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Clayton" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Clayton" title="Eva Clayton – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Eva Clayton" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A4%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%85._%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="اڤا ام. كلايتون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اڤا ام. كلايتون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Clayton" title="Eva Clayton – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Eva Clayton" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Clayton" title="Eva Clayton – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eva Clayton" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_M._Clayton" title="Eva M. 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<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Remove_contentious_material_that_is_unsourced_or_poorly_sourced" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Contentious material</a> about living persons that is unsourced or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources#Questionable_and_self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">poorly sourced</a> <b>must be removed immediately</b> from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Libel" title="Wikipedia:Libel">libelous</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Eva+Clayton%22">"Eva Clayton"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Eva+Clayton%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Eva+Clayton%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Eva+Clayton%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Eva+Clayton%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Eva+Clayton%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Eva Clayton</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Clayton-nc1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Clayton-nc1.jpg/220px-Clayton-nc1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Clayton-nc1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="237" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>'s <span data-sort-value="North Carolina01 !"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="North Carolina's 1st congressional district">1st</a></span> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 3, 1992 – January 3, 2003</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Walter_B._Jones_Sr." title="Walter B. Jones Sr.">Walter Jones</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Ballance" title="Frank Ballance">Frank Ballance</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Eva McPherson</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1934-09-16</span>) </span>September 16, 1934<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 90)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/T._T._Clayton" title="T. T. Clayton">T. T. Clayton</a> (deceased 2019)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Johnson_C._Smith_University" title="Johnson C. Smith University">Johnson C. Smith University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Central_University" title="North Carolina Central University">North Carolina Central University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MS</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Eva Clayton</b> (née <b>McPherson</b>; born September 16, 1934) is an American politician from <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>. On taking her seat in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> following a special election in 1992, Clayton became the first African American to represent North Carolina in the House since <a href="/wiki/George_Henry_White" title="George Henry White">George Henry White</a> was elected to his second and last term in 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was re-elected and served for five terms. In 2003, Clayton was appointed Assistant Director-General of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> (FAO), based in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eva_Clayton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eva McPherson was born in <a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah, Georgia</a> to Thomas McPherson, an insurance agent, and Josephine Martin, a teacher.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clayton graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in biology from <a href="/wiki/Johnson_C._Smith_University" title="Johnson C. Smith University">Johnson C. Smith University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a> in 1955. In 1956, she married <a href="/wiki/T._T._Clayton" title="T. T. Clayton">Theaoseus Clayton</a>, also a graduate of Johnson C. Smith University.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eva and Theaoseus Clayton both pursued graduate degrees at <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Central_University" title="North Carolina Central University">North Carolina Central University</a> following their marriage. Eva graduated with a Master of Science degree from in <a href="/wiki/Durham,_North_Carolina" title="Durham, North Carolina">Durham, North Carolina</a> in 1962. </p><p>The Claytons moved to <a href="/wiki/Warrenton,_North_Carolina" title="Warrenton, North Carolina">Warrenton, North Carolina</a>, where Theaoseus established himself as a lawyer. Eva attended law school at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eva_Clayton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1968, civil rights activist <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Jordan" title="Vernon Jordan">Vernon Jordan</a>, as part of his efforts to increase black political engagement, met with Theaoseus Clayton to recruit a black candidate for public officer in eastern North Carolina. Eventually, the two decided that Eva was the best choice,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKinney2010186_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKinney2010186-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later that year she unsuccessfully challenged incumbent <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_H._Fountain" title="Lawrence H. Fountain">Lawrence H. Fountain</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="North Carolina's 2nd congressional district">North Carolina's 2nd congressional district</a> for his seat in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHealy202186_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHealy202186-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKinney2010186_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKinney2010186-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clayton worked on the <a href="/wiki/Soul_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Soul City">Soul City</a> community development project in <a href="/wiki/Warren_County,_North_Carolina" title="Warren County, North Carolina">Warren County, North Carolina</a>. In 1977, she was appointed Assistant Secretary for Community Development for the North Carolina State Department of Natural Resources and Community Development and served from 1977 to 1981. </p><p>From 1982 to 1992, Clayton served as an elected member and chair of the Warren County Board of Commissioners. In 1992, she was elected from the 1st congressional district in North Carolina to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> as a <a href="/wiki/U.S._Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Democratic Party">Democrat</a>; at the same time she won a special election to finish the remaining months in 1992 of the term of Congressman <a href="/wiki/Walter_B._Jones_Sr." title="Walter B. Jones Sr.">Walter B. Jones Sr.