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.sidebar-heading{background:#e6e6ff;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <p>In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anthropology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a>, a <b>lineage</b> is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unilineality">unilineal descent</a> group that traces its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ancestor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ancestor">ancestry</a> to a demonstrably <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Common_descent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Common descent">shared ancestor</a>, known as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Common_descent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Common descent">apical ancestor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Merriam-Webster_Dictionary_2024_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Merriam-Webster_Dictionary_2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB_Lineage_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EB_Lineage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lineages are formed through <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Family?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Family">relationships</a> traced either exclusively through the maternal line (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matrilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matrilineality">matrilineage</a>), paternal line (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrilineality">patrilineage</a>), or some combination of both (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ambilineality">ambilineal</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Palomar_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Palomar-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cultural significance of matrilineal or patrilineal descent varies greatly, shaping <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Social_structure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Social structure">social structures</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inheritance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inheritance">inheritance patterns</a>, and even rituals across <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Society?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Society">societies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Characteristics"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Characteristics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lineage_(anthropology)&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>From <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middle_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> <i>linage</i>, from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Old_French?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Old French">Old French</a> <i>linage</i>, from <i>ligne</i>, from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>linea</i> (“line”); equivalent to <i>line</i> + <i>-age</i>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lineage_(anthropology)&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Characteristics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>A lineage is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kinship?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kinship">descent group</a> characterized by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unilineality">unilineal descent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Merriam-Webster_Dictionary_2024_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Merriam-Webster_Dictionary_2024-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that lineage membership is determined by tracing <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ancestor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ancestor">ancestry</a> through either a single line (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unilineality">unilineal</a>), either <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matrilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matrilineality">maternal</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrilineality">paternal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-EB_Lineage_3-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EB_Lineage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or through a combination of both lines (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ambilineality">ambilineal</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Palomar_4-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Palomar-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This differentiates lineages from other <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kinship?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kinship">descent groups</a> like <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clan">clans</a>, which may have a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Common_descent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Common descent">shared ancestor</a> but lack the demonstrably documented or traditionally accepted <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Common_descent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Common descent">apical ancestor</a> from whom all members descend.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are three forms of lineage, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matrilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matrilineality">matrilineage</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrilineality">patrilineage</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ambilineality">ambilineal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Palomar_4-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Palomar-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Baby_Mother_Grandmother_and_Great_Grandmother.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Baby_Mother_Grandmother_and_Great_Grandmother.jpg/220px-Baby_Mother_Grandmother_and_Great_Grandmother.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="2350"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 152px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Baby_Mother_Grandmother_and_Great_Grandmother.jpg/220px-Baby_Mother_Grandmother_and_Great_Grandmother.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="152" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Baby_Mother_Grandmother_and_Great_Grandmother.jpg/330px-Baby_Mother_Grandmother_and_Great_Grandmother.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Baby_Mother_Grandmother_and_Great_Grandmother.jpg/440px-Baby_Mother_Grandmother_and_Great_Grandmother.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> An example of a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matrilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matrilineality">Matrilineage</a> over 4 generations </figcaption> </figure> <p>In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matrilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matrilineality">matrilineage</a>, descent is traced exclusively through the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matriname?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matriname">maternal line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Children inherit lineage membership from their mother, and the lineage consists of a mother, her children, and her children's children who are all <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matrilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matrilineality">matrilineally related</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minangkabau_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minangkabau people">Minangkabau people</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indonesia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, being a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jews?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jews">Jew</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Judaism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judaism">Jewish religion</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Khasi_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Khasi people">Khasi people</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="India">India</a> are well-known examples of societies with prominent matrilineal structures.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrilineality">patrilineage</a>, descent is traced exclusively through the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrilineality">paternal line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Children inherit lineage membership from their father, and the lineage consists of a father, his children, and his children's children who are all <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrilineality">patrilineally related</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrilineality">Patrilineages</a> are more common globally, with examples found in many cultures, such as much of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Southeast_Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Southeast Asia">South East Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Ambilineal_Descent_System.