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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_nomination_and_congressional_confirmation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_nomination_and_congressional_confirmation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Royal nomination and congressional confirmation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Royal_nomination_and_congressional_confirmation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Royal nomination and congressional confirmation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Royal_nomination_and_congressional_confirmation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oath_of_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oath_of_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Oath of office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oath_of_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitutional_authority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_authority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Constitutional authority</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Office_of_the_Prime_Minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Office_of_the_Prime_Minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Office of the Prime Minister</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Office_of_the_Prime_Minister-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Office of the Prime Minister subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Office_of_the_Prime_Minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Security_and_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_and_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Security and transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security_and_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resignation_and_dissolution_of_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resignation_and_dissolution_of_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Resignation and dissolution of Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resignation_and_dissolution_of_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Precedence,_privileges_and_form_of_address" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Precedence,_privileges_and_form_of_address"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Precedence, privileges and form of address</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Precedence,_privileges_and_form_of_address-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deputy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deputy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Deputy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Deputy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Deputy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Deputy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Succession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Order_of_Charles_III" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Order_of_Charles_III"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Order of Charles III</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Order_of_Charles_III-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement_honours_and_privileges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement_honours_and_privileges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Retirement honours and privileges</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Retirement_honours_and_privileges-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Retirement honours and privileges subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Retirement_honours_and_privileges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Staff,_salary_and_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Staff,_salary_and_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Staff, salary and office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Staff,_salary_and_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_prime_ministers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_prime_ministers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Recent prime ministers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Recent_prime_ministers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Recent prime ministers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Recent_prime_ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Prime Minister of Spain</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="رئيس وزراء إسبانيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رئيس وزراء إسبانيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_d%27o_Gubierno_d%27Espanya" title="President d'o Gubierno d'Espanya – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="President d'o Gubierno d'Espanya" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_del_Gobiernu_d%27Espa%C3%B1a" title="Presidente del Gobiernu d'España – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Presidente del Gobiernu d'España" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96" title="Старшыня Урада Іспаніі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Старшыня Урада Іспаніі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Министър-председател на Испания – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Министър-председател на Испания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_del_Govern_d%27Espanya" title="President del Govern d'Espanya – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="President del Govern d'Espanya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99edseda_vl%C3%A1dy_%C5%A0pan%C4%9Blska" title="Předseda vlády Španělska – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Předseda vlády Španělska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaniens_regeringspr%C3%A6sidenter" title="Spaniens regeringspræsidenter – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Spaniens regeringspræsidenter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministerpr%C3%A4sident_von_Spanien" title="Ministerpräsident von Spanien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ministerpräsident von Spanien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CE%B8%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Πρωθυπουργός της Ισπανίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρωθυπουργός της Ισπανίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_del_Gobierno_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Presidente del Gobierno de España – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Presidente del Gobierno de España" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezidanto_de_la_Registaro_de_Hispanio" title="Prezidanto de la Registaro de Hispanio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Prezidanto de la Registaro de Hispanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espainiako_Gobernuko_presidente" title="Espainiako Gobernuko presidente – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espainiako Gobernuko presidente" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="نخست‌وزیر اسپانیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نخست‌وزیر اسپانیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident_du_gouvernement_d%27Espagne" title="Président du gouvernement d'Espagne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Président du gouvernement d'Espagne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_do_Goberno_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Presidente do Goberno de España – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Presidente do Goberno de España" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8%EC%9D%98_%EC%B4%9D%EB%A6%AC" title="스페인의 총리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스페인의 총리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Իսպանիայի վարչապետ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իսպանիայի վարչապետ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="स्पेन का प्रधान मन्त्री – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्पेन का प्रधान मन्त्री" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Spanyol" title="Perdana Menteri Spanyol – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perdana Menteri Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_del_Governo_di_Spagna" title="Presidente del Governo di Spagna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Presidente del Governo di Spagna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93" title="ראש ממשלת ספרד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ראש ממשלת ספרד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ესპანეთიშ პრემიერ-მინისტრი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ესპანეთიშ პრემიერ-მინისტრი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="رئيس وزرا اسبانيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رئيس وزرا اسبانيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Sepanyol" title="Perdana Menteri Sepanyol – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perdana Menteri Sepanyol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="スペインの首相 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スペインの首相" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanias_statsminister" title="Spanias statsminister – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spanias statsminister" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Head of government of Spain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Spain" title="List of prime ministers of Spain">List of prime ministers of Spain</a>. For the head of state during Second Spanish Republic, see <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_(Spain)" title="President of the Republic (Spain)">President of the Republic (Spain)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">Prime Minister of Spain</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: normal;">Presidente del Gobierno de España</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_(mazonado).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28mazonado%29.svg/100px-Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28mazonado%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28mazonado%29.svg/150px-Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28mazonado%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28mazonado%29.svg/200px-Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28mazonado%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="911" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Spain" title="Coat of arms of Spain">Coat of arms of Spain</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Foto_oficial_del_presidente_del_Gobierno_Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Foto_oficial_del_presidente_del_Gobierno_Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_2023.jpg/220px-Foto_oficial_del_presidente_del_Gobierno_Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Foto_oficial_del_presidente_del_Gobierno_Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_2023.jpg/330px-Foto_oficial_del_presidente_del_Gobierno_Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Foto_oficial_del_presidente_del_Gobierno_Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_2023.jpg/440px-Foto_oficial_del_presidente_del_Gobierno_Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1330" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br /><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a><br /></div>since 2 June 2018</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Government of Spain</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister's Office (Spain)">Office of the Prime Minister</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Excellent" title="The Most Excellent">The Most Excellent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Spain)" title="Council of Ministers (Spain)">Council of Ministers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Spain)" title="National Security Council (Spain)">National Security Council</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reports to</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Monarch</a><br /><span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes Generales</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Moncloa" title="Palace of Moncloa">Palace of Moncloa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Seat_(legal_entity)" title="Seat (legal entity)">Seat</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nominator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies" title="Congress of Deputies">The Congress of Deputies</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">The Monarch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data">No fixed term</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">Deputy Prime Minister</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salary</th><td class="infobox-data">€90,000 per annum<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lamoncloa.gob.es">lamoncloa<wbr />.gob<wbr />.es</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:21.0em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Spain" title="Politics of Spain">Politics of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_(variant).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28variant%29.svg/180px-Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28variant%29.svg/270px-Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28variant%29.svg/360px-Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="741" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1978" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Constitution of 1978">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Spain" title="Constitution of Spain">Constitution</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">Constitutional Court</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Constitutional_Court_(Spain)" title="President of the Constitutional Court (Spain)">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1ndido_Conde-Pumpido" title="Cándido Conde-Pumpido">Cándido Conde-Pumpido</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vice President <ul><li>Inmaculada Montalbán Huertas</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constitutions_of_Spain" title="List of constitutions of Spain">Constitutional history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Spain" title="Human rights in Spain">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Spain" title="Taxation in Spain">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Spain" title="Law of Spain">Law</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Spain" title="Abortion in Spain">Abortion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Spanish_nationality_law" title="Spanish nationality law">Nationality</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Spain" title="Capital punishment in Spain">Capital punishment</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment_in_Spain" title="Life imprisonment in Spain">Life imprisonment</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">The Crown</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Royal_Household_of_Spain" title="Royal Household of Spain">Royal Household</a></b></div> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">The Monarch</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_monarchs" title="List of Spanish monarchs">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a></dd></dl></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Spanish_throne" title="Succession to the Spanish throne">Heir presumptive</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_heirs_to_the_Spanish_throne" title="List of heirs to the Spanish throne">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Leonor,_Princess_of_Asturias" title="Leonor, Princess of Asturias">Leonor, Princess of Asturias</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_royal_family" title="Spanish royal family">Royal family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Spanish_throne" title="Succession to the Spanish throne">Succession to the Spanish throne</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Government of the Nation</a></b></div> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prime Minister</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Spain" title="List of prime ministers of Spain">list</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">Deputy Prime Minister</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Deputy_Prime_Ministers_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Deputy Prime Ministers of Spain">list</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Jes%C3%BAs_Montero" title="María Jesús Montero">María Jesús Montero</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">first</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolanda_D%C3%ADaz" title="Yolanda Díaz">Yolanda Díaz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Second_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Second Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">second</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_Ribera" title="Teresa Ribera">Teresa Ribera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Third_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Third Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">third</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Spain)" title="Council of Ministers (Spain)">Council of Ministers</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1nchez_III_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Sánchez III Government">Sánchez III Government</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_government_departments" title="Spanish government departments">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Delegation_(Spain)" title="Government Delegation (Spain)">Government Delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Delegated_Committees" title="Government Delegated Committees">Government Delegated Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interministerial_Committees" title="Interministerial Committees">Interministerial Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_prime-ministerial_transition" title="Spanish prime-ministerial transition">Spanish prime-ministerial transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agencies_in_Spain" title="List of agencies in Spain">List of agencies in Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Council_of_State" title="Spanish Council of State">Council of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Social_Council_(Spain)" title="Economic and Social Council (Spain)">Economic and Social Council</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes Generales</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/15th_Cortes_Generales" title="15th Cortes Generales">15th Cortes Generales</a>)</span></div> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Spain" title="Senate of Spain">Senate</a></b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/15th_Senate_of_Spain" title="15th Senate of Spain">15th Senate</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Spanish_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Spanish Senate">Speaker</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Senate_of_Spain" title="List of presidents of the Senate of Spain">list</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Roll%C3%A1n" title="Pedro Rollán">Pedro Rollán</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of Deputies (Spain)">Congress of Deputies</a></b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/15th_Congress_of_Deputies" title="15th Congress of Deputies">15th Congress</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Congress_of_Deputies" title="President of the Congress of Deputies">Speaker</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Congress_of_Deputies_of_Spain" title="List of presidents of the Congress of Deputies of Spain">list</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francina_Armengol" title="Francina Armengol">Francina Armengol</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_group_(Spain)" title="Parliamentary group (Spain)">Parliamentary groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Deputation" title="Permanent