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<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head> <title>MeSH Browser</title> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="Expires" content="-1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/public/css/font-awesome.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/public/css/bootstrap.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/public/css/mongoMesh.css"> <link rel="icon" type="image/jpeg" href="/public/img/meshLogo.jpg"> <base href="/"> <script> if (document.domain != "localhost") document.domain = "nlm.nih.gov"; var dcmsLinks = false, dcmsParam = dcmsLinks ? function (sep) { return sep + "dcmsLinks=true"; } : function ( ) { return "" ; }; </script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){ var _fullPath = window.location.href; var urlParams = _fullPath.slice(_fullPath.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&'); var IsOpen = "false"; if (urlParams != undefined && urlParams != null && urlParams != "") { IsOpen = urlParams[0].split("=")[1]; } if (IsOpen == "false" || IsOpen == undefined || IsOpen != "true") { w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); } })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5QZ7KJZ');</script>   <noscript><iframe sandbox src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5QZ7KJZ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" title="googletagmanager"></iframe></noscript>  <script src="/public/js/elemUtil.js"></script> <script src="/public/js/record.js" ></script> <script src="/public/js/treeDom.js" ></script> </head><body> <div> <header class="NLMheader"> <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/"> <img height="80" alt="NLM Logo" src="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/images/NLM_White.png"> </a>  </header> <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button class="navbar-toggle collapsed" type="button" aria-expanded="false" onclick="toggleCollapse('bs-example-navbar-collapse-1')"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/"> <img id="meshNavbarLogo" src="/public/img/meshLogo.jpg" alt="MeSH Logo"> </a> </div> <div id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" class="collapse navbar-collapse" aria-expanded="false"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li><a href="/" id="mainSearchButton">Search</a></li> <li><a href="/treeView">Tree View</a></li> <li><a href="/MeSHonDemand">MeSH on Demand</a> </li>  <li><a href="https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/" target="_blank">MeSH 2025</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/mbinfo.html" target="_blank">About</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshsugg.html" target="_blank">Suggestions</a> </li> <li><a href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/support/create-case/" target="_blank">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="container"> <h1>Electronic Mail <small>MeSH Descriptor Data 2024</small></h1> <ul class="nav nav-tabs"> <li id="details" class="active" onclick="switchTab([ 'details', 'detailsTabContent' ])"> <a class="fakeLink">Details</a></li> <li id="qualifiers" onclick="switchTab([ 'qualifiers', 'qualifiersTabContent' ])"> <a class="fakeLink">Qualifiers</a></li> <li id="trees" onclick="switchTab([ 'trees', 'treesTabContent' ])"> <a class="fakeLink">MeSH Tree Structures</a></li> <li id="concepts" onclick="switchTab([ 'concepts', 'conceptsTabContent' ])"> <a class="fakeLink">Concepts</a></li> </ul> <div class="tab-content"><br> <div id="detailsTabContent" class="tab-pane active"> <dl id="descriptorDetails_ElectronicMail" class="dl-horizontal"> <dt>MeSH Heading </dt> <dd>Electronic Mail</dd> <dt>Tree Number(s)</dt> <dd><a id="treeNumber_0" onclick= "switchTab([ 'trees', 'treesTabContent' ])" >L01.462.500.847.249</a></dd> <dd><a id="treeNumber_1" onclick= "switchTab([ 'trees', 'treesTabContent' ])" >L01.559.423.906.377.333</a></dd> <dt>Unique ID</dt><dd>D034742</dd> <dt>RDF Unique Identifier</dt> <dd><a href="https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D034742.html"> http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D034742 </a></dd> <span id="scopeNote"> <dt>Scope Note</dt><dd>Messages between computer users via <a href="/record/ui?ui=D003195" class="textLink_COMPUTERCOMMUNICATIONNETWORKS">COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS</a>. This feature duplicates most of the features of paper mail, such as forwarding, multiple copies, and attachments of images and other file types, but with a speed advantage. The term also refers to an individual message sent in this way.