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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigacija </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Glavna_stran" title="Obiščite glavno stran [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Glavna stran</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Uvod"><span>Naučite se urejati</span></a></li><li id="n-Izbrani-članki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Izbrani_%C4%8Dlanki"><span>Izbrani članki</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Naklju%C4%8Dno" title="Naložite naključno stran [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Naključna stran</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:ZadnjeSpremembe" title="Seznam zadnjih sprememb Wikipedije [r]" 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class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Iskanje v Wikipediji" aria-label="Iskanje v Wikipediji" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Preiščite viki [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Posebno:Iskanje"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Išči</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Osebna orodja"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Videz"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Videz" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Videz</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sl.wikipedia.org&uselang=sl" class=""><span>Denarni prispevki</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Registracija&returnto=Bagdad" title="Predlagamo vam, da si ustvarite račun in se prijavite, vendar to ni obvezno." class=""><span>Ustvari račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&returnto=Bagdad" title="Prijava je zaželena, vendar ni obvezna [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Prijava</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Več možnosti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Osebna orodja" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Osebna orodja</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Uporabniški meni" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sl.wikipedia.org&uselang=sl"><span>Denarni prispevki</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Registracija&returnto=Bagdad" title="Predlagamo vam, da si ustvarite račun in se prijavite, vendar to ni obvezno."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Ustvari račun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Prijava&returnto=Bagdad" title="Prijava je zaželena, vendar ni obvezna [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Prijava</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strani za neprijavljene urejevalce <a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Uvod" aria-label="Več o urejanju"><span>več o tem</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:MojiPrispevki" title="Seznam urejanj s tega IP-naslova [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Prispevki</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:MojPogovor" title="Pogovor o urejanjih s tega IP-naslova [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pogovorna stran</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Vsebina" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vsebina</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Uvod</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zgodovina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zgodovina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Zgodovina</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Zgodovina-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vklopi podrazdelek Zgodovina</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Zgodovina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ustanovitev" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ustanovitev"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ustanovitev</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ustanovitev-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Središče_učenja_(8.–9._st.)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Središče_učenja_(8.–9._st.)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Središče učenja (8.–9. st.)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Središče_učenja_(8.–9._st.)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stagnacija_in_vdori_(10.–16._st.)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stagnacija_in_vdori_(10.–16._st.)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Stagnacija in vdori (10.–16. st.)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stagnacija_in_vdori_(10.–16._st.)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Osmani_in_mameluki_(16.–19._st.)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osmani_in_mameluki_(16.–19._st.)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Osmani in mameluki (16.–19. st.)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osmani_in_mameluki_(16.–19._st.)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderna_doba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderna_doba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Moderna doba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moderna_doba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prizadevanja_za_obnovo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prizadevanja_za_obnovo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Prizadevanja za obnovo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prizadevanja_za_obnovo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geografija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vklopi podrazdelek Geografija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Podnebje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podnebje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Podnebje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podnebje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrativna_delitev_mesta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrativna_delitev_mesta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administrativna delitev mesta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrativna_delitev_mesta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turizem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turizem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Turizem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turizem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zanimivosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zanimivosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Zanimivosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zanimivosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mednarodni_odnosi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mednarodni_odnosi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Mednarodni odnosi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mednarodni_odnosi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vklopi podrazdelek Mednarodni odnosi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mednarodni_odnosi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pobratena_mesta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pobratena_mesta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Pobratena mesta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pobratena_mesta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opombe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opombe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Opombe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opombe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sklici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sklici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sklici</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sklici-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vklopi podrazdelek Sklici</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sklici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zunanje_povezave" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zunanje_povezave"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Zunanje povezave</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zunanje_povezave-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Vsebina" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vklopi kazalo vsebine" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vklopi kazalo vsebine</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bagdad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="P9jdi na članek v drugem jeziku. Na voljo v 207 jezikih." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-207" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">207 jezikov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – ačejščina" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ačejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – adigejščina" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – afrikanščina" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – nemščina (Švica)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="nemščina (Švica)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A3%E1%8C%8D%E1%8B%B3%E1%8B%B5" title="ባግዳድ – amharščina" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ባግዳድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – aragonščina" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izbrani članek"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – arabščina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%93%DC%95%DC%90%DC%95_(%DC%A1%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%A2%DC%AC%DC%90)" title="ܒܓܕܐܕ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ) – aramejščina" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܓܕܐܕ (ܡܕܝܢܬܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="বাগদাদ – asamščina" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বাগদাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdag" title="Bagdag – asturijščina" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bagdag" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багъдад – avarščina" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Багъдад" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="बगदाद – avadščina" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="बगदाद" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C4%9Fdad" title="Bağdad – azerbajdžanščina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bağdad" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Бағдад – baškirščina" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бағдад" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – balijščina" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdads" title="Bagdads – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bagdads" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – beloruščina" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="beloruščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – bolgarščina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bolgarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – bambarščina" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="বাগদাদ – bengalščina" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাগদাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F" title="པ་ག་ཏ – tibetanščina" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="པ་ག་ཏ" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – bretonščina" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – bosanščina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – katalonščina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="БагӀдад – čečenščina" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="БагӀдад" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – sebuanščina" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="sebuanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="بەغدا – osrednja kurdščina" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەغدا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="osrednja kurdščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – korziščina" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korziščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C4%9Fdad" title="Bağdad – krimska tatarščina" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Bağdad" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimska tatarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagd%C3%A1d" title="Bagdád – češčina" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bagdád" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Пахтат – čuvaščina" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пахтат" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – valižanščina" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="valižanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – danščina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – nemščina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be%C4%9Fdad" title="Beğdad – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Beğdad" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="बगदाद – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="बगदाद" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%A3%DE%AA%DE%8B%DE%A7%DE%8B%DE%AA" title="ބަޣުދާދު – diveščina" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ބަޣުދާދު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="diveščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B4%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B7" title="Βαγδάτη – grščina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βαγδάτη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – angleščina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angleščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdado" title="Bagdado – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bagdado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – španščina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – estonščina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – baskovščina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskovščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – perzijščina" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – finščina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – ferščina" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ferščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – francoščina" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francoščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – severna frizijščina" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="severna frizijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – zahodna frizijščina" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zahodna frizijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – irščina" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – škotska gelščina" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="škotska gelščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – galicijščina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – gvaranijščina" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdaza" title="Bagdaza – havščina" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bagdaza" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="havščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%92%D7%93%D7%90%D7%93" title="בגדאד – hebrejščina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בגדאד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="बग़दाद – hindijščina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बग़दाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – hrvaščina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – gornja lužiška srbščina" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="gornja lužiška srbščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – haitijska kreolščina" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitijska kreolščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – madžarščina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="madžarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%A4" title="Բաղդադ – armenščina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բաղդադ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%BF" title="Պաղտատ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պաղտատ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – indonezijščina" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – interlingve" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingve" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – ilokanščina" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilokanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="БагӀдад – inguščina" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="БагӀдад" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – islandščina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – italijanščina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%82%B0%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="バグダード – japonščina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バグダード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/bagdad" title="bagdad – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="bagdad" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – javanščina" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ბაღდადი – gruzijščina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბაღდადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C7%B5dad" title="Baǵdad – karakalpaščina" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Baǵdad" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be%C9%A3dad" title="Beɣdad – kabilščina" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Beɣdad" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabilščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – kabardinščina" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagidaad%C9%A9" title="Pagidaadɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pagidaadɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – kikujščina" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikujščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Бағдат – kazaščina" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бағдат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬಾಗ್ದಾದ್ – kanareščina" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಾಗ್ದಾದ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanareščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EA%B7%B8%EB%8B%A4%EB%93%9C" title="바그다드 – korejščina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바그다드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8E%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بَغداد – kašmirščina" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بَغداد" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kašmirščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bexda" title="Bexda – kurdščina" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bexda" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldak" title="Baldak – kornijščina" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Baldak" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – kirgiščina" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izbrani članek"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdatum" title="Bagdatum – latinščina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bagdatum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – ladinščina" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – luksemburščina" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багъдад – lezginščina" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Багъдад" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – limburščina" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdadas" title="Bagdadas – litovščina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bagdadas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagd%C4%81de" title="Bagdāde – latvijščina" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bagdāde" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="बगदाद – maitili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="बगदाद" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maitili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – mokšavščina" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokšavščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – malgaščina" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakatata" title="Pakatata – maorščina" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pakatata" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – makedonščina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D" title="ബാഗ്ദാദ് – malajalamščina" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബാഗ്ദാദ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – mongolščina" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="बगदाद – maratščina" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बगदाद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – malajščina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdade" title="Bagdade – mirandeščina" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Bagdade" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%82%E1%80%B9%E1%80%82%E1%80%92%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဘဂ္ဂဒက်မြို့ – burmanščina" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘဂ္ဂဒက်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Багдад