</a> </p><p>North Carolina had amended its constitution in 1899 to disfranchise Blacks, as did <a href="/wiki/Disfranchisement_after_Reconstruction_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Disfranchisement after Reconstruction era">most southern states from 1890 to 1908</a>, and no Black candidates were elected to Congress in the succeeding 92 years. When Representative Walter Jones Sr., announced his retirement in 1992, Clayton entered the Democratic primary to fill his seat.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recently reapportioned by the state legislature, the congressional district was one of two in North Carolina that had a black majority In 1992. Clayton and <a href="/wiki/Mel_Watt" title="Mel Watt">Mel Watt</a> became the first <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">African Americans</a> to win election to the House from North Carolina since 1898. (As Clayton won a special election, she took office before Watt). <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="North Carolina's 12th congressional district">Watt's 12th congressional district</a> was one of two minority majority districts developed in the 1990s, in order to give the substantial minority of African Americans in the state the ability to elect candidates of their choice, in compliance with the <a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clayton gained national attention as president of her Democratic freshman class in Congress. During her ten years of distinguished service as a United States Congresswoman, Clayton served on the House Agriculture Committee and as the ranking member of the United States Department of Agriculture's Operations Oversight, Nutrition, and Forestry Subcommittees. She also served on the House Budget and Small Business Committees. She was actively engaged in the legislative development of the Department of Agriculture's Operation policy. She was a conferee on the 2002 Farm Bill and is recognized by national organizations, including the <i>National Journal</i> publications, for providing essential leadership by garnering support for nutritional programs and the civil rights and support for African American farmers in the final version of the Farm Bill. She provided additional leadership by serving as the bipartisan co-chair of the Rural Caucus and as the chair of the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clayton and other members of the House of Representatives objected to counting the 25 electoral votes from <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> which <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> narrowly won after a contentious <a href="/wiki/2000_Florida_presidential_election_recount" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 Florida presidential election recount">recount</a>. Because no senator joined her objection, the objection was dismissed by Vice President <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a>, who was Bush's opponent in the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000 presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Without Florida's electoral votes, the election would have been decided by the U.S. House of Representatives, with each state having one vote in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a>. </p><p>In 2003, Clayton was appointed Assistant Director-General and Special Adviser to the Director-General on World Food Summit Follow-up with the Food Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> in Rome, Italy. She served in that capacity for three years, in which she was responsible for encouraging the establishment of global alliances and partnerships to fight hunger and poverty in twenty-four different countries around the world, including the United States, Brazil, Ghana, and Jordan. Clayton remains a strong advocate for the hungry and the poor and she continuously promotes sustainable agriculture and equality in this country and around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Clayton is currently a consultant and founder of <i>Eva Clayton Associates International</i> (ECAI), which describes itself as "a multidisciplined consulting firm actively engaged in several governmental practice areas".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She is the recipient of eight honorary doctorate degrees and an active member of <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Kappa_Alpha" title="Alpha Kappa Alpha">Alpha Kappa Alpha</a> sorority. Clayton is an Elder at Cotton Memorial Presbyterian Church in Henderson, North Carolina. She serves on several boards that address hunger, agriculture and state policy issues, including the <i>United States Alliance to End Hunger</i>, the <i>Global Food Banking Network</i>, and the <i>Center for Environmental Farming Systems</i>. </p><p>In November 2022, North Carolina Governor Roy Cooper awarded Clayton the 2022 North Carolina Award, the highest civilian honor given by the state.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her husband Theaoseus T. Clayton Sr., Esq., died in 2019 at age 88.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have four children and six grandchildren. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eva_Clayton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives" title="List of African-American United States representatives">List of African-American United States representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Women in the United States House of Representatives">Women in the United States House of Representatives</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eva_Clayton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/C/CLAYTON,-Eva-M--(C000494)/">"CLAYTON, Eva M. | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives"</a>. <i>history.house.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.house.gov&rft.atitle=CLAYTON%2C+Eva+M.+%7C+US+House+of+Representatives%3A+History%2C+Art+%26+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.house.gov%2FPeople%2FListing%2FC%2FCLAYTON%2C-Eva-M--%28C000494%29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEva+Clayton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.house.gov/People/Detail/11065">"CLAYTON, Eva M."</a> <i>History, Art, and Archives United States House of Representatives</i>. US House of Representatives<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History%2C+Art%2C+and+Archives+United+States+House+of+Representatives&rft.atitle=CLAYTON%2C+Eva+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.house.gov%2FPeople%2FDetail%2F11065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEva+Clayton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlston2013" class="citation cs2">Alston, Monika R. (2013-03-15), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oxfordaasc.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.001.0001/acref-9780195301731-e-36422">"Clayton, Eva McPherson"</a>, <i>African American Studies Center</i>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195301731.013.36422">10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.36422</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530173-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530173-1"><bdi>978-0-19-530173-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-16</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+American+Studies+Center&rft.atitle=Clayton%2C+Eva+McPherson&rft.date=2013-03-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195301731.013.36422&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530173-1&rft.aulast=Alston&rft.aufirst=Monika+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foxfordaasc.