Deputation">Permanent Deputation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureaus_of_the_Cortes_Generales" title="Bureaus of the Cortes Generales">Bureaus of the Cortes Generales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Spokespersons" title="Board of Spokespersons">Board of Spokespersons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ombudsman_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ombudsman of Spain">People's Defender <span style="font-size:85%;">(ombudsman)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemn_Opening_of_the_Parliament_of_Spain" title="Solemn Opening of the Parliament of Spain">Solemn Opening of the Parliament of Spain</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Spain" title="Judiciary of Spain">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_the_Judiciary" title="General Council of the Judiciary">General Council of the Judiciary</a></b></div> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Spain" title="Supreme Court of Spain">Supreme Court</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Supreme Court of Spain">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Supreme Court of Spain">list</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Perell%C3%B3" title="Isabel Perelló">Isabel Perelló</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Supreme_Court_(Spain)" title="Vice President of the Supreme Court (Spain)">Vice President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Mar%C3%ADn_Cast%C3%A1n" title="Francisco Marín Castán">Francisco Marín Castán</a> (acting)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Audiencia_Nacional" title="Audiencia Nacional">Audiencia Nacional</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_justice_(Spain)" title="High courts of justice (Spain)">High courts of justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Auditors_(Spain)" title="Court of Auditors (Spain)">Court of Auditors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosecution_Ministry" title="Prosecution Ministry">Prosecution Ministry</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><a href="/wiki/European_Central_Bank" title="European Central Bank">European Central Bank</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Spain" title="Bank of Spain">Bank of Spain</a></b></div> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Bank_of_Spain" title="Governor of the Bank of Spain">Governor of the Bank of Spain</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Hern%C3%A1ndez_de_Cos" title="Pablo Hernández de Cos">Pablo Hernández de Cos</a></li></ul></li> <li>Deputy Governor of the Bank of Spain <ul><li>Margarita Delgado Tejero</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Mint_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Mint of Spain">Royal Mint of Spain</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Spain" title="Political divisions of Spain">Administrative subdivisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous communities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_regional_legislatures" title="List of Spanish regional legislatures">Legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_regional_governments" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Spanish regional governments">Governments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_presidents_of_the_autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="List of current presidents of the autonomous communities of Spain">Presidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain#Autonomous_cities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">Autonomous cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Spain" title="Provinces of Spain">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comarcas_of_Spain" title="Comarcas of Spain">Comarcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Spain" title="Municipalities of Spain">Municipalities</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Spain" title="Elections in Spain">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Spain" title="List of political parties in Spain">Political parties</a></li> <li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">General</a>: <a href="/wiki/April_2019_Spanish_general_election" title="April 2019 Spanish general election">2019 (Apr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Spanish_general_election" title="November 2019 Spanish general election">2019 (Nov)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Spanish_general_election" title="2023 Spanish general election"><i>2023</i></a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_regional_legislatures" title="List of Spanish regional legislatures">Regional</a>: <a href="/wiki/2015_Spanish_regional_elections" title="2015 Spanish regional elections">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Spanish_regional_elections" title="2019 Spanish regional elections">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Spanish_regional_elections" title="2023 Spanish regional elections">2023</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spain_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Spain (European Parliament constituency)">European</a>: <a href="/wiki/2014_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2014 European Parliament election in Spain">2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2019 European Parliament election in Spain">2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election_in_Spain" title="2024 European Parliament election in Spain"><i>2024</i></a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Referendums: <a href="/wiki/1978_Spanish_constitutional_referendum" title="1978 Spanish constitutional referendum">1978</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1986_Spanish_NATO_membership_referendum" title="1986 Spanish NATO membership referendum">1986</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Spanish_European_Constitution_referendum" title="2005 Spanish European Constitution referendum">2005</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Spain" title="Foreign relations of Spain">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Spain" title="Foreign relations of Spain">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_mission" title="Diplomatic mission">Diplomatic missions</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Spain" title="List of diplomatic missions of Spain">of Spain</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Spain" title="List of diplomatic missions in Spain">in Spain</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_European_Union" title="Politics of the European Union">Politics of the European Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:left; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0 0.25em 0.5em;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Spain" title="List of political parties in Spain">Political parties</a>: <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Spain)" title="People's Party (Spain)">PP</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">PSOE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Podemos_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Podemos (Spanish political party)">Podemos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_(Spanish_political_party)" title="Citizens (Spanish political party)">C's</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">Spanish transition to democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship_of_Francisco_Franco" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictatorship of Francisco Franco">Dictatorship of Francisco Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Anarchism in Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_radicalism_in_Spain" title="Liberalism and radicalism in Spain">Liberalism and radicalism in Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationalisms_and_regionalisms_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain">Nationalisms and regionalisms of Spain</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Basque_nationalism" title="Basque nationalism">Basque</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_nationalism" title="Catalan nationalism">Catalan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Galician_nationalism" title="Galician nationalism">Galician</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_independence_movement" title="Catalan independence movement">Catalan independence movement</a> (<a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Spanish_constitutional_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2017–18 Spanish constitutional crisis">Spanish constitutional crisis of 2017–18</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disputed_status_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Disputed status of Gibraltar">Disputed status of Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Spain" title="Republicanism in Spain">Republicanism in Spain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/16px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/24px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Spain" title="Template:Politics of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Politics of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>prime minister of Spain</b>, officially <b>president of the Government</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Spanish: <i lang="es">Presidente del Gobierno</i>), is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. The prime minister nominates the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_government_departments" title="Spanish government departments">ministers</a> and chairs the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Spain)" title="Council of Ministers (Spain)">Council of Ministers</a>. In this sense, the prime minister establishes the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Government</a> policies and coordinates the actions of the Cabinet members. As chief executive, the prime minister also advises the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">monarch</a> on the exercise of their <a href="/wiki/Royal_prerogative" title="Royal prerogative">royal prerogatives</a>. </p><p>Although it is not possible to determine when the position actually originated, the office of prime minister has evolved throughout history to what it is today. The role of prime minister (then called Secretary of State) as president of the Council of Ministers, first appears in a royal decree of 1824 by King <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_VII_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand VII of Spain">Ferdinand VII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current office was established during the <a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Juan_Carlos_I" title="Reign of Juan Carlos I">reign of Juan Carlos I</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Spain" title="Constitution of Spain">1978 Constitution</a>, which describes the prime minister's constitutional role and powers, how the prime minister accedes to, and is removed from office, and the relationship between the prime minister and Parliament. </p><p>Upon a vacancy, the monarch nominates a candidate for a vote of confidence by the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies" title="Congress of Deputies">Congress of Deputies</a>, the lower house of the <span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes Generales</a></span></span>. The process is a parliamentary <a href="/wiki/Investiture" title="Investiture">investiture</a> by which the head of government is elected by the Congress of Deputies. In practice, the prime minister is almost always the leader of the largest party in the Congress, although not necessarily. The prime minister's official residence and office is <a href="/wiki/Moncloa_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Moncloa Palace">Moncloa Palace</a> in Madrid.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</a> (PSOE), has been prime minister since 2 June 2018. He first came to power after a successful <a href="/wiki/2018_vote_of_no_confidence_in_the_government_of_Mariano_Rajoy" title="2018 vote of no confidence in the government of Mariano Rajoy">motion of no confidence</a> against former prime minister <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, Sánchez has led three governments, the most—along with <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Adolfo Suárez</a>—just behind fellow socialist <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a>, prime minister from 1982 to 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King <a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a> re-appointed Sánchez for the third time on 17 November 2023<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after he reached a <a href="/wiki/2023_Spanish_government_formation" title="2023 Spanish government formation">coalition agreement</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sumar_(electoral_platform)" title="Sumar (electoral platform)"><i>Sumar</i></a> and gathered the support of other minor parties.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His <a href="/wiki/Third_government_of_Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Third government of Pedro Sánchez">third government</a> took office on 21 November 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Official_title">Official title</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Spain&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Official title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Spanish head of government has been known, since 1939, as "President of the Government" (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Presidente del Gobierno</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not only is this term confusing for English speakers because Spain is not a republic, but because the parliamentary speakers are also referred to as presidents of their respective chambers. For example, both President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and his brother, Florida governor <a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a>, referred to <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">José María Aznar</a> as "president" on separate occasions,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> referred to <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a> both as "President" and "Mr. President" during Rajoy's 2017 White House visit.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While this term of address was not incorrect, it could be misleading to English speakers so <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prime_minister" class="extiw" title="wikt:prime minister">prime minister</a> is commonly used as a culturally equivalent term to ensure clarity. </p><p>Use of the term "president" dates back to 1834 and the regency of <a href="/wiki/Maria_Christina_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies">Maria Christina</a> when, styled after the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Council_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Council (France)">head of government</a> of the <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">French July Monarchy</a> (1830), the official title was the "President of the Council of Ministers" (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Presidente del Consejo de Ministros</i></span>). This remained until 1939, when the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a> ended. Before 1834 the figure was known as "<a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_(Ancient_Regime_in_Spain)" title="Secretary of State (Ancient Regime in Spain)">Secretary of State</a>" (<span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Secretario de Estado</i></span>), a denomination used today for <a href="/wiki/Junior_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior minister">junior ministers</a>. </p><p>Spain was not unique in this regard: it was one of several European parliamentary systems, including <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Council_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Council (France)">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Italy)" title="Council of Ministers (Italy)">Italy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Executive_Council_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a>, that styled the head of government as 'presidents' of the government rather than the Westminster term of 'prime minister' (see <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Council_of_Ministers" title="President of the Council of Ministers">President of the Council</a> for the full list of corresponding terms). However the term '<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/president" class="extiw" title="wikt:president">president</a>' is far older. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Spain&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_(Ancient_Regime_in_Spain)" title="Secretary of State (Ancient Regime in Spain)">Secretary of State (Ancient Regime in Spain)</a></div> <p>Since the 15th century, the Spanish monarchs has delegated its executive powers in relevant personalities. Two are the most important: the validos and the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_(Ancient_Regime_in_Spain)" title="Secretary of State (Ancient Regime in Spain)">secretaries of state</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Favourite" title="Favourite"><i>validos</i></a>, which existed since early 15th century to the late 17th century were people of the highest confidence of the monarchs and they exercised the Crown's power in the monarch's name.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 18th century, the <i>validos</i> disappeared and the secretaries of state were introduced. Both positions were <i>de facto</i> prime ministers (as demonstrated by the fact that since the tenure of the <a href="/wiki/Count-duke_of_Olivares" class="mw-redirect" title="Count-duke of Olivares">count-duke of Olivares</a>, <i>valido</i> of <a href="/wiki/Felipe_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Felipe IV">Felipe IV</a>, the <i>validos</i> were often called by courtiers and authors already in the 17th century as "principal minister or prime minister of Spain"<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) although they can not be completely compared. </p><p>On 19 November 1823, after a brief liberal democratic period called the <a href="/wiki/Trienio_Liberal" title="Trienio Liberal">Liberal Triennium</a> between 1820 and 1823, <a href="/wiki/King_Ferdinand_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Ferdinand VII">King Ferdinand VII</a> re-established the absolute monarchy and created the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Spain)" title="Council of Ministers (Spain)">Council of Ministers</a> that continues to exist today.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This council, when not chaired by the monarch, was chaired by the secretary of state for foreign affairs (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Secretario de Estado y del Despacho de Estado</i>), who acted as prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This role was ratified by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Royal_Statute_of_1834" title="Spanish Royal Statute of 1834">Royal Statute of 1834</a>, which constitutionalized for the first time the figure of the prime minister under the name of "President of the Council of Ministers", invested with executive powers. </p><p>During the 19th century, the position changed names frequently. After the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution_(Spain)" title="Glorious Revolution (Spain)">Glorious Revolution of 1868</a>, it was renamed <i>President of the Provisional Revolutionary Joint</i> and later <i>President of the Provisional Government</i>. In 1869, the office resumed the name of <i>President of the Council of Ministers</i>. Following the abdication of <a href="/wiki/Amadeo_I_of_Spain" title="Amadeo I of Spain">King Amadeus I</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/First_Spanish_Republic" title="First Spanish Republic">First Republic</a> (1873–1874) the office was known as the <i>President of the Executive Power</i> and was also <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>. In 1874, the office name reverted to <i>President of the Council of Ministers</i>. </p><p>Since its inception, the prime minister has been appointed and dismissed by the will of the monarch. Successive constitutions have confirmed this royal prerogative of the monarch in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1837" title="Spanish Constitution of 1837">Constitution of 1837</a> (article 47),<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> article 46 of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1845" title="Spanish Constitution of 1845">Constitution of 1845</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1869" title="Spanish Constitution of 1869">Constitution of 1869</a> (article 68),<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1876" title="Spanish Constitution of 1876">Constitution of 1876</a> (article 54).