</dd> </span> <dt>Entry Term(s)</dt> <dd> E-Mail </dd><dd> Email </dd> <dt>Previous Indexing</dt> <dd>Computer Communication Networks (1995-2002)</dd> <dt>Public MeSH Note</dt><dd>2003; see COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 1996-2002; see OFFICE AUTOMATION 1987-1995</dd> <dt>History Note</dt><dd>2003; use COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 1996-2002; use OFFICE AUTOMATION 1987-1995</dd> <dt>Date Established</dt> <dd>2003/01/01</dd> <dt>Date of Entry</dt> <dd>2002/07/03</dd> <dt>Revision Date</dt> <dd>2022/07/12</dd> </dl> </div> <div id="qualifiersTabContent" class="tab-pane"> <dl class="dl-horizontal"> <br> <span id="allowableQualifiers"><dt>Allowable Qualifiers</dt><dd> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="q"> <a href="/record/ui?ui=Q000145"> classification (CL) </a></li> <li class="q"> <a href="/record/ui?ui=Q000191"> economics (EC) </a></li> <li class="q"> <a href="/record/ui?ui=Q000941"> ethics (ES) </a></li> <li class="q"> <a href="/record/ui?ui=Q000266"> history (HI) </a></li> <li class="q"> <a href="/record/ui?ui=Q000295"> instrumentation (IS) </a></li> <li class="q"> <a href="/record/ui?ui=Q000331"> legislation & jurisprudence (LJ) </a></li> <li class="q"> <a href="/record/ui?ui=Q000458"> organization & administration (OG) </a></li> <li class="q"> <a href="/record/ui?ui=Q000592"> standards (ST) </a></li> <li class="q"> <a href="/record/ui?ui=Q000706"> statistics & numerical data (SN) </a></li> <li class="q"> <a href="/record/ui?ui=Q000600"> supply & distribution (SD) </a></li> <li class="q"> <a href="/record/ui?ui=Q000639"> trends (TD) </a></li> </ul></dd></span> </dl> </div><div id="treesTabContent" class="tab-pane"> <ul class="treeItem"> <li > <a id="tree_0_node_L01" href="/record/ui?ui=D007254" ><span>Information Science [L01]</span> </a> <ul class="treeItem"> <li > <a id="tree_0_node_L01_462" href="/record/ui?ui=D000093983" ><span>Information Sources [L01.462]</span> </a> <ul class="treeItem"> <li > <a id="tree_0_node_L01_462_500" href="/record/ui?ui=D003146" ><span>Communications Media [L01.462.500]</span> </a> <ul class="treeItem"> <li > <a id="tree_0_node_L01_462_500_847" href="/record/ui?ui=D013685" ><span>Telecommunications [L01.462.500.847]</span> </a> <ul class="treeItem"> <li > <a id="tree_0_node_L01_462_500_847_125" href="/record/ui?ui=D000097103" ><span>Digital Health [L01.462.500.847.125]</span> </a> </li> <li > <a id="tree_0_node_L01_462_500_847_249" href="/record/ui?ui=D034742" ><strong>Electronic Mail [L01.462.500.847.249]</strong> </a> <ul class="treeItem"> </ul> </li> <li > <a id="tree_0_node_L01_462_500_847_500" href="/record/ui?ui=D011825" ><span>Radar [L01.462.500.847.500]</span> </a> </li> <li > <a id="tree_0_node_L01_462_500_847_514" href="/record/ui?ui=D011845" ><span>Radio [L01.462.500.847.514]</span> </a> </li> <li > <a id="tree_0_node_L01_462_500_847_550" href="/record/ui?ui=D017215" ><span>Satellite Communications [L01.462.500.847.550]</span> </a> <i id="plus_Satellite_Communications" onclick="openTree(this)" class="fa fa-plus-circle treeCollapseExpand fakeLink" > </i> <i id="minus_Satellite_Communications" onclick="closeTree(this)" class="fa fa-minus-circle treeCollapseExpand fakeLink" style="display: none"> </i> </li> <li > <a id="tree_0_node_L01_462_500_847_606" href="/record/ui?ui=D016636" ><span>Telefacsimile [L01.462.500.847.606]</span> </a> </li> <li > <a id="tree_0_node_L01_462_500_847_652" href="/record/ui?ui=D017216" ><span>Telemedicine [L01.462.500.847.652]</span> </a> <i id="plus_Telemedicine" onclick="openTree(this)" class="fa fa-plus-circle treeCollapseExpand fakeLink" > </i> <i id="minus_Telemedicine" onclick="closeTree(this)" class="fa fa-minus-circle treeCollapseExpand fakeLink" style="display: none"> </i> </li> <li > <a id="tree_0_node_L01_462_500_847_675" href="/record/ui?ui=D013686" ><span>Telemetry [L01.462.500.847.675]</span> </a> <i id="plus_Telemetry" onclick="openTree(this)" class="fa fa-plus-circle treeCollapseExpand fakeLink" > </i> <i id="minus_Telemetry" onclick="closeTree(this)" class="fa fa-minus-circle treeCollapseExpand fakeLink" style="display: none"> </i> </li> <li > <a id="tree_0_node_L01_462_500_847_698" href="/record/ui?ui=D013689" ><span>Telephone [L01.462.500.847.698]</span> </a> <i id="plus_Telephone" onclick="openTree(this)" class="fa fa-plus-circle treeCollapseExpand fakeLink" > </i> <i id="minus_Telephone" onclick="closeTree(this)" class="fa fa-minus-circle treeCollapseExpand fakeLink" style="display: none"> </i> </li> <li > <a id="tree_0_node_L01_462_500_847_823" href="/record/ui?ui=D013690" ><span>Television [L01.462.500.847.823]</span> </a> <i id="plus_Television" onclick="openTree(this)" class="fa fa-plus-circle treeCollapseExpand fakeLink" > </i> <i id="minus_Television" onclick="closeTree(this)" class="fa fa-minus-circle treeCollapseExpand fakeLink" style="display: none"> </i> </li> <li > <a id="tree_0_node_L01_462_500_847_900" href="/record/ui?ui=D049269" ><span>Videoconferencing [L01.462.500.847.900]</span> </a> <i id="plus_Videoconferencing" onclick="openTree(this)" class="fa fa-plus-circle treeCollapseExpand fakeLink" > </i> <i id="minus_Videoconferencing" onclick="closeTree(this)" class="fa fa-minus-circle treeCollapseExpand fakeLink" style="display: none"> </i> </li> <li > <a id="tree_0_node_L01_462_500_847_950" href="/record/ui?ui=D059015" ><span>Wireless Technology [L01.462.500.847.950]</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="treeItem"> <li > <a id="tree_1_node_L01" href="/record/ui?ui=D007254" ><span>Information Science [L01]</span> </a> <ul class="treeItem"> <li > <a id="tree_1_node_L01_559" href="/record/ui?ui=D007802" ><span>Language [L01.559]</span> </a> <ul class="treeItem"> <li > <a id="tree_1_node_L01_559_423" href="/record/ui?ui=D007803" ><span>Language Arts [L01.559.423]</span> </a> <ul class="treeItem"> <li > <a id="tree_1_node_L01_559_423_906" href="/record/ui?ui=D014956" ><span>Writing [L01.559.423.906]</span> </a> <ul class="treeItem"> <li > <a id="tree_1_node_L01_559_423_906_377" href="/record/ui?ui=D015709" ><span>Correspondence as Topic [L01.559.423.906.377]</span> </a> <ul class="treeItem"> <li > <a id="tree_1_node_L01_559_423_906_377_333" href="/record/ui?ui=D034742" ><strong>Electronic Mail [L01.559.423.906.377.333]</strong> </a> <ul class="treeItem"> </ul> </li> <li > <a id="tree_1_node_L01_559_423_906_377_666" href="/record/ui?ui=D060145" ><span>Text Messaging [L01.559.423.906.377.666]</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="conceptsTabContent" class="tab-pane"> <button id="ExpandAll" class="btn btn-default btn-sm pull-right" onclick="toggleConcepts()"> <span id="expandConcepts" > Expand All</span> <span id="collapseConcepts" style="display: none">Collapse All</span> </button> <div> <span id="Nightwatch_cp_0_0" onclick="toggleCollapse('cp_0_0', 'Nightwatch_cp_0_0')"> <a class="fakeLink"><b> Electronic Mail <i>Preferred</i> </b></a></span> <div id="cp_0_0" class="collapse" style="display: none" aria-expanded="false"> <dl class="dl-horizontal"> <dt>Concept UI</dt><dd>M0004957</dd> <dt>Scope Note</dt><dd>Messages between computer users via <a href="/record/ui?ui=D003195" class="textLink_COMPUTERCOMMUNICATIONNETWORKS">COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS</a>. This feature duplicates most of the features of paper mail, such as forwarding, multiple copies, and attachments of images and other file types, but with a speed advantage. The term also refers to an individual message sent in this way.