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has-post-thumbnail hentry category-people category-highpoint mv-content-wrapper grow-content-main" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Emperor Nerva</h1> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <div class="lwptoc lwptoc-autoWidth lwptoc-baseItems lwptoc-light lwptoc-notInherit" data-smooth-scroll="1" data-smooth-scroll-offset="24"><div class="lwptoc_i"> <div class="lwptoc_header"> <b class="lwptoc_title">Table of Contents</b> <span class="lwptoc_toggle"> <a href="#" class="lwptoc_toggle_label" data-label="hide">show</a> </span> </div> <div class="lwptoc_items" style="display:none;"> <div class="lwptoc_itemWrap"><div class="lwptoc_item"> <a href="#Life_AD_30_-_98"> <span class="lwptoc_item_label">Life: AD 30 – 98</span> </a> </div><div class="lwptoc_item"> <a href="#On_His_Way_to_Become_the_Emperor"> <span class="lwptoc_item_label">On His Way to Become the Emperor</span> </a> </div><div class="lwptoc_item"> <a href="#New_Emperor"> <span class="lwptoc_item_label">New Emperor</span> </a> </div><div class="lwptoc_item"> <a href="#Problems"> <span class="lwptoc_item_label">Problems</span> </a> </div><div class="lwptoc_item"> <a href="#On_the_Verge_of_a_Civil_War"> <span class="lwptoc_item_label">On the Verge of a Civil War</span> </a> </div><div class="lwptoc_item"> <a href="#Heir_and_Death"> <span class="lwptoc_item_label">Heir and Death</span> </a> </div><div class="lwptoc_item"> <a href="#People_also_ask"> <span class="lwptoc_item_label">People also ask:</span> </a> <div class="lwptoc_itemWrap"><div class="lwptoc_item"> <a href="#Was_Nerva_a_good_or_bad_emperor"> <span class="lwptoc_item_label">Was Nerva a good or bad emperor?</span> </a> </div><div class="lwptoc_item"> <a href="#How_did_Nerva_prevent_civil_war"> <span class="lwptoc_item_label">How did Nerva prevent civil war?</span> </a> </div><div class="lwptoc_item"> <a href="#Who_was_the_last_good_emperor_of_Rome"> <span class="lwptoc_item_label">Who was the last good emperor of Rome?</span> </a> </div><div class="lwptoc_item"> <a href="#Why_did_Nerva_lose_power"> <span class="lwptoc_item_label">Why did Nerva lose power?</span> </a> </div><div class="lwptoc_item"> <a href="#How_did_Nerva_change_Rome"> <span class="lwptoc_item_label">How did Nerva change Rome?</span> </a> </div><div class="lwptoc_item"> <a href="#What_is_the_timeline_of_Nerva"> <span class="lwptoc_item_label">What is the timeline of Nerva?</span> </a> </div></div></div></div></div> </div></div><h4 class="gb-headline gb-headline-8a83ed80 gb-headline-text"><span id="Life_AD_30_-_98">Life: AD 30 – 98</span></h4> <div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="alignright size-large is-resized"><img decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20328%20512'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Marcus Cocceius Nerva" class="wp-image-4460" width="328" height="512" title="Emperor Nerva 1" data-lazy-srcset="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Marcus-Cocceius-Nerva-655x1024.jpg 655w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Marcus-Cocceius-Nerva-192x300.jpg 192w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Marcus-Cocceius-Nerva-768x1201.jpg 768w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Marcus-Cocceius-Nerva.jpg 800w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 328px) 100vw, 328px" data-lazy-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Marcus-Cocceius-Nerva-655x1024.jpg"><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Marcus-Cocceius-Nerva-655x1024.jpg" alt="Marcus Cocceius Nerva" class="wp-image-4460" width="328" height="512" title="Emperor Nerva 1" srcset="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Marcus-Cocceius-Nerva-655x1024.jpg 655w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Marcus-Cocceius-Nerva-192x300.jpg 192w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Marcus-Cocceius-Nerva-768x1201.jpg 768w, https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Marcus-Cocceius-Nerva.jpg 800w" sizes="(max-width: 328px) 100vw, 328px"></noscript></figure></div> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Name: Marcus Cocceius Nerva</li> <li>Born on 8 November AD 30 at Narnia.</li> <li>Consul AD 71, 90, 97, 98.</li> <li>Became emperor on 18 September AD 96.</li> <li>Wives unknown. Adopted Trajan as successor October AD 97.</li> <li>Died in Rome, on 28 January AD 98.