CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/observations-research","20200928002054","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1601252454"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, width=device-width, viewport-fit=cover"> <meta name="eGMS.accessibility" content="A"/> <meta name="eGMS.subject.category" content="Climate and weather"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@metoffice"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="208580322593329"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Met Office"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/observations-research"/> <meta name="theme-color" content="#2a2a2a"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/cloud/clouds.-photo-abner-valero.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1920"/> <meta property="og:image:height" content="958"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="LR7Q3483mkrmLcJJZpzIbl48mNnTbBDVzjA3GqT3Q2M"/> <meta name="google-translate-customization" content="f8c19e614cd5ee7e-37428b41ac444aca-gd1bc91f73b6940ae-14"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20200928002054cs_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1600778361126/css/compiled/base.css" type="text/css"/> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054js_/https://cc.cdn.civiccomputing.com/9/cookieControl-9.2.1.min.js"></script> <script src="/web/20200928002054js_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/gdpr-consent/cookieControl-config.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20200928002054cs_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1600778361126/css/compiled/components/feedback-banner.css" type="text/css"/> <title>Observations research and development - Met Office</title> <meta property="og:title" content="Observations research and development"/> <meta name="title" data-type="string" class="swiftype" content="Observations research and development"/> <meta name="description" content="Developing new measurement capability and observational products for the Met Office and delivering these into operations."/> <meta property="og:description" content="Developing new measurement capability and observational products for the Met Office and delivering these into operations."/> <script src="/web/20200928002054js_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1600778361126/js/minified/advertising.min.js" type="text/x-run-after-consent"></script> <script src="/web/20200928002054js_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/data/scripts/metoffice_responsive.js" type="text/x-run-after-consent"></script> <script type="text/x-run-after-consent"> //<![CDATA[ window.metoffice.advertising.addSlotConfiguration("ad-bottom","ad-bottom",false); //]]> </script> <script type="text/x-run-after-consent"> //<![CDATA[ window.metoffice = window.metoffice || {}; window.metoffice.advertising = window.metoffice.advertising || {}; window.metoffice.advertising.addTargeting("env", "beta"); window.metoffice.advertising.addTargeting("warnings", "false"); //]]> </script> <style> /*<![CDATA[*/ .preview-block-image-870e3f75-80ca-4973-97fd-57df067e19e3 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/wind/wind-sock-in-a-windy-sky.jpg/wind-sock-in-a-windy-sky.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockXSmall'); } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { .preview-block-image-870e3f75-80ca-4973-97fd-57df067e19e3 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/wind/wind-sock-in-a-windy-sky.jpg/wind-sock-in-a-windy-sky.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockLarge'); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 960px) { .preview-block-image-870e3f75-80ca-4973-97fd-57df067e19e3 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/wind/wind-sock-in-a-windy-sky.jpg/wind-sock-in-a-windy-sky.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockSmall'); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1280px) { .preview-block-image-870e3f75-80ca-4973-97fd-57df067e19e3 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/wind/wind-sock-in-a-windy-sky.jpg/wind-sock-in-a-windy-sky.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockMedium'); } } /*]]>*/ </style> <style> /*<![CDATA[*/ .preview-block-image-ba77833c-0d78-47cb-a2fa-1ddc59f2184b { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/advice/maps-satellite-images/satellite-image-of-globe.jpg/satellite-image-of-globe.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockXSmall'); } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { .preview-block-image-ba77833c-0d78-47cb-a2fa-1ddc59f2184b { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/advice/maps-satellite-images/satellite-image-of-globe.jpg/satellite-image-of-globe.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockLarge'); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 960px) { .preview-block-image-ba77833c-0d78-47cb-a2fa-1ddc59f2184b { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/advice/maps-satellite-images/satellite-image-of-globe.jpg/satellite-image-of-globe.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockSmall'); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1280px) { .preview-block-image-ba77833c-0d78-47cb-a2fa-1ddc59f2184b { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/advice/maps-satellite-images/satellite-image-of-globe.jpg/satellite-image-of-globe.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockMedium'); } } /*]]>*/ </style> <style> /*<![CDATA[*/ .preview-block-image-cc3123d6-219c-4e7d-bc06-f4cc27c00ae9 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/rain/umbrella-with-raindrops-photo-freddie-marriage.jpg/umbrella-with-raindrops-photo-freddie-marriage.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockXSmall'); } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { .preview-block-image-cc3123d6-219c-4e7d-bc06-f4cc27c00ae9 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/rain/umbrella-with-raindrops-photo-freddie-marriage.jpg/umbrella-with-raindrops-photo-freddie-marriage.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockLarge'); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 960px) { .preview-block-image-cc3123d6-219c-4e7d-bc06-f4cc27c00ae9 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/rain/umbrella-with-raindrops-photo-freddie-marriage.jpg/umbrella-with-raindrops-photo-freddie-marriage.