ош – erzjanščina" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Багдад ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzjanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – mazanderanščina" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – nizka nemščina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nizka nemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="बगदाद – nepalščina" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बगदाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="बग्दाद – nevarščina" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बग्दाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – nizozemščina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – novonorveščina" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novonorveščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – knjižna norveščina" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="knjižna norveščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1zl%C3%ADn%C3%AD_Hatsoh_(%C3%81s%C3%A1%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah)" title="Názlíní Hatsoh (Ásáí Dineʼé Bikéyah) – navajščina" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Názlíní Hatsoh (Ásáí Dineʼé Bikéyah)" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – njanščina" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="njanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – okcitanščina" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6" title="ବାଗଦାଦ – odijščina" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବାଗଦାଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – osetinščina" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਬਗ਼ਦਾਦ – pandžabščina" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਗ਼ਦਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – papiamentu" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamentu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baagdad" title="Baagdad – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Baagdad" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – poljščina" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – paštunščina" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagd%C3%A1" title="Bagdá – portugalščina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bagdá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – kečuanščina" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – romunščina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romunščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – ruščina" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%91%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Баґдад – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Баґдад" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – jakutščina" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱫᱟᱫᱽ – santalščina" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱫᱟᱫᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – sardinščina" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – sicilijanščina" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilijanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – škotščina" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škotščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – sindščina" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – srbohrvaščina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbohrvaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%A3dad" title="Bɣdad – tahelitska berberščina" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Bɣdad" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tahelitska berberščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%91%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" title="බැග්ඩෑඩ් – sinhalščina" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බැග්ඩෑඩ්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – slovaščina" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – inarska samijščina" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="inarska samijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – šonščina" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="šonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baqdaad" title="Baqdaad – somalščina" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Baqdaad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdadi" title="Bagdadi – albanščina" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bagdadi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – srbščina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – švedščina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="பகுதாது – tamilščina" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பகுதாது" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D" title="బాగ్దాద్ – telugijščina" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బాగ్దాద్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugijščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Бағдод – tadžiščina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бағдод" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%94" title="แบกแดด – tajščina" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แบกแดด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdat" title="Bagdat – turkmenščina" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Bagdat" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – tagalogščina" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C7%A7dad" title="Baǧdad – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Baǧdad" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C4%9Fdat" title="Bağdat – turščina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bağdat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – tatarščina" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – tvi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="tvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – udmurtščina" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="باغداد – ujgurščina" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="باغداد" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Багдад – ukrajinščina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Багдад" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="بغداد – urdujščina" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بغداد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdujščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bag%CA%BBdod" title="Bagʻdod – uzbeščina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bagʻdod" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – vietnamščina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – volapik" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdet" title="Bagdet – valonščina" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Bagdet" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – varajščina" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – volofščina" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volofščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E8%BE%BE" title="巴格达 – wu-kitajščina" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴格达" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ბაღდადი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბაღდადი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%92%D7%93%D7%90%D7%93" title="באגדאד – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באגדאד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – jorubščina" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Bagdad" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E8%BE%BE" title="巴格达 – kitajščina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴格达" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E9%81%94" title="巴格達 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="巴格達" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad – min nan kitajščina" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Baghdad" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kitajščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%A0%BC%E9%81%94" title="巴格達 – kantonščina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="巴格達" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonščina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1530#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi medjezikovne povezave" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi povezave</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Ogled vsebinske strani [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pogovor:Bagdad" rel="discussion" title="Pogovor o vsebinski strani [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pogovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Spremeni različico jezika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">slovenščina</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Pogledi"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bagdad"><span>Preberi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit" title="Uredite to stran [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit" title="Uredi izvorno kodo te strani [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kodo</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=history" title="Prejšnje redakcije te strani [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zgodovina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Orodja strani"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Orodja" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Orodja</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Orodja</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrij</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Več možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dejanja </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bagdad"><span>Preberi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit" title="Uredite to stran [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi stran</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit" title="Uredi izvorno kodo te strani [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kodo</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=history"><span>Zgodovina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Splošno </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:KajSePovezujeSem/Bagdad" title="Seznam vseh strani, ki se povezujejo sem [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Kaj se povezuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:RecentChangesLinked/Bagdad" rel="nofollow" title="Zadnje spremembe na straneh, s katerimi se povezuje ta stran [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane spremembe</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:PosebneStrani" title="Seznam vseh posebnih strani [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne strani</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&oldid=6270137" title="Trajna povezava na to redakcijo strani"><span>Trajna povezava</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=info" title="Več informacij o tej strani"><span>Podatki o strani</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Navedi&page=Bagdad&id=6270137&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacije o tem, kako navajati to stran"><span>Navedba članka</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBagdad"><span>Pridobi skrajšani URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBagdad"><span>Prenesi kodo QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tiskanje/izvoz </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Bagdad"><span>Ustvari e-knjigo</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bagdad&action=show-download-screen"><span>Prenesi kot PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&printable=yes" title="Različica te strani za tisk [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Različica za tisk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> V drugih projektih </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedijina zbirka</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1530" title="Povezava na ustrezni predmet v podatkovni shrambi [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Predmet v Wikipodatkih</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Orodja strani"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Videz"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Videz</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">prestavi v stransko letvico</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geografski_koordinatni_sistem" title="Geografski koordinatni sistem">Koordinati</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Bagdad&params=33_18_55_N_44_21_58_E_region:IQ-BG_type:city(8,100,000)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Zemljevidi, zračni posnetki in drugi podatki o tej lokaciji"><span class="latitude">33°18′55″N</span> <span class="longitude">44°21′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Zemljevidi, zračni posnetki in drugi podatki o tej lokaciji">33.31528°N 44.36611°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.31528; 44.36611</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Iz Wikipedije, proste enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sl" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5590687">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Za druge pomene glej <a href="/wiki/Bagdad_(razlo%C4%8Ditev)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bagdad (razločitev)">Bagdad (razločitev)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5913888">.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-spacing:3px;background-color:#f8f9fa;color:black;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0.2em;float:right;clear:right;font-size:88%;line-height:1.5em;width:22em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar,.mw-parser-output .infobox th,.mw-parser-output .infobox td{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox th,.mw-parser-output .infobox td{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:23em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Bagdad</div><br /><div class="nickname" style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;" lang="ar">بغداد</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6026938/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output 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class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:188px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:5628442718_b10fc2c47f_o.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/5628442718_b10fc2c47f_o.jpg/288px-5628442718_b10fc2c47f_o.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/5628442718_b10fc2c47f_o.jpg/432px-5628442718_b10fc2c47f_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/5628442718_b10fc2c47f_o.jpg/576px-5628442718_b10fc2c47f_o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1312" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:121px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%82_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg/162px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%82_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg/243px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, 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decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/001126-IraqMuseum-IMG_8269-2.jpg/225px-001126-IraqMuseum-IMG_8269-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/001126-IraqMuseum-IMG_8269-2.jpg/300px-001126-IraqMuseum-IMG_8269-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Old_Iraqi_Houses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Old_Iraqi_Houses.jpg/134px-Old_Iraqi_Houses.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Old_Iraqi_Houses.jpg/201px-Old_Iraqi_Houses.jpg 1.5x, 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg/134px-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg/201px-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg/268px-%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div style="padding:0.4em 0 0 0;">Zgoraj-spodaj, L-R:Pogled iz zraka na Zeleno cono; <a href="/wiki/Mo%C5%A1eja_Hajdar_Kana" title="Mošeja Hajdar Kana">Mošeja Hajdar Kana</a>, Kip Karima Qasima, <a href="/wiki/Ira%C5%A1ki_narodni_muzej" title="Iraški narodni muzej">Iraški narodni muzej</a>, Hiša Sassoona Eskella, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kavarna_Dar_al-Atraqchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kavarna Dar al-Atraqchi (stran ne obstaja)">Kavarna Dar al-Atraqchi</a>, Pogled na Bagdad in reko Tigris</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><table style="width:100%; background:none;"> <tbody><tr><td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Flag_of_Baghdad.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zastava Bagdad"><img alt="Zastava Bagdad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Baghdad.svg/100px-Flag_of_Baghdad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Baghdad.svg/150px-Flag_of_Baghdad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Baghdad.svg/200px-Flag_of_Baghdad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span><br /><small> Zastava</small></td><td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Seal_of_Baghdad.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Uradni pečat Bagdad"><img alt="Uradni pečat Bagdad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Seal_of_Baghdad.svg/100px-Seal_of_Baghdad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Seal_of_Baghdad.svg/150px-Seal_of_Baghdad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Seal_of_Baghdad.svg/200px-Seal_of_Baghdad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="457" /></a></span><br /><small> Pečat</small></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Vzdevek: <div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Mesto miru (مَدِيْنَةُ السَّلَام)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="center"><div style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Iraq_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bagdad se nahaja v Irak"><img alt="Bagdad se nahaja v Irak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Iraq_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Iraq_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Iraq_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Iraq_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Iraq_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Iraq_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1263" /></a></span><div style="position:absolute;top:46.953%;left:57.46%"><div style="position:absolute;left:-3px;top:-3px;line-height:0"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bagdad"><img alt="Bagdad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="font-size:90%;line-height:110%;position:absolute;width:6em;top:-0.75em;left:4px;text-align:left"><div style="display:inline;padding:1px;float:left">Bagdad</div></div></div></div><div>Geografski položaj Bagdada v <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Iraku</a>.</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Geografski_koordinatni_sistem" title="Geografski koordinatni sistem">Koordinati</a>: <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Bagdad&params=33_20_00_N_44_26_00_E_type:city_region:"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Zemljevidi, zračni posnetki in drugi podatki o tej lokaciji"><span class="latitude">33°20′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">44°26′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Zemljevidi, zračni posnetki in drugi podatki o tej lokaciji">33.33333°N 44.43333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.33333; 44.43333</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Seznam_suverenih_dr%C5%BEav" title="Seznam suverenih držav">Država</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Flag_of_Iraq.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Irak"><img alt="Irak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pokrajina</th><td class="infobox-data">Bagdadski guvernat</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ustanovitev</th><td class="infobox-data">30. julij 762</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ustanovitelj</th><td class="infobox-data">kalif <a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">Al-Mansur</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Upravljanje<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Župan</th><td class="infobox-data">Ammar Moussa Kadhum</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Površina<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Skupno</th><td class="infobox-data">673 km<sup>2</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nadm. višina<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">34 m</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Prebivalstvo<div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2024)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Skupno</th><td class="infobox-data">7.921.134<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonim" title="Demonim">Demonim</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bagdadčan/čanka</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Casovni_pas" title="Časovni pas">Časovni pas</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greenwi%C5%A1ki_srednji_%C4%8Das" title="Greenwiški srednji čas">GMT</a> +3</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> • <a href="/wiki/Poletni_%C4%8Das" title="Poletni čas">Poletni</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">+4</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spletna stran</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amanatbaghdad.gov.iq/index.php?lang=en">amanatbaghdad.gov.iq</a></span> <span class="languageicon">(arabsko)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bagdad</b> <a href="/wiki/Arabsko" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabsko">arabsko</a> <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بَغْدَاد</span>, <small>latinizirano: </small><span title="arabskojezik latinizacija"><i lang="ar-Latn">Baghdād</i></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:IPA/Arab%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomoč:IPA/Arabščina">[baɣˈdaːd]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d8\/Baghdad.ogg\/Baghdad.