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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_media_and_consumer_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_media_and_consumer_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In media and consumer products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_media_and_consumer_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Copyright_implications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copyright_implications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Copyright implications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copyright_implications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Remix</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B3" title="ريمكس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريمكس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remiks" title="Remiks – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Remiks" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Ремикс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ремикс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remix" title="Remix – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Remix" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remix" title="Remix – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Remix" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remix" title="Remix – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Remix" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remix" title="Remix – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Remix" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remiks" title="Remiks – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Remiks" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remezcla" title="Remezcla – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Remezcla" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remix" title="Remix – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Remix" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="ریمیکس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریمیکس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remix" title="Remix – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Remix" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%AF%B9%EC%8A%A4" title="리믹스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리믹스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%BD" title="Ռեմիքս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռեմիքս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remixo" title="Remixo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Remixo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padu_ulang" title="Padu ulang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Padu ulang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remix" title="Remix – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Remix" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A1" title="רמיקס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רמיקס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="რემიქსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რემიქსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remix" title="Remix – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Remix" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remiksas_(muzika)" title="Remiksas (muzika) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Remiksas (muzika)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remix" title="Remix – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Remix" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remix" title="Remix – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Remix" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remix" title="Remix – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Remix" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%9F%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9" title="リミックス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リミックス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remiks" title="Remiks – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Remiks" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remiks" title="Remiks – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Remiks" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remix" title="Remix – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Remix" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remix" title="Remix – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Remix" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Ремикс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ремикс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riorkestrimi" title="Riorkestrimi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Riorkestrimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remixing" title="Remixing – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Remixing" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remix" title="Remix – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Remix" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remiks" title="Remiks – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Remiks" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remix" title="Remix – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Remix" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remix" title="Remix – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Remix" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="రీమిక్స్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రీమిక్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="รีมิกซ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รีมิกซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remiks" title="Remiks – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Remiks" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Ремікс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ремікс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="ری مکس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ری مکس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remix" title="Remix – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Remix" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B7%B7" title="重混 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="重混" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q214272#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Media altered from its original state</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about an alternative version of a recorded work. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Remix_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Remix (disambiguation)">Remix (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Remixes_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Remixes (disambiguation)">Remixes (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/DJ_mix" title="DJ mix">DJ mix</a>.</div> <p>A <b>remix</b> (or <b>reorchestration</b>) is a piece of media which has been altered or contorted from its original state by adding, removing, or changing pieces of the item. A song, piece of artwork, book, poem, or photograph can all be remixes. The only characteristic of a remix is that it appropriates and changes other materials to create something new. </p><p>Most commonly, remixes are a <a href="/wiki/Subset" title="Subset">subset</a> of <a href="/wiki/Audio_mixing_(recorded_music)" title="Audio mixing (recorded music)">audio mixing</a> in music and song recordings. Songs may be remixed for a large variety of reasons: </p> <ul><li>to adapt or revise a song for radio or <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">nightclub</a> play</li> <li>to create a <a href="/wiki/Stereophonic_sound" title="Stereophonic sound">stereo</a> or <a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">surround sound</a> version of a song where none was previously available</li> <li>to improve the fidelity of an older song for which the original <a href="/wiki/Audio_mastering" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio mastering">master</a> has been lost or degraded</li> <li>to alter a song to suit a specific <a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">music genre</a> or <a href="/wiki/Radio_format" title="Radio format">radio format</a></li> <li>to use some of the original song's materials in a new context, allowing the original song to reach a different audience</li> <li>to alter a song for artistic purposes</li> <li>to provide additional versions of a song for use as <a href="/wiki/Bonus_track" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonus track">bonus tracks</a> or for a <a href="/wiki/B-side" class="mw-redirect" title="B-side">B-side</a>, for example, in times when a CD single might carry a total of 4 tracks</li> <li>to create a connection between a smaller artist and a more successful one, as was the case with <a href="/wiki/Fatboy_Slim" title="Fatboy Slim">Fatboy Slim</a>'s remix of "<a href="/wiki/Brimful_of_Asha" title="Brimful of Asha">Brimful of Asha</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Cornershop" title="Cornershop">Cornershop</a></li> <li>to improve the first or demo mix of the song, generally to ensure a professional product.</li> <li>to improve a song from its original state</li></ul> <p>Remixes should not be confused with edits, which usually involve shortening a final stereo master for marketing or broadcasting purposes. Another distinction should be made between a remix, which recombines audio pieces from a recording to create an altered version of a song, and a <a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">cover</a>: a re-recording of someone else's song. </p><p>While audio mixing is one of the most popular and recognized forms of remixing, this is not the only media form which is remixed in numerous examples. Literature, film, technology, and social systems can all be argued as a form of remix.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remix&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the beginnings of <a href="/wiki/Sound_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound recording">recorded sound</a> in the late 19th century, technology has enabled people to rearrange the normal listening experience. With the advent of easily editable magnetic tape in the 1940s and 1950s and the subsequent development of <a href="/wiki/Multitrack_recording" title="Multitrack recording">multitrack recording</a>, such alterations became more common. In those decades the experimental genre of <a href="/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">musique concrète</a> used tape manipulation to create sound compositions. Less artistically lofty edits produced medleys or <a href="/wiki/Novelty_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Novelty record">novelty recordings</a> of various types. </p><p>Modern remixing had its roots in the dance hall culture of late-1960s and early-1970s <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>. The fluid evolution of music that encompassed <a href="/wiki/Ska" title="Ska">ska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rocksteady" title="Rocksteady">rocksteady</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dub_music" title="Dub music">dub</a> was embraced by local music mixers who deconstructed and rebuilt <a href="/wiki/Music_track" class="mw-redirect" title="Music track">tracks</a> to suit the tastes of their audience. Producers and engineers like Ruddy Redwood, <a href="/wiki/King_Tubby" title="King Tubby">King Tubby</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lee_%22Scratch%22_Perry" title="Lee "Scratch" Perry">Lee "Scratch" Perry</a> popularized stripped-down <a href="/wiki/Instrumental" title="Instrumental">instrumental</a> mixes (which they called "versions") of reggae tunes. At first, they simply dropped the vocal <a href="/wiki/Music_track" class="mw-redirect" title="Music track">tracks</a>, but soon more sophisticated effects were created, dropping separate instrumental tracks in and out of the mix, isolating and repeating <a href="/wiki/Hook_(music)" title="Hook (music)">hooks</a>, and adding various effects like echo, <a href="/wiki/Reverberation" title="Reverberation">reverberation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delay_(audio_effect)" title="Delay (audio effect)">delay</a>. The German <a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">krautrock</a> band <a href="/wiki/Neu!" title="Neu!">Neu!</a> also used other effects on side two of their album <a href="/wiki/Neu!