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> With the fall of the First Republic and the restoration of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Bourbon (Spain)">Bourbon dynasty</a> on King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XII" title="Alfonso XII">Alfonso XII</a>, the office maintained its original name until the <a href="/wiki/Dictatorship_of_Primo_de_Rivera" title="Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera">dictatorship of Primo de Rivera</a>, when it was renamed to <i>President of the Military Directory</i>. In 1925, the original name was restored again.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez,_durante_su_discurso_de_investidura_en_el_Congreso_de_los_Diputados.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez%2C_durante_su_discurso_de_investidura_en_el_Congreso_de_los_Diputados.jpg/220px-Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez%2C_durante_su_discurso_de_investidura_en_el_Congreso_de_los_Diputados.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez%2C_durante_su_discurso_de_investidura_en_el_Congreso_de_los_Diputados.jpg/330px-Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez%2C_durante_su_discurso_de_investidura_en_el_Congreso_de_los_Diputados.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez%2C_durante_su_discurso_de_investidura_en_el_Congreso_de_los_Diputados.jpg/440px-Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez%2C_durante_su_discurso_de_investidura_en_el_Congreso_de_los_Diputados.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Adolfo Suárez</a> delivers his inaugural address to the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies" title="Congress of Deputies">Congress of Deputies</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Palacio_de_las_Cortes,_Madrid" title="Palacio de las Cortes, Madrid">Palacio de las Cortes, Madrid</a> on March 30, 1979.</figcaption></figure><p>The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1931" title="Spanish Constitution of 1931">Republican Constitution of 1931</a> provided for the prime minister and the rest of the government to be appointed and dismissed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_(Spain)" title="President of the Republic (Spain)">President of the Republic</a> but they were responsible before the Parliament and the Parliament could vote to dismiss the prime minister or a minister even against the will of the president of the republic.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Civil War</a>, the head of government among the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_faction_(Spanish_Civil_War)" title="Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)">Nationalists</a> was called <i>Chief of the Government of the State</i> and since January 1938 the office acquired the current name, <i>President of the Government,</i> but between that date and 1973 the office was held by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> as dictator of Spain. </p><p>In 1973, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> separated the head of state from the head of government, and that division still exists today, with the prime minister democratically elected by the <a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Parliament</a> which is itself elected by universal suffrage, free and equal. <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Adolfo Suárez</a> was the first democratically elected prime minister of the post-Franco government. He was originally appointed by King <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I">Juan Carlos I</a> on 3 July 1976, and he was confirmed in the office by popular vote after the <a href="/wiki/1977_Spanish_general_election" title="1977 Spanish general election">1977 Spanish general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Royal_nomination_and_congressional_confirmation">Royal nomination and congressional confirmation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Spain&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Royal nomination and congressional confirmation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Once a <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Spain" title="Elections in Spain">general election</a> has been called by the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">monarch</a>, political parties designate their candidates to stand for prime minister—usually the party leader. A prime minister is dismissed from office the day after the election, but remains in office as a caretaker until his/her successor is sworn in. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Congreso_de_los_Diputados_de_la_XV_Legislatura_de_Espa%C3%B1a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Congreso_de_los_Diputados_de_la_XV_Legislatura_de_Espa%C3%B1a.svg/250px-Congreso_de_los_Diputados_de_la_XV_Legislatura_de_Espa%C3%B1a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Congreso_de_los_Diputados_de_la_XV_Legislatura_de_Espa%C3%B1a.svg/375px-Congreso_de_los_Diputados_de_la_XV_Legislatura_de_Espa%C3%B1a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Congreso_de_los_Diputados_de_la_XV_Legislatura_de_Espa%C3%B1a.svg/500px-Congreso_de_los_Diputados_de_la_XV_Legislatura_de_Espa%C3%B1a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1414" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies" title="Congress of Deputies">Congress of Deputies</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Spain" title="Elections in Spain">general election</a> in July 2023, conforming the <a href="/wiki/15th_Congress_of_Deputies" title="15th Congress of Deputies">15th Parliament</a> after the restoration of democracy in 1977.</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the general election and other circumstances provided for in the Constitution, the sovereign meets with the leaders of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Spain" title="List of political parties in Spain">parties</a> represented in the Congress of Deputies, and then consults with the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Congress_of_Deputies" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Congress of Deputies">Speaker of the Congress of Deputies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Presidente de Congreso de los Diputados</i>) as representative of the whole of parliament), before nominating a candidate for the prime ministership. This process is spelled out in Section 99 of the Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-Part_IV_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Part_IV-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palacio_de_la_Moncloa,_Madrid,_Espa%C3%B1a_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Palacio_de_la_Moncloa%2C_Madrid%2C_Espa%C3%B1a_edited.jpg/250px-Palacio_de_la_Moncloa%2C_Madrid%2C_Espa%C3%B1a_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Palacio_de_la_Moncloa%2C_Madrid%2C_Espa%C3%B1a_edited.jpg/375px-Palacio_de_la_Moncloa%2C_Madrid%2C_Espa%C3%B1a_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Palacio_de_la_Moncloa%2C_Madrid%2C_Espa%C3%B1a_edited.jpg/500px-Palacio_de_la_Moncloa%2C_Madrid%2C_Espa%C3%B1a_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Moncloa" title="Palace of Moncloa">Palace of Moncloa</a> is the official residence and workplace of the prime minister.</figcaption></figure> <p>By <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_custom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political custom)">political custom</a> established by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Carlos I of Spain">Juan Carlos I</a> since the ratification of the 1978 Constitution, the sovereign's nominees have usually been from parties who have a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">plurality</a> of seats in the Congress (i.e. the largest party). Although there is no legal requirement for this, it is seen as a royal endorsement of the democratic process—a fundamental concept enshrined in the 1978 Constitution. The largest party can end up not ruling if rival parties form a <a href="/wiki/Coalition" title="Coalition">coalition</a>—as happened in 2018 with the election of PSOE leader <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a>. More commonly, if neither of the two major parties (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="Spanish Socialist Workers' Party">Spanish Socialist Workers' Party</a> is able to command an absolute majority of the Congress by themselves, one will rule as a minority by adopting some aspects of the minor party platforms in an effort to attract them into parliamentary agreements to vote in the major party's favour, or at least abstain. </p><p>The monarch's order nominating a prime ministerial candidate is countersigned by the Speaker of the Congress, who then presents the nominee before the Congress of Deputies in a process known as a <i><a href="/wiki/Investiture" title="Investiture">parliamentary investiture</a></i> (<i>Investidura parlamentaria</i>). During the investiture proceedings, the candidate describes their <a href="/wiki/Manifesto" title="Manifesto">political agenda</a> in an <i>Investiture Speech</i> to be debated and submitted for a <a href="/wiki/Vote_of_confidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote of confidence">vote of confidence</a> (<i>Cuestión de confianza</i>) by the Congress, effecting an <a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">indirect election</a> of the head of government.<sup id="cite_ref-Part_IV_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Part_IV-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-08_April_2008_Investiture_Speech_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-08_April_2008_Investiture_Speech-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Confidence is awarded if the candidate receives a majority of votes in the first poll (currently 176 out of 350 MPs), but if the confidence is not granted, a second vote is scheduled forty-eight hours later in which a simple majority of votes cast (i.e., more "yes" than "no" votes) is required.<sup id="cite_ref-Part_IV_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Part_IV-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the second vote, if confidence by the Congress is still not reached, then the monarch again meets with political leaders and the Speaker, and submits a new nominee for a vote of confidence (exceptionally, in 2016 King <a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a> opted for not nominating more candidates and call for new elections<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-Part_IV_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Part_IV-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If, within two months, no candidate has won the confidence of the Congress then the monarch dissolves the Cortes and calls for a new general election.<sup id="cite_ref-Part_IV_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Part_IV-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monarch's royal decree is countersigned by the Speaker of the Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-Part_IV_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Part_IV-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oath_of_office">Oath of office</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Spain&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Oath of office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zapatero_prometiendo_su_cargo_ante_Juan_Carlos_I_(2008).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Zapatero_prometiendo_su_cargo_ante_Juan_Carlos_I_%282008%29.jpg/250px-Zapatero_prometiendo_su_cargo_ante_Juan_Carlos_I_%282008%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Zapatero_prometiendo_su_cargo_ante_Juan_Carlos_I_%282008%29.jpg/375px-Zapatero_prometiendo_su_cargo_ante_Juan_Carlos_I_%282008%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Zapatero_prometiendo_su_cargo_ante_Juan_Carlos_I_%282008%29.jpg/500px-Zapatero_prometiendo_su_cargo_ante_Juan_Carlos_I_%282008%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero">José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</a> taking the <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_office" title="Oath of office">affirmation of office</a> for his <a href="/wiki/2008_Spanish_general_election" title="2008 Spanish general election">second term</a> in 2008 while placing his right hand on the Constitution instead of the Bible and Crucifix (being <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">non-religious</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-zapatero_sworn_in_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zapatero_sworn_in-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>After the nominee is confirmed, the Speaker of the Congress formally reports the fact to the sovereign. The monarch then appoints the candidate as the new prime minister and this too is countersigned by the Speaker.<sup id="cite_ref-Part_IV_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Part_IV-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the swearing-in ceremony presided over by the monarch, customarily at the Audience Hall of the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Zarzuela" title="Palace of Zarzuela">Royal Palace of Zarzuela</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister%E2%80%93designate" title="Prime minister–designate">prime minister–designate</a> takes an <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_office" title="Oath of office">oath of office</a> over an open Constitution and—at choice since 2014<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—next to a <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Crucifix" title="Crucifix">crucifix</a>. The prime minister must take the oath or affirmation placing the right hand on the Constitution. Currently, only one prime minister has refused to take the oath of office next to religious symbols: <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a>, along with most of his Cabinet members.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a>, a Catholic, put his right hand on the Constitution and, at the same time, his left hand on the Bible.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As per tradition, if the members of the government choose not to take the oath along with any religious symbols, they use the word "prometo" ("I promise"), whereas if the take the oath with the Bible, they use the word "juro" ("I swear"). The oath as taken by Prime Minister Zapatero on his first term in office on 17 April 2004 was:<sup id="cite_ref-zapatero_sworn_in_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zapatero_sworn_in-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1088965794">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .columns-start .column{float:left;min-width:20em}.mw-parser-output .columns-2 .column{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .columns-3 .column{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .columns-4 .column{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .columns-5 .column{width:20%}}</style><div class="columns-start columns-2"><div class="column"> <div class="poem"> <p><i>Juro/Prometo, por mi conciencia y honor, cumplir fielmente las obligaciones del cargo de Presidente del Gobierno con lealtad al Rey, guardar y hacer guardar la Constitución como norma fundamental del Estado, así como mantener el secreto de las deliberaciones del Consejo de Ministros.</i> </p> </div> </div><div class="column"> <div class="poem"> <p>I swear/promise, under my conscience and honor, to faithfully execute the duties of the office of Prime Minister with loyalty to the King, obey and enforce the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Spain" title="Constitution of Spain">Constitution</a> as the main law of the State, and preserve in secret the deliberations of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Spain)" title="Council of Ministers (Spain)">Council of Ministers</a>. </p> </div></div><div style="clear: both"></div></div> <p>Once appointed, the prime minister forms his government whose ministers are appointed and removed by the monarch on the prime minister's advice. In the political life of Spain, the monarch would already be familiar with the various political leaders in a professional capacity, and perhaps less formally in a more social capacity, facilitating their meeting following a general election. Conversely, nominating the party leader whose party maintains a plurality and who are already familiar with their party <a href="/wiki/Manifesto" title="Manifesto">manifesto</a> facilitates a smoother nomination process. In the event of <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalitions</a>, the political leaders would customarily have met beforehand to hammer out a coalition agreement before their meeting with the Sovereign. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitutional_authority">Constitutional authority</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Spain&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Constitutional authority"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Title IV of the Constitution defines the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Government</a> and its responsibilities.<sup id="cite_ref-Part_IV_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Part_IV-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Government consists of the prime minister and the ministers. The government conducts domestic and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Spain" title="Foreign relations of Spain">foreign policy</a>, civil and military administration, and the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">defense of the nation</a> all in the name of the monarch on behalf of the people. Additionally, the government exercises executive authority and statutory regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-Part_IV_22-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Part_IV-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main collective decision-making body of the Government is the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Spain)" title="Council of Ministers (Spain)">Council of Ministers</a>, chaired by the prime minister and, after a formal request by the Prime Minister, by the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">monarch</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zapatero_Reforma_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Zapatero_Reforma_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_2011.jpg/220px-Zapatero_Reforma_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Zapatero_Reforma_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_2011.jpg/330px-Zapatero_Reforma_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Zapatero_Reforma_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_2011.jpg/440px-Zapatero_Reforma_de_la_Constituci%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1330" /></a><figcaption>Prime Minister Rodríguez Zapatero, countersigning the 2011 constitutional reform.