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"sl","wikibase":"","file":"Baghdad.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/Baghdad.ogg/Baghdad.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Predvajaj avdio" title="Predvajaj avdio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Baghdad.ogg" title="Slika:Baghdad.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) je <a href="/wiki/Glavno_mesto" title="Glavno mesto">glavno mesto</a> <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Iraka</a> in drugo največje mesto v arabskem svetu za <a href="/wiki/Kairo" title="Kairo">Kairom</a>. Je na reki <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a>. Leta 762 n. št. je bil Bagdad izbran za prestolnico <a href="/wiki/Abasidski_kalifat" title="Abasidski kalifat">Abasidskega kalifata</a> in je postal njegov najpomembnejši večji razvojni projekt. V kratkem času se je mesto razvilo v pomembno kulturno, trgovsko in intelektualno središče muslimanskega sveta. To je poleg namestitve več ključnih akademskih institucij, vključno s <a href="/wiki/Hi%C5%A1a_modrosti" title="Hiša modrosti">Hišo modrosti</a>, ter večetničnega in večverskega okolja, pridobilo svetovni sloves <i>Center of Learning</i>. </p><p>Večji del abasidskega obdobja, med <a href="/wiki/Islamska_zlata_doba" title="Islamska zlata doba">islamsko zlato dobo</a>, je bil Bagdad največje mesto na svetu. Njegovo prebivalstvo je doseglo vrh z več kot milijonom ljudi. Mesto je bilo leta 1258 v rokah <a href="/wiki/Mongolsko_cesarstvo" title="Mongolsko cesarstvo">Mongolskega cesarstva</a> v veliki meri uničeno, kar je povzročilo propad, ki se bo zadrževal skozi stoletja zaradi pogostih kug in več zaporednih imperijev. S priznanjem Iraka kot neodvisne države (prej britanskega mandata Mezopotamije) leta 1932 je Bagdad postopoma spet pridobil nekaj svojega nekdanjega pomena kot pomembno središče arabske kulture, s prebivalstvom po različnih ocenah na 6 ali več kot 7 milijonov.<sup id="cite_ref-population_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-population-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V primerjavi s svojo veliko populacijo ima majhno površino na samo 673 kvadratnih kilometrih. </p><p>Mesto se je soočilo z resno infrastrukturno škodo zaradi <a href="/wiki/Ira%C5%A1ka_vojna" title="Iraška vojna">vojne v Iraku</a>, ki se je začela z invazijo na Irak pod vodstvom Združenih držav leta 2003 in je trajala do leta 2011, ter kasnejšega upora in ponovne vojne, ki je trajala do leta 2017, kar je povzročilo znatno izgubo kulturnega dediščino in zgodovinske artefakte. V tem obdobju je imel Bagdad eno najvišjih stopenj terorističnih napadov na svetu. Toda teroristični napadi postopoma upadajo od teritorialnega poraza militantne skupine Islamska država v Iraku leta 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ime">Ime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi razdelek: Ime" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=1" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Ime"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Baghdad,_Iraq.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Baghdad%2C_Iraq.JPG/220px-Baghdad%2C_Iraq.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Baghdad%2C_Iraq.JPG/330px-Baghdad%2C_Iraq.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Baghdad%2C_Iraq.JPG/440px-Baghdad%2C_Iraq.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2008" /></a><figcaption>Satelitski pogled na Bagdad</figcaption></figure> <p>Ime <i>Bagdad</i> je predislamsko in njegov izvor je sporen. Mesto, kjer se je razvilo mesto Bagdad, je bilo naseljeno že tisočletja. Arheološki dokazi kažejo, da so območje Bagdada zasedla različna ljudstva že dolgo pred arabskim osvajanjem Mezopotamije leta 637 n. št. in več starodavnih imperijev je imelo prestolnice v okolici.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arabski avtorji, ki so spoznali predislamski izvor imena <i>Bagdad</i>, so na splošno iskali njegove korenine v srednjeperzijščini. Predlagali so različne pomene, od katerih je bil najpogostejši 'podaril Bog'.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sodobni učenjaki so na splošno naklonjeni tej etimologiji, ki na besedo gleda kot na perzijsko zloženko iz <i>bagh</i> () 'bog' in <i>dād</i> () 'dan'.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V stari perzijščini lahko prvi element izsledimo v <i>boghu</i> in je povezan z indoiranskim <i>bhag</i> in slovanskim bog 'bogom'. Podoben izraz v srednji perzijščini je ime <i>Mithradāt</i> (<i>Mehrdad</i> v novi perzijščini), znano v drugih jezikih s svojo izposojeno helenistično obliko <i>Mithridates</i>, kar pomeni 'Daril ga je Mitra' (<i>dāt</i> je bolj arhaična oblika <i>dād</i>, povezana s sanskrtom <i>dāt</i>, latinskim <i>dat</i>), končno izposojeno iz perzijskega <i>Mehrdad</i>. Obstajajo številne druge lokacije, katerih imena so sestavljenke iz srednjeperzijske besede <i>bagh</i>, vključno z Baghlan in Bagram v Afganistanu, Baghšan v samem Iranu in Baghdati v Gruziji, ki imajo verjetno isti etimološki iranski izvor. </p><p>Drugi avtorji so predlagali starejše izvore imena, zlasti ime <i>Bagdadu</i> ali <i>Hudadu</i>, ki je obstajalo v stari Babiloniji (napisano z znakom, ki lahko predstavlja tako <i>bag</i> kot <i>hu</i>) in judovsko babilonsko aramejsko ime kraja, imenovanega Bagdata (בגדתא).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nekateri učenjaki so predlagali aramejske izpeljave. </p><p>Drugo mnenje, ki ga je predlagal Christophe Wall-Romana, je, da ime <i>Bagdad</i> izhaja iz <i>Akkad</i>, saj se klinopisni logogram za Akad (𒀀𒂵𒉈𒆠) izgovarja <i>a-ga-dèKI</i> ('Agade') in njegova podobnost v <i>Bagdad</i> je prepričljiva.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ko je abasidski kalif <a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">Al-Mansur</a> ustanovil povsem novo mesto za svojo prestolnico, je izbral ime 'mesto miru' (arabsko <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مدینة السلام</span>, <small>latinizirano: </small><span title="arabskojezik latinizacija"><i lang="ar-Latn">Madīnat as-Salām</i></span>), ki se zdaj nanaša na <a href="/wiki/Okroglo_mesto_Bagdad" title="Okroglo mesto Bagdad">Okroglo mesto Bagdad</a> v pravem pomenu besede. To je bilo uradno ime na kovancih, uteži in drugi uradni rabi, čeprav so navadni ljudje še naprej uporabljali staro ime. Do 11. stoletja je Bagdad postal skoraj izključno ime za svetovno znana metropola. </p><p>Christophe Wall-Romana je predlagal, da je bila odločitev Al-Mansurja, da ustanovi svoje 'novo mesto' v Bagdadu zaradi njegove strateške lege, ista merila, ki so vplivala na <a href="/wiki/Sargon_Akadski" title="Sargon Akadski">Sargonovo</a> izbiro, da ustanovi prvotno mesto <a href="/wiki/Akad_(mesto)" title="Akad (mesto)">Akad</a> na popolnoma isti lokaciji.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zgodovina">Zgodovina</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi razdelek: Zgodovina" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=2" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Zgodovina"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ustanovitev">Ustanovitev</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi razdelek: Ustanovitev" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=3" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Ustanovitev"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:PARSONS(1808)_p008_View_of_Bagdad_on_the_Persian_side_of_the_Tigris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/PARSONS%281808%29_p008_View_of_Bagdad_on_the_Persian_side_of_the_Tigris.jpg/220px-PARSONS%281808%29_p008_View_of_Bagdad_on_the_Persian_side_of_the_Tigris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/PARSONS%281808%29_p008_View_of_Bagdad_on_the_Persian_side_of_the_Tigris.jpg/330px-PARSONS%281808%29_p008_View_of_Bagdad_on_the_Persian_side_of_the_Tigris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/PARSONS%281808%29_p008_View_of_Bagdad_on_the_Persian_side_of_the_Tigris.jpg/440px-PARSONS%281808%29_p008_View_of_Bagdad_on_the_Persian_side_of_the_Tigris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2380" data-file-height="1864" /></a><figcaption>Slika Bagdada iz leta 1808 iz zbirke tiskov v publikaciji Travels in Asia and Africa itd. (ur. J. P. Berjew, British Library)</figcaption></figure> <p>Po padcu <a href="/wiki/Omajadi" title="Omajadi">Omajadov</a>, prve muslimanske dinastije, so zmagoviti <a href="/wiki/Abasidi" title="Abasidi">abasidski</a> vladarji želeli lastno prestolnico, iz katere bi lahko vladali. Izbrali so lokacijo severno od sasanidske prestolnice <a href="/wiki/Ktezifon" title="Ktezifon">Ktezifon</a> in 30. julija 762<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> je kalif <a href="/wiki/Al-Mansur" title="Al-Mansur">Al-Mansur</a> naročil gradnjo mesta. Zgrajena je bila pod vodstvom Barmakidov. Mansur je verjel, da je Bagdad popolno mesto za prestolnico islamskega imperija pod Abasidi. Muslimanski zgodovinar Al-Tabari je poročal o starodavni napovedi krščanskih menihov, da bo gospodar z imenom Miklas nekega dne okoli Bagdada zgradil spektakularno mesto. Ko je Al-Mansur slišal zgodbo, je postal zelo vesel, saj legenda pravi, da so ga kot otroka klicali Miklas.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mansurju je bilo to mesto tako všeč, da so ga citirali: »To je res mesto, ki ga moram ustanoviti, kjer bom živel in kjer bodo moji potomci pozneje kraljevali.«<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Mansur je načrtoval tudi regijo al-Karh. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%87_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84_192_%D9%87.%D9%82.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%87_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84_192_%D9%87.%D9%82.jpg/300px-%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%87_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84_192_%D9%87.%D9%82.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%87_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84_192_%D9%87.%D9%82.jpg/450px-%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%87_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84_192_%D9%87.%D9%82.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%87_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84_192_%D9%87.%D9%82.jpg/600px-%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%87_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84_192_%D9%87.%D9%82.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>Dirham Haruna al-Rashida okrog 807 Bagdad</figcaption></figure> <p>K rasti mesta je pripomogla njegova odlična lega, ki temelji na vsaj dveh dejavnikih: imelo je nadzor nad strateškimi in trgovskimi potmi vzdolž Tigrisa in imelo je obilje vode v suhem podnebju. Voda obstaja tako na severnem kot na južnem delu mesta, kar vsem gospodinjstvom omogoča obilno oskrbo, kar je bilo v tem času precej neobičajno. Mesto Bagdad je hitro postalo tako veliko, da so ga morali razdeliti na tri sodna okrožja: Madinat al-Mansur (okroglo mesto), al-Šarkija (al-Karh) in Askar al-Mahdi (na Zahodnem bregu). Al-Mansur je načrtoval tudi okrožje al-Karhh, da bi lahko ločil trge od okroglega mesta, da bi turbulentno prebivalstvo zadržal stran od okroglega mesta in zagotovil, da vrata ponoči ne bodo odprta za trgovce. Sčasoma so trgi postali raznoliki in dom trgovcev in obrtnikov. Uradniki z nazivom <i>Muhtasib</i> so bili najeti, da skrbijo za trge, da preprečijo goljufanje in preverijo tehtanje in mere delnic.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bagdad je zasenčil Ktezifon, prestolnico Sasanidov, ki je bil približno 30 km proti jugovzhodu. Danes je vse, kar je ostalo od Ktezifona, svetišče Salman Pak, tik južno od Velikega Bagdada, kjer naj bi bil pokopan Salman Perzijec. Ktezifon je nadomestil in zasedel Selevkijo, prvo prestolnico <a href="/wiki/Selevkidsko_cesarstvo" title="Selevkidsko cesarstvo">Selevkidskega cesarstva</a>, ki je prej nadomestila mesto <a href="/wiki/Babilon" title="Babilon">Babilon</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Floods_in_Baghdad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Floods_in_Baghdad.jpg/220px-Floods_in_Baghdad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Floods_in_Baghdad.jpg/330px-Floods_in_Baghdad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Floods_in_Baghdad.jpg/440px-Floods_in_Baghdad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1136" /></a><figcaption>Širvanova slika iz leta 1468 <i>Poplave v Bagdadu</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Po besedah popotnika <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Batuta" title="Ibn Batuta">Ibn Batute</a> je bil Bagdad eno največjih mest. Prebivalci so večinoma Hanbalijci. Bagdad je tudi dom groba Abu Hanife, kjer je celica in mošeja nad njo. Bagdadski sultan, Abu Said Bahadur Kan, je bil tatarski kralj, ki je sprejel islam. </p><p>V zgodnjih letih je bilo mesto znano kot namerni opomin na izraz v <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koranu</a>, ko se nanaša na raj.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWiet197113_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWiet197113-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gradili so ga štiri leta (764–768). Mansur je zbral inženirje, geodete in umetniške konstruktorje z vsega sveta, da so se zbrali in pripravili načrte za mesto. Več kot 100.000 gradbenih delavcev je prišlo pregledat načrte; mnogim so razdelili plače za začetek gradnje mesta. Julij je bil izbran kot začetni čas, ker sta dva astrologa, Naubakht Ahvazi in Mašalah, menila, da bi bilo treba mesto zgraditi v znamenju leva.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWiet197112_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWiet197112-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lev je povezan z ognjem in simbolizira produktivnost, ponos in širitev ter Levovo simbolično povezavo z Mitro. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Baghdad_150_to_300_AH.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Baghdad_150_to_300_AH.png/220px-Baghdad_150_to_300_AH.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Baghdad_150_to_300_AH.png/330px-Baghdad_150_to_300_AH.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Baghdad_150_to_300_AH.png/440px-Baghdad_150_to_300_AH.png 2x" data-file-width="1805" data-file-height="1445" /></a><figcaption>Okroglo mesto Bagdad med letoma 767 in 912 n.</figcaption></figure> <p>Opeke, uporabljene za gradnjo mesta, so bile na vseh štirih straneh velike 460 mm. Abu Hanifah je bil naročnik opeke in je razvil je kanal, ki je na delovišče pripeljal vodo za prehrano ljudi in proizvodnjo opek. Tudi marmor so uporabljali za gradnjo stavb po vsem mestu, marmorne stopnice pa so vodile navzdol do roba reke. </p><p>Osnovno ogrodje mesta sestavljata dva velika polkroga s premerom približno 19 km. Notranje mesto, ki ju povezuje, je bilo zasnovano kot krog s premerom približno 2 km, zaradi česar je bilo znano kot »okroglo mesto«. Prvotna zasnova prikazuje en sam obroč stanovanjskih in poslovnih struktur vzdolž notranjosti mestnega obzidja, vendar je končna konstrukcija dodala še en obroč znotraj prvega.<sup id="cite_ref-ox_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ox-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Znotraj mesta je bilo veliko parkov, vrtov, vil in sprehajališč. Tam je bil velik sanitarni oddelek, veliko fontan in javnih kopališč, in za razliko od sodobnih evropskih mest v tistem času so bile ulice pogosto brez odpadkov in smeti. Pravzaprav je v času Haruna al-Rašida Bagdad imel nekaj tisoč <a href="/wiki/Hamam" title="Hamam">hamamov</a>. Te kopeli so povečale javno higieno in vernikom služile kot način za umivanje, kot je predpisano v islamu. Poleg tega so bile vstopnine običajno tako nizke, da si jih je lahko privoščil skoraj vsak.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V središču mesta je bila <a href="/wiki/Mo%C5%A1eja" title="Mošeja">mošeja</a>, pa tudi štab stražarjev. Namembnost oziroma raba preostalega prostora v centru ni znana. Krožna zasnova mesta je bila neposreden odraz tradicionalne perzijske sasanidske urbane zasnove. Sasanidsko mesto Gur v Farsu, zgrajeno 500 let pred Bagdadom, je skoraj enako v svoji splošni krožni zasnovi, žarečih avenijah ter vladnih zgradbah in templjih v središču mesta. Ta slog urbanističnega načrtovanja je bil v nasprotju s starogrškim in rimskim urbanističnim načrtovanjem, v katerem so mesta zasnovana kot kvadrati ali pravokotniki z ulicami, ki se sekajo pod pravim kotom. </p><p>Bagdad je bil čez dan živahno mesto, ponoči pa je imel veliko zanimivosti. Tam so bili kabareji in gostilne, dvorane za <a href="/wiki/Backgammon" title="Backgammon">backgammon</a> in <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ah" title="Šah">šah</a>, žive igre, koncerte in akrobate. Na uličnih vogalih so pripovedovalci pritegnili množice z zgodbami, kot so tiste, ki so jih pozneje povedali v Arabskih nočeh. Pripovedovanje zgodb je postalo poklic, imenovan <i>al-Qaskhun</i>, ki je preživel vse do moderne dobe.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Okoliški zidovi</dt></dl> <p>Glej tudi: Bagdadska vrata </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Niebuhr1778bd2_Baghdad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Niebuhr1778bd2_Baghdad.jpg/220px-Niebuhr1778bd2_Baghdad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Niebuhr1778bd2_Baghdad.jpg/330px-Niebuhr1778bd2_Baghdad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Niebuhr1778bd2_Baghdad.jpg/440px-Niebuhr1778bd2_Baghdad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2645" data-file-height="1741" /></a><figcaption>Sodobna skica Bagdada, ki jo je objavil Carsten Niebuhr leta 1778</figcaption></figure> <p>Štiri obzidja Bagdada so bila imenovana <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veliki_Horasan" title="Veliki Horasan">Veliki Horasan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sirija" title="Sirija">Sirija</a>; imenovani zato, ker so njihova vrata kazala v smeri teh ciljev. Razdalja med temi vrati je bila nekaj manj kot 2,4 km. Vsaka vrata so imela dvojna vrata, ki so bila narejena iz železa; vrata so bila tako težka, da jih je odpiralo in zapiralo več moških. Sam zid je bil na dnu debel okoli 44 m, na vrhu pa okoli 12 m. Poleg tega je bil zid visok 30 m, in je vključeval <a href="/wiki/Cina_(arhitektura)" title="Cina (arhitektura)">cine</a>, trden del <a href="/wiki/Parapet" title="Parapet">parapeta</a>, ki je bil običajno preboden s <a href="/wiki/Strelnica" title="Strelnica">strelnicami</a>. Ta zid je bil obdan z drugim zidom, debelim 50 m. Drugo obzidje je imelo stolpe in zaobljene cine, ki so obdajale stolpe. Ta zunanji zid je bil zaščiten s trdno <a href="/wiki/Glasija" title="Glasija">glasijo</a>, ki je zgrajena iz opeke in živega apna. Za zunanjim zidom je bil jarek, napolnjen z vodo. </p> <dl><dt>Palača Golden Gate</dt></dl> <p>Palača Golden Gate, rezidenca kalifa in njegove družine, je bila v središču Bagdada, na osrednjem trgu. V osrednjem delu stavbe je bila zelena kupola, visoka 39 m. Okoli palače je bila esplanada, zgradba ob vodi, v katero je lahko prišel samo kalif na konju. Poleg tega je bila palača v bližini drugih dvorcev in častniških rezidenc. Blizu Sirijskih vrat je stavba služila kot dom stražarjem. Zgrajena je bila iz opeke in marmorja. Guverner palače je živel v zadnjem delu stavbe, poveljnik straže pa spredaj. Leta 813, po smrti kalifa Al-Amina, palača ni bila več uporabljena kot dom za kalifa in njegovo družino.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWiet197115_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWiet197115-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Okroglost kaže na dejstvo, da je temeljila na arabski pisavi.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dva oblikovalca, ki ju je najel Al-Mansur, da načrtujeta zasnovo mesta, sta bila Naubakht, zoroastrijec, ki je prav tako določil, da bo datum ustanovitve mesta astrološko ugoden, in Mašalah, Jud iz Horasana v Iranu.<sup id="cite_ref-ref2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Središče_učenja_(8.–9._st.)"><span id="Sredi.C5.A1.C4.8De_u.C4.8Denja_.288..E2.80.939._st..29"></span>Središče učenja (8.–9. st.)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi razdelek: Središče učenja (8.–9. st.)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=4" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Središče učenja (8.–9. st.)"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Glavni članek: <a href="/wiki/Islamska_zlata_doba" title="Islamska zlata doba">Islamska zlata doba</a>.