</li> </ul> <p>Marcus Cocceius Nerva was born on 8 November in Narnia, 50 miles north of Rome. He was born into the household of a wealthy lawyer whose family was well accustomed to holding high office. His great-grandfather had even been consul in 36 BC and his grandfather had been a member of emperor Tiberius’ imperial entourage. Nerva’s mother was even the great-granddaughter of <a href="https://roman-empire.net/emperors/emperor-tiberius/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Tiberius</a>. His grandfather was in the imperial entourage at the time of his birth. His aunt on his mother’s side of the family was even the great-granddaughter of Tiberius.</p> <p>When younger, he naturally followed in his father’s and grandfather’s footsteps, gaining experience by holding a series of official positions. Nerva showed great political talent in his ability to hold onto high office as emperors came and went.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><span id="On_His_Way_to_Become_the_Emperor">On His Way to Become the Emperor</span></h2> <p>In AD 65 Nero awarded Nerva special honors for his help in suppressing the conspiracy of Piso. Despite this Vespasian chose him to be his colleague as consul in AD 71, and in AD 90 yet again he was chosen as a consular colleague to an emperor, this time Domitian. Such continuous success in high office marks Nerva as a man who enjoyed respect from all sides of Roman society. However, there was a rumor that Nerva had sexually abused Domitian in his youth (as reported by the historian Suetonius).</p> <p>Nerva, much like Claudius earlier, was by all accounts most likely a reluctant emperor. He appears to especially seek out this office for himself. The historian Cassius Dio tells how Nerva, apparently in danger of being accused of treason by a paranoid Domitian, was approached by the conspirators planning the emperor’s murder. It seemed he accepted the role of successor more to save his own life than out of ambition.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><span id="New_Emperor">New Emperor</span></h2> <p>Whether the version of events is true or not, Nerva’s accession to the throne was greeted with relief by many leading figures, tired of Domitian’s tyranny.</p> <p>Already in his sixties when he came to power, he was an old man by Roman standards. He is said to have been frail and often ill, with a tendency to vomit up his food and a habit of overindulging with wine. He was a kind and amiable ruler. And he was one of the very few, perhaps even the only emperor, who could make this famous claim: ‘I have done nothing as emperor that would prevent my laying down the imperial office and returning to private life in safety.’</p> <p>The senate acclaimed emperor by the senate on 18 September AD 96, on the very same day of Domitian’s death. Domitian had been despised by the senate. Once the hated emperor was gone, popular anger vented itself on Domitian’s statues and arches which were all demolished. Domitian’s extensive network of informers was abandoned, and some of the spies were even executed. Furthermore, an amnesty was granted to those who had been banished from Rome by Domitian and their properties were restored to them. The tyrant gone there was a general sense of euphoria.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Emperor Nerva" title="Emperor Nerva 2" data-lazy-src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Silver_Denarius_of_Nerva_%28MANTIS%29.jpg"><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Silver_Denarius_of_Nerva_%28MANTIS%29.jpg" alt="Emperor Nerva" title="Emperor Nerva 2"></noscript><figcaption>emperor nerva 5</figcaption></figure> <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><span id="Problems">Problems</span></h2> <p>In fact, Nerva’s popularity among the senators earned him the title pater patriae (father of the country) at the beginning of his reign. For such honors, other emperors had to wait for years. The feeling of rediscovered liberty among Romans brought with it new problems. For an elderly Nerva had difficulty restoring order. If under Domitian, nobody had been allowed to do anything, then now under Nerva, everyone did whatever they liked.</p> <p>Nerva’s policies were largely meant to increase his popularity, but could also be seen as good government. Storehouses were built for grain, and aqueducts received much-needed repairs and maintenance. He famously took a public oath not to execute any senators, remaining true to his word, even when Senator Calpurnius Crassus was proven guilty of conspiracy against him.