</figcaption></figure> <p>There is no provision in the Spanish Constitution for explicitly granting any <a href="/wiki/Emergency_powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency powers">emergency powers</a> to the government. However, Section 56 of the Constitution vests the monarch as the "arbitrator and moderator of the institutions" of government, <i>[The King] arbitrates and moderates the regular functioning of the institutions</i> (<i>arbitra y modera el funcionamiento regular de las instituciones</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Official_website_of_the_Royal_Household_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_website_of_the_Royal_Household-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This provision could be understood as allowing the monarch or his government ministers to exercise emergency authority in times of national crisis, such as when the monarch used his authority to back the government of the day and call for the military to abandon the <a href="/wiki/23-F" class="mw-redirect" title="23-F">23-F</a> coup attempt in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prime minister also assumes political responsibility for most acts of the sovereign. While the monarch is vested with executive power, his acts are not valid unless countersigned by a minister. Under Article 64 of the Constitution, that minister—usually the prime minister—assumes political responsibility for the act in question. In these sense, the Constitution grants the prime minister the initiative to request the monarch for calling a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a>, for calling for new elections or for dissolving any of the legislative chambers. In Spain, the government ministers cannot force the prime minister resignation and this idea is reinforced when the Constitution grants the prime minister the sole initiative to request the Congress for a <a href="/wiki/Vote_of_confidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote of confidence">vote of confidence</a>. In constitutional matters, the primacy of the prime minister over the ministers is also evident, since the prime ministers alone is responsible for the government initiative to <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Spain" title="Constitutional Court of Spain">challenge the constitutionality of a law</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Office_of_the_Prime_Minister">Office of the Prime Minister</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Spain&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Office of the Prime Minister"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_(Spain)" title="Office of the Prime Minister (Spain)">Office of the Prime Minister (Spain)</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_(Ancient_Regime_in_Spain)" title="Secretary of State (Ancient Regime in Spain)">Secretary of State (Ancient Regime in Spain)</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:E.T.S.I._Caminos,_Canales_y_Puertos,_2016_(04),_palacio_Moncloa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/E.T.S.I._Caminos%2C_Canales_y_Puertos%2C_2016_%2804%29%2C_palacio_Moncloa.jpg/250px-E.T.S.I._Caminos%2C_Canales_y_Puertos%2C_2016_%2804%29%2C_palacio_Moncloa.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/E.T.S.I._Caminos%2C_Canales_y_Puertos%2C_2016_%2804%29%2C_palacio_Moncloa.jpg/375px-E.T.S.I._Caminos%2C_Canales_y_Puertos%2C_2016_%2804%29%2C_palacio_Moncloa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/E.T.S.I._Caminos%2C_Canales_y_Puertos%2C_2016_%2804%29%2C_palacio_Moncloa.jpg/500px-E.T.S.I._Caminos%2C_Canales_y_Puertos%2C_2016_%2804%29%2C_palacio_Moncloa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Moncloa" title="Palace of Moncloa">Moncloa Government Complex</a> seen from the <a href="/wiki/Technical_University_of_Madrid" title="Technical University of Madrid">Polytechnic University of Madrid</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_(Spain)" title="Office of the Prime Minister (Spain)">Office of the Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Presidencia del Gobierno</i>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Presidency of the Government</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is the combination of government departments and services that are at the service of the Prime Minister to fulfill its constitutional duties.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was established around 1834 when officials and budget began to be assigned to the personal Secretariat of the Prime Minister. Today, it acts as a <a href="/wiki/Spanish_government_departments" title="Spanish government departments">ministerial department</a>, although it is not formally one of them, and approximately 2,000 people work there.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Prime Minister's Office principal departments are:<sup id="cite_ref-:5_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Presidency" title="Ministry of the Presidency">Ministry of the Presidency</a>. <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Relations_with_the_Cortes" title="Secretary of State for Relations with the Cortes">Secretariat of State for Relations with the Cortes and Constitutional Affairs</a>.</li> <li>The Secretariat of State for Democratic Memory.</li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Office_(Spain)" title="Cabinet Office (Spain)">Cabinet Office</a>, headed by the <a href="/wiki/Moncloa_Chief_of_Staff" title="Moncloa Chief of Staff">Moncloa Chief of Staff</a>. <ul><li>The General Secretariat of the Presidency of the Government.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Security_(Spain)" title="Department of National Security (Spain)">Department of National Security</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>The Office for Economic Affairs and G20, with the rank of secretariat of state.</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Press" title="Secretary of State for Press">Secretariat of State for Press</a>.</li></ul> <p>The autonomous agency <a href="/wiki/Patrimonio_Nacional" title="Patrimonio Nacional">Patrimonio Nacional</a>, which manages Crown properties, depends on this Office through the Ministry of the Presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security_and_transport">Security and transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Spain&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Security and transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Spanish_Head_of_Government_Office_Security_Department.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Spanish_Head_of_Government_Office_Security_Department.svg/130px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Spanish_Head_of_Government_Office_Security_Department.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Spanish_Head_of_Government_Office_Security_Department.svg/195px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Spanish_Head_of_Government_Office_Security_Department.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Spanish_Head_of_Government_Office_Security_Department.svg/261px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Spanish_Head_of_Government_Office_Security_Department.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="942" /></a><figcaption>DSPG emblem.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Cabinet Office, through the General Secretariat of the Presidency of the Government, is responsible for the protocol and security affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the General Secretariat, there is a Department of Security of the Presidency of the Government (DSPG) that coordinates the efforts of the <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Corps_(Spain)" title="National Police Corps (Spain)">National Police Corps</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Guard_(Spain)" title="Civil Guard (Spain)">Civil Guard</a> in the protection of the Prime Minister and his family, as well as the infraestructure and personnel of the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Moncloa" title="Palace of Moncloa">Moncloa Government Complex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The vehicles used by the Prime Minister are provided by the <a href="/wiki/State_Vehicle_Fleet" title="State Vehicle Fleet">State Vehicle Fleet</a> (PME), an <a href="/wiki/List_of_agencies_in_Spain" title="List of agencies in Spain">autonomous agency</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Finance (Spain)">Ministry of Finance</a> that provides the government with all type of vehicles and well-trained drivers. The air transportation of the Prime Minister and other government officials is mainly provided by the <a href="/wiki/45_Grupo_de_Fuerzas_A%C3%A9reas" title="45 Grupo de Fuerzas Aéreas">45th Air Force Group</a> (planes) and the 402nd Air Force Squadron (helicopters). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resignation_and_dissolution_of_Parliament">Resignation and dissolution of Parliament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Spain&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Resignation and dissolution of Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Parliament, and thus, the Government, sit for a term no longer than four years. Before that date, the prime minister may offer his resignation to the sovereign. If the Prime Minister does so while advising the monarch to dissolve parliament, the sovereign will call for a <a href="/wiki/Snap_election" title="Snap election">snap election</a>, but no sooner than a year after the prior general election.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mariano_Rajoy_felicita_al_nuevo_presidente_del_Gobierno_Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_(2018-06-01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Mariano_Rajoy_felicita_al_nuevo_presidente_del_Gobierno_Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_%282018-06-01%29.jpg/250px-Mariano_Rajoy_felicita_al_nuevo_presidente_del_Gobierno_Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_%282018-06-01%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Mariano_Rajoy_felicita_al_nuevo_presidente_del_Gobierno_Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_%282018-06-01%29.jpg/375px-Mariano_Rajoy_felicita_al_nuevo_presidente_del_Gobierno_Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_%282018-06-01%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Mariano_Rajoy_felicita_al_nuevo_presidente_del_Gobierno_Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_%282018-06-01%29.jpg/500px-Mariano_Rajoy_felicita_al_nuevo_presidente_del_Gobierno_Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez_%282018-06-01%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Ousted prime minister <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Mariano Rajoy</a> greeting prime minister–designated <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a> after his successful <a href="/wiki/2018_vote_of_no_confidence_in_the_government_of_Mariano_Rajoy" title="2018 vote of no confidence in the government of Mariano Rajoy">vote of no confidence</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>If a prime minister resigns without advising the monarch to call for new elections, dies or becomes incapacitated while in office, then the government as a whole resigns and the process of royal nomination and appointment takes place. The <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">deputy prime minister</a>, or in the absence of such office, the first minister by precedence, would then take over the day-to-day operations in the meantime as acting-prime minister, even while the deputy prime minister themselves may be nominated by the monarch and stand for a vote of confidence. Also, if at the conclusion of the four years, the prime minister has not asked for its dissolution, according to Title II Section 56, the monarch must dissolve the Parliament and call for a new general election.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the prime minister's position is strengthened by constitutional limits on the Congress' right to withdraw confidence from the government, the Cortes Generales has two ways of forcing the prime minister's resignation: passing a <a href="/wiki/Motions_of_no_confidence_in_Spain" title="Motions of no confidence in Spain">motion of no confidence</a> or rejecting a motion of confidence. In the first case, and following the German model, a prime minister can only be removed by a <a href="/wiki/Constructive_vote_of_no_confidence" title="Constructive vote of no confidence">constructive vote of no confidence</a>. While the Congress can censure the government at any time, the censure motion must also include the name of a prospective replacement for the incumbent prime minister. If the censure motion is successful, the replacement candidate is automatically deemed to have the confidence of the Congress, and the monarch is required to appoint them as the new prime minister. As of 2023, only <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a> managed to remove a sitting prime minister with a <a href="/wiki/2018_vote_of_no_confidence_in_the_government_of_Mariano_Rajoy" title="2018 vote of no confidence in the government of Mariano Rajoy">vote of no confidence in 2018</a>, making him prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the second case, the prime minister, after deliberation by the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Spain)" title="Council of Ministers (Spain)">Council of Ministers</a>, can propose a vote of confidence regarding the government's policies in Congress. If Congress does not give the prime minister its confidence, the prime minister must resign. As of 2023, only prime minister <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Adolfo Suárez</a> in 1980 and <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a> in 1990 proposed a vote of confidence, both successfully.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Precedence,_privileges_and_form_of_address"><span id="Precedence.2C_privileges_and_form_of_address"></span>Precedence, privileges and form of address</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Spain&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Precedence, privileges and form of address"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inauguraci%C3%B3n_Tribunal_Constitucional_1980_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Inauguraci%C3%B3n_Tribunal_Constitucional_1980_%281%29.jpg/220px-Inauguraci%C3%B3n_Tribunal_Constitucional_1980_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Inauguraci%C3%B3n_Tribunal_Constitucional_1980_%281%29.jpg/330px-Inauguraci%C3%B3n_Tribunal_Constitucional_1980_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Inauguraci%C3%B3n_Tribunal_Constitucional_1980_%281%29.jpg/440px-Inauguraci%C3%B3n_Tribunal_Constitucional_1980_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="943" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Adolfo Suárez</a> (left), next to King <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I">Juan Carlos I</a> as the second authority of the country in 1980.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Prime Minister is the second authority of the Kingdom of Spain, outranking all other State authorities except members of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_royal_family" title="Spanish royal family">royal family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, the Prime Minister received a salary of €90,010<sup id="cite_ref-:3_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and additional €13,422 as member of parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With this salary, the prime minister is not the highest paid official of Spain, being surpassed by other State authorities such as the royal family<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the <a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">King</a>, €269,296; the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Letizia_of_Spain" title="Queen Letizia of Spain">Queen</a>, €148,105; and the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Sof%C3%ADa_of_Spain" title="Queen Sofía of Spain">Queen Mother</a>, €121,186), the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Congress_of_Deputies" title="President of the Congress of Deputies">president of the Congress of Deputies</a> (€230,931),<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Constitutional_Court_(Spain)" title="President of the Constitutional Court (Spain)">president of the Constitutional Court</a> (€167,169),<sup id="cite_ref-:3_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Supreme_Court_(Spain)" title="President of the Supreme Court (Spain)">president of the Supreme Court</a> (€151,186)<sup id="cite_ref-:3_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the president of the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Auditors_(Spain)" title="Court of Auditors (Spain)">Court of Auditors</a> (€130,772),<sup id="cite_ref-:3_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among others. </p><p>The prime minister is constitutionally protected against ordinary prosecution. Although the Prime Minister does not have <a href="/wiki/Legal_immunity" title="Legal immunity">legal immunity</a> like the monarch, the prime minister, as well as the members of the Royal Family, the Government, the Congress of Deputies and the Senate, can only be criminally responsible before the Criminal Chamber of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Spain" title="Supreme Court of Spain">Supreme Court</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1978-31229">Spanish Constitution, Part IV § 102</a>). </p><p>Although it is not formally regulated, Spanish custom establishes that the prime minister receives the treatment of <a href="/wiki/The_Most_Excellent" title="The Most Excellent">The Most Excellent</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Excelentísimo Señor, f. Excelentísima Señora</i>). This treatment has been customary for the government ministers since, at least, the 18th century, and in the case of the prime minister, this treatment is reinforced as member of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Charles_III" title="Order of Charles III">Order of Charles III</a>, whose article 13 states that "the Knights and the Dames of the Collar, as well as the Knights and Dames Grand Cross, will receive the treatment of Most Excellent Lord and Most Excellent Lady".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deputy">Deputy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Spain&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Deputy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">Deputy Prime Minister of Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_deputy_prime_ministers_of_Spain" title="List of deputy prime ministers of Spain">List of deputy prime ministers of Spain</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Second_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Second Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">Second Deputy Prime Minister of Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Third Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">Third Deputy Prime Minister of Spain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Fourth Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">Fourth Deputy Prime Minister of Spain</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joaqu%C3%ADn_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Ferrer_y_Cafranga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Ferrer_y_Cafranga.jpg/220px-Joaqu%C3%ADn_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Ferrer_y_Cafranga.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Ferrer_y_Cafranga.jpg/330px-Joaqu%C3%ADn_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Ferrer_y_Cafranga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Ferrer_y_Cafranga.jpg/440px-Joaqu%C3%ADn_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Ferrer_y_Cafranga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2010" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Mar%C3%ADa_Ferrer_y_Cafranga" title="Joaquín María Ferrer y Cafranga">Joaquín María Ferrer y Cafranga</a> was the first person to hold the office of deputy prime minister from October 1840 to May 1841.