CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: convergent bracing</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: convergent bracing"> <meta name="keywords" content="convergent bracing"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="convergent bracing" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="convergent bracing"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 209</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: convergent bracing</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">209</span> Earthquake Retrofitting of Concrete Structures Using Steel Bracing with the Results of Linear and Nonlinear Static Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Sadie">Ehsan Sadie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of steel braces in concrete structures has been considered by researchers in recent decades due to its easy implementation, economics and the ability to create skylights in braced openings compared to shear wall openings as well as strengthening weak concrete structures to earthquakes. The purpose of this article is to improve and strengthen concrete structures with steel bracing. In addition, cases such as different numbers of steel braces in different openings of concrete structures and interaction between concrete frames and metal braces have been studied. In this paper, by performing static nonlinear analysis and examining ductility, the relative displacement of floors, examining the performance of samples, and determining the coefficient of behavior of composite frames (concrete frames with metal bracing), the behavior of reinforced concrete frames is compared with frame without bracing. The results of analyzes and studies show that the addition of metal bracing increases the strength and stiffness of the frame and reduces the ductility and lateral displacement of the structure. In general, the behavior of the structure against earthquakes will be improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior%20coefficient" title="behavior coefficient">behavior coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bracing" title=" bracing"> bracing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20structure" title=" concrete structure"> concrete structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergent%20bracing" title=" convergent bracing"> convergent bracing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title=" earthquake"> earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20static%20analysis" title=" linear static analysis"> linear static analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20analysis" title=" nonlinear analysis"> nonlinear analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pushover%20curve" title=" pushover curve"> pushover curve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145613/earthquake-retrofitting-of-concrete-structures-using-steel-bracing-with-the-results-of-linear-and-nonlinear-static-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145613.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">208</span> Seismic Response of Braced Steel Frames with Shape Memory Alloy and Mega Bracing Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Omar">Mohamed Omar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Steel bracing members are widely used in steel structures to reduce lateral displacement and dissipate energy during earthquake motions. Concentric steel bracing provide an excellent approach for strengthening and stiffening steel buildings. Using these braces the designer can hardly adjust the stiffness together with ductility as needed because of buckling of braces in compression. In this study the use of SMA bracing and steel bracing (Mega) utilized in steel frames are investigated. The effectiveness of these two systems in rehabilitating a mid-rise eight-storey steel frames were examined using time-history nonlinear analysis utilizing Seismo-Struct software. Results show that both systems improve the strength and stiffness of the original structure but due to excellent behavior of SMA in nonlinear phase and under compressive forces this system shows much better performance than the rehabilitation system of Mega bracing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title="finite element analysis">finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20response" title=" seismic response"> seismic response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shapes%20memory%20alloy" title=" shapes memory alloy"> shapes memory alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20frame" title=" steel frame"> steel frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mega%20bracing" title=" mega bracing"> mega bracing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4180/seismic-response-of-braced-steel-frames-with-shape-memory-alloy-and-mega-bracing-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4180.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">207</span> X-Bracing Configuration and Seismic Response</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Rahjoo">Saeed Rahjoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20H.%20Mamaqani"> Babak H. Mamaqani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concentric bracing systems have been in practice for many years because of their effectiveness in reducing seismic response. Depending on concept, seismic design codes provide various response modification factors (R), which itself consists of different terms, for different types of lateral load bearing systems but configuration of these systems are often ignored in the proposed values. This study aims at considering the effect of different x-bracing diagonal configuration on values of ductility dependent term in R computation. 51 models were created and nonlinear push over analysis has been performed. The main variables of this study were the suitable location of X–bracing diagonal configurations, which establishes better nonlinear behavior in concentric braced steel frames. Results show that some x-bracing diagonal configurations improve the seismic performance of CBF significantly and explicit consideration of lateral load bearing systems seems necessary. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bracing%20configuration" title="bracing configuration">bracing configuration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentrically%20braced%20frame%20%28CBF%29" title=" concentrically braced frame (CBF)"> concentrically braced frame (CBF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=push%20over%20analyses" title=" push over analyses"> push over analyses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20reduction%20factor" title=" response reduction factor"> response reduction factor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5888/x-bracing-configuration-and-seismic-response" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">206</span> Effect of Adding Horizontal Steel Bracing System to Ordinary Moment Steel Frames Subjected to Wind Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yousef%20Al-Qaryouti">Yousef Al-Qaryouti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Besan%20Alagawani"> Besan Alagawani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main concern of this study is to evaluate the effect of adding horizontal steel bracing system to ordinary moment resisting steel frames subjected to wind load. Similar frames without bracing systems are also to be compared. A general analytical study was carried out to obtain the influence of such system in resisting wind load. Linear static analysis has been carried out using ETABS software by applying fixed wind load defined according to ASCE7-10 for three-, six-, nine-, and twelve-story ordinary moment steel frame buildings including and not including horizontal steel bracing system. The results showed that the lateral drift due to wind load decreased by adding horizontal bracing system. Also, the results show that effect of such system is more efficient to low-rise buildings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20bracing%20system" title="horizontal bracing system">horizontal bracing system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20moment%20frames" title=" steel moment frames"> steel moment frames</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20load%20resisting%20system" title=" wind load resisting system"> wind load resisting system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20static%20analysis" title=" linear static analysis"> linear static analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52051/effect-of-adding-horizontal-steel-bracing-system-to-ordinary-moment-steel-frames-subjected-to-wind-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">287</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">205</span> Comparison of the Effect of Semi-Rigid Ankle Bracing Performance among Ankle Injured Versus Non-Injured Adolescent Female Hockey Players</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20J.