_2" title="Neu! 2">Neu! 2</a> by manipulating their previously released single <i><a href="/wiki/Super/Neuschnee" class="mw-redirect" title="Super/Neuschnee">Super/Neuschnee</a></i> multiple ways, utilizing playback at different turntable speeds or mangling by using a cassette recorder. </p><p>From the mid-1970s, DJs in early discothèques were performing similar tricks with <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> songs (using loops and <a href="/wiki/Tape_editing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tape editing">tape edits</a>) to get dancers on the floor and keep them there. One noteworthy figure was <a href="/wiki/Tom_Moulton" title="Tom Moulton">Tom Moulton</a> who invented the dance remix as we now know it. Though not a DJ (a popular misconception), Moulton had begun his career by making a homemade mix tape for a Fire Island dance club in the late 1960s. His tapes eventually became popular and he came to the attention of the music industry in New York City. At first, Moulton was simply called upon to improve the aesthetics of dance-oriented recordings before release ("I didn't do the remix, I did the mix"—Tom Moulton). Eventually, he moved from being a "fix it" man on pop records to specializing in remixes for the dance floor. Along the way, he invented the <a href="/wiki/Break_(music)" title="Break (music)">breakdown section</a> and the <a href="/wiki/12-inch_single" class="mw-redirect" title="12-inch single">12-inch single</a> vinyl format. <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gibbons" title="Walter Gibbons">Walter Gibbons</a> provided the dance version of the first commercial 12-inch single ("<a href="/wiki/Ten_Percent_(song)" title="Ten Percent (song)">Ten Percent</a>", by <a href="/wiki/Double_Exposure_(band)" title="Double Exposure (band)">Double Exposure</a>). Contrary to popular belief, Gibbons did not mix the record. In fact his version was a <a href="/wiki/Re-edit" title="Re-edit">re-edit</a> of the original mix. Moulton, Gibbons and their contemporaries (<a href="/wiki/Jim_Burgess_(producer)" title="Jim Burgess (producer)">Jim Burgess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tee_Scott" title="Tee Scott">Tee Scott</a>, and later <a href="/wiki/Larry_Levan" title="Larry Levan">Larry Levan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shep_Pettibone" title="Shep Pettibone">Shep Pettibone</a>) at <a href="/wiki/Salsoul_Records" title="Salsoul Records">Salsoul Records</a> proved to be the most influential group of remixers for the <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> era. The Salsoul catalog is seen (especially in the UK and Europe) as being the "canon" for the disco mixer's art form. Pettibone is among a very small number of remixers whose work successfully transitioned from the disco to the House era. (He is certainly the most high-profile remixer to do so.) His contemporaries included <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Baker_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthur Baker (musician)">Arthur Baker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Kevorkian" title="François Kevorkian">François Kevorkian</a>. </p><p>Contemporaneously to disco in the mid-1970s, the dub and disco <a href="/wiki/Remix_culture" title="Remix culture">remix cultures</a> met through Jamaican immigrants to <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>, energizing both and helping to create <a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip-hop music">hip-hop music</a>. Key figures included, <a href="/wiki/DJ_Kool_Herc" title="DJ Kool Herc">DJ Kool Herc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_Flash" title="Grandmaster Flash">Grandmaster Flash</a>. Cutting (alternating between duplicate copies of the same record) and <a href="/wiki/Scratching" title="Scratching">scratching</a> (manually moving the vinyl record beneath the turntable needle) became part of the culture, creating what <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a></i> magazine called "real-time, live-action collage." One of the first mainstream successes of this style of remix was the 1983 track <i><a href="/wiki/Rockit_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockit (song)">Rockit</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Herbie_Hancock" title="Herbie Hancock">Herbie Hancock</a>, as remixed by <a href="/wiki/Grand_Mixer_DXT" title="Grand Mixer DXT">Grand Mixer D.ST</a>. <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_McLaren" title="Malcolm McLaren">Malcolm McLaren</a> and the creative team behind <a href="/wiki/ZTT" class="mw-redirect" title="ZTT">ZTT</a> Records would feature the "cut up" style of hip hop on such records as "<a href="/wiki/Duck_Rock" title="Duck Rock">Duck Rock</a>". English duo <a href="/wiki/Coldcut" title="Coldcut">Coldcut</a>'s remix of Eric B. & Rakim's <a href="/wiki/Paid_in_Full_(Eric_B._%26_Rakim_song)" title="Paid in Full (Eric B. & Rakim song)">"Paid in Full"</a> Released in October 1987 is said to have "laid the groundwork for hip hop's entry into the UK mainstream".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dorian Lynskey of The Guardian named it a "benchmark remix" and placed it in his top ten list of remixes.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Coldcut remix "Seven Minutes of Madness" became one of the first commercially successful remixes, becoming a top fifteen hit in countries such as Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remix&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Scott_Brown_-_Elysium.ogg" title="File:Scott Brown - Elysium.ogg">Scott Brown - "Elysium" (1999)</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="30" data-mwtitle="Scott_Brown_-_Elysium.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3e/Scott_Brown_-_Elysium.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/3/3e/Scott_Brown_-_Elysium.ogg/Scott_Brown_-_Elysium.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">29 second sample from <a href="/wiki/Scott_Brown_(DJ)" title="Scott Brown (DJ)">Scott Brown</a>'s "Elysium" - original.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>Early pop remixes were fairly simple; in the 1980s, "extended mixes" of songs were released to clubs and commercial outlets on vinyl <a href="/wiki/12-inch_single" class="mw-redirect" title="12-inch single">12-inch singles</a>. These typically had a duration of six to seven minutes, and often consisted of the original song with 8 or 16 <a href="/wiki/Bar_(music)" title="Bar (music)">bars</a> of instruments inserted, often after the second chorus; some were as simplistic as two copies of the song stitched end to end. As the cost and availability of new technologies allowed, many of the bands who were involved in their own production (such as <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Magic_Orchestra" title="Yellow Magic Orchestra">Yellow Magic Orchestra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Depeche_Mode" title="Depeche Mode">Depeche Mode</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Order_(band)" title="New Order (band)">New Order</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erasure_(duo)" title="Erasure (duo)">Erasure</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Duran_Duran" title="Duran Duran">Duran Duran</a>) experimented with more intricate versions of the extended mix. <a href="/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna (entertainer)">Madonna</a> began her career writing music for dance clubs and used remixes extensively to propel her career; one of her early boyfriends was noted DJ <a href="/wiki/John_Benitez" title="John Benitez">John "Jellybean" Benitez</a>, who created several mixes of her work. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Noise" title="Art of Noise">Art of Noise</a> took the remix styles to an extreme—creating music entirely of <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">samples</a>. They were among the first popular groups to truly harness the potential that had been unleashed by the <a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">synthesizer</a>-based compositions of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic musicians</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Kraftwerk" title="Kraftwerk">Kraftwerk</a>, Yellow Magic Orchestra, <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Moroder" title="Giorgio Moroder">Giorgio Moroder</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Jarre" title="Jean-Michel Jarre">Jean-Michel Jarre</a>. Contemporaneous to Art of Noise was the seminal body of work by <a href="/wiki/Yello" title="Yello">Yello</a> (composed, arranged and mixed by <a href="/wiki/Boris_Blank_(musician)" title="Boris Blank (musician)">Boris Blank</a>). Primarily because they featured sampled and synthesized sounds, Yello and Art of Noise would produce a great deal of influential work for the next phase. Others such as <a href="/wiki/Cabaret_Voltaire_(band)" title="Cabaret Voltaire (band)">Cabaret Voltaire</a> and the aforementioned Jarre (whose <i><a href="/wiki/Zoolook" title="Zoolook">Zoolook</a></i> was an epic usage of <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">sampling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_sequencer" title="Music sequencer">sequencing</a>) were equally influential in this era. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Second_Summer_of_Love" title="Second Summer of Love">rise of dance music</a> in the late 1980s, a new form of remix was popularised, where the vocals would be kept and the instruments would be replaced, often with matching backing in the <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house music</a> idiom. <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Saunders" title="Jesse Saunders">Jesse Saunders</a>, known as The Originator of House Music, was the first producer to change the art of remixing by creating his own original music, entirely replacing the earlier track, then mixing back in the artist's original lyrics to make his remix. He introduced this technique for the first time with the <a href="/wiki/Club_Nouveau" title="Club Nouveau">Club Nouveau</a> song "It's a Cold, Cold World", in May 1988. Another clear example of this approach is <a href="/wiki/Roberta_Flack" title="Roberta Flack">Roberta Flack</a>'s 1989 ballad "Uh-Uh Ooh-Ooh Look Out (Here It Comes)", which Chicago House great Steve "Silk" Hurley dramatically reworked into a boisterous floor-filler by stripping away all the instrumental <a href="/wiki/Music_track" class="mw-redirect" title="Music track">tracks</a> and substituting a minimalist, sequenced "<a href="/wiki/Music_track" class="mw-redirect" title="Music track">track</a>" to underpin her vocal delivery, remixed for the UK release which reached No1 pop by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Harris_(musician)" title="Simon Harris (musician)">Simon Harris</a>. The art of the remix gradually evolved, and soon more <a href="/w/index.php?title=Avant-garde_musicians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avant-garde musicians (page does not exist)">avant-garde artists</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Aphex_Twin" title="Aphex Twin">Aphex Twin</a> were creating more experimental remixes of songs (relying on the groundwork of Cabaret Voltaire and the others), which varied radically from their original sound and were not guided by pragmatic considerations such as sales or "danceability", but were created for "art's sake". </p><p>In the 1990s, with the rise of powerful home computers with audio capabilities came the <a href="/wiki/Mashup_(music)" title="Mashup (music)">mash-up</a>, an unsolicited, unofficial (and often legally dubious) remix created by "underground remixers" who edit two or more recordings (often of wildly different songs) together. <a href="/wiki/Girl_Talk_(musician)" title="Girl Talk (musician)">Girl Talk</a> is perhaps the most famous of this movement, creating albums using sounds entirely from other music and cutting it into his own. Underground mixing is more difficult than the typical official remix because clean copies of separated <a href="/wiki/Music_track" class="mw-redirect" title="Music track">tracks</a> such as vocals or individual instruments are usually not available to the public. Some artists (such as <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rk" title="Björk">Björk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nine_Inch_Nails" title="Nine Inch Nails">Nine Inch Nails</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Public_Enemy_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Enemy (band)">Public Enemy</a>) embraced this trend and outspokenly sanctioned fan remixing of their work; there was once a web site which hosted hundreds of unofficial remixes of Björk's songs, all made using only various officially sanctioned mixes. Other artists, such as <a href="/wiki/Erasure_(duo)" title="Erasure (duo)">Erasure</a>, have included remix software in their officially released singles, enabling almost infinite permutations of remixes by users. The band has also presided over remix competitions for their releases, selecting their favourite fan-created remix to appear on later official releases. </p><p>Remixing has become prevalent in heavily synthesized electronic and experimental music circles. Many of the people who create cutting-edge music in such genres as <a href="/wiki/Synthpop" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthpop">synthpop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aggrotech" class="mw-redirect" title="Aggrotech">aggrotech</a> are solo artists or pairs. They will often use remixers to help them with skills or equipment that they do not have. Artists such as <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>-based Delobbo, <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>-based <a href="/wiki/LehtMoJoe" title="LehtMoJoe">LehtMoJoe</a>, and Russian DJ Ram, who has worked with <a href="/wiki/T.A.T.u." title="T.A.T.u.">t.A.T.u.</a>, are sought out for their remixing skill and have impressive lists of contributions. It is not uncommon for industrial bands to release albums that have remixes as half of the songs. Indeed, there have been popular singles that have been expanded to an entire album of remixes by other well-known artists. </p><p>Some industrial groups allow, and often encourage, their fans to remix their music, notably <a href="/wiki/Nine_Inch_Nails" title="Nine Inch Nails">Nine Inch Nails</a>, whose website contains a list of downloadable songs that can be remixed using <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>'s <a href="/wiki/GarageBand" title="GarageBand">GarageBand</a> software. Some artists have started releasing their songs in the <a href="/wiki/U-MYX" title="U-MYX">U-MYX</a> format, which allows buyers to mix songs and share them on the U-MYX website. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_music">In popular music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remix&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In popular music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madonna_-_The_Celebration_Tour_live_London14_10_2023_(53270974497).