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Spanish Constitution foresee the office of <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">deputy prime minister</a> and also the possibility of having more than one deputy prime minister. Although the position of deputy prime minister has existed intermittently since 1840, the Constitution endorses what was established in the <a href="/wiki/Organic_Law_of_the_State" title="Organic Law of the State">Organic Act of the State</a> of 1967,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which provided for the first time the possibility of appointing more than one deputy and, in 1974, this provision became effective when Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Arias_Navarro" title="Carlos Arias Navarro">Carlos Arias Navarro</a> appointed three deputies (<a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Garc%C3%ADa_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="José García Hernández">José García Hernández</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Barrera_de_Irimo" title="Antonio Barrera de Irimo">Antonio Barrera de Irimo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Licinio_de_la_Fuente" title="Licinio de la Fuente">Licinio de la Fuente</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, three more prime ministers (<a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Adolfo Suárez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero">José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Pedro Sánchez</a>) have had more than one deputy.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Second_government_of_Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Second government of Pedro Sánchez">second government of Pedro Sánchez</a> holds the record for most deputies, appointing four.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This large number of deputy prime ministerships was interpreted as a maneuver to reduce the political weight of his second deputy prime minister and leader of the minority party in the coalition, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Iglesias_Turri%C3%B3n" title="Pablo Iglesias Turrión">Pablo Iglesias Turrión</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Succession">Succession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Spain&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to article 101 of the Spanish Constitution, the prime minister and its government only ceases in the cases of resignation, a failed motion of confidence, a motion of no confidence against the prime minister or the death of the prime minister. In the first three options, there is no succession, because the prime minister remains as caretaker prime minister until a new prime minister is elected by the Congress of Deputies. </p><p>If the Prime Minister dies, the 1997 Government Act provides that the Prime Minister be succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">Deputy Prime Minister</a> and, if there is more than one, by the Deputy Prime Ministers, depending on their order. If there is no deputy prime minister, the Government Act establishes that the prime minister will be replaced by the ministers, according to the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_order_of_precedence" title="Spanish order of precedence">order of precedence</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_government_departments" title="Spanish government departments">Departments</a>. This means that the first in the line of succession after the deputy prime ministers would be the <a href="/wiki/List_of_foreign_ministers_of_Spain" title="List of foreign ministers of Spain">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Justice (Spain)">Minister of Justice</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_of_defence_(Spain)" title="List of ministers of defence (Spain)">Minister of Defense</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_of_economy_and_the_treasury_of_Spain" title="List of ministers of economy and the treasury of Spain">Minister of Finance</a>. These four ministers are the first and great offices created in 1714 by <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">King Philip V</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Order_of_Charles_III">Order of Charles III</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Spain&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Order of Charles III"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Charles_III" title="Order of Charles III">Order of Charles III</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Juan_Bravo_Murillo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Juan_Bravo_Murillo.jpg/220px-Juan_Bravo_Murillo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Juan_Bravo_Murillo.jpg/330px-Juan_Bravo_Murillo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Juan_Bravo_Murillo.jpg/440px-Juan_Bravo_Murillo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2120" data-file-height="2953" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bravo_Murillo" title="Juan Bravo Murillo">Juan Bravo Murillo</a>, prime minister from 1851 to 1852, with the sash and grand cross of the Order of Charles III (1877, by <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Garc%C3%ADa_Hispaleto" title="Manuel García Hispaleto">Manuel García Hispaleto</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>The Order of Charles III, officially the Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Charles III, was established in 1771 by King <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a> and is today the country's highest civil honor. The current regulation of the order, established in October 2002, states that the prime minister is the Grand Chancellor of the Order (second to the Grand Master, the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Monarch</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon taking office, the new prime minister shall be invested with the degree of Knight or Dame Grand Cross of the Order and with this rank he will act as Grand Chancellor of the same.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is responsibility of the Grand Chancellor to submit to the approval of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Spain)" title="Council of Ministers (Spain)">Council of Ministers</a> Royal Decrees granting the degrees of Collar and Grand Cross, and all titles of the different degrees of the Royal Order must bear his signature and the monarch's.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last people to join the order were King <a href="/wiki/Willem-Alexander_of_the_Netherlands" title="Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands">Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands</a> and his consort, <a href="/wiki/Queen_M%C3%A1xima_of_the_Netherlands" title="Queen Máxima of the Netherlands">Queen Maxima</a>, who were awarded the collar and grand cross of the order, respectively, in March 2024 on the occasion of the State visit of the Spanish monarchs to the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retirement_honours_and_privileges">Retirement honours and privileges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Spain&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Retirement honours and privileges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon retirement, it is customary for the monarch to grant a prime minister some honour or dignity. The honour bestowed is commonly the Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Isabella_the_Catholic" title="Order of Isabella the Catholic">Order of Isabella the Catholic</a>, the second highest civil honor, while the ministers receive the Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III (the highest civil distinction).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is because the prime minister is, since he is appointed as such by the sovereign, a Knight or Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III, for which he is awarded the next highest distinction. </p><p>In addition to these honors, the monarch might offer the former prime minister a <a href="/wiki/Spanish_nobility" title="Spanish nobility">peerage</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> being the highest marks of distinction that he may bestow in his capacity as the <i><a href="/wiki/Fount_of_honour" title="Fount of honour">fons honorum</a></i> in Spain. Conventionally, the <i>Title of Concession</i> creating the dignity must be countersigned by a government minister. When a title is created for a former prime minister, the succeeding prime minister customarily countersigns the royal decree. </p><p>Although prior to the <a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Alfonso_XIII" title="Reign of Alfonso XIII">reign of Alfonso XIII</a> many noble titles were granted —or the rank of those who already possessed it one was raised— to prime ministers and ministers (such as the Dukedom of Prim —granted to the daughter of late prime minister <a href="/wiki/Juan_Prim" title="Juan Prim">Juan Prim</a>— or the Dukedom of Castillejos —awarded to the other son of the aforementioned prime minister—), it was not until this historical period when it became customary, since King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_XIII" title="Alfonso XIII">Alfonso XIII</a> granted a total of sixteen of these dignities to former prime ministers or their relatives during his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of these, four were dukedoms (granted to relatives of assassinated prime ministers), three were marquessates and two counties, as well as seven <a href="/wiki/Grandee" title="Grandee">grandships</a> were granted.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, the monarch also rewarded with numerous <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Order of the Golden Fleece">golden fleeces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I">Juan Carlos I</a> wanted to restore this tradition and, therefore, as a reward for their service, the last noble titles granted (both with grandship) were those of <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Adolfo Suárez</a> (to whom the golden fleece was also awarded in 2007<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), who was created <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Duke of Suárez">Duke of Suárez</a> in 1981<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Calvo-Sotelo,_1st_Marquess_of_la_R%C3%ADa_de_Ribadeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo, 1st Marquess of la Ría de Ribadeo">Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo</a>, created <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marquess_of_the_R%C3%ADa_de_Ribadeo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marquess of the Ría de Ribadeo (page does not exist)">Marquess of the Ría de Ribadeo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquesado_de_la_R%C3%ADa_de_Ribadeo" class="extiw" title="es:Marquesado de la Ría de Ribadeo">es</a>]</span> in 2002, twenty years after holding the office.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last prime minister to be offered a noble title was <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">Felipe González</a>, who rejected the offer.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, neither King <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I">Juan Carlos I</a> nor King <a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a> have offered prime ministers such an honor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Staff,_salary_and_office"><span id="Staff.2C_salary_and_office"></span>Staff, salary and office</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Spain&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Staff, salary and office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1983, the first government of Felipe González established the "Statute of Former Prime Ministers", which granted retired prime ministers, for four years, the right to have an office composed by two civil servants, a minimum endowment of 2.5 million <a href="/wiki/Spanish_peseta" title="Spanish peseta">pesetas</a> each year for office expenses and an official vehicle with driver.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nine years later, the government updated the Statute, removing the time limit the prime minister would receive privileges, including diplomatic assistance abroad, security, a personal salary for two years after leaving the office and, free pass in public transportation and an undetermined endowment for office expenses.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2004, the retired prime ministers are eligible for a seat in the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of State (Spain)">Council of State</a> for life.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2023, only Jose María Aznar (2005–2006) and <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero">José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</a> (2011–2015) used this privilege.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a> 2023, each of the living prime ministers receive €74,580 for the sustenance of their respective offices.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_prime_ministers">Recent prime ministers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Spain&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Recent prime ministers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Spain" title="List of prime ministers of Spain">List of prime ministers of Spain</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline">Timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Spain&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Spain#Kingdom_of_Spain_(1975–present)" title="List of prime ministers of Spain">List of prime ministers of Spain § Kingdom of Spain (1975–present)</a></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_3mbu9fuj6xi33kc3o5673bus14ugnmj"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" coords="660,162,751,186" title="Pedro Sánchez" alt="Pedro Sánchez" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" coords="575,144,647,168" title="Mariano Rajoy" alt="Mariano Rajoy" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" coords="491,126,656,150" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" alt="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" coords="391,108,463,132" title="José María Aznar" alt="José María Aznar" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" coords="288,90,386,114" title="Felipe González" alt="Felipe González" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Calvo%2DSotelo" coords="113,72,231,96" title="Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo" alt="Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" coords="90,54,175,78" title="Adolfo Suárez" alt="Adolfo Suárez" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Santiago" coords="29,36,141,60" title="Fernando de Santiago" alt="Fernando de Santiago" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Carlos_Arias_Navarro" coords="29,18,154,42" title="Carlos Arias Navarro" alt="Carlos Arias Navarro" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_3mbu9fuj6xi33kc3o5673bus14ugnmj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/3mbu9fuj6xi33kc3o5673bus14ugnmj.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Spain&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Spain" title="Elections in Spain">Elections in Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Spain" title="List of prime ministers of Spain">List of prime ministers of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Spain" title="Politics of Spain">Politics of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Office_(Spain)" title="Cabinet Office (Spain)">Cabinet Office (Spain)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Spain&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCarlos_Molina2022" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Carlos Molina (7 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cincodias.elpais.com/cincodias/2022/10/06/economia/1665063806_114384.html">"Pedro Sánchez ganará 90.010 euros, 5.410 euros más que las tres vicepresidentas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/El_Pa%C3%ADs" title="El País">El País</a></i> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Prisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisa">Prisa</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Pedro+S%C3%A1nchez+ganar%C3%A1+90.010+euros%2C+5.410+euros+m%C3%A1s+que+las+tres+vicepresidentas&rft.date=2022-10-07&rft.au=Carlos+Molina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcincodias.elpais.com%2Fcincodias%2F2022%2F10%2F06%2Feconomia%2F1665063806_114384.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/lang/en/presidente/biografia/Paginas/index.aspx">"La Moncloa. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=es.wikisource.org&rft.atitle=Constituci%C3%B3n+espa%C3%B1ola+de+1837&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fes.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FConstituci%25C3%25B3n_espa%25C3%25B1ola_de_1837%23TITULO_VI_-_DEL_REY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dircost.unito.it/cs/pdf/spagna_constitucion_1845_esp.pdf">"Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy of 1845"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). 1845.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+Spanish+Monarchy+of+1845&rft.date=1845&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dircost.unito.it%2Fcs%2Fpdf%2Fspagna_constitucion_1845_esp.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dircost.unito.it/cs/pdf/spagna_constitucion_1869_esp.pdf">"Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy of 1869"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). 1869.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+Spanish+Monarchy+of+1869&rft.date=1869&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dircost.unito.it%2Fcs%2Fpdf%2Fspagna_constitucion_1869_esp.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dircost.unito.it/cs/docs/CONST%201876.htm">"Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy of 1876"</a> (in Spanish). 1876.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+the+Spanish+Monarchy+of+1876&rft.date=1876&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dircost.unito.it%2Fcs%2Fdocs%2FCONST%25201876.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/123469543/Constitution-of-the-Republic-of-Spain-1931">"Spanish Constitution of 1931"</a>. <i>scribd</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scribd&rft.atitle=Spanish+Constitution+of+1931&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F123469543%2FConstitution-of-the-Republic-of-Spain-1931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1977/06/17/archives/spains-election-victor-adolfo-su-rez-gonz-lez.html">"Spain's Election Victor"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 17 June 1977. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Spain%27s+Election+Victor&rft.date=1977-06-17&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1977%2F06%2F17%2Farchives%2Fspains-election-victor-adolfo-su-rez-gonz-lez.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Part_IV-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Part_IV_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Part_IV_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Part_IV_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Part_IV_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Part_IV_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Part_IV_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Part_IV_22-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Part_IV_22-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Part_IV_22-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1978_(annotated)/Part_IV">Spanish Constitution, 1978, Part IV Government and Administration</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-08_April_2008_Investiture_Speech-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-08_April_2008_Investiture_Speech_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la-moncloa.es/IDIOMAS/9/Presidente/Discursodeinvestidura/Introduction.htm">Speech by Zapatero at the session for his investiture as Prime Minister</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlberola2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Alberola, Miquel (27 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/politica/2016/04/26/actualidad/1461689973_619104.html">"El Rey no propone a ningún candidato y aboca a nuevas elecciones en junio"</a>. <i>El País</i> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1134-6582">1134-6582</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=El+Rey+no+propone+a+ning%C3%BAn+candidato+y+aboca+a+nuevas+elecciones+en+junio&rft.date=2016-04-27&rft.issn=1134-6582&rft.aulast=Alberola&rft.aufirst=Miquel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fpolitica%2F2016%2F04%2F26%2Factualidad%2F1461689973_619104.