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id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目錄</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">文頭</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-睇埋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#睇埋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>睇埋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-睇埋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-攷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#攷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>攷</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-攷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">東斯拉夫人</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有50種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="سلاف شرقيون – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلاف شرقيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eslavos_orientales" title="Eslavos orientales – 阿斯圖里亞文" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Eslavos orientales" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯圖里亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="دوغو ایسلاولار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دوغو ایسلاولار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Усходнія славяне – 白俄羅斯文" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Усходнія славяне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄羅斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Усходнія славяне – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Усходнія славяне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Източни славяни – 保加利亞文" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Източни славяни" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isto%C4%8Dni_Slaveni" title="Istočni Slaveni – 波士尼亞文" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Istočni Slaveni" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波士尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eslaus_orientals" title="Eslaus orientals – 加泰羅尼亞文" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Eslaus orientals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰羅尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Малхбален славянаш – 車臣文" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Малхбален славянаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="車臣文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDchodn%C3%AD_Slovan%C3%A9" title="Východní Slované – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Východní Slované" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98stslavere" title="Østslavere – 丹麥文" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Østslavere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麥文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostslawen" title="Ostslawen – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ostslawen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%AF_%CE%A3%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Ανατολικοί Σλάβοι – 希臘文" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανατολικοί Σλάβοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Slavs" title="East Slavs – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="East Slavs" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eslavos_orientales" title="Eslavos orientales – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Eslavos orientales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaslaavlased" title="Idaslaavlased – 愛沙尼亞文" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Idaslaavlased" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="愛沙尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekialdeko_eslaviar" title="Ekialdeko eslaviar – 巴斯克文" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekialdeko eslaviar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C" title="اسلاوهای شرقی – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسلاوهای شرقی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C3%A4slaavit" title="Itäslaavit – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Itäslaavit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaves_orientaux" title="Slaves orientaux – 法文" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Slaves orientaux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="סלאבים מזרחיים – 希伯來文" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סלאבים מזרחיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯來文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="पूर्वी स्लाव लोग – 北印度文" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पूर्वी स्लाव लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="北印度文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isto%C4%8Dni_Slaveni" title="Istočni Slaveni – 克羅埃西亞文" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Istočni Slaveni" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Արևելյան սլավոններ – 亞美尼亞文" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արևելյան սլավոններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亞美尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavia_Timur" title="Slavia Timur – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Slavia Timur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavi_orientali" title="Slavi orientali – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Slavi orientali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B4%E4%BA%BA" title="東スラヴ人 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="東スラヴ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EC%8A%AC%EB%9D%BC%EB%B8%8C%EC%A1%B1" title="동슬라브족 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동슬라브족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryt%C5%B3_slavai" title="Rytų slavai – 立陶宛文" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rytų slavai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrumsl%C4%81vi" title="Austrumslāvi – 拉脫維亞文" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Austrumslāvi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脫維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Источни Словени – 馬其頓文" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Источни Словени" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="馬其頓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oostelijke_Slaven" title="Oostelijke Slaven – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oostelijke Slaven" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98stslavere" title="Østslavere – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Østslavere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%C3%A6%D1%81%C3%A6%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B9%D0%BD%C3%A6%D0%B3%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Скæсæйнаг славяйнæгтæ – 奧塞提文" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Скæсæйнаг славяйнæгтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奧塞提文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%82owianie_wschodni" title="Słowianie wschodni – 波蘭文" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Słowianie wschodni" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eslavos_orientais" title="Eslavos orientais – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eslavos orientais" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavi_estici" title="Slavi estici – 羅馬尼亞文" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Slavi estici" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="羅馬尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Восточные славяне – 俄文" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Восточные славяне" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isto%C4%8Dni_Slaveni" title="Istočni Slaveni – 塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Istočni Slaveni" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞克羅埃西亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Slavs" title="East Slavs – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="East Slavs" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BDchodn%C3%AD_Slovania" title="Východní Slovania – 斯洛伐克文" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Východní Slovania" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Східні слов'яни – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Східні слов'яни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88" title="مشرقی سلاو – 烏都文" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مشرقی سلاو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="烏都文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Slav_%C4%90%C3%B4ng" title="Người Slav Đông – 越南文" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Slav Đông" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南文" 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="呢一版印得嘅版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>印得嘅版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 第啲維基項目 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:East_Slavs" hreflang="en"><span>維基同享</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q211052" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em;width: 22em; text-align: center; font-size: 89%; line-height: 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="fn" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold"><span class="fn org">東斯拉夫人<hr /><small><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87" title="白俄羅斯文">白俄羅斯文</a>：<span lang="be" title="白俄羅斯文文字">Усходнія славяне</span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E6%96%87" title="俄文">俄文</a>：<span lang="ru" title="俄文文字">Восточные славяне</span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87" title="烏克蘭文">烏克蘭文</a>：<span lang="uk" title="烏克蘭文文字">Східні слов'яни</span></small></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:East_Slavic_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/East_Slavic_Europe.svg/300px-East_Slavic_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/East_Slavic_Europe.svg/450px-East_Slavic_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/East_Slavic_Europe.svg/600px-East_Slavic_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a></span><div>以東斯拉夫人為主的國家</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #b0c4de;;">總人口</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">至少2.1億<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><small></small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #b0c4de;;">分佈地區</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b>多數：</b> <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="白俄羅斯">白俄羅斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD" title="烏克蘭">烏克蘭</a><br /> <b>少數：</b> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="波羅的海國家">波羅的海國家</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="保加利亞">保加利亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="中亞">中亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索">高加索</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #b0c4de;;">語言</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><b>東斯拉夫語言：</b><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%96%87" title="白俄羅斯文">白俄羅斯文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E6%96%87" title="俄文">俄文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E6%96%87" title="烏克蘭文">烏克蘭文</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #b0c4de;;">宗教信仰</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" title="東正教">東正教</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #b0c4de;;">相關種族</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">其他<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="斯拉夫人">斯拉夫人</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>東斯拉夫人</b>係<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="斯拉夫人">斯拉夫人</a>之中最大嘅分支<sup id="cite_ref-GRE1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRE1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，佢哋主要都係講東斯拉夫語言<sup id="cite_ref-GRE2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRE2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而佢哋嘅共同祖先就係嚟自<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="基輔羅斯">基輔羅斯</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-channon_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-channon-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 歷史"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>因為當時好少<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B2" title="信史">信史</a>嘅緣故，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="歷史學家">歷史學家</a>一般對於東斯拉夫人喺859年之前嘅認知非常之少，佢哋嘅資料主要都係嚟自<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%B8" title="考古學">考古學</a>同埋<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" title="語言學">語言學</a>嘅研究<sup id="cite_ref-GRE2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRE2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>相對於其他<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="民族">民族</a>，東斯拉夫人擴散嘅面積好大：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="基輔羅斯">基輔羅斯</a>喺大約公元1000年嘅面積已經係大約130萬<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%B9%E5%85%AC%E9%87%8C" title="平方公里">平方公里</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。學家推測其中一個原因係因為東斯拉夫人習慣“刀耕火種”嘅農業方法。呢個方法首先用火燒咗一個<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E6%9E%97" title="森林">森林</a>，跟住喺塊地上面種嘢。雖然呢個方法令土地非常肥沃，但係只係維持到幾年，所以啲人需要不斷咁<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%B7%E5%BE%99" title="遷徙">遷徙</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pipes_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pipes-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>到12世紀，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E8%BC%94%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="基輔羅斯">基輔羅斯</a>開始衰退，國入面嘅人口開始分散，造成咗唔同嘅<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="族群">族群</a><sup id="cite_ref-riasan61_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riasan61-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，到依家就成為咗<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="白俄羅斯人">白俄羅斯人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="俄羅斯人">俄羅斯人</a>、同埋<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA" title="烏克蘭人">烏克蘭人</a>嘅分別<sup id="cite_ref-riasan61_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-riasan61-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="睇埋"><span id=".E7.9D.87.E5.9F.8B"></span>睇埋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 睇埋"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="斯拉夫人">斯拉夫人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="泛斯拉夫主義">泛斯拉夫主義</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="攷"><span id=".E6.94.B7"></span>攷</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 攷"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2020813">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output 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.pin1ming4-b .hoi1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .hoi1-adj{margin-left:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .koen1jau6,.mw-parser-output .pin1ming4-b .saan1-adj,.mw-parser-output .syu1ming4-b .saan1-adj{margin-right:-0.4em}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b{white-space:nowrap;border-bottom:0.05em solid currentColor}.