%20Ellapen">T. J. Ellapen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Acampora"> N. Acampora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Dawson"> S. Dawson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Arling"> J. Arling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Van%20Niekerk"> C. Van Niekerk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20J.%20Van%20Heerden"> H. J. Van Heerden</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: To determine the comparative proprioceptive performance of injured versus non-injured adolescent female hockey players when wearing an ankle brace. Methods: Data were collected from 100 high school players who belonged to the Highway Secondary School KZN Hockey league via voluntary parental informed consent and player assent. Players completed an injury questionnaire probing the prevalence and nature of hockey injuries (March-August 2013). Subsequently players completed a Biodex proprioceptive test with and without an ankle brace. Probability was set at p≤ 0.05. Results: Twenty-two players sustained ankle injuries within the six months (p<0.001). Injured players performed similarly without bracing Right Anterior Posterior Index (RAPI): 2.8±0.9; Right Medial Lateral Index (RMLI): 1.9±0.7; Left Anterior Posterior Index (LAPI) LAPI: 2.7; Left Medial Lateral Index (LMLI): 1.7±0.6) as compared to bracing (RAPI: 2.7±1.4; RMLI: 1.8±0.6; LAPI: 2.6±1.0; LMLI: 1.5±0.6) (p>0.05). However, bracing (RAPI: 2.2±0.8; RMLI: 1.5±0.5; LAPI: 2.4±0.9; MLI: 1.5±0.5) improved the ankle stability of the non-injured group as compared to their unbraced performance (RAPI: 2.5±1.0; RMLI: 1.8±0.8; LAPI: 2.8±1.1; LMLI: 1.8±0.6) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Ankle bracing did not enhance the stability of injured ankles. However ankle bracing has an ergogenic effect enhancing the stability of healthy ankles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hockey" title="hockey">hockey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proprioception" title=" proprioception"> proprioception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ankle" title=" ankle"> ankle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bracing" title=" bracing"> bracing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7291/comparison-of-the-effect-of-semi-rigid-ankle-bracing-performance-among-ankle-injured-versus-non-injured-adolescent-female-hockey-players" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">204</span> Enhancing Seismic Performance of Ductile Moment Frames with Delayed Wire-Rope Bracing Using Middle Steel Plate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Dizangian">Babak Dizangian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Ghasemi"> Mohammad Reza Ghasemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akram%20Ghalandari"> Akram Ghalandari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Moment frames have considerable ductility against cyclic lateral loads and displacements; however, if this feature causes the relative displacement to exceed the permissible limit, it can impose unfavorable hysteretic behavior on the frame. Therefore, adding a bracing system with the capability of preserving the capacity of high energy absorption and controlling displacements without a considerable increase in the stiffness is quite important. This paper investigates the retrofitting of a single storey steel moment frame through a delayed wire-rope bracing system using a middle steel plate. In this model, the steel plate lies where the wire ropes meet, and the model geometry is such that the cables are continuously under tension so that they can take the most advantage of the inherent potential they have in tolerating tensile stress. Using the steel plate also reduces the system stiffness considerably compared to cross bracing systems and preserves the ductile frame’s energy absorption capacity. In this research, the software models of delayed wire-rope bracing system have been studied, validated, and compared with other researchers’ laboratory test results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20loading" title="cyclic loading">cyclic loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delayed%20wire%20rope%20bracing" title=" delayed wire rope bracing"> delayed wire rope bracing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ductile%20moment%20frame" title=" ductile moment frame"> ductile moment frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20absorption" title=" energy absorption"> energy absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hysteresis%20curve" title=" hysteresis curve"> hysteresis curve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69615/enhancing-seismic-performance-of-ductile-moment-frames-with-delayed-wire-rope-bracing-using-middle-steel-plate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">203</span> Lateral-Torsional Buckling of Steel Girder Systems Braced by Solid Web Crossbeams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruoyang%20Tang">Ruoyang Tang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianguo%20Nie"> Jianguo Nie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lateral-torsional bracing members are critical to the stability of girder systems during the construction phase of steel-concrete composite bridges, and the interaction effect of multiple girders plays an essential role in the determination of buckling load. In this paper, an investigation is conducted on the lateral-torsional buckling behavior of the steel girder system which is composed of three or four I-shaped girders and braced by solid web crossbeams. The buckling load for such girder system is comprehensively analyzed and an analytical solution is developed for uniform pressure loading conditions. Furthermore, post-buckling analysis including initial geometric imperfections is performed and parametric studies in terms of bracing density, stiffness ratio as well as the number and spacing of girders are presented in order to find the optimal bracing plans for an arbitrary girder layout. The theoretical solution of critical load on account of local buckling mode shows good agreement with the numerical results in eigenvalue analysis. In addition, parametric analysis results show that both bracing density and stiffness ratio have a significant impact on the initial stiffness, global stability and failure mode of such girder system. Taking into consideration the effect of initial geometric imperfections, an increase in bracing density between adjacent girders can effectively improve the bearing capacity of the structure, and higher beam-girder stiffness ratio can result in a more ductile failure mode. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bracing%20member" title="bracing member">bracing member</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20stage" title=" construction stage"> construction stage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral-torsional%20buckling" title=" lateral-torsional buckling"> lateral-torsional buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20girder%20system" title=" steel girder system"> steel girder system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124929/lateral-torsional-buckling-of-steel-girder-systems-braced-by-solid-web-crossbeams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">202</span> Bracing Applications for Improving the Earthquake Performance of Reinforced Concrete Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diyar%20Yousif%20Ali">Diyar Yousif Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Braced frames, besides other structural systems, such as shear walls or moment resisting frames, have been a valuable and effective technique to increase structures against seismic loads. In wind or seismic excitations, diagonal members react as truss web elements which would afford tension or compression stresses. This study proposes to consider the effect of bracing diagonal configuration on values of base shear and displacement of building. Two models were created, and nonlinear pushover analysis was implemented. Results show that bracing members enhance the lateral load performance of the Concentric Braced Frame (CBF) considerably. The purpose of this article is to study the nonlinear response of reinforced concrete structures which contain hollow pipe steel braces as the major structural elements against earthquake loads. A five-storey reinforced concrete structure was selected in this study; two different reinforced concrete frames were considered. The first system was an un-braced frame, while the last one was a braced frame with diagonal bracing. Analytical modelings of the bare frame and braced frame were realized by means of SAP 2000. The performances of all structures were evaluated using nonlinear static analyses. From these analyses, the base shear and displacements were compared. Results are plotted in diagrams and discussed extensively, and the results of the analyses showed that the braced frame was seemed to capable of more lateral load carrying and had a high value for stiffness and lower roof displacement in comparison with the bare frame. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20structures" title="reinforced concrete structures">reinforced concrete structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pushover%20analysis" title=" pushover analysis"> pushover analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=base%20shear" title=" base shear"> base shear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20bracing" title=" steel bracing"> steel bracing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160291/bracing-applications-for-improving-the-earthquake-performance-of-reinforced-concrete-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">201</span> The Effect of Vertical Shear-link in Improving the Seismic Performance of Structures with Eccentrically Bracing Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Baradaran">Mohammad Reza Baradaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farhad%20Hamzezarghani"> Farhad Hamzezarghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Rastegari%20Ghiri"> Mehdi Rastegari Ghiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Mirsanjari"> Zahra Mirsanjari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Passive control methods can be utilized to build earthquake resistant structures, and also to strengthen the vulnerable ones. One of the most effective, yet simple passive control methods is the use of vertical shear-links (VSL) in systems with eccentric bracing. In fact, vertical shear-links dissipate the earthquake energy and act like a ductile fuse. In this paper, we studied the effect of this system in increasing the ductility and energy dissipation and also modeled the behavior of this type of eccentric bracing, and compared the hysteresis diagram of the modeled samples with the laboratory samples. We studied several samples of frames with vertical shear-links in order to assess the behavior of this type of eccentric bracing. Each of these samples was modeled in finite element software ANSYS 9.0, and was analyzed under the static cyclic loading. It was found that vertical shear-links have a more stable hysteresis loops. Another analysis showed that using honeycomb beams as the horizontal beam along with steel reinforcement has no negative effect on the hysteresis behavior of the sample. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20shear-link" title="vertical shear-link">vertical shear-link</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passive%20control" title=" passive control"> passive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20analysis" title=" cyclic analysis"> cyclic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20dissipation" title=" energy dissipation"> energy dissipation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=honeycomb%20beam" title=" honeycomb beam"> honeycomb beam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30924/the-effect-of-vertical-shear-link-in-improving-the-seismic-performance-of-structures-with-eccentrically-bracing-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">496</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">200</span> Seismic Assessment of RC Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badla%20Oualid">Badla Oualid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A great number of existing buildings are designed without seismic design criteria and detailing rules for dissipative structural behavior. Thus, it is of critical importance that the structures that need seismic retrofitting are correctly identified, and an optimal retrofitting is conducted in a cost effective fashion. Among the retrofitting techniques available, steel braces can be considered as one of the most efficient solution among seismic performance upgrading methods of RC structures. This paper investigates the seismic behavior of RC buildings strengthened with different types of steel braces, X-braced, inverted V braced, ZX braced, and Zipper braced. Static non linear pushover analysis has been conducted to estimate the capacity of three story and six story buildings with different brace-frame systems and different cross sections for the braces. It is found that adding braces enhances the global capacity of the buildings compared to the case with no bracing and that the X and Zipper bracing systems performed better depending on the type and size of the cross section. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20design" title="seismic design">seismic design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strengthening" title=" strengthening"> strengthening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20frames" title=" RC frames"> RC frames</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20bracing" title=" steel bracing"> steel bracing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pushover%20analysis" title=" pushover analysis"> pushover analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21615/seismic-assessment-of-rc-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">522</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">199</span> Effect of Wind Braces to Earthquake Resistance of Steel Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Gokdemir">H. Gokdemir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> All structures are subject to vertical and lateral loads. Under these loads, structures make deformations and deformation values of structural elements mustn't exceed their capacity for structural stability. Especially, lateral loads cause critical deformations because of their random directions and magnitudes. Wind load is one of the lateral loads which can act in any direction and any magnitude. Although wind has nearly no effect on reinforced concrete structures, it must be considered for steel structures, roof systems and slender structures like minarets. Therefore, every structure must be able to resist wind loads acting parallel and perpendicular to any side. One of the effective methods for resisting lateral loads is assembling cross steel elements between columns which are called as wind bracing. These cross elements increases lateral rigidity of a structure and prevent exceeding of deformation capacity of the structural system. So, this means cross elements are also effective in resisting earthquake loads too. In this paper; Effects of wind bracing to earthquake resistance of structures are studied. Structure models (with and without wind bracing) are generated and these models are solved under both earthquake and wind loads with different seismic zone parameters. It is concluded by the calculations that; in low-seismic risk zones, wind bracing can easily resist earthquake loads and no additional reinforcement for earthquake loads is necessary. Similarly; in high-seismic risk zones, earthquake cross elements resist wind loads too. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20bracings" title="wind bracings">wind bracings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake" title=" earthquake"> earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20structures" title=" steel structures"> steel structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20and%20lateral%20loads" title=" vertical and lateral loads"> vertical and lateral loads</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23581/effect-of-wind-braces-to-earthquake-resistance-of-steel-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">198</span> The Concurrent Effect of Autistic and Schizotypal Traits on Convergent and Divergent Thinking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Abu-Akel">Ahmad Abu-Akel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emilie%20De%20Montpellier"> Emilie De Montpellier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sophie%20Von%20Bentivegni"> Sophie Von Bentivegni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lyn%20Luechinger"> Lyn Luechinger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandro%20Ishii"> Alessandro Ishii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christine%20Mohr"> Christine Mohr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Convergent and divergent thinking are two main components of creativity that have been viewed as complementary. While divergent thinking refers to the fluency and flexibility of generating new ideas, convergent thinking refers to the ability to systematically apply rules and knowledge to arrive at the optimal solution or idea. These creativity components have been shown to be susceptible to variation in subclinical expressions of autistic and schizotypal traits within the general population. Research, albeit inconclusively, mainly linked positive schizotypal traits with divergent thinking and autistic traits with convergent thinking. However, cumulative evidence suggests that these trait dimensions can co-occur in the same individual more than would be expected by chance and that their concurrent effect can be diametric and even interactive. The current study aimed at investigating the concurrent effect of these trait dimensions on tasks assessing convergent and divergent thinking abilities. We predicted that individuals with high positive schizotypal traits alone would perform particularly well on the divergent thinking task, whilst those with high autistic traits alone would perform particularly well on the convergent thinking task. Crucially, we also