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780195301731.001.0001%2Facref-9780195301731-e-36422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEva+Clayton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKinney2010186-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKinney2010186_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKinney2010186_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcKinney2010">McKinney 2010</a>, p. 186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHealy202186-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHealy202186_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHealy2021">Healy 2021</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">History, Art and Archives, United States House of Representatives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.house.gov/People/Detail?id=11065">Clayton, Eva M.</a>, last accessed on 23 January 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senate.leg.state.mn.us/departments/scr/redist/redsum/NCSUM.HTM">senate.leg.state.mn.us "North Carolina Redistricting Cases: the 1990s"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080309154304/http://www.senate.leg.state.mn.us/departments/scr/redist/redsum/NCSUM.HTM">Archived</a> 2008-03-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, National Conference of State Legislatures</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_History_and_Preservation,_Office_of_the_Clerk,_U.S._House_of_Representatives2008" class="citation book cs1">Office of History and Preservation, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives (2008). <i>Black Americans in Congress, 1870-2007</i>. Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O. pp. 596–598. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780160801945" title="Special:BookSources/9780160801945"><bdi>9780160801945</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Americans+in+Congress%2C+1870-2007&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=596-598&rft.pub=U.S.+G.P.O&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780160801945&rft.au=Office+of+History+and+Preservation%2C+Office+of+the+Clerk%2C+U.S.+House+of+Representatives&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEva+Clayton" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?161423-1/electoral-college-ballot-count">"Electoral College Ballot Count | C-SPAN.org"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Electoral+College+Ballot+Count+%7C+C-SPAN.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-span.org%2Fvideo%2F%3F161423-1%2Felectoral-college-ballot-count&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEva+Clayton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United Nations, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/press/en/2003/db031803.doc.htm">Daily Press Briefing by the Office of the Spokesman for the Secretary-General</a> (Mar. 18, 2003), last accessed Feb. 18, 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.evaclayton.com/">http://www.evaclayton.com/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncdcr.gov/about/special-programs/north-carolina-awards">"North Carolina Awards | NC DNCR"</a>. <i>www.ncdcr.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ncdcr.gov&rft.atitle=North+Carolina+Awards+%7C+NC+DNCR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncdcr.gov%2Fabout%2Fspecial-programs%2Fnorth-carolina-awards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEva+Clayton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-obit-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-obit_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeldon2019" class="citation news cs1">Weldon, Luci (April 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warrenrecord.com/news/article_1a3891dc-5af4-11e9-8d36-afd0cabd2140.html">"Longtime attorney Clayton dies at 88"</a>. <i>The Warren Record</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Warren+Record&rft.atitle=Longtime+attorney+Clayton+dies+at+88&rft.date=2019-04-09&rft.aulast=Weldon&rft.aufirst=Luci&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.warrenrecord.com%2Fnews%2Farticle_1a3891dc-5af4-11e9-8d36-afd0cabd2140.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEva+Clayton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eva_Clayton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHealy2021" class="citation book cs1">Healy, Thomas (2021). <i>Soul City: Race, Equality, and the Lost Dream of an American Utopia</i>. New York City: Metropolitan Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781627798624" title="Special:BookSources/9781627798624"><bdi>9781627798624</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soul+City%3A+Race%2C+Equality%2C+and+the+Lost+Dream+of+an+American+Utopia&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Books&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781627798624&rft.aulast=Healy&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEva+Clayton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinney2010" class="citation book cs1">McKinney, Charles Wesley (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IDZzoqHjlk8C"><i>Greater Freedom: The Evolution of the Civil Rights Struggle in Wilson, North Carolina</i></a>. University Press of America. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761852308" title="Special:BookSources/9780761852308"><bdi>9780761852308</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greater+Freedom%3A+The+Evolution+of+the+Civil+Rights+Struggle+in+Wilson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780761852308&rft.aulast=McKinney&rft.aufirst=Charles+Wesley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIDZzoqHjlk8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEva+Clayton" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eva_Clayton&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000494">Congressional Biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/C-0084/">Oral History Interview with Eva Clayton</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/">Oral Histories of the American South</a>, University of North Carolina</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehistorymakers.com/biography/honorable-eva-m-clayton">The History Makers Biography</a>, including interview from Feb. 22, 2012</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?4366">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Walter_B._Jones_Sr." title="Walter B. Jones Sr.">Walter Jones</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Representatives_from_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Representatives from North Carolina">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="North Carolina's 1st congressional district">North Carolina's 1st congressional district</a> </b><br />1992–2003 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Ballance" title="Frank Ballance">Frank Ballance</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">U.S. order of precedence</a> (ceremonial) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alex_McMillan" title="Alex McMillan">Alex McMillan</a></div><i><b>as Former US Representative </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">Order of precedence of the United States</a><br /><i><span style="font-size:85%;">as Former US Representative</span></i> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Hayes" title="Robin Hayes">Robin Hayes</a></div><i><b>as Former US Representative </b></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461518#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/68548847">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/414595/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfMdCv7gKjH6FMR3pDpfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no98072267">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000494">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10576121">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6d825gd">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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