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Madonna_-_The_Celebration_Tour_live_London14_10_2023_%2853270974497%29.jpg/170px-Madonna_-_The_Celebration_Tour_live_London14_10_2023_%2853270974497%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Madonna_-_The_Celebration_Tour_live_London14_10_2023_%2853270974497%29.jpg/255px-Madonna_-_The_Celebration_Tour_live_London14_10_2023_%2853270974497%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Madonna_-_The_Celebration_Tour_live_London14_10_2023_%2853270974497%29.jpg/340px-Madonna_-_The_Celebration_Tour_live_London14_10_2023_%2853270974497%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>According to the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> is the most remixed act.<sup id="cite_ref-GWRBD_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GWRBD-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her remix album <i><a href="/wiki/You_Can_Dance" title="You Can Dance">You Can Dance</a></i> is credited with helping popularize remix albums releases.<sup id="cite_ref-Jon_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jon-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Recent technology allows for easier remixing, leading to a rise in its use in the music industry.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can be done legally, but there have been numerous disputes over rights to <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">samples</a> used in remixed songs. Many famous artists have been involved in remix disputes. In 2015, <a href="/wiki/Jay-Z" title="Jay-Z">Jay-Z</a> went to trial over a dispute about his use of a sample from "Khosara Khosara", a composition by Egyptian composer Baligh Hamdy in his song "<a href="/wiki/Big_Pimpin%27" title="Big Pimpin'">Big Pimpin'</a>". Osama Fahmy, a nephew of Hamdy, argued that while Jay-Z had the "economic rights" to use the song, he did not have the "moral rights".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1988, <a href="/wiki/Sin%C3%A9ad_O%27Connor" title="Sinéad O'Connor">Sinéad O'Connor</a>'s art-rock song "I Want Your (Hands on Me)" was remixed to emphasize the urban appeal of the composition (the original contains a tight, grinding bassline and a rhythm guitar not entirely unlike Chic's work). In 1989, <a href="/wiki/The_Cure" title="The Cure">the Cure</a>'s "Pictures of You" was remixed turning "the music on its head, twisted the beat completely, but at the same time left the essential heart of the song intact."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Remixes have become the norm in contemporary <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance music</a>, giving one song the ability to appeal across many different musical genres or dance venues. Such remixes often include "featured" artists, adding new vocalists or musicians to the original mix. The remix is also widely used in <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop and rap music</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">R&B</a> remix usually has the same music as the original song but has added or altered verses that are rapped or sung by the featured artists. It usually contains some if not all of the original verses of the song however they may be arranged in a different order than they originally were. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MariahGMA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/MariahGMA.jpg/170px-MariahGMA.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/MariahGMA.jpg/255px-MariahGMA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/MariahGMA.jpg/340px-MariahGMA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1469" /></a><figcaption>Carey helped popularize having a rapper as a featured act through her post-1995 songs with her remix of "<a href="/wiki/Fantasy_(Mariah_Carey_song)" title="Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)">Fantasy</a>" featuring <a href="/wiki/Ol%27_Dirty_Bastard" title="Ol' Dirty Bastard">Ol' Dirty Bastard</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> became one of the first mainstream artists who re-recorded vocals for a dancefloor version, and by 1993 most of her major dance and urban-targeted versions had been re-sung, e.g. "<a href="/wiki/Dreamlover_(song)" title="Dreamlover (song)">Dreamlover</a>". Some artists would contribute new or additional vocals for the different versions of their songs. These versions were not technically remixes, as entirely new productions of the material were undertaken (the songs were "re-cut", usually from the ground up). Carey worked with producer <a href="/wiki/Sean_Combs" title="Sean Combs">Puff Daddy</a> to create the official <a href="/wiki/Bad_Boy_Records" title="Bad Boy Records">Bad Boy</a> remix of "Fantasy".<sup id="cite_ref-nickson3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nickson3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bad Boy remix features background vocals by Puff Daddy and rapping by Ol' Dirty Bastard, the latter being of concern to Columbia who feared the sudden change in style would affect sales negatively.<sup id="cite_ref-shapiro2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shapiro2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the song's R&B elements were removed for the remix, while the bassline and "<a href="/wiki/Genius_of_Love" title="Genius of Love">Genius of Love</a>" sample were emphasized and the bridge from the original version was used as the chorus.<sup id="cite_ref-nickson3_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nickson3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a version omitting Ol' Dirty Bastard's verses.<sup id="cite_ref-nickson3_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nickson3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Bad Boy Fantasy Remix", combines the chorus from the original version and the chorus of the Bad Boy Remix together, removing Ol' Dirty Bastard's vocals from his second verse.<sup id="cite_ref-nickson3_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nickson3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carey re-recorded vocals for club remixes of the song by <a href="/wiki/David_Morales" title="David Morales">David Morales</a>, titled "Daydream Interlude (Fantasy Sweet Dub Mix)".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENickson1998149_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENickson1998149-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bad Boy remix garnered positive reviews from music critics. "Fantasy" exemplified how a music sample could be transformed "into a fully realized pop masterpiece".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The song and its remix arguably remains as one of Carey's most important singles to date. Due to the song's commercial success, Carey helped popularize rapper as a featured act through her post-1995 songs.<sup id="cite_ref-new_yorker_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new_yorker-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sasha Frere-Jones, editor of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i> commented in referencing to the song's remix: "It became standard for R&B/hip-hop stars like <a href="/wiki/Missy_Elliott" title="Missy Elliott">Missy Elliott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a>, to combine melodies with rapped verses. And young white pop stars—including <a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a>, <a href="/wiki/%27N_Sync" class="mw-redirect" title="'N Sync">'N Sync</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a>—have spent much of the past ten years making pop music that is unmistakably R&B."<sup id="cite_ref-new_yorker_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new_yorker-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, Jones concludes that "Her idea of pairing a female songbird with the leading male <a href="/wiki/Emcees" class="mw-redirect" title="Emcees">MCs</a> of hip-hop changed R&B and, eventually, all of pop. Although now anyone is free to use this idea, the success of "Mimi" [ref. to <i>The Emancipation of Mimi</i>, her tenth studio album released almost a decade after "Fantasy"] suggests that it still belongs to Carey."<sup id="cite_ref-new_yorker_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new_yorker-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Norris_(MTV_News_reporter)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Norris (MTV News reporter)">John Norris</a> of MTV News has stated that the remix was "responsible for, I would argue, an entire wave of music that we've seen since and that is the R&B-hip-hop collaboration. You could argue that the 'Fantasy' remix was the single most important recording that she's ever made." Norris echoed the sentiments of <a href="/wiki/TLC_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="TLC (band)">TLC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Lopes" title="Lisa Lopes">Lisa Lopes</a>, who told MTV that it's because of Mariah that we have "<a href="/wiki/Hip-pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip-pop">hip-pop</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Judnick Mayard, writer of <i>TheFader</i>, wrote that in regarding of R&B and hip hop collaboration, "The champion of this movement is Mariah Carey."<sup id="cite_ref-thefader.com_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thefader.com-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mayard also expressed that "To this day <a href="/wiki/Ol%27_Dirty_Bastard" title="Ol' Dirty Bastard">ODB</a> and Mariah may still be the best and most random hip hop collaboration of all time", citing that due to the record "Fantasy", "R&B and Hip Hop were the best of step siblings."<sup id="cite_ref-thefader.com_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thefader.com-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1998 film <i><a href="/wiki/Rush_Hour_(1998_film)" title="Rush Hour (1998 film)">Rush Hour</a></i>, Soo Yong is singing the song while it plays on the car radio, shortly before her kidnapping. In 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Experimental_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Experimental metal">experimental metal</a> band <a href="/wiki/Iwrestledabearonce" title="Iwrestledabearonce">Iwrestledabearonce</a> used the song at the beginning and end of the video "You Know That Ain't Them Dogs' Real Voices". Indie artist <a href="/wiki/Grimes_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grimes (musician)">Grimes</a> has called "Fantasy" one of her favorite songs of all-time and has said Mariah is the reason there is a Grimes.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JessicaSimpsonMay10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/JessicaSimpsonMay10.jpg/220px-JessicaSimpsonMay10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/JessicaSimpsonMay10.jpg/330px-JessicaSimpsonMay10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/JessicaSimpsonMay10.jpg/440px-JessicaSimpsonMay10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1215" data-file-height="1818" /></a><figcaption>Jessica Simpson's "<a href="/wiki/Irresistible_(Jessica_Simpson_song)" title="Irresistible (Jessica Simpson song)">Irresistible</a>" (So So Def Remix) featuring <a href="/wiki/Bow_Wow_(rapper)" title="Bow Wow (rapper)">Lil' Bow Wow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jermaine_Dupri" title="Jermaine Dupri">Jermaine Dupri</a> had an incredible impact in 2001.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/M.C._Lyte" class="mw-redirect" title="M.C. Lyte">M.C. Lyte</a> was asked to provide a "guest rap", and a new tradition was born in pop music. <a href="/wiki/George_Michael" title="George Michael">George Michael</a> would feature three artistically differentiated arrangements of "<a href="/wiki/I_Want_Your_Sex" title="I Want Your Sex">I Want Your Sex</a>" in 1987, highlighting the potential of "serial productions" of a piece to find markets and expand the tastes of listeners. In 1995, after doing "<a href="/wiki/California_Love" title="California Love">California Love</a>", which proved to be his best selling single ever, <a href="/wiki/Tupac_Shakur" title="Tupac Shakur">Tupac Shakur</a> would do its remix with <a href="/wiki/Dr._Dre" title="Dr. Dre">Dr. Dre</a> again featured, who originally wanted it for his next album, but relented to let it be on the album <i><a href="/wiki/All_Eyez_on_Me" title="All Eyez on Me">All Eyez on Me</a></i> instead. This also included the reappearance of <a href="/wiki/Roger_Troutman" title="Roger Troutman">Roger Troutman</a>, also from the original, but he ended the remix with an ad-lib on the outro. <a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a>'s song "<a href="/wiki/Heartbreaker_(Mariah_Carey_song)" title="Heartbreaker (Mariah Carey song)">Heartbreaker</a>" was remixed, containing lyrical interpolations and an instrumental sample from "<a href="/wiki/Ain%27t_No_Fun_(If_the_Homies_Can%27t_Have_None)" title="Ain't No Fun (If the Homies Can't Have None)">Ain't No Fun (If the Homies Can't Have None)</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Snoop_Dogg" title="Snoop Dogg">Snoop Dogg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MTV_News_2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MTV_News_2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A separate music video was filmed for the remix, shot in black and white and featuring a cameo appearance by Snoop. In 2001, <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Simpson" title="Jessica Simpson">Jessica Simpson</a> released an urban remix of her song "<a href="/wiki/Irresistible_(Jessica_Simpson_song)" title="Irresistible (Jessica Simpson song)">Irresistible</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-baltimore_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baltimore-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> featuring rappers <a href="/wiki/Bow_Wow_(rapper)" title="Bow Wow (rapper)">Lil' Bow Wow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jermaine_Dupri" title="Jermaine Dupri">Jermaine Dupri</a>, who also produced the track.