predicted that individuals who are high on both autistic and positive schizotypal traits would perform particularly well on both the divergent and convergent thinking tasks. This was investigated in a non-clinical sample of 142 individuals (Males = 45%; Mean age = 21.45, SD = 2.30), sufficient to minimally observe an effect size f² ≥ .10. Divergent thinking was evaluated using the Alternative Uses Task, and convergent thinking with the Anagrams Task. Autistic and schizotypal traits were respectively assessed with the Autism Quotient Questionnaire (AQ) and the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE). Regression analyses revealed that the positive association of autistic traits with convergent thinking scores was qualified with an interaction with positive schizotypal traits. Specifically, positive schizotypal traits were negatively associated with convergent thinking scores when AQ scores were relatively low, but this trend was reversed when AQ scores were high. Conversely, the positive effect of AQ scores on convergent thinking progressively increased with increasing positive schizotypal traits. The results of divergent thinking task are currently being analyzed and will be reported at the conference. The association of elevated autistic and positive schizotypal traits with convergent thinking may represent a unique profile of creative thinkers who are able to simultaneously draw on trait-specific advantages conferred by autistic and positively schizotypal traits such as local and global processing. This suggests that main-effect models can tell an incomplete story regarding the effect of autistic and positive schizotypal traits on creativity-related processes. Future creativity research should consider their interaction and the benefits conferred by their co-presence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism" title="autism">autism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schizotypy" title=" schizotypy"> schizotypy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergent%20thinking" title=" convergent thinking"> convergent thinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divergent%20thinking" title=" divergent thinking"> divergent thinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comorbidity" title=" comorbidity"> comorbidity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92235/the-concurrent-effect-of-autistic-and-schizotypal-traits-on-convergent-and-divergent-thinking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">197</span> On Paranorm Zweier I-Convergent Sequence Spaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazneen%20Khan">Nazneen Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vakeel%20A.%20Khan"> Vakeel A. Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this article we introduce the Paranorm Zweier I-convergent sequence spaces, for a sequence of positive real numbers. We study some topological properties, prove the decomposition theorem and study some inclusion relations on these spaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideal" title="ideal">ideal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%0Cfilter" title=" filter"> filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-convergence" title=" I-convergence"> I-convergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-nullity" title=" I-nullity"> I-nullity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paranorm" title=" paranorm"> paranorm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9634/on-paranorm-zweier-i-convergent-sequence-spaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9634.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">196</span> Using Convergent and Divergent Thinking in Creative Problem Solving in Mathematics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keng%20Keh%20Lim">Keng Keh Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaleha%20Ismail"> Zaleha Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yudariah%20Mohammad%20Yusof"> Yudariah Mohammad Yusof</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to find out how students using convergent and divergent thinking in creative problem solving to solve mathematical problems creatively. Eight engineering undergraduates in a local university took part in this study. They were divided into two groups. They solved the mathematical problems with the use of creative problem solving skills. Their solutions were collected and analyzed to reveal all the processes of problem solving, namely: problem definition, ideas generation, ideas evaluation, ideas judgment, and solution implementation. The result showed that the students were able to solve the mathematical problem with the use of creative problem solving skills. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergent%20thinking" title="convergent thinking">convergent thinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divergent%20thinking" title=" divergent thinking"> divergent thinking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creative%20problem%20solving" title=" creative problem solving"> creative problem solving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creativity" title=" creativity"> creativity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77631/using-convergent-and-divergent-thinking-in-creative-problem-solving-in-mathematics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77631.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">195</span> Filmmaking with a Smartphone and National Cinema of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Bilal">Ahmad Bilal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Digital and convergent media can be helpful in terms of acquiring film production skills and knowledge, and it has also reduced the cost of production. Thus, allowing filmmakers greater opportunities and access to the medium of film. Both these dimensions of new and convergent media have been challenging the established cinema of Pakistan, as traditionally, it has been controlled by the authorities through censorship policies. The use of the smartphone as a movie camera, editing machine, and a transmitter can further challenge the control in a postcolonial society. To explore the impact of new and convergent media on the art of filmmaking, a film 'Sohni Dharti: An untrue story' is produced. It is shot both on a smartphone and a Digital Single Lens Reflex Camera (DSLR), with almost zero budgets. It is distributed through Vimeo from Pakistan. This process reveals how the technologies that are available today, and the increased knowledge of film production that they bring, allow a more inclusive experience of the film production and distribution. At the same time, however, it also discloses the limitations that accompany new technologies within the context of a postcolonial society. This paper will investigate the role of technology to bring filmmaking at a level of pencil and paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergent%20media" title="convergent media">convergent media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filmmaking" title=" filmmaking"> filmmaking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smartphone" title=" smartphone"> smartphone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33142/filmmaking-with-a-smartphone-and-national-cinema-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33142.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">194</span> Earthquake Resistant Sustainable Steel Green Building</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arup%20Saha%20Chaudhuri">Arup Saha Chaudhuri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Structural steel is a very ductile material with high strength carrying capacity, thus it is very useful to make earthquake resistant buildings. It is a homogeneous material also. The member section and the structural system can be made very efficient for economical design. As the steel is recyclable and reused, it is a green material. The embodied energy for the efficiently designed steel structure is less than the RC structure. For sustainable green building steel is the best material nowadays. Moreover, pre-engineered and pre-fabricated faster construction methodologies help the development work to complete within the stipulated time. In this paper, the usefulness of Eccentric Bracing Frame (EBF) in steel structure over Moment Resisting Frame (MRF) and Concentric Bracing Frame (CBF) is shown. Stability of the steel structures against horizontal forces especially in seismic condition is efficiently possible by Eccentric bracing systems with economic connection details. The EBF is pin–ended, but the beam-column joints are designed for pin ended or for full connectivity. The EBF has several desirable features for seismic resistance. In comparison with CBF system, EBF system can be designed for appropriate stiffness and drift control. The link beam is supposed to yield in shear or flexure before initiation of yielding or buckling of the bracing member in tension or compression. The behavior of a 2-D steel frame is observed under seismic loading condition in the present paper. Ductility and brittleness of the frames