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ambilineal_Descent_System.png/220px-Ambilineal_Descent_System.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="604"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 162px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ambilineal_Descent_System.png/220px-Ambilineal_Descent_System.png" data-width="220" data-height="162" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ambilineal_Descent_System.png/330px-Ambilineal_Descent_System.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Ambilineal_Descent_System.png/440px-Ambilineal_Descent_System.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> An example of an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ambilineality">Ambilineal</a> lineage </figcaption> </figure> <p>In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ambilineality">ambilineal</a> lineage, descent is traced through either the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matriname?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matriname">maternal</a> and/or the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrilineality">paternal lines</a>, usually meaning that the individuals choose whether to affiliate with their <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Social_group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Social group">mother or their father's group</a>, or both.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ambilineal lineage can be <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kinship?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kinship">bilineal</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilateral_descent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bilateral descent">bilateral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambilineality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ambilineality">Ambilineal</a> lineages are relatively rare in more under-developed societies, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Southeast_Asia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Southeast Asia">South East Asia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Palomar_4-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Palomar-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and very common in modernized societies, such as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Western_Europe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kinship?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kinship">Bilineal</a> lineage (also known as double descent), children are part of both their <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Social_group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Social group">mother and their father's groups</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This results in many more people in a lineage.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kinship?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kinship">bilineal lineage</a> include the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yak%C3%B6_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yakö people">Yako people</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nigeria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Lineages play a large role in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Social_organization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Social organization">social organization</a> across <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Culture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Culture">cultures</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They influence <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inheritance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inheritance">inheritance</a> patterns, with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Property?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Property">property</a> and titles often passed down within the lineage.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, lineages often have religious significance, with one's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ancestor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ancestor">ancestorial history</a> often determining one's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Religion">religion</a> and position in that religion.<sup id="cite_ref-Pew1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Pew1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The structure of lineages also leads to stability,<sup id="cite_ref-EB_Lineage_3-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EB_Lineage-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Social_responsibility?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Social responsibility">social obligations</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reciprocity_(social_psychology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reciprocity (social psychology)">reciprocity</a> among members, providing support networks and a sense of shared identity.<sup id="cite_ref-ICATS_27-0" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ICATS-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lineage_(anthropology)&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Genealogy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Genealogy">Genealogy</a> – Study of individual descent and bloodline</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kinship_terminology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kinship terminology">Kinship terminology</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lineage_(anthropology)&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Merriam-Webster_Dictionary_2024-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Merriam-Webster_Dictionary_2024_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Merriam-Webster_Dictionary_2024_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lineage">"Definition of LINEAGE"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster Dictionary</i>. 2024-04-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Definition+of+LINEAGE&rft.date=2024-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Flineage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALineage+%28anthropology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.yinhawangka.com.au/yinhawangka-people/%23:~:text%3DIn%2520anthropology,%2520an%2520apical%2520ancestor,ancestor%2520chosen%2520for%2520unification%2520purposes.">"Yinhawangka People"</a>. Paraburdoo, Western Australia: Yinhawangka Aboriginal Corporation. 16 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yinhawangka+People&rft.place=Paraburdoo%2C+Western+Australia&rft.pub=Yinhawangka+Aboriginal+Corporation&rft.date=2020-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yinhawangka.com.au%2Fyinhawangka-people%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DIn%2520anthropology%2C%2520an%2520apical%2520ancestor%2Cancestor%2520chosen%2520for%2520unification%2520purposes.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALineage+%28anthropology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-EB_Lineage-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EB_Lineage_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EB_Lineage_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EB_Lineage_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/topic/lineage-sociology">"Lineage | Family History, Kinship & Descent"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lineage+%7C+Family+History%2C+Kinship+%26+Descent&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Flineage-sociology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALineage+%28anthropology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Palomar-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Palomar_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Palomar_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Palomar_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Palomar_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.palomar.edu/anthro/kinship/kinship_2.htm">"The Nature of Kinship: Descent Principles (Part 1)"</a>. San Marcos, California: Palomar Community College<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.palomar.edu&rft.atitle=The+Nature+of+Kinship%3A+Glossary+of+Terms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.palomar.edu%2Fanthro%2Fkinship%2Fglossary.htm%23bilineal_descent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALineage+%28anthropology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.palomar.edu/anthro/kinship/glossary.htm%23bilateral_descent">"The Nature of Kinship: Glossary of Terms"</a>. <i>www.palomar.