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockSmall'); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1280px) { .preview-block-image-cc3123d6-219c-4e7d-bc06-f4cc27c00ae9 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/rain/umbrella-with-raindrops-photo-freddie-marriage.jpg/umbrella-with-raindrops-photo-freddie-marriage.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockMedium'); } } /*]]>*/ </style> <style> /*<![CDATA[*/ .preview-block-image-fafc62e7-0f9a-4b3a-a472-cf4bf41a3671 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/advice/industry/high-moorsley-radar-lift.jpg/high-moorsley-radar-lift.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockXSmall'); } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { .preview-block-image-fafc62e7-0f9a-4b3a-a472-cf4bf41a3671 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/advice/industry/high-moorsley-radar-lift.jpg/high-moorsley-radar-lift.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockLarge'); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 960px) { .preview-block-image-fafc62e7-0f9a-4b3a-a472-cf4bf41a3671 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/advice/industry/high-moorsley-radar-lift.jpg/high-moorsley-radar-lift.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockSmall'); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1280px) { .preview-block-image-fafc62e7-0f9a-4b3a-a472-cf4bf41a3671 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/advice/industry/high-moorsley-radar-lift.jpg/high-moorsley-radar-lift.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockMedium'); } } /*]]>*/ </style> <style> /*<![CDATA[*/ .preview-block-image-6624256a-0266-4be2-8a1a-36374ad0aee0 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/rain/close-up-of-raindrops.jpg/close-up-of-raindrops.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockXSmall'); } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { .preview-block-image-6624256a-0266-4be2-8a1a-36374ad0aee0 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/rain/close-up-of-raindrops.jpg/close-up-of-raindrops.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockLarge'); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 960px) { .preview-block-image-6624256a-0266-4be2-8a1a-36374ad0aee0 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/rain/close-up-of-raindrops.jpg/close-up-of-raindrops.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockSmall'); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1280px) { .preview-block-image-6624256a-0266-4be2-8a1a-36374ad0aee0 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/rain/close-up-of-raindrops.jpg/close-up-of-raindrops.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockMedium'); } } /*]]>*/ </style> <style> /*<![CDATA[*/ .preview-block-image-57522f7c-0124-4080-b834-2a4f54e6252c { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/wind/wind-sock-in-a-windy-sky.jpg/wind-sock-in-a-windy-sky.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockXSmall'); } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { .preview-block-image-57522f7c-0124-4080-b834-2a4f54e6252c { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/wind/wind-sock-in-a-windy-sky.jpg/wind-sock-in-a-windy-sky.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockLarge'); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 960px) { .preview-block-image-57522f7c-0124-4080-b834-2a4f54e6252c { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/wind/wind-sock-in-a-windy-sky.jpg/wind-sock-in-a-windy-sky.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockSmall'); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1280px) { .preview-block-image-57522f7c-0124-4080-b834-2a4f54e6252c { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/wind/wind-sock-in-a-windy-sky.jpg/wind-sock-in-a-windy-sky.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockMedium'); } } /*]]>*/ </style> <style> /*<![CDATA[*/ .preview-block-image-ab6020a3-126d-4766-a51a-7f3086861b4f { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/rain/close-up-of-raindrops.jpg/close-up-of-raindrops.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockXSmall'); } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { .preview-block-image-ab6020a3-126d-4766-a51a-7f3086861b4f { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/rain/close-up-of-raindrops.jpg/close-up-of-raindrops.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockLarge'); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 960px) { .preview-block-image-ab6020a3-126d-4766-a51a-7f3086861b4f { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/rain/close-up-of-raindrops.jpg/close-up-of-raindrops.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockSmall'); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1280px) { .preview-block-image-ab6020a3-126d-4766-a51a-7f3086861b4f { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/rain/close-up-of-raindrops.jpg/close-up-of-raindrops.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockMedium'); } } /*]]>*/ </style> <style> /*<![CDATA[*/ .preview-block-image-5d285808-527e-45d2-ae2d-7d4bc873aad3 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/advice/industry/digital-team-working-project.jpg/digital-team-working-project.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockXSmall'); } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { .preview-block-image-5d285808-527e-45d2-ae2d-7d4bc873aad3 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/advice/industry/digital-team-working-project.jpg/digital-team-working-project.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockLarge'); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 960px) { .preview-block-image-5d285808-527e-45d2-ae2d-7d4bc873aad3 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/advice/industry/digital-team-working-project.jpg/digital-team-working-project.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockSmall'); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1280px) { .preview-block-image-5d285808-527e-45d2-ae2d-7d4bc873aad3 { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/advice/industry/digital-team-working-project.jpg/digital-team-working-project.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockMedium'); } } /*]]>*/ </style> <style> /*<![CDATA[*/ .preview-block-image-6b32a803-42b4-4fb8-8862-54b0e50a459d { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/ocean/haze-over-the-ocean.jpg/haze-over-the-ocean.