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+link+.zyun1ming4-b,.mw-parser-output .zyun1ming4-b+.zyun1ming4-b{margin-left:0.083em}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .references-small>ul>li{margin-left:3em;text-indent:-3em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/East-Slavic-languages">"East Slavic languages | Britannica"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=East+Slavic+languages+%26%23124%3B+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FEast-Slavic-languages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRE1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GRE1_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFIlya_Gavritukhin,_Vladimir_Petrukhin2015" class="citation book cs1">Ilya Gavritukhin, Vladimir Petrukhin (2015). Yury Osipov (編). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220803062631/https://bigenc.ru/ethnology/text/3625013"><i>Slavs</i></a>. Great Russian Encyclopedia (in 35 vol.) Vol. 30. pp. 388–389. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigenc.ru/ethnology/text/3625013">原著</a>喺2022-08-03歸檔.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavs&rft.pages=388-389&rft.pub=Great+Russian+Encyclopedia+%28in+35+vol.%29+Vol.+30.&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Ilya+Gavritukhin%2C+Vladimir+Petrukhin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbigenc.ru%2Fethnology%2Ftext%2F3625013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GRE2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GRE2_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GRE2_3-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFSergey_Skorvid2015" class="citation book cs1">Sergey Skorvid (2015). Yury Osipov (編). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190904000000/https://bigenc.ru/linguistics/text/3625253"><i>Slavic languages</i></a>. Great Russian Encyclopedia (in 35 vol.) Vol. 30. pp. 396–397–389. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigenc.ru/linguistics/text/3625253">原著</a>喺2019-09-04歸檔<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2022-08-22</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slavic+languages&rft.pages=396-397-389&rft.pub=Great+Russian+Encyclopedia+%28in+35+vol.%29+Vol.+30.&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Sergey+Skorvid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbigenc.ru%2Flinguistics%2Ftext%2F3625253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFPlokhy2006" class="citation book cs1">Plokhy, Serhii (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/64039/excerpt/9780521864039_excerpt.pdf"><i>The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%8D%E6%A9%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="劍橋大學">劍橋大學</a>出版社. pp. 10–15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-521-86403-9" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-521-86403-9"><bdi>978-0-521-86403-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">2010-04-27</span>搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+Slavic+Nations%3A+Premodern+Identities+in+Russia%2C+Ukraine%2C+and+Belarus&rft.pages=10-15&rft.pub=%E5%8A%8D%E6%A9%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-86403-9&rft.aulast=Plokhy&rft.aufirst=Serhii&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fassets.cambridge.org%2F97805218%2F64039%2Fexcerpt%2F9780521864039_excerpt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-channon-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-channon_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Channon & Robert Hudson, <i>Penguin Historical Atlas of Russia</i> (Penguin, 1995), p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFБ.Ц.Урланис" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Б.Ц.Урланис. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/knigi/urlanis/urlanis.pdf"><bdi lang="ru">Рост населения в Европе</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (俄文). p. 89. 原先內容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923223243/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/knigi/urlanis/urlanis.pdf">歸檔</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>喺23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 喺<span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2016搵到</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B2+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5&rft.pages=89&rft.au=%D0%91.%D0%A6.%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.demoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2Fknigi%2Furlanis%2Furlanis.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pipes-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pipes_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pipes, Richard Pipes (1995). <i>Russia Under the Old Regime</i>. New York: Penguin Books. pp. 27–28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-riasan61-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-riasan61_8-0">8.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-riasan61_8-1">8.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2190673"><cite id="CITEREFRiasanovskySteinberg2005" class="citation book cs1">Riasanovsky, Nicholas; Steinberg, Mark D. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.ca/History-Russia-Combined-Riasanovsky-Steinberg/dp/B00BTM4U4A/ref=sr_1_5?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1387442486&sr=1-5&keywords=a+history+of+russia+riasanovsky"><i>A History of Russia</i></a> (第7版). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 61, 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9B%B8%E6%9C%AC%E4%BE%86%E6%BA%90/978-0-19-515394-1" title="Special:書本來源/978-0-19-515394-1"><bdi>978-0-19-515394-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Russia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=61%2C+87&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-515394-1&rft.aulast=Riasanovsky&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Steinberg%2C+Mark+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.ca%2FHistory-Russia-Combined-Riasanovsky-Steinberg%2Fdp%2FB00BTM4U4A%2Fref%3Dsr_1_5%3Fs%3Dbooks%26ie%3DUTF8%26qid%3D1387442486%26sr%3D1-5%26keywords%3Da%2Bhistory%2Bof%2Brussia%2Briasanovsky&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    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