusAlvesDuartedaSilva?f_ri=28589","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10489227/12602014/148140900/s65_matheus.alves_duarte_da_silva.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3284,"name":"Bacteriology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteriology?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":3827,"name":"Brazilian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brazilian_Studies?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":8233,"name":"Transnational History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transnational_History?f_ri=28589","nofollow":true},{"id":13334,"name":"Global History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_History?f_ri=28589"},{"id":28589,"name":"Global Public Health (History of Public Health)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Public_Health_History_of_Public_Health_?f_ri=28589"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2526331 coauthored" data-work_id="2526331" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2526331/Reexamining_El_Ni%C3%B1o_and_cholera_in_Peru_A_climate_affairs_approach">Reexamining El Niño and cholera in Peru: A climate affairs approach </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the 1990s Peru experienced the first cholera epidemic after almost a century. The source of emergence was initially attributed to a cargo ship, but later there was evidence of an El Niño association. It was hypothesized that marine... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2526331" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the 1990s Peru experienced the first cholera epidemic after almost a century. The source of emergence was initially attributed to a cargo ship, but later there was evidence of an El Niño association. It was hypothesized that marine ecosystem changes associated with El Niño led to the propagation of V. cholerae along the coast of Peru, which in turn initiated the onset of the epidemic in 1991. Earlier studies supported this explanation by demonstrating a relationship between elevated temperatures and increased cholera incidence in Peru; however, other aspects of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and their potential impacts on cholera were not investigated. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between El Niño and cholera in Peru from a holistic view of the ENSO cycle. A “climate affairs” approach is employed as a conceptual framework to incorporate ENSO’s multidimensional nature and to generate new hypotheses about the ENSO and cholera association in Peru. The findings reveal that ENSO may have been linked to the cholera epidemic through multiple pathways, including rainfall extremes, La Niña, and social vulnerability, with impacts depending on the geography of teleconnections within Peru. When the definition of an ENSO event is examined, cholera appears to have emerged either during ENSO neutral or La Niña conditions. Furthermore, the analysis herein suggests that the impact of El Niño arrived much later, possibly resulting in heightened transmission in the austral summer of 1992. In conclusion, a modified hypothesis with these new insights on cholera emergence and transmission in Peru is presented.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2526331" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a633dfa44327add18d51ca763ef5f4b4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33314737,"asset_id":2526331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33314737/download_file?st=MTc0MDYxNDQ2MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56763505" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GradySue">Sue Grady</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56763505" type="text/json">{"id":56763505,"first_name":"Sue","last_name":"Grady","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GradySue","display_name":"Sue Grady","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GradySue?f_ri=28589","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-2526331">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-2526331"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ucdenver.academia.edu/IvanJRamirez">Ivan J Ramirez</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://colorado.academia.edu/MichaelHGlantz">mickeyglantz@hotmail.com Glantz</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-2526331'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-2526331').html(); 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The source of emergence was initially attributed to a cargo ship, but later there was evidence of an El Niño association. It was hypothesized that marine ecosystem changes associated with El Niño led to the propagation of V. cholerae along the coast of Peru, which in turn initiated the onset of the epidemic in 1991. Earlier studies supported this explanation by demonstrating a relationship between elevated temperatures and increased cholera incidence in Peru; however, other aspects of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and their potential impacts on cholera were not investigated. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between El Niño and cholera in Peru from a holistic view of the ENSO cycle. A “climate affairs” approach is employed as a conceptual framework to incorporate ENSO’s multidimensional nature and to generate new hypotheses about the ENSO and cholera association in Peru. The findings reveal that ENSO may have been linked to the cholera epidemic through multiple pathways, including rainfall extremes, La Niña, and social vulnerability, with impacts depending on the geography of teleconnections within Peru. When the definition of an ENSO event is examined, cholera appears to have emerged either during ENSO neutral or La Niña conditions. Furthermore, the analysis herein suggests that the impact of El Niño arrived much later, possibly resulting in heightened transmission in the austral summer of 1992. In conclusion, a modified hypothesis with these new insights on cholera emergence and transmission in Peru is presented.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33314737,"asset_id":2526331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56763505,"first_name":"Sue","last_name":"Grady","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GradySue","display_name":"Sue Grady","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GradySue?f_ri=28589","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":206994,"first_name":"Ivan J","last_name":"Ramirez","domain_name":"ucdenver","page_name":"IvanJRamirez","display_name":"Ivan J Ramirez","profile_url":"https://ucdenver.academia.edu/IvanJRamirez?f_ri=28589","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":11522897,"first_name":"mickeyglantz@hotmail.com","last_name":"Glantz","domain_name":"colorado","page_name":"MichaelHGlantz","display_name":"mickeyglantz@hotmail.com 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diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology_of_infectious_diseases?f_ri=28589"},{"id":94817,"name":"Vibrio cholerae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vibrio_cholerae?f_ri=28589"},{"id":106681,"name":"Health and Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_and_Environment?f_ri=28589"},{"id":126411,"name":"Impact of climate change on health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Impact_of_climate_change_on_health?f_ri=28589"},{"id":128002,"name":"Neglected tropical diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neglected_tropical_diseases?f_ri=28589"},{"id":155200,"name":"Health impacts of climate change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_impacts_of_climate_change?f_ri=28589"},{"id":176798,"name":"South America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_America?f_ri=28589"},{"id":207823,"name":"Cholera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cholera?f_ri=28589"},{"id":208188,"name":"Complex Emergencies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complex_Emergencies?f_ri=28589"},{"id":213959,"name":"Vulnerabilidade social","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vulnerabilidade_social?f_ri=28589"},{"id":228909,"name":"Tropical medicine and infectious diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tropical_medicine_and_infectious_diseases?f_ri=28589"},{"id":277869,"name":"History of Epidemics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Epidemics?f_ri=28589"},{"id":582886,"name":"Social sciences and climate change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_sciences_and_climate_change?f_ri=28589"},{"id":723429,"name":"El Nino and cholera","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/El_Nino_and_cholera?f_ri=28589"},{"id":973296,"name":"Spatio temporal Dynamics of Infectious Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatio_temporal_Dynamics_of_Infectious_Diseases?f_ri=28589"}]}, }) } 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