are compared with respect to time period of vibration and dynamic base shear. It is observed that the EBF system is better than MRF system comparing the time period of vibration and base shear participation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20building" title="steel building">steel building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20and%20sustainable" title=" green and sustainable"> green and sustainable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake%20resistant" title=" earthquake resistant"> earthquake resistant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EBF%20system" title=" EBF system"> EBF system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78519/earthquake-resistant-sustainable-steel-green-building" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">193</span> Optimizing Bridge Deck Construction: A Deep Neural Network Approach for Limiting Exterior Grider Rotation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Hui">Li Hui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riyadh%20Hindi"> Riyadh Hindi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the United States, bridge construction often employs overhang brackets to support the deck overhang, the weight of fresh concrete, and loads from construction equipment. This approach, however, can lead to significant torsional moments on the exterior girders, potentially causing excessive girder rotation. Such rotations can result in various safety and maintenance issues, including thinning of the deck, reduced concrete cover, and cracking during service. Traditionally, these issues are addressed by installing temporary lateral bracing systems and conducting comprehensive torsional analysis through detailed finite element analysis for the construction of bridge deck overhang. However, this process is often intricate and time-intensive, with the spacing between temporary lateral bracing systems usually relying on the field engineers’ expertise. In this study, a deep neural network model is introduced to limit exterior girder rotation during bridge deck construction. The model predicts the optimal spacing between temporary bracing systems. To train this model, over 10,000 finite element models were generated in SAP2000, incorporating varying parameters such as girder dimensions, span length, and types and spacing of lateral bracing systems. The findings demonstrate that the deep neural network provides an effective and efficient alternative for limiting the exterior girder rotation for bridge deck construction. By reducing dependence on extensive finite element analyses, this approach stands out as a significant advancement in improving safety and maintenance effectiveness in the construction of bridge decks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge%20deck%20construction" title="bridge deck construction">bridge deck construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exterior%20girder%20rotation" title=" exterior girder rotation"> exterior girder rotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176482/optimizing-bridge-deck-construction-a-deep-neural-network-approach-for-limiting-exterior-grider-rotation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">192</span> Finite Element Analysis of Hollow Structural Shape (HSS) Steel Brace with Infill Reinforcement under Cyclic Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chui-Hsin%20Chen">Chui-Hsin Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Ting%20Chen"> Yu-Ting Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Special concentrically braced frames is one of the seismic load resisting systems, which dissipates seismic energy when bracing members within the frames undergo yielding and buckling while sustaining their axial tension and compression load capacities. Most of the inelastic deformation of a buckling bracing member concentrates in the mid-length region. While experiencing cyclic loading, the region dissipates most of the seismic energy being input into the frame. Such a concentration makes the braces vulnerable to failure modes associated with low-cycle fatigue. In this research, a strategy to improve the cyclic behavior of the conventional steel bracing member is proposed by filling the Hollow Structural Shape (HSS) member with reinforcement. It prevents the local section from concentrating large plastic deformation caused by cyclic loading. The infill helps spread over the plastic hinge region into a wider area hence postpone the initiation of local buckling or even the rupture of the braces. The finite element method is introduced to simulate the complicated bracing member behavior and member-versus-infill interaction under cyclic loading. Fifteen 3-D-element-based models are built by ABAQUS software. The verification of the FEM model is done with unreinforced (UR) HSS bracing members’ cyclic test data and aluminum honeycomb plates’ bending test data. Numerical models include UR and filled HSS bracing members with various compactness ratios based on the specification of AISC-2016 and AISC-1989. The primary variables to be investigated include the relative bending stiffness and the material of the filling reinforcement. The distributions of von Mises stress and equivalent plastic strain (PEEQ) are used as indices to tell the strengths and shortcomings of each model. The result indicates that the change of relative bending stiffness of the infill is much more influential than the change of material in use to increase the energy dissipation capacity. Strengthen the relative bending stiffness of the reinforcement results in additional energy dissipation capacity to the extent of 24% and 46% in model based on AISC-2016 (16-series) and AISC-1989 (89-series), respectively. HSS members with infill show growth in 𝜂Local Buckling, normalized energy cumulated until the happening of local buckling, comparing to UR bracing members. The 89-series infill-reinforced members have more energy dissipation capacity than unreinforced 16-series members by 117% to 166%. The flexural rigidity of infills should be less than 29% and 13% of the member section itself for 16-series and 89-series bracing members accordingly, thereby guaranteeing the spread over of the plastic hinge and the happening of it within the reinforced section. If the parameters are properly configured, the ductility, energy dissipation capacity, and fatigue-life of HSS SCBF bracing members can be improved prominently by the infill-reinforced method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20concentrically%20braced%20frames" title="special concentrically braced frames">special concentrically braced frames</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HSS" title=" HSS"> HSS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20loading" title=" cyclic loading"> cyclic loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infill%20reinforcement" title=" infill reinforcement"> infill reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEEQ" title=" PEEQ"> PEEQ</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157991/finite-element-analysis-of-hollow-structural-shape-hss-steel-brace-with-infill-reinforcement-under-cyclic-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157991.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">191</span> Experimental Study of the Fiber Dispersion of Pulp Liquid Flow in Channels with Application to Papermaking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masaru%20Sumida">Masaru Sumida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explored the feasibility of improving the hydraulic headbox of papermaking machines by studying the flow of wood-pulp suspensions behind a flat plate inserted in parallel and convergent channels. Pulp fiber concentrations of the wake downstream of the plate were investigated by flow visualization and optical measurements. Changes in the time-averaged and fluctuation of the fiber concentration along the flow direction were examined. In addition, the control of the flow characteristics in the two channels was investigated. The behaviors of the pulp fibers and the wake flow were found to be strongly related to the flow states in the upstream passages partitioned by the plate. The distribution of the fiber concentration was complex because of the formation of a thin water layer on the plate and the generation of Karman’s vortices at the trailing edge of the plate. Compared with the flow in the parallel channel, fluctuations in the fiber concentration decreased in the convergent channel. However, at low flow velocities, the convergent channel has a weak effect on equilibrating the time-averaged fiber concentration. This shows that a rectangular trailing edge cannot adequately disperse pulp suspensions; thus, at low flow velocities, a convergent channel is ineffective in ensuring uniform fiber concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20dispersion" title="fiber dispersion">fiber dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=headbox" title=" headbox"> headbox</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulp%20liquid" title=" pulp liquid"> pulp liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wake%20flow" title=" wake flow"> wake flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62014/experimental-study-of-the-fiber-dispersion-of-pulp-liquid-flow-in-channels-with-application-to-papermaking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62014.