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It samples the <a href="/wiki/Kool_%26_the_Gang" title="Kool & the Gang">Kool & the Gang</a>'s song "<a href="/wiki/Jungle_Boogie" title="Jungle Boogie">Jungle Boogie</a>" (1973) and "<a href="/wiki/Why_You_Treat_Me_So_Bad" title="Why You Treat Me So Bad">Why You Treat Me So Bad</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Club_Nouveau" title="Club Nouveau">Club Nouveau</a> (1987).<sup id="cite_ref-slant_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slant-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melanie_Chisholm_byte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Melanie_Chisholm_byte.jpg/220px-Melanie_Chisholm_byte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Melanie_Chisholm_byte.jpg/330px-Melanie_Chisholm_byte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Melanie_Chisholm_byte.jpg/440px-Melanie_Chisholm_byte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption>The main single of "<a href="/wiki/I_Turn_to_You_(Melanie_C_song)" title="I Turn to You (Melanie C song)">I Turn to You</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Melanie_C" title="Melanie C">Melanie C</a> was released as the "Hex Hector Radio Mix", for which <a href="/wiki/Hex_Hector" title="Hex Hector">Hex Hector</a> won the 2001 <a href="/wiki/Grammy" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy">Grammy</a> as <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Remixer_of_the_Year,_Non-Classical" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Remixer of the Year, Non-Classical">Remixer of the Year</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Released on July 12, 1999, "<a href="/wiki/Always_You_(Jennifer_Paige_song)" title="Always You (Jennifer Paige song)">Always You</a>" remix by <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Paige" title="Jennifer Paige">Jennifer Paige</a>, reached number six on the <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Hot_Dance_Club_Songs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot Dance Club Songs">Dance/Club Play</a> chart.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main single of "<a href="/wiki/I_Turn_to_You_(Melanie_C_song)" title="I Turn to You (Melanie C song)">I Turn to You</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Melanie_C" title="Melanie C">Melanie C</a> was released as the "Hex Hector Radio Mix", for which <a href="/wiki/Hex_Hector" title="Hex Hector">Hex Hector</a> won the 2001 <a href="/wiki/Grammy" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy">Grammy</a> as <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Remixer_of_the_Year,_Non-Classical" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Remixer of the Year, Non-Classical">Remixer of the Year</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another well-known example is <a href="/wiki/R._Kelly" title="R. Kelly">R. Kelly</a>, who recorded two different versions of "<a href="/wiki/Ignition_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignition (song)">Ignition</a>" for his 2003 album <i><a href="/wiki/Chocolate_Factory" title="Chocolate Factory">Chocolate Factory</a></i>. The song is unique in that it segues from the end of the original to the beginning of the remixed version (accompanied by the line "Now usually I don't do this, but uh, go ahead on, break em' off with a little preview of the remix."). In addition, the original version's beginning line "You remind me of something/I just can't think of what it is" is actually <a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">sampled</a> from an older Kelly song, "<a href="/wiki/You_Remind_Me_of_Something" title="You Remind Me of Something">You Remind Me of Something</a>". Kelly later revealed that he actually wrote "Ignition (remix)" before the purported original version of "Ignition", and created the purported original so that the chorus lyric in his alleged remix would make sense.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Madonna's <i><a href="/wiki/I%27m_Breathless" title="I'm Breathless">I'm Breathless</a></i> featured a remix of "<a href="/wiki/Now_I%27m_Following_You" class="mw-redirect" title="Now I'm Following You">Now I'm Following You</a>" that was used to segue from the original to "<a href="/wiki/Vogue_(Madonna_song)" title="Vogue (Madonna song)">Vogue</a>" so that the latter could be added to the set without jarring the listener. </p><p>In 2015, EDM artist <a href="/wiki/Deadmau5" title="Deadmau5">Deadmau5</a>, who worked with Jay-Z's Roc Nation, tried to sue his former manager for remixing his songs without permission, claiming that he gave his manager the go-ahead to use his work for some remixes, but not others. Deadmau5 wanted reimbursement for the remixes his manager made after they had severed ties, because he claimed it was his "moral right" to turn these future remixing opportunities away if he had wanted to. The two parties reached an agreement in 2016 that kept <a href="/wiki/Play_Records" title="Play Records">Play Records</a> from making any new remixes.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/50_Cent" title="50 Cent">50 Cent</a> tried to sue rapper <a href="/wiki/Rick_Ross" title="Rick Ross">Rick Ross</a> in October 2018 for remixing his "<a href="/wiki/In_da_Club" title="In da Club">In da Club</a>" beat, due to their publicized feud. However, a judge threw out the lawsuit claiming that 50 Cent did not have copyright on the beat, but rather it belonged to Shady/Aftermath Records.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many hip-hop remixes arose either from the need for a pop/R&B singer to add more of an urban, rap edge to one of their slower songs, or from a rapper's desire to gain more pop appeal by collaborating with an R&B singer. Remixes can boost popularity of the original versions of songs. </p><p>Thanks to a combination of guest raps, re-sung or altered lyrics and alternative backing tracks, some hip-hop remixes can end up being almost entirely different songs from the originals. An example is the remix of "<a href="/wiki/Ain%27t_It_Funny" title="Ain't It Funny">Ain't It Funny</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Lopez" title="Jennifer Lopez">Jennifer Lopez</a>, which has little in common with the original recording apart from the title. </p><p>Slow <a href="/wiki/Sentimental_ballad" title="Sentimental ballad">ballads</a> and R&B songs can be remixed by <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a> producers and DJs in order to give the song appeal to the <a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">club</a> scene and to <a href="/wiki/Mainstream_urban" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainstream urban">urban</a> radio. Conversely, a more uptempo number can be mellowed to give it "<a href="/wiki/Quiet_storm" title="Quiet storm">quiet storm</a>" appeal. <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Knuckles" title="Frankie Knuckles">Frankie Knuckles</a> saddled both markets with his Def Classic Mixes, often slowing the tempo slightly as he removed ornamental elements to soften the "attack" of a dancefloor filler. These remixes proved hugely influential, notably <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Stansfield" title="Lisa Stansfield">Lisa Stansfield</a>'s classic single "<a href="/wiki/Change_(Lisa_Stansfield_song)" title="Change (Lisa Stansfield song)">Change</a>" would be aired by urban radio in the Knuckles version, which had been provided as an alternative to the original mix by Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, the record's producers. In the age of social media, anybody can make and upload a remix. The most popular apps for doing this are <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a> and <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Broader_context">Broader context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remix&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Broader context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A remix may also refer to a non-linear re-interpretation of a given work or media other than audio such as a hybridizing process combining fragments of various works. The process of combining and re-contextualizing will often produce unique results independent of the intentions and vision of the original designer/artist. Thus the concept of a remix can be applied to visual or video arts, and even things farther afield. <a href="/wiki/Mark_Z._Danielewski" title="Mark Z. Danielewski">Mark Z. Danielewski</a>'s disjointed novel <i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Leaves" title="House of Leaves">House of Leaves</a></i> has been compared by some to the remix concept. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_literature">In literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remix&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cut-up_technique" title="Cut-up technique">Cut-up technique</a></div> <p>A remix in literature is an alternative version of a text. <a href="/wiki/William_Burroughs" class="mw-redirect" title="William Burroughs">William Burroughs</a> used the <a href="/wiki/Cut-up_technique" title="Cut-up technique">cut-up technique</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Brion_Gysin" title="Brion Gysin">Brion Gysin</a> to remix language in the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various textual sources (including his own) would be cut literally into pieces with scissors, rearranged on a page, and pasted to form new sentences, new ideas, new stories, and new ways of thinking about words. </p><p>"The Soft Machine" (1961) is a famous example of an early novel by Burroughs based on the cut-up technique. Remixing of literature and language is also apparent in <i>Pixel Juice</i> (2000) by <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Noon" title="Jeff Noon">Jeff Noon</a> who later explained using different methods for this process with <i>Cobralingus</i> (2001). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_art">In art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remix&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Remix&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A remix in art often takes multiple perspectives upon the same theme. An artist takes an original work of art and adds their own take on the piece creating something completely different while still leaving traces of the original work. It is essentially a reworked abstraction of the original work while still holding remnants of the original piece while still letting the true meanings of the original piece shine through. Famous examples include <i><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Diptych" title="Marilyn Diptych">The Marilyn Diptych</a></i> by Andy Warhol (modifies colors and styles of one image), and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Weeping_Woman" title="The Weeping Woman">The Weeping Woman</a></i> by Pablo Picasso, (merges various angles of perspective into one view). Some of Picasso's other famous paintings also incorporate parts of his life, such as his love affairs, into his paintings. For example, his painting <i>Les Trois Danseuses</i>, or <i>The Three Dancers</i>, is about a love triangle. </p><p>Other types of remixes in art are <a href="/wiki/Parody" title="Parody">parodies</a>. A parody in contemporary usage, is a work created to mock, comment on, or make fun at an original work, its subject, author, style, or some other target, by means of humorous, satiric or ironic imitation. They can be found all throughout art and culture from literature to animation. Famous song parody artists include <i><a href="/wiki/%22Weird_Al%22_Yankovic" title=""Weird Al" Yankovic">"Weird Al" Yankovic</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Allan_Sherman" title="Allan Sherman">Allan Sherman</a></i>. Several current television shows are filled with parodies, such as <a href="/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Family_Guy" title="Family Guy">Family Guy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a>. </p><p>The internet has allowed for art to be remixed quite easily, as evidenced by sites like memgenerator.net (provides pictorial template upon which any words may be written by various anonymous users), and Dan Walsh's Garfieldminusgarfield.net<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(removes the main character from various original strips by Garfield creator Jim Davis). </p><p>"A feminist remix is a creative resistance and cultural production that talks back to patriarchy by reworking patriarchal hierarchical systems privileging men.