</i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%283%29.jpg/220px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%283%29.jpg/330px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%283%29.jpg/440px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4140" data-file-height="2750" /></a><figcaption>Dvorišče <a href="/wiki/Medresa_Mustansirija" title="Medresa Mustansirija">medrese Mustansirija</a>, ustanovljena leta 1227, je bila ena najstarejših univerz na svetu. Njena zgradba je preživela mongolsko invazijo leta 1258. Sodobna univerza Mustansirija je bila ustanovljena leta 1963.</figcaption></figure> <p>V generaciji po ustanovitvi je Bagdad postal središče učenja in trgovine. Mesto je zacvetelo v neprekosljivo intelektualno središče znanosti, medicine, filozofije in izobraževanja, zlasti z abasidskim prevajalskim gibanjem, ki se je začelo pod drugim kalifom Al-Mansurjem in uspevalo pod sedmim kalifom <a href="/wiki/Al-Mamun" title="Al-Mamun">Al-Mamunom</a>. <i>Bajtul-Hikmah</i> ali »<a href="/wiki/Hi%C5%A1a_modrosti" title="Hiša modrosti">Hiša modrosti</a>« je bila med najbolj znanimi akademijami<sup id="cite_ref-Kh_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kh-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in je imela do sredine 9. stoletja največji izbor knjig na svetu. V tem času so v Bagdadu živeli pomembni učenjaki: prevajalec <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunajn_ibn_I%C5%A1ak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunajn ibn Išak (stran ne obstaja)">Hunajn ibn Išak</a>, matematik <a href="/wiki/Al_Hvarizmi" title="Al Hvarizmi">Al Hvarizmi</a> in filozof <a href="/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi">Al-Kindi</a>. Čeprav je bila <a href="/wiki/Arab%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Arabščina">arabščina</a> uporabljena kot mednarodni znanstveni jezik, znanost ni vključevala samo Arabcev, ampak tudi Perzijce, Sirce, nestorijance, Jude, arabske kristjane ter ljudi iz drugih etničnih in verskih skupin, ki so domorodne regije.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Te veljajo za temeljne elemente, ki so prispevali k razcvetu učenja v srednjeveškem islamskem svetu. Bagdad je bil tudi pomembno središče islamskega verskega učenja, z Al-Džahizom, ki je prispeval k oblikovanju mu'tazilske teologije, kot tudi z Al-Tabarijem, ki je dosegel vrhunec v učenju o eksegezi Korana. Bagdad je bil verjetno največje mesto na svetu od kmalu po ustanovitvi do leta 930, ko se je izenačil s [[Kordova|Córdobo. Številne ocene kažejo, da je imelo mesto na vrhuncu več kot milijon prebivalcev. Številne zgodbe iz <i>Tisoč in ene noči</i>, splošno znane kot <i>Arabske noči</i>, so postavljene v Bagdad v tem obdobju. Po blaginji in velikosti bi presegel celo <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel">Konstantinopel</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Khan_murjan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Khan_murjan.jpg/220px-Khan_murjan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Khan_murjan.jpg/330px-Khan_murjan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Khan_murjan.jpg/440px-Khan_murjan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9963" data-file-height="6580" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Han_Murjan" title="Han Murjan">Han Murjan</a>, suk zgrajen v 14. stoletju kot <a href="/wiki/Karavanseraj" title="Karavanseraj">karavanseraj</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Med znamenitostmi Bagdada v tem obdobju so bile njegove izjemne knjižnice. Številni abasidski kalifi so bili pokrovitelji učenja in so uživali v zbiranju starodavne in sodobne literature. Čeprav so nekateri knezi prejšnje dinastije Omajadov začeli zbirati in prevajati grško znanstveno literaturo, so bili Abasidi prvi, ki so spodbujali grško učenje v velikem obsegu. Mnoge od teh knjižnic so bile zasebne zbirke, namenjene samo lastnikom in njihovim neposrednim prijateljem, vendar so knjižnice kalifov in drugih uradnikov kmalu prevzele javni ali poljavni značaj. V tem obdobju so bile v Bagdadu ustanovljene štiri velike knjižnice. Najzgodnejša je bila tista slavnega Al Mamuna, ki je bil kalif od leta 813 do 833. Drugo je ustanovil Sabur ibn Ardašir leta 991 ali 993 za literate in učenjake, ki so pogosto obiskovali njegovo akademijo.<sup id="cite_ref-mackensen_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mackensen-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To drugo knjižnico so Seldžuki izropali in požgali že sedemdeset let po ustanovitvi. To je bil dober primer neke vrste knjižnice, zgrajene iz potreb in interesov literarne družbe. Zadnji dve sta bila primera knjižnic medres ali teoloških fakultet. Nezamije je ustanovil Perzijec <a href="/wiki/Nizam_Al_Mulk" title="Nizam Al Mulk">Nizam Al Mulk</a>, ki je bil vezir dveh zgodnjih seldžuških sultanov. Delovala je tudi po prihodu Mongolov leta 1258. <a href="/wiki/Medresa_Mustansirija" title="Medresa Mustansirija">Medreso Mustansirija</a>, ki je imela izjemno bogato knjižnico, je ustanovil Al Mustansir, predzadnji abasidski kalif, ki je umrl leta 1242. To naj bi bila zadnja velika knjižnica, ki so jo zgradili bagdadski kalifi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stagnacija_in_vdori_(10.–16._st.)"><span id="Stagnacija_in_vdori_.2810..E2.80.9316._st..29"></span>Stagnacija in vdori (10.–16. st.)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi razdelek: Stagnacija in vdori (10.–16. st.)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=5" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Stagnacija in vdori (10.–16. st.)"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:AlKhulafa_Mosque_in_Baghdad_46.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/AlKhulafa_Mosque_in_Baghdad_46.jpg/175px-AlKhulafa_Mosque_in_Baghdad_46.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/AlKhulafa_Mosque_in_Baghdad_46.jpg/262px-AlKhulafa_Mosque_in_Baghdad_46.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/AlKhulafa_Mosque_in_Baghdad_46.jpg/349px-AlKhulafa_Mosque_in_Baghdad_46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mo%C5%A1eja_Al-Khulafa" title="Mošeja Al-Khulafa">Mošeja Al-Khulafa</a> ohranja minaret iz obdobja Abasidov</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Zubaida_tomb.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Zubaida_tomb.JPG/220px-Zubaida_tomb.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Zubaida_tomb.JPG/330px-Zubaida_tomb.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Zubaida_tomb.JPG/440px-Zubaida_tomb.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Grobnica Zumurud Khatun v Bagdadu (zgrajena leta 1202 AD)</figcaption></figure> <p>Do 10. stoletja je bilo v mestu med 1,2 in 2 milijona prebivalcev.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zgodnja meteorna rast Bagdada se je sčasoma upočasnila zaradi težav v kalifatu, vključno s selitvijo prestolnice v <a href="/wiki/Samarra" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarra">Samarro</a> (v letih 808–819 in 836–892), izgubo zahodnih in najbolj vzhodnih provinc ter obdobji politične dominacije iranskih Buvejhidov ( 945–1055) in turških <a href="/wiki/Seld%C5%BEuki" title="Seldžuki">Seldžukov</a> (1055–1135). </p><p>Seldžuki so bili klan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oguzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oguzi (stran ne obstaja)">Oguzov</a> iz Srednje Azije, ki so se spreobrnili v sunitsko vejo islama. Leta 1040 so uničili Gaznevide in zavzeli njihovo deželo, leta 1055 pa je <a href="/wiki/Togrul_beg" title="Togrul beg">Togrul beg</a>, vodja Seldžukov, zavzel Bagdad. Seldžuki so izgnali nekaj časa vladajočo šiitsko dinastijo Bujidov in prevzeli oblast in nadzor nad Bagdadom. Vladali so kot sultani v imenu abasidskih kalifov (videli so se kot del abasidskega režima). Togrul beg se je videl kot zaščitnik abasidskih kalifov.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spodaj so navedena obleganja in vojne, v katere je bil vpleten Bagdad: </p> <ul><li>Obleganje Bagdada (812–813), kalifska državljanska vojna</li> <li>Obleganje Bagdada (865), abasidska državljanska vojna (865–866)</li> <li>Bitka pri Bagdadu (946), vojna Bujid–Hamdanid</li> <li>Obleganje Bagdada (1157), abasidno-seldžuške vojne</li> <li>Obleganje Bagdada (1258), mongolska osvojitev Bagdada</li> <li>Obleganje Bagdada (1393), <a href="/wiki/Timur_Lenk" title="Timur Lenk">Timur Lenk</a></li> <li>Zavzetje Bagdada (1394), egipčansko mameluško-džalajiridsko zavzetje Bagdada s strani Barkuka in Ahmada Džalajirja</li> <li>Obleganje Bagdada (1401), Timur Lenk</li> <li>Zavzetje Bagdada (1534), osmansko-safavidske vojne</li> <li>Zavzetje Bagdada (1623), osmansko-safavidske vojne</li> <li>Zavzetje Bagdada (1638), osmansko-safavidske vojne</li></ul> <p>Leta 1058 so Bagdad zavzeli <a href="/wiki/Fatimidi" title="Fatimidi">Fatimidi</a> pod turškim generalom Abu'l-Ḥārithom Arslānom al-Basasirijem, privržencem Ismailcev skupaj z Ukajlidskimi Kurejšiji.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nedolgo pred prihodom Seldžukov v Bagdad je al-Basasiri prosil fatimidskega imama-kalifa al-Mustansirja, naj ga podpre pri osvojitvi Bagdada v imenu ismailijskega imama. Pred kratkim je prišlo na dan, da je imel slavni fatimidski da'i, al-Mu'ajad al-Širazi, neposredno vlogo pri podpori al-Basasirija in je pomagal generalu, da je uspel zavzeti Mavṣil, Vāsit in Kufo. Kmalu zatem,<sup id="cite_ref-Daftary,_Farhad_1990_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daftary,_Farhad_1990-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> decembra 1058, je bil v Bagdadu uveden šiitski <i>adhan</i> (poziv k molitvi) in v imenu fatimidskega imama-kalifa je bila izrečena <i>khutba</i> (pridiga). Kljub svojim šiitskim nagnjenjem je Al-Basasiri prejel podporo tako od sunitov kot od šiitov, za katere je bilo nasprotovanje seldžuški moči pogost dejavnik.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Fall_Of_Baghdad_(Diez_Albums).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Fall_Of_Baghdad_%28Diez_Albums%29.jpg/300px-Fall_Of_Baghdad_%28Diez_Albums%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Fall_Of_Baghdad_%28Diez_Albums%29.jpg/450px-Fall_Of_Baghdad_%28Diez_Albums%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Fall_Of_Baghdad_%28Diez_Albums%29.jpg/600px-Fall_Of_Baghdad_%28Diez_Albums%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9472" data-file-height="5963" /></a><figcaption>Osvojitev Bagdada s strani Mongolov leta 1258</figcaption></figure> <p>10. februarja 1258 so Bagdad med obleganjem Bagdada zavzeli Mongoli, ki jih je vodil Hulegu, vnuk <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEingiskan" title="Džingiskan">Džingiskana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Veliko četrti je bilo uničenih zaradi požara, obleganja ali plenjenja. Mongoli so pobili večino prebivalcev mesta, vključno s kalifom Al-Musta'simom, in uničili velike dele mesta. Uničeni so bili tudi kanali in nasipi, ki tvorijo mestni namakalni sistem. V tem času so v Bagdadu kristjane in šiite tolerirali, medtem ko so sunite obravnavali kot sovražnike.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Z plenitvijo Bagdada je bil uničen Abasidski kalifat.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Trdili so, da je to pomenilo konec islamske zlate dobe in udarec, od katerega si islamska civilizacija ni nikoli povsem opomogla. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Timur_reconstruction03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Timur_reconstruction03.jpg/170px-Timur_reconstruction03.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Timur_reconstruction03.jpg/255px-Timur_reconstruction03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Timur_reconstruction03.jpg/340px-Timur_reconstruction03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="892" /></a><figcaption>Srednjeazijski turško-mongolski osvajalec Timur je mesto oplenil in prizanesel skoraj nikomur</figcaption></figure> <p>Na tej točki je Bagdadu vladal <a href="/wiki/Ilkanat" title="Ilkanat">Ilkanat</a>, odcepljena država Mongolskega cesarstva, ki je vladala iz Irana. Avgusta 1393 je Bagdad zasedel srednjeazijski turški osvajalec <a href="/wiki/Timur_Lenk" title="Timur Lenk">Timur Lenk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tako da je tja vkorakal v samo osmih dneh iz <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0iraz" title="Širaz">Širaza</a>. Sultan Ahmad Džalajir je pobegnil v Sirijo, kjer ga je mameluški sultan Barkuk zaščitil in ubil Timurjeve odposlance. Timur je zapustil sarbadarskega princa Khvaja Mas'uda, da vlada Bagdadu, vendar je bil izgnan, ko se je vrnil Ahmad Džalajir. </p><p>Leta 1401 je Timur znova oropal Bagdad.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ko so njegove sile zavzele Bagdad, ni prizanesel skoraj nikomur in ukazal, naj vsak od njegovih vojakov prinese nazaj dve odsekani človeški glavi.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bagdad je postal glavno mesto province pod nadzorom mongolskih dinastij Džalajirid (1400–1411), turških Kara Kojunlu (1411–1469), turških Ak Kojunlu (1469–1508) in iranskih Safavidov (1508–1534). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Osmani_in_mameluki_(16.–19._st.)"><span id="Osmani_in_mameluki_.2816..E2.80.9319._st..29"></span>Osmani in mameluki (16.–19. st.)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi razdelek: Osmani in mameluki (16.–19. st.)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=6" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Osmani in mameluki (16.–19. st.)"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leta 1534 je Bagdad zavzelo <a href="/wiki/Osmansko_cesarstvo" title="Osmansko cesarstvo">Osmansko cesarstvo</a>. Pod Osmani je Bagdad nadaljeval obdobje propadanja, deloma zaradi sovražnosti med njegovimi vladarji in iranskimi Safavidi, ki niso sprejeli sunitskega nadzora nad mestom. Med letoma 1623 in 1638 se je vrnil pod iransko oblast, preden je ponovno padel v osmanske roke. Bagdad je hudo trpel zaradi obiskov <a href="/wiki/Kuga" title="Kuga">kuge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kolera" title="Kolera">kolere</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bilo je dve tretjini njegovega prebivalstva izbrisanih.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mesto je doživelo relativno oživitev v drugi polovici 18. stoletja, pod vlado <a href="/wiki/Mameluki" title="Mameluki">mamelukov</a>. Neposredno osmansko vladavino je ponovno uvedel Ali Rıza Paša leta 1831. Od 1851 do 1852 in od 1861 do 1867 je Bagdad pod Osmanskim cesarstvom vodil Mehmed Namık Paša. <i>Enciklopedija Nuttall</i> poroča, da je leta 1907 v Bagdadu živelo 185.000 prebivalcev. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 206.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 204.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Baghdad_Eyalet,_Ottoman_Empire_(1609).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Bagdadski ejalet leta 1609"><img alt="Bagdadski ejalet leta 1609" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Baghdad_Eyalet%2C_Ottoman_Empire_%281609%29.png/307px-Baghdad_Eyalet%2C_Ottoman_Empire_%281609%29.png" decoding="async" width="205" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Baghdad_Eyalet%2C_Ottoman_Empire_%281609%29.png/461px-Baghdad_Eyalet%2C_Ottoman_Empire_%281609%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Baghdad_Eyalet%2C_Ottoman_Empire_%281609%29.png/615px-Baghdad_Eyalet%2C_Ottoman_Empire_%281609%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bagdadski ejalet leta 1609</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 252px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Baghdad_Vilayet,_Ottoman_Empire_(1900).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Bagdadski viljyet leta 1900"><img alt="Bagdadski viljyet leta 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Baghdad_Vilayet%2C_Ottoman_Empire_%281900%29.png/375px-Baghdad_Vilayet%2C_Ottoman_Empire_%281900%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Baghdad_Vilayet%2C_Ottoman_Empire_%281900%29.png/562px-Baghdad_Vilayet%2C_Ottoman_Empire_%281900%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Baghdad_Vilayet%2C_Ottoman_Empire_%281900%29.png/750px-Baghdad_Vilayet%2C_Ottoman_Empire_%281900%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2975" data-file-height="1905" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bagdadski viljyet leta 1900</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 253.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Market-Place_of_Bagdad.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Suk v Bagdadu, 1876"><img alt="Suk v Bagdadu, 1876" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Market-Place_of_Bagdad.jpeg/380px-Market-Place_of_Bagdad.jpeg" decoding="async" width="254" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Market-Place_of_Bagdad.jpeg/569px-Market-Place_of_Bagdad.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Market-Place_of_Bagdad.jpeg/759px-Market-Place_of_Bagdad.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="505" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Suk v Bagdadu, 1876</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moderna_doba">Moderna doba</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi razdelek: Moderna doba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=7" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Moderna doba"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Shahbandar_Cafe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Shahbandar_Cafe.jpg/170px-Shahbandar_Cafe.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Shahbandar_Cafe.jpg/255px-Shahbandar_Cafe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Shahbandar_Cafe.jpg/340px-Shahbandar_Cafe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kavarna_Al-%C5%A0abandar" title="Kavarna Al-Šabandar">Kavarna Al-Šabandar</a> v Bagdadu, 1923</figcaption></figure> <p>Bagdad in južni Irak sta ostala pod osmansko oblastjo do leta 1917, ko so ju med <a href="/wiki/Prva_svetovna_vojna" title="Prva svetovna vojna">prvo svetovno vojno</a> zavzeli Britanci. Leta 1920 je Bagdad postal prestolnica <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britanski_mandat_Mezopotamija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britanski mandat Mezopotamija (stran ne obstaja)">Britanskega mandata Mezopotamije</a>, pri čemer je bilo naročenih več arhitekturnih in načrtovalskih projektov za okrepitev te uprave. Po osamosvojitvi leta 1932 je mesto postalo glavno mesto <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kraljevina_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kraljevina Irak (stran ne obstaja)">Kraljevine Irak</a>. </p><p>V tem obdobju je znatna judovska skupnost (verjetno več kot 100.000 ljudi) obsegala med četrtino<sup id="cite_ref-GhareebDougherty2004_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GhareebDougherty2004-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in tretjino prebivalstva mesta.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1. aprila 1941 so člani »Zlatega kvadrata« in Rašid Ali v Bagdadu izvedli državni udar. Rašid Ali je namestil pronemško in proitalijansko vlado, ki je nadomestila probritansko vlado regenta Abd al-Ilaha. 31. maja, po anglo-iraški vojni, ki je nastala, in potem ko sta Rašid Ali in njegova vlada pobegnila, se je župan Bagdada predal britanskim silam in silam Commonwealtha. Med 1. in 2. junijem, med nastalim vakuumom oblasti, so bili judovski prebivalci napadeni po govoricah, da so pomagali Britancem. V tem, kar je postalo znano kot <i>Farhud</i>, je bilo ubitih več kot 180 Judov, 1000 ranjenih in na stotine judovskih posesti je bilo izropanih.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> V poskusu zadušitve nasilja je bilo ubitih med 300 in 400 nejudovskih izgrednikov.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Contingent_Arrives_in_England_For_Victory_Parade,_Liverpool,_Lancashire,_England,_UK,_1946_D27674.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Contingent_Arrives_in_England_For_Victory_Parade%2C_Liverpool%2C_Lancashire%2C_England%2C_UK%2C_1946_D27674.jpg/175px-Contingent_Arrives_in_England_For_Victory_Parade%2C_Liverpool%2C_Lancashire%2C_England%2C_UK%2C_1946_D27674.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Contingent_Arrives_in_England_For_Victory_Parade%2C_Liverpool%2C_Lancashire%2C_England%2C_UK%2C_1946_D27674.jpg/263px-Contingent_Arrives_in_England_For_Victory_Parade%2C_Liverpool%2C_Lancashire%2C_England%2C_UK%2C_1946_D27674.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Contingent_Arrives_in_England_For_Victory_Parade%2C_Liverpool%2C_Lancashire%2C_England%2C_UK%2C_1946_D27674.jpg/351px-Contingent_Arrives_in_England_For_Victory_Parade%2C_Liverpool%2C_Lancashire%2C_England%2C_UK%2C_1946_D27674.jpg 2x" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>Trije Iračani Levies, ki so se leta 1946 prostovoljno javili za službo kot zemeljska posadka pri kraljevem letalstvu, gledajo čez bok ladje ORBITA, ko ta pripluje v doke v Liverpoolu. Od leve proti desni so: narednik Macko Shmos, poddesetnik Adoniyo Odisho in desetnik Yoseph Odisho.</figcaption></figure> <p>Prebivalstvo mesta je naraslo s približno 145.000 leta 1900 na 580.000 leta 1950. 14. julija 1958 so pripadniki iraške vojske pod poveljstvom Abd al-Karima Kasima izvedli državni udar, da bi strmoglavili Kraljevino Irak. Med državnim udarom so bili brutalno ubiti kralj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fejsal_II._Ira%C5%A1ki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fejsal II. Iraški (stran ne obstaja)">Fejsal II.