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockXSmall'); } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { .preview-block-image-6b32a803-42b4-4fb8-8862-54b0e50a459d { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/ocean/haze-over-the-ocean.jpg/haze-over-the-ocean.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockLarge'); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 960px) { .preview-block-image-6b32a803-42b4-4fb8-8862-54b0e50a459d { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/ocean/haze-over-the-ocean.jpg/haze-over-the-ocean.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockSmall'); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1280px) { .preview-block-image-6b32a803-42b4-4fb8-8862-54b0e50a459d { background-image: url('/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/ocean/haze-over-the-ocean.jpg/haze-over-the-ocean.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AcontentBlockMedium'); } } /*]]>*/ </style> <script type="text/x-run-after-consent"> //<![CDATA[ window.metoffice.advertising.addSlotConfiguration("mpuOnly","mpuOnly",false); //]]> </script> <script type="text/x-run-after-consent"> //<![CDATA[ window.metoffice.advertising.addSlotConfiguration("skyRight","skyRight",false); //]]> </script> <script type="text/x-run-after-consent"> //<![CDATA[ window.metoffice.advertising.addSlotConfiguration("skyLeft","skyLeft",false); //]]> </script> <script type="text/x-run-after-consent"> //<![CDATA[ window.metoffice.advertising.addSlotConfiguration("forecastLeader","forecastLeader",false); //]]> </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/web/20200928002054cs_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1600778361126/css/compiled/article.css" type="text/css"/> <script> dataLayer = []; </script> </head> <body class="no-js user-tabbing"> <script> document.body.classList.remove("no-js"); </script> <header id="header"> <div id="skiplink-container" tabindex="0"> <a href="#content" id="skiplink" class="skiplink">Skip to main content</a> </div> <div class="upper"> <div class="upper-container container row middle-xs"> <div class="logo col-xs-8 col-lg-2"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/"><img class="mo-logo" src="/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1600778361126/images/logos/mo-green-white.svg" alt="Met Office"/></a> </div> <div class="menu-button col-xs-4 hide-lg no-js-hide"> <button id="menu-button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="lower-container">Menu</button> </div> <nav aria-label="first level" class="top-menu has-edit-button col-lg-10 show-lg hide-sm hide-xs"> <ul id="top-level-menu"> <li><a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather" data-topmenu-id="0" aria-controls="menu0">Weather & climate</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research" data-topmenu-id="1" aria-controls="menu1" aria-expanded="true">Research programmes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services" data-topmenu-id="2" aria-controls="menu2">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us" data-topmenu-id="3" aria-controls="menu3">About us</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="lower"> <div id="lower-container" class="lower-container container row middle-lg" data-nav="false" data-second-nav="false" data-search="false"> <div class="logo-container"> <div class="logo col-xs-8 col-lg-2"> <a id="menu-open-logo" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/"><span class="mo-logo">Met Office</span></a> </div> <div class="menu-button col-xs-4 hide-lg no-js-hide"> <button id="close-menu-button" type="button" value="Close" aria-controls="lower-container" aria-label="Close menu"> <span class="icon" data-type="global" data-value="close" title="Close">Close</span> </button> </div> </div> <form id="site-search-form" class="search-form col-xs-12" role="search" action="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/search" method="get"> <label for="site-search-input" class="off-screen no-js-hide">Search site</label> <input id="site-search-input" type="search" class="col-sm-11" placeholder="Search" name="query" autocomplete="off" required> <button type="submit" tabindex="-1" value="Search" title="Search" class="col-sm-1 col-lg-offset-0"> <span class="icon" data-type="global" data-value="search">Search</span> </button> <button id="close-search-button" type="button" title="Close" value="Close" class="no-js-hide"> <span class="icon" data-type="global" data-value="close">x</span> </button> </form> <div class="third-level-back col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-12 col-lg-offset-0"> <span id="third-level-back" class="row middle-xs" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Back to second level menu"> <img src="/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1600778361126/images/icons/common/chevron-right-grey.svg" alt="chevron" aria-hidden="true"> <span>Back</span> </span> </div> <nav aria-label="second level" id="secondary-nav" class="main-menu col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-11 col-lg-offset-0 no-js-show"> <div role="heading" aria-level="1" data-menu-id="0" data-toggle="false" class="menu-header hide-lg"> <a aria-describedby="menu-desc-0" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather">Weather & climate <img role="presentation" src="/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1600778361126/images/icons/common/chevron-right-green.svg" alt="chevron" class="no-js-hide"> </a> </div> <div id="menu-desc-0" class="menu-desc hide-lg"> <span>Everything you need to know about the forecast, and making the most of the weather.</span> </div> <ul id="menu0" data-submenu-id="0" data-toggle="false"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/" data-index="0">Find a forecast</a> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/warnings-and-advice" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu0Sub1" data-index="1">Warnings & advice</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Warnings & advice</div> <ul id="menu0Sub1" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/warnings-and-advice/uk-warnings" data-index="0">UK weather warnings</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/warnings-and-advice/uk-storm-centre/index" data-index="1">UK Storm Centre</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/warnings-and-advice/seasonal-advice" data-index="2">Seasonal advice</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/forecast/map" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu0Sub2" data-index="2">Maps & charts</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Maps & charts</div> <ul id="menu0Sub2" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/observation/rainfall-radar" data-index="0">Rainfall radar</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/forecast/map" data-index="1">UK weather map</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/maps-and-charts/surface-pressure" data-index="2">Surface pressure charts</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/maps-and-charts/global-map/" data-index="3">Global map (Beta)</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/climate" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu0Sub3" data-index="3">Climate</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Climate</div> <ul id="menu0Sub3" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/climate-change/what-is-climate-change" data-index="0">What is climate change?