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zapatero_sworn_in-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zapatero_sworn_in_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zapatero_sworn_in_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> Video: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dM3AZ47GZ0w">Rodríguez Zapatero is sworn into his second term</a> (<a href="/wiki/RTVE" title="RTVE">RTVE</a>'s <a href="/wiki/24_Horas_(Spanish_TV_channel)" title="24 Horas (Spanish TV channel)">Canal 24H</a>, 12 April 2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEFEPaís2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">EFE; País, El (9 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/politica/2014/07/09/actualidad/1404932149_211008.html">"Felipe VI cambia el protocolo y permite la jura del cargo sin Biblia ni crucifijo"</a>. <i>El País</i> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1134-6582">1134-6582</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Felipe+VI+cambia+el+protocolo+y+permite+la+jura+del+cargo+sin+Biblia+ni+crucifijo&rft.date=2014-07-09&rft.issn=1134-6582&rft.au=EFE&rft.au=Pa%C3%ADs%2C+El&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fpolitica%2F2014%2F07%2F09%2Factualidad%2F1404932149_211008.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elmundo.es/espana/2018/06/02/5b126154268e3e7e3e8b4615.html">"Pedro Sánchez, presidente aconfesional: Promete su cargo ante el Rey sin Biblia ni crucifijo"</a>. 2 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pedro+S%C3%A1nchez%2C+presidente+aconfesional%3A+Promete+su+cargo+ante+el+Rey+sin+Biblia+ni+crucifijo&rft.date=2018-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Fespana%2F2018%2F06%2F02%2F5b126154268e3e7e3e8b4615.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDÍAS2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">DÍAS, CINCO (31 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cincodias.elpais.com/cincodias/2016/10/31/economia/1477907308_977765.html">"Rajoy jura el cargo de presidente ante Felipe VI"</a>. <i>Cinco Días</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cinco+D%C3%ADas&rft.atitle=Rajoy+jura+el+cargo+de+presidente+ante+Felipe+VI&rft.date=2016-10-31&rft.aulast=D%C3%8DAS&rft.aufirst=CINCO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcincodias.elpais.com%2Fcincodias%2F2016%2F10%2F31%2Feconomia%2F1477907308_977765.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1978_(annotated)/Part_II">Spanish Constitution, 1978, Part II The Crown</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Official_website_of_the_Royal_Household-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Official_website_of_the_Royal_Household_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.casareal.es/laCorona/laCorona-iden-idweb.html">The Royal Household of H.M. The King website</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://app.congreso.es/consti/constitucion/indice/sinopsis/sinopsis.jsp?art=62&tipo=2">"Sinopsis artículo 62 - Constitución Española"</a>. <i>app.congreso.es</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=app.congreso.es&rft.atitle=Sinopsis+art%C3%ADculo+62+-+Constituci%C3%B3n+Espa%C3%B1ola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapp.congreso.es%2Fconsti%2Fconstitucion%2Findice%2Fsinopsis%2Fsinopsis.jsp%3Fart%3D62%26tipo%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolo2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Polo, Raquel Pérez (22 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cope.es/actualidad/espana/noticias/asi-fue-golpe-estado-que-paro-rey-juan-carlos-papel-23f-20210222_1152112">"Don Juan Carlos, la historia detrás del hombre que paró el golpe del 23-F"</a>. <i>COPE</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=COPE&rft.atitle=Don+Juan+Carlos%2C+la+historia+detr%C3%A1s+del+hombre+que+par%C3%B3+el+golpe+del+23-F&rft.date=2021-02-22&rft.aulast=Polo&rft.aufirst=Raquel+P%C3%A9rez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cope.es%2Factualidad%2Fespana%2Fnoticias%2Fasi-fue-golpe-estado-que-paro-rey-juan-carlos-papel-23f-20210222_1152112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpanish_Royal_Academy" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Royal_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Royal Academy">Spanish Royal Academy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dpej.rae.es/lema/presidencia-del-gobierno">"Definición de Presidencia del Gobierno - Diccionario panhispánico del español jurídico - RAE"</a>. <i>www.dpej.rae.es</i> (in Spanish). Pan-Hispanic Spanish Law Dictionary<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Correo&rft.atitle=Los+que+dijeron+%22no%22&rft.date=2011-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elcorreo.com%2Fvizcaya%2Fv%2F20110205%2Fsociedad%2Fdijeron-20110205.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Prime_Minister1983" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Office of the Prime Minister (8 August 1983), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/eli/es/rd/1983/08/04/2102"><i>Real Decreto 2102/1983, de 4 de agosto, por el que se establece el Estatuto de los ex Presidentes del Gobierno</i></a> (in Spanish), p. 21933<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Real+Decreto+2102%2F1983%2C+de+4+de+agosto%2C+por+el+que+se+establece+el+Estatuto+de+los+ex+Presidentes+del+Gobierno&rft.pages=21933&rft.date=1983-08-08&rft.au=Office+of+the+Prime+Minister&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boe.es%2Feli%2Fes%2Frd%2F1983%2F08%2F04%2F2102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Prime_Ministerio1992" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Office of the Prime Ministerio (4 May 1992), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boe.es/eli/es/rd/1992/04/24/405"><i>Real Decreto 405/1992, de 24 de abril, por el que se regula el Estatuto de los Ex Presidentes del Gobierno</i></a> (in Spanish), p. 14993<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Real+Decreto+405%2F1992%2C+de+24+de+abril%2C+por+el+que+se+regula+el+Estatuto+de+los+Ex+Presidentes+del+Gobierno&rft.pages=14993&rft.date=1992-05-04&rft.au=Office+of+the+Prime+Ministerio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boe.es%2Feli%2Fes%2Frd%2F1992%2F04%2F24%2F405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDÍAS2004" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">DÍAS, CINCO (24 July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cincodias.elpais.com/cincodias/2004/07/24/economia/1090648583_850215.html">"El Consejo de Estado supervisará la reforma de la Constitución"</a>. <i>Cinco Días</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=elconfidencial.com&rft.atitle=Zapatero+abandona+el+Consejo+de+Estado+para+presidir+el+consejo+de+una+fundaci%C3%B3n+alemana&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft.aulast=Confidencial&rft.aufirst=El&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elconfidencial.com%2Fespana%2F2015-07-28%2Fzapatero-consejo-estado-fundacion-alemana_946019%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManovel2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Manovel, Marina León (15 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/elecciones-generales/2023-07-15/sueldo-vitalicio-politicos-rajoy-aznar-felipe-gonzalez_3700417/">"¿Cuál es el sueldo vitalicio que cobra Rajoy, Aznar o Felipe González después de ser presidentes?"</a>. <i>elconfidencial.com</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=elconfidencial.com&rft.atitle=%C2%BFCu%C3%A1l+es+el+sueldo+vitalicio+que+cobra+Rajoy%2C+Aznar+o+Felipe+Gonz%C3%A1lez+despu%C3%A9s+de+ser+presidentes%3F&rft.date=2023-07-15&rft.aulast=Manovel&rft.aufirst=Marina+Le%C3%B3n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elconfidencial.com%2Fespana%2Felecciones-generales%2F2023-07-15%2Fsueldo-vitalicio-politicos-rajoy-aznar-felipe-gonzalez_3700417%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrime+Minister+of+Spain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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.nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Spain" title="Template:Prime ministers of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prime ministers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Acting prime ministers shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;padding-top:0.35em;padding-bottom:0.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Isabella_II_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella II of Spain">Queen Isabella II</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1833–1868)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Mart%C3%ADnez_de_la_Rosa" title="Francisco Martínez de la Rosa">Martínez de la Rosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Queipo_de_Llano,_7th_Count_of_Toreno" title="José María Queipo de Llano, 7th Count of Toreno">Toreno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Ricardo_de_%C3%81lava" title="Miguel Ricardo de Álava">Álava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_%C3%81lvarez_Mendiz%C3%A1bal" title="Juan Álvarez Mendizábal">Álvarez Mendizábal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_de_Ist%C3%BAriz" title="Francisco Javier de Istúriz">Istúriz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Calatrava_y_Peinado" title="José María Calatrava y Peinado">Calatrava</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldomero_Espartero" title="Baldomero Espartero">Espartero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebio_Bardaj%C3%AD_y_Azara" title="Eusebio Bardají y Azara">Bardají</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narciso_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Heredia,_2nd_Count_of_Heredia-Sp%C3%ADnola" class="mw-redirect" title="Narciso Fernández de Heredia, 2nd Count of Heredia-Spínola">Heredia-Spínola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardino_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Velasco,_14th_Duke_of_Fr%C3%ADas" title="Bernardino Fernández de Velasco, 14th Duke of Frías">Frías</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isidro_de_Alaix_F%C3%A1bregas" title="Isidro de Alaix Fábregas">Alaix</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaristo_P%C3%A9rez_de_Castro" title="Evaristo Pérez de Castro">Pérez de Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gonz%C3%A1lez,_1st_Marquess_of_Valdeterrazo" title="Antonio González, 1st Marquess of Valdeterrazo">A. González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valent%C3%ADn_Ferraz_y_Barrau" title="Valentín Ferraz y Barrau">Ferraz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Modesto_Cort%C3%A1zar_y_Leal_de_Ibarra" title="Modesto Cortázar y Leal de Ibarra">Cortázar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Sancho_y_Cobertores" title="Vicente Sancho y Cobertores">Sancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldomero_Espartero" title="Baldomero Espartero">Espartero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Mar%C3%ADa_Ferrer_y_Cafranga" title="Joaquín María Ferrer y Cafranga">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gonz%C3%A1lez,_1st_Marquess_of_Valdeterrazo" title="Antonio González, 1st Marquess of Valdeterrazo">A. González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ram%C3%B3n_Rodil,_1st_Marquess_of_Rodil" title="José Ramón Rodil, 1st Marquess of Rodil">Rodil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Mar%C3%ADa_L%C3%B3pez_y_L%C3%B3pez" title="Joaquín María López y López">J. M. López</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_G%C3%B3mez_Becerra" title="Álvaro Gómez Becerra">Gómez Becerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salustiano_de_Ol%C3%B3zaga_y_Almandoz" title="Salustiano de Olózaga y Almandoz">Olózaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Bravo" title="Luis González Bravo">González Bravo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Pando,_6th_Marquess_of_Miraflores" title="Manuel de Pando, 6th Marquess of Miraflores">Miraflores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Mart%C3%ADnez_de_Irujo,_2nd_Marquess_of_Casa_Irujo" title="Carlos Martínez de Irujo, 2nd Marquess of Casa Irujo">Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Francisco_Pacheco_y_Guti%C3%A9rrez-Calder%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Joaquín Francisco Pacheco y Gutiérrez-Calderón">Pacheco</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Salamanca,_Marquis_of_Salamanca" title="José de Salamanca, Marquis of Salamanca">Salamanca</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florencio_Garc%C3%ADa_Goyena" title="Florencio García Goyena">García Goyena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seraf%C3%ADn_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Sotto,_3rd_Count_of_Clonard" title="Serafín María de Sotto, 3rd Count of Clonard">Clonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bravo_Murillo" title="Juan Bravo Murillo">Bravo Murillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_de_Roncali,_1st_Count_of_Alcoy" title="Federico de Roncali, 1st Count of Alcoy">Roncali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_de_Lersundi_y_Hormaechea" title="Francisco de Lersundi y Hormaechea">Lersundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Jos%C3%A9_Sartorius,_1st_Count_of_San_Luis" title="Luis José Sartorius, 1st Count of San Luis">Sartorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdova,_2nd_Marquess_of_Mendigorr%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernando Fernández de Córdova, 2nd Marquess of Mendigorría">Mendigorría</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_de_Saavedra,_3rd_Duke_of_Rivas" title="Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas">Rivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldomero_Espartero" title="Baldomero Espartero">Espartero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_O%27Donnell" title="Leopoldo O'Donnell">O'Donnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Armero,_1st_Marquess_of_Nervi%C3%B3n" title="Francisco Armero, 1st Marquess of Nervión">Armero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Javier_de_Ist%C3%BAriz" title="Francisco Javier de Istúriz">Istúriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_O%27Donnell" title="Leopoldo O'Donnell">O'Donnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Arrazola_y_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Lorenzo Arrazola y García">Arrazola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Mon_y_Men%C3%A9ndez" title="Alejandro Mon y Menéndez">Mon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_O%27Donnell" title="Leopoldo O'Donnell">O'Donnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Mar%C3%ADa_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Ramón María Narváez">Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Bravo" title="Luis González Bravo">González Bravo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Guti%C3%A9rrez_de_la_Concha,_1st_Marquess_of_Havana" title="José Gutiérrez de la Concha, 1st Marquess of Havana">Havana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;padding-top:0.35em;padding-bottom:0.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Sexenio_Democr%C3%A1tico" title="Sexenio Democrático">Democratic Sexennium</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1868–1874)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pascual_Madoz" title="Pascual Madoz">Madoz</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serrano,_1st_Duke_of_la_Torre" title="Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre">Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Prim" title="Juan Prim">Prim</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Topete" title="Juan Bautista Topete">Topete</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serrano,_1st_Duke_of_la_Torre" title="Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre">Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ruiz_Zorrilla" title="Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla">Ruiz Zorrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Malcampo,_3rd_Marquess_of_San_Rafael" title="José Malcampo, 3rd Marquess of San Rafael">Malcampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Sagasta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Topete" title="Juan Bautista Topete">Topete</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serrano,_1st_Duke_of_la_Torre" title="Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre">Serrano</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdova,_2nd_Marquess_of_Mendigorr%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernando Fernández de Córdova, 2nd Marquess of Mendigorría">Mendigorría</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ruiz_Zorrilla" title="Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla">Ruiz Zorrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estanislao_Figueras" title="Estanislao Figueras">Figueras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Margall" title="Francesc Pi i Margall">Pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Salmer%C3%B3n_y_Alonso" title="Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso">Salmerón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Castelar" title="Emilio Castelar">Castelar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Serrano,_1st_Duke_of_la_Torre" title="Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre">Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Zavala" title="Juan de Zavala">Sierra Bullones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Sagasta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;padding-top:0.35em;padding-bottom:0.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Spain)" title="Restoration (Spain)">The Restoration</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1874–1931)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_C%C3%A1novas_del_Castillo" title="Antonio Cánovas del Castillo">Cánovas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Jovellar_y_Soler" title="Joaquín Jovellar y Soler">Jovellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenio_Mart%C3%ADnez_Campos" title="Arsenio Martínez Campos">Martínez Campos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta" title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta">Sagasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Posada_Herrera" title="José Posada Herrera">Posada</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Azc%C3%A1rraga_Palmero" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcelo Azcárraga Palmero">Azcárraga</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Silvela" title="Francisco Silvela">Silvela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimundo_Fern%C3%A1ndez-Villaverde" title="Raimundo Fernández-Villaverde">Fernández-Villaverde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Maura" title="Antonio Maura">Maura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montero_R%C3%ADos" title="Eugenio Montero Ríos">Montero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segismundo_Moret" title="Segismundo Moret">Moret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_L%C3%B3pez_Dom%C3%ADnguez" title="José López Domínguez">López Domínguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Aguilar_y_Correa,_Marquis_of_Vega_de_Armijo" title="Antonio Aguilar y Correa, Marquis of Vega de Armijo">Vega de Armijo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Canalejas_y_M%C3%A9ndez" title="José Canalejas y Méndez">Canalejas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Garc%C3%ADa_Prieto,_Marquis_of_Alhucemas" title="Manuel García Prieto, Marquis of Alhucemas">García Prieto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Figueroa,_1st_Count_of_Romanones" title="Álvaro de Figueroa, 1st Count of Romanones">Romanones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Dato" title="Eduardo Dato">Dato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Maura" title="Antonio Maura">Maura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_S%C3%A1nchez_de_Toca" title="Joaquín Sánchez de Toca">Sánchez de Toca</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gabino_Bugallal_Ara%C3%BAjo" title="Gabino Bugallal Araújo">Bugallal</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S%C3%A1nchez-Guerra_y_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="José Sánchez-Guerra y Martínez">Sánchez-Guerra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Primo_de_Rivera" title="Miguel Primo de Rivera">Primo de Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1maso_Berenguer" title="Dámaso Berenguer">Berenguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_Aznar-Caba%C3%B1as" title="Juan Bautista Aznar-Cabañas">Aznar-Cabañas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;padding-top:0.35em;padding-bottom:0.