</a>, nekdanji premier Nuri al-Said, nekdanji regent princ 'Abd al-Ilah, člani kraljeve družine in drugi. Številna trupla žrtev so nato vlekli po ulicah Bagdada. V 1970-ih je Bagdad doživel obdobje blaginje in rasti zaradi močnega zvišanja cen nafte, glavnega iraškega izvoza. V tem obdobju je bila zgrajena nova infrastruktura, vključno s sodobno kanalizacijo, vodo in avtocestnimi objekti. Načrte mesta (1967, 1973) je izdelal poljski načrtovalski urad Miastoprojekt-Kraków ob posredovanju Polservice. Vendar pa je bila <a href="/wiki/Iransko-ira%C5%A1ka_vojna" title="Iransko-iraška vojna">iransko-iraška vojna</a> v 1980-ih za mesto težak čas, saj je <a href="/wiki/Sadam_Husein" title="Sadam Husein">Sadam Husein</a> preusmeril denar vojski in na tisoče prebivalcev je bilo ubitih. Iran je sprožil številne raketne napade na Bagdad kot povračilo za nenehna bombardiranja teheranskih stanovanjskih četrti. V letih 1991 in 2003 sta <a href="/wiki/Zalivska_vojna" title="Zalivska vojna">zalivska vojna</a> in ameriška invazija na Irak povzročili znatno škodo prometni, energetski in sanitarni infrastrukturi Bagdada, saj so koalicijske sile pod vodstvom ZDA v obeh vojnah začele obsežne zračne napade na mesto. Tudi leta 2003 so manjši nemiri v mestu (ki so se zgodili 21. julija) povzročili nekaj nemira med prebivalstvom. Zgodovinska »asirska četrt« mesta Dora, ki se je leta 2003 ponašala s 150.000 Asirci, je takrat predstavljala več kot 3 % asirskega prebivalstva prestolnice. Skupnost je bila predmet ugrabitev, groženj s smrtjo, vandalizma in zažiganja hiš s strani <a href="/wiki/Al_Kaida" title="Al Kaida">Al Kaide</a> in drugih uporniških skupin. Konec leta 2014 je v Dori ostalo le še 1500 Asircev.ref><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5980307">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«""›""‹"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2014" class="citation news cs1">Spencer, Richard (22. december 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/11307515/Iraq-crisis-The-last-Christians-of-Dora.html">»Iraq crisis: The last Christians of Dora«</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180413063147/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/11307515/Iraq-crisis-The-last-Christians-of-Dora.html">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 13. aprila 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 5. aprila 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.atitle=Iraq+crisis%3A+The+last+Christians+of+Dora&rft.date=2014-12-22&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq%2F11307515%2FIraq-crisis-The-last-Christians-of-Dora.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></ref> Vojna v Iraku je potekala od leta 2003 do 2011, vendar je islamistični upor trajal do leta 2013. Sledila je še ena vojna od 2013 do 2017 in upor nizke ravni od leta 2017, ki je vključeval samomorilske bombne napade januarja 2018 in januarja 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neprecenljivo zbirko artefaktov v Iraškem narodnem muzeju so med invazijo pod vodstvom ZDA leta 2003 izropali iraški državljani. Uničenih je bilo na tisoče starodavnih rokopisov v Nacionalni knjižnici. </p><p>Decembra 2015 je Bagdad UNESCO izbral za prvo arabsko mesto središča literarne ustvarjalnosti.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bagdad je pridobil na pomenu 3. januarja 2020, ko je bil iranski generalmajor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasem_Sulejmani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasem Sulejmani (stran ne obstaja)">Kasem Sulejmani</a> ubit v napadu ameriškega brezpilotnega letala na bagdadsko mednarodno letališče. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prizadevanja_za_obnovo">Prizadevanja za obnovo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi razdelek: Prizadevanja za obnovo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=8" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Prizadevanja za obnovo"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7.jpg/220px-%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7.jpg/330px-%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7.jpg/440px-%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2301" data-file-height="1544" /></a><figcaption>Pogled na središče Bagdada, marec 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>Večina iraških prizadevanj za obnovo je bila namenjena obnovi in popravilu močno poškodovane mestne infrastrukture. Opravljena so bila tudi vidnejša prizadevanja za obnovo z zasebnim razvojem, kot je Bagdadski renesančni načrt arhitekta in urbanega oblikovalca Hišama N. Aškourija ter hotelski kompleks in konferenčni center Sindbad.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vladna agencija je leta 2008 predlagala načrt za obnovo turističnega otoka. Iskali so vlagatelje za razvoj 'romantičnega otoka' na reki Tigris, ki je bil nekoč priljubljen kraj za medene tedne za mladoporočence. Projekt bi vključeval hotel s šestimi zvezdicami, spa, igrišče za golf z 18 luknjami in podeželski klub. Poleg tega je bila dana zeleno luč za gradnjo številnih arhitekturno edinstvenih nebotičnikov ob Tigrisu, ki bi razvili mestno finančno središče v Kadhehemiah. Konec leta 2009 je bil predlagan gradbeni načrt za obnovo srca Bagdada, vendar načrt ni bil nikoli uresničen, ker je bila vanj vpletena korupcija. </p><p>Razgledno kolo <i>Bagdad Eye</i>, predlagano avgusta 2008 je bilo nameščeno v parku Al-Zavra marca 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maja 2010 je bil napovedan nov velik stanovanjski in komercialni projekt, imenovan Bagdadska vrata. </p><p>Avgusta 2010 je bila iraško-britanska arhitektka <a href="/wiki/Zaha_Hadid" title="Zaha Hadid">Zaha Hadid</a> imenovana za načrtovanje novega sedeža centralne banke v Bagdadu. Začetni pogovori o projektu so potekali v <a href="/wiki/Carigrad" title="Carigrad">carigradu</a> v Turčiji 14. avgusta 2010 v prisotnosti guvernerja centralne banke Sinana al-Šabibija. 2. februarja 2012 se je Zaha Hadid pridružila Sinanu al-Šabibiju na slovesnosti v Londonu ob podpisu sporazuma med Centralno banko Iraka in Zaha Hadid Architects za faze načrtovanja nove stavbe sedeža CBI. Gradnja je bila leta 2015 zaradi gospodarskih težav prestavljena, vendar se je leta 2019 znova začela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografija">Geografija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi razdelek: Geografija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=9" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Geografija"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mesto leži na obsežni aluvialni ravnici, ki jo razpolavlja reka <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a>. Mesto leži na obeh bregovih reke. Predel na vzhodnem bregu se imenuje '<a href="/w/index.php?title=Risafa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Risafa (stran ne obstaja)">Risafa</a>', predel na zahodnem bregu pa '<a href="/w/index.php?title=Karkh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karkh (stran ne obstaja)">Karkh</a>'. Mesto je zaradi lege na ravnici skoraj popolnoma ravno, kar je posledica poplavnega delovanja reke skozi zgodovino. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Tigris_River_in_Baghdad_(2016).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panoramski pogled na Tigris kot teče skozi Bagdad"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Tigris_River_in_Baghdad_%282016%29.jpg/1000px-Tigris_River_in_Baghdad_%282016%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Tigris_River_in_Baghdad_%282016%29.jpg/1500px-Tigris_River_in_Baghdad_%282016%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Tigris_River_in_Baghdad_%282016%29.jpg/2000px-Tigris_River_in_Baghdad_%282016%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2710" data-file-height="542" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Tigris_River_in_Baghdad_(2016).jpg" title="Slika:Tigris River in Baghdad (2016).jpg"> </a></div>Panoramski pogled na Tigris kot teče skozi Bagdad</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podnebje">Podnebje</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi razdelek: Podnebje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=10" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Podnebje"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bagdad ima subtropsko puščavsko podnebje po (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppnova_podnebna_klasifikacija" title="Köppnova podnebna klasifikacija">Köppnovi podnebni klasifikaciji</a> <i>BWh</i>) in je, ob upoštevanju najvišjih temperatur, eno najbolj vročih mest na svetu. Povprečna najvišja poletna temperatura med junijem in avgustom je okoli 44 °C, spremlja pa jo obilo sončnega vremena. V tem času je povprečno okoli šest deževnih dni, ki pa prinesejo le okoli 1 do 2 mm padavin dnevno.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Temperature, ki presegajo 50 °C v senci niso redke, pa tudi nočne temperature poleti redko padejo pod 24 °C. Zračna vlažnost v mestu je nizka in le redko presega 10%. Nizka vlažnost je posledica bližine puščave ter velike oddaljenosti Bagdada od <a href="/wiki/Perzijski_zaliv" title="Perzijski zaliv">Perzijskega zaliva</a>. V mestu so pogoste poletne <a href="/wiki/Pe%C5%A1%C4%8Dena_nevihta" class="mw-redirect" title="Peščena nevihta">peščene nevihte</a>, ki običajno pridejo iz zahodno ležeče puščave. </p><p>Pozimi je podnebje v mestu bolj znosno. Dnevi so topli, noči pa so bolj spremenljive. Od decembra do februarja so najvišje povprečne temperature od 15,5 do 18,5 °C. Najvišje zimske temperature se lahko povzpnejo tudi nad 21 °C. Jutranje zimske temperature so običajno nizke. Januarske povprečne najnižje temperature so okoli 3,8 °C. Temperatura pade pod ledišče le nekajkrat na leto. </p><p>Padavine se v mestu pojavljajo skoraj izključno v obdobju od novembra do marca. Običajno v tem času zapade med 338 in 37 mm padavin, povprečno pa okoli 150 mm. 11. januarja 2008 je Bagdad prvič v znani zgodovini doživel snežne padavine.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrativna_delitev_mesta">Administrativna delitev mesta</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi razdelek: Administrativna delitev mesta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=11" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Administrativna delitev mesta"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Administrativno je guvernat Bagdad razdeljen na okrožja, ki so nadalje razdeljena na podokrožja. Občinsko je guvernat razdeljen na 9 občin, ki so odgovorne za lokalna vprašanja. Regionalne službe pa usklajuje in izvaja župan, ki nadzira občine. Guvernatski svet je odgovoren za politiko celotnega guvernata. Ti uradni deli mesta so služili kot upravna središča za zagotavljanje komunalnih storitev, vendar do leta 2003 niso imeli politične funkcije. </p><p>Bagdad je razdeljen na 9 okrožij, ki jih sestavlja 89 uradnih sosesk. </p><p>Devet okrožnih svetov je: </p> <ul><li>Adhamiyah</li> <li>Karkh (zelena cona)</li> <li>Karrada</li> <li>Kadhimiya</li> <li>Mansour</li> <li>Mesto Sadr (Thawra)</li> <li>Al Rašid</li> <li>Rusafa</li> <li>Novi Bagdad (Tisaa Nissan) (9. april)</li></ul> <p>Okrožja, ki sestavljajo Bagdad so:<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Teh devet okrožij se nadalje deli na 89 manjših sosesk, ki lahko sestavljajo sektorje katerega koli od zgornjih okrožij. Sledi izbor (namesto celotnega seznama) teh sosesk: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5426403">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li>Al-Ghazaliya</li> <li>Al-A'amiriya</li> <li>Dora</li> <li>Karrada</li> <li>Al-Jadriya</li> <li>Al-Hebnaa</li> <li>Zayouna</li> <li>Al-Saydiya</li> <li>Al-Sa'adoon</li> <li>Al-Shu'ala</li> <li>Al-Mahmudiyah</li> <li>Bab Al-Moatham <ul><li>Baiyaa|Al-Baya'</li></ul></li> <li>Al-Za'franiya</li> <li>Hayy Ur</li> <li>Sha'ab</li> <li>Jamia</li> <li>Al-Adel</li> <li>Al Khadhraa</li> <li>Hayy Al-Jihad</li> <li>Hayy Al-A'amel</li> <li>Hayy Aoor</li> <li>Al-Hurriya</li> <li>Hayy Al-Shurtta</li> <li>Yarmouk</li> <li>Jesr Diyala</li> <li>Abu Disher</li> <li>Raghiba Khatoun</li> <li>Arab Jibor</li> <li>Al-Fathel</li> <li>Al-Ubedy</li> <li>Al-Washash</li> <li>Al-Wazireya</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religija">Religija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi razdelek: Religija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=12" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Religija"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bagdad je dom različnih etničnih in verskih skupin z arabsko večino, pa tudi Kurdov, Turkmenov, Asircev, Jazidov, Šabakov, Armencev in Mandejcev. Večina državljanov je muslimanov, prisotne pa so tudi manjšine kristjanov, jezidov in mandejcev. Po mestu je veliko verskih središč, vključno z mošejami, cerkvami in kultnimi kočami Maškhanas. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mo%C5%A1eja_Al-Kazimija" title="Mošeja Al-Kazimija">Mošeja Al-Kazimija</a> je svetišče v predmestju Kadhimajn v Bagdadu. Vsebuje grobnice sedmega in devetega dvanajstega šiitskega imama, Muse al-Kadhima oziroma Mohameda at-Takija, ki jima je bil podeljen naslov Kādhimajn ("Dva, ki pogoltneta svojo jezo"). Mnogi šiiti potujejo v mošejo iz oddaljenih krajev, da bi se spomnili teh imamov. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Al-Kadhimiya_Mosque_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mošeja Al-Kazimija"><img alt="Mošeja Al-Kazimija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Al-Kadhimiya_Mosque_1.jpg/270px-Al-Kadhimiya_Mosque_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Al-Kadhimiya_Mosque_1.jpg/406px-Al-Kadhimiya_Mosque_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Al-Kadhimiya_Mosque_1.jpg/541px-Al-Kadhimiya_Mosque_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mo%C5%A1eja_Al-Kazimija" title="Mošeja Al-Kazimija">Mošeja Al-Kazimija</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 169.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 167.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Armenska cerkev sv. Gregorja v Bagdadu"><img alt="Armenska cerkev sv. Gregorja v Bagdadu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86.jpg/251px-%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86.jpg/376px-%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86.jpg/501px-%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4806" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Armenska_cerkev_sv._Gregorja_v_Bagdadu" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenska cerkev sv. Gregorja v Bagdadu">Armenska cerkev sv. Gregorja v Bagdadu</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Al-_Saray_Mosque_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mošeja Al-Sarrai"><img alt="Mošeja Al-Sarrai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Al-_Saray_Mosque_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A.jpg/279px-Al-_Saray_Mosque_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Al-_Saray_Mosque_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A.jpg/418px-Al-_Saray_Mosque_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Al-_Saray_Mosque_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A.jpg/558px-Al-_Saray_Mosque_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3874" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mo%C5%A1eja_Al-Sarrai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mošeja Al-Sarrai (stran ne obstaja)">Mošeja Al-Sarrai</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mošeja Khilani"><img alt="Mošeja Khilani" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.jpg/240px-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.jpg/360px-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.jpg/480px-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mo%C5%A1eja_Khilani" title="Mošeja Khilani">Mošeja Khilani</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>V okrožju Kadhimija v Bagdadu je bila hiša Baháʼu'lláha (prerok ustanovitelj vere Baha'i), znana tudi kot 'Največja hiša' (<i>Bayt-i-Aʻzam</i>) in 'Božja hiša', kjer je Baháʼu'lláh večinoma bival od leta 1853 do 1863. Bahaji ga imajo za sveti kraj in romarski kraj v skladu z njihovo »Najsvetejšo knjigo«. 23. junija 2013 je bila hiša v nerazjasnjenih okoliščinah uničena.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turizem">Turizem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi razdelek: Turizem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=13" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Turizem"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bagdad je bil nekoč ena glavnih destinacij v državi in regiji s številnimi kulturnimi znamenitostmi. Turizem se je zmanjšal od iraško-iranske vojne in pozneje med ameriško invazijo, vendar je v zadnjih letih Bagdad postal glavna turistična destinacija, čeprav se še vedno sooča z izzivi. </p><p>V Bagdadu so številni zgodovinski, znanstveni in umetniški muzeji, ki vključujejo <a href="/wiki/Ira%C5%A1ki_narodni_muzej" title="Iraški narodni muzej">Iraški narodni muzej</a>, Bagdadijev muzej, Naravoslovni muzej in številni drugi. </p><p>Bagdad je znan po znameniti <a href="/wiki/Ulica_Mutanabi" title="Ulica Mutanabi">ulici Mutanabi</a>, ki je dobro uveljavljena za prodajo knjig in jo pogosto imenujejo srce in duša bagdadske literarne in intelektualne skupnosti. Letni mednarodni knjižni sejem v Bagdadu je mednarodnemu založniškemu svetu dobro znan kot obetaven založniški dogodek v regiji po letih nestabilnosti. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 97.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 95.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Inbound3876607660648875635%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abasidska palača"><img alt="Abasidska palača" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Inbound3876607660648875635%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A.jpg/143px-Inbound3876607660648875635%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Inbound3876607660648875635%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A.jpg/214px-Inbound3876607660648875635%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Inbound3876607660648875635%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A.jpg/285px-Inbound3876607660648875635%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3824" data-file-height="5628" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Abasidska_pala%C4%8Da" title="Abasidska palača">Abasidska palača</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 251.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 249.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bagdadijev muzej"><img alt="Bagdadijev muzej" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A.jpg/374px-%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A.jpg/560px-%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A.jpg/747px-%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bagdadijev_muzej" title="Bagdadijev muzej">Bagdadijev muzej</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 251.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 249.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Iraqi_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iraški narodni muzej"><img alt="Iraški narodni muzej" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Iraqi_Museum.jpg/374px-Iraqi_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Iraqi_Museum.jpg/560px-Iraqi_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Iraqi_Museum.jpg/747px-Iraqi_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ira%C5%A1ki_narodni_muzej" title="Iraški narodni muzej">Iraški narodni muzej</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Al-Zawra%27a_Park.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Park Al-Zawra'a"><img alt="Park Al-Zawra'a" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Al-Zawra%27a_Park.png/328px-Al-Zawra%27a_Park.png" decoding="async" width="219" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Al-Zawra%27a_Park.png/491px-Al-Zawra%27a_Park.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Al-Zawra%27a_Park.png/655px-Al-Zawra%27a_Park.png 2x" data-file-width="2913" data-file-height="1869" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Park Al-Zawra'a</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 94.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 92.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:Al_Salam_Palace_Iraq.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palača As-Salam"><img alt="Palača As-Salam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Al_Salam_Palace_Iraq.jpg/139px-Al_Salam_Palace_Iraq.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Al_Salam_Palace_Iraq.jpg/209px-Al_Salam_Palace_Iraq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Al_Salam_Palace_Iraq.jpg/279px-Al_Salam_Palace_Iraq.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pala%C4%8Da_As-Salam" title="Palača As-Salam">Palača As-Salam</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slika:DJK_8850tm.