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples include Barbara Kruger's <i>You are not yourself</i> (1982), <i>We are not what we seem</i> (1988), and <i>Your body is a battleground</i> (1989) <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Kruger" title="Barbara Kruger">Barbara Kruger</a>, Orlan's (1994) <i>Self-Hybridizations</i> <a href="/wiki/Orlan" title="Orlan">Orlan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evelin_Stermitz" title="Evelin Stermitz">Evelin Stermitz</a>'s remix, <i>Women at War</i> (2010), and <i>Distaff</i> [Ain't I Redux] (2008) by artist Sian Amoy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_media_and_consumer_products">In media and consumer products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remix&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In media and consumer products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In recent years the concept of the remix has been applied analogously to other <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">media</a> and products. In 2001, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> television program <i><a href="/wiki/Jaaaaam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaaaaam">Jaaaaam</a></i> was produced as a remix of the sketches from the <a href="/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">comedy</a> show <i>Jam</i>. In 2003 <a href="/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company" title="The Coca-Cola Company">The Coca-Cola Company</a> released a new version of their <a href="/wiki/Soft_drink" title="Soft drink">soft drink</a> <a href="/wiki/Sprite_(soft_drink)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sprite (soft drink)">Sprite</a> with <a href="/wiki/Tropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical">tropical</a> flavors under the name <a href="/wiki/Sprite_Remix" title="Sprite Remix">Sprite Remix</a>. </p><p>In 1995, <a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a> released <i>Virtua Fighter Remix</i> (バーチャファイター　リミックス/Bāchafaitā rimikkusu) as an update to, just months after the <i>Virtua Fighter</i> release on the Sega Saturn. </p><p><i>Virtua Fighter</i> had been released on the Saturn in a less-than-impressive state. Sega had attempted to make an accurate port of the Sega Model 1 arcade version, and therefore chose to use untextured models and the soundtrack from the arcade machine. However, as the Saturn was incapable of rendering as many polygons on screen as Model 1 hardware, characters looked noticeably worse. Many claim it to be even worse than the Sega 32X version, thanks to the added CD loading time. </p><p><i>Virtua Fighter Remix</i> was created to address many of these flaws. Models have a slightly higher polygon count (though still less than the Model 1 version); they are also texture-mapped, leading to a much more modern-looking game that could effectively compete with the PlayStation. The game also allows players to use the original flat-shaded models. </p><p>In the west, a CG Portrait Collection Disc was also included in the Saturn bundle. North American owners would get <i>Virtua Fighter Remix</i> for free if they registered their Saturns, while Japanese customers would later receive a SegaNet compatible version. Sega would also bring Virtua Fighter Remix to Sega Titan Video arcade hardware.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Copyright_implications">Copyright implications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remix&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Copyright implications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because remixes may borrow heavily from an existing piece of music (possibly more than one), the issue of intellectual property becomes a concern. The most important question is whether a remixer is free to redistribute his or her work, or whether the remix falls under the category of a <a href="/wiki/Derivative_work" title="Derivative work">derivative work</a> according to, for example, United States copyright law. Of note are open questions concerning the legality of visual works, like the art form of <a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">collage</a>, which can be plagued with licensing issues. </p><p>There are two obvious extremes with regard to derivative works. If the song is substantively dissimilar in form (for example, it might only borrow a motif which is modified, and be completely different in all other respects), then it may not necessarily be a derivative work (depending on how heavily modified the melody and chord progressions were). On the other hand, if the remixer only changes a few things (for example, the instrument and tempo), then it is clearly a derivative work and subject to the copyrights of the original work's copyright holder. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> is a non-profit organization that allows the sharing and use of creativity and knowledge through free legal tools and explicitly aims for enabling a <a href="/wiki/Remix_culture" title="Remix culture">Remix culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-remixbook_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-remixbook-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They created a website that allows artists to share their work with other users, giving them the ability to share, use, or build upon their work, under the <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons license</a>. The artist can limit the copyright to specific users for specific purposes, while protecting the users and the artist.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exclusive rights of the copyright owner over acts such as reproduction/copying, communication, adaptation and performance – unless licensed openly – by their very nature reduce the ability to negotiate copyright material without permission.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remixes will inevitably encounter legal problems when the whole or a substantial part of the original material has been reproduced, copied, communicated, adapted or performed – unless a permission has been given in advance through a voluntary open content license like a Creative Commons license, there is fair dealing involved (the scope of which is extraordinarily narrow), a statutory license exists, or permission has been sought and obtained from the copyright owner. Generally, the courts consider what will amount to a substantial part by reference to its quality, as opposed to quantity and the importance the part taken bears in relation to the work as whole.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are proposed theories of reform regarding the copyright law and remixes. Nicolas Suzor believes that copyright law should be reformed in such a manner as to allow certain reuses of copyright material without the permission of the copyright owner where those derivatives are highly transformative and do not impact upon the primary market of the copyright owner. There certainly appears to be a strong argument that non commercial derivatives, which do not compete with the market for the original material, should be afforded some defense to copyright actions.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanford Law">Stanford Law</a> professor <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a> believes that for the first time in history creativity by default is subject to regulation because of two architectural features. First, cultural objects or products created digitally can be easily copied, and secondly, the default copyright law requires the permission of the owner. The result is that one needs the permission of the copyright owner to engage in mashups or acts of remixing. Lessig believes that the key to mashups and remix is "education – not about framing or law – but rather what you can do with technology, and then the law will catch up".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He believes that trade associations – like mashup guilds – that survey practices and publish reports to establish norm or reasonable behaviours in the context of the community would be useful in establishing fair use parameters. Lessig also believes that Creative Commons and other licences, such as the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_Licence" class="mw-redirect" title="GNU General Public Licence">GNU General Public Licence</a> are important mechanisms which mashup and remix artists can use to mitigate the impact of copyright law.<sup id="cite_ref-remixbook_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-remixbook-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lessig laid out his ideas in a book called <a href="/wiki/Remix_(book)" title="Remix (book)">"Remix"</a> which is itself free to remix under a <a href="/wiki/CC_BY-NC" class="mw-redirect" title="CC BY-NC">CC BY-NC</a> <a href="/wiki/Creative_commons_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Creative commons license">license</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Fair_Use" class="mw-redirect" title="Fair Use">Fair Use</a> agreement allows users to use copyrighted materials without asking the permission of the original creator (section 107 of the federal copyright law). Within this agreement, the copyrighted material that is borrowed must be used under specific government regulations. Material borrowed falls under fair use depending on the amount of original content used, the nature of the content, the purpose of the borrowed content, and the effect the borrowed content has on an audience. Unfortunately, there are no distinct lines between copyright infringement and abiding by fair use regulations while producing a remix.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, if the work that is distributed by the remixer is an entirely new and transformative work that is not for profit, copyright laws are not breached<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. The key word in such considerations is transformative, as the remix product must have been either sufficiently altered or clearly used for a sufficiently different purpose for it to be safe from copyright violation. </p><p>In 2012, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Copyright_Modernization_Act" title="Copyright Modernization Act">Copyright Modernization Act</a> explicitly added a new exemption which allows non-commercial remixing.<sup id="cite_ref-WIPO2015_4_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WIPO2015_4-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, the US court ruling <i><a href="/wiki/Lenz_v._Universal_Music_Corp." title="Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.">Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.</a></i> acknowledged that amateur remixing might fall under fair use and copyright holders are requested to check and respect <a href="/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">fair use</a> before doing <a href="/wiki/DMCA_take_down_notice" class="mw-redirect" title="DMCA take down notice">DMCA take down notices</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WIPO2015_3_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WIPO2015_3-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2015, a <a href="/wiki/WIPO" class="mw-redirect" title="WIPO">WIPO</a> article named <i>"Remix Culture and Amateur Creativity: A Copyright Dilemma"</i><sup id="cite_ref-WIPO2015_3_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WIPO2015_3-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> acknowledged the "age of remixing" and the need for a <a href="/wiki/Copyright_reform_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Copyright reform movement">copyright reform</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remix&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assemblage_(composition)" title="Assemblage (composition)">Assemblage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_mixing" title="Audio mixing">Audio mixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Remixers" title="Category:Remixers">Category:Remixers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ccmixter" class="mw-redirect" title="Ccmixter">Ccmixter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">Cover version</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">Electronic dance music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashup_(music)" title="Mashup (music)">Mashup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multitrack_recording" title="Multitrack recording">Multitracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_montage" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical montage">Musical montage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plunderphonics" title="Plunderphonics">Plunderphonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_collage" title="Sound collage">Sound collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WhoSampled" title="WhoSampled">WhoSampled</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remix&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Everything is a Remix <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.everythingisaremix.info/">http://www.everythingisaremix.info/</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHerrington2019" class="citation web cs1">Herrington, Tony (15 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://909originals.com/2019/07/15/this-is-a-journey-into-sound-the-sample-that-made-hip-hop-history/#:~:text=According%20to%20writer%20Tony%20Herrington,entry%20into%20the%20UK%20mainstream'.">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"This is a journey into sound…" The sample that made hip hop history"</a>. <i>909Originals</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=909Originals&rft.atitle=%22This+is+a+journey+into+sound%E2%80%A6%22+The+sample+that+made+hip+hop+history&rft.date=2019-07-15&rft.aulast=Herrington&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F909originals.com%2F2019%2F07%2F15%2Fthis-is-a-journey-into-sound-the-sample-that-made-hip-hop-history%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DAccording%2520to%2520writer%2520Tony%2520Herrington%2Centry%2520into%2520the%2520UK%2520mainstream%27.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li 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Kelly"</a>. 20 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Confessions+of+R.+Kelly&rft.date=2016-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gq.com%2Fstory%2Fr-kelly-confessions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/deadmau5-sues-remixes-mashups-834630">"Deadmau5 Sues Over Remixes and Mashups"</a>. <i>The Hollywood Reporter</i>. 