</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/climate-change/causes-of-climate-change" data-index="1">Causes of climate change</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/climate-change/effects-of-climate-change" data-index="2">Effects of climate change</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/climate/uk-climate" data-index="3">UK climate</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/climate/science" data-index="4">Climate science</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/climate-change/organisations-and-reports" data-index="5">Organisations and reports</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/specialist-forecasts" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu0Sub4" data-index="4">Specialist forecasts</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Specialist forecasts</div> <ul id="menu0Sub4" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/specialist-forecasts/coast-and-sea" data-index="0">Coast and Sea</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/specialist-forecasts/mountain" data-index="1">Mountain</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/specialist-forecasts/space-weather" data-index="2">Space Weather</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu0Sub5" data-index="5">Learn about...</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Learn about...</div> <ul id="menu0Sub5" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about/past-uk-weather-events" data-index="0">Past UK weather events</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about/weather" data-index="1">Weather</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about/how-forecasts-are-made" data-index="2">How forecasts are made</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/learn-about/met-office-for-schools" data-index="3">Met Office for Schools</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> </ul> <div role="heading" aria-level="1" data-menu-id="1" data-toggle="true" class="menu-header hide-lg"> <a aria-describedby="menu-desc-1" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research" class="selected">Research programmes <img role="presentation" src="/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1600778361126/images/icons/common/chevron-right-green.svg" alt="chevron" class="no-js-hide"> </a> </div> <div id="menu-desc-1" class="menu-desc hide-lg"> <span>The latest breakthroughs, research and news from the Met Office.</span> </div> <ul id="menu1" data-submenu-id="1" data-toggle="true"> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/approach/index" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu1Sub0" data-index="0">Our approach</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Our approach</div> <ul id="menu1Sub0" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/approach/overview" data-index="0">Overview by our Chief Scientist</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/approach/how-met-office-science-is-reviewed" data-index="1">How Met Office science is reviewed</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/approach/collaboration" data-index="2">Collaboration</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/approach/modelling-systems" data-index="3">Modelling systems</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/approach/monitoring" data-index="4">Monitoring</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/approach/our-scientists/people" data-index="5">Our scientists</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true" class="selected"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu1Sub1" data-index="1">Weather science</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Weather science</div> <ul id="menu1Sub1" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/atmospheric-dispersion" data-index="0">Atmospheric dispersion and air quality</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/data-assimilation" data-index="1">Data assimilation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/ensemble-forecasting" data-index="2">Ensemble forecasting</a> </li> <li class="selected"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/observations-research" data-index="3">Observations research and development</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/ocean-forecasting" data-index="4">Ocean forecasting</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/research-to-operations" data-index="5">Research to operations</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/satellite-applications" data-index="6">Satellite applications</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/verification-impacts-and-post-processing" data-index="7">Verification, impacts and post-processing</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/weather-science-it" data-index="8">Weather science IT</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu1Sub2" data-index="2">Climate science</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Climate science</div> <ul id="menu1Sub2" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/cryosphere-oceans" data-index="0">Climate, cryosphere and oceans</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/climate-impacts" data-index="1">Climate impacts</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/climate-monitoring/index" data-index="2">Climate monitoring and attribution</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/earth-system-science" data-index="3">Earth system science</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/seasonal-to-decadal" data-index="4">Monthly to decadal