</dd> <dt>Terms</dt> <dd> <span id="Nightwatch_termName_0_0" onclick="toggleCollapse('termName_0_0', 'Nightwatch_termName_0_0')"> <a class="fakeLink"><b>Electronic Mail</b></a></span> <i>Preferred Term</i> <div id="termName_0_0" class="collapse" style="display: none" aria-expanded="false"> <b class="conceptsTabTermHeading">Term UI</b> T009332<br> <b class="conceptsTabTermHeading">Date</b>02/02/1995<br> <b class="conceptsTabTermHeading">LexicalTag</b> NON<br> <b class="conceptsTabTermHeading">ThesaurusID</b> NLM (1996)<br> <br> </div> </dd> <dd> <span id="Nightwatch_termName_0_1" onclick="toggleCollapse('termName_0_1', 'Nightwatch_termName_0_1')"> <a class="fakeLink"><b>E-Mail</b></a></span> <div id="termName_0_1" class="collapse" style="display: none" aria-expanded="false"> <b class="conceptsTabTermHeading">Term UI</b> T009333<br> <b class="conceptsTabTermHeading">Date</b>02/02/1995<br> <b class="conceptsTabTermHeading">LexicalTag</b> NON<br> <b class="conceptsTabTermHeading">ThesaurusID</b> NLM (1996)<br> <br> </div> </dd> <dd> <span id="Nightwatch_termName_0_2" onclick="toggleCollapse('termName_0_2', 'Nightwatch_termName_0_2')"> <a class="fakeLink"><b>Email</b></a></span> <div id="termName_0_2" class="collapse" style="display: none" aria-expanded="false"> <b class="conceptsTabTermHeading">Term UI</b> T471904<br> <b class="conceptsTabTermHeading">Date</b>12/03/2001<br> <b class="conceptsTabTermHeading">LexicalTag</b> NON<br> <b class="conceptsTabTermHeading">ThesaurusID</b> NLM (2003)<br> <br> </div> </dd> </dl></div> </div> </div></div> <small class="pull-right"> page delivered in 0.158s </small> </div> <footer class="footer"> <div class="container-fluid"><div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-6"> <p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html"> Connect with NLM </a></p> <ul class="list-inline"> <li> <a title="External link: please review our privacy policy." href="https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH"> <img src="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/images/Twitter_W.svg" alt="Twitter"> </a></li> <li> <a title="External link: please review our privacy policy." href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine" ><img src="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/images/Facebook_W.svg" alt="Facebook"> </a></li> <li> <a title="External link: please review our privacy policy." href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH"> <img src="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/images/YouTube_W.svg" alt="You Tube"> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-6"> <p>National Library of Medicine<br> <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323"> 8600 Rockville Pike<br> Bethesda, MD 20894 </a> </p> </div> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-6"> <p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html"> Web Policies </a><br> <a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office"> FOIA </a><br> <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html"> HHS Vulnerability Disclosure </a></p> </div> <div class="col-md-3 col-sm-6"> <p><a href= "https://support.nlm.nih.gov?from=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/"> NLM Support Center </a><br> <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html"> Accessibility </a><br> <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html"> Careers </a></p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12"> <p class="text-center"> <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a> | <a href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a> | <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a> | <a href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a></p> </div> </div> </div></div>  <script type='text/javascript'> (function(){var g=function(e,h,f,g){ this.get=function(a){for(var a=a+"=",c=document.cookie.split(";"),b=0,e=c.length;b<e;b++){for(var d=c[b];" "==d.charAt(0);)d=d.substring(1,d.length);if(0==d.indexOf(a))return d.substring(a.length,d.length)}return null}; 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