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palača Al-Faw"><img alt="Palača Al-Faw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/DJK_8850tm.jpg/328px-DJK_8850tm.jpg" decoding="async" width="219" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/DJK_8850tm.jpg/491px-DJK_8850tm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/DJK_8850tm.jpg/655px-DJK_8850tm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4552" data-file-height="2920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pala%C4%8Da_Al-Faw" title="Palača Al-Faw">Palača Al-Faw</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zanimivosti">Zanimivosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi razdelek: Zanimivosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=14" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Zanimivosti"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Ira%C5%A1ki_narodni_muzej" title="Iraški narodni muzej">Iraški narodni muzej</a></b>, katerega zbirka artefaktov je bila izropana med ameriško invazijo leta 2003, in ikonični loki <i>Roke zmage</i>. Več iraških strani razpravlja o tem, ali naj loki ostanejo kot zgodovinski spomeniki ali naj se razstavijo. Pod Sadamovim poveljstvom so uničili na tisoče starodavnih rokopisov v Nacionalni knjižnici.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ulica_Mutanabi" title="Ulica Mutanabi">Ulica Mutanabi</a></b> je v bližini stare četrti Bagdada; na ulici Al-Rašid. To je zgodovinsko središče Bagdadijeve prodajalne knjige, ulica, polna knjigarn in knjižnih stojnic na prostem. Ime je dobila po klasičnem iraškem pesniku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Mutanabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Mutanabi (stran ne obstaja)">Al-Mutanabiju</a> iz 10. stoletja.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes2008_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes2008-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ta ulica je dobro uveljavljena za prodajo knjig in jo pogosto imenujejo srce in duša bagdadske pismenosti in intelektualne skupnosti.</li> <li><b>Bagdadski živalski vrt</b> je bil nekoč največji živalski park na Bližnjem vzhodu. V osmih dneh po invaziji leta 2003 pa je preživelo le 35 od 650 živali v objektu. To je bila posledica kraje nekaterih živali za prehrano ljudi in stradanja živali v kletkah, ki niso imele hrane. Naravovarstvenik Lawrence Anthony in nekateri oskrbniki živalskega vrta so skrbeli za živali in hranili mesojedce z osli, ki so jih kupili lokalno.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_radio_4,_zoo_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_radio_4,_zoo-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sčasoma je Paul Bremer, direktor začasne koalicijske oblasti v Iraku po invaziji, odredil zaščito živalskega vrta in angažiral ameriške inženirje, da pomagajo ponovno odpreti objekt.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Veliki_trg_praznovanj" title="Veliki trg praznovanj">Veliki trg praznovanj</a></b> je glavni trg, kjer potekajo javna praznovanja in je tudi dom treh pomembnih spomenikov v spomin na padle iraške vojake in zmage v vojni; in sicer spomenik Al-Šaheed, slavolok zmage in spomenik neznanemu vojaku.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Spomenik_Al-%C5%A0aheed" title="Spomenik Al-Šaheed">Spomenik Al-Šaheed</a></b>, znan tudi kot <b>Spomenik mučenikov</b>, je spomenik, posvečen iraškim vojakom, ki so padli v iransko-iraški vojni. Vendar pa Iračani zdaj na splošno menijo, da je za vse mučenike Iraka, zlasti za tiste, ki so v zavezništvu Irana in Sirije v boju proti ISIS-u, ne le za iransko-iraško vojno. Spomenik so odprli leta 1983, zasnovala pa sta ga iraški arhitekt Saman Kamal ter iraški kipar in umetnik Ismail Fatah Al Turk. V 1970-ih in 1980-ih je vlada Sadama Huseina porabila veliko denarja za nove spomenike, med katerimi je bil tudi spomenik Al-Šaheed.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Slika:%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%282%29.jpg/220px-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%282%29.jpg/330px-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%282%29.jpg/440px-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1322" data-file-height="901" /></a><figcaption>Trg Kušla</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Kušla ali Kišla je javni trg in zgodovinski kompleks v soseski al-Rusafa na bregu reke Tigris. V Kušli in njeni okolici so skoncentrirane zgodovinske značilnosti in kulturne prestolnice Bagdada, od ulice Mutanabi, palače in mostov iz obdobja Abasidov, mošej iz osmanskega obdobja do <b><a href="/wiki/Medresa_Mustansirija" title="Medresa Mustansirija">medrese Mustansirija</a></b>. Trg se je razvil v osmanski dobi kot vojaška vojašnica. Danes je to kraj, kjer državljani Bagdada najdejo razvedrilo, kot je branje poezije v paviljonih.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zanj je značilen znameniti stolp z uro, ki ga je podaril Jurij V. Celotno območje je uvrščeno na Unescov poskusni seznam svetovne dediščine.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A'dhamiyyah je pretežno sunitsko območje z mošejo, ki je povezana s sunitskim imamom Abu Hanifo. Ime Al-Aʿẓamiyyah izhaja iz naslova Abu Hanife, al-Imām al-Aʿẓam (Veliki Imam).<sup id="cite_ref-al-Aadhamy_-_p.29_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-al-Aadhamy_-_p.29-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_the_Mosque_of_Abu_Hanifa_and_its_school_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_the_Mosque_of_Abu_Hanifa_and_its_school-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Trg Firdos je javni odprti prostor v Bagdadu in lokacija dveh najbolj znanih hotelov, Palestine Hotel in Sheraton Ištar, ki sta tudi najvišji stavbi v Bagdadu.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Na trgu je bil postavljen kip Sadama Huseina, ki so ga med invazijo na Irak leta 2003 podrle koalicijske sile pod vodstvom ZDA v dogodku, ki ga je obsežno prenašala televizija.</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulica_Al-Ra%C5%A1id&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulica Al-Rašid (stran ne obstaja)">Ulica Al-Rašid</a></b> je ena najpomembnejših znamenitosti v Bagdadu. Ulica, ki je na območju al-Rusafa, je bila umetniško, intelektualno in kulturno središče za številne Bagdadčane. Vključevala je tudi številna ugledna gledališča in nočne klube, kot je Crescent Theatre, kjer je egiptovska pevka Umm Kulthum pela med svojim obiskom leta 1932, ter Chakmakji Company, ki je posnela glasbo različnih arabskih pevcev. Ulica vsebuje tudi znane in dobro znane znamenitosti, vključno s starodavno mošejo Hajdar-Kana ter številnimi znanimi kavarnami, kot sta kavarna al-Zahavi in brazilska kavarna. Ulica je znana tudi po svoji arhitekturi in estetiki, ki je bila navdihnjena z renesančno arhitekturo in vključuje tudi znameniti iraški <a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%A1rabija" title="Mašrabija">šanašel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Suk_al-Safafeer" title="Suk al-Safafeer">Suk al-Safafeer</a></b> e starodavni suk ali bazar v Bagdadu, ki se odcepi od ulice al-Rašid in se povezuje z medreso Mustansirija. Tržnica je znana po številnih zvokih udarcev kladiva, ki so odmevali po vsej tržnici.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mednarodni_odnosi">Mednarodni odnosi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi razdelek: Mednarodni odnosi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=15" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Mednarodni odnosi"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pobratena_mesta">Pobratena mesta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi razdelek: Pobratena mesta" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=16" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Pobratena mesta"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jordanija" title="Jordanija"><img alt="Jordanija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aman" title="Aman">Aman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordanija" title="Jordanija">Jordanija</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon"><img alt="Libanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bejrut" title="Bejrut">Bejrut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libanon" title="Libanon">Libanon</a><sup id="cite_ref-twins_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twins-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Zdru%C5%BEeni_arabski_emirati" title="Združeni arabski emirati"><img alt="Združeni arabski emirati" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dubaj" title="Dubaj">Dubaj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zdru%C5%BEeni_Arabski_Emirati" class="mw-redirect" title="Združeni Arabski Emirati">Združeni Arabski Emirati</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opombe">Opombe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Uredi razdelek: Opombe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=17" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Opombe"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-population-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-population_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Estimates of total population differ substantially. The CIA World Factbook estimated the 2020 population of Baghdad at 7,144,000<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a> estimated the 2005 population at 5,904,000;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lancet_surveys_of_Iraq_War_casualties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lancet surveys of Iraq War casualties (stran ne obstaja)">2006 Lancet Report</a> states a population of 7,216,050;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mongabay gives a figure of 6,492,200 as of 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-largestcities_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-largestcities-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sklici">Sklici</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Uredi razdelek: Sklici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=18" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Sklici"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFPetersen2011" class="citation web cs1">Petersen, Andrew (13. september 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160916131027/http://islamic-arts.org/2011/baghdad-madinat-al-salam/">»Baghdad (Madinat al-Salam)«</a>. Islamic Arts & Architecture. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://islamic-arts.org/2011/baghdad-madinat-al-salam/">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 16. septembra 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 23. avgusta 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=neznano&rft.btitle=Baghdad+%28Madinat+al-Salam%29&rft.pub=Islamic+Arts+%26+Architecture&rft.date=2011-09-13&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fislamic-arts.org%2F2011%2Fbaghdad-madinat-al-salam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/baghdad-population">»Baghdad Population Live«</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 16. maja 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=neznano&rft.btitle=Baghdad+Population+Live&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fworld-cities%2Fbaghdad-population&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iraq">»Iraq«</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svetovni_podatkovnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svetovni podatkovnik (stran ne obstaja)">Svetovni podatkovnik</a></i> (2024 izd.). <a href="/wiki/Centralna_obve%C5%A1%C4%8Devalna_agencija" title="Centralna obveščevalna agencija">Centralna obveščevalna agencija</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 16. maja 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=Svetovni+podatkovnik&rft.atitle=Iraq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Firaq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/download/factbook-2020.zip">(Archived 2020 edition)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Baghdad">"Baghdad"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151009070155/https://www.britannica.com/place/Baghdad">Arhivirano</a> 9 October 2015 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 19 July 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert_BurnhamRiyadh_LaftaShannon_DoocyLes_Roberts2006" class="citation journal cs1">Gilbert Burnham; Riyadh Lafta; Shannon Doocy; Les Roberts (11. oktober 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2806%2969491-9/fulltext#article_upsell">»Mortality after the 2003 invasion of Iraq: a cross-sectional cluster sample survey«</a>. <i>The Lancet</i>. <b>368</b> (9545): 1421–1428. <a href="/w/index.php?title=CiteSeerX_(identifikator)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CiteSeerX (identifikator) (stran ne obstaja)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Prosto dostopno"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.88.4036">10.1.1.88.4036</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2806%2969491-9">10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69491-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifikator)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17055943">17055943</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifikator)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23673934">23673934</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514134102/http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(06)69491-9/fulltext#article_upsell">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 14. maja 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 14. junija 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=Mortality+after+the+2003+invasion+of+Iraq%3A+a+cross-sectional+cluster+sample+survey&rft.volume=368&rft.issue=9545&rft.pages=1421-1428&rft.date=2006-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.88.4036%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23673934%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17055943&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2806%2969491-9&rft.au=Gilbert+Burnham&rft.au=Riyadh+Lafta&rft.au=Shannon+Doocy&rft.au=Les+Roberts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelancet.com%2Fjournals%2Flancet%2Farticle%2FPIIS0140-6736%252806%252969491-9%2Ffulltext%23article_upsell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(110 KB)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-largestcities-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-largestcities_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mongabay.com/igapo/Iraq.htm">"Cities and urban areas in Iraq with population over 100,000"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061115025616/http://www.mongabay.com/igapo/Iraq.htm">Arhivirano</a> 15 November 2006 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Mongabay.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/01/21/959115619/twin-suicide-bombings-in-baghdad-market-kill-and-wound-dozens">»Twin Suicide Bombings In Baghdad Market Kill At Least 32, Wound Over 100«</a> (v angleščini). National Public Radio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210521175609/https://www.npr.org/2021/01/21/959115619/twin-suicide-bombings-in-baghdad-market-kill-and-wound-dozens">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 21. maja 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 23. maja 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.atitle=Twin+Suicide+Bombings+In+Baghdad+Market+Kill+At+Least+32%2C+Wound+Over+100&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2021%2F01%2F21%2F959115619%2Ftwin-suicide-bombings-in-baghdad-market-kill-and-wound-dozens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Baghdad">»Baghdad, Foundation and early growth«</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151009070155/https://www.britannica.com/place/Baghdad">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 9. oktobra 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 21. oktobra 2015</span>. <q>[...] the site located between present-day Al-Kāẓimiyyah and Al-Karkh and occupied by a Persian village called Baghdad, was selected by al-Manṣūr, the second caliph of the Abbāsid dynasty, for his capital.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Baghdad%2C+Foundation+and+early+growth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FBaghdad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFEverett-Heath2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Everett-Heath, John (24. oktober 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191882913.001.0001/acref-9780191882913;jsessionid=7E75D9FF952E16EB73A7CFDF54E367A4"><i>The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names</i></a> (v ameriški angleščini). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780191882913.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780191882913.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-19-188291-3" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-19-188291-3"><bdi>978-0-19-188291-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Oxford+Dictionary+of+World+Place+Names&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019-10-24&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780191882913.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-188291-3&rft.aulast=Everett-Heath&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fdisplay%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780191882913.001.0001%2Facref-9780191882913%3Bjsessionid%3D7E75D9FF952E16EB73A7CFDF54E367A4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mackenzie, D. (1971). A concise Pahlavi Dictionary (p. 23, 16).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baghdad-iranian-connection-1-pr-Mongol">»BAGHDAD i. Before the Mongol Invasion – Encyclopædia Iranica«</a>. Iranicaonline.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171117020537/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/baghdad-iranian-connection-1-pr-Mongol">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 17. novembra 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 16. decembra 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=neznano&rft.btitle=BAGHDAD+i.+Before+the+Mongol+Invasion+%E2%80%93+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Iranica&rft.pub=Iranicaonline.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fbaghdad-iranian-connection-1-pr-Mongol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Block_FriedmanKristen_Mossler_Figg2013" class="citation book cs1">John Block Friedman; Kristen Mossler Figg, ur. (4. julij 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-OmCfNI_SxAC"><i>Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-1-135-59094-9" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-1-135-59094-9"><bdi>978-1-135-59094-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200128003749/https://books.google.com/books?id=-OmCfNI_SxAC">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 28. januarja 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 23. julija 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Trade%2C+Travel%2C+and+Exploration+in+the+Middle+Ages%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-07-04&rft.isbn=978-1-135-59094-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-OmCfNI_SxAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFWall-Romana1990" class="citation journal cs1">Wall-Romana, Christophe (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/546244">»An Areal Location of Agade«</a>. <i>Journal of Near Eastern Studies</i>. <b>49</b> (3): 205–245, 244. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F373442">10.1086/373442</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifikator)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2968">0022-2968</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifikator)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/546244">546244</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifikator)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161165836">161165836</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Near+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=An+Areal+Location+of+Agade&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=205-245%2C+244&rft.date=1990&rft.issn=0022-2968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161165836%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F546244%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F373442&rft.aulast=Wall-Romana&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F546244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFSallaberger1999" class="citation book cs1">Sallaberger, Walther (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43521617"><i>Akkade-Zeit und Ur III-Zeit</i></a>. Aage Westenholz. Freiburg, Schweiz: Universitätsverlag. str. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-3-7278-1210-1" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-3-7278-1210-1"><bdi>978-3-7278-1210-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifikator)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43521617">43521617</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Akkade-Zeit+und+Ur+III-Zeit&rft.place=Freiburg%2C+Schweiz&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A4tsverlag&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43521617&rft.isbn=978-3-7278-1210-1&rft.aulast=Sallaberger&rft.aufirst=Walther&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F43521617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFWall-Romana1990" class="citation journal cs1">Wall-Romana, Christophe (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/546244">»An Areal Location of Agade«</a>. <i>Journal of Near Eastern Studies</i>. <b>49</b> (3): 234–238, 244–245. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F373442">10.1086/373442</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifikator)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2968">0022-2968</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifikator)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/546244">546244</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifikator)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161165836">161165836</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Near+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=An+Areal+Location+of+Agade&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=234-238%2C+244-245&rft.date=1990&rft.issn=0022-2968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161165836%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F546244%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F373442&rft.aulast=Wall-Romana&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F546244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFCorzine2005" class="citation book cs1">Corzine, Phyllis (2005). <i>The Islamic Empire</i>. Thomson Gale. str. 68–69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+Empire&rft.pages=68-69&rft.pub=Thomson+Gale&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Corzine&rft.aufirst=Phyllis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBobrick2012">Bobrick 2012</a>, str. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFWiet1971" class="citation book cs1">Wiet, Gastron (1971). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Z brezplačno registracijo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/baghdadmetropoli00wiet"><i>Baghdad: Metropolis of the Abbasid Caliphate</i></a></span>. University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-8061-0922-0" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-8061-0922-0"><bdi>978-0-8061-0922-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Baghdad%3A+Metropolis+of+the+Abbasid+Caliphate&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-0922-0&rft.aulast=Wiet&rft.aufirst=Gastron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbaghdadmetropoli00wiet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFBosworth2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1. januar 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.iq/books?id=UB4uSVt3ulUC&redir_esc=y"><i>Historic Cities of the Islamic World</i></a> (v angleščini). BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-90-04-15388-2" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-90-04-15388-2"><bdi>978-90-04-15388-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Historic+Cities+of+the+Islamic+World&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.isbn=978-90-04-15388-2&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=Clifford+Edmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.iq%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUB4uSVt3ulUC%26redir_esc%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWiet197113-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWiet197113_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWiet1971">Wiet 1971</a>, str. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWiet197112-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWiet197112_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWiet1971">Wiet 1971</a>, str. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ox-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ox_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030325090348/http://islamicceramics.ashmol.ox.ac.uk/Abbasid/baghdad.htm">»Abbasid Ceramics: Plan of Baghdad«</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://islamicceramics.ashmol.ox.ac.uk/Abbasid/baghdad.htm">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 25. marca 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 5. oktobra 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=neznano&rft.btitle=Abbasid+Ceramics%3A+Plan+of+Baghdad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fislamicceramics.ashmol.ox.ac.uk%2FAbbasid%2Fbaghdad.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFBobrick2012" class="citation book cs1">Bobrick, Benson (2012). <i>The Caliph's Splendor: Islam and the West in the Golden Age of Baghdad</i>. Simon & Schuster. str. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-1-4165-6762-2" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-1-4165-6762-2"><bdi>978-1-4165-6762-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=The+Caliph%27s+Splendor%3A+Islam+and+the+West+in+the+Golden+Age+of+Baghdad&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-6762-2&rft.aulast=Bobrick&rft.aufirst=Benson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.net/culture/2019/5/16/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a8%d8%ba%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%ae%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%ad%d9%83%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%82%d9%87%d9%89">»بالصور.. أبو تحسين آخر حكواتي في بغداد«</a>. <i>الجزيرة نت</i> (v arabščini)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 29. aprila 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%86%D8%AA&rft.atitle=%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1..+%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88+%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86+%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1+%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.net%2Fculture%2F2019%2F5%2F16%2F%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b9%25d8%25b1%25d8%25a7%25d9%2582-%25d8%25a8%25d8%25ba%25d8%25af%25d8%25a7%25d8%25af-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d9%2582%25d8%25b5%25d8%25ae%25d9%2588%25d9%2586-%25d8%25ad%25d9%2583%25d9%2588%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa%25d9%258a-%25d9%2585%25d9%2582%25d9%2587%25d9%2589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWiet197115-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWiet197115_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWiet1971">Wiet 1971</a>, str. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFHattsteinPeter_Delius2000" class="citation book cs1">Hattstein, Markus; Peter Delius (2000). <i>Islam Art and Architecture</i>. Cologne: Könemann. str. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-3-8290-2558-4" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-3-8290-2558-4"><bdi>978-3-8290-2558-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Islam+Art+and+Architecture&rft.place=Cologne&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=K%C3%B6nemann&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-3-8290-2558-4&rft.aulast=Hattstein&rft.aufirst=Markus&rft.au=Peter+Delius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopædia Iranica</i>, Columbia University, p.413.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref2-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ref2_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFHill1994" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Donald R. (1994). <i>Islamic Science and Engineering</i>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press. str. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-7486-0457-9" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-7486-0457-9"><bdi>978-0-7486-0457-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Islamic+Science+and+Engineering&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Edinburgh+Univ.+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-0457-9&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Donald+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kh-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kh_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/sep/26/baghdad-centre-of-scientific-world">When Baghdad was centre of the scientific world</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191214120137/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/sep/26/baghdad-centre-of-scientific-world">Arhivirano</a> 14 December 2019 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <i>The Guardian</i>. Retrieved 16 February 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFMeri2018" class="citation book cs1">Meri, Josef (12. januar 2018). <i>Routledge Revivals: Medieval Islamic Civilization (2006)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315162416">10.4324/9781315162416</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-1-315-16241-6" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-1-315-16241-6"><bdi>978-1-315-16241-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Routledge+Revivals%3A+Medieval+Islamic+Civilization+%282006%29&rft.date=2018-01-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315162416&rft.isbn=978-1-315-16241-6&rft.aulast=Meri&rft.aufirst=Josef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F132055c0">»Sir Henry Lyons, F.R.S«</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>132</b> (3323): 55. Julij 1933. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifikator)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1933Natur.132S..55.">1933Natur.132S..55.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifikator)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Prosto dostopno"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F132055c0">10.1038/132055c0</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifikator)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifikator)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:47244046">47244046</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Sir+Henry+Lyons%2C+F.R.S&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=3323&rft.pages=55&rft.date=1933-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F132055c0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A47244046%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1933Natur.132S..55.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F132055c0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFPormann2007" class="citation book cs1">Pormann, Peter E. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/medievalislamicm0000porm"><i>Medieval Islamic medicine</i></a>. Savage-Smith, Emilie. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-1-58901-160-1" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-1-58901-160-1"><bdi>978-1-58901-160-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifikator)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/71581787">71581787</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Medieval+Islamic+medicine&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F71581787&rft.isbn=978-1-58901-160-1&rft.aulast=Pormann&rft.aufirst=Peter+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmedievalislamicm0000porm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mackensen-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mackensen_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mackensen, Ruth Stellhorn . (1932). Four Great Libraries of Medieval Baghdad. <i>The Library Quarterly: Information, Community, Policy</i>, Vol. 2, No. 3 (July 1932), pp. 279-299. University of Chicago Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFTrudy_RingRobert_M._SalkinK._A._BerneyPaul_E._Schellinger1996" class="citation book cs1">Trudy Ring; Robert M. Salkin; K. A. Berney; Paul E. Schellinger (1996). <i>International dictionary of historic places, Volume 4: Middle East and Africa</i>. Taylor and Francis. str. 116.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=International+dictionary+of+historic+places%2C+Volume+4%3A+Middle+East+and+Africa&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Taylor+and+Francis&rft.date=1996&rft.au=Trudy+Ring&rft.au=Robert+M.+Salkin&rft.au=K.+A.+Berney&rft.au=Paul+E.+Schellinger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Atlas of the Medieval World</i> pg. 170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Virani, Shafique N. <i>The Ismailis in the Middle Ages: A History of Survival, A Search for Salvation</i>, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daftary,_Farhad_1990-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Daftary,_Farhad_1990_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Daftary, Farhad. <i>The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 205-206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Daftary, Farhad. <i>The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://faculty.washington.edu/modelski/CAWC.htm">Central Asian world cities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118121401/https://faculty.washington.edu/modelski/CAWC.htm">Arhivirano</a> 18 January 2012 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., George Modelski</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFBosworthDonzelHeinrichsPellat1998" class="citation book cs1">Bosworth, C.E.; Donzel, E. van; Heinrichs, W.P.; Pellat, Ch., ur. (1998). <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume VII (Mif-Naz)</i>. BRILL. str. 1032. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-90-04-09419-2" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-90-04-09419-2"><bdi>978-90-04-09419-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Volume+VII+%28Mif-Naz%29&rft.pages=1032&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-90-04-09419-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/baghdad-sacked-mongols">»Baghdad Sacked by the Mongols | History Today«</a>. <i>www.historytoday.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180910014525/https://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/baghdad-sacked-mongols">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 10. septembra 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 9. septembra 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=www.historytoday.com&rft.atitle=Baghdad+Sacked+by+the+Mongols+%7C+History+Today&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historytoday.com%2Frichard-cavendish%2Fbaghdad-sacked-mongols&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_R.T._DumperBruce_E._Stanley2008" class="citation cs2">Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, ur. (2008), »Baghdad«, <i>Cities of the Middle East and North Africa</i>, Santa Barbara, US: ABC-CLIO</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knji%C5%BEni+predmet&rft.atitle=Baghdad&rft.btitle=Cities+of+the+Middle+East+and+North+Africa&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+US&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ian Frazier, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/04/25/050425fa_fact4?currentPage=5">Annals of history: Invaders: Destroying Baghdad</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607053406/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/04/25/050425fa_fact4?currentPage=5">Arhivirano</a> 7 June 2011 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., The New Yorker 25 April 2005. p.5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/civilsociety/articles/eav042806.shtml">New Book Looks at Old-Style Central Asian Despotism</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090118203132/http://eurasianet.org/departments/civilsociety/articles/eav042806.shtml">Arhivirano</a> 18 January 2009 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., EurasiaNet Civil Society, Elizabeth Kiem, 28 April 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F2TGkO7G43oC&pg=PA99">The Fertile Crescent, 1800-1914: a documentary economic history</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160504154243/https://books.google.com/books?id=F2TGkO7G43oC&pg=PA99">Arhivirano</a> 4 May 2016 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</i>". Charles Philip Issawi (1988). Oxford University Press US. p.99. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-19-504951-0" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-19-504951-0">978-0-19-504951-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Suraiya Faroqhi, Halil İnalcık, Donald Quataert (1997). "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c00jmTrjzAoC&pg=PA651">An economic and social history of the Ottoman Empire</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160513231157/https://books.google.com/books?id=c00jmTrjzAoC&pg=PA651">Arhivirano</a> 13 May 2016 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</i>". Cambridge University Press. p.651. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-521-57455-6" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-521-57455-6">978-0-521-57455-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GhareebDougherty2004-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GhareebDougherty2004_48-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFEdmund_A._GhareebBeth_Dougherty2004" class="citation book cs1">Edmund A. Ghareeb; Beth Dougherty (18. marec 2004). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Z brezplačno registracijo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000ghar"><i>Historical Dictionary of Iraq</i></a></span>. Scarecrow Press. str. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000ghar/page/125">125</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-8108-6568-6" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-8108-6568-6"><bdi>978-0-8108-6568-6</bdi></a>. <q>Jews represented 2.5 percent of 'Iraq's population and 25 percent of Baghdad's.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Iraq&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2004-03-18&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-6568-6&rft.au=Edmund+A.+Ghareeb&rft.au=Beth+Dougherty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio0000ghar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w75tAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Jewish Quarterly</i></a>. Zv. 42. Jewish Literary Trust. 1995. str. 11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502134253/https://books.google.com/books?id=w75tAAAAMAAJ">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 2. maja 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 2. maja 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Quarterly&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Jewish+Literary+Trust&rft.date=1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw75tAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFTsimhoni2001" class="citation book cs1">Tsimhoni, D. (2001). »The Pogrom (Farhud) against the Jews of Baghdad in 1941«. V Roth, J. K.; Maxwell, E.; Levy, M.; Whitworth, W. (ur.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rememberingforfu0000unse"><i>Remembering for the Future</i></a>. London: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-333-80486-5" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-333-80486-5"><bdi>978-0-333-80486-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knji%C5%BEni+predmet&rft.atitle=The+Pogrom+%28Farhud%29+against+the+Jews+of+Baghdad+in+1941&rft.btitle=Remembering+for+the+Future&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-333-80486-5&rft.aulast=Tsimhoni&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frememberingforfu0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kaplan, Robert D (<span dir="ltr">april 2014</span>). »In Defence of Empire«. <i>The Atlantic</i> (Print) (v ameriški angleščini). str. 13–15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=In+Defence+of+Empire&rft.pages=13-15&rft.date=2014-04&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Robert+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Predloga:Navedi_novice" title="Predloga:Navedi novice">navedi novice</a>}}</code>: Vzdrževanje CS1: samodejni prevod datuma (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Vzdr%C5%BEevanje_CS1:_samodejni_prevod_datuma" title="Kategorija:Vzdrževanje CS1: samodejni prevod datuma">povezava</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/21/middleeast/iraq-baghdad-explosion-intl/index.html">»At least 32 killed as first suicide bombing in nearly 2 years rocks Baghdad«</a>. 21. januar 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210122065840/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/21/middleeast/iraq-baghdad-explosion-intl/index.html">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 22. januarja 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 21. januarja 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=neznano&rft.btitle=At+least+32+killed+as+first+suicide+bombing+in+nearly+2+years+rocks+Baghdad&rft.date=2021-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2021%2F01%2F21%2Fmiddleeast%2Firaq-baghdad-explosion-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://una-oic.org/en/culture-and-arts/2015/12/13/7e63d4ee-4ff2-4611-aa32-b4a3ea257972/">»UNESCO chooses Baghdad as the first Arab city for literary creativity - Union of News Agencies of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation«</a> (v angleščini)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 18. februarja 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=neznano&rft.btitle=UNESCO+chooses+Baghdad+as+the+first+Arab+city+for+literary+creativity+-+Union+of+News+Agencies+of+the+Organization+of+Islamic+Cooperation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funa-oic.org%2Fen%2Fculture-and-arts%2F2015%2F12%2F13%2F7e63d4ee-4ff2-4611-aa32-b4a3ea257972%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081220055610/http://www.arcadd.com/baghdad-cbd.htm">»ARCADD«</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arcadd.com/baghdad-cbd.htm">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 20. decembra 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=neznano&rft.btitle=ARCADD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcadd.com%2Fbaghdad-cbd.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFAFP2011" class="citation web cs1">AFP (21. marec 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/2011/03/21/new-ferris-wheel-attracts-leisure-starved-iraqis.html">»New Ferris wheel attracts leisure-starved Iraqis«</a>. <i>dawn.