prediction</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data" data-index="5">UK climate maps and data</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/understanding-climate" data-index="6">Understanding climate change</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/applied" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu1Sub3" data-index="3">Applied science</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Applied science</div> <ul id="menu1Sub3" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/applied/aviation" data-index="0">Aviation applications</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/applied/international" data-index="1">Climate information for international development</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/applied/climate-security" data-index="2">Climate security</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/research-consulting/climate-service" data-index="3">Climate services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/applied/defence" data-index="4">Defence applications</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/applied/post-processing" data-index="5">Post-processing applications</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/applied/science-for-impacts-resilience-and-adaptation" data-index="6">Science for Impacts, Resilience and Adaptation (SIRA)</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/applied/science-health-strategy" data-index="7">Science health strategy</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/foundation" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu1Sub4" data-index="4">Foundation science</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Foundation science</div> <ul id="menu1Sub4" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/foundation/parametrizations" data-index="0">Atmospheric processes and parametrizations</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/foundation/dynamics" data-index="1">Dynamic research</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/foundation/global-modelling" data-index="2">Global modelling</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/foundation/observational-studies" data-index="3">Observation-based research</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/foundation/regional-model-evaluation-and-development/index" data-index="4">Regional model evaluation and development</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/library-and-archive" data-index="5">Library</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/news" data-index="6">News</a> </li> </ul> <div role="heading" aria-level="1" data-menu-id="2" data-toggle="false" class="menu-header hide-lg"> <a aria-describedby="menu-desc-2" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services">Services <img role="presentation" src="/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1600778361126/images/icons/common/chevron-right-green.svg" alt="chevron" class="no-js-hide"> </a> </div> <div id="menu-desc-2" class="menu-desc hide-lg"> <span>Support your business with world-leading science and technology.</span> </div> <ul id="menu2" data-submenu-id="2" data-toggle="false"> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/government" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu2Sub0" data-index="0">Government</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Government</div> <ul id="menu2Sub0" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/government/defence-and-security" data-index="0">Defence and security</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/government/devolved-administrations" data-index="1">Devolved administrations</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/government/environmental-hazard-resilience" data-index="2">Environmental Hazard and Resilience Services</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/government/international-development" data-index="3">International development</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/government/met-office-hadley-centre-climate-programme" data-index="4">MO Hadley Centre Climate Programme</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/transport" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu2Sub1" data-index="1">Transport</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Transport</div> <ul id="menu2Sub1" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/transport/aviation/commercial" data-index="0">Aviation commercial</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/transport/aviation/regulated" data-index="1">Aviation regulated</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/transport/cav" data-index="2">CAV</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/transport/marine" data-index="3">Marine</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/transport/rail" data-index="4">Rail</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/transport/road" data-index="5">Road</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu2Sub2" data-index="2">Business & industry</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Business & industry</div> <ul id="menu2Sub2" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry/agriculture" data-index="0">Agriculture</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry/construction" data-index="1">Construction</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry/energy" data-index="2">Energy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry/event-management" data-index="3">Event management</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry/legal-insurance" data-index="4">Legal and insurance</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry/media" data-index="5">Media</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry/mining" data-index="6">Mining</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry/retail" data-index="7">Retail</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/business-industry/water" data-index="8">Water</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/data" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu2Sub3" data-index="3">Data</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Data</div> <ul id="menu2Sub3" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/data" data-index="0">Weather and climate data</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/research-consulting" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu2Sub4" data-index="4">Research & consulting</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Research & consulting</div> <ul id="menu2Sub4" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/research-consulting/access-a-meteorologist" data-index="0">Access a meteorologist</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/research-consulting/climate-service" data-index="1">Climate service</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/research-consulting/international-programmes" data-index="2">International programmes</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/research-consulting/weather-climate-consultancy" data-index="3">Weather and climate consultancy</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/insights" data-index="5">Insights</a> </li> </ul> <div role="heading" aria-level="1" data-menu-id="3" data-toggle="false" class="menu-header hide-lg"> <a aria-describedby="menu-desc-3" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us">About us <img role="presentation" src="/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1600778361126/images/icons/common/chevron-right-green.svg" alt="chevron" class="no-js-hide"> </a> </div> <div id="menu-desc-3" class="menu-desc hide-lg"> <span>Who we are, what we do and organisational news.</span> </div> <ul id="menu3" data-submenu-id="3" data-toggle="false"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/who" data-index="0">Who we are</a> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/supplying-the-met-office" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu3Sub1" data-index="1">Supplying the Met Office</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Supplying the Met Office</div> <ul id="menu3Sub1" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/supplying-the-met-office/advertising/sponsorship-opportunities" data-index="0">Advertising</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/supplying-the-met-office/procurement" data-index="1">Procurement</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/press-office" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu3Sub2" data-index="2">Press Office</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Press Office</div> <ul id="menu3Sub2" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/press-office/news/weather-and-climate" data-index="0">Weather and climate news</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/press-office/news/corporate" data-index="1">Corporate news</a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://blog.metoffice.gov.uk/" data-index="2">News blog</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/press-office/media-resources/podcasts" data-index="3">Podcasts</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/press-office/contact-press-office" data-index="4">Contact the Press Office</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/careers" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu3Sub3" data-index="3">Careers</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Careers</div> <ul id="menu3Sub3" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/careers/working-here" data-index="0">Working at the Met Office</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/careers/your-career" data-index="1">Your career</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/careers/vacancies" data-index="2">Vacancies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/careers/rewards-and-benefits" data-index="3">Rewards and benefits</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/careers/equality-diversity-and-inclusion" data-index="4">Equality, diversity and inclusion</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/careers/apprentices-graduates-and-placements" data-index="5">Apprentices, graduates and placements</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> <li data-children="true"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/contact" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu3Sub4" data-index="4">Contact us</a> <nav aria-label="third level" class="third-level" data-toggle="false"> <div class="third-level-inner row"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="third-level-header col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-2 col-lg-offset-1">Contact us</div> <ul id="menu3Sub4" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-0"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/contact" data-index="0">Contact details</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/forms/website-feedback" data-index="1">Feedback form</a> </li> <li> <a class="last" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/contact/in-exeter" data-index="2">How to find us</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </li> </ul> </nav> <hr class="main-menu-divider col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 hide-lg"> <div id="nav-control" class="nav-control col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 col-lg-1 col-lg-offset-0"> <div id="nav-control-buttons" class="nav-control-buttons"> <div> <button id="settings-button" class="no-js-hide" onclick="window.metoffice.base.delayEditPreferences('dlgSettings', this)"> <span class="icon" data-type="global" data-value="settings" role="img" title="Settings"></span><span class="icon-label">Settings</span> </button> </div> <div role="search"> <a role="button" id="search-button" href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/search"> <span class="icon" role="img" data-type="global" data-value="search" title="Expand search"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="affiliate-links" class="affiliate-links col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-sm-offset-1 hide-lg"></div> </div> </div> <div class="print-header" aria-hidden="true"> <img src="/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1600778361126/images/logos/mo-logo-black.svg" alt="Met Office Logo"> </div> </header> <main id="content"> <div class="advert-container"> <div class="draggable-advert forecastLeader" id="forecastLeader"></div> </div> <div class="hero"> <img src="/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/cloud/clouds.-photo-abner-valero.jpg/clouds.-photo-abner-valero.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AheroMedium" srcset="/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/cloud/clouds.-photo-abner-valero.jpg/clouds.-photo-abner-valero.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AheroXXLarge 1920w, /web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/cloud/clouds.