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">190</span> Evaluating the Seismic Stress Distribution in the High-Rise Structures Connections with Optimal Bracing System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20R.%20Vosoughifar">H. R. Vosoughifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedeh%20Zeinab.%20Hosseininejad"> Seyedeh Zeinab. Hosseininejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nahid%20Shabazi"> Nahid Shabazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Mohialdin%20Hosseininejad"> Seyed Mohialdin Hosseininejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, structure designers advocate further application of energy absorption devices for lateral loads damping. The Un-bonded Braced Frame (UBF) system is one of the efficient damping systems, which is made of a smart combination of steel and concrete or mortar. In this system, steel bears the earthquake-induced axial force as compressive or tension forces without loss of strength. Concrete or mortar around the steel core acts as a constraint for brace and prevents brace buckling during seismic axial load. In this study, the optimal bracing system in the high-rise structures has been evaluated considering the seismic stress distribution in the connections. An actual 18-story structure was modeled using the proper Finite Element (FE) software where braced with UBF, Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBF) and Concentrically Braced Frame (CBF) systems. Nonlinear static pushover and time-history analyses are then performed so that the acquired results demonstrate that the UBF system reduces drift values in the high-rise buildings. Further statistical analyses show that there is a significant difference between the drift values of UBF system compared with those resulted from the EBF and CBF systems. Hence, the seismic stress distribution in the connections of the proposed structure which braced with UBF system was investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20bracing%20system" title="optimal bracing system">optimal bracing system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-rise%20structure" title=" high-rise structure"> high-rise structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis%20%28FEA%29" title=" finite element analysis (FEA)"> finite element analysis (FEA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20stress" title=" seismic stress"> seismic stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45332/evaluating-the-seismic-stress-distribution-in-the-high-rise-structures-connections-with-optimal-bracing-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">429</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">189</span> The Realization of a System’s State Space Based on Markov Parameters by Using Flexible Neural Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Isapour">Ali Isapour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramin%20Nateghi"> Ramin Nateghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> — Markov parameters are unique parameters of the system and remain unchanged under similarity transformations. Markov parameters from a power series that is convergent only if the system matrix’s eigenvalues are inside the unity circle. Therefore, Markov parameters of a stable discrete-time system are convergent. In this study, we aim to realize the system based on Markov parameters by using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and this end, we use Flexible Neural Networks. Realization means determining the elements of matrices A, B, C, and D. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markov%20parameters" title="Markov parameters">Markov parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=realization" title=" realization"> realization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activation%20function" title=" activation function"> activation function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible%20neural%20network" title=" flexible neural network"> flexible neural network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119535/the-realization-of-a-systems-state-space-based-on-markov-parameters-by-using-flexible-neural-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">188</span> A Theoretical Study of Multi-Leaf Spring in Seismic Response Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ezati%20Kooshki">M. Ezati Kooshki </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Pourmohamad"> H. Pourmohamad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Leaf spring dampers are used for commercial vehicles and heavy tracks. The main function of this damper in these vehicles is protection against damage and providing comfort for drivers by creating suspension between road and vehicle. This paper presents a new device, circular leaf spring damper, which is frequently used on vehicles, aiming to gain seismic protection of structures. Finite element analyses were conducted on several one-story structures using finite element software (Abaqus, v6.10-1). The time history analysis was conducted on the records of Kobe (1995) and San Fernando (1971) ground motions to demonstrate the advantages of using leaf spring in structures as compared to simple bracing system. This paper also suggests extending the use of this damper in structures, considering its large control force despite high cycle fatigue properties and low prices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bracing%20system" title="bracing system">bracing system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20spring" title=" leaf spring"> leaf spring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20protection" title=" seismic protection"> seismic protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20history%20analysis" title=" time history analysis"> time history analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33648/a-theoretical-study-of-multi-leaf-spring-in-seismic-response-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">187</span> CFD Effect of the Tidal Grating in Opposite Directions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20M.%20Thao">N. M. Thao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Dolguntseva"> I. Dolguntseva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Leijon"> M. Leijon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flow blockages referring to the increase in flow are considered as a vital equipment for marine current energy conversion. However, the shape of these devices will result in extracted energy under the operation. The present work investigates the effect of two configurations of a grating, convergent and divergent that located upstream, to the water flow velocity. Computational Fluid Dynamic simulation studies the flow characteristics by using the ANSYS Fluent solver for these specified arrangements of the grating. The results indicate that distinct features of flow velocity between “convergent” and “divergent” grating placements are up to in confined conditions. Furthermore, the velocity in case of granting is higher than that of the divergent grating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20%20current%20%20energy" title="marine current energy">marine current energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=converter" title=" converter"> converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbine%20granting" title=" turbine granting"> turbine granting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RANS%20simulation" title=" RANS simulation"> RANS simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20flow%20velocity" title=" water flow velocity"> water flow velocity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27716/cfd-effect-of-the-tidal-grating-in-opposite-directions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27716.