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.palomar.edu&rft.atitle=The+Nature+of+Kinship%3A+Glossary+of+Terms&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.palomar.edu%2Fanthro%2Fkinship%2Fglossary.htm%23bilateral_descent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALineage+%28anthropology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatresse" class="citation web cs1">Matresse C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-intro-to-sociology/chapter/reading-lines-of-descent-and-family-stages/">"Reading: Lines of Descent and Family Stages | Sociology"</a>. Lumen Learning<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reading%3A+Lines+of+Descent+and+Family+Stages+%7C+Sociology&rft.pub=Lumen+Learning&rft.aulast=Matresse&rft.aufirst=C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcourses.lumenlearning.com%2Fsuny-intro-to-sociology%2Fchapter%2Freading-lines-of-descent-and-family-stages%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALineage+%28anthropology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell2014" class="citation journal cs1">Bell K (2014-12-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sociologydictionary.org/bilineal-descent/">"bilineal descent definition"</a>. <i>Open Education Sociology Dictionary</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open+Education+Sociology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=bilineal+descent+definition&rft.date=2014-12-24&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Kenton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsociologydictionary.org%2Fbilineal-descent%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALineage+%28anthropology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-:1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anthropology/Cultural_Anthropology/Cultural_Anthropology_(Wikibook)/10%253A_Marriage_Reproduction_and_Kinship/10.6%253A_Kinship">"10.6: Kinship"</a>. <i>Social Sci LibreTexts</i>. 2018-04-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Social+Sci+LibreTexts&rft.atitle=10.6%3A+Kinship&rft.date=2018-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsocialsci.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FAnthropology%2FCultural_Anthropology%2FCultural_Anthropology_%28Wikibook%29%2F10%253A_Marriage_Reproduction_and_Kinship%2F10.6%253A_Kinship&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALineage+%28anthropology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://testbook.com/ias-preparation/types-of-descent">"Types of Descent: Patrilineal, Matrilineal, and Bilateral Systems"</a>. <i>Testbook</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Testbook&rft.atitle=Types+of+Descent%3A+Patrilineal%2C+Matrilineal%2C+and+Bilateral+Systems&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftestbook.com%2Fias-preparation%2Ftypes-of-descent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALineage+%28anthropology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anthroholic.com/double-descent">"Meaning of Double Descent in Anthropology | Anthroholic"</a>. 2023-07-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meaning+of+Double+Descent+in+Anthropology+%7C+Anthroholic&rft.date=2023-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanthroholic.com%2Fdouble-descent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALineage+%28anthropology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anthroholic.com/lineage">"What is Lineage in Anthropology?"</a>. <i>Anthroholic</i>. 2023-05-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anthroholic&rft.atitle=What+is+Lineage+in+Anthropology%3F&rft.date=2023-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanthroholic.com%2Flineage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALineage+%28anthropology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.farmers.gov/working-with-us/heirs-property-eligibility">"Heirs' Property Landowners"</a>. <i>Farmers.gov</i>. 2020-11-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Farmers.gov&rft.atitle=Heirs%27+Property+Landowners&rft.date=2020-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.farmers.gov%2Fworking-with-us%2Fheirs-property-eligibility&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALineage+%28anthropology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Pew1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Pew1_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2016/10/26/links-between-childhood-religious-upbringing-and-current-religious-identity/">"Links between childhood religious upbringing and current religious identity"</a>. <i>Pew Research Center</i>. 26 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Links+between+childhood+religious+upbringing+and+current+religious+identity&rft.date=2016-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Freligion%2F2016%2F10%2F26%2Flinks-between-childhood-religious-upbringing-and-current-religious-identity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALineage+%28anthropology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-ICATS-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lineage_(anthropology)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ICATS_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://collegeofarms.euclid.int/tracing-roots-the-significance-of-family-trees-in-traditional-societies/">"Tracing Roots: The Significance of Family Trees in Traditional Societies"</a>. <i>The Intergovernmental College of Arms and Traditional Cultures (ICATS)</i>. Euclid University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Intergovernmental+College+of+Arms+and+Traditional+Cultures+%28ICATS%29&rft.atitle=Tracing+Roots%3A+The+Significance+of+Family+Trees+in+Traditional+Societies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollegeofarms.euclid.int%2Ftracing-roots-the-significance-of-family-trees-in-traditional-societies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALineage+%28anthropology%29" class="Z3988"></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lineage_(anthropology)&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style> <div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuper1982" class="citation journal cs1">Kuper A (1982). "Lineage Theory: A Critical Retrospect". <i>Annual Review of Anthropology</i>. <b>11</b>: 71–95. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1146%252Fannurev.an.11.100182.000443">10.1146/annurev.an.11.100182.000443</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2155776">2155776</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Lineage+Theory%3A+A+Critical+Retrospect&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=71-95&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.an.11.100182.000443&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2155776%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kuper&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALineage+%28anthropology%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lineage_(anthropology)&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large 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class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Citation bot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1727305298"> <span>Last edited on 25 September 2024, at 23:01</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A8_(%25D8%25A3%25D9%2586%25D8%25AB%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D8%25AC%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7)" title="نسب (أنثروبولوجيا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نسب (أنثروبولوجيا)" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lineage" title="Lineage – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lineage" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linaje" title="Linaje – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Linaje" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leinu" title="Leinu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Leinu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%2598%2588%25ED%2586%25B5" title="혈통 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="혈통" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lineage" title="Lineage – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lineage" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%25AA%25E3%2583%258D%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2582%25B8" title="リネージ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リネージ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%25C3%25B3d" title="Ród – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ród" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B6" title="Линидж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Линидж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259B%25D1%2596%25D0%25BD%25D1%2596%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B6" title="Лінідж – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лінідж" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%25B3%25BB" title="世系 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="世系" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img 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