-photo-abner-valero.jpg/clouds.-photo-abner-valero.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AheroXLarge 1600w, /web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/cloud/clouds.-photo-abner-valero.jpg/clouds.-photo-abner-valero.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AheroLarge 1366w, /web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/cloud/clouds.-photo-abner-valero.jpg/clouds.-photo-abner-valero.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AheroMedium 1024w, /web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/cloud/clouds.-photo-abner-valero.jpg/clouds.-photo-abner-valero.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AheroSmall 768w, /web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/cloud/clouds.-photo-abner-valero.jpg/clouds.-photo-abner-valero.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AheroXSmall 640w" title="Clouds" alt="Clouds" sizes="100vw"/> </div> <div class="wrap-3-col"> <div class="wrap-3-left"> <div class="advert-container"> <div class="draggable-advert skyLeft" id="skyLeft"></div> </div> </div> <div class="wrap-3-mid"> <div class="content-container"> <article class="has-edit-button content"> <div class="article-content"> <h1 class="article-heading">Observations research and development</h1> <div class="share-line"><hr></div> <div class="row content-top"> <div class="col"> <p class="learn-article-tagline" data-swiftype-name="tagline" data-swiftype-type="text">Developing new measurement capability and observational products for the Met Office and delivering these into operations.</p> <div data-swiftype-name="body" data-swiftype-type="text"> <div class="article-body"><p>Developments occur in response to forecast and nowcast requirements or opportunities resulting from new technology. The five R&D teams are based at the Met Office and the University of Reading. They are responsible for developing and delivering improved surface instruments, weather radar systems and products, and providing detailed structure of the atmosphere through passive and active upper air measurements.</p></div> <div class="article-body"></div> </div> </div> <div class="mpu-col"> <div class="advert-container"> <div class="draggable-advert mpuOnly" id="mpuOnly"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> <section class="learn-articles-block preview-block no-print" aria-labelledby="child-articles-heading"> <h2 id="child-articles-heading">Featured</h2> <ul class="items"> <li class="preview-block-component"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/observations-research/surface-instruments" class="item"> <div class="image preview-block-image-870e3f75-80ca-4973-97fd-57df067e19e3"></div> <h3 class="title title-row-1">Surface in-situ Instruments</h3> <div class="read-more-text"> <span class="icon" data-type="preview-block" data-value="article"></span><span>Read</span> </div> </a> </li> <li class="preview-block-component"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/observations-research/remote-sensing" class="item"> <div class="image preview-block-image-ba77833c-0d78-47cb-a2fa-1ddc59f2184b"></div> <h3 class="title title-row-1">Remote upper air sensing</h3> <div class="read-more-text"> <span class="icon" data-type="preview-block" data-value="article"></span><span>Read</span> </div> </a> </li> <li class="preview-block-component"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/observations-research/radar-systems" class="item"> <div class="image preview-block-image-cc3123d6-219c-4e7d-bc06-f4cc27c00ae9"></div> <h3 class="title title-row-1">Radar systems</h3> <div class="read-more-text"> <span class="icon" data-type="preview-block" data-value="article"></span><span>Read</span> </div> </a> </li> <li class="preview-block-component"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/observations-research/radar-products" class="item"> <div class="image preview-block-image-fafc62e7-0f9a-4b3a-a472-cf4bf41a3671"></div> <h3 class="title title-row-1">Radar products</h3> <div class="read-more-text"> <span class="icon" data-type="preview-block" data-value="article"></span><span>Read</span> </div> </a> </li> <li class="preview-block-component"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/observations-research/weather-radar-network-renewal" class="item"> <div class="image preview-block-image-6624256a-0266-4be2-8a1a-36374ad0aee0"></div> <h3 class="title title-row-1">Weather radar network renewal</h3> <div class="read-more-text"> <span class="icon" data-type="preview-block" data-value="article"></span><span>Read</span> </div> </a> </li> <li class="preview-block-component"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/ewinprof" class="item"> <div class="image preview-block-image-57522f7c-0124-4080-b834-2a4f54e6252c"></div> <h3 class="title title-row-1">E-WINPROF</h3> <div class="read-more-text"> <span class="icon" data-type="preview-block" data-value="article"></span><span>Read</span> </div> </a> </li> <li class="preview-block-component"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/observations-research/raindrops-and-radar" class="item"> <div class="image preview-block-image-ab6020a3-126d-4766-a51a-7f3086861b4f"></div> <h3 class="title title-row-1">Raindrops and radar</h3> <div class="read-more-text"> <span class="icon" data-type="preview-block" data-value="article"></span><span>Read</span> </div> </a> </li> <li class="preview-block-component"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/observations-research/shaping-mobile-communications" class="item"> <div class="image preview-block-image-5d285808-527e-45d2-ae2d-7d4bc873aad3"></div> <h3 class="title title-row-1">Shaping the next generation of mobile communications</h3> <div class="read-more-text"> <span class="icon" data-type="preview-block" data-value="article"></span><span>Read</span> </div> </a> </li> <li class="preview-block-component"> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/observations-research/keeping-weather-stations-afloat" class="item"> <div class="image preview-block-image-6b32a803-42b4-4fb8-8862-54b0e50a459d"></div> <h3 class="title title-row-1">Keeping our weather stations afloat</h3> <div class="read-more-text"> <span class="icon" data-type="preview-block" data-value="article"></span><span>Read</span> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="advert-container"> <div class="draggable-advert ad-bottom" id="ad-bottom"></div> </div> <div> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wrap-3-right"> <div class="advert-container"> <div