</p> <p>More exemptions from inheritance tax were granted and land was distributed to the poor. Nerva used much of his own wealth to help pay for the cost of such measures. Nerva may have been popular with the people and the senate, but the army still held dear the memory of Domitian, who had given them their first pay rise since emperor Augustus.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><span id="On_the_Verge_of_a_Civil_War">On the Verge of a Civil War</span></h2> <p>Alas, relations with the military reached a crisis point in the summer of AD 97. Nerva had made the mistake of replacing the praetorian prefects Secundus and Norbanus, who it was thought could not be kept in their positions after their part in the assassination of Domitian.</p> <p>Instead, Casperius Aelianus, a former supporter of Domitian (!), had been put in charge of the guards. And so the praetorian guard under its new leader mutinied against the emperor. Nerva was imprisoned in the palace and it was demanded that Petronius and Parthenius (as well as the previous prefect Secundus) be handed over to the praetorians for execution, due to their role in the murder of Domitian. Nerva bravely resisted these demands, even baring his own throat to the soldiers, that they should kill him rather than to kill Petronius and Parthenius.</p> <p>But such gestures were in vain, as the praetorians seized their helpless victims and dragged them away. Petronius met the more merciful death, being killed with a single blow of the sword. The helpless Parthenius meanwhile had his <a href="https://www.thecollector.com/brutal-death-in-the-ancient-world/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">genitals</a> cut from his body and pushed into his mouth before finally having his throat cut.</p> <p>And as though all this cruelty was not enough Nerva was actually forced to thank the praetorians in public for these executions. Though Nerva was unharmed, his authority was left in tatters by this incident. An emperor without the support of the army could not hope for a long reign.</p> <p>Though Nerva was a, if anything, a skilled politician. And he now made his most inspired move of all. As a childless emperor, his death would leave the throne vacant, unless Nerva should choose to adopt an heir. And in finding a popular heir, Nerva knew he could secure his own position.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="Emperor Nerva" title="Emperor Nerva 3" data-lazy-src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Statue_of_Roman_Emperor_Nerva%2C_Via_dei_Fori_Imperiali.jpg"><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Statue_of_Roman_Emperor_Nerva%2C_Via_dei_Fori_Imperiali.jpg" alt="Emperor Nerva" title="Emperor Nerva 3"></noscript><figcaption>emperor nerva 6</figcaption></figure> <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><span id="Heir_and_Death">Heir and Death</span></h2> <p>And so Nerva selected as his heir, the governor of Upper Germany, Marcus Ulpius Trajanus. Trajan enjoyed tremendous respect and support among the army as well as the senate and appeared to embody all that Rome sought in an emperor. With Trajan as heino one dared challenge Nerva’s position again. The official adoption took place at the end of October AD 97 with a public ceremony at the Capitol.</p> <p>Nerva’s died after a brief reign of only 16 months, on 28 January AD 98. In a fit of anger, he suddenly began sweating profusely. Soon after this, he developed a fever, and he died shortly afterward. He was by the senate. As a further sign of respect, his ashes were placed in the Mausoleum of Augustus, next to those of the Julio-Claudian emperors. Even the gods, so it seemed, were saddened at his death, as on the day of his burial there was an eclipse of the sun.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading"><span id="People_also_ask">People also ask:</span></h2> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><span id="Was_Nerva_a_good_or_bad_emperor">Was Nerva a good or bad emperor?</span></h3> <p><em>Historians believe Nerva was a wise and fair emperor. It was during Nerva’s reign that the custom of selecting the best heir to be emperor began. He is credited for the peaceful transition of power to Trajan as his successor before his death.