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Republic</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1931–1939)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niceto_Alcal%C3%A1-Zamora" title="Niceto Alcalá-Zamora">Alcalá-Zamora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Aza%C3%B1a" title="Manuel Azaña">Azaña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Lerroux" title="Alejandro Lerroux">Lerroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Mart%C3%ADnez_Barrio" title="Diego Martínez Barrio">Martínez Barrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Samper" title="Ricardo Samper">Samper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Chapaprieta" title="Joaquín Chapaprieta">Chapaprieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Portela_Valladares" title="Manuel Portela Valladares">Portela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Barc%C3%ADa_Trelles" title="Augusto Barcía Trelles">Barcía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Casares_Quiroga" title="Santiago Casares Quiroga">Casares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Mart%C3%ADnez_Barrio" title="Diego Martínez Barrio">Martínez Barrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Giral" title="José Giral">Giral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Largo_Caballero" title="Francisco Largo Caballero">Largo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Negr%C3%ADn" title="Juan Negrín">Negrín</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;padding-top:0.35em;padding-bottom:0.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Spain under Franco</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1936–1975)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Carrero_Blanco" title="Luis Carrero Blanco">Carrero Blanco</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Torcuato_Fern%C3%A1ndez-Miranda" title="Torcuato Fernández-Miranda">Fernández-Miranda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Arias_Navarro" title="Carlos Arias Navarro">Arias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.25em;padding-top:0.35em;padding-bottom:0.35em;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1975%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Spain (1975–present)">Since 1975</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Arias_Navarro" title="Carlos Arias Navarro">Arias</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Santiago" title="Fernando de Santiago">Santiago</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Suárez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Calvo-Sotelo" title="Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo">Calvo-Sotelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">F. González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Aznar" title="José María Aznar">Aznar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero">Zapatero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy" title="Mariano Rajoy">Rajoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Departments_and_agencies_of_the_Government_of_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Departments_and_agencies_of_the_Government_of_Spain" title="Template:Departments and agencies of the Government of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Departments_and_agencies_of_the_Government_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Departments and agencies of the Government of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Departments_and_agencies_of_the_Government_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Departments and agencies of the Government of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Departments_and_agencies_of_the_Government_of_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_government_departments" title="Spanish government departments">Departments</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_agencies_in_Spain" title="List of agencies in Spain">agencies</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Spain" title="Government of Spain">Government of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Spain)" title="Council of Ministers (Spain)">Cabinet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">President of the Government of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">First Vice President of the Government of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Second Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">Second Vice President of the Government of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Third Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">Third Vice President of the Government of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_(Spain)" title="Office of the Prime Minister (Spain)">Office of the Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Spain)">Minister of Foreign Affairs, European Union and Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Presidency,_Justice_and_Relations_with_the_Cortes" title="Ministry of the Presidency, Justice and Relations with the Cortes">Ministry of the Presidency, Justice and Relations with the Cortes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Defence (Spain)">Ministry of Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Finance (Spain)">Minister of Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Spain)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Spain)">Ministry of the Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Development_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Development (Spain)">Minister of Transport and Sustainable Mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Education (Spain)">Minister of Education, Vocational Training and Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Labour (Spain)">Minister of Labour and Social Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Industry_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Industry (Spain)">Minister of Industry and Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Agriculture (Spain)">Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Territorial_Policy" title="Ministry of Territorial Policy">Minister of Territorial Policy and Democratic Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Environment (Spain)">Minister for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Housing (Spain)">Minister of Housing and Urban Agenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Culture (Spain)">Ministry of Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Economy (Spain)">Minister of Economy, Trade and Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Health (Spain)">Ministry of Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Affairs_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Social Affairs (Spain)">Minister of Social Rights, Consumer Affairs and 2030 Agenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Science (Spain)">Minister of Science, Innovation and Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Equality_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Equality (Spain)">Ministry of Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Inclusion,_Social_Security_and_Migration" title="Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration">Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Digital_Transformation_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Digital Transformation (Spain)">Ministry for the Digital Transformation and of the Civil Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Youth_and_Children" title="Ministry of Youth and Children">Ministry of Youth and Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spokesperson_of_the_Government_of_Spain" title="Spokesperson of the Government of Spain">Spokesperson of the Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Spain" title="Fourth Deputy Prime Minister of Spain">Fourth Vice President of the Government of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Supply_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Supply (Spain)">Ministry of Supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Communications (Spain)">Ministry of Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Overseas_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Overseas (Spain)">Ministry of Overseas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_and_Tourism" title="Ministry of Information and Tourism">Ministry of Information and Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Consumer_Affairs_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Consumer Affairs (Spain)">Ministry of Consumer Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy_and_Finance_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Economy and Finance (Spain)">Ministry of Economy and Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy,_Tourism_and_Digital_Agenda" title="Ministry of Energy, Tourism and Digital Agenda">Ministry of Energy, Tourism and Digital Agenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Justice (Spain)">Ministry of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Presidency" title="Ministry of the Presidency">Ministry of the Presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Trade_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Trade (Spain)">Ministry of Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_(Spain)" title="Ministry of Transport (Spain)">Ministry of Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Universities" title="Ministry of Universities">Ministry of Universities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_agencies_in_Spain" title="List of agencies in Spain">Agencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Spain" title="Bank of Spain">Bank of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Centre_(Spain)" title="National Intelligence Centre (Spain)">National Intelligence Centre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Cryptologic_Center" title="National Cryptologic Center">National Cryptologic Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_National_Research_Council" title="Spanish National Research Council">Spanish National Research Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Statistics_Institute_(Spain)" title="National Statistics Institute (Spain)">National Statistics Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Securities_Market_Commission" title="National Securities Market Commission">National Securities Market Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Transplant_Organization" title="National Transplant Organization">National Transplant Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Meteorological_Agency" title="State Meteorological Agency">State Meteorological Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Vehicle_Fleet" title="State Vehicle Fleet">State Vehicle Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Data_Protection_Agency" title="Spanish Data Protection Agency">Spanish Data Protection Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Agency_for_International_Development_Cooperation" title="Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation">Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Tax_Agency" title="Spanish Tax Agency">Spanish Tax Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Agency_for_Quality_Assessment_and_Accreditation" title="National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation">National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolet%C3%ADn_Oficial_del_Estado" title="Boletín Oficial del Estado">Boletín Oficial del Estado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Safety_Agency" title="Railway Safety Agency">Railway Safety Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Aviation_Safety_and_Security_Agency" title="Spanish Aviation Safety and Security Agency">Spanish Aviation Safety and Security Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaluation_and_Quality_Agency" title="Evaluation and Quality Agency">Evaluation and Quality Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Research_Agency" title="State Research Agency">State Research Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Anti-Doping_Agency" title="Spanish Anti-Doping Agency">Spanish Anti-Doping Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Homeland Security (Spain)">Department of Homeland Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Center_for_Counter-Terrorism_and_Organized_Crime" title="Intelligence Center for Counter-Terrorism and Organized Crime">Intelligence Center for Counter-Terrorism and Organized Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Society" title="Maritime Safety and Rescue Society">Maritime Safety and Rescue Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consejo_Superior_de_Deportes" title="Consejo Superior de Deportes">National Sports Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Agency_of_Medicines_and_Medical_Devices" title="Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices">Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Agency_for_Food_Safety_and_Nutrition" title="Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition">Spanish Agency for Food Safety and Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Information_and_Control_Agency" title="Food Information and Control Agency">Food Information and Control Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turespa%C3%B1a" title="Turespaña">Tourism Institute of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Aerospace_Technology" title="National Institute for Aerospace Technology">National Institute for Aerospace Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate-General_for_Traffic" title="Directorate-General for Traffic">Directorate-General for Traffic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Social_Security_Inspectorate" title="Labour and Social Security Inspectorate">Labour and Social Security Inspectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Safety_and_Health_at_Work" title="National Institute for Safety and Health at Work">National Institute for Safety and Health at Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Patent_and_Trademark_Office" title="Spanish Patent and Trademark Office">Spanish Patent and Trademark Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Agricultural_Guarantee_Fund" title="Spanish Agricultural Guarantee Fund">Spanish Agricultural Guarantee Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Political_and_Constitutional_Studies" title="Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies">Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centro_de_Investigaciones_Sociol%C3%B3gicas" title="Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas">Centre for Sociological Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrimonio_Nacional" title="Patrimonio Nacional">Patrimonio Nacional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Cervantes" title="Instituto Cervantes">Instituto Cervantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Parks_Autonomous_Agency" title="National Parks Autonomous Agency">National Parks Autonomous Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Elderly_and_Social_Services" title="Institute for the Elderly and Social Services">Institute for the Elderly and Social Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Youth" title="Institute of Youth">Institute of Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_III_Health_Institute" title="Carlos III Health Institute">Carlos III Health Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIEMAT" title="CIEMAT">Centre for Energy, Environmental and Technological Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Women" title="Institute of Women">Institute of Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Authority_for_Fiscal_Responsibility" title="Independent Authority for Fiscal Responsibility">Independent Authority for Fiscal Responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Safety_Council_(Spain)" title="Nuclear Safety Council (Spain)">Nuclear Safety Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_de_la_Cinematograf%C3%ADa_y_de_las_Artes_Audiovisuales" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto de la Cinematografía y de las Artes Audiovisuales">Institute of Cinematography and Audiovisual Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agencia_Espacial_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Agencia Espacial Española">Spanish Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_los_Mercados_y_la_Competencia" title="Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia">National Commission on Markets and Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fondo_de_Reestructuraci%C3%B3n_Ordenada_Bancaria" title="Fondo de Reestructuración Ordenada Bancaria">Spanish Executive Resolution Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Agency_for_the_Supervision_of_Artificial_Intelligence" title="Spanish Agency for the Supervision of Artificial Intelligence">Spanish Agency for the Supervision of Artificial Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Public_Administration_(Spain)" title="National Institute of Public Administration (Spain)">National Institute of Public Administration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" title="Template:Heads of state and government of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Heads of state and government of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state and government of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_state_and_government_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Heads of state and government of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Heads<br />of state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">UN members  <br />and observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Princes of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Armenia" title="President of Armenia">Armenia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Austria" title="President of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Azerbaijan" title="President of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Belarus" title="President of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Bulgaria" title="President of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="President of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Estonia" title="President of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Finland" title="President of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Georgia" title="President of Georgia">Georgia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Germany" title="President of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Greece" title="President of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Holy See (Vatican City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Hungary" title="President of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Iceland" title="President of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kazakhstan" title="President of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Latvia" title="President of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Lithuania" title="President of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Malta" title="President of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Moldova" title="President of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Montenegro" title="President of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_North_Macedonia" title="President