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110824203839/http://www.dawn.com/2011/03/21/new-ferris-wheel-attracts-leisure-starved-iraqis.html">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 24. avgusta 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 31. maja 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=dawn.com&rft.atitle=New+Ferris+wheel+attracts+leisure-starved+Iraqis&rft.date=2011-03-21&rft.au=AFP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2F2011%2F03%2F21%2Fnew-ferris-wheel-attracts-leisure-starved-iraqis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120711043252/http://climexp.knmi.nl/data/pa40650_yr.txt">»Mesečne padavine za Bagdad (WMO #40650)«</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climexp.knmi.nl/data/pa40650_yr.txt">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 11. julija 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 8. septembra 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=neznano&rft.btitle=Mese%C4%8Dne+padavine+za+Bagdad+%28WMO+%2340650%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimexp.knmi.nl%2Fdata%2Fpa40650_yr.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREF(AFP)_–_Jan_11,_20082008" class="citation web cs1">(AFP) – Jan 11, 2008 (11. januar 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100929173506/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5huPkYk4bGVvo1Sa1tWeH-tgENiFw">»Afp.google.com, First snow for 100 years falls on Baghdad«</a>. Afp.google.com. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5huPkYk4bGVvo1Sa1tWeH-tgENiFw">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 29. septembra 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 27. aprila 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=neznano&rft.btitle=Afp.google.com%2C+First+snow+for+100+years+falls+on+Baghdad&rft.pub=Afp.google.com&rft.date=2008-01-11&rft.au=%28AFP%29+%E2%80%93+Jan+11%2C+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fafp.google.com%2Farticle%2FALeqM5huPkYk4bGVvo1Sa1tWeH-tgENiFw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.usatoday.com/news/graphics/troop_surge/flash.swf">»New troops to move into Iraq«</a>. <i>USA Today</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=New+troops+to+move+into+Iraq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fgraphics%2Ftroop_surge%2Fflash.swf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.bahai.org/story/961/">»Sacred site in Baghdad destroyed | BWNS«</a>. <i>Bahá'í World News Service</i> (v angleščini). 28. junij 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220131104128/https://news.bahai.org/story/961/">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 31. januarja 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 31. januarja 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD+World+News+Service&rft.atitle=Sacred+site+in+Baghdad+destroyed+%7C+BWNS&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.bahai.org%2Fstory%2F961%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes2008-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes2008_60-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFOwles2008" class="citation news cs1">Owles, Eric (18. december 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081221035319/http://baghdadbureau.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/12/18/then-and-now-a-new-chapter-for-baghdad-book-market/?hp">»Then and Now: A New Chapter for Baghdad Book Market«</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baghdadbureau.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/12/18/then-and-now-a-new-chapter-for-baghdad-book-market/?hp">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 21. decembra 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 19. maja 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Then+and+Now%3A+A+New+Chapter+for+Baghdad+Book+Market&rft.date=2008-12-18&rft.aulast=Owles&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaghdadbureau.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F12%2F18%2Fthen-and-now-a-new-chapter-for-baghdad-book-market%2F%3Fhp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_radio_4,_zoo-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_radio_4,_zoo_61-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/4a456893b10c4c55a2d0fbda730485c5">»<i>The Choice</i>, featuring Lawrence Anthony«</a>. BBC Radio 4. 4. september 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010055656/http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/4a456893b10c4c55a2d0fbda730485c5">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 10. oktobra 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 4. septembra 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.atitle=The+Choice%2C+featuring+Lawrence+Anthony&rft.date=2007-09-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenome.ch.bbc.co.uk%2F4a456893b10c4c55a2d0fbda730485c5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFMakiyaAl-Khalilm" class="citation cs2">Makiya, K.; Al-Khalilm, S., <i>The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Saddam Hussein's Iraq</i>, str. 29</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=The+Monument%3A+Art%2C+Vulgarity%2C+and+Responsibility+in+Saddam+Hussein%27s+Iraq&rft.pages=29&rft.aulast=Makiya&rft.aufirst=K.&rft.au=Al-Khalilm%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/12/al-qushla-iraq-oasis-free-expression-201412287593144958.html">Al-Qushla: Iraq's oasis of free expression.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180116193419/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/12/al-qushla-iraq-oasis-free-expression-201412287593144958.html">Arhivirano</a> 16 January 2018 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Al-Jazeera</i>. Retrieved 16 January 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5880/">5880</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180104073321/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5880/">Arhivirano</a> 4 January 2018 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <i>UNESCO</i>. Retrieved 16 January 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-al-Aadhamy_-_p.29-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-al-Aadhamy_-_p.29_65-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFal-Aadhamy" class="citation book cs1">al-Aadhamy. <i>History of the Great Imam mosque and al-Adhamiyah mosques 1</i>. str. 29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Great+Imam+mosque+and+al-Adhamiyah+mosques+1&rft.pages=29&rft.au=al-Aadhamy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History_of_the_Mosque_of_Abu_Hanifa_and_its_school-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-History_of_the_Mosque_of_Abu_Hanifa_and_its_school_66-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFAl_Shakir2013" class="citation web cs1">Al Shakir, Osama S. (20. oktober 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abu-hanefa.blogspot.com/2013/10/blog-post_30.html">»History of the Moof Abu Hanifa and its school«</a>. <i>Abu Hanifa An-Nu'man Mosque</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831083952/https://abu-hanefa.blogspot.com/2013/10/blog-post_30.html">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 31. avgusta 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 20. junija 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=Abu+Hanifa+An-Nu%27man+Mosque&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Moof+Abu+Hanifa+and+its+school&rft.date=2013-10-20&rft.aulast=Al+Shakir&rft.aufirst=Osama+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabu-hanefa.blogspot.com%2F2013%2F10%2Fblog-post_30.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/iraq-guide-green-zone-105823">»Iraq: A Guide to the Green Zone«</a>. <i>Newsweek</i>. 17. december 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180127084118/http://www.newsweek.com/iraq-guide-green-zone-105823">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 27. januarja 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 27. januarja 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=%C4%8Dlanek&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Iraq%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Green+Zone&rft.date=2006-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Firaq-guide-green-zone-105823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230614022127/https://iraqonana.com/2017/06/21/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%80%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%80%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%AC2/">»عراقٌ انا | الشـناشـيل ج2«</a>. <i>عراقٌ انا</i> (v arabščini). 21. junij 2017. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iraqonana.com/2017/06/21/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%80%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b4%d9%80%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%ac2/">prvotnega spletišča</a> dne 14. junija 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 23. julija 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=neznano&rft.jtitle=%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8C+%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7&rft.atitle=%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8C+%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7+%7C+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%80%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%80%D9%8A%D9%84+%D8%AC2&rft.date=2017-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firaqonana.com%2F2017%2F06%2F21%2F%25d8%25a7%25d9%2584%25d8%25b4%25d9%2580%25d9%2586%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b4%25d9%2580%25d9%258a%25d9%2584-%25d8%25ac2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-twins-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-twins_69-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2fwww%2ebeirut%2egov%2elb%2fMCMSEN%2fTwinning%2bthe%2bCities%2f&NRNODEGUID=%7b18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7d&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest">»Twinning the Cities«</a>. City of Beirut. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080221055403/http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2Fwww.beirut.gov.lb%2FMCMSEN%2FTwinning+the+Cities%2F&NRNODEGUID=%7B18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7D&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest">Arhivirano</a> iz spletišča dne 21. februarja 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pridobljeno 13. januarja 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=neznano&rft.btitle=Twinning+the+Cities&rft.pub=City+of+Beirut&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beirut.gov.lb%2FMCMSTest%2FMenu-Pages%2FSisterCitiesEN.aspx%3FNRMODE%3DPublished%26NRORIGINALURL%3D%252fwww%252ebeirut%252egov%252elb%252fMCMSEN%252fTwinning%252bthe%252bCities%252f%26NRNODEGUID%3D%257b18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%257d%26NRCACHEHINT%3DNoModifyGuest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Uredi razdelek: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=19" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Literatura"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Caecilia Pieri, Bagdad, la construction d'une capitale moderne, 1914–1960, Presses de l'Ifpo, 2015, 440 pages, about 800 illustrations (<a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/9782351593998" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-35159-399-8</a>) (ISSN 2225-7578).</li> <li>Mina Marefat, Caecilia Pieri, Gilles Ragot, Le Corbusier's Gymnasium in Bagdad, 2014, Éditions du patrimoine, collection Regards (French and English versions), Presses de l'Ifpo (Arabic version) (<a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/2757703013" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2757703013</a>).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><cite id="CITEREFPieri2011" class="citation book cs1">Pieri, Caecilia (2011). <i>Baghdad Arts Deco: Architectural Brickwork, 1920–1950</i> (1st izd.). The American University in Cairo Press. str. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifikator)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-977-416-356-2" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-977-416-356-2"><bdi>978-977-416-356-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=knjiga&rft.btitle=Baghdad+Arts+Deco%3A+Architectural+Brickwork%2C+1920%E2%80%931950&rft.pages=160&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=The+American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-977-416-356-2&rft.aulast=Pieri&rft.aufirst=Caecilia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsl.wikipedia.org%3ABagdad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>"Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-135" by Ibn Battuta.</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Bell" title="Gertrude Bell">Gertrude Bell</a>: The Arabian Diaries, 1913–1914." by Bell Gertrude Lowthian, and O'Brien, Rosemary.</li> <li>"Historic Cities of the Islamic World". by Bosworth, Clifford Edmund.</li> <li>"Ottoman administration of Iraq, 1890–1908." by Cetinsaya, Gokhan.</li> <li>"Naked in Baghdad." by Garrels, Anne, and Lawrence, Vint.</li> <li>"A memoir of Major-General Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson." by Rawlinson, George.</li> <li>Stanek, Łukasz (2020). <i>Architecture in Global Socialism: Eastern Europe, West Africa, and the Middle East in the Cold War</i>. Princeton. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5980307"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-691-19455-4" title="Posebno:ViriKnjig/978-0-691-19455-4">978-0-691-19455-4</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zunanje_povezave">Zunanje povezave</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Uredi razdelek: Zunanje povezave" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagdad&action=edit&section=20" title="Urejanje izvorne kode razdelka: Zunanje povezave"><span>uredi kodo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5916282">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5911185">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedijina zbirka ponuja več predstavnostnega gradiva o temi: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bagdad" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Bagdad">Bagdad</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5916282"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5911185"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipotovanje" title="Wikipotovanje">Wikipotovanje</a> vsebuje popotniški vodnik, ki se nanaša na: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Posebno:Iskanje/Bagdad" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Posebno:Iskanje/Bagdad">Bagdad</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161011182836/http://www.amanatbaghdad.gov.iq/">Amanat/Mayoralty of Baghdad</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/iraq/baghdadmapb.jpg">Map of Baghdad</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090930101151/http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/iraq/baghdadmapb.jpg">Arhivirano</a> 30 September 2009 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070911122606/http://www.iraqimage.com/pages/browse/Baghdad.html">Iraq Image – Baghdad Satellite Observation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.investpromo.gov.iq/">National Commission for Investment in Iraq</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/map_item.pl?style=plnews&data=/gmtemp/news/ni000001.sid&title=Baghdad,+2003">Interactive map</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/iraq/42.htm">Iraq – Urban Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vb.bagdady.com/bagdady551878/">– Baghdad government websites</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141022190928/http://vb.bagdady.com/bagdady551878/">Arhivirano</a> 22 October 2014 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/money/world/2004-03-01-hisham_x.htm">Envisioning Reconstruction In Iraq</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060212064817/http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.tcl?site_id=7592">Description of the original layout of Baghdad</a></li> <li><a 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091219131236/http://www.iauiraq.org/">Iraq Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit</a> Reports, maps and assessments of Iraq from the UN Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/browse/relation/5638803">Bagdad</a> na <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/125482894">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/125482894">WorldCat (via VIAF)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Narodne knjižnice</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX457698">Španija</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11952706c">Francija</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11952706c">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1207444/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a href="/wiki/MBAREA_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBAREA (identifikator)">MusicBrainz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/d247b236-d8f1-42fe-bfd4-3c0cd916c32d">area</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044322">National Archives (ZDA)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifikator)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifikator)">SUDOC (Francija)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027501175">1</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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230.369 1 Predloga:Geobox_coor"," 11.90% 201.573 1 Predloga:CountryAbbr"," 10.94% 185.256 1 Predloga:In_lang"," 9.59% 162.438 1 Predloga:CountryAbbr2"," 8.40% 142.280 7 Predloga:Navedi_novice"," 7.48% 126.611 2 Predloga:Lang-ar"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.817","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":29335476,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF(AFP)_–_Jan_11,_20082008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAFP2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAl_Shakir2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBobrick2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBosworth2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBosworthDonzelHeinrichsPellat1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorzine2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdmund_A._GhareebBeth_Dougherty2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEverett-Heath2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilbert_BurnhamRiyadh_LaftaShannon_DoocyLes_Roberts2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHattsteinPeter_Delius2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHill1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_Block_FriedmanKristen_Mossler_Figg2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMakiyaAl-Khalilm\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeri2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichael_R.T._DumperBruce_E._Stanley2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOwles2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetersen2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPieri2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPormann2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSallaberger1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpencer2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrudy_RingRobert_M._SalkinK._A._BerneyPaul_E._Schellinger1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTsimhoni2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWall-Romana1990\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWiet1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFal-Aadhamy\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 3,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite CIA World Factbook\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 4,\n [\"Commons\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Drugipomeni\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 3,\n [\"Glavni\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"IRQ\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 3,\n [\"In lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Infopolje Mesto\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang-ar\"] = 2,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Navedi knjigo\"] = 18,\n [\"Navedi novice\"] = 7,\n [\"Navedi splet\"] = 17,\n [\"Normativna kontrola\"] = 1,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refn\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 3,\n [\"Sklici\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 12,\n [\"Wide image\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikivoyage\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-pgxbz","timestamp":"20241122161925","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Bagdad","url":"https:\/\/sl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bagdad","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1530","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1530","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Sodelavci projektov Wikimedie"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, 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