</em></p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><span id="How_did_Nerva_prevent_civil_war">How did Nerva prevent civil war?</span></h3> <p><em>He joined the adoption immediately after the tribunicia potestas designation as consul for AD 98, both of which were to be held together so that Trajan would actually become a co-emperor. In this way, he managed to protect Rome from a possible civil war by entrusting the throne to one person.</em></p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><span id="Who_was_the_last_good_emperor_of_Rome">Who was the last good emperor of Rome?</span></h3> <p><em>The last of the Five Good Emperors, Marcus Aurelius is a reminder that despite the saying that “absolute power corrupts absolutely,” that is not always the case. At the time of his death, he was one of the most powerful people on earth.</em></p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><span id="Why_did_Nerva_lose_power">Why did Nerva lose power?</span></h3> <p><em>Although Nerva’s brief reign was marred by financial difficulties and his inability to assert his authority over the Roman army (who were still loyal to Domitian), his greatest success was his ability to ensure a peaceful transition of power after his death, thus founding the Nerva-Antonine Dynasty.</em></p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><span id="How_did_Nerva_change_Rome">How did Nerva change Rome?</span></h3> <p><em>Emperor Nerva’s role in Roman history was a stabilizing one. He prevented the outbreak of a civil war after the death of Domitian. He was also an ally to the poor of Rome and was well regarded as a fair ruler. He contributed to the construction of aqueducts, though they were not completed until after his death.</em></p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><span id="What_is_the_timeline_of_Nerva">What is the timeline of Nerva?</span></h3> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>8 Nov 35 CE. Birth.</li> <li>13 Sep 81 CE. Death of Roman Emperor Titus.</li> <li>18 Sep 96 CE – 27 Jan 98 CE. Reign of Roman Emperor Nerva.</li> <li>18 Sep 96 CE. Death of Roman Emperor Domitian.</li> <li>Oct 97 CE. Adoption of Trajan.</li> <li>28 Jan 98 CE. Death.</li> </ul> <script async data-uid="5941d8a08a" src="https://roman-empire.kit.com/5941d8a08a/index.js" data-jetpack-boost="ignore" data-no-defer="1" nowprocket></script><div class="saboxplugin-wrap" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemscope itemprop="author"><div class="saboxplugin-tab"><div class="saboxplugin-gravatar"><img decoding="async" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20100%20100'%3E%3C/svg%3E" width="100" height="100" alt="roman empire profile" itemprop="image" title="Emperor Nerva 4" data-lazy-src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/roman-empire-profile.jpg"><noscript><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://roman-empire.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/roman-empire-profile.jpg" width="100" height="100" alt="roman empire profile" itemprop="image" title="Emperor Nerva 4"></noscript></div><div class="saboxplugin-authorname"><a href="https://roman-empire.net/author/franco-cavazzi" class="vcard author" rel="author"><span class="fn">Franco Cavazzi</span></a></div><div class="saboxplugin-desc"><div itemprop="description"><p>Historian Franco Cavazzi dedicated hundreds of hours of his life to creating this website, roman-empire.net as a trove of educational material on this fascinating period of history. His work has been cited in a number of textbooks on the Roman Empire and mentioned on numerous publications such as the New York Times, PBS, The Guardian, and many more.</p> </div></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div></div><div class="rp4wp-related-posts"> <h3>Related Posts</h3> <ul> <li><div class="rp4wp-related-post-content"> <a href="https://roman-empire.net/republic/crassus">Marcus Licinius Crassus</a><p>Life: 115 - 53 BC Crassus grew up as the son of a consul and distinguished general. His career to fame and phenomenal wealth began as he started purchasing the…</p></div> </li> <li><div class="rp4wp-related-post-content"> <a href="https://roman-empire.net/decline/quintillus">Emperor Quintillus</a><p>Life: AD ? - 270 Name: Marcus Aurelius QuintillusBecame emperor in August AD 270.Died at Aquileia, ca. September AD 270. 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