26 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Deadmau5+Sues+Over+Remixes+and+Mashups&rft.date=2015-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fthr-esq%2Fdeadmau5-sues-remixes-mashups-834630&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exclaim.ca/music/article/deadmau5_reaches_settlement_with_play_records_over_unauthorized_remixes">"Deadmau5 Reaches Settlement with Play Records over Unauthorized Remixes"</a>. <i>exclaim.ca</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=exclaim.ca&rft.atitle=Deadmau5+Reaches+Settlement+with+Play+Records+over+Unauthorized+Remixes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexclaim.ca%2Fmusic%2Farticle%2Fdeadmau5_reaches_settlement_with_play_records_over_unauthorized_remixes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOctober_04PM" class="citation web cs1">October 04, Robert Storace; PM, 2018 at 06:20. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.com/ctlawtribune/2018/10/04/federal-judge-tosses-rapper-50-cents-in-da-club-remix-suit-appeal-expected/">"Federal Judge Tosses Rapper 50 Cent's 'In Da Club' Remix Suit, Appeal Expected"</a>. <i>Connecticut Law Tribune</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Connecticut+Law+Tribune&rft.atitle=Federal+Judge+Tosses+Rapper+50+Cent%27s+%27In+Da+Club%27+Remix+Suit%2C+Appeal+Expected&rft.aulast=October+04&rft.aufirst=Robert+Storace&rft.au=PM%2C+2018+at+06%3A20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.com%2Fctlawtribune%2F2018%2F10%2F04%2Ffederal-judge-tosses-rapper-50-cents-in-da-club-remix-suit-appeal-expected%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemix" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Interviewed by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Paris_Review" title="The Paris Review">The Paris Review</a></i>, Burroughs explained the following: "A friend, Brion Gysin, an American poet and painter, who has lived in Europe for thirty years, was, as far as I know, the first to create cut-ups. His cut-up poem, <i>Minutes to Go</i>, was broadcast by the BBC and later published in a pamphlet. I was in Paris in the summer of 1960; this was after the publication there of <i>Naked Lunch</i>. I became interested in the possibilities of this technique, and I began experimenting myself. Of course, when you think of it, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Waste_Land" title="The Waste Land">The Waste Land</a></i> was the first great cut-up collage, and <a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tristan Tzara</a> had done a bit along the same lines. <a href="/wiki/Dos_Passos" class="mw-redirect" title="Dos Passos">Dos Passos</a> used the same idea in 'The Camera Eye' sequences in <i><a href="/wiki/U.S.A._trilogy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.A. trilogy">USA</a></i>. I felt I had been working toward the same goal; thus it was a major revelation to me when I actually saw it being done." Cf. Knickerbocker, Conrad, Williams S. Burroughs, 'The Paris Review Interview with William S. Burroughs' in <i>A Williams Burroughs Reader</i>, ed. John Calder (London: Picador, 1982), p. 263.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://garfieldminusgarfield.net/?og=1">"garfield minus garfield"</a>. <i>garfieldminusgarfield.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=garfieldminusgarfield.net&rft.atitle=garfield+minus+garfield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgarfieldminusgarfield.net%2F%3Fog%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeifer-BoydLiao2018" class="citation book cs1">Keifer-Boyd, Karen; Liao, Christen (2018). <i>Feminism. In Keywords in Remix Studies</i>. New York:NY: Routledge. pp. 147–157.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminism.+In+Keywords+in+Remix+Studies.&rft.place=New+York%3ANY&rft.pages=147-157&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Keifer-Boyd&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.au=Liao%2C+Christen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://segaretro.org/Virtua_Fighter_Remix">"Virtua Fighter Remix"</a>. <i>Sega Retro</i>. 29 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sega+Retro&rft.atitle=Virtua+Fighter+Remix&rft.date=2021-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsegaretro.org%2FVirtua_Fighter_Remix&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-remixbook-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-remixbook_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-remixbook_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLessig2008" class="citation book cs1">Lessig, Lawrence (2008). <i>Remix</i>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Penguin Press">Penguin Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remix&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Lessig&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/about/">"What we do"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+we+do&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcreativecommons.org%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) ss 31": 85–88.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Copyright+Act+1968+%28Cth%29+ss+31&rft.pages=85-88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemix" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mashups, Remix, and Copyright Law</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicolas_Suzor2006" class="citation journal cs1">Nicolas Suzor (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100505064546/http://nic.suzor.com/publications/">"Transformative Use of Copyright Material"</a>. <i>LLM Thesis</i>. <a href="/wiki/Queensland_University_of_Technology" title="Queensland University of Technology">Queensland University of Technology</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nic.suzor.com/publications">the original</a> on 2010-05-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LLM+Thesis&rft.atitle=Transformative+Use+of+Copyright+Material&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Nicolas+Suzor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnic.suzor.com%2Fpublications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.qut.edu.au/4239/1/4239.pdf">"Mashups, Remix, and Copyright Law"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mashups%2C+Remix%2C+and+Copyright+Law&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.qut.edu.au%2F4239%2F1%2F4239.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2009/05/download-lessigs-remix-then-remix-it/">Download Lessig's Remix, Then Remix It</a> on <a href="/wiki/Wired.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Wired.com">wired.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100425054011/http://www.bloomsburyacademic.com/remix.htm">remix</a> on <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloomsbury Academic">Bloomsbury Academic</a> (2008, archived)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071220093741/http://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html">"Fair Use"</a>. <i>U.S. Copyright Office</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.copyright.gov/fls/fl102.html">the original</a> on 20 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Copyright+Office&rft.atitle=Fair+Use&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.copyright.gov%2Ffls%2Ffl102.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WIPO2015_4-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WIPO2015_4_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRostama2015" class="citation web cs1">Rostama, Guilda (June 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2015/03/article_0006.html">"Remix Culture and Amateur Creativity: A Copyright Dilemma"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WIPO" class="mw-redirect" title="WIPO">WIPO</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-14</span></span>. <q>Canada is one of a few countries, if not the only one, to have introduced into its copyright law a new exception for non-commercial user-generated content. Article 29 of Canada's Copyright Modernization Act (2012) states that there is no infringement if: (i) the use is done solely for non-commercial purpose; (ii) the original source is mentioned; (iii) the individual has reasonable ground to believe that he or she is not infringing copyright; and (iv) the remix does not have a "substantial adverse effect" on the exploitation of the existing work.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remix+Culture+and+Amateur+Creativity%3A+A+Copyright+Dilemma&rft.pub=WIPO&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft.aulast=Rostama&rft.aufirst=Guilda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fwipo_magazine%2Fen%2F2015%2F03%2Farticle_0006.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WIPO2015_3-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WIPO2015_3_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WIPO2015_3_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRostama2015" class="citation web cs1">Rostama, Guilda (June 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2015/03/article_0006.html">"Remix Culture and Amateur Creativity: A Copyright Dilemma"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WIPO" class="mw-redirect" title="WIPO">WIPO</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-14</span></span>. <q>in 2013 a district court ruled that copyright owners do not have the right to simply take down content before undertaking a legal analysis to determine whether the remixed work could fall under fair use, a concept in US copyright law which permits limited use of copyrighted material without the need to obtain the right holder's permission (US District Court, Stephanie Lenz v. Universal Music Corp., Universal Music Publishing Inc., and Universal Music Publishing Group, Case No. 5:07-cv-03783-JF, January 24, 2013).[...] Given the emergence of today's "remix" culture, and the legal uncertainty surrounding remixes and mash-ups, the time would appear to be ripe for policy makers to take a new look at copyright law.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remix+Culture+and+Amateur+Creativity%3A+A+Copyright+Dilemma&rft.pub=WIPO&rft.date=2015-06-01&rft.aulast=Rostama&rft.aufirst=Guilda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fwipo_magazine%2Fen%2F2015%2F03%2Farticle_0006.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remix&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/remix" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/remix"><i>remix</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Music production</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Engineering</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_filter" title="Audio filter">Audio filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastering_(audio)" title="Mastering (audio)">Audio mastering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_mixing_(recorded_music)" title="Audio mixing (recorded music)">Audio mixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_distance" title="Critical distance">Critical distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_loop" title="Effects loop">Effects loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_unit" title="Effects unit">Effects unit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Talk_box" title="Talk box">Talk box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wah-wah_pedal" title="Wah-wah pedal">Wah-wah pedal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffusion_(acoustics)" title="Diffusion (acoustics)">Diffusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">Microphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overdubbing" title="Overdubbing">Overdubbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping-pong_recording" title="Ping-pong recording">Ping-ponging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_in/out" title="Punch in/out">Punch in/out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound recording">Sound recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_loop" title="Tape loop">Tape loop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Audio_signal_processing" title="Audio signal processing">Signal <br /> processing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_time_stretching_and_pitch_scaling" title="Audio time stretching and pitch scaling">Pitch shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto-Tune" title="Auto-Tune">Auto-Tune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorus_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorus effect">Chorus effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_range_compression" title="Dynamic range compression">Compression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delay_(audio_effect)" title="Delay (audio effect)">Delay effect</a> (<a href="/wiki/Send_tape_echo_echo_delay" title="Send tape echo echo delay">STEED</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distortion_(music)" title="Distortion (music)">Distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_tracking" title="Double tracking">Double tracking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automatic_double_tracking" title="Automatic double tracking">ADT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducking" title="Ducking">Ducking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equalization_(audio)" title="Equalization (audio)">Equalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exciter_(effect)" title="Exciter (effect)">Exciter effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanging" title="Flanging">Flanging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octave_effect" title="Octave effect">Octave effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_gate" title="Noise gate">Noise gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaser_(effect)" title="Phaser (effect)">Phaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumping_(audio)" title="Pumping (audio)">Pumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverb_effect" title="Reverb