class="draggable-advert skyRight" id="skyRight"></div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div class="content-container" role="contentinfo" aria-label="feedback banner"> <section class="feedback-banner-component"> <h2 class="feedback-banner-header">Help us improve our website</h2> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/feedback">Take our short survey</a> </section></div> <footer role="contentinfo" aria-label="footer"> <div class="upper"> <div class="content-container row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-lg-2"> <img class="mo-logo" src="/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1600778361126/images/logos/mo-green-white.svg" alt="Met Office"/> </div> <div class="link-column col-xs-12 col-lg-10"> <div class="row"> <div class="left col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="has-edit-button"> <ul id="footer-1"> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://college.metoffice.gov.uk/">Met Office College</a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://library.metoffice.gov.uk/portal">National Meteorological Library & Archive</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/services/data">Data</a> </li> <li> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://wow.metoffice.gov.uk/">Weather Observations Website (WOW)</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="right col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <div class="has-edit-button"> <ul id="footer-2"> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/website/accessibility">Accessibility</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/legal/privacy">Privacy policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/legal/cookies">Cookie policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/legal">Legal</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/guide-to-emails">Email updates</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/guides/rss">RSS</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="lower"> <div class="content-container row"> <div class="app-badges col-sm-5 col-xs-12"> <a class="google-play" rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=uk.gov.metoffice.weather.android&referrer=utm_source%3DMet%2520Office%2520Desktop%2520site%2520apps%2520page"> <img src="/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1600778361126/images/app-badges/google-play-badge.svg" class="google-play-badge" alt="Get it on Google Play"> </a> <a class="app-store" rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1068146838"> <img src="/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1600778361126/images/app-badges/apple-store-badge.svg" class="apple-store-badge" alt="Download on the App Store"> </a> </div> <div class="follow-icons col-sm-5 col-xs-12 last-sm"> <ul class="horizontal-list"> <li><a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://www.facebook.com/metoffice" title="Follow us on Facebook"><span class="icon" data-type="follow-light" data-value="facebook"></span></a></li> <li><a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://twitter.com/metoffice" title="Follow us on Twitter"><span class="icon" data-type="follow-light" data-value="twitter"></span></a></li> <li><a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://www.youtube.com/user/TheMetOffice" title="Follow us on YouTube"><span class="icon" data-type="follow-light" data-value="youtube"></span></a></li> <li><a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://www.instagram.com/metoffice/" title="Follow us on Instagram"><span class="icon" data-type="follow-light" data-value="instagram"></span></a></li> <li><a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://www.snapchat.com/add/metoffice" title="Follow us on Snapchat"><span class="icon" data-type="follow-light" data-value="snapchat"></span></a></li> <li><a rel="noopener" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://www.linkedin.com/company/met-office/" title="Follow us on LinkedIn"><span class="icon" data-type="follow-light" data-value="linkedin"></span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="copyright col-sm-2 col-xs-12"> <small><a href="/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/legal#licences">漏 Crown Copyright</a></small> </div> </div> </div> <div class="print-footer"> <img src="/web/20200928002054im_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1600778361126/images/logos/mo-logo-black.svg" alt="Met Office Logo"/> <p>漏 Crown Copyright</p> </div> </footer> <div id="settings-container" data-scripts="/webfiles/1600778361126/js/minified/dialog.min.js /webfiles/1600778361126/js/minified/edit-preferences.min.js" data-styles="/webfiles/1600778361126/css/compiled/components/dialog.css"></div> <script src="/web/20200928002054js_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1600778361126/js/minified/global.min.js"></script> <script type="application/ld+json"> //<![CDATA[ { "@context": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/http://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/observations-research" }, "author": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Met Office" }, "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Met Office", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/static/images/logo/default_card_315.jpg" } }, "headline": "Observations research and development", "image": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/binaries/content/gallery/metofficegovuk/hero-images/weather/cloud/clouds.-photo-abner-valero.jpg/clouds.-photo-abner-valero.jpg/metofficegovuk%3AheroXXLarge", "description": "Developing new measurement capability and observational products for the Met Office and delivering these into operations.", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/weather/observations-research" } //]]> </script> <script>window['gtag_enable_tcf_support'] = true;</script> <noscript aria-hidden="true"> <iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054if_/https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NG48PDS&noscript=true" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ (function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l !== 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20200928002054/https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-NG48PDS'); //]]></script> <script src="/web/20200928002054js_/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/webfiles/1600778361126/js/common/run-scripts-needing-consent.js"></script> </body> </html>