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">409</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">186</span> Comparison of Reserve Strength Ratio and Capacity Curve Parameters of Offshore Platforms with Distinct Bracing Arrangements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aran%20Dezhban">Aran Dezhban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hooshang%20Dolatshahi%20Pirooz"> Hooshang Dolatshahi Pirooz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The phenomenon of corrosion, especially in the Persian Gulf region, is the main cause of the deterioration of offshore platforms, due to the high corrosion of its water. This phenomenon occurs mostly in the area of water spraying, threatening the members of the first floor of the jacket, legs, and piles in this area. In the current study, the effect of bracing arrangement on the Capacity Curve and Reserve Strength Ratio of Fixed-Type Offshore Platforms is investigated. In order to continue the operation of the platform, two modes of robust and damaged structures are considered, while checking the adequacy of the platform capacity based on the allowable values of API RP-2SIM regulations. The platform in question is located in the Persian Gulf, which is modeled on the OpenSEES software. In this research, the Nonlinear Pushover Analysis has been used. After validation, the Capacity Curve of the studied platforms is obtained and then their Reserve Strength Ratio is calculated. Results are compared with the criteria in the API-2SIM regulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed-type%20jacket%20structure" title="fixed-type jacket structure">fixed-type jacket structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20integrity%20management" title=" structural integrity management"> structural integrity management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20pushover%20analysis" title=" nonlinear pushover analysis"> nonlinear pushover analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20and%20damaged%20structure" title=" robust and damaged structure"> robust and damaged structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reserve%20strength%20ration" title=" reserve strength ration"> reserve strength ration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity%20curve" title=" capacity curve"> capacity curve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151947/comparison-of-reserve-strength-ratio-and-capacity-curve-parameters-of-offshore-platforms-with-distinct-bracing-arrangements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151947.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">185</span> The Predictive Value of Extensor Grip Test for the Effectiveness of Treatment for Tennis Elbow: A Randomized Controlled Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Javad%20Zehtab">Mohammad Javad Zehtab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Alireza%20Mirghasemi"> S. Alireza Mirghasemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Majlesara"> Ali Majlesara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parvin%20Tajik"> Parvin Tajik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Siavashi"> Babak Siavashi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: There are different modalities proposed for tennis elbow treatment with few randomized trials comparing them. We designed a study to compare the effectiveness of five different modalities and determine the usefulness of recently proposed extensor grip test (EGT) in predicting the response to treatment. Methods: In a randomized controlled clinical trial 92 of 98 tennis elbow patients in Sina hospital of Tehran, Iran between 2006 and 2007 fulfill trial entry criteria, among these patients 56 (60.9%) had positive EGT result. Stratified on EGT result, patients allocated randomly to 5 treatment groups: Brace (B) group, physiotherapy (P), brace + physiotherapy (BP), injection (I) and injection + physiotherapy (IP). Results: Patients who had positive result of EGT had better response to treatments: less SOC (p = 0.06), less PFFQ and patients’ satisfaction scores (p < 0.001). Among the treatment IP was the most successful, then BP, P and B, respectively; injection was the worst treatment modality. Response to treatment was comparable in all groups between EGT positive and negative patients except bracing; in which positive EGT was correlated with a dramatic response to treatment. Conclusion: In all patients IP and then BP is recommended but in EGT negatives, bracing seems to be of no use. Injection alone is not recommended in either group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tennis%20elbow" title="tennis elbow">tennis elbow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extensor%20grip%20test" title=" extensor grip test"> extensor grip test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physiotherapy" title=" physiotherapy"> physiotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tennis%20elbow%20treatment" title=" tennis elbow treatment"> tennis elbow treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34774/the-predictive-value-of-extensor-grip-test-for-the-effectiveness-of-treatment-for-tennis-elbow-a-randomized-controlled-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">184</span> Flow-Control Effectiveness of Convergent Surface Indentations on an Aerofoil at Low Reynolds Numbers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neel%20K.%20Shah">Neel K. Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Passive flow control on aerofoils has largely been achieved through the use of protrusions such as vane-type vortex generators. Consequently, innovative flow-control concepts should be explored in an effort to improve current component performance. Therefore, experimental research has been performed at The University of Manchester to evaluate the flow-control effectiveness of a vortex generator made in the form of a surface indentation. The surface indentation has a trapezoidal planform. A spanwise array of indentations has been applied in a convergent orientation around the maximum-thickness location of the upper surface of a NACA-0015 aerofoil. The aerofoil has been tested in a two-dimensional set-up in a low-speed wind tunnel at an angle of attack (AoA) of 3° and a chord-based Reynolds number (Re) of ~2.7 x 105. The baseline model has been found to suffer from a laminar separation bubble at low AoA. The application of the indentations at 3° AoA has considerably shortened the separation bubble. The indentations achieve this by shedding up-flow pairs of streamwise vortices. Despite the considerable reduction in bubble length, the increase in leading-edge suction due to the shorter bubble is limited by the removal of surface curvature and blockage (increase in surface pressure) caused locally by the convergent indentations. Furthermore, the up-flow region of the vortices, which locally weakens the pressure recovery around the trailing edge of the aerofoil by thickening the boundary layer, also contributes to this limitation. Due to the conflicting effects of the indentations, the changes in the pressure-lift and pressure-drag coefficients, i.e., cl,p and cd,p, are small. Nevertheless, the indentations have improved cl,p and cd,p beyond the uncertainty range, i.e., by ~1.30% and ~0.30%, respectively, at 3° AoA. The wake measurements show that turbulence intensity and Reynolds stresses have considerably increased in the indented case, thus implying that the indentations increase the viscous drag on the model. In summary, the convergent indentations are able to reduce the size of the laminar separation bubble, but conversely, they are not highly effective in reducing cd,p at the tested Reynolds number. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerofoil%20flow%20control" title="aerofoil flow control">aerofoil flow control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminar%20separation%20bubbles" title=" laminar separation bubbles"> laminar separation bubbles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20Reynolds-number%20flows" title=" low Reynolds-number flows"> low Reynolds-number flows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20indentations" title=" surface indentations"> surface indentations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61082/flow-control-effectiveness-of-convergent-surface-indentations-on-an-aerofoil-at-low-reynolds-numbers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61082.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">183</span> Psychometric Properties of the Secondary School Stressor Questionnaire among Adolescents at Five Secondary Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamad%20Saiful%20Bahri%20Yusoff">Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to evaluate the construct, convergent, and discriminant validity of the Secondary School Stressor Questionnaire (3SQ) as well as to evaluate its internal consistency among adolescents in Malaysian secondary schools. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 700 secondary school students in five secondary schools. Stratified random sampling was used to select schools and participants. The confirmatory factor analysis was performed by AMOS to examine construct, convergent, and discriminant validity. The reliability analysis was performed by SPSS to determine internal consistency. The results showed that the original six-factor model with 44 items failed to achieve acceptable values of the goodness of fit indices, suggesting poor model fit. The new five-factor model of 3SQ with 22 items demonstrated acceptable level of goodness of fit indices to signify a model fit. The overall Cronbach’s alpha value for the new version 3SQ was 0.93, while the five constructs ranged from 0.68 to 0.94. The composite reliability values of each construct ranged between 0.68 and 0.93, indicating satisfactory to high level of convergent validity. Our study did not support the construct validity of the original version of 3SQ. We found the new version 3SQ showed more convincing evidence of validity and reliability to measure stressors of adolescents. Continued research is needed to verify and maximize the psychometric credentials of 3SQ across countries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stressors" title="stressors">stressors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescents" title=" adolescents"> adolescents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20school%20students" title=" secondary school students"> secondary school students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3SQ" title=" 3SQ"> 3SQ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychometric%20properties" title=" psychometric properties"> psychometric properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5194/psychometric-properties-of-the-secondary-school-stressor-questionnaire-among-adolescents-at-five-secondary-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">182</span> A Study on the Development of Social Participation Activity Scale for the Elderly</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Kwang%20Lee">Young-Kwang Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eun-Gu%20Ji"> Eun-Gu Ji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min-Joo%20Kim"> Min-Joo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung-Jae%20Oh"> Seung-Jae Oh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to develop a social participation activity scale for the elderly. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using maximum likelihood method using bundled items. In conclusion, thirteen items of social participation activity scale seemed appropriate. Finally, convergent validity and discriminant validity were verified on the scale with the fit. The convergent validity was based on the variance extracted value. In other words, the hypothesis that the variables are the same is rejected and the validity is confirmed. This study extensively considered the measurement items of the social participation activity scale used to measure social participation activities of the elderly. In the future, it will be meaningful that it can be used as a tool to verify the effectiveness of services in organizations that provide social welfare services to elderly people such as comprehensive social welfare centers and the elderly comprehensive social welfare centers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elderly" title="elderly">elderly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20participation" title=" social participation"> social participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale%20development" title=" scale development"> scale development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity" title=" validity"> validity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88129/a-study-on-the-development-of-social-participation-activity-scale-for-the-elderly" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">189</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">181</span> Proteome-Wide Convergent Evolution on Vocal Learning Birds Reveals Insight into cAMP-Based Learning Pathway</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chul%20Lee">Chul Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seoae%20Cho"> Seoae Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erich%20D.%20Jarvis"> Erich D. Jarvis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heebal%20Kim"> Heebal Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vocal learning, the ability to imitate vocalizations based on auditory experience, is a homoplastic character state observed in different independent lineages of animals such as songbirds, parrots, hummingbirds and human. It has now become possible to perform genome-wide molecular analyses across vocal learners and vocal non-learners with the recent expansion of avian genome data. It was analyzed the whole genomes of human and 48 avian species including those belonging to the three avian vocal learning lineages, to determine if behavior and neural convergence are associated with molecular convergence in divergent species of vocal learners. Analyses of 8295 orthologous genes across bird species revealed 141 genes with amino acid substitutions specific to vocal learners. Out of these, 25 genes have vocal learner specific genetic homoplasies, and their functions were enriched for learning. Several sites in these genes are estimated under convergent evolution and positive selection. A potential role for a subset of these genes in vocal learning was supported by associations with gene expression profiles in vocal learning brain regions of songbirds and human disease that cause language dysfunctions. The key candidate gene with multiple independent lines of the evidences specific to vocal learners was DRD5. Our findings suggest cAMP-based learning pathway in avian vocal learners, indicating molecular homoplastic changes associated with a complex behavioral trait, vocal learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amino%20acid%20substitutions" title="amino acid substitutions">amino acid substitutions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergent%20evolution" title=" convergent evolution"> convergent evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20selection" title=" positive selection"> positive selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocal%20learning" title=" vocal learning"> vocal learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49715/proteome-wide-convergent-evolution-on-vocal-learning-birds-reveals-insight-into-camp-based-learning-pathway" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">180</span> Development and Validation of Employee Trust Scale: Factor Structure, Reliability and Validity </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chua%20Bee%20Seok">Chua Bee Seok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Getrude%20Cosmas"> Getrude Cosmas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasmine%20Adela%20Mutang"> Jasmine Adela Mutang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shazia%20Iqbal%20Hashmi"> Shazia Iqbal Hashmi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aims of this study were to determine the factor structure and psychometric properties (i.e., reliability and convergent validity) of the employees trust scale, a newly created instrument by the researchers. The employees trust scale initially contained 82 items to measure employee’s trust toward their supervisors. A sample of 818 (343 females, 449 males) employees were selected randomly from public and private organization sectors in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Their ages ranged from 19 to 67 years old with the mean of 34.55 years old. Their average tenure with their current employer was 11.2 years (s.d. = 7.5 years). The respondents were asked to complete the employees trust scale, as well as a managerial trust questionnaire from Mishra. The exploratory factor analysis on employee’s trust toward their supervisor’s extracted three factors, labeled 'trustworthiness' (32 items), 'position status' (11 items) and 'relationship' (6 items) which accounted for 62.49% of the total variance. Trustworthiness factors were re-categorized into three sub factors: competency (11 items), benevolence (8 items) and integrity (13 items). All factors and sub factors of the scales demonstrated clear reliability with internal consistency of Cronbach’s Alpha above 0.85. The convergent validity of the Scale was supported by an expected pattern of correlations (positive and significant correlation) between the score of all factors and sub factors of the scale and the score on the managerial trust questionnaire which measured the same construct. The convergent validity of employees trust scale was further supported by the significant and positive inter correlation between the factors and sub factors of the scale. The results suggest that the employees trust scale is a reliable and valid measure. However, further studies need to be carried out in other groups of sample as to further validate the Scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employees%20trust%20scale" title="employees trust scale">employees trust scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychometric%20properties" title=" psychometric properties"> psychometric properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trustworthiness" title=" trustworthiness"> trustworthiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=position%20status" title=" position status"> position status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relationship" title=" relationship"> relationship</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34014/development-and-validation-of-employee-trust-scale-factor-structure-reliability-and-validity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34014.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergent%20bracing&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergent%20bracing&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergent%20bracing&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergent%20bracing&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergent%20bracing&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergent%20bracing&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergent%20bracing&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>