effect">Reverb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_echo" title="Reverse echo">Reverse echo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Practices</li><li><br />aesthetics</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_production" title="Hip hop production">Hip hop production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo-fi_music" title="Lo-fi music">Lo-fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overproduction_(music)" title="Overproduction (music)">Overproduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_studio_as_an_instrument" title="Recording studio as an instrument">Recording studio as an instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">Sampling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">Turntablism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenochrony" title="Xenochrony">Xenochrony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Roles</li><li><br /> professions</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">Arranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Audio engineer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backup_band" title="Backup band">Backup band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandleader" title="Bandleader">Bandleader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DJ" class="mw-redirect" title="DJ">DJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostwriter#Music" title="Ghostwriter">Ghostwriters in music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_section" title="Horn section">Horn section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestrator" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchestrator">Orchestrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Record producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_musician" title="Session musician">Session musician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backup_singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Backup singer">Backup singer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost singer">Ghost singer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_coach" title="Vocal coach">Vocal coach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Click_track" title="Click track">Click track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpolation_(popular_music)" title="Interpolation (popular music)">Interpolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudness_war" title="Loudness war">Loudness war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashup_(music)" title="Mashup (music)">Mashup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medley_(music)" title="Medley (music)">Medley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_technology_(electric)" title="Music technology (electric)">Music technology (electric)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_technology_(electronic_and_digital)" title="Music technology (electronic and digital)">Music technology (electronic and digital)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Remix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/16px-45_record.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/24px-45_record.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/45_record.png/32px-45_record.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Record_production" title="Portal:Record production">Record production portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="DJing_and_turntablism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:DJing" title="Template:DJing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:DJing" title="Template talk:DJing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:DJing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:DJing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="DJing_and_turntablism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">DJing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">turntablism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CDJ" title="CDJ">CDJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DJ_mixer" title="DJ mixer">DJ mixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DJ_software" class="mw-redirect" title="DJ software">DJ software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">Drum machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_unit" title="Effects unit">Effects unit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverb" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverb">Reverb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_delay" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital delay">Digital delay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headphones" title="Headphones">Headphones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_cartridge" title="Magnetic cartridge">Magnetic cartridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixing_console" title="Mixing console">Mixing console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldback_(sound_engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foldback (sound engineering)">Monitor speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phono_input" title="Phono input">Phono input</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PA_system" class="mw-redirect" title="PA system">PA system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">Record player</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct-drive_turntable" title="Direct-drive turntable">Direct-drive turntable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SL-1200" class="mw-redirect" title="SL-1200">SL-1200</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laptop" title="Laptop">Laptop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">Microphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Beaulieau" title="Emil Beaulieau">Minutoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foldback_(sound_engineering)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foldback (sound engineering)">Monitor speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_control" title="Pitch control">Pitch control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampler_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sampler (music)">Sampler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slipmat" title="Slipmat">Slipmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_system_(DJ)" title="Sound system (DJ)">Sound system (DJ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_system_(Jamaican)" title="Sound system (Jamaican)">Sound system (Jamaican)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_enclosure" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker enclosure">Speaker enclosure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subwoofer" title="Subwoofer">Subwoofer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">Synthesizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_turntables_and_a_microphone" title="Two turntables and a microphone">Two turntables and a microphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_emulation_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyl emulation software">Vinyl emulation software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_mixing_(live_audio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio mixing (live audio)">Audio mixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_spinning" title="Back spinning">Back spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_juggling" title="Beat juggling">Beat juggling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatmatching" title="Beatmatching">Beatmatching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatmixing" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatmixing">Beatmixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_(music)" title="Break (music)">Break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_and_screwed" title="Chopped and screwed">Chopped and screwed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopping_(sampling_technique)" title="Chopping (sampling technique)">Chopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">Covered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cue_(audio)" title="Cue (audio)">Cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_(music)" title="Cut (music)">Cut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_(music)" title="Drop (music)">Drop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_mixing" title="Harmonic mixing">Harmonic mixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpolation_(popular_music)" title="Interpolation (popular music)">Interpolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashup_(music)" title="Mashup (music)">Mashup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medley_(music)" title="Medley (music)">Medley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_loop" class="mw-redirect" title="Music loop">Music loop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needle_drop_(DJing)" title="Needle drop (DJing)">Needle drop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrasing_(DJ)" title="Phrasing (DJ)">Phrasing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Remix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">Sampling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratching" title="Scratching">Scratching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip-cueing" title="Slip-cueing">Slip-cueing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_cue" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitch cue">Pitch cue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice-tracking" title="Voice-tracking">Voice-tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_scratching" title="Video scratching">Video scratching</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scratches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbit_(scratch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbit (scratch)">Orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tear_(scratch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tear (scratch)">Tear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transform_(scratch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transform (scratch)">Transform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flare_(scratch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flare (scratch)">Flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirp_(scratch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chirp (scratch)">Chirp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_(scratch)" title="Crab (scratch)">Crab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Releases and distribution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DJ_mix" title="DJ mix">DJ mix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_records" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle records">Battle records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_groove" title="Rare groove">Rare groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_pool" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital pool">Digital pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remix_service" title="Remix service">Remix service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixtape" title="Mixtape">Mixtape</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Controllerism" title="Controllerism">Controllerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_production" title="Hip hop production">Hip hop production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rave" title="Rave">Rave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_collecting" title="Record collecting">Record collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Record producer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Appropriation_in_the_arts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFCC99;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Appropriation_in_the_arts" title="Template:Appropriation in the arts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Appropriation_in_the_arts" title="Template talk:Appropriation in the arts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Appropriation_in_the_arts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Appropriation in the arts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Appropriation_in_the_arts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation</a> in the arts</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99;;width:1%">By field</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99; font-weight:normal;;width:10.5em">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bootleg_recording" title="Bootleg recording">Bootleg recording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_and_screwed" title="Chopped and screwed">Chopped and screwed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrafact" title="Contrafact">Contrafact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_contrafacts" title="List of jazz contrafacts">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrafactum" title="Contrafactum">Contrafactum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">Cover version</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DJ_mix" title="DJ mix">DJ mix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpolation_(popular_music)" title="Interpolation (popular music)">Interpolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medley_(music)" title="Medley (music)">Medley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashup_(music)" title="Mashup (music)">Music mashup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_plagiarism" title="Music plagiarism">Music plagiarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_quotation" title="Musical quotation">Musical quotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightcore" title="Nightcore">Nightcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_music" title="Parody music">Parody music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasticcio" title="Pasticcio">Pasticcio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plunderphonics" title="Plunderphonics">Plunderphonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potpourri_(music)" title="Potpourri (music)">Potpourri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quodlibet" title="Quodlibet">Quodlibet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Remix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddim" title="Riddim">Riddim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">Sampling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_collage" title="Sound collage">Sound collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_(music)" title="Standard (music)">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribute_act" title="Tribute act">Tribute act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trope_(music)" title="Trope (music)">Trope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variation_(music)" title="Variation (music)">Variation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave">Vaporwave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99; font-weight:normal;;width:10.5em">Literature / theatre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assemblage_(composition)" title="Assemblage (composition)">Assemblage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut-up_technique" title="Cut-up technique">Cut-up technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flarf_poetry" title="Flarf poetry">Flarf poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_poetry" title="Found poetry">Found poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">Jukebox musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trope_(literature)" title="Trope (literature)">Trope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbatim_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Verbatim theatre">Verbatim theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99; font-weight:normal;;width:10.5em"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Visual arts</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combine_painting" title="Combine painting">Combine painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_mosaic" title="Photographic mosaic">Photographic mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readymades_of_Marcel_Duchamp" title="Readymades of Marcel Duchamp">Readymades of Marcel Duchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swipe_(comics)" title="Swipe (comics)">Swipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;background:#FFCC99; font-weight:normal;">By source material</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mona_Lisa_replicas_and_reinterpretations" title="Mona Lisa replicas and reinterpretations">Mona Lisa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replicas_of_Michelangelo%27s_David" title="Replicas of Michelangelo's David">Michelangelo's <i>David</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replicas_of_Michelangelo%27s_Piet%C3%A0" title="Replicas of Michelangelo's Pietà">Michelangelo's <i>Pietà</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replicas_of_the_Statue_of_Liberty" title="Replicas of the Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99; font-weight:normal;;width:10.5em">Cinema / television / video</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abridged_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Abridged series">Abridged series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anime_music_video" title="Anime music video">Anime music video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage_film" title="Collage film">Collage film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(appropriation)" title="Found footage (appropriation)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literal_music_video" title="Literal music video">Literal music video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Re-cut_trailer" title="Re-cut trailer">Re-cut trailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remake" title="Remake">Remake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shot-for-shot" title="Shot-for-shot">Shot-for-shot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercut" title="Supercut">Supercut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_format" title="TV format">TV format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidding" title="Vidding">Vidding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashup_(video)" title="Mashup (video)">Video mashup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube_poop" title="YouTube poop">YouTube poop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99; font-weight:normal;;width:10.5em">Other arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In-joke" title="In-joke">In-joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">Internet meme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joke_theft" title="Joke theft">Joke theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_advertisement" title="Parody advertisement">Parody advertisement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">Revivalism (architecture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_modding" title="Video game modding">Video game modding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99;;width:1%">General <br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99; font-weight:normal;;width:10.5em"><a href="/wiki/Intertextuality" title="Intertextuality">Intertextual figures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allusion" title="Allusion">Allusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calque" title="Calque">Calque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody" title="Parody">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastiche" title="Pastiche">Pastiche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plagiarism" title="Plagiarism">Plagiarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quotation" title="Quotation">Quotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation" title="Translation">Translation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99; font-weight:normal;;width:10.5em"><a href="/wiki/Adaptation_(arts)" title="Adaptation (arts)">Adaptation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_adaptation" title="Film adaptation">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_adaptation" title="Literary adaptation">Literary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatrical_adaptation" title="Theatrical adaptation">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99; font-weight:normal;;width:10.5em">Other concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/After_(art)" title="After (art)">After (art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assemblage_(art)" title="Assemblage (art)">Assemblage (art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bricolage" title="Bricolage">Bricolage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citation" title="Citation">Citation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9tournement" title="Détournement">Détournement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_object" title="Found object">Found object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homage_(arts)" title="Homage (arts)">Homage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imitation_(art)" title="Imitation (art)">Imitation in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashup_(culture)" title="Mashup (culture)">Mashup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reprise" title="Reprise">Reprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_criticism#Source_criticism_in_the_arts" title="Source criticism">Source criticism in the arts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related artistic<br />concepts</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aesthetic_interpretation" title="Aesthetic interpretation">Aesthetic interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">Anti-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archetypal_literary_criticism" title="Archetypal literary criticism">Archetypal literary criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_inspiration" title="Artistic inspiration">Artistic inspiration</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_the_Author" title="The Death of the Author">The Death of the Author</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_inspiration" title="Divine inspiration">Divine inspiration</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Afflatus" title="Afflatus">Afflatus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genius_(literature)" title="Genius (literature)">Genius (literature)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muses" title="Muses">Muses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_labor" title="Fan labor">Fan labor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fan_fiction" title="Fan fiction">Fan fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">Genre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genre_studies" title="Genre studies">Genre studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Originality" title="Originality">Originality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulacrum" title="Simulacrum">Simulacrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_canon" title="Western canon">Western canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Standard blocks<br />and forms</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archetype" title="Archetype">Archetype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_fiction" title="Formula fiction">Formula fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genre_fiction" title="Genre fiction">Genre fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_standard" title="Jazz standard">Jazz standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plot_device" title="Plot device">Plot device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_character" title="Stock character">Stock character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_structure" title="Story structure">Story structure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Epoch-marking<br />works</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/L.H.O.O.Q." title="L.H.O.O.Q.">L.H.O.O.Q.</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1919)</span></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Pierre_Menard,_Author_of_the_Quixote" title="Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote">Pierre Menard, Author of the <i>Quixote</i></a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1939)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reality_Hunger" title="Reality Hunger">Reality Hunger: A Manifesto</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99;;width:1%">Theorization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Copia:_Foundations_of_the_Abundant_Style" title="Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style">De Copia Rerum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diegesis" title="Diegesis">Diegesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysian_imitatio" title="Dionysian imitatio">Dionysian <i>imitatio</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimesis" title="Mimesis">Mimesis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Winckelmann#Critical_response_and_influence" title="Johann Joachim Winckelmann">Nachahmung</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palimpsests:_Literature_in_the_Second_Degree" title="Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree">Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pictures_Generation" title="The Pictures Generation">The Pictures Generation</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_formalism" title="Russian formalism">Russian formalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFCC99;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related non-<br />artistic concepts</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_dishonesty" title="Academic dishonesty">Academic dishonesty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(sociology)" title="Appropriation (sociology)">Appropriation in sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articulation_(sociology)" title="Articulation (sociology)">Articulation in sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_appropriation" title="Cultural appropriation">Cultural appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_printing" title="History of printing">History of printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_society" title="Information society">Information society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">Copyright infringement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derivative_work" title="Derivative work">Derivative work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">Fair use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meme" title="Meme">Meme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">Open source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_culture" title="Participatory culture">Participatory culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party" title="Pirate Party">Pirate politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recontextualisation" title="Recontextualisation">Recontextualisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remix_culture" title="Remix culture">Remix culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214272#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img 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