of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Poland" title="President of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Portugal" title="President of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">Russian Federation</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captains_Regent" title="Captains Regent">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Serbia" title="President of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Slovakia" title="President of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Slovenia" title="President of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Princes_and_Grand_Masters_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Princes and Grand Masters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ukraine" title="President of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Partially recognised<sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Abkhazia" title="President of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kosovo" title="President of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="President of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Ossetia" title="President of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Unrecognised states<sup>3</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Transnistria" title="President of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Heads of<br />government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">UN members  <br />and observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Andorra" title="List of heads of government of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Armenia" title="Prime Minister of Armenia">Armenia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Austria" title="Chancellor of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azerbaijan" title="Prime Minister of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belarus" title="Prime Minister of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Georgia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">Holy See (Vatican City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iceland" title="Prime Minister of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kazakhstan" title="Prime Minister of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Latvia" title="Prime Minister of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Liechtenstein" title="List of heads of government of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lithuania" title="Prime Minister of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Luxembourg" title="List of prime ministers of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Moldova" title="Prime Minister of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_(Monaco)" title="Minister of State (Monaco)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_North_Macedonia" title="Prime Minister of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Russian Federation</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captains_Regent" title="Captains Regent">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovenia" title="Prime Minister of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Princes_and_Grand_Masters_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Princes and Grand Masters of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Council_(Switzerland)" title="Federal Council (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Turkey</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" title="Prime Minister of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Partially recognised<sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Abkhazia" title="Prime Minister of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kosovo" title="Prime Minister of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Ossetia" title="Prime Minister of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1.3em;">Unrecognised states<sup>3</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Transnistria" title="Prime Minister of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on geographical definition.</li> <li>2. Recognised by at least one United Nations member.</li> <li>3. Not recognised by any United Nations members.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Council" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Council" title="Template:European Council"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Council" title="Template talk:European Council"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Council" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Council"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Council" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Council_meetings" title="List of European Council meetings">List of meetings</a></li> <li>Parties represented <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_1998" title="Parties in the European Council during 1998">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_1999" title="Parties in the European Council during 1999">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2000" title="Parties in the European Council during 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2001" title="Parties in the European Council during 2001">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2002" title="Parties in the European Council during 2002">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2003" title="Parties in the European Council during 2003">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_between_January_and_April_2004" title="Parties in the European Council between January and April 2004">2004 (January–April)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_between_May_and_December_2004" title="Parties in the European Council between May and December 2004">2004 (May–December)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2005" title="Parties in the European Council during 2005">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2006" title="Parties in the European Council during 2006">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2007" title="Parties in the European Council during 2007">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2008" title="Parties in the European Council during 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2009" title="Parties in the European Council during 2009">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2010" title="Parties in the European Council during 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2011" title="Parties in the European Council during 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2012" title="Parties in the European Council during 2012">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_between_January_and_June_2013" title="Parties in the European Council between January and June 2013">2013 (January–June)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_between_July_and_December_2013" title="Parties in the European Council between July and December 2013">2013 (July–December)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2014" title="Parties in the European Council during 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2015" title="Parties in the European Council during 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2016" title="Parties in the European Council during 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2017" title="Parties in the European Council during 2017">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2018" title="Parties in the European Council during 2018">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2019&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parties in the European Council during 2019 (page does not exist)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2020&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parties in the European Council during 2020 (page does not exist)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2021&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parties in the European Council during 2021 (page does not exist)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2022&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parties in the European Council during 2022 (page does not exist)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parties_in_the_European_Council_during_2023&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parties in the European Council during 2023 (page does not exist)">2023</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <b> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Charles Michel</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Council" title="President of the European Council">President</a></b> (non-voting)</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Nehammer" title="Karl Nehammer">Nehammer</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Austria" title="Chancellor of Austria">AT</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo" title="Alexander De Croo">De Croo</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">BE</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dimitar_Glavchev" title="Dimitar Glavchev">Glavchev</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">BG</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><img alt="Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Plenković</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">HR</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides" title="Nikos Christodoulides">Christodoulides</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Cyprus" title="President of Cyprus">CY</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Petr_Fiala" title="Petr Fiala">Fiala</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Czech Republic">CZ</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen" title="Mette Frederiksen">Frederiksen</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">DK</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia"><img alt="Estonia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Michal" title="Kristen Michal">Michal</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">EE</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Petteri_Orpo" title="Petteri Orpo">Orpo</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">FI</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">FR</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">DE</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis" title="Kyriakos Mitsotakis">Mitsotakis</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">GR</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbán</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">HU</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris" title="Simon Harris">Harris</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">IE</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni" title="Giorgia Meloni">Meloni</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">IT</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Evika_Sili%C5%86a" title="Evika Siliņa">Siliņa</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Latvia" title="Prime Minister of Latvia">LV</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gitanas_Naus%C4%97da" title="Gitanas Nausėda">Nausėda</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Lithuania" title="President of Lithuania">LT</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg"><img alt="Luxembourg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Luc_Frieden" title="Luc Frieden">Frieden</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Luxembourg">LU</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Abela" title="Robert Abela">Abela</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">MT</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands"><img alt="Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Schoof" title="Dick Schoof">Schoof</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">NL</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Tusk" title="Donald Tusk">Tusk</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">PL</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Montenegro" title="Luís Montenegro">Montenegro</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">PT</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Iohannis</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">RO</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fico" title="Robert Fico">Fico</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">SK</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Golob" title="Robert Golob">Golob</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovenia" title="Prime Minister of Slovenia">SI</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></span> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">ES</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson" title="Ulf Kristersson">Kristersson</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">SE</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen" title="Ursula von der Leyen">von der Leyen</a>, <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission" title="President of the European Commission">President of the Commission</a> (non-voting)</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Josep_Borrell" title="Josep Borrell">Borrell</a> (<a href="/wiki/High_Representative_of_the_Union_for_Foreign_Affairs_and_Security_Policy" title="High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy">High Representative</a>) (present non-member, non-voting)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union"><img alt="European Union" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Metsola" title="Roberta Metsola">Metsola</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_the_European_Parliament" title="President of the European Parliament">President of the Parliament</a>) (partially attending, non-member, non-voting)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union Portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers" title="Template:Prime ministers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers" title="Template talk:Prime ministers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">Prime ministers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prime ministers<br />by country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Abkhazia" title="Prime Minister of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Afghanistan" title="Prime Minister of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Algeria" title="Prime Minister of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Armenia" title="Prime Minister of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Aruba" title="Prime Minister of Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azerbaijan" title="Prime Minister of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Bahamas" title="Prime Minister of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bahrain" title="Prime Minister of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh" title="Prime Minister of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Barbados" title="Prime Minister of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belarus" title="Prime Minister of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium" title="Prime Minister of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_Bermuda" title="List of premiers of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Council_of_Ministers_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bulgaria" title="Prime Minister of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Burundi" title="Prime Minister of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cambodia" title="Prime Minister of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cameroon" title="Prime Minister of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Central_African_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_China" title="Premier of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo">Congo (Republic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo (Democratic Republic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Prime Minister of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cuba" title="Prime Minister of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Prime Minister of Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Dominica" title="Prime Minister of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_East_Timor" title="Prime Minister of East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ethiopia" title="Prime Minister of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Fiji" title="Prime Minister of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Gabon" title="Prime Minister of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece" title="Prime Minister of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greenland" title="Prime Minister of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Guinea" title="List of prime ministers of Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Guinea-Bissau" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Guyana" title="Prime Minister of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Haiti" title="Prime Minister of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iceland" title="Prime Minister of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iraq" title="Prime Minister of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jamaica" title="Prime Minister of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Jordan" title="Prime Minister of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kazakhstan" title="Prime Minister of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_North_Korea" title="Premier of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea" title="Prime Minister of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kosovo" title="Prime Minister of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Cabinet_of_Ministers_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Laos" title="Prime Minister of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Latvia" title="Prime Minister of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon" title="Prime Minister of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Lesotho" title="List of prime ministers of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lithuania" title="Prime Minister of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Luxembourg" title="List of prime ministers of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Madagascar" title="Prime Minister of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malta" title="Prime Minister of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mauritania" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius" title="Prime Minister of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Moldova" title="Prime Minister of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mongolia" title="Prime Minister of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Montenegro" title="Prime Minister of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Morocco" title="Prime Minister of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Myanmar" title="Prime Minister of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Namibia" title="Prime Minister of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Nepal" title="Prime Minister of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Netherlands" title="Prime Minister of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Niue" title="Prime Minister of Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_North_Macedonia" title="Prime Minister of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Prime Minister of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Peru" title="Prime Minister of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Poland" title="Prime Minister of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Portugal" title="Prime Minister of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia" title="Prime Minister of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Rwanda" title="Prime Minister of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" 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