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id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ตัวอย่างการใช้งาน" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ตัวอย่างการใช้งาน"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ตัวอย่างการใช้งาน</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ตัวอย่างการใช้งาน-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-หน่วยย่อยโดยคำอุปสรรค" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#หน่วยย่อยโดยคำอุปสรรค"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>หน่วยย่อยโดยคำอุปสรรค</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-หน่วยย่อยโดยคำอุปสรรค-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ดูเพิ่ม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ดูเพิ่ม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ดูเพิ่ม</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ดูเพิ่ม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">พิลิปดา</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 31 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogsekonde" title="Boogsekonde – แอฟริกานส์" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Boogsekonde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="แอฟริกานส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ثانية قوسية – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثانية قوسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundu_sesaxesimal" title="Segundu sesaxesimal – อัสตูเรียส" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Segundu sesaxesimal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="อัสตูเรียส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Арксекунда – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Арксекунда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="چرکەی کەوانەیی – เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چرکەی کەوانەیی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vte%C5%99ina" title="Vteřina – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vteřina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buesekund" title="Buesekund – เดนมาร์ก" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Buesekund" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="เดนมาร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winkelsekunde" title="Winkelsekunde – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Winkelsekunde" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcsecond" title="Arcsecond – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Arcsecond" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arksekundo" title="Arksekundo – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arksekundo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo_sexagesimal" title="Segundo sexagesimal – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Segundo sexagesimal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaaresekund" title="Kaaresekund – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaaresekund" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo_sexagesimal" title="Segundo sexagesimal – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Segundo sexagesimal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulmasekunti" title="Kulmasekunti – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kulmasekunti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondo_(geometria)" title="Secondo (geometria) – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Secondo (geometria)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%92_(%E8%A7%92%E5%BA%A6)" title="秒 (角度) – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="秒 (角度)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%88_(%EA%B0%81%EB%8F%84)" title="초 (각도) – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="초 (각도)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bousekonn" title="Bousekonn – ลักเซมเบิร์ก" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bousekonn" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ลักเซมเบิร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogseconde" title="Boogseconde – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boogseconde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buesekund" title="Buesekund – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Buesekund" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekunda_k%C4%85towa" title="Sekunda kątowa – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sekunda kątowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segundo_de_arco" title="Segundo de arco – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Segundo de arco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secund%C4%83_de_arc" title="Secundă de arc – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Secundă de arc" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcsecond" title="Arcsecond – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Arcsecond" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhlov%C3%A1_sekunda" title="Uhlová sekunda – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Uhlová sekunda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotna_sekunda" title="Kotna sekunda – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kotna sekunda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A5gsekund" title="Bågsekund – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bågsekund" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekunde_ya_tao" title="Sekunde ya tao – สวาฮีลี" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sekunde ya tao" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="สวาฮีลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A7%C4%B1sal_saniye" title="Açısal saniye – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Açısal saniye" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Кутова секунда – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кутова секунда" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%A7%E7%A7%92" title="弧秒 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弧秒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q829073#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="ดูหน้าเนื้อหา [c]" accesskey="c"><span>บทความ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับหน้าเนื้อหา (ไม่มีหน้านี้) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>อภิปราย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เปลี่ยนรูปแบบภาษา" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ไทย</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เครื่องมือ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การกระทำ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2&action=history"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="รายการหน้าวิกิทุกหน้าที่ลิงก์มาที่นี่ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>หน้าที่ลิงก์มา</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" rel="nofollow" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในหน้าที่ลิงก์จากหน้านี้ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกี่ยวโยง</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q829073" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em;background:;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">พิลิปดา</th></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94" title="ระบบการวัด">ระบบการวัด</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD" title="หน่วยที่ยอมรับให้ใช้แก่ระบบเอสไอ">หน่วยที่ยอมรับให้ใช้แก่ระบบเอสไอ</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">เป็นหน่วยของ</th><td><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1" title="มุม">มุม</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">สัญลักษณ์</th><td>″ </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center">การแปลงหน่วย </th></tr><tr class="nowrap"><td><i>1 ″ ใน ...</i></td><td><i>... มีค่าเท่ากับ ...</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="องศา">องศา</a></th><td><span class="nowrap">   </span><span class="sfrac nowrap" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center; text-indent:0;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em;">1</span><span style="display:none;">/</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;">3600</span></span>°</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="ลิปดา">ลิปดา</a></th><td><span class="nowrap">   </span><span class="sfrac nowrap" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center; text-indent:0;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em;">1</span><span style="display:none;">/</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;">60</span></span>′</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="เอสไอ">เอสไอ</a></th><td><span class="nowrap">   </span><span class="sfrac nowrap" style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:-0.5em; font-size:85%; text-align:center; text-indent:0;"><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em;">π</span><span style="display:none;">/</span><span style="display:block; line-height:1em; padding:0 0.1em; border-top:1px solid;">648000</span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="เรเดียน">เรเดียน</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>พิลิปดา</b> หรือ <b>วิลิปดา</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%95" title="ภาษาสันสกฤต">สันสกฤต</a>: <span lang="sa">विलिप्ता</span>) หรือ <b>อาร์กวินาที</b> (arcsecond, second of arc หรือ second<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) มักเขียนแทนด้วยเครื่องหมาย ″ เป็นหน่วยของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1" title="มุม">มุม</a>มีค่าเป็น 1/60 ของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="ลิปดา">ลิปดา</a> </p><p>หนึ่งพิลิปดาคือ 1/3600 ของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="องศา">องศา</a> และเนื่องจาก 1 องศาเท่ากับ 1/360 ของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87" title="เส้นรอบวง">เส้นรอบวง</a> ดังนั้น 1 พิลิปดาจึงเท่ากับ 1/<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7006129600000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:.25em;">296</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">000</span></span> (≈ <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6993769999999999999♠"></span>7.7<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−7</sup></span>) ของเส้นรอบวง 1 <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="เรเดียน">เรเดียน</a> มีค่าประมาณ <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005206265000000000♠"></span>206<span style="margin-left:.25em;">265</span></span> พิลิปดา </p><p>สำหรับใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="ระบบหน่วยวัดระหว่างประเทศ">ระบบหน่วยวัดระหว่างประเทศ</a> หน่วยสำหรับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1" title="มุม">มุม</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AA_(%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C)" title="เฟส (ฟิสิกส์)">มุมเฟส</a>คือ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="เรเดียน">เรเดียน</a> แต่หน่วยองศารวมถึงลิปดาและพิลิปดาก็ถือเป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD" title="หน่วยที่ยอมรับให้ใช้แก่ระบบเอสไอ">หน่วยที่ยอมรับให้ใช้แก่ระบบเอสไอ</a>ด้วยเช่นกัน </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ตัวอย่างการใช้งาน"><span id=".E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.A2.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.83.E0.B8.8A.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.99"></span>ตัวอย่างการใช้งาน</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ตัวอย่างการใช้งาน"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ในทาง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ดาราศาสตร์">ดาราศาสตร์</a> ระยะทาง 1 <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%81" title="พาร์เซก">พาร์เซก</a>ถูกกำหนดให้เป็นระยะทางไปยังวัตถุที่มีพารัลแลกซ์ดาวฤกษ์เท่ากับ 1 พิลิปดา โดยหนึ่งพาร์เซกมีขนาดประมาณ 3.26 <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87" title="ปีแสง">ปีแสง</a> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81_(%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C)" title="โลก (ดาวเคราะห์)">โลก</a>หมุนรอบตัวเองด้วย<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94" title="ลองจิจูด">ลองจิจูด</a> 15″ ในหนึ่งวินาที โดยจะหมุน 15° ทุก ๆ ชั่วโมง และ 15′ ทุก ๆ นาที ความยาว<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ส่วนโค้งเมริเดียน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ส่วนโค้งเมริเดียน</a> ที่ตรงกับ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94" title="ละติจูด">ละติจูด</a> 1″ ของโลกนั้นอยู่ที่ประมาณ 30 <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3" title="เมตร">เมตร</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="หน่วยย่อยโดยคำอุปสรรค"><span id=".E0.B8.AB.E0.B8.99.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.A2.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.A2.E0.B9.82.E0.B8.94.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.B3.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B8.E0.B8.9B.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.84"></span>หน่วยย่อยโดยคำอุปสรรค</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: หน่วยย่อยโดยคำอุปสรรค"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>สำหรับใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="ระบบหน่วยวัดระหว่างประเทศ">ระบบหน่วยวัดระหว่างประเทศ</a> ในเอกสารระหว่างประเทศ (ฉบับที่ 9 ปี 2019) ได้ระบุไว้ว่าในบางสาขาวิชา เช่น ดาราศาสตร์ อาจมีการใช้<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD" title="คำอุปสรรคเอสไอ">คำอุปสรรคเอสไอ</a>เพื่อแสดงมุมที่มีขนาดเล็กมากด้วยค่าดังต่อไปนี้<sup id="cite_ref-#1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>มิลลิพิลิปดา (milliarcsecond, mas) = 10<sup>-3</sup> พิลิปดา</li> <li>ไมโครพิลิปดา (microarcsecond, µas) = 10<sup>-6</sup> พิลิปดา</li> <li>พิโกพิลิปดา (picoarcsecond, pas) = 10<sup>-12</sup> พิลิปดา</li></ul> <p>หน่วยเหล่านี้จะใช้เมื่อหน่วยพิลิปดามีขนาดใหญ่เกินไป เช่น เมื่อแสดงถึง <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%8C" title="พารัลแลกซ์ดาวฤกษ์">พารัลแลกซ์ดาวฤกษ์</a> หรือ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0" title="การเคลื่อนที่เฉพาะ">การเคลื่อนที่ที่เฉพาะ</a>ของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B9%8C" title="ดาวฤกษ์">ดาวฤกษ์</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ดูเพิ่ม"><span id=".E0.B8.94.E0.B8.B9.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.B4.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.A1"></span>ดูเพิ่ม</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ดูเพิ่ม"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" title="ลิปดาและพิลิปดา">ลิปดาและพิลิปดา</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&section=4" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/41483022/SI-Brochure-9.pdf/fcf090b2-04e6-88cc-1149-c3e029ad8232">The International System of Units, 9th edition, 2019</a> p.145, Table 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-#1_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">SI国際文書第9版(2019)、p.114 表8 注(b)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://astro-dic.jp